WinTech ® Partial Discharge based "Predictive Intelligence" of insulation system to eliminate power failure risk.
WinTech® 局部放電基於絕緣系統的「 預測智慧 」可消除電源故障風險。
Introduction of partial discharge
局部放電簡介
Partial discharges (PD) are electric discharges that occur inside the insulation material of high voltage (HV) equipment due to the presence of voids, impurities, or cracks resulting from failures on the manufacturing process, mechanical stress, or insulation ageing process. The PD, which only partially bridges the insulation between conductors, occurs repetitively in a small region, and thus is named partial discharge.
局部放電 (PD) 是指高壓 (HV) 設備絕緣材料內部因製造工藝故障、機械應力或絕緣老化而出現空隙、雜質或裂縫而發生的放電。局部放電 (PD) 僅部分橋接導體之間的絕緣層，並在小範圍內反覆發生，因此稱為局部放電。
Partial discharges appear as pulses having duration of about few nanoseconds, which leads to frequency range above 1GHz. PD destroys the local insulation structure resulting from insulation degradation, and eventually, in the long-term, it spreads throughout the whole insulation and causes breakdowns of HV equipment. The breakdowns of HV equipment are of ten sudden and catastrophic, causing heavy economical losses and danger.
局部放電表現為持續時間約為數納秒的脈衝，頻率範圍超過 1GHz。局部放電會破壞局部絕緣結構，導致絕緣劣化，並最終在長期蔓延至整個絕緣，導致高壓設備故障。高壓設備故障往往具有突發性和災難性，會造成重大的經濟損失和安全隱患。
It is known that PD generates both physical phenomena and chemical changes within the dielectric material. Specifically, PD activity produces sound, light, heat, electromagnetic signals, and chemical reactions. Depending on the type of HV equipment, PD monitor system integrating specific sensors and techniques successfully detect the characteristics of PD activity. It provides an 'early warning' of 'incipient' insulation faults, reminding clients to take preventive measures for effectively minimizing the failure and damages caused by the insulation breakdown of HV equipment.
眾所周知，局部放電 (PD) 會在介電材料內部產生物理現象和化學變化。具體來說，局部放電活動會產生聲音、光、熱、電磁訊號和化學反應。根據高壓設備的類型， 整合特定感測器和技術的局部放電監測系統可以成功檢測局部放電活動的特徵。它可以對“早期” 絕緣故障發出“預警”，提醒客戶採取預防措施。 有效減少高壓設備絕緣擊穿引起的故障和損害 。
局部放電簡介
Partial discharges (PD) are electric discharges that occur inside the insulation material of high voltage (HV) equipment due to the presence of voids, impurities, or cracks resulting from failures on the manufacturing process, mechanical stress, or insulation ageing process. The PD, which only partially bridges the insulation between conductors, occurs repetitively in a small region, and thus is named partial discharge.
局部放電 (PD) 是指高壓 (HV) 設備絕緣材料內部因製造工藝故障、機械應力或絕緣老化而出現空隙、雜質或裂縫而發生的放電。局部放電 (PD) 僅部分橋接導體之間的絕緣層，並在小範圍內反覆發生，因此稱為局部放電。
Partial discharges appear as pulses having duration of about few nanoseconds, which leads to frequency range above 1GHz. PD destroys the local insulation structure resulting from insulation degradation, and eventually, in the long-term, it spreads throughout the whole insulation and causes breakdowns of HV equipment. The breakdowns of HV equipment are of ten sudden and catastrophic, causing heavy economical losses and danger.
局部放電表現為持續時間約為數納秒的脈衝，頻率範圍超過 1GHz。局部放電會破壞局部絕緣結構，導致絕緣劣化，並最終在長期蔓延至整個絕緣，導致高壓設備故障。高壓設備故障往往具有突發性和災難性，會造成重大的經濟損失和安全隱患。
It is known that PD generates both physical phenomena and chemical changes within the dielectric material. Specifically, PD activity produces sound, light, heat, electromagnetic signals, and chemical reactions. Depending on the type of HV equipment, PD monitor system integrating specific sensors and techniques successfully detect the characteristics of PD activity. It provides an 'early warning' of 'incipient' insulation faults, reminding clients to take preventive measures for effectively minimizing the failure and damages caused by the insulation breakdown of HV equipment.
眾所周知，局部放電 (PD) 會在介電材料內部產生物理現象和化學變化。具體來說，局部放電活動會產生聲音、光、熱、電磁訊號和化學反應。根據高壓設備的類型， 整合特定感測器和技術的局部放電監測系統可以成功檢測局部放電活動的特徵。它可以對“早期” 絕緣故障發出“預警”，提醒客戶採取預防措施。 有效減少高壓設備絕緣擊穿引起的故障和損害 。
What is Partial Discharge ?
| 什麼是局部放電？
什麼是局部放電？ | 什麼是展開？
In electrical engineering, Partial Discharge is a local dielectric breakdown of a small portion of insulation system, where the electric field
strength exceeds the breakdown point of the insulation material.
在電氣工程中，局部放電是指絕緣系統一小部分的局部介電擊穿，其中電場強度超過絕緣材料的擊穿點。
在電氣工程中，局部放電是絕緣系統中某一小部分局部電場的強度超過了絕緣材料的破壞點，以致該絕緣介質被擊穿。
Partial Discharge can occur in a gaseous, liquid or solid insulating medium.It usually begins within voids, cracks, or within a solid dielectric such as voids in solid epoxy insulation or within bubbles in liquid dielectrics such as bubbles in transformer oil. Since Partial Discharges are limited to only a portion of the insulation system, which does not constitute a bridge complete continuous discharge, so we called it 'partial' discharge.
局部放電可能發生在氣態、液態或固態絕緣介質。它通常始於空隙、裂縫或固體電介質內部（ 例如固體環氧樹脂絕緣中的空隙），或液體電介質中的氣泡（例如變壓器油中的氣泡）。由於局部放電僅限於絕緣系統的一部分，不構成橋接式完全連續放電，因此我們稱之為「局部」放電。
在電氣工程中，局部放電是指絕緣系統一小部分的局部介電擊穿，其中電場強度超過絕緣材料的擊穿點。
在電氣工程中，局部放電是絕緣系統中某一小部分局部電場的強度超過了絕緣材料的破壞點，以致該絕緣介質被擊穿。
Partial Discharge can occur in a gaseous, liquid or solid insulating medium.It usually begins within voids, cracks, or within a solid dielectric such as voids in solid epoxy insulation or within bubbles in liquid dielectrics such as bubbles in transformer oil. Since Partial Discharges are limited to only a portion of the insulation system, which does not constitute a bridge complete continuous discharge, so we called it 'partial' discharge.
局部放電可能發生在氣態、液態或固態絕緣介質。它通常始於空隙、裂縫或固體電介質內部（ 例如固體環氧樹脂絕緣中的空隙），或液體電介質中的氣泡（例如變壓器油中的氣泡）。由於局部放電僅限於絕緣系統的一部分，不構成橋接式完全連續放電，因此我們稱之為「局部」放電。
| IEC 60270：IEC Standard for pulse current measuring methods of PD IEC 60270：局部放電脈衝電流測量方法的 IEC 標準 |
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| IEC 62478：IEC Standard for on-line PD measuring methods IEC 62478：IEC 線上局部放電測量方法標準 |
局部放電可能發生在氣體、液體或固體的絕緣介質。它通常從固體介質內部孔隙、裂縫或夾雜物等空隙中開始發生，例如環氧樹脂絕緣介
質的孔隙。或從液體介質中的氣泡內發生，例如變壓器油中的氣泡內。由於局部放電限於絕緣系統的一部分，並不構成完全橋接連續放電，這就是為什麼稱它為 '局部' 放電。
However, protracted partial discharge can erode strength of insulation system and eventually lead to breakdown of insulation, causing equipment failures and affecting power quality.
但長時間的局部放電會削弱絕緣系統強度，最終導致絕緣擊穿，造成設備故障並影響電能品質。
然而，持久性的局部放電，會侵蝕絕緣系統的強度，最終導致絕緣破壞，造成設備故障及影響電力的品質。
However, protracted partial discharge can erode strength of insulation system and eventually lead to breakdown of insulation, causing equipment failures and affecting power quality.
但長時間的局部放電會削弱絕緣系統強度，最終導致絕緣擊穿，造成設備故障並影響電能品質。
然而，持久性的局部放電，會侵蝕絕緣系統的強度，最終導致絕緣破壞，造成設備故障及影響電力的品質。
Why Partial Discharge message can eliminate the risk of power failure?
為什麼局部放電的訊息可以減少電力故障的風險？
Due to the Partial Discharge is the initial cause of insulation breakdown, an early detectable partial Discharge data obviously is an effective
message for developing predictable information to protecting the insulation system. In view of this, WinTech® set up the Partial Discharge
laboratory focusing on the research of monitoring and testing techniques and building up the products of detecting and analysis system of
Partial Discharge to establish the "Predictive Intelligence" of the insulation system and thereby to upgrade the safety and reliability of power system.
由於局部放電是絕緣破壞的起始原因，早期檢出的部分放電是一項有效訊息可供發展可預測資訊，來保護絕緣故障。有鑑於此， WinTech® 設立了局部放電的實驗室，聚焦局部放電的監測和測試技術研究及建立其檢測及分析系統產品，來發展絕緣系統的 "預測智慧" 從而 提升電力系統的安全及可靠。
由於局部放電是絕緣破壞的起始原因，早期檢出的部分放電是一項有效訊息可供發展可預測資訊，來保護絕緣故障。有鑑於此， WinTech® 設立了局部放電的實驗室，聚焦局部放電的監測和測試技術研究及建立其檢測及分析系統產品，來發展絕緣系統的 "預測智慧" 從而 提升電力系統的安全及可靠。
Where are the Partial Discharge messages from and what are they?
局部放電會產生如何的狀態?
Whenever the partial discharge takes place, Partial Discharges will emit energy in the form as:
當局部放電發生時，局部放電的能量將利用以下形式散撥於環境中：
Those various form of emissions can be detected and analyzed by specific sensors and associated analysis systems as:
這些不同形式的能量散撥於環境中，可藉由特定的感測器及其分析系統加以偵測與分析：
- Electromagnetic emissions, in the form of radio waves, light and heat.
- Acoustic emissions, in the audible and ultrasonic ranges.
- Ozone and oxide of Nitrogen gases.
- Transient Current & Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) emissions.
當局部放電發生時，局部放電的能量將利用以下形式散撥於環境中：
- 以電磁波、光、熱等無線電波的型式散撥。
- 以聲音和超聲波等聲發射的型式散撥。
- 以臭氧和氮等氣體氧化物的型式散撥。
- 以暫態電流和暫態接地電壓（TEV）的型式散撥。
Those various form of emissions can be detected and analyzed by specific sensors and associated analysis systems as:
- Power cable, transformer, or any MV/HV power equipment.
- Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Sensor.
- High Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT) Sensor.
- Ultrasonic Microphone Sensor.
- Acoustic Contact Sensor.
- TEV Sensor or coupling capacitor.
- Phase-resolved analysis system to compare pulse timing to AC frequency.
這些不同形式的能量散撥於環境中，可藉由特定的感測器及其分析系統加以偵測與分析：
- 適用於電纜，變壓器，或任何MV / HV電力設備。
- 超高頻（UHF）感測器。
- 高頻電流（HFCT）感測器。
- 超音波麥克風感測器。
- 聲學接觸式感測器。
- TEV感測器或耦合電容。
- 比較交流頻率與脈衝時序的相位辨識與分析系統。
WinTech® "Predictive Intelligence" of insulation system. | 成浩科電局放系統的 "預測智慧"
WinTech® has developed various sensors and adaptors as well as specific analysis system successfully established series of precise
leading-edge Partial Discharge based "Predictive Intelligence" of the insulation system to cope with various power facilities maintenance and diagnostic demand.
WinTech® 開發各種感應器和配接器，以及特殊的分析系統，成功地建立了一系列精確、尖端、以局部放電為基礎的絕緣系統 "預測智慧" 來因應各種電力設施維護及診斷的需求。
WinTech® 開發各種感應器和配接器，以及特殊的分析系統，成功地建立了一系列精確、尖端、以局部放電為基礎的絕緣系統 "預測智慧" 來因應各種電力設施維護及診斷的需求。