伊朗光伏发电项目
Photovoltaic power generation project in Iran

项目建议书
Project proposals

中国能源建设集团陕西省电力设计院有限公司
China Energy Construction Group Shaanxi Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd

工程咨询单位甲级资信证书916100002205242365-18ZYJ18
Grade A credit certificate of engineering consulting unit: 916100002205242365-18ZYJ18

二○二五年四月 西安
April 2025 Xi'an

目 录
Table of Contents

1项目概况 1
1Project Overview1

2. 太阳能资源 1
2. Solar energy resources 1

2.1. 区域概况 1
2.1. Regional Profile1

2.2. 太阳能资源分析 2
2.2. Solar resource analysis 2

3. 总体设计方案及发电量计算 7
3. Overall design scheme and power generation calculation7

3.1. 太阳电池组件选择 7
3.1. Solar cell module option 7

3.2. 电池阵列的运行方式设计 8
3.2. Design of the operation mode of the battery array8

3.3. 逆变器的选择 9
3.3. Selection of inverter9

3.4. 太阳电池方阵设计 10
3.4. Solar cell array design10

3.5. 年上网电量估算 13
3.5. Estimated annual on-grid electricity consumption13

4.电气设计 15
4. Electrical design15

4.1接入电力系统方案 15
4.1 Access to the power system scheme 15

4.2电气一次 15
4.2 Electrical once 15

4.3电气二次 16
4.3 Electrical secondary 16

4.4电缆敷设 18
4.4Cable laying18

5 土建工程 18
5 Civil works 18

5.1 设计标准 18
5.1 Design criteria18

5.2 光伏支架及基础设计 19
5.2 Photovoltaic bracket and foundation design19

5.3 400kV升压站 21
5.3 400kV booster station 21

1项目概况
1. Project Overview

伊朗作为中东国家，大部分地区位于干旱和半干旱气候带，日照资源丰富，适合发展太阳能项目。本项目（Sirjan项目）位于克尔曼省西南侧150km处，E 55°44'08.5290"，N 29°35'50.4309"，直流侧容量为320MWp。光伏场地自然地形较为平坦，有一系列渡槽穿过该地区。
As a country in the Middle East, most of Iran is located in arid and semi-arid climate zones, with abundant sunshine resources, which is suitable for the development of solar energy projects. The project (Sirjan project) is located 1 50km southwest of Kerman province, E 55°44'08.5290", N 29°35'50.4309", The DC side has a capacity of 320MWp. The natural terrain of the PV site is relatively flat, with a series of aqueducts running through the area.

克尔曼（波斯文：کرمان‎）是伊朗伊斯兰共和国克尔曼省的省会和最大城市，距首都德黑兰东南约1076公里，2005年估算人口为533799。始建于三世纪，长期为波斯湾、呼罗珊、马克兰之间的贸易中心。克尔曼的气候多变，很多区被群山环绕，而北部地区位于干燥的荒漠中，南部地区则处于气候适宜的高地上克尔曼的平均海拔为1755米。总体来说克尔曼城的气候还是较适宜的，年降水量为135毫米。因为离卢特荒漠较近，克尔曼的夏天很热，春天经常会有沙尘暴。
Kerman (Persian: کرمان) is the capital and largest city of Kerman Province in the Islamic Republic of Iran, about 1,076 kilometers southeast of the capital Tehran, with an estimated population of 533799 in 2005. Founded in the third century, it has long been a trading center between the Persian Gulf, Khorasan and Makran. Kerman has a varied climate, with many districts surrounded by mountains, while the northern part is located in a dry desert, while the southern part is in a climate-friendly highland, with an average altitude of 1,755 meters. In general, the climate in Kerman City is relatively pleasant, with 135 mm of precipitation per year. Due to its proximity to the Lute Desert, Kerman has hot summers and sandstorms in spring.

图1 项目地理位置图
Figure 1 Geographical location of the project

太阳能资源
Solar energy resources

区域概况
Regional Overview

伊朗锡尔詹（Sirjan）地区位于克尔曼省，地理坐标为北纬29.61°，东经55.71°，海拔高度约为1825米。该地区属于典型的内陆干旱气候，日照充足，降水稀少，年均气温约为17.7°C，夏季最高气温可达40°C以上，冬季最低气温则可能降至-10°C以下。
The Sirjan region of Iran is located in the province of Kerman, with geographical coordinates of 29.61°N, 55.71°E, and an altitude of about 1,825 meters. The region has a typical inland arid climate, with abundant sunshine and scarce precipitation, with an average annual temperature of about 17.7°C, with summer highs of over 40°C and winter lows -10°C or less.

锡尔詹（Sirjan）地区的年均水平面总辐射量（GHI）为2203kWh/m²，法向直接辐射量（DNI）为2299kWh/m²。该地区的太阳能资源极为丰富，尤其是在夏季，太阳辐射强度达到峰值。例如，6月和7月的水平面总辐射量分别为243kWh/m²和232kWh/m²，法向直接辐射量分别为203kWh/m²和184kWh/m²。
The annual mean total horizontal irradiation (GHI) and normal direct irradiation (DNI) in the Sirjan area are 2203 kWh/m² and 2299 kWh/ m²。 The region is extremely rich in solar energy, especially in the summer, when the intensity of solar radiation peaks. For example, the total horizontal radiation in June and July is 243 kWh/m² and 232 kWh/m², respectively, and the normal direct radiation is 203 kWh/m², respectively and 184kWh/m².

太阳能资源分析
Solar energy resource analysis

代表气象站选择
Stands for Weather Station Selection

本项目位于伊朗锡尔詹（Sirjan）地区位于克尔曼省，地理坐标为北纬29.61°，东经55.71°。目前暂无气象站数据。
The project is located in the Sirjan region of Iran, located in Kerman Province, with geographical coordinates of 29.61°N, 55.71°E. There is no weather station data at this time.

本阶段仅以公开卫星数据作为研究依据。
At this stage, only publicly available satellite data will be used as the basis for research.

太阳辐射数据分析
Analysis of solar radiation data

常用太阳资源辐射数据来源除气象站外，还有NASA、Solargis及Meteonorm。
In addition to weather stations, the most common sources of solar radiation data include NASA, Solargis and Meteonorm.

NASA气象辐射数据为美国国家航空航天局提供的场址区22年太阳辐射平均值数据，该值为高空气象卫星观测数据通过计算修正后的地面太阳辐射数据。NASA-SSE数据的空间分布率是110*110公里，包含最近的20+年的数据，但是偏差较大。
NASA meteorological radiation data is the 22-year average solar radiation data of the site area provided by NASA, which is the ground solar radiation data corrected by the calculation of the upper-air meteorological satellite observation data. The spatial distribution rate of NASA-SSE data is 110*110 km, including the last 20+ years, but the deviation is large.

Meteonorm8.2软件是一款瑞士开发的综合气候数据库，分析各地的气象资料软件，其数据来源于全球8325个气象站、5颗同步气象卫星以及WMO（世界气象组织）。Meteonorm8.2数据的空间分布率为20*20公里，数据为1999~2010年的数据，但缺少近6年的数据，数据时间控制步长为3小时。该软件通过输入该场址的经纬度坐标，得到多年平均辐射量数据。
Meteonorm8.2 is a comprehensive Swiss-developed climate database that analyzes meteorological data from 8,325 weather stations, 5 geostationary meteorological satellites and WMO (World Meteorological Organization) worldwide. The spatial distribution rate of Meteonorm8.2 data is 20*20 km, and the data are from 1999~2010, but the data of the past 6 years are missing, and the data time control step is 3 hours. The software obtains multi-year average radioactivity data by inputting the latitude and longitude coordinates of the site.

Solargis是由欧洲Solargiss.r.o.开发的太阳能资源评估工具，利用卫星遥感数据、GIS（地理信息系统）技术和先进的科学算法得到高分辨率太阳能资源及气候要素数据库。Solargis数据空间分布率为0.25*0.25公里，中国西部地区有近20年的数据、东部地区有近13年以上的数据，数据时间控制步长为30分钟。现已被广泛应用于光伏、聚光光伏和光热项目的前期开发、资源评估和发电量计算。
Solargis is developed by Solargiss.r.o. Europe The solar energy resource assessment tool developed uses satellite remote sensing data, GIS (geographic information system) technology and advanced scientific algorithms to obtain a high-resolution solar energy resource and climate element database. The spatial distribution rate of Solargis data is 0.25*0.25 km, with data of the past 20 years in the western region of China and more than 13 years in the eastern region, and the data time control step is 30 Minute. It has been widely used in the pre-development, resource evaluation and power generation calculation of photovoltaic, concentrated photovoltaic and solar thermal projects.

本项目站址处太阳能资源卫星数据对比如下：
The comparison of the solar energy resource satellite data at the site of this project is as follows:

图2-1 NASA-SSE、Meteonorm8.2和SolarGIS四者相同地点的辐射数据对比图
Figure 2-1 Comparison of radiation data from NASA-SSE, Meteonorm8.2 and SolarGIS at the same location

经过对三种卫星数据进行对比，三种卫星数据辐照总量月度变化趋势一致。其中Meteonorm8.2总体数值较高，NASA和Solargis数据一致度较高。考虑NASA数据分辨率较低，因此，本阶段采用Solargis在本站址区的辐照量数据作为本规划太阳能资源评价参考数据。
After comparing the data of the three satellites, the monthly trend of the total irradiation of the three satellite data is consistent. Among them, the overall value of Meteonorm8.2 is high, and the data of NASA and Solargis are more consistent. Considering the low resolution of NASA data, the irradiance data of Solargis in the site area of the station were used as the reference data for the evaluation of solar energy resources in this plan.

站址区太阳能辐射量Solargis数据见下表。
The Solargis data of solar radiation in the site area are shown in the table below.

SolarGIS数据库太阳辐射量月平均数据见图2-2。
Figure 2-2 shows the monthly average of solar radiation in the SolarGIS database.

图2-2站址区月平均太阳总辐射量柱状图
Figure 2-2: Histogram of monthly mean total solar radiation in the site area

平均日辐射量的统计表：
Statistical table of average daily radiation:

本项目站址区太阳能水平面总辐射多年平均值为2203.2kWh/m²。站址区太阳辐照呈现鲜明地四季特征，辐射强度在6月份最大，辐射强度最低值出现在12月份。从图可以看出：太阳辐射的月际变化较大。就月际变化的趋势来看，5~8月太阳辐射量较大，其值均在237.07kWh/m²以上；11月、12月、1月、2月相对较小，其值均在122.85kWh/m²以下。整体看来，夏半年太阳辐射量较大，而冬半年则相对较小。
The multi-year average of the total solar radiation in the site area of this project is 2203.2kWh/m². The solar irradiation in the site area showed distinct characteristics of four seasons, with the highest radiation intensity in June and the lowest radiation intensity in December. As can be seen from the figure, the inter-monthly variation of solar radiation is large. In terms of the trend of inter-monthly variation, the solar radiation in May~August is larger, and its value is above 237.07kWh/m². November, December, January, and February were relatively small, with values below 122.85 kWh/m². On the whole, the amount of solar radiation is higher in the summer half of the year, while the amount of solar radiation in the winter half of the year is relatively small.

太阳能资源评估成果
Results of the solar energy resource assessment

站址区太阳能水平面总辐射多年平均值为2203.2kWh/m²（7931.5MJ/m²）。根据GB/T3115-2014《太阳能资源等级总辐射》中太阳能总辐射年辐照量等级划分指标（分级阀值：≥6300MJ/m²·a，属丰富（A）），本项目太阳能资源属“最丰富（A）”。
The multi-year average of the total solar radiation in the site area is 2203.2 kWh/m² (7931.5MJ/m²). According to GB/T3115-2014 "Total Radiation of Solar Energy Resources", the annual irradiation classification index of total solar radiation (grading threshold: ≥6300MJ/m²·a, which is abundant (A)), the solar energy resources of this project belong to "The most abundant (A)".

表2-3 太阳总辐射年辐照量等级
Table 2-3 Annual irradiance levels of total solar radiation

根据多年各月平均日辐射量的统计情况，RW=3.68/8.11=0.45，项目地太阳能资源稳定程度为“B”稳定度为“稳定”。
According to the statistics of the average daily radiation in each month for many years, RW = 3.68/8.11 = 045. The stability of solar energy resources in the project site is "B" and the stability is "stable".

表2-4 太阳能资源稳定度（RW）等级
Table 2-4 Solar Resource Stability (RW) Grades

气象条件影响分析
Analysis of the impact of meteorological conditions

目前收集到本项目未收集到当地气象数据，根据NASA常规气象学统计数据进行估算。
At present, no local meteorological data has been collected for this project, and estimates are made based on NASA's routine meteorological statistics.

表2-5基本气象要素表
Table 2-5 Basic Meteorological Elements

气温的影响：
Effect of air temperature:

本工程选用逆变器的工作环境温度范围为-25℃～60℃，选用光伏组件的工作温度范围为-40℃～85℃。正常情况下，光伏组件的实际工作温度可保持在环境温度加30℃的水平。
The working temperature range of the inverter is -25°C~60°C, and the working temperature range of the photovoltaic module is -40°C~85°C. Under normal circumstances, the actual operating temperature of photovoltaic modules can be maintained at the ambient temperature plus 30°C.

根据NASA气象资料，本工程场区的多年平均气温17.7℃，多年月极端最高气温43.36（2024年7月），多年月极端最低气温-12.21（2014年1月）。按本工程场区极端气温数据校核，本项目光伏组件的工作温度可控制在允许范围内。逆变器工作时间为日间，其工作时间的环境温度也可控制在允许范围内。故场址区气温条件对光伏组件及逆变器的安全性没有影响。
According to NASA meteorological data, the annual average temperature of the project site is 17.7°C, and the multi-year monthly extreme maximum temperature is 43.36 (July 2024)., multi-year monthly extreme minimum temperature -12.21 (January 2014). According to the extreme temperature data of the project site, the working temperature of the photovoltaic components of the project can be controlled within the allowable range. The working time of the inverter is daytime, and the ambient temperature of its working time can also be controlled within the allowable range. Therefore, the temperature conditions in the site area have no impact on the safety of PV modules and inverters.

风速的影响：
Effect of wind speed:

本工程设计的固定支架的抗风能力在极端风速下应不损坏，并按此设计光伏组件的安装支架及基础等。
The wind resistance of the fixed bracket designed in this project should not be damaged under extreme wind speed, and the mounting bracket and foundation of photovoltaic modules should be designed accordingly.

总体设计方案及发电量计算
The overall design scheme and power generation calculation

太阳电池组件选择
Solar cell module selection

光伏组件的选择应综合考虑目前已商业化的各种光伏组件的产业形势、技术成熟度、运行可靠性、未来技术发展趋势等，并结合电站周围的自然环境、施工条件、交通运输的状况，经技术经济综合比较选用适合集中式大型并网光伏电站使用的光伏组件类型。
The selection of photovoltaic modules should comprehensively consider the industrial situation, technical maturity, operational reliability, future technology development trends, etc. of various photovoltaic modules that have been commercialized, and combine the natural environment, construction conditions, and transportation conditions around the power station, and select the type of photovoltaic modules suitable for centralized large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power stations through comprehensive technical and economic comparison.

自大尺寸硅片普及推广以来，高功率组件成为降本增效的首选利器，500W以上的组件将成为今年的主流产品，根据硅片的尺寸，主要分为182mm和210mm。本工程建设组件数量多，占地面积广，因此优先选用单位面积功率大的光伏组件（即转化率高的组件），以减少占地面积，降低组件安装量；组件数量少意味着组件间连接点少，施工进度快；且故障几率减少，接触电阻小，线缆用量少，系统整体损耗相应降低。
Since the popularization of large-size silicon wafers, high-power modules have become the first choice for reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and modules above 500W will become the mainstream products this year, mainly divided into 182mm and 210mm according to the size of silicon wafers 。 The construction of this project has a large number of modules and a wide area of land, so it is preferential to choose photovoltaic modules with large power per unit area (i.e., modules with high conversion rate) to reduce the floor area and reduce the amount of module installation; The small number of components means that there are few connection points between the modules, and the construction progress is fast; And the probability of failure is reduced, the contact resistance is small, the amount of cable is small, and the overall loss of the system is reduced accordingly.

通过市场调查，综合考虑组件效率、技术成熟性、市场占有率，以及项目建设工期、厂家供货能力等多种因素，本阶段推荐采用720WpN型单晶硅双面双玻光伏组件，主要技术参数，见下表。
Through market research, taking into account various factors such as module efficiency, technology maturity, market share, project construction period, and manufacturer's supply capacity, it is recommended to use 720Wp N-type monocrystalline silicon bifacial double-glass photovoltaic modules at this stage, and the main technical parameters are shown in the following table.

720WpN型单晶硅双面双玻组件主要技术参数，见表3-1：
The main technical parameters of 720Wp N-type monocrystalline silicon bifacial double-glass modules are shown in Table 3-1

表3-1 720Wp N型TopCon单晶硅双面双玻光伏组件性能指标表
Table 3-1 Performance index of 720Wp N-type TopCon monocrystalline silicon bifacial double-glass photovoltaic modules

电池阵列的运行方式设计
Design of how the battery array operates

在光伏发电系统的设计中，光伏组件方阵的运行方式对系统接收到的太阳总辐射量有很大的影响，从而影响到光伏发电系统的发电能力。光伏组件的运行方式有固定安装式和自动跟踪式两种型式。其中，固定安装式又分为最佳倾角固定式和固定可调倾角式。最佳倾角固定式是固定组件倾角的支架形式，安装之后无法根据太阳轨迹完成自动调节；固定可调倾角即为分季节或月份多角度可调方式。最佳倾角固定式因初始投资、占地、运维成本等较低等优势，目前应用最为广泛。自动跟踪系统包括单轴跟踪系统和双轴跟踪系统。单轴跟踪（水平单轴跟踪和斜单轴跟踪）系统以固定的倾角从东往西跟踪太阳的轨迹，可利用日照小时数和可接收的太阳辐射量高；双轴跟踪系统（全跟踪）可以随着太阳轨迹的季节性位置的变换而改变方位角和倾角，可利用小时数和可接收的太阳辐射量最高。自动跟踪系统虽然能够自动跟踪太阳从而提高总体发电量，但是其初始投资相对较高、而且后期运行过程中需要一定的维护，运行费用相对较高，同时，其布置时对场地坡度的要求也较高，另外光伏阵列的同步性对机电控制和机械传动构件等的要求也较高。
In the design of photovoltaic power generation system, the operation mode of photovoltaic module array has a great impact on the total amount of solar radiation received by the system, thus affecting the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system. There are two types of operation modes of photovoltaic modules: fixed installation and automatic tracking. Among them, the fixed installation type is divided into the best inclination angle fixed type and the fixed adjustable inclination type. The best inclination fixed type is a bracket form that fixes the inclination angle of the component, which cannot be automatically adjusted according to the solar trajectory after installation; The fixed adjustable inclination angle is a multi-angle adjustment method for different seasons or months. The best inclination fixed type is currently the most widely used due to the advantages of low initial investment, land occupation, operation and maintenance costs, etc. Automatic tracking systems include single-axis tracking systems and dual-axis tracking systems. Single-axis tracking (horizontal single-axis tracking and oblique single-axis tracking) systems track the sun's trajectory from east to west at a fixed inclination angle, which can take advantage of the high number of sunshine hours and the amount of solar radiation that can be received; The dual-axis tracking system (full tracking) can change the azimuth and inclination angles with the seasonal position of the sun's trajectory, and the number of hours available and the amount of solar radiation that can be received are the highest. Although the automatic tracking system can automatically track the sun to improve the overall power generation, its initial investment is relatively high, and it needs certain maintenance in the later operation process, and the operating cost is relatively high, and at the same time, the requirements for the site slope are also higher when it is arranged, and the synchronization of the photovoltaic array has higher requirements for electromechanical control and mechanical transmission components.

本工程运行方式拟考虑选择技术成熟，发电量高且投资成本相对较小的运行方式。目前，国内技术最为成熟的是固定倾角安装方式，固定式固定倾角方式初始投资较低、且支架系统基本免维护；其次为固定可调安装方式，国内技术基本成熟，但可调节支架随着调节角度增大，光伏阵列前后两排的间距也要增加，随之其占地面积也会增加。根据以往工程经验，可调节支架方阵冬季最佳倾角1MW标准单元占地面积与固定支架方阵全年最佳倾角1MW标准单元占地面积的比值在1.11~1.21倍之间。此外，可调支架的支架造价较固定倾角式较高，发电量较固定倾角式较高。在组件、逆变器、容配比等条件相同的情况下，对不同型式的支架方案进行了比较,根据以往工程经验：
The operation mode of this project intends to consider the selection of an operation mode with mature technology, high power generation capacity and relatively small investment cost. At present, the most mature technology in China is the fixed inclination installation method, which has a low initial investment and is basically maintenance-free in the bracket system. Secondly, the fixed and adjustable installation method, the domestic technology is basically mature, but the adjustable bracket increases with the adjustment angle, and the spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array should also increase, and then its floor area will also increase. According to the previous engineering experience, the ratio of the floor area of the standard unit with the best inclination angle of 1MW in winter of the adjustable bracket array to the floor area of the standard unit with the best inclination angle of 1MW in the whole year of the fixed bracket array is between 1.11~1.21 times. In addition, the cost of the adjustable bracket is higher than that of the fixed inclination type, and the power generation is higher than that of the fixed inclination type. Under the same conditions such as modules, inverters, and capacity ratios, different types of bracket schemes were compared, according to previous engineering experience

收益率：平单轴支架＞固定可调支架＞固定式支架；
Yield: Flat single-axis bracket > fixed adjustable bracket > fixed bracket;

项目总投资：平单轴支架＞固定可调支架＞固定式支架；
The total investment of the project: flat single-axis bracket> fixed adjustable bracket > fixed bracket;

发电量：平单轴支架＞固定可调支架＞固定式支架；
Power generation: flat uniaxial bracket> fixed adjustable bracket > fixed bracket;

各支架形式各有优缺点：固定式及固定可调支架初始投资较低且支架系统基本免维护；平单轴支架相比固定可调支架发电量有一定的提高，但初始投资较高，且维护工作量较大。
Each bracket form has its own advantages and disadvantages: fixed and fixed adjustable brackets have low initial investment and the stent system is basically maintenance-free; Compared with the fixed adjustable bracket, the power generation of the flat single-axis bracket is improved to a certain extent, but the initial investment is higher and the maintenance workload is larger.

结合本项目实际情况，从系统可靠性方面考虑，结合本项目高标准要求，同时考虑到场址区的实际条件，在发电可靠、成本控制的情况下，建议采用固定倾角式安装方式。
Combined with the actual situation of the project, from the perspective of system reliability, combined with the high standard requirements of the project, and considering the actual conditions of the site area, it is recommended to adopt the fixed inclination installation method under the condition of reliable power generation and cost control.

逆变器的选择
Selection of inverters

逆变器作为光伏发电系统中将直流电转换为交流电的关键设备之一，其选型对于发电系统的转换效率和可靠性具有重要作用。
As one of the key equipment to convert direct current into alternating current in photovoltaic power generation system, the selection of inverter plays an important role in the conversion efficiency and reliability of the power generation system.

由本次项目场址条件和资源特点可知其光伏发电系统存在以下限制因素：
From the site conditions and resource characteristics of this project, it can be seen that there are the following limiting factors for the photovoltaic power generation system:

（1）不同光伏组串的输出电压、电流往往会由于产品品质、交通运输、现场安装等外在客观因素而使失配性的机率增加，另由于天气、遮阴、污渍等原因而产生部分遮挡，都会使组串之间相互影响，导致发电量减少。
(1) The output voltage and current of different optical volt strings often increase the probability of mismatch due to external objective factors such as product quality, transportation, and on-site installation, and partial occlusion due to weather, shading, stains, etc., which will affect each other and reduce power generation.

（2）随着电站的运行时间延续，组件失配、衰减、虚接等原因，光伏组件自身的个体差异不断增大，也会对发电量造成影响。
(2) With the continuation of the operation time of the power station, the individual differences of photovoltaic modules continue to increase due to module mismatch, attenuation, virtual connection and other reasons, which will also affect the power generation.

光伏电站光伏区设计主要有三种方案：组串式逆变器方案、集中式逆变器方案、集散式逆变器方案。从单瓦造价角度看，集中式逆变器<集散式逆变器<组串式逆变器，组串式和集散式由于有多路MPPT追踪，在发电量上较集中式逆变器优势较为明显。而集散式与组串式相比，由于其MPPT追踪前移至智能汇流箱中，智能汇流箱中配置的熔丝与组串式逆变器中配置的直流断路器相比故障率较高，且由于集散式逆变器为集中逆变，若逆变器故障时，受影响组件较多，故而不可利用率较高。综合考虑组件与逆变器的匹配性，提高系统效率，节省投资等因素，本工程暂选用集中式逆变器。结合场址资源状况，本阶段建议采用300kW组串式逆变器。具体参数如下：
There are three main schemes for the design of photovoltaic areas of photovoltaic power stations: string inverter scheme, centralized inverter scheme, and distributed inverter scheme. From the perspective of single watt cost, centralized inverter < distributed inverter < string inverter, string type and distributed type due to multiple channelsMPPT tracking has obvious advantages over centralized inverters in terms of power generation. Compared with the string type, the distributed type is moved forward to the intelligent combiner box due to its MPPT tracking, and the fuse and string type configured in the intelligent combiner boxThe DC circuit breaker configured in the inverter has a higher failure rate than the inverter, and because the distributed inverter is a centralized inverter, if the inverter fails, there are many affected components, so the unavailability is high. Considering the compatibility between the module and the inverter, improving the system efficiency, saving investment and other factors, the centralized inverter is temporarily selected for this project. Combined with the site resource situation, it is recommended to use a 300kW string inverter at this stage. The specific parameters are as follows:

表3-2 300kW组串式逆变器设备技术参数
Table 3-2 Technical parameters of 300kW string inverter equipment

太阳电池方阵设计
Solar cell array design

太阳电池阵列子方阵设计的原则
Principles of solar array subarray design

（1）太阳电池组件串联形成的组串，其输出电压的变化范围必须在逆变器正常工作的允许输入电压范围内。
(1) The output voltage of the solar cell modules formed in series must change within the allowable input voltage range of the inverter's normal operation.

（2）并网逆变器直流输入侧连接的太阳电池组件的总功率应不大于该逆变器的额定输入功率。
(2) The total power of the solar cell module connected to the DC input side of the grid-connected inverter shall not be greater than the rated input power of the inverter.

（3）太阳电池组件串联后，其最高输出电压不允许超过太阳电池组件自身最高允许系统电压及逆变器最大允许的直流电压。
(3) After the solar cell module is connected in series, its maximum output voltage shall not exceed the maximum allowable system voltage of the solar cell module itself and the maximum allowable DC voltage of the inverter.

（4）各太阳电池组件至逆变器的直流部分电缆通路应尽可能短，以减少直流损耗。
(4) The cable path of the DC part of each solar cell module to the inverter should be as short as possible to reduce DC loss.

太阳电池组件的串、并联设计
Series and parallel design of solar cell modules

太阳电池组件串联的数量由逆变器的最高输入电压和最低工作电压、以及太阳电池组件允许的最大系统电压所确定。太阳能电池组串的并联数量由逆变器的额定容量确定。
The number of solar cell modules connected in series is determined by the highest input voltage and minimum operating voltage of the inverter, as well as the maximum system voltage allowed by the solar cell module. The number of parallel solar strings is determined by the rated capacity of the inverter.

电池组件串联数量计算：
Calculation of the number of battery modules in series:

…………………………………………（3.4-1）

其中：
Thereinto:

------光伏电池组件的开路电压（V）
------ the open-circuit voltage (V) of the photovoltaic cell module

T------光伏电池组件工作条件下的极限低温（℃）
Extreme low temperature (°C) under the operating conditions of ------ photovoltaic cell modules

------光伏电池组件的开路电压温度系数
------ the temperature coefficient of the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell module

S------光伏电池组件的串联数（S向下取整）
S ------ the number of series connections of the PV cell module (S rounded down).

------逆变器运行的最大直流输入电压（V）
The maximum DC input voltage (V) at which the inverter operates ------

经过计算：
Calculated:

（3.4-2）

电池阵列最佳倾角的计算
Calculation of the optimal inclination angle of the battery array

光伏阵列的安装倾角对光伏发电系统的效率影响较大，对于固定可调式电池列阵调节方案根据各月最佳倾角综合确定。
The installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic array has a great impact on the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the adjustment scheme of the fixed adjustable cell array is comprehensively determined according to the optimal inclination angle of each month.

计算倾斜面上的太阳辐射量，通常采用Klein计算方法。利用PVSYST软件，采用所选工程代表年的太阳辐射资料，选择固定倾角式及固定可调式相结合方案。经计算，本项目固定倾角式安装支架采用29°倾角。
The amount of solar radiation on an inclined plane is usually calculated using the Klein method. Using PVSYST software, the solar radiation data of the selected project representative years were used, and the combination of fixed inclination and fixed adjustable was selected. After calculation, the fixed inclination mounting bracket of this project adopts an inclination angle of 29°.

太阳能电池组串单元的排列方式及间距计算
Calculation of the arrangement and spacing of the solar cell string units

一个光伏组件串单元中光伏组件的排列方式有多种，本项目用地为未利用地，为保证装机容量并降低施工难度，同时兼顾接线方式，线缆用量，在工程计算的基础上，排布方案。推荐固定可调式采用2行13列竖向排布方案。
There are many ways to arrange photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic module string unit, and the land for this project is unused land, in order to ensure the installed capacity and reduce the difficulty of construction, while taking into account the wiring method and cable consumption, on the basis of engineering calculation, the layout scheme. It is recommended to use the fixed and adjustable type, and adopt the vertical arrangement scheme of 2 rows and 13 columns.

对于固定式太阳能方阵，必须考虑前、后排的阴影遮挡问题，并通过计算确定方阵间的距离或太阳能电池方阵与建筑物的距离。一般的确定原则是：冬至日当天早晨9:00至下午3:00的时间段内，太阳能电池方阵不应被遮挡。光伏电池阵列前后排间距依地形而变化。
For fixed solar arrays, the shadow occlusion of the front and rear rows must be considered, and the distance between the squares or the distance between the solar cell arrays and the building must be determined by calculation. The general principle of determination is that the solar cell array should not be obscured during the time period from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. on the day of the winter solstice. The spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array varies depending on the terrain.

容配比的选择
The choice of the tolerance ratio

容配比是指光伏电站中组件标称功率与逆变器额定输出功率的比例。光伏应用早期，系统一般按照1:1的容配比设计。光伏系统由于组件功率的衰减、灰尘遮挡、逆变器转换效率、光照条件差异以及器件、线路损耗等影响，导致逆变器交流侧不能满载运行，加之逆变器有一定的过载能力，造成了逆变器的容量浪费。一定程度的提升光伏组件容量（也称组件超配），将有助于提升系统的整体效益。针对电站容量按照直流侧统计，增加容配比的措施为减少交流侧容量配置，减少箱逆变的容量，从而降低投资。
The capacity-to-ratio ratio refers to the ratio of the nominal power of the module to the rated output power of the inverter in the PV power station. In the early stage of photovoltaic applications, the system is generally designed according to a 1:1 capacity ratio. Due to the attenuation of module power, dust shading, inverter conversion efficiency, differences in lighting conditions, and device and line losses, the AC side of the inverter cannot operate at full load, and the inverter has a certain overload capacity, resulting in a waste of inverter capacity. A certain degree of increase in PV module capacity (also known as module overallocation) will help improve the overall efficiency of the system. According to the statistics of the DC side of the power station capacity, the measures to increase the capacity ratio are to reduce the capacity configuration of the AC side and reduce the capacity of the box inverter, so as to reduce the investment.

对照《光伏发电系统效能规范》NB/T10394-2020中附录B.5内容可知,本项目水平面总辐照量为2203.2kWh/m²（7931.5MJ/m²），处在＞2000区间范围内，固定式支架的双面组件推荐容配比为1.1。在本次可研阶段，考虑光伏区用地面积较大，本项目采用容配比约为1.1。
According to the content of Appendix B.5 in the "Photovoltaic Power Generation System Efficiency Specification" NB/T10394-2020, it can be seen that the total horizontal irradiation of this project is 2203.2kWh/m² (7931.5 MJ/m²), which is within the range of >2000, and the recommended capacity ratio of the bifacial module of the fixed bracket is 11。 In this feasibility study stage, considering the large land area of the photovoltaic area, the capacity ratio of this project is about 11。

方阵接线方式设计
Phalanx wiring design

本工程直流侧装机容量为320.0184MWp，交流侧额定容量为289.8MW，采用720Wp N型TopCon单晶硅双面双玻组件+固定支架+300kW组串式逆变器方案。光伏场区共布置69个子阵，每个电池组串由26块720WpN型单晶高效双面太阳电池组件串联组成，每个子阵设14台台300kW组串式逆变器，每17-18串组串接入1台逆变器，每个子阵设1台4200kVA箱变，箱变将低压交流电升压至35kV。35kV箱变升压至35kV后采用分段串接汇流方式（第一台箱变高压侧电缆汇集到第二台箱变，依次汇集到下一台的方式）接入光伏400kV变电站内35kV配电室。
The installed capacity of the DC side of this project is 320.0184MWp, and the rated capacity of the AC side is 289.8MW, and the 720Wp N-type TopCon is adopted Monocrystalline silicon bifacial double-glass module + fixed bracket + 300kW string inverter solution. A total of 69 sub-arrays are arranged in the photovoltaic field area, and each cell string is composed of 26 720Wp N-type monocrystalline high-efficiency bifacial solar cell modules in series, and each sub-array There are 14 sets of 300kW string inverters, and every 17-18 strings are connected to one inverterEach sub-array is equipped with one 4200kVA box transformer, which boosts the low-voltage alternating current to 35kV. After the 35kV box transformer is boosted to 35kV, the segmented series connection confluence mode (the high-voltage side cables of the first box transformer are gathered to the second box transformer, and then converged to the next one) are connected to the 35kV in the photovoltaic 400kV substationSwitchroom.

每5-6台35kV变压器并联为1回集电线路，每回集电线路容量约25MW，以12回35kV集电线路接入拟建的400kV升压站。
Every 5-6 sets of 35kV transformers are connected in parallel for 1 collector line, and the capacity of each collector line is about 25MW, with 12 cycles of 35kVThe collector line is connected to the proposed 400kV booster station.

年上网电量估算
Estimated annual on-grid electricity

根据所选工程代表年倾斜面上各月平均太阳总辐射量可得出本工程月及年峰值日照小时数。
According to the average total solar radiation of each month on the slope of the selected project, the monthly and annual peak sunshine hours of the project can be obtained.

本工程选用单晶双面双玻N型720Wp组件，根据厂家提供资料，组件首年衰减1%，平均逐年衰减0.4%。光伏组件各年的衰减系数见表3-3：
According to the information provided by the manufacturer, the module attenuates by 1% in the first year and the average annual attenuation is 0.4%. The attenuation coefficient of PV modules in each year is shown in Table 3-3

表3-3单晶硅N型TopCon组件衰减系数表
Table 3-3 Attenuation coefficient of N-type TopCon monocrystalline silicon modules

结合本工程实际情况，结合组件背面发电量增益，计算出本项目运行期25年逐年年发电量，见表3-4。
Combined with the actual situation of the project and the power generation gain on the back of the module, the annual power generation of the project is calculated for 25 years, as shown in Table 3-4.

表3-4本项目运行期各年上网发电量计算统计表单位：万kW·h
Table 3-4 Calculation statistics of on-grid power generation in each year during the operation period of the project: 10,000 kW·h

计算结果：电站建成后第一年上网发电量为78935.58万kW•h。首年利用小时数为2106.80 h。在运行期25年内的年平均发电量为75108.40万kW•h，25年利用小时数为2004.66h。
The calculation results show that the on-grid power generation capacity in the first year after the completion of the power station is 789,355,800 kW•h. The utilization hours in the first year were 2106.80 h. The average annual power generation within 25 years of operation is 751,084,000 kW•h, and the 25-year utilization hours are 2,004.66h.

4.电气设计
4. Electrical design

4.1接入电力系统方案
4.1 Access to the power system scheme

伊朗的总装机发电厂标称容量（天然气、蒸汽、联合循环、水力发电和可再生能源）约为95GW，而负荷峰值约为85GW，负荷增长率约为每年8-9%。
Iran's total installed power plant nominal capacity (gas, steam, combined cycle, hydroelectric and renewables) is about 95GW, while the peak load is about 85GW, and the load growth rate is about 8-9% per year.

伊朗电网输电电压等级为400 kV和230 kV，次级输电电压等级分别为132 kV和63 kV。
The transmission voltage levels of the Iranian grid are 400 kV and 230 kV, and the secondary transmission voltage levels are 132 kV and 63 kV, respectively.

已确定每个拟建太阳能用地附近的高压变电站和输电线路以及网络扩建计划，并通过Digsilent Power Factory软件进行了网络研究。
High-voltage substations and transmission lines and network expansion plans have been identified in the vicinity of each proposed solar site, and a network study has been conducted through Digsilent Power Factory software.

一般来说，应在太阳能发电厂内建造具有适当变压器容量的高压变电站，电压等级为400、230和132 kV之一（根据工厂容量和附近的网络条件），并应通过已建成的输电线路连接到指定的网络变电所。本工程拟建一座400kV升压站，外送线路长度暂估12km。
In general, a high-voltage substation with an appropriate transformer capacity should be built within a solar power plant, with voltage levels of one of 400, 230 and 132 kV (depending on the plant capacity and nearby network conditions), and should be connected to the designated network substation by a built-up transmission line. In this project, a 400kV booster station is proposed, and the length of the transmission line is tentatively estimated to be 12km.

接入系统方案最终以接入系统批复意见为准。
The final access system plan is subject to the approval of the access system.

4.2电气一次
4.2 Electrical once

本项目新建1座 400kV升压站，本期升压站内建设1台 300MVA双绕组有载调压变压器， 400kV采用单母线接线，本期建设3回间隔，1回出线间隔、1回主变间隔和1回PT间隔，共计3回间隔。
In this project, a new 400kV booster station will be built, and a 300MVA double-winding on-load voltage regulating transformer will be built in the booster station in this phase, and the 400kV will be connected by a single bus, which will be constructed in this phase3 intervals, 1 outgoing interval, 1 main transformer interval, and 1 PT interval, a total of 3 intervals.

电气设备的布置考虑电气设备的可靠运行、方便检修维护、设备运输通道顺畅等因素。
The layout of electrical equipment considers factors such as reliable operation of electrical equipment, convenient maintenance and smooth transportation channels of electrical equipment.

箱式变压器安装在独立基础上，布置于道路两侧，电缆从基础的预留开孔进出高低压室。
The box-type transformer is installed on an independent foundation, arranged on both sides of the road, and the cables enter and exit the high and low voltage chambers from the reserved openings of the foundation.

组串式逆变器布置在电池板方阵中，户外安装。逆变器与箱变之间的电缆通过直埋方式相连。升压箱变与升压变电站之间的集电线路通过架空方式接入升压站。
The string inverter is arranged in a square array of solar panels and installed outdoors. The cable between the inverter and the box transformer is connected by direct burial. The collector line between the booster box transformer and the booster substation is connected to the booster station through overhead.

升压站站内的电缆、电缆构筑物布置时按就近连接电气设备、路径短、美观的原则，从整体出发，统筹规划，在平面和竖向上相互协调，远近结合，减少弯绕，减少交叉，同时考虑便于电缆施工及检修。
When the cables and cable structures in the booster station are arranged, according to the principle of connecting electrical equipment nearby, the path is short and beautiful, starting from the whole, the overall planning, coordinating with each other in the plane and vertical, combining far and near, reducing bending, reducing crossing, and considering the convenience of cable construction and maintenance.

电缆沟户外布置时，根据电气设备位置沿道路、建构筑物平行布置；户内布置时，35kV高压开关柜、0.4kV低压盘下（旁）等电缆较为集中的区域设置电缆沟、支沟，并与户外电缆沟相通。在电缆数量较少，且位置相对较近的地方则采用电缆埋管方案。
When the cable trench is arranged outdoors, it is arranged in parallel along the road and buildings according to the location of the electrical equipment; When the indoor layout is indoors, cable trenches and branch trenches are set up in areas where cables are more concentrated, such as 35kV high-voltage switchgear and 0.4kV low-voltage switchgear (side), and are connected with outdoor cable trenches. Where the number of cables is small and the location is relatively close, the cable burial scheme is used.

本工程光伏阵列中暂不配置避雷针等避雷装置。主要通过电池组件和支架与厂区接地网连接进行直击雷保护。
Lightning protection devices such as lightning rods are not configured in the photovoltaic array of this project. It is mainly connected with the grounding network of the plant through battery components and brackets for direct lightning protection.

电气设备的绝缘配合，参照国家标准GB11032《交流无间隙金属氧化物避雷器》、行业标准GB/T50064《交流电气装置的过电压保护绝缘配合设计规范》确定的原则进行选择。升压站主接地网以水平接地体为主，垂直接地体为辅，形成复合地网。在避雷器、避雷针及主变工作接地等处设垂直接地极作集中接地，并与主接地网连接。局部制作绝缘地面，绝缘地面采用卵石。
The insulation coordination of electrical equipment shall be selected with reference to the principles determined by the national standard GB11032 "AC Gapless Metal Oxide Arrester" and the industry standard GB/T50064 "Design Code for Overvoltage Protection Insulation Coordination of AC Electrical Installation". The main grounding network of the booster station is mainly based on the horizontal grounding body, supplemented by the vertical grounding body, forming a composite grounding network. In the lightning arrester, lightning rod and main transformer working grounding and other places set up vertical direct ground pole for centralized grounding, and connected with the main grounding network. Locally made of insulated ground, insulated ground made of pebbles.

工程照明分为正常照明和应急照明，不考虑设置警卫照明和障碍照明，应急照明分为备用照明和疏散照明。
Engineering lighting is divided into normal lighting and emergency lighting, and guard lighting and obstacle lighting are not considered, and emergency lighting is divided into backup lighting and evacuation lighting.

照明电源系统根据运行需要和事故处理时照明的重要性确定，其电源分交流站用电源和直流电源两种。正常照明电源取自交流站用电源；备用照明电源取自应急电源逆变装置（EPS），正常时由交流电源供电，交流电源消失时自动切换至直流蓄电池经逆变器供电；疏散照明由交流电源供电，交流电源消失时自动切换至自带的电池供电，连续供电时间为180分钟。
The lighting power supply system is determined according to the operation needs and the importance of lighting during accident handling, and its power supply is divided into two types: AC station power supply and DC power supply. The normal lighting power supply is taken from the power supply of the AC station; The standby lighting power supply is taken from the emergency power inverter device (EPS), which is powered by the AC power supply under normal conditions, and automatically switches to the DC battery when the AC power supply disappears and is powered by the inverter; The evacuation lighting is powered by an AC power supply, which automatically switches to its own battery power supply when the AC power disappears, and the continuous power supply time is 180 minutes.

4.3电气二次
4.3 Electrical secondary

（1）二次设备
(1) Secondary equipment

综合自动化系统站控层工作站和系统通信设备应统一布置在二次设备室。交流电流和交流电压回路、交流和直流回路、不同交流电压回路、强电和弱电回路，以及来自开关场电压互感器二次的四根引入线和电压互感器开口三角绕组的两根引入线均应使用各自独立的电缆。
The station control layer workstation and system communication equipment of the integrated automation system should be uniformly arranged in the secondary equipment room. AC current and AC voltage circuits, AC and DC circuits, different AC voltage circuits, strong and weak current circuits, as well as the four lead-in wires from the secondary switch-field voltage transformer and the two lead-in wires of the voltage transformer's open triangle winding should all use their own independent cables.

继电保护和安全自动装置应具备远方召唤定值、远方复归信号等功能。保护信号、故障录波启动信号等应具备远方遥控复归功能。继电保护和安全自动装置应具备记录远方操作功能，且必须保留必要的现场控制功能，现场控制优先级高于远方控制。
Relay protection and safety automatic devices should have functions such as remote summoning and fixed value, remote return signal, etc. Protection signals, fault recording start signals, etc. should have remote control and recovery functions. Relay protection and safety automatic devices should have the function of recording remote operation, and the necessary on-site control functions must be retained, and on-site control should be given priority over remote control.

场站所有保护动作信息、定值、定值区号、控制字、压板状态、切换把手状态、通道告警信息等运行状态和故障信息均应能够上传集控中心。保护功能压板应采用软压板方式，具备远方操作功能。场站应配置继电保护故障信息子站，继电保护动作信息应能自动、准确、完整、及时上传到继电保护故障信息子站、调度机构和集控中心。综合自动化系统应部署图形网关机，实现场站告警直传、远程浏览与控制功能。综合自动化系统信息采集应以电气间隔为单元进行连续采集。断路器、隔离开关和接地开关的位置信息采集宜采取双接点方式。场站防误闭锁装置应配置程序化控制功能，并同时具备常规单命令控制功能。
All the operation status and fault information of the station, such as the protection action information, the fixed value, the fixed area code, the control word, the status of the pressing plate, the status of the switching handle, and the channel alarm information, should be able to be uploaded to the centralized control center. The protective function pressure plate should be in the form of a soft pressure plate, with the function of remote operation. The station should be equipped with a relay protection fault information substation, and the relay protection action information should be automatically, accurately, completely, and timely uploaded to the relay protection fault information substation, dispatching agency and centralized control center. The integrated automation system should deploy a graphical gateway machine to realize the functions of direct transmission of station alarms, remote browsing and control. The information collection of the integrated automation system should be continuously collected in units with electrical intervals as the unit. The position information collection of circuit breakers, disconnectors and grounding switches should be in the form of double contacts. The station anti-mistaken locking device should be equipped with programmed control function, and at the same time have a conventional single command control function.

（2）监控系统
(2) Monitoring system

升压站内设置光伏电站监控系统，包括光伏发电监控系统和升压变电站集中监控系统。光伏电站监控系统的站控层设备包括操作员/工程师站，布置在主控室预制舱，远动通信设备等均布置在二层继电器室预制舱。
A photovoltaic power station monitoring system is set up in the booster station, including a photovoltaic power generation monitoring system and a centralized monitoring system for the booster substation. The station control layer equipment of the photovoltaic power station monitoring system includes an operator/engineer station, which is arranged in the prefabricated cabin of the main control room, and the telecontrol communication equipment is arranged in the prefabricated cabin of the relay room on the second floor.

光伏电站监控系统中光伏发电监控系统实现光伏发电、逆变设备、升压设备的监控；升压变电站集中监控系统实现升压站内电气设备监控，并作为光伏发电站全站的监控平台实现全站（包括光伏发电系统和升压站系统）的集中监控。
The photovoltaic power generation monitoring system in the photovoltaic power station monitoring system realizes the monitoring of photovoltaic power generation, inverter equipment and booster equipment; The centralized monitoring system of the booster substation realizes the monitoring of electrical equipment in the booster station, and realizes the centralized monitoring of the whole station (including the photovoltaic power generation system and the booster station system) as the monitoring platform of the whole station of the photovoltaic power station.

光伏发电监控系统预留接入华能远程集中控制生产调度中心的接口。
The photovoltaic power generation monitoring system reserves the interface to access the production dispatch center of Huaneng remote centralized control.

（3）继电保护
(3) Relay protection

本工程箱变高压侧采用断路器加隔离开关，低压侧采用带智能脱扣器的空气断路器，当变压器过载或相间短路时，由熔断器和低压侧电流脱扣器等实现保护功能。箱式变压器配置温度、油位、压力释放等非电量保护。
The high-voltage side of the box transformer in this project adopts a circuit breaker and an isolation switch, and the low-voltage side adopts an air circuit breaker with an intelligent tripper. The box-type transformer is equipped with non-electric protection such as temperature, oil level, and pressure release.

组串式逆变器为制造厂成套供货设备，具有孤岛效应保护、直流过电压/过流保护、极性反接保护、短路保护、接地保护（具有故障检测功能）、交流欠压/过压保护、过载保护、过热保护、过频/欠频保护、三相不平衡保护及报警、相位保护以及对地电阻监测和报警功能。
String inverters are complete sets of equipment supplied to the manufacturer, with islanding protection, DC overvoltage/overcurrent protection, reverse polarity protection, short circuit protection, grounding protection (with fault detection function), AC undervoltage/overvoltage protection, overload protection, overtemperature protection, overfrequency/underfrequency protection, three-phase unbalance protection and alarm, phase protection, and ground resistance monitoring and alarm functions.

（4）图像监视及安全警卫系统
(4) Image surveillance and security guard system

电站设置一套图像监视及安全警卫系统，实现对主要设备运行状态及电站安全防卫环境的图像监控。图像监视及安全警卫系统设备包括视频服务器、终端监视器、多画面分割器、录像设备、摄像机、云台、防护罩、编码器及沿升压变电站围墙四周设置安全警卫系统等。其中视频服务器等后台设备按全站最终规模配置，并留有远方监视的接口。就地摄像头按分期建设规模配置。
The power station is equipped with a set of image monitoring and security guard system to realize the image monitoring of the operation status of the main equipment and the safety and defense environment of the power station. The image monitoring and security system equipment includes video servers, terminal monitors, multi-view splitters, video recording equipment, cameras, PTZ, protective covers, encoders and security guard systems set up around the fence of the step-up substation. Among them, the back-end equipment such as the video server is configured according to the final scale of the whole site, and there is an interface for remote monitoring. The in-situ camera is configured according to the phased construction scale.

该系统对全站主要电气设备、建筑物及周边环境进行全天候的图像监视，满足生产运行对安全巡视的要求。
The system conducts all-weather image monitoring of the main electrical equipment, buildings and surrounding environment of the whole station to meet the requirements of safety inspection for production and operation.

通过目标区域的电子围栏及室外快球，对变电站围墙、大门进行全方位布防监视，不留死角和盲区。如有翻越围墙，则报警处理；大门有人、车出入，则发出铃声通知运行人员。
Through the electronic fence and outdoor fastball in the target area, the substation fence and gate are monitored in an all-round way, leaving no dead corners and blind spots. If there is a fence, the alarm will be called; When people enter and exit the gate and cars enter and exit, a bell will be issued to notify the operating personnel.

通过安装在室内的摄像机监视预制舱等设备的运行及周边环境情况。
Cameras installed indoors monitor the operation of prefabricated cabins and other equipment and the surrounding environment.

每个箱变周围装设视频监控系统摄像头1 个，在升压站中控室操作台上完成对本期光伏阵列的监控。
One video surveillance system camera is installed around each box transformer, and the monitoring of the current photovoltaic array is completed on the operating table in the central control room of the booster station.

该系统具有与火灾和防盗报警的联动功能。
The system has a linkage function with fire and burglar alarms.

4.4电缆敷设
4.4 Cable laying

本项目光伏阵列区直流及低压交流电缆均采用直埋敷设的方式，35kV交流电缆采用直埋及架空结合方式，升压站电缆均采用电缆沟及埋管敷设。所有走线及穿管尽量做到横平竖直，力求布线美观。
The DC and low-voltage AC cables in the photovoltaic array area of this project are laid in the direct burial mode, the 35kV AC cables are directly buried and overhead combined, and the cables of the booster station are laid in cable trenches and buried pipes. All traces and pipes should be horizontal and vertical as much as possible, and strive to make the wiring beautiful.

5 土建工程
5 Civil works

5.1 设计标准
5.1 Design Standards

表5.1-1 建构筑物结构安全等级
Table 5.1-1 Structural safety level of buildings

5.2 光伏支架及基础设计
5.2 Photovoltaic bracket and foundation design

5.2.1 电池组件阵列支架设计
5.2.1 Design of battery module array bracket

在各种荷载组合下，支架应满足规范对强度、刚度、稳定等各项指标要求。设计时可采用25年一遇十分钟年平均最大风速作为设计依据，确保支架系统安全、稳定。
Under various load combinations, the bracket should meet the requirements of the code for strength, stiffness, stability and other indicators. The design can be based on the annual average maximum wind speed of 10 minutes once in 25 years to ensure the safety and stability of the support system.

依据《光伏支架结构设计规程》NB/T 10115-2018地面光伏支架基础设计时应按照50年重现期确定基本风压、基本雪压。地面光伏支架设计时应按照25年重现期确定基本风压、基本雪压。
According to the "Code for the Design of Photovoltaic Mounting Structures", NB/T 10115-2018, the basic wind pressure and basic snow pressure should be determined according to the 50-year return period when designing the foundation of ground photovoltaic supports. When designing ground-mounted photovoltaic supports, the basic wind pressure and basic snow pressure should be determined according to the 25-year return period.

光伏支架结构整体设计时整体体型系数、光伏支架结构构件连接设计时局部体型系数按照《光伏支架结构设计规程》NB/T 10115-2018选取。
The overall shape coefficient of the photovoltaic bracket structure and the local shape coefficient of the connection design of the photovoltaic bracket structural components are selected in accordance with the "Code for the Design of Photovoltaic Bracket Structure" NB/T 10115-2018.

组串的固定支架由前后立柱、斜梁及檩条和斜撑（或拉梁）组成。
The fixed bracket of the string is composed of front and rear columns, oblique beams and purlins and diagonal braces (or pull beams).

支架的连接方式在斜梁上布置檩条，用于直接承受电池组件的重量。斜梁固定于支架柱的节点板上。组件长边各有二个点与檩条连接，一块电池组件共有四个点与檩条固定。电池组件与檩条的连接采用螺栓连接，配加双面垫圈。
The bracket is connected in such a way that purlins are arranged on the inclined beams and are used to directly bear the weight of the battery assembly. The diagonal beam is fixed to the gusset plate of the bracket column. There are two points on the long side of the module that are connected to the purlin, and a battery module has a total of four points that are fixed with the purlin. The connection between the battery module and the purlin is bolted and equipped with a double-sided washer.

5.2.2 光伏阵列支架基础设计
5.2.2 Basic design of photovoltaic array support

根据工程所在地的地质条件和气候条件，以相关规范为参考依据，合理选择支架基础型式并进行基础的抗滑移、抗倾覆、抗拔验算，必要时尚需进行地基处理和地基承载力变形验算。要本着环保理念，按照减少开挖、减轻对地表土的扰动、机械化作业便利的思路进行支架基础设计，并根据地质报告采取必要的防腐措施。
According to the geological conditions and climatic conditions of the project location, based on the relevant specifications, the bracket foundation type is reasonably selected and the anti-slip, anti-overturning and uplift verification of the foundation is carried out. In line with the concept of environmental protection, the design of the bracket foundation should be carried out in accordance with the ideas of reducing excavation, reducing the disturbance of surface soil, and facilitating mechanized operation, and necessary anti-corrosion measures should be taken according to the geological report.

根据目前光伏发电工程建设经验，主要采用的基础类型有钢筋混凝土独立基础、条形基础、普通桩基础（包括钢筋混凝土钻孔灌注桩和螺旋钢桩）和预应力混凝土管桩等，各种类型基础特点如下：
According to the current experience in the construction of photovoltaic power generation projects, the main types of foundations used are reinforced concrete independent foundations, strip foundations, ordinary pile foundations (including reinforced concrete bored piles and spiral steel piles) and prestressed concrete pipe piles, etc., and the characteristics of various types of foundations are as follows:

a）钢筋混凝土独立基础，是最早采用也是通用于各种地质地形的支架基础形式，一根钢立柱下一个，由底部扩大基础及其上一定长度的短柱组成，内部构造配筋。其形式简单，技术成熟，但是其工程量大，人工多，施工周期长，对西部脆弱的生态环境破坏较大，且易造成施工现场扬尘。
a) Reinforced concrete independent foundation, is the earliest use is also commonly used in a variety of geological terrain support foundation form, a steel column under the bottom, by the bottom of the expanded foundation and a certain length of short columns on it, internal structure reinforcement. Its form is simple and the technology is mature, but its engineering quantity is large, the labor is many, the construction period is long, the damage to the fragile ecological environment in the west is greater, and it is easy to cause dust on the construction site.

b）钢筋混凝土条形基础
b) Reinforced concrete strip foundation

钢筋混凝土条形基础一般直接放在地表或浅埋，钢支架前后立柱均生根于其上，基本上靠混凝土自重平衡风荷载作用下产生的上拔力，内部配置一定数量钢筋。其形式简单，施工方便，但工程量大，人工多，混凝土用量较大，需要大规模支模养护成本较大。且对单立柱支架适应性不强。
The reinforced concrete strip foundation is generally directly placed on the surface or shallow buried, and the front and rear columns of the steel support are rooted on it, and basically rely on the upward pulling force generated by the concrete self-weight balance wind load, and a certain number of steel bars are configured inside. Its form is simple, and the construction is convenient, but the amount of engineering is large, the labor is more, the amount of concrete is larger, and the maintenance cost of large-scale formwork support is larger. And the adaptability to the single column bracket is not strong.

c）螺旋钢桩基础
c) Spiral steel pile foundation

螺旋钢桩基础，施工快捷，无土方开挖量，但基础用钢量较大，对基础施工垂直度要求较高且需要专门的施工机械。钢桩地下部分遇到腐蚀环境介质容易产生腐蚀，影响结构安全性，对地基土质也要求较高。本工程所在场址区地基土为卵石，螺旋钢桩施工时压桩困难，钢桩损坏率较高，甚至可能无法施工，同时单立柱用钢量较大，整体造价相对较高。因此不适合采用螺旋钢桩基础型式。
Spiral steel pile foundation, fast construction, no earthwork excavation, but the amount of steel used in the foundation is large, the verticality of the foundation construction is required to be higher and special construction machinery is required. The underground part of the steel pile is prone to corrosion when it encounters a corrosive environment medium, which affects the safety of the structure, and also has high requirements for the soil quality of the foundation. The foundation soil in the site area where the project is located is pebbles, and it is difficult to press the pile during the construction of the spiral steel pile, and the damage rate of the steel pile is higher, and it may even fail to be constructed, and the amount of steel used in a single column is larger, and the overall cost is relatively high. Therefore, it is not suitable to adopt the spiral steel pile foundation type.

d）混凝土灌注桩基础
d) Concrete cast-in-place pile foundation

钢筋混凝土灌注桩基础，成孔较为方便，混凝土和钢筋用量小，钻孔孔径较小对环境地表原有植被破坏较小，施工快捷，既能满足稳定的要求又经济实用，为目前光伏电站支架基础的首选型式。采用灌注桩基础，上部钢柱与灌注桩基础采用预埋螺栓连接，螺栓准确定位后进行现场浇筑。浇筑完成后进行养护，施工浇筑工序简单。根据目前大量光伏电站的实际应用情况，目前的施工工艺和浇筑措施可满足光伏支架对基础施工质量的控制要求。
Reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile foundation, the hole formation is more convenient, the amount of concrete and steel bar is small, the borehole diameter is smaller, the damage to the original vegetation on the environmental surface is small, the construction is fast, it can meet the requirements of stability and is economical and practical, and it is the preferred type of photovoltaic power station support foundation at present. The cast-in-place pile foundation is adopted, and the upper steel column and the cast-in-place pile foundation are connected by embedded bolts, and the bolts are accurately positioned and poured on site. After the pouring is completed, the maintenance is carried out, and the construction and pouring process is simple. According to the actual application of a large number of photovoltaic power stations, the current construction technology and pouring measures can meet the control requirements of photovoltaic brackets for the quality control of foundation construction.

e）预应力混凝土管桩
e) Prestressed concrete pipe piles

采用预应力混凝土管桩基础，基础施工采用机械设备静压入土方式，施工便捷，无开挖量，施工更简便快捷，无需混凝土浇筑和支模养护，无需湿作业，对周围环境影响更小，可节省工期基础施工效率较高，但当土层含有砾石时压桩困难整体造价相对较高。
The prestressed concrete pipe pile foundation is adopted, and the foundation construction adopts the mechanical equipment static pressure into the soil mode, the construction is convenient, there is no amount of excavation, the construction is simpler and faster, there is no need for concrete pouring and formwork maintenance, there is no need for wet operation, the impact on the surrounding environment is smaller, the construction efficiency of the foundation can be saved, but when the soil layer contains gravel, it is difficult to press the pile, and the overall cost is relatively high.

从环保、进度、造价、现场地质条件以及实际应用情况等多方面因素考虑，本工程支架基础推荐采用钢筋混凝土微孔灌注桩或预应力混凝土管桩。
Considering many factors such as environmental protection, progress, cost, on-site geological conditions and actual application, it is recommended to use reinforced concrete microporous cast-in-place piles or prestressed concrete pipe piles for the support foundation of this project.

5.2.3 组串式逆变器
5.2.3 String inverters

组串式逆变器采用直挂式，在支架某个立柱上，通过多道抱箍与立柱相连，同时立柱设计时应考虑到此部分荷载。
The string inverter adopts a straight-hung type, which is connected to the column through multiple hoops on a column of the support, and this part of the load should be taken into account when the column is designed.

5.2 箱变基础
5.2 Box change foundation

箱变基础采用现浇钢筋混凝土箱型基础，高于地面0.8m左右，箱变基础的设计须满足稳定、承载、变形的要求。
The box substation foundation adopts cast-in-place reinforced concrete box foundation, which is about 0.8m higher than the ground, and the design of the box substation foundation must meet the requirements of stability, bearing and deformation.

5.3 400kV升压站
5.3 400kV booster station

5.3.1 升压站总图运输设计
5.3.1 General plan transportation design of booster station

（1）升压站的站址选择，应根据场内光伏子阵布置、集电线路设计、场内道路布置，结合接入系统设计的要求全面综合考虑。
(1) The site selection of the booster station should be comprehensively considered according to the layout of the photovoltaic sub-array, the design of the collector line, and the layout of the road in the field, combined with the requirements of the access system design.

（2）站址选择，应充分考虑节约用地，合理使用土地。
(2) In the selection of the site, full consideration should be given to saving land and using land reasonably.

（3）站址应充分考虑场区内已有线路、出线条件，避免或减少架空线路相互交叉跨越。
(3) The site should fully consider the existing lines and outgoing conditions in the field to avoid or reduce the cross-crossing of overhead lines.

（4）站址应交通运输方便，尽可能靠近公路，减少天气对交通的影响。
(4) The station site should be convenient for transportation, as close to the highway as possible, to reduce the impact of weather on traffic.

（5）站址应具有适宜的地质、地形条件。
(5) The site should have suitable geological and topographic conditions.

（6）避让重点保护的自然区和人文遗址，也不应设在有重要开采价值的矿藏上。
(6) Avoid key protected natural areas and cultural sites, and should not be located on mineral deposits with important mining value.

（7）站区场地设计标高宜高于频率为1%的洪水水位或历史最高内涝水位。
(7) The design elevation of the station area should be higher than the flood level with a frequency of 1% or the highest waterlogging level in history.

（8）站址附近应有生产生活用水的可靠水源。
(8) There should be a reliable source of water for production and domestic water near the station site.

（9）应考虑升压站与邻近设施、周围环境的相互影响与协调。
(9) The interaction and coordination between the booster station and the adjacent facilities and the surrounding environment should be considered.

（10）选址时应充分利用就近城镇的各方面设施，为职工生活提供方便。
(10) When selecting the site, we should make full use of all aspects of the facilities in the nearby towns to provide convenience for the lives of employees.

站区布置功能分区明确，相互干扰小，生产工艺系统联系顺畅，总平面布置紧凑，站内设有环形道路，将升压站分为生产区和生活区。升压站生产区布置有配电装置区、GIS、一次预制舱、电气二次舱、事故油池以及SVG设备，生活区布置有综合楼、危废品库、附属用房、化粪池以及地埋式污水处理设备等。站内道路布置以满足站区生产、检修和消防为原则，道路采用5.5m宽混凝土道路，主变和35kV及站用配电室、事故油池四周设5.5m宽混凝土消防环道，转弯半径为12米。构支架区、主变区铺设碎石，其余区域应铺砌混凝土硬化地坪。
The layout of the station area has clear functional partitions, small mutual interference, smooth connection of the production process system, compact general layout, and a ring road in the station, which divides the booster station into production area and living area. The production area of the booster station is equipped with a power distribution device area, GIS, a prefabricated cabin, an electrical secondary cabin, an accident oil pool and SVG equipment, and the living area is equipped with a comprehensive building, a hazardous waste warehouse, an ancillary room, a septic tank and buried sewage treatment equipment. The road layout in the station is based on the principle of production, maintenance and fire protection in the station area, and the road adopts a 5.5m wide concrete road, with a 5.5m wide concrete fire ring around the main transformer and 35kV, the station power distribution room and the accident oil pool, and the turning radius is 12 meters. The frame area and the main transformer area should be paved with gravel, and the rest of the area should be paved with concrete hardened floor.

5.3.2 升压站结构设计
5.3.2 Structural design of booster station

表5.3-1主要建构筑物结构安全等级
Table 5.3-1 Structural safety levels of major buildings

1、综合楼：综合楼结构形式为地上二层钢筋混凝土框架结构，结构设计使用年限50年，抗震设防烈度8度，按8度采取构造措施，结构安全等级为二级。地基基础设计等级为丙级。采用柱下独立基础，现浇梁板，基础埋深约2.5m，混凝土材料为C30，钢筋为HRB400三级钢。
1. Comprehensive building: The structure of the comprehensive building is a two-story reinforced concrete frame structure on the ground, with a design service life of 50 years, a seismic fortification intensity of 8 degrees, structural measures are taken according to 8 degrees, and the structural safety level is level 2. The design grade of the foundation is C. The independent foundation under the column, cast-in-place beam slab, the foundation is buried to a depth of about 2.5m, the concrete material is C30, and the steel bar is HRB400 grade steel.

2、附属用房（消防水泵房）
2. Ancillary room (fire pump room).

附属用房结构形式为地上一层钢筋混凝土框架结构、地下一层钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构，结构设计使用年限50年，抗震设防烈度8度，按8度采取构造措施，结构安全等级为二级。地基基础设计等级为丙级。采用钢筋混凝土筏板基础，现浇梁板，凝土材料为C30，钢筋为HRB400三级钢。
The structure of the ancillary building is a reinforced concrete frame structure on the ground and a reinforced concrete shear wall structure on the ground floor, with a design service life of 50 years, a seismic fortification intensity of 8 degrees, and structural measures are taken according to 8 degrees, and the structural safety level is level 2. The design grade of the foundation is C. The reinforced concrete raft foundation is adopted, the cast-in-place beam slab, the concrete material is C30, and the steel bar is HRB400 grade steel.

3、电气预制舱基础：
3. Electrical prefabricated cabin foundation:

预制舱结构设计使用年限50 年，按8度采取构造措施，结构安全等级为二级。采用箱型基础或条形基础形式。
The prefabricated cabin structure is designed to have a service life of 50 years, and structural measures are taken according to 8 degrees, and the structural safety level is level 2. It is in the form of a box foundation or a strip foundation.

5、其余各类预制舱基础：
5. Other types of prefabricated cabin foundations:

接地变成套装置预制舱、SVG舱等基础。采用箱型基础或条形基础形式。
Grounding becomes the foundation of prefabricated cabins and SVG cabins. It is in the form of a box foundation or a strip foundation.

6、屋外配电装置
6. Outdoor power distribution device

屋外配电装置进出线构架采用人字柱和带端撑人字柱结构型式，柱采用φ400钢管杆，横梁采用钢管杆式钢梁。梁与柱采用螺栓连接。母线及配电设备支架采用等径钢管杆结构。设备支架横梁采用型钢，材料均为Q235B，焊条为E43或E50。避雷针采用变径钢管结构。
The inlet and outlet line frame of the outdoor power distribution device adopts the structure type of herringbone column and herringbone column with end brace, the column adopts φ400 steel pipe rod, and the beam adopts steel pipe rod steel beam. The beams and columns are bolted. The bus bar and power distribution equipment bracket are constructed with equal diameter steel pipe rods. The beam of the equipment bracket is made of section steel, the material is Q235B, and the welding rod is E43 or E50. The lightning rod adopts a variable diameter steel pipe structure.

所有钢构件均采用整体热镀锌防腐。钢结构支架尽量采用螺栓连接，避免现场焊接，现场安装时镀锌层局部破坏处，均采用热喷锌补漆。
All steel components are made of integral hot-dip galvanized anti-corrosion. The steel structure bracket should be bolted as far as possible to avoid on-site welding, and the local damage of the galvanized layer during on-site installation should be repaired with hot spray zinc paint.