The belief that more physical activity directly translates to more calories burned is rooted in a simplistic understanding of how energy expenditure works. This belief has been widely accepted because it aligns with the straightforward logic that physical activity requires energy, so increasing activity should increase energy expenditure.认为更多的身体活动直接导致燃烧更多卡路里，源于对能量消耗工作方式过于简单的理解。这种信念之所以被广泛接受，是因为它符合直观的逻辑：身体活动需要能量，因此增加活动应该增加能量消耗。

However, the relationship between physical activity and calorie burning is more complex than this linear assumption. Here are a few reasons why this belief has persisted despite evidence to the contrary:然而，身体活动与卡路里消耗之间的关系比这种线性假设更复杂。 以下是一些尽管有证据表明相反，但这一信念仍然存在的理由：

1. Simplistic Energy Balance Models: Traditional models of energy balance (calories in vs. calories out) have often been oversimplified. These models assume that increasing physical activity will directly and proportionately increase the number of calories burned, which seems logical on the surface. This model has been widely used in public health messages and fitness advice.简化的能量平衡模型：传统的能量平衡模型（卡路里摄入与消耗）常常过于简单化。这些模型假设增加身体活动会直接且成比例地增加燃烧的卡路里数量，这表面上看起来很合理。这种模型被广泛应用于公共卫生信息和健身建议中。

2. Immediate vs. Long-term Effects: In the short term, physical activity does increase calorie expenditure. However, over time, the body adapts to increased activity levels. This adaptation can include metabolic adjustments that reduce the amount of calories burned during and after exercise. This concept, known as the "constrained energy model," suggests that the body has a relatively fixed daily energy expenditure, regardless of activity levels.立即 vs 长期影响：短期内，体育活动确实会增加卡路里消耗。然而，随着时间的推移，身体会适应更高的活动水平。这种适应可能包括代谢调整，从而减少运动前后燃烧的卡路里数量。这个概念被称为“能量限制模型”，它表明无论活动水平如何，人体每天的能量消耗相对固定。

3. Overemphasis on Exercise for Weight Loss: Exercise has been heavily promoted as a key strategy for weight loss, which reinforces the idea that more exercise equals more calories burned. While exercise has many health benefits, its role in weight loss is often overstated compared to diet.过度强调运动减肥：运动一直被宣传为减肥的关键策略，强化了“运动量越大，燃烧的热量越多”的观念。虽然运动有很多健康益处，但与饮食相比，它在减肥中的作用往往被夸大了。

4. Research Dissemination: While research challenging the simplistic view of energy expenditure has been around for over a decade, it takes time for new scientific ideas to permeate public understanding. Research from as early as 2010 began to show that the relationship between physical activity and calorie expenditure is not straightforward, but these findings have only gradually influenced mainstream thinking.研究传播：尽管挑战简单能量消耗观点的研究已经存在十年之久，但新科学思想需要时间才能深入公众理解。早在 2010 年的研究就表明，身体活动与卡路里消耗之间的关系并不直接，但这些发现只逐渐影响了主流思维。

5. Marketing and Fitness Industry: The fitness industry has a vested interest in promoting the idea that more exercise leads to more calories burned, as it supports the sale of workout programs, gym memberships, and fitness gadgets. This message is appealing because it offers a seemingly simple solution to weight management.市场营销和健身行业：健身行业有促进“运动量越多，消耗的卡路里越多”这一观念的利益，因为它支持销售健身计划、健身房会员资格和健身器材。这个信息吸引人，因为它提供了一种看似简单的体重管理解决方案。

6. Cognitive Biases: People tend to favor simple explanations and solutions, and the idea that "more exercise = more calories burned" is easier to understand and apply than more complex models that account for metabolic adaptation and other factors.认知偏差：人们倾向于选择简单解释和解决方案，而“运动量越多，燃烧的热量越多”这个想法比考虑代谢适应和其他因素的更复杂模型更容易理解和应用。

While research has shown that the relationship between physical activity and calorie burning is more nuanced, the idea that more activity directly equals more calories burned remains widespread due to these factors.虽然研究表明运动与卡路里消耗之间的关系更为复杂，但由于这些因素，更多活动直接等于燃烧更多卡路里的观念仍然很普遍。

When elevated daily physical activity does not result in a proportional increase in total calorie expenditure, it suggests that the body is compensating by reducing energy use elsewhere. This phenomenon is part of what is known as the "constrained total energy expenditure" model. Here's how the body might adjust:当每天的体力活动增加，但总热量消耗没有成比例增加时，表明身体通过减少其他地方的能量使用来补偿。这种现象被称为“受限总能量消耗”模型的一部分。以下是身体可能调整的方式：

1. Reduction in Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)非运动活动热产（NEAT）减少

• NEAT refers to the energy expended for everything that is not sleeping, eating, or planned exercise, such as fidgeting, maintaining posture, or even small movements during daily activities.NEAT 指的是除了睡眠、进食和计划性锻炼以外，所有其他活动消耗的能量，例如打哈欠、维持姿势或日常活动中的微小动作。
• When a person increases their intentional exercise, the body may subconsciously reduce NEAT to conserve energy. For example, someone who exercises vigorously might fidget less or spend more time sitting than they would on days they don’t exercise.当一个人增加有意识的运动量时，身体可能会下意识地减少 NEAT 来节省能量。例如，剧烈运动的人可能活动更少或坐的时间更长，而不是在没有锻炼的日子里。

2. Decreased Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

• BMR is the energy the body uses at rest to maintain vital functions like breathing, circulation, and cell production.BMR 是人体在静止状态下维持生命功能（如呼吸、循环和细胞生成）所需的能量。
• Prolonged high levels of physical activity may lead to a slight reduction in BMR as the body becomes more efficient at these functions or as it downregulates certain physiological processes to conserve energy.长时间的高强度身体活动可能会导致基础代谢率（BMR）略有下降，因为身体在这些功能方面变得更加高效，或者因为它下调某些生理过程以节省能量。

3. Changes in the Immune System3. 免疫系统变化

• The body might allocate fewer resources to immune functions, slightly reducing the energy expenditure devoted to maintaining immune surveillance and response.身体可能分配更少的资源给免疫功能，略微减少用于维持免疫监视和反应的能量消耗。
• This is a trade-off, as conserving energy for immediate physical demands could come at the cost of long-term health if immune function is compromised.这是一种权衡，因为为了满足眼前的体力需求而节约能量可能会损害长期健康，因为免疫功能会受到损害。

4. Reduction in Reproductive Function4. 生殖功能下降

• In extreme cases, especially in situations of chronic energy deficit (e.g., in athletes or individuals with very high physical demands), the body might downregulate reproductive functions. This can be seen in conditions like hypothalamic amenorrhea, where women stop menstruating due to energy conservation.在极端情况下，尤其是在慢性能量赤字的情况下（例如运动员或身体需求非常高的人），身体可能会降低生殖功能。这可以在下丘脑闭经等疾病中看到，女性由于节能而停止月经。

5. Cognitive Function Adjustments

• While the brain is highly energy-demanding, it's less likely to make significant cuts in its energy use. However, in some cases, there might be subtle shifts in cognitive function—like reduced focus or increased feelings of fatigue—when the body is under significant energy constraints.虽然大脑对能量需求很高，但不太可能大幅减少能源消耗。然而，在某些情况下，当身体处于严重的能量限制下时，可能会出现一些认知功能的微妙变化——例如注意力下降或疲劳感加剧。
• This doesn’t mean that the brain "powers down," but rather that it might optimize its processes to conserve energy, possibly resulting in slower reaction times or less intensive cognitive engagement.这并不意味着大脑“完全关闭”，而是它可能优化其过程以节省能量，这可能会导致反应时间变慢或认知参与程度降低。

6. Thermoregulation Adjustments

• The body might become more efficient at thermoregulation, slightly reducing the amount of energy spent on maintaining body temperature, especially in environments where temperature is controlled or where the body adapts to consistent physical activity.身体可能在体温调节方面更加高效，从而略微减少维持体温所需的能量消耗，尤其是在温度受控的环境中或身体适应持续的体力活动时。

7. Suppression of Growth and Repair Processes生长和修复过程的抑制

• The body might allocate less energy to tissue growth, repair, and cellular maintenance. This is particularly relevant in situations of prolonged energy deficit, where muscle recovery might be slower, or healing processes are delayed.身体可能会将更多的能量分配给组织生长、修复和细胞维护。这种情况在长时间能量不足的情况下尤其明显，在这种情况下肌肉恢复可能更慢，或愈合过程延迟。

8. Behavioral and Psychological Adjustments

• On a psychological level, people might feel more tired and less motivated to engage in spontaneous or non-essential activities, which can also contribute to a reduction in overall energy expenditure.在心理层面上，人们可能会感到更加疲倦，缺乏动力去参与自发或非必需的活动，这也会导致整体能量消耗减少。

These compensatory mechanisms allow the body to maintain a relatively stable total energy expenditure, even when physical activity levels rise significantly. While these adjustments are beneficial for energy balance, they can complicate efforts to use exercise alone as a strategy for weight loss.这些补偿机制使身体能够在体力活动水平显著提高时，维持相对稳定的总能量消耗。虽然这些调整有利于能量平衡，但它们会使仅依靠运动作为减重策略变得复杂化。