A comparative analysis of smart city population management in Shanghai and New York

A comparative analysis of smart city population management in Shanghai and New York

Abstract: With the acceleration of global urbanization, the construction of smart cities has become an important direction of urban development. As international metropolises, Shanghai and New York have their own characteristics and challenges in smart city population management. This paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the two cities in terms of population data collection and analysis, population flow management, precise provision of public services, and residents' participation, aiming to provide a reference for further optimizing the population management strategy of smart cities, and at the same time draw on international experience to promote the sustainable development of related fields in Shanghai.

Keywords: Shanghai; New York; smart cities; Population management

I. Introduction

Shanghai is China's economic center and an international metropolis, with a huge population and a complex and diverse population structure. New York, the largest city in the United States, is also home to people from all over the world. Under the wave of smart cities, how to use advanced technology to efficiently manage the population, improve the efficiency of urban operation and the quality of life of residents has become the focus of common attention of the two places. Through comparative analysis, we can learn from each other's strengths and provide new ideas for city managers.

2. Population data collection and analysis

Shanghai

Shanghai has built a multi-departmental coordinated data collection system, and the public security, civil affairs, human resources and social security, health and other departments collect various data such as identity information, employment status, and medical records of the registered population, permanent resident population, and floating population through the government affairs information system. Use the big data platform to integrate these fragmented data to form a comprehensive population database. For example, through the "All in One Network" platform, the data of residents when they handle various affairs is automatically collected, providing a basis for population portraits. At the analysis level, based on artificial intelligence algorithms, the value of data is mined, and the changes in the demand for elderly care services are predicted by the population growth trend and the deepening of the aging degree, so as to provide a basis for urban planning and resource allocation.

New York

New York City has a comprehensive census mechanism that combines a comprehensive census every 10 years with annual sample surveys to cover multi-dimensional information such as housing, ethnicity, and income, and accurately grasp population dynamics. At the same time, with the help of commercial data resources, such as credit card consumption data and telecom operator data, we can gain insight into the micro-level information such as the daily consumption patterns and travel habits of the population. Tech giants such as Google and Amazon have partnered with the government to leverage their powerful data analytics capabilities to assist cities in analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of populations, and optimizing business layouts and transportation planning, such as optimizing the frequency of subway departures based on high-traffic areas during the morning rush hour.

3. Population flow management

Shanghai

In transportation hubs such as Hongqiao Hub, Shanghai Railway Station and other places, high-definition cameras and facial recognition devices are deployed, combined with ID card verification, to monitor passenger flow in real time and accurately identify the characteristics of inflow and outflow population. Relying on urban traffic big data, the daily commuter flow trend is analyzed, and the tidal population flow is accurately regulated. For example, in order to cope with the influx of a large number of outsiders during the Expo, temporary accommodation and traffic control plans were planned in advance, and intelligent traffic guidance systems were used to evacuate people to ensure the orderly operation of the city. Through mobile phone signaling data, track the trajectory of the floating population, and give timely warnings when abnormal gatherings are found, so as to maintain social security.

New York

The New York Police Department uses intelligent monitoring network and big data analysis software to monitor the flow of people in densely populated areas such as Manhattan and Brooklyn, focusing on the flow of people in high-crime neighborhoods to prevent crimes. Airport and port customs use advanced biometric technology to quickly screen the identity risks of inbound personnel, share data with the immigration bureau, and strictly control the inflow of illegal immigrants. For the interstate commuter population, establish data linkage with surrounding cities to coordinate transportation resources, such as coordinating the allocation of commuter rail capacity between New Jersey and New York, to alleviate peak congestion.

Fourth, the precise supply of public services

Shanghai

In the field of education, we plan the layout of schools based on big data of population distribution, analyze the trend of changes in the number of school-age children, build or renovate and expand schools, and match places through the big data of the "enrollment system" to ensure fair and efficient enrollment in the vicinity. In terms of medical care, we use health file data and real-time medical demand monitoring to allocate reasonable medical staff to the community, allocate drug reserves, promote Internet medical treatment, and optimize the supply of medical services based on residents' online consultation data. Based on the distribution and health status data of the elderly population, the elderly care service will build a community-embedded elderly care institution and provide personalized home care packages, such as creating a "15-minute elderly care service circle" in Putuo District, which is seriously aging.

New York

The New York City Department of Education dynamically adjusts educational resources according to the demographic changes of the school district, increases investment in education in ethnic minority and poor communities, and improves teaching content through data feedback from online learning platforms. Healthcare systems use big data to predict infectious disease outbreaks, such as stockpiling vaccines and deploying medical care in high-risk communities in advance during the flu season, and using telemedicine services for populations in remote areas. In terms of low-income housing security, we analyze the distribution of the poor population and housing demand, build new affordable housing, repair old apartments, and use intelligent housing management systems to improve living safety and comfort.

5. Resident participation

Shanghai

Through the "Sui Bid" citizen cloud APP, a citizen participation channel is built, and residents can give feedback on community facility needs, traffic congestion points and other issues, which can be collected and sorted out by government departments in real time and included in urban renewal and governance projects. Carry out online and offline activities of "People's City and People's Construction" to encourage citizens to make suggestions and suggestions for smart city planning and population management policies, such as soliciting residents' opinions and optimization plans in old district renovation projects. The community has established a smart meeting room, using video conferencing and electronic voting systems to allow residents to participate in the decision-making of community affairs and improve residents' enthusiasm for self-governance.

New York

New York has set up a 311 citizen hotline and an online platform, where people can report urban chaos and reflect people's livelihood demands, and the government can quickly respond and deal with it and disclose the progress, forming a closed loop of supervision. Community organizations hold frequent hearings to allow citizens to fully express their wishes on projects related to residents' lives, such as the construction of parks and the location of garbage disposal stations, and use social media platforms to expand the scope of public participation and promote the democratization of urban policies, such as the renovation of the High Line.

6. Analysis of differences and challenges

Data governance differences

The Shanghai government leads the data collection and integration, which has the advantage of strong authority and comprehensive data, but there are still barriers to data sharing between departments, and it is necessary to continue to optimize the process to break the silos. New York's public-private partnership data model is flexible and commercial data mining is deep, but privacy protection is controversial, and how to balance data use and individual rights is a difficult problem.

Population management focuses differently

Shanghai focuses on the balanced allocation of service resources to meet the needs of large-scale population development, from clothing, food, housing and transportation to education and medical care. New York focuses more on security control and immigration management, and maintains urban stability under a complex ethnic and class structure.

The depth of participation of residents varies

Citizen participation in Shanghai is gradually deepening, moving from feedback to decision-making participation, but there is still room for improvement in grassroots mobilization. New York has a long history of public participation and a wide range of channels, but due to the influence of capital and political games, some voices are easily muffled, and the implementation of the people's core demands is hindered.

VII. Conclusions and Implications

Shanghai and New York have their own strengths and weaknesses in smart city population management. Shanghai should learn from New York's experience in commercial data integration, expand the data dimension, and strengthen privacy protection legislation. Learn the means of stimulating the vitality of community autonomy and enhance the depth of residents' participation. New York can refer to Shanghai's co-ordination of resources to serve people's livelihood and optimize the security system for vulnerable groups; Learn from Shanghai's cross-departmental efficient collaboration model to break down administrative barriers. In the future, the two places need to continue to innovate to respond to the challenges of demographic change with smart means, enhance urban resilience and inclusiveness, and build a global benchmark for smart city population management, so that cities can become homes for residents to live a better life.

References:

[1] General Office of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. Shanghai's 14th Five-Year Plan for Promoting Smart City Construction [EB/OL]. Official website of Shanghai Municipal Government.
[2] New York City Department of Planning. Population and Housing Data [EB/OL]. NYC Planning Portal.

[3] Zhu Dajian, Yi Hua. Theoretical Model and Practical Model of Smart Cities in China for Urban Governance [J]. People's Forum, Academic Front.

[4] Chen Zhenming, Huang Huang. Digital governance: public management in the digital age [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2020.
[5] The New York Times. How New York City Is Using Data to Improve Services [EB/OL].