参与者被告知,他们将阅读一个故事,然后写一篇简短的评论。然后,参与者阅读了三篇评论,这些评论表面上是由之前读过参与者将要阅读的同一故事的参与者所写(见附录 A),以此作为他们在评价中要写的内容的例子。这三篇评论要么是一致的好评,要么是一致的差评,而且都集中在故事的人物(例如, "人物不是很真实或有趣")或情节(例如,"故事线是怎么回事?我无法想象事情真的会那样发生")。受试者表明了他们对故事的期望,然后阅读了贝尔-考夫曼(Bel Kaufman)的《公园里的星期天》(Sunday in the Park)。读完故事后,受试者立即写下了他们对故事的喜欢和不喜欢之处的简短描述,并完成了对故事乐趣和心理运输的测量。
在以往对社会影响、感知和娱乐体验的研究基础上,当前的实验对在我们的娱乐体验中收集他人意见的后果进行了新的研究。显然,基于互联网搜索引擎和网络 2.0-2.0- 的应用程序的盛行,为娱乐媒体提供了信息共享和用户反馈,这不仅仅引导了我们对媒体的选择(例如,Chevalier & Mayzlin, 2006; Lee et al.)事实上,正如期望会影响我们对世界的感知一样(如 Bruner & Postman, 1949),他人的意见也会影响我们对世界的体验。
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Condition Sample participants' comments Mean valence rating ^("a ") Coded as discussing plot? Coded as discussing characters?
Unfavorable - Character "I thought this story was not that interesting; the story is rather sad to me. I didn't like how the father didn't reason with the other boy's father, he could at least put in a few words even though he would get interrupted. I thought the mother was useless too and at the end of the story she repeated what the other boy's father said which showed that she is a follower and imitate people." (P146) ^("b ") -2.67 No Yes
Unfavorable - Plot "I didn't really understand the point of the story. I mean maybe had they replaced the sandbox scene with something else, and I didn't really know what to think of the little boy crying the whole way home. The story just didn't really keep me interested it was kind of boring." (P182) ^("b ") -2.33 Yes No
Favorable - Character "I enjoyed this story. It kept my attention and made me interested in what would happen. The scene created a lot of anger in myself, as I wanted there to be justice. I felt like the family had a right to tell the other little boy not to throw sand. Overall, this was a good story and I would like to read the rest!" (P141) ^("b ") 2.67 Yes Yes
Favorable - Plot "I thought the story was well written. I could imagine the characters and what was happening as I continued to read. I think the plot was developed and wellcreated, and I enjoyed the story." (P168) ^("b ") 2.67 Yes Yes| Condition | Sample participants' comments | Mean valence rating ${ }^{\text {a }}$ | Coded as discussing plot? | Coded as discussing characters? |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| Unfavorable - Character | "I thought this story was not that interesting; the story is rather sad to me. I didn't like how the father didn't reason with the other boy's father, he could at least put in a few words even though he would get interrupted. I thought the mother was useless too and at the end of the story she repeated what the other boy's father said which showed that she is a follower and imitate people." (P146) ${ }^{\text {b }}$ | -2.67 | No | Yes |
| Unfavorable - Plot | "I didn't really understand the point of the story. I mean maybe had they replaced the sandbox scene with something else, and I didn't really know what to think of the little boy crying the whole way home. The story just didn't really keep me interested it was kind of boring." (P182) ${ }^{\text {b }}$ | -2.33 | Yes | No |
| Favorable - Character | "I enjoyed this story. It kept my attention and made me interested in what would happen. The scene created a lot of anger in myself, as I wanted there to be justice. I felt like the family had a right to tell the other little boy not to throw sand. Overall, this was a good story and I would like to read the rest!" (P141) ${ }^{\text {b }}$ | 2.67 | Yes | Yes |
| Favorable - Plot | "I thought the story was well written. I could imagine the characters and what was happening as I continued to read. I think the plot was developed and wellcreated, and I enjoyed the story." (P168) ${ }^{\text {b }}$ | 2.67 | Yes | Yes |