Bird hunting at the airport

Project proposal

May 2025

Bird hunting at the airport

Project proposal

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Table of Contents

1 Needs Analysis1

1.1 Project Background 1

1.2 Project necessity1

1.2.1 Ensure flight safety and reduce bird strike accidents1

1.2.2 Improve the intelligence and accuracy of bird monitoring2

1.2.3 Support large-scale device collaboration and data processing2

1.2.4 Improve the level of intelligence and informatization of airport management3

1.2.5 Meet national and international standards and requirements3

1.3 Current problems3

1.3.1 Limitations of traditional monitoring methods3

1.3.2 Frequent occurrence of bird strikes and insufficient prevention and control effects4

1.3.3 Influence of environmental factors on monitoring systems4

1.3.4 Poor system interconnection and poor collaboration5

1.3.5 Insufficient investment in personnel and resources5

1.4 Project Requirement 6

1.4.1 Technical requirements6

1.4.2 Environment and ecological needs6

1.4.3 Management and operational requirements7

1.4.4 Comply with relevant regulations and standards7

2 Construction Goal 7

2.1 Improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of bird detection8

2.2 Realize intelligent bird behavior prediction and risk assessment8

2.3 Improve the response speed and timeliness of bird monitoring8

2.4 Build an efficient data sharing and collaborative work platform9

2.5 Build an intelligent emergency mechanism for bird prevention and control9

3 Construction content 9

3.1 Overall design9

3.2 Non-functional design12

3.2.1 System reliability12

3.2.2 Performance requirements12

3.2.3 Scalability13

3.2.4 Maintainability and manageability13

3.2.5 Security14

3.2.6 User experience and usability14

3.2.7 Environmental adaptability15

3.3 5G-A integrated synaesthesia design15

3.3.1 Integrated features15

3.3.2 All-in-one applications16

3.3.2.1 Real-time data transmission and feedback16

3.3.2.2 Dynamic control and scheduling17

3.3.2.3 Spatial perception and bird activity detection18

3.3.2.4 Airspace management and dynamic early warning18

3.3.2.5 Spatial situation description and intelligent decision support19

3.4 Hardware design19

3.4.1 Radar 19

3.4.1.1 Radar sets19

3.4.1.2 Integrated processors20

3.4.2 Optoelectronics21

3.5 Software design22

3.5.1 Main Interface22

3.5.2 Alert list23

3.5.3 Electronic map operations24

3.5.4 Function interface on the left side28

3.5.5 Filtering interface34

3.5.6 Layer interface35

3.5.7 Search interface36

3.5.8 Playback interface36

3.5.9 Statistical analysis39

3.5.10 Large screen display43

3.5.11 Setup screen43

3.5.12 Personal Center45

3.5.13 System administration46

3.5.14 Background management52

3.6 Interface design55

3.6.1 Target data interface55

3.6.1.1 Description of request parameters55

3.6.1.2 Parameter range description56

3.6.1.3 Request Example 56

3.6.1.4 Example 56 is returned

3.6.1.5 Message body format58

3.6.1.6 Description of data content58

3.6.2 Alarm data interface 60

3.6.2.1 Description of request parameters60

3.6.2.2 Parameter range description60

3.6.2.3 Sample request 60

3.6.2.4 Example 60 is returned

3.6.2.5 Message body format62

3.6.2.6 Data content description62

4 Integration and implementation of the program63

4.1 Integration and implementation of the overall idea63

4.1.1 Integration and implementation methods63

4.1.2 Integrated implementation of management system construction64

4.1.2.1 Programme disclosure meeting system64

4.1.2.2 Programme adjustment system64

4.1.2.3 Safety management system65

4.1.2.4 Civilized construction system66

4.1.2.5 Organizational Coordination System67

4.1.2.6 Meeting system67

4.1.2.7 Weekly reporting system68

4.1.3 Integration and implementation content69

4.1.4 Integration process69

4.2 Project implementation70

4.2.1 Preparation before implementation70

4.2.2 Equipment installation and commissioning71

4.2.2.1 5G-A synaesthesia base station networking71

4.2.2.2 Radar installation and commissioning72

4.2.2.3 Remote photoelectric video installation and commissioning74

4.2.2.4 Installation and commissioning of radar integrated processing machines75

4.2.2.5 Joint debugging of the whole machine75

4.2.3 Acceptance content and standards75

4.3 Other78

4.3.1 Implement standard 78

4.3.2 Equipment requirements79

4.3.2.1 Quality requirements79

4.3.2.2 Safety requirements79

4.3.2.3 Technical specifications and performance requirements79

4.3.2.4 Physical property requirements79

4.3.2.5 Service requirements80

5 List of system equipment and budget80

Requirements analysis

Project Background

As an important local aviation hub, the airport is responsible for the increasing number of passengers. However, bird strikes, as a common and serious safety hazard in the aviation field, have been plaguing major airports around the world. In particular, bird habitat, migration and breeding activities around the airport are frequent, and bird strikes are particularly prominent as a threat to flight safety. When birds hit an aircraft, especially at the critical moment of take-off and landing, it will not only cause damage to the aircraft, but also may cause casualties, and even lead to flight accidents in serious cases.

In the modern aviation industry, with the expansion of airports and the increase in the number of flights, the scientific and precise management and control measures of birds have become particularly important. In the past, airports usually relied on traditional methods such as manual inspection, sound bird repellent, and laser bird repellent to reduce the risk of bird strikes, but these methods have shortcomings such as slow response speed, poor accuracy and poor persistence, and it is often difficult to achieve all-weather and all-round bird monitoring and early warning.

In recent years, with the rapid development of 5G communication technology, 5G-A (5G-Advanced) technology, as an important upgrade in the 5G era, provides higher network bandwidth, lower latency and wider device connection capabilities, and has become an important technical means to promote the construction of smart airports. By combining 5G-A technology with bird monitoring systems, real-time data transmission and accurate bird activity monitoring and prediction can be realized, thus providing an innovative solution for bird strike prevention and control.

Project necessity

Ensure flight safety and reduce bird strike accidents

Bird strike accidents pose a major threat to aviation safety, especially damage to important parts such as aircraft engines and wings, which may cause damage to the aircraft or abnormal flight, and in extreme cases, may even cause the aircraft to crash. The emergency landing of US Airways 1549 aircraft in the Hudson River on January 15, 2009 is the most typical bird strike accident to date. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), there are approximately 10,000 bird strikes worldwide each year, and while the vast majority do not have serious consequences, the cost of each bird strike is not negligible. Especially for the airport, as an airport located in a mountainous area, the surrounding natural environment is suitable for bird habitat and migration, and the risk of bird strikes is higher. In order to reduce the occurrence of bird strike accidents and improve flight safety, it is necessary to rely on more advanced technical means to carry out all-weather and all-round bird monitoring and early warning.

Improve the intelligence and accuracy of bird monitoring

Traditional bird monitoring methods usually rely on manual inspection, radar monitoring, sound bird repellent, laser devices, etc. Most of these methods have drawbacks such as long reaction time, low sensitivity, and susceptibility to weather conditions. Especially in special situations such as bad weather and nighttime, it is difficult for traditional equipment to fully monitor all bird activities. The 5G-A communication and perception integration technology can combine radar, video surveillance, infrared sensors and other devices to achieve real-time and accurate bird detection and early warning. At the same time, through artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technologies, the system can continuously optimize the recognition algorithm, improve the accuracy and sensitivity of bird detection, and greatly improve the intelligence and accuracy of bird monitoring.

Supports large-scale device collaboration and data processing

With the continuous increase of airport equipment, the working capacity of a single equipment can no longer meet the all-weather, high-density, and high-precision monitoring needs of airports. The advantages of 5G-A technology in IoT device connectivity enable multiple devices to work together through high-bandwidth, low-latency communication networks to support large-scale device access. Through 5G-A technology, bird detection equipment (such as radars, cameras, sensors, etc.) inside and outside the airport can efficiently collaborate and transmit data to the data processing platform in real time, providing timely and accurate bird activity data for airport managers.

In addition, 5G-A technology can also realize the combination of cloud computing and edge computing to ensure the efficiency of data transmission and the scalability of the system. Through the processing and analysis of a large amount of real-time data, intelligent decision support can be realized, bird monitoring strategies can be adjusted in time, and effective early warnings can be achieved.

Improve the level of intelligence and informatization of airport management

With the advancement of smart airport construction, how to realize the integration of intelligent management and information platform has become one of the keys to airport management. As a representative of modern technology, 5G-A communication and perception integration technology can seamlessly connect with the existing airport management system with its characteristics of high bandwidth, low latency and high reliability, and improve the intelligent level of bird monitoring, security, emergency response and other links. By building a complete intelligent bird monitoring and early warning system, the airport can grasp the bird activities in real time, provide a scientific basis for management decision-making, and improve the efficiency of airport operations.

Meet national and international standards and requirements

With the continuous improvement of global aviation safety standards, especially the increasingly stringent requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for airport bird strike prevention and control, many airports in China have begun to improve bird strike prevention and control measures to ensure compliance with international safety standards. As an important local airport, the safety and security of the airport needs to keep pace with international development. Through the introduction of 5G-A technology and perception integration technology, it can ensure the advancement and reliability of the bird monitoring system, meet the relevant aviation safety standards at home and abroad, and help upgrade the airport's safety prevention and control capabilities.

Current problems

Limitations of traditional monitoring methods

Limited monitoring coverage: Existing traditional bird detection systems, such as video surveillance and radar detection, have certain blind spots, especially in areas with many obstacles around airports or when the weather conditions are bad, traditional monitoring methods may be difficult to monitor comprehensively.

Reaction time lag: Existing bird detection methods often have data transmission and processing delays, especially when birds enter high-risk areas (such as runways and taxiways), they cannot provide early warning in time, thus affecting the speed of emergency response.

Insufficient accuracy: Due to the limitation of technical means, the existing monitoring system has poor ability to distinguish different species of birds, and the accuracy and real-time accuracy and real-time of key data such as flight trajectory and flight speed of birds are insufficient, resulting in the inability to accurately predict.

Bird strikes are frequent and the prevention and control effect is insufficient

Frequent bird strikes: Due to the natural environment around the airport suitable for bird habitat and migration, and the law of bird activity is related to weather, season and other factors, the frequency of bird strike accidents at the airport is relatively high, especially in the morning and evening or in bad weather, bird strike events are more frequent.

Lag in emergency response: When birds enter high-risk areas, existing prevention and control measures (such as bird repellents, laser equipment, drones, etc.) are relatively lagging behind, and cannot effectively reduce the threat of birds to aircraft in a timely and effective manner. In emergency response, there is a lack of real-time coordination and automated response systems, and manual intervention is often relied upon, resulting in slow processing speed and unstable results.

Lack of intelligent decision support: The current bird strike prevention and control system lacks intelligent data analysis and decision support, and fails to predict and assess bird behavior through big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies. The existing system mainly relies on manual inspection and single sensor data, and lacks real-time situational awareness and prediction capabilities for bird dynamics.

The impact of environmental factors on the monitoring system

Weather and visibility issues: Airports are located in mountainous areas and the climate is volatile, especially bad weather such as haze, strong winds and heavy rain often affect the flight path of birds, and traditional monitoring systems have poor ability to identify and respond to these environments. The detection accuracy of traditional radar or video surveillance technology in low-visibility environments is greatly reduced, making it difficult to detect bird activities in time.

Terrain obstacles: The complex terrain and undulating mountainous environment around the airport can hinder the monitoring of bird movements, and the limited coverage of radar signals or video surveillance makes bird activity unable to be effectively monitored in some areas.

Poor system interconnection and poor collaboration

Siloed and unintegrated: Existing bird detection systems often operate independently of various types of equipment (e.g., radars, cameras, sensors, etc.) and lack effective data sharing and collaboration. The compatibility between systems is poor, and information cannot be shared in real time, resulting in limited monitoring and early warning capabilities.

Insufficient information processing capacity: Traditional bird monitoring systems have relatively weak data processing capabilities, and cannot make full use of advanced technologies such as big data and cloud computing to conduct in-depth analysis of bird activities. The existing system mainly relies on manual intervention and local data analysis, which is difficult to provide efficient and global analysis and prediction.

Insufficient investment in personnel and resources

Shortage of human resources: At present, bird monitoring and management still rely on a large proportion of manual inspection and intervention, especially during high-risk periods and bad weather conditions, the burden of manual monitoring is heavy, and it is difficult to achieve 24-hour efficient monitoring.

Technology and equipment update lag: Bird detection technology is developing rapidly around the world, but the bird strike prevention and control system of airports has not yet been able to fully introduce emerging technologies, such as 5G-A communication and perception integration, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies, resulting in the technical level of the overall system is backward, and it is difficult to match the safety requirements of modern airports.

Difficulty in cross-departmental collaboration: Bird monitoring and prevention is not only a problem for airport management departments, but also involves the cooperation of airlines, air traffic control, environmental protection departments and other parties. At present, the information sharing and coordination mechanism between various departments is not perfect, which leads to problems such as information lag and slow response in the monitoring and emergency response of bird activities.

Project requirements

Technical needs

High sensitivity and resolution: It needs to be able to detect weak signals from small birds (e.g., sparrows, swallows), and the radar resolution needs to reach the meter level to distinguish dense flocks of birds. It supports multi-target tracking capability to monitor bird flight trajectory, altitude and speed in real time.

All-weather operation capability: Adapt to complex weather (rain, fog, night), use radar fusion optoelectronic technology (such as infrared/visible light camera) to make up for the shortcomings of traditional radar, and can monitor birds around the clock.

Coverage and blind spot control: The radar coverage needs to match the airport runway and the surrounding area of 5-10 km. Consider the impact of feature occlusion (e.g., buildings, terrain) on the detection and optimize the deployment location.

Data fusion and intelligent analysis: Integrate multi-source information such as radar and photoelectric to improve the accuracy of bird activity prediction. Video AI algorithms are used to identify bird species and behavior patterns to reduce false alarms.

Environmental and ecological needs

Ecological compatibility: The system should be deployed to avoid disturbing the ecological environment around the airport, and environmental impact assessment should be carried out if necessary. Combined with the migration patterns of birds, the monitoring strategy should be dynamically adjusted (e.g., enhanced early warning during the migratory bird season).

Linkage of bird repellent equipment: linkage with sonic bird repellent devices, laser equipment, drones, etc., to form a closed loop of "monitoring-early warning-expulsion".

Management and operational requirements

Real-time warning and visualization: It provides a radar and photoelectric overlay display visualization interface based on GIS map, which displays the distribution of bird activities, activity hot spots, and trajectory prediction in real time. The target warning information needs to be pushed to the system display terminal in real time, and the threat level of the early warning should be displayed differently.

Data recording and analysis: long-term storage of bird activity data, support the generation of statistical reports, and assist in the optimization of airport ecological management strategies.

Personnel training and maintenance: Operators need to be trained in the use, management and emergency procedures of radar and bird detection radar optoelectronic integrated early warning system. Regularly maintain the equipment and calibrate the sensor accuracy to ensure system stability.

Comply with relevant regulations and standards

Comply with aviation safety regulations: Follow the bird strike prevention standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and national aviation authorities (e.g., FAA, CAAC). It needs to pass the electromagnetic compatibility test to avoid interfering with other electronic equipment (e.g. communication, navigation system) at the airport.

Privacy and data security: If you are involved in surrounding residential areas, you need to comply with privacy protection regulations to avoid the misuse of radar data.

Construction goals

The goal of the construction of the airport's bird detection and prevention and control system is to achieve comprehensive, real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning of bird activities around the airport through the introduction of modern technical means, especially the integration of communication and perception technology. The system will comprehensively apply 5G-A communication technology, radar detection, video surveillance, infrared perception, drone inspection and other monitoring methods, combined with data analysis and artificial intelligence technology, to improve the accuracy, real-time and intelligent level of bird monitoring, minimize the incidence of bird strike accidents, and ensure the safety of flights.

Improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of bird detection

Comprehensive monitoring: Through the 5G-A communication and perception integration technology, multiple monitoring devices (such as radars, cameras, infrared sensors, drones, etc.) around the airport are efficiently connected and coordinated to ensure that the system can cover every corner of the airport, especially key areas (such as runways, taxiways, etc.).

Accurate recognition: The low-latency characteristics and perception capabilities of 5G-A are used to improve the recognition accuracy and monitoring range of birds. Combining radar, video surveillance and infrared sensing technology, it can accurately capture bird activities, including key data such as bird species, flight trajectory, and flight speed.

Achieve intelligent bird behavior prediction and risk assessment

Intelligent analysis and decision-making: Relying on big data analysis and machine learning technology, the system can analyze and predict the behavior patterns of birds in real time, assess the risk of bird activities based on historical data, climatic conditions and other factors, and warn of the danger of bird strikes in advance.

Automated decision support: Based on real-time monitoring data of bird behavior, the system can automatically issue early warnings to airport managers and provide actionable decision support, such as avoiding flights from entering high-risk areas and activating bird repellent equipment.

Improve the response speed and timeliness of bird monitoring

Low-latency real-time monitoring: 5G-A communication technology provides the advantages of high bandwidth and low latency, ensuring that the bird detection system can complete data collection, transmission and processing in milliseconds, significantly improving the response speed of the system. Whether it is bird activity discovery, flight path prediction, or emergency response, it can achieve rapid feedback and real-time control.

Dynamic response and intervention: The system can automatically identify birds entering key areas (e.g., runways, taxiways, etc.) and quickly alert the control center. Based on 5G-A technology, airports can dispatch anti-bird equipment (such as laser bird repellent, sound bird repellent, drones, etc.) in real time to intervene to minimize the occurrence of bird strike accidents.

Build an efficient data sharing and collaborative work platform

System integration and collaboration: 5G-A base stations can realize the data interconnection and interoperability of different monitoring devices (such as radars, cameras, infrared sensors, etc.) to ensure that monitoring data can flow seamlessly between various devices. The system can dynamically adjust the monitoring strategy according to the changes in real-time data, and provide airport management personnel with complete bird activity data, risk assessment reports and other information.

Cross-departmental collaboration platform: Through 5G-A technology, a data sharing platform will be built to promote the collaborative work of airport management departments, air traffic control, airlines and other parties to ensure smooth information flow and efficient response, especially in bird strike warning and emergency response.

Build an intelligent emergency mechanism for bird prevention and control

Emergency response linkage: 5G-A base stations can realize the linkage response of air and ground equipment. For example, when a flock of birds enters the runway, the system can automatically trigger ground-based bird repellent equipment or drones to drive birds, and at the same time alert pilots and air traffic control to ensure a rapid and effective emergency response.

Automated decision support: Based on real-time monitoring data of bird behavior, the system can automatically issue early warnings to airport managers and provide actionable decision support, such as avoiding flights from entering high-risk areas and activating bird repellent equipment.

Construction content

General design

The bird-detecting radar photoelectric integrated early warning system configured in this scheme is composed of one set of radar equipment, one set of long-range photoelectric detection equipment, one set of integrated processing machine and one set of intelligent bird-detecting radar photoelectric integrated early warning system platform. The radar photoelectric bird detection integrated early warning system selects Yingjue TNX101 product, and the composition is shown in the following figure:

Composition diagram of the bird-detecting radar optoelectronic integrated early warning system

According to the usage requirements, system composition and information flow, the overall architecture design is shown in the following figure:

The overall architecture design of the bird-detecting radar photoelectric integrated early warning system

The overall architecture of the Bird Finder Radar Optoelectronic Integrated Early Warning System includes infrastructure system, data resource system, business application system, etc., and at the same time meets the relevant requirements of policy system system, standard and specification system, organizational guarantee system and network security system.

(1) Perception layer

The perception layer integrates a variety of sensing devices, including radar, optoelectronics and other devices, which can obtain environmental information from different angles and dimensions. Through the sensing device of the perception layer, the system can intelligently perceive bird targets or other objects in the environment, and realize real-time acquisition of information such as their position and motion status. The system can monitor the position of the target in real time, so that the user can understand the dynamics of the target. In addition to monitoring the target in real time, data about the target can be collected and stored for subsequent analysis and forensics. At the same time, the system has the ability to supplement and enhance the sensing ability, and improve the comprehensiveness and flexibility of the perception system.

(2) Network layer

The network layer is mainly to build the private network environment required for the operation of the system. The system covers compliance with relevant user norms and standards to ensure the security and compliance of data transmission. The network layer provides a dedicated network environment for sensing devices and data nodes to ensure the efficient collection, transmission, and processing of sensing data. This includes measures to achieve low latency, high throughput, and security to meet the real-time and reliability requirements of perception systems.

(3) Infrastructure layer

The infrastructure layer is mainly to build the operating environment of the system, and complete the access, processing, and storage of various data required by the system through the support of hardware equipment such as computing systems and storage systems and related environments.

(4) Data layer

The data resource layer accesses, stores, and processes all kinds of monitoring and business data of the project. Data access includes front-end perception data, application system processing data, external docking data, and other sources.

(5) Application layer

The application is mainly responsible for the access, processing, and fusion of all perception data and business data, the linkage application of perception devices, intelligent early warning analysis, data archiving and basic application support, as well as business applications such as bird control and data visualization. The following subsystems are included.

Airspace control subsystem

Based on visual interface display methods such as electronic maps, radar information, photoelectric video, and fusion targets, real-time airspace control target dynamics and abnormal early warning behaviors of low-altitude targets are analyzed.

Bird Condition Disposal Subsystem

The bird condition disposal subsystem is designed to help users efficiently and accurately receive, process and track bird conditions to ensure safety and stability. It mainly includes early warning model management, early warning data management, and early warning disposal.

System management subsystem

Build a system management subsystem to manage users, organizations, roles, and permissions in the system at a granular level. User management includes adding, importing, deleting, editing, and querying users, and supports setting users' organizations, roles, and permissions. Organization management can manage the institutions using the system at a hierarchical level (support external institutions), and specifically support the adding, importing, deleting, editing, querying and other functions of the organization.

Non-functional design

System reliability

Fault tolerance and redundancy: The system should be highly fault-tolerant to ensure that if some devices fail, others can seamlessly take over the task. For example, if some radar or sensor fails, backup equipment or modules should be automatically plugged in to ensure the continuous operation of the system. Critical components should support redundant design to ensure that a single point of failure does not cause a system to crash.

High availability: The system should have high availability, especially during high-risk periods (such as morning, evening, bad weather, etc.) and holidays, to ensure 24/7 continuous monitoring and emergency response. Load balancing and failover mechanisms need to be considered in the design to ensure that the system is available at all times.

System monitoring and health checks: Regularly perform health checks and performance monitoring on various components of the system (such as 5G-A base stations, sensors, and cameras) to ensure that the devices are in the best working condition. The real-time monitoring system can automatically detect the status of equipment and provide early warning information for the operation and maintenance team to repair or replace.

Performance requirements

Real-time and response time: The system must be able to detect and respond to bird activity in a very short time (less than 100 milliseconds of latency). Specifically, after sensors (e.g., radar, video surveillance) acquire data, the system should immediately process it and complete early warning notification and emergency response within seconds. This is especially important in bird strike control, especially when aircraft are taking off and landing.

System throughput: The system should be able to support high-throughput data processing, especially when multiple devices (e.g., multiple cameras, sensors) are working at the same time. The data transmission rate should meet the data upload needs of large-scale devices in the airport monitoring area. The bandwidth of the system should be able to adapt to the high-speed transmission of 5G-A, ensuring the smooth transmission of large amounts of data without packet loss.

Concurrent processing capabilities: The system needs to process a large amount of concurrent data, including data collected from different sensors, radars, cameras, and other devices. The design must ensure that the data processing capacity is strong enough to support concurrent access, rapid data integration, and real-time analytics.

Scalability

System scalability: As airports scale, bird monitoring systems should be easily expandable, and new devices (e.g., cameras, sensors, etc.) should be able to quickly integrate with existing systems. The construction of the 5G-A network will support the expansion of the system, ensuring that more devices or sensors can be easily connected in the future to meet the growing demand for monitoring.

Modular design: The system should be modular so that new features or components can be added in the future. For example, new bird detection technologies (e.g., new radars, new sensors, etc.) may be introduced in the future, and the system can be expanded with software and hardware modules to adapt to new needs without the need for large-scale refactoring.

Maintainability and manageability

Log management and alarm system: The system should support detailed logging and event tracing functions, and be able to record all key operations and events, including device startup, faults, system responses, data uploads, and other information. The alarm system should be able to detect abnormal events in real time based on logs and notify O&M personnel for quick response and handling.

Simplify O&M operations: Simplify the workflow of O&M personnel through an integrated O&M platform and a simple interface design. The configuration, monitoring, data analysis, alarm and other management functions of the system should have a good user experience, which is convenient for personnel operation and system management.

security

Data security and privacy protection: The system should take appropriate security measures to ensure encryption protection during data transmission to prevent data leakage or tampering. When using a 5G-A network, it is important to ensure the security of the communication link and avoid signal interception or interference. All bird monitoring data transmitted within the airport must comply with relevant privacy policies and regulatory requirements.

Authentication and access control: The system should be designed with a sound authentication and access control mechanism. Only authorized personnel can access sensitive data and perform critical operations. For example, only security administrators and designees have access to system logs, configuration, and device management interfaces. Multi-factor authentication (such as fingerprints, passwords, verification codes, etc.) is required to ensure the security of authentication.

Defend against external attacks: Considering the network attacks and other security threats that the system may face, the system should have security protection measures such as anti-DDoS attacks and malware intrusions. Vulnerability scanning and remediation are regularly carried out to ensure system security in high-risk environments.

User Experience & Usability

Intuitive user interface: The user interface of the system should be simple and intuitive to ensure that airport management can quickly understand and use it. The interface design should be tailored to the needs of different user roles (e.g., administrators, security guards, pilots, etc.) so that each user can easily operate and get the information they need.

Intelligent prompts and help functions: The system should provide intelligent prompts to help users understand the various operations and functions of the system. Through the automated help system, prompt window, FAQ and other ways, improve user satisfaction with the use of the system.

System Reliability Testing: The availability of a system also depends on its extensive testing and validation. During the design process, different load scenarios, user operation conditions, and extreme environments (such as bad weather, power outage, etc.) should be considered to ensure that the system can work stably in various situations.

Environmental adaptability

Anti-interference capability: Considering the complex environmental factors of the airport (such as high electromagnetic interference, meteorological changes, obstacles, etc.), the system should be designed with good anti-interference ability. For example, radar systems should be able to work stably against high noise backgrounds, and sensors should have the ability to adapt to different weather conditions (e.g., fog, strong winds, etc.).

High and low temperature resistance: The hardware components of the system need to work normally in a wide temperature range to ensure that the system can continue to operate stably in different seasons and extreme weather conditions.

5G-A integrated synaesthesia design

All-in-one features

(1) Spectrum reuse: The mobile 4.9G spectrum has been issued and can be used in urban areas, and there is no radiation interference limitation of the traditional radar spectrum.

(2) Coverage advantages: Mobile MF 4.9G coverage is excellent, and the detection distance for small targets of 0.01 square meters of RCS can reach more than 1.5km.

(3) Accuracy application: Mobile 4.9G has a high spectrum in the mid-frequency band, with 10m-level perception accuracy, which is suitable for low-altitude security, low-altitude economy and other applications.

(4) One network for multiple purposes: It provides low-altitude communication traffic services for UAV operators, provides UAV route supervision and anti-black flight capabilities for the government, and 4.9G traditional ground communication can share the cost of station construction.

(5) Planning, construction and maintenance: China Mobile has rich continuous networking planning capabilities, and can provide cost-effective spatial 3D networking solutions according to the needs of end customers; In terms of construction, the mobile company has a wealth of communication sites that can be reused, and there is no need to rebuild the tower and computer room, and the same synaesthesia base station hardware equipment is used for perception and communication. In terms of maintenance, China Mobile has a grassroots O&M team and a mature O&M process to ensure rapid response and timely recovery in the event of a failure. In terms of optimization, synaesthesia base stations follow the iterative update of communication standards (such as 5G→ 5G-A→6G), and can fully enjoy the dividends of technology updates.

(6) For different application scenarios in the industry, mobile companies can provide three modes of 5G private network services (preferred, exclusive, and exclusive), and the Zhangwan project can consider the exclusive mode (dedicated to the public network, no data appearance/edge computing), or the exclusive mode (dedicated to the private network, dedicated to the base station/spectrum).

Based on enhanced coverage and edge computing technologies, the dedicated mode implements local traffic offloading and edge data processing, meeting customers' business requirements such as data non-appearance and ultra-low latency.

Premium mode builds dedicated wireless networks for customers by building exclusive base stations and spectrums to meet customers' needs for high-security, high-isolation, and customized network construction.

(7) At present, only mobile 4.9G has wide-area ubiquitous detection capabilities, which can provide communication perception capabilities at a low altitude of 600 meters, and at the same time provide public network communication capabilities to the ground. Mobile synaesthesia technology has sufficient reserves, and has been widely implemented in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hubei, accumulating a large amount of data and operational experience.

All-in-one application

As an important development direction of wireless communication in the future, the integrated communication and sensing technology can realize the combination of data communication and spatial perception on 5G-A base stations. In bird detection systems, the application of this technology will greatly improve the responsiveness, accuracy and real-time performance of the system, especially in bird monitoring and early warning.

Real-time data transmission and feedback

In traditional bird monitoring systems, communication between perception devices (such as radars, cameras, sensors, etc.) and the monitoring center is usually carried out through traditional wireless communication networks or dedicated communication links. These methods have certain delays and are susceptible to environmental factors, making it difficult to ensure the real-time and reliability of data. Through the communication function of 5G-A, the base station can provide a more stable and low-latency communication link to ensure real-time data upload and feedback.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection and monitoring: UAV cruise can be used to monitor bird activities around the airport, and sensor data (such as infrared, thermal imaging, acoustics, etc.) can be transmitted to the air monitoring platform in real time through 5G-A base stations. These sensors include bird activity data, flight trajectory, speed and other information, which can be quickly fed back to the control center for timely response.

Airport ground facility data upload: The 5G-A base station can provide stable wireless data upload services for ground monitoring equipment (such as cameras, radars, sensors, etc.) in the airport. In this way, the monitoring data of bird activity, such as the number of birds and flight paths detected by video surveillance or radar systems, can be efficiently uploaded to the data processing platform for real-time analysis and early warning.

Interaction between the air monitoring platform and ground facilities: Through the 5G-A base station, the cloud air monitoring platform can send early warning information, route planning and other data to drones or ground equipment. For the bird monitoring system, the cloud platform can send important information such as navigation instructions and bird flock location warning to the drone based on the analysis of bird behavior.

Dynamic control and scheduling

Through the communication capability of 5G-A, it is possible to accurately dispatch and control flight equipment (such as drones) in the monitoring area. Like what:

UAV inspection and scheduling: Through the UAV to carry out dynamic inspection of the area around the airport, the 5G-A base station can provide a stable communication link to ensure that the UAV can receive dispatching instructions and flight control commands in a timely manner. At the same time, the base station can also transmit the flight data and monitoring data of the drone in real time to ensure the synchronization of the flight path and the monitoring data.

Ground equipment coordination: With the low latency characteristics of 5G-A, other equipment in the airport (such as laser bird repellent equipment, sound bird repellent equipment, etc.) can receive instructions from the air monitoring platform through the base station to drive away or intervene in the bird flock in time. Realize the real-time linkage of bird monitoring, early warning, bird repellent measures and other equipment.

Spatial Perception and Bird Activity Detection

The perception capability of 5G-A base stations is not limited to communication, but also uses phenomena such as reflection and scattering of electromagnetic wave signals for spatial perception. This capability can greatly improve the accuracy and range of bird detection systems, especially in complex environments.

Bird target detection and positioning: Through the spatial perception of electromagnetic waves by the 5G-A base station, it can detect birds or flocks of birds in flight, and obtain data such as their specific location and flight speed. This perception, combined with existing radar systems, cameras, and infrared sensors, allows for more precise positioning of bird positions and activities, especially in unclear lines of sight or in complex weather environments.

Bird tracking and trajectory analysis: Using the perception capability of 5G-A, the flight trajectory of birds can be tracked, and their flight speed and direction can be calculated in real time. This is of great significance for assessing the risk of bird activity, especially when the bird flock is close to the airport take-off and landing area, and can provide early warning of flight safety at the airport.

Fusion of environmental and bird activity data: By analyzing the interaction between electromagnetic waves and environmental objects, the 5G-A base station can sense the surrounding obstacles and the distribution of birds. Combined with bird activity data and environmental information, the bird activity situation in the airspace can be generated in real time, providing accurate monitoring data for the air monitoring platform.

Airspace management and dynamic early warning

Based on the spatial awareness function of 5G-A, the air monitoring platform can process real-time data of bird activities and provide the following services according to airspace management needs:

En-route warning and navigation assistance: When bird activities enter key routes, the 5G-A system can send en-route warning information to drones or aircraft in time to avoid the risk of collisions between aircraft and birds. In addition, the aerial surveillance platform can provide navigation and landing instructions to the drone to guide it to avoid flocks of birds or high-risk areas.

Identification and countermeasures of illegal bird behaviors: Through real-time monitoring and data analysis of bird activities, the 5G-A system can determine whether there are illegal flights or abnormal bird behaviors. Once an abnormality or illegal behavior is found, the system can send instructions to the ground countermeasures equipment through the 5G-A base station and intervene accordingly, such as activating laser bird repellent and sonic interference equipment.

Spatial situation description and intelligent decision support

The spatial awareness capabilities of 5G-A base stations enable them to form a complete situational picture of bird activity in airspace. Through the identification and behavior pattern analysis of different bird groups, the system can provide intelligent decision support for airport management.

Situational awareness and analysis: The spatial perception technology of the 5G-A base station can identify the distribution and activity trend of bird populations, conduct data analysis through the cloud platform, and provide real-time bird activity situation reports for airport managers. This kind of report can help airport managers grasp the dynamics of birds in a timely manner and provide data support for emergency decision-making.

Intelligent decision-making: Based on the analysis of bird activities, the 5G-A system can automatically provide the airport with actionable early warning information, such as abnormal conditions such as birds entering dangerous areas and flying too fast, so as to provide accurate guidance for the airport's emergency response.

Hardware design

radar

Radar machine

Model: HJL1203-X

1) The detection distance can reach 10 kilometers, which can cover the bird activity area around the airport.

2) Call 1000 batches of target route data at the same time, including batch number, distance, altitude, bearing, speed, threat level and other information.

3) The detection range should be 0°-360° horizontal, 0°-55° pitch, and the maximum detection height should not be less than 700 meters.

4) The distance blind zone is controlled within 100 meters to ensure effective detection of targets at close range.

5) The system has the ability to update data quickly, the data rate of weekly scanning mode and fan scanning mode does not exceed 2 seconds/time, and the refresh data rate of tracking mode does not exceed 1 second/time.

6) The power consumption of the system should be controlled within 300 watts in the weekly sweep mode.

7) The radar equipment has the functions of boot self-test and fault prompt, which is convenient for quickly locating and solving problems.

8) The equipment should have the functions of rain and lightning protection, and adapt to the harsh environment of the airport field.

9) The operating temperature range meets -40°C to +60°C to ensure normal operation under extreme climatic conditions.

10) The false alarm rate is controlled within 10%, and useless data such as radar clutter, ground vehicles, personnel and surrounding buildings (structures) are screened out through technical means.

11) The resolution capability reaches a distance of ≤20 meters, an azimuth ≤ 2 °, and an elevation ≤ 3 ° to ensure accurate detection of the target.

12) The measurement accuracy meets the distance measurement accuracy ≤10 m (RMS), azimuth ≤0.3° (RMS), pitch angle ≤0.3° (RMS), velocity accuracy ≤0.5 m/s (RMS), and the velocity range needs to cover 0.5 m/s to 150 m/s.

Integrated processing machine

Ethernet port: 1 Gigabit Ethernet port for radar and 2 Gigabit adaptive Ethernet ports

The remote power intelligent control module has the function of remote control and management of power supply, which can remotely control the power supply of radar and processing equipment, and monitor the voltage and current value of the power supply

It has network management functions, supports dynamic IP, static IP, PPPoE, L2TP, PPTP and other access methods, and has VPN functions such as PPTP/L2TP VPN

Input power: AC 220V±10%, 50Hz

Operating temperature and humidity: -30°C~+60°C, 95%±3%, non-condensing

It has the ability to resist salt spray corrosion and adapt to the seaside working environment

Degree of protection: IP66

photoelectricity

Model: LYG3104-B

1) In good daytime weather, the detection and tracking distance of large birds (such as herons, birds of prey, etc.) is ≥ 4 km, medium birds (such as pigeons, magpies, etc.) ≥ 2.5 km, and small birds (such as sparrows, swallows, etc.) ≥ 1.2 km.

2) In good night weather, the detection and tracking distance for large birds is ≥2 km, medium birds ≥ 1 km, and small birds ≥ 500 m.

3) The system supports the display of lens field of view and focus information, as well as azimuth and tilt angle information.

4) Support optical and electronic continuous zoom, electronic zoom is not less than 1-6 times.

5) The visible light imaging resolution is 1920×1080, and it supports optical fog transmission function.

6) Thermal imaging resolution 1280×1024, thermal imaging video pseudo-color support no less than 6 modes.

7) The focal length of the thermal imaging lens is 150 mm, and the optical zoom factor is not less than 8 times.

8) The device has a power-off protection function to ensure data security.

9) Support joystick or keyboard, mouse operation, able to adjust the direction, focus and magnification.

10) The working temperature of optoelectronic equipment can meet -45°C to +65°C, and adapt to the airport field environment.

11) The photoelectric system is used in conjunction with the radar detection system, which has the function of tracking and capture, and displays the population height, number and other information on the photoelectric interface.

Software design

Main interface

This solution provides a complete bird-detecting radar optoelectronic integrated early warning system, and can command and control the whole system in the command and control center.

After accessing the login interface of the Bird Detection Radar Optoelectronic Integrated Early Warning System, enter the username and password provided according to the project situation in the account and password columns, and click Login to successfully log in.

After logging in, the initial interface of the user takes the local supervision area as the center of vision. The screen after logging in is as follows: (Airport information is hidden to comply with customer privacy regulations)

On the terminal interface, the bird targets within the detection range can be displayed in real time, and the dynamic information such as the trajectory, altitude, direction, distance, and speed of the bird targets can be viewed.

List of alerts

According to the location of the airport, the distribution of take-off and landing routes and the target location of birds, the system can judge the threat degree of bird target activities to the airport and take-off and landing routes in real time, and carry out graded early warning according to the threat level.

Click the blue bell icon in the upper left corner of the main interface to pop up the warning list information in the supervision area. The list includes bird target, ID, warning area, warning type, warning time, disposal status, and operation information. (In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, the airport-related information is specially hidden and replaced with other map information, for illustrative purposes only) as shown in the figure below:

According to the threat degree of the early warning target, different color logo fonts are used to distinguish the early warning with red letter logo, yellow logo represents suspicious medium risk early warning, and green logo represents low risk early warning. Support capturing of early warning birds.

You can query the real-time trajectory of the corresponding bird in the alert list. Click the exit backtracking button on the right side of the alert list to exit the backtracking interface and return to the main interface of the system platform. The radar trajectory is shown in the figure below:

Electronic map operation

(1) Full screen

By clicking the button, the browser enters/cancels the full-screen mode as shown in the image below:

(2) Statistics

Click the Drawing Statistics menu to draw the monitoring area on the map, you can realize the number of targets perceived in the specified area, and use the stop drawing statistics to clear the drawing statistics, the statistics interface is shown in the following figure, and the specific use process is as follows:

1. Click the square drawing statistics menu;

2. Move the cursor after clicking the left mouse button on the map to draw a square statistical area, and then pop up the real-time statistics of the target for the current demarcated area.

(3) Ranging

Click the ranging button to measure the distance and azimuth information, and the specific use process is as follows:

1. Click the ranging menu;

2. Move the mouse cursor to the area to be measured;

3. Click the left mouse button and move the cursor to obtain the target distance and azimuth information;

4. Click the left mouse button again to cancel the ranging function.

(In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

(4) Zoom in

Click the zoom in or zoom out button to zoom in or out of the map; You can also zoom in and out of layers with the mouse wheel. (In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

(5) Satellite imagery

Click the circular map icon in the lower right corner of the main interface of the system to switch the map module to the display mode of day map, administrative map, and satellite map. (In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

(6) Legend

The basic elements are: radar target, fusion target.

(7) Miscellaneous

The bottom bar of the interface contains the information of the number of screen targets, the current level information, the current location information and the icon example information.

Number of Screen Targets: displays the number of perceived targets within the current screen range.

Current Level: Displays the current map level, the higher the level number, the higher the magnification of the map, and the lower the field of view.

Current Position: Displays the latitude and longitude of the current hovering position of the cursor, in degrees.

Functions on the left side

The left part of the platform is the function panel, which is followed by the function entrances of radar, optoelectronics, UAV, filtering, bird condition, layer, alarm, search, playback, setting, target, and recording, and the left menu bar automatically shrinks without operation.

As shown in the figure below:

(1) Radar interface

When you click the radar button, the radar stations are displayed in a list. As shown in the figure below:

Radar settings are divided into echo settings and status settings. The echo settings mainly display the radar name, status switch, echo switch, and echo color. After turning on the echo switch, the interface displays echoes. When the echo switch is turned on, the echo color can be adjusted, and the color can be set to green, gray, yellow, and false color.

The status setting is mainly for radar power on/off, range, and detection mode settings. The switch controls the radar to turn on and off, and the range controls the detection range of the radar. Among them, you can set radar waves, rain and snow, gain. Generally, the parameters do not need to be set unless they are special, and the default parameters are sufficient.

(2) Photoelectric interface

1) Focus on cruising - focus on the point

Open the photoelectric list, click the focus after selecting the photonic, the list of concerns will appear on the right side, and turn on the top switch to start the focus work. After selecting the point of interest, the photoelectric video playback page pops up on the right side of the interface, and the attention is working normally.

In single photoelectric mode, click the play button of the circle note, you can open the visible light and infrared window at the same time, click the play button, the visible light video window screen will appear in the upper right corner of the interface, and click the photoelectric relay to track the target.

(In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

After the multi-optical mode is enabled, the site is changed from the original single-photoelectric mode to an expanded display, which can turn on the visible light of different stations. When visible and infrared modes are turned on for multiple sites.

2) Image tracking

Double-click the photoelectric video window to continuously and stably track the target. As shown in the figure below:

(In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

3) Visible light

It supports gimbal control, fog penetration, laser illumination control, zoom in, zoom out, focus, screenshot, lock, record, refresh, full screen and other operations. As shown in the figure below:

4) Infrared light

Support zoom in, zoom out, focus, screenshot, lock, record, refresh, and full screen

Filter screen

After clicking the filter button, all the filter options are displayed in a collapsed form, and the filter is divided into the following types: signal type, analysis type, target type, target length, target heading, target speed, and tracking time. As shown in the figure below:

(In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

When you select a filter type, click the turn on button on the right side of this type, the color turns blue, click one or more types, click the OK button, the map shows the targets that meet the filter conditions, and you can see the change in the number of targets in the lower right corner. (In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

Layer interface

After clicking the layer button, it appears, which is divided into two tabs: layer list and warning area.

Click the latitude and longitude grid to turn it on or off on the map layer.

In addition to the list of layers that can be loaded, the warning area layer can also be loaded. For example, after checking the pre-drawn "Key Supervision" layer, the layer will be displayed on the map, and the blue positioning icon on the right side of "Key Supervision" can be directly jumped to the layer location. As shown in the figure below:

Search interface

After clicking the search button, it will appear, and in this interface, you can accurately search for the real-time location of the target by setting parameters such as ID and time period, and the matching target will be marked with a red box. (In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

Playback interface

After clicking the target playback button, it appears, and the function is to play back the video of the bird change in the specified area within the specified time range.

The playback operation consists of the following steps: 1. Draw the playback area, 2. Set the playback time range, 3. Click play, and 4. Stop playback. Use the time setting box to draw the playback time range, and use the positioning button, ranging button, and zoom in button to draw the playback area to aid drawing. The 0~100% progress bar represents the playback progress of the video. Restrictions on drawing playback areas: The current map level must be higher than level 12, that is, the current number of levels in the lower left corner is greater than or equal to 12. (In order to comply with customer privacy regulations, some airport-related information is hidden and replaced with other map information, just for illustration)

On the bottom side of the playback panel is the playback options bar, and the specific control functions are described in the table.

Statistical analysis

Analysis reports can be automatically generated based on historical bird data, and the report content can be edited and exported. Personalized reports can be customized according to the actual business needs of users. According to the law of bird activities, the daily peak warning of bird periodic activities can be carried out, and the key time period of bird supervision can be analyzed for users. Examples of bird statistics reports are as follows:

Large-screen display

It has a large-screen interface for data visualization, which displays the target trajectory of the long trajectory, the real-time list of targets, the snapshot of the long trajectory, the early warning analysis of the bird, the heat map of the bird's condition and so on through a separate large-screen display.

Settings interface

The settings include basic settings, track settings, tag settings, early warning settings, and photoelectric settings.

Basic Settings: The basic settings include window layout, unit settings, target ID switch, reference point coordinate display switch and static target display switch, target flag size. The unit setting is used to set the display format of the longitude and latitude information of the bird.

Click Settings and click Restore Default below the window layout to restore the default values for all windows.

Click on the unit to toggle degrees/degrees, minutes, and seconds.

Click the Target ID toggle to display the Target ID and hide the Target ID on the map.

Click on the target flag size, and slide to adjust the global target size value ratio in the interface.

Reference point coordinate display switch: one-key to turn on and off reference point coordinates.

Static target display switch: Turn off the static target display with one click.

Personal Center

Displays the username, nickname, mobile phone number, and affiliation of the current login account, where the nickname can be changed online. As shown in the figure below:

Click on the Change Password column to change the password of the current login account. As shown in the figure below:

System administration

Click System Management to enter the system management page, which is divided into three entrances: group management, layer management, and early warning area. As shown in the figure below:

When adding a group, you need to set the group name, abbreviation, alert status (divided into never (the whitelist target type will not trigger the alert), default (equivalent to no alert rules), and always (the blacklist type is alerted)), color, text size, padding, outline size, and style preview [required]. As shown in the figure below:

After you add a group, you can edit, view, and delete it. You can query, reset, and refresh the group name based on the ambiguous or precise query.

Edit the page

Check out the page

Delete the page, click OK or Cancel

View the page, you can add goals, and you can add multiple goals in one group. After the target in the group is perceived by the multiple intelligence system, the target graphic on the map will be marked with special marks set by the corresponding group.

(1) Layer management

Layer management is used to draw the required layer information, and after the drawing is completed, the layer candidate list is loaded and displayed. Click the Layer Management tab to open the "Layer Management" interface. As shown in the figure below:

Adding layers can be added according to the preset layer types of the system, including national borders, provincial borders, ports, docks and other scene models, and you can customize the warning types under the layer. As shown in the figure below:

After adding a layer, you can edit the layer again, add a list of areas to the layer, or delete the layer.

Edit the layer interface

Add a list of regions

On the Delete Layer screen, click Confirm or Cancel

To add a region, click New Region, and set the region name, border width, border color, fill color, map drawing mode, and region type to create a new region.

Add a region page

Create a new region

(2) Early warning area

In view of the differences in supervision of each territory, users are allowed to draw an early warning area layer according to the personalized supervision of the region. Click the Alert Area tab entry. As shown in the figure below:

You can add an alert configuration, add an alert configuration, you need to set the configuration name, alert type, select the institution, filter the main switch, area name, border width, border color, fill color, map drawing mode, area type, and after the addition is completed, you can view, delete, query, reset, and refresh. As shown in the figure below:

(3) Icon management

You can query icons, add icon groups, and add icons for management.

Icon query interface

Added icon group interface

Back-office management

Click Background Management to set up user management and resource management. As shown in the figure below:

(1) User management

Click User Management, Account Management, for adding users, User Management - Account Management - Add Users - Fill in User Information - Create Now. As shown in the figure below:

Fill in the user information, as shown in the following figure:

(2) Institutional management

Click Organization Management to create an organization, query, reset, and filter.

Organization Management Interface

Create an organization interface

(3) Authority management

Click Permission Management to set the optoelectronic permission, radar permission, select the optoelectronic permission, give the corresponding photoelectric setting permission, select the radar permission, and set the permission to the corresponding radar.

Photoelectric permission interface

Radar permissions interface

(4) Resource permissions

Click Resource Permissions to set photoelectric permissions and radar permissions, select photoelectric management, query, reset, and filter, select radar management, query, reset, and filter, and then go through the permissions and view permissions after adding.

View permissions and edit permissions on the optoelectronic interface

View the Permissions and Edit Permissions radar interface

Interface design

The system data interface is designed with popular programming languages such as JAVA and C#, and the data interface is defined in JSON, WebService and other formats. In this solution, the JAVA programming language and JSON data interface are used as examples to provide the design of the target data interface and the alarm data interface.

Target data interface

Description of the request parameters

Parameter range

-180＜minLon＜maxLon＜180

-70＜minLat＜maxLat＜70

11＜zoom＜18

Sample request

Returns an example

Message body format

The message body is the first-level content that returns JSON content, and the format is fixed as follows:

Description of the data content

The result of the returned message body contains the specific data content, which is described as follows:

Alarm data interface

Description of the request parameters

Parameter range

0<startTime<endTime

Sample request

Returns an example

Message body format

The message body is the first-level content that returns JSON content, and the format is fixed as follows:

Description of the data content

The [result] of the returned message body is an array of alarm messages, and the specific data content of each alarm message is described as follows:

Integration and implementation

Integrate and implement a holistic approach

For the construction content of the project, we will set up a project implementation team, including project managers, hardware engineers, software engineers, installation and commissioning engineers. Our company has radar, optoelectronic and other equipment required for the project, which can quickly complete the pre-factory integration and testing of the project equipment within the company, transport it to the project site after the factory test, deploy and debug it in the site provided by the user, and finally carry out on-site functional testing and performance testing according to the bidding technical indicators; After passing the test, on-site technical training will be carried out and delivered to users.

Integration and implementation methods

The equipment installation and commissioning will be completed within 15 working days after the contract is signed.

In view of the heavy tasks and tight construction period of this project, the following countermeasures are proposed:

Positioned as a key project of the company, it is inclined in terms of funds and personnel, and the project funds are earmarked;

Formulate a feasible schedule under the overall schedule, and leave a margin to formulate the construction schedule separately;

Before the construction enters the site, it is necessary to do a good job of pre-construction preparations, which require more manpower construction than general projects, and carry out integration tests before the equipment leaves the factory to ensure that after the equipment enters the site, it can be started through simple equipment debugging.

In order to ensure the project duration, fully understand the project site before the equipment enters the site, prepare the conditions for on-site installation, commissioning and testing, and ensure the smooth construction process.

Integrated implementation of management system construction

The plan disclosure meeting system

(1) The deepening design of the plan should be self-reviewed first, and the person in charge of each subsystem shall convene relevant personnel to organize internal self-review, and discuss and correct the problems found in the self-review.

(2) After the plan is self-reviewed, the problems found but cannot be solved and the relevant suggestions will be recorded, and submitted for discussion and resolution during the plan review.

(3) The technical person in charge of the project shall convene the person in charge of each subsystem and technical personnel to conduct the plan deepening design review.

(4) In the triage, it is necessary to focus on reviewing whether the solution design meets the requirements of Party A, the technical difficulties that may arise, and the division of labor and cooperation between the subsystems, so as to obtain a satisfactory solution.

(5) After the triage, the plan triage record shall be sorted out, and it shall take effect after being signed and sealed by the participants in the triage.

(6) After approval, the detailed design plan shall be disclosed before the start of the project. Presided over by the technical person in charge of the project, the person in charge of each subsystem will disclose the construction plan to all construction personnel, and introduce the characteristics of the project, construction deployment, task division, construction methods, construction progress, various management measures, etc.

(7) The time, place, and signature of the person who made the disclosure should be clearly stated in the disclosure formalities, and the records should be kept and archived.

Schedule adjustment system

(1) The adjustment of the schedule shall be carried out regularly according to the implementation record of the schedule, and the schedule shall be inspected from time to time as needed.

(2) The inspection of the schedule includes the following:

1) the completion of the workload;

2) the implementation of working hours;

3) the use of resources and their alignment with schedule;

4) The handling of the problems raised in the last inspection.

(3) After the schedule is checked, the progress report shall be prepared according to the following contents:

1) a comprehensive description of the progress implementation;

2) Comparison of actual progress with planned progress;

3) Analysis of the implementation problems and causes of the schedule;

4) the impact of schedule implementation on quality, safety and cost;

5) Measures taken and forecasts of future planned progress.

(4) The adjustment of the schedule includes the following:

1) Workload;

2) start and end times;

3) working relationships;

4) resource supply;

5) Necessary target adjustments.

(5) After the schedule is adjusted, a new schedule shall be prepared, and the supervision party and Party A shall be communicated in a timely manner, and it can only be implemented after confirmation.

Safety management system

(1) In order to strengthen the safety production management of the project, implement the project safety production responsibility system, ensure the safety of national property and laborers, and ensure the smooth implementation of the project, this system is formulated according to the specific situation of the construction and management of the project.

(2) The project implementation unit is the first person responsible for the safety management of engineering construction, and is responsible for the safety construction of the whole process of project construction, and bears the responsibility of organizing, coordinating and supervising the safe construction of project construction.

(3) The project implementation unit must conscientiously implement the national guidelines, policies, decrees, regulations and various rules and regulations related to production safety. Implement the principle of "managing the safety of the project", so that the safety work is inspected and evaluated while the project is inspected and evaluated in the process of project construction.

(4) The project implementation unit shall establish and improve the safety management system of the project according to the needs of construction safety and the current relevant regulations.

(5) The project implementation unit shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations, determine the safety objectives of the entire project construction period and file them.

(6) The safety implementation team of the project implementation unit shall be established for the implementation of the project, and the necessary safety management personnel shall be equipped.

(7) According to the construction safety characteristics of the project, the project implementation unit shall formulate a safety technical measures plan and carefully organize its implementation. Priority should be given to the funds required for security technical measures and protection, and the use of them should be supervised.

(8) The project implementation unit shall organize a comprehensive safety inspection on a regular basis, issue a "safety supervision notice" to the hidden dangers and management loopholes found, and rectify them within a time limit.

(9) The construction safety accidents that occur in the construction area of the project shall be included in the project accident statistics and included in the safety target assessment of the project implementation unit. If a safety accident occurs during the construction of the project, the accident unit shall report to the project department in a timely manner in accordance with the provisions of accident statistics and reporting.

(10) The implementation unit shall organize and participate in the investigation and aftermath of the accident in accordance with the provisions of the relevant safety accident investigation procedures.

Civilized construction system

(1) Construction materials should be stacked neatly and should not encroach on public facilities.

(2) Do a good job of construction site sanitation and clarify the person responsible for construction site hygiene.

(3) Establish and improve the safety and security system, implement the person responsible for on-site safety management, and all personnel on the construction site must be equipped with a work card, which has their own photo, name, unit, type of work or position.

(4) Regularly educate construction personnel on law and discipline and civilization, and strictly prohibit illegal activities such as pornography, gambling, and drugs at the construction site.

(5) Strictly implement the project construction procedures and adhere to the principle of design first and construction later.

(6) Do a good job of design, and the design documents shall not be used for construction if they have not passed the review.

Organizational Coordination System

(1) It is necessary to establish the idea of a game of chess for the project, and abandon the wrong thinking and prevarication of the interests of all manufacturers and construction units.

(2) All the work related to the project, the manufacturers and construction units involved should actively participate, and the project leader is responsible for unified coordination and deployment. No manufacturer or construction unit shall refuse to participate for any reason, nor shall it passively cope with it or even withdraw halfway.

(3) The cooperation between the manufacturers and the construction unit should start from the overall situation of the project. Principle is emphasized in big things, friendship is emphasized in small things, and we insist on focusing on projects and work to ensure the smooth development of engineering projects.

(4) In the process of construction, if the manufacturers and construction units shirk or do not cooperate without reason and cause losses, the responsible persons and their units shall be given warnings, held accountable and compensated for losses.

Meeting system

(1) Convening a meeting is one of the important methods of project management, in view of the importance of confidential engineering projects, it is necessary to develop a project management meeting system, the types of meetings include: regular technical meetings, regular engineering meetings and special meetings.

(2) All relevant personnel of all kinds of meetings must participate in all kinds of meetings, and make attendance records as one of the bases for personnel evaluation; All kinds of meetings must be recorded by a special person, archived as a project management document, and distributed to all relevant parties in the form of email, and at the same time do a good job of post-meeting implementation.

(3) Regular technical meetings

1) Presided over by the project leader, the team leaders and relevant engineering and technical personnel participated, and arranged once a week according to the needs of the project implementation.

2) Study the deepening design scheme of each subsystem, the relevant technical problems in the construction, and discuss the solutions.

(4) Regular engineering meeting

1) Chaired by the project leader, with the participation of each group leader, once a week.

2) Listen to the report on the construction progress, project quality and safe and civilized production of the project.

3) Analyze the problems existing in the construction management of each subsystem, coordinate and solve the problems, and check and implement the relevant work.

(5) Thematic meetings

1) Presided over by the person in charge of the project, the relevant problems arising in the implementation of the special study, the relevant project leader, engineering and technical personnel to participate, if necessary, invite Party A and the supervision party to participate.

2) The topic of the meeting shall be proposed by the project leader or team leader, arranged from time to time, and relevant resolutions shall be formed and reported to the relevant departments for research.

Weekly reporting system

(1) In order to timely grasp the dynamics of project implementation, standardize the reporting behavior of emergencies and management in the process of project implementation, effectively prevent, timely discover and coordinate problems in project implementation, avoid or reduce losses caused by uncertain factors, and ensure the safety, quality and progress of the project, this system is specially formulated.

(2) Before 16:00 every Friday, the team and the construction unit shall report the weekly work report of the week in the form of e-mail. The main content of the weekly report includes the progress of the work of the previous week, the problems and solutions encountered in the work, and the work arrangement for the next week, etc., and the content of the weekly report is discussed at the regular engineering and technical meetings.

(3) For emergencies in the process of project implementation, it must be reported to the leaders of the project department immediately, and the report can take a variety of methods such as telephone, fax, and e-mail to ensure that the information is timely and the content is accurate.

(4) If the emergency situation cannot be properly handled due to concealment, omission or late reporting, causing serious consequences, the relevant responsible person shall be held accountable in accordance with the law.

Integrate and implement content

1 set of detection radar;

1 set of remote photoelectric video surveillance equipment;

1 set of radar photoelectric integrated processing machine;

1 set of radar photoelectric bird detection integrated early warning system platform and supporting software;

1 set of installation foundations.

Integration process

The first step is to conduct on-site investigation of the project construction site and system center site, design the system integration scheme in detail, and optimize the scheme according to the review opinions to form an executable system integration scheme.

The second step is to carry out the system FAT (Factory Acceptance Test) test, assemble and power-on the system equipment in the company, install the operating system software and application software, and carry out basic configuration of the software and hardware, and send the equipment to each site of the project after the system software and hardware can operate normally.

The third step is to deploy the server, router, and system application software in the system center, check that the deployment is qualified, and then start and debug.

The fourth step is to deploy radar equipment, optoelectronic equipment, integrated processing host, switch, and corresponding application software at the site, check that the deployment is qualified, start and debug, configure the parameters of the integrated processing machine, transmit the data of the site equipment to the system center, and enter the next stage of integration after passing the test.

The fifth step is to connect the data of each device of the site to the system center for system joint debugging test, load satellite image data, configure system alarm rules, configure radar signal interference area, equipment system user use rights, etc., and enter the next stage of integration after the system joint debugging is passed.

The sixth step is to carry out the trial operation of the system. Debug all the equipment of the system to the optimal performance, and arrange technical personnel to check whether the system functions and performance meet the contract requirements according to the standard operating system on duty. At the same time, systematic theory training is carried out. After the system is passed through the trial operation, it will enter the next stage of integration.

The seventh step is to organize users to carry out on-site system operation training, carry out project acceptance in accordance with the requirements of the contract, and deliver it to users after acceptance.

Project implementation

Preparation before implementation

(1) Preparation of materials

Clarify equipment parameters and system working parameters;

Consider the equipment maintenance space requirements in advance when designing;

In the design drawings, the necessary maintenance objects for setting up and debugging are fully considered;

The drawings and parameters are in place between the majors.

(2) System check

Check the debugging operation space: the inspection work before debugging should be in place, and the parts that are difficult to overhaul should be rectified in time to avoid delaying the progress of the debugging operation; Check the whole process of commissioning, review the test data, and avoid the problem of debugging omissions and data fraud caused by difficult equipment maintenance.

Eliminate all security risks before the system starts.

(3) Technical disclosure

Debugging technical disclosure: explain the system composition, debugging objectives and debugging methods to the debugging operators;

Protection requirements for finished products in the commissioning stage: clarify the protection requirements for finished products for cross-operation, and emphasize the protection responsibilities of construction personnel;

Commissioning safety disclosure: train operators on the requirements for safety protection measures in the commissioning stage and the implementation requirements of accident emergency plans;

On-site practical assessment: For key commissioning operations, workers are required to assess their practical ability under the supervision of the commissioning team and the construction team leader, and qualified personnel can take up their posts.

Equipment installation and commissioning

5G-A synaesthesia base station networking

(1) Meet coverage and capacity requirements

Referring to the calculated value of the link budget, the effective coverage of the base station will be fully considered, so that the system can meet the requirements of the planning index target, and fully ensure the coverage of important areas and specific routes in the wireless coverage area. In order to meet the business development of eVTOL, the communication and sensing altitude has reached 600 meters.

(2) Meet the requirements of network structure

The macro base station site will be evenly distributed as much as possible in the target coverage area, which meets the requirements of the cellular network structure, and generally requires that the deviation between the base station site distribution and the standard cellular structure should be less than 1/4 of the station spacing, and the ultra-near station and ultra-far station should be avoided.

In the continuous coverage area, it will avoid selecting existing high stations (the station height is greater than 50 meters or the station height is 15 meters higher than the surrounding buildings) that has a great impact on the network performance.

When selecting a site in an urban building group, the height of the building is used to realize the division of the network hierarchy.

Very high peaks on the edge of urban areas or suburbs (more than 100 meters above sea level in urban areas) are generally not considered as station sites, first, to facilitate the control of coverage and interference, and secondly, to reduce the difficulty of engineering construction and later maintenance;

Avoid setting the edge of the cell in a densely populated area, and good coverage is with and only one main coverage cell.

(3) Avoid the impact of the surrounding environment on the quality of the network

The antenna height of the macro base station is basically consistent in the coverage area and should not be too high, and there is no obvious obstruction in the direction of the main lobe of the antenna. The following aspects will also be taken into account when choosing a site:

The site selection should be in a place with convenient transportation, available mains power and safe environment; Avoid the vicinity of high-power radio transmitters, radar stations, or other sources of interference.

The site should be selected to be far away from the woods to avoid rapid fading of the signal.

Attention should be paid to the influence of signal reflection when selecting sites in mountainous areas, lake areas with steep or dense river banks, hilly cities, and environments with high-rise glass curtain wall buildings

The 5G-A base station covers the airspace above the horizontal line of the angle through a specially designed large antenna, and forms continuous coverage through cellular networking or fish-scale networking mode.

Networking side view

Cellular networking and fish scale networking

Radar installation and commissioning

The base is leveled

Straight line leveling: loosen 3 fastening nuts with a wrench, adjust the rise and fall of No. 1 and No. 2 ball screws with a wrench, and adjust the A bubble to the middle position, as shown in Figure 2;

Plane leveling: Use a wrench to adjust the rise and fall of the No. 3 ball screw, and adjust the B bubble and C bubble to the middle position. Tighten 3 fastening nuts with a wrench, as shown in Figure 3;

Figure 2 Figure 3

Radar erection and pitch adjustment

Erection and fixation: Place the radar lightly on the leveled base and use 4 M8 knurled nuts to fasten the radar to the base.

Pitch adjustment: Loosen the upper and lower lock nuts, rotate the pitch adjustment screw, adjust the pitch to the 80° position (tested with a level measuring instrument), and lock the upper and lower lock nuts.

Leveling inspection

Use the software to control the radar turntable to rotate at a speed of 10°/S, and observe the change range of the electronic compass of the radar software, the change range is less than 0.3° for the adjustment is qualified, if it is greater than 0.3°, the adjustment base is qualified to the value.

connection

After the radar confirms the level, connect the radar power cable and the network cable;

Radar power-on: Insert the radar power supply aviation port into the power supply base of the radar host, and plug the other end of the three-core into the mains socket;

Network port connection: Screw the network port head into the network port base of the radar host, and connect the other end to the switch.

debugging

Open the radar terminal software and follow the software operation instructions to configure parameters and debug performance.

Remote optoelectronic video installation and commissioning

The base is leveled

When installing the base, you need to find a smooth foundation. First, determine the mounting position of the base, and install the camera base and the optoelectronic device base in turn. Pay attention to the level of the base during installation to ensure that the gimbal can run smoothly.

Equipment installation

Before installing the optoelectronic device, you need to mount the optoelectronic device on the camera base, and then connect the camera to the gimbal bracket. Pay attention to the weight and stability of the optoelectronic equipment during installation to ensure that the gimbal bracket can operate stably.

Leveling inspection

Use a level to calibrate the mounting base and finally adjust it to a qualified value.

connection

After confirming the level, connect the power cable and network cable;

Power-on: Plug the power cord into the power cradle and plug the other end into the mains outlet;

Network port connection: Screw the network port aviation head into the optoelectronic network port base, and connect the other end to the switch.

debugging

After installation, it is necessary to debug the optoelectronic equipment to ensure that the optoelectronic equipment can operate normally and video surveillance. After logging in to the optoelectronic device debugging software, configure the camera connection, adjust the angle and range of the gimbal, and then calibrate and set it.

Installation and commissioning of radar integrated processing machine

The radar integrated processing machine is installed in a constant temperature cabinet and fixed with trays and support frames.

After the installation is complete, connect the power cable and network cable, and connect the other end of the network cable to the switch. Then the power-on debugging is carried out, the radar photoelectric integrated processing software and the intelligent bird detection system platform software are installed, and the software engineer configures and debugs the software according to the project design requirements.

Joint debugging of the whole machine

After the installation and commissioning of the equipment and software is completed, all the equipment is turned on for joint debugging of the whole machine, the operation status of each equipment and software is checked, and the system can be adjusted according to the operation status so that the system can work normally.

After the system works normally, carry out bird detection tests to check whether the function and performance of the system meet the bidding requirements. If there is a problem or the performance is not up to standard during the test, it will be debugged in the factory until the technical requirements of the tender are met.

Before the system equipment is shipped, turn off the power supply of each equipment, and carry out corresponding reinforcement measures, and formulate a targeted transportation plan to prevent damage during transportation.

Acceptance content and standards

Acceptance content

completeness of equipment inventory;

system functionality;

system performance;

Project technical documentation.

Acceptance criteria

1. Radar detection system

The detection range must be 8 km or more to cover the bird activity area around the airport.

At the same time, no less than 500 batches of target route data will be called, including batch number, distance, altitude, bearing, speed, threat level and other information.

The detection range should be 0°-360° horizontal, 0°-30° pitch, and the maximum detection height should not be less than 700 meters.

The blind zone should be controlled within 100 meters to ensure effective detection of targets at close range.

The system must have the ability to update data quickly, and the data rate of weekly scanning mode and fan scanning mode shall not exceed 2 seconds/time, and the refresh data rate of tracking mode shall not exceed 1 second/time.

The power consumption of the system in weekly scanning mode should be controlled within 300 watts.

Radar equipment needs to have the functions of self-test and fault prompt to facilitate rapid positioning and problem solving.

The equipment needs to have rainproof and lightning protection functions to adapt to the harsh environment of the airport field.

The operating temperature range needs to be from -35°C to +60°C to ensure normal operation in extreme climatic conditions.

The false alarm rate should be controlled within 10%, and useless data such as radar clutter, ground vehicles, personnel and surrounding buildings (structures) should be screened out through technical means.

The resolution needs to reach a distance of ≤20 meters, an azimuth ≤ 2°, and an elevation ≤3° to ensure accurate detection of the target.

The measurement accuracy must meet the distance measurement accuracy ≤ 10 m (RMS), azimuth ≤0.3° (RMS), elevation ≤0.3° (RMS), velocity accuracy ≤0.5 m/s (RMS), and the velocity range must cover 0.5 m/s to 150 m/s.

2. Optoelectronic systems

In good daytime weather, the detection and tracking distance of large birds (such as herons, birds of prey, etc.) should reach or exceed 3 km, medium birds (such as domestic pigeons, magpies, etc.) should not be less than 1.5 km, and small birds (such as sparrows, swallows, etc.) should not be less than 1 km.

In good night weather, the detection and tracking distance of large birds should reach or exceed 2 km, medium birds should not be less than 1 km, and small birds should not be less than 500 meters.

The system needs to be able to display the lens field of view and focus information, as well as the azimuth and tilt angle information.

Support optical and electronic continuous zoom, electronic zoom factor is not less than 1-6 times.

The resolution of visible light imaging must be at or above 1920×1080, and the optical fog transmission function must be supported.

The thermal imaging resolution must reach or exceed 1280×1024, and the pseudo-color of thermal imaging video supports no less than 6 modes.

The focal length of the thermal imaging lens must be 150 mm or more, and the optical zoom factor must not be less than 8x.

The device needs to have a power-off protection function to ensure data security.

It can be operated with a joystick, keyboard, or mouse, and can adjust the direction, focal length, and magnification.

The operating temperature of the optoelectronic equipment should be from -35°C to +60°C to adapt to the airport field environment.

The optoelectronic system needs to be used in conjunction with the radar detection system, with tracking and capture functions, and display information such as population height and number on the photoelectric interface.

3. Bird Condition Analysis System

The system needs to have the function of receiving, displaying and warning target detection information in real time to ensure that airport staff can grasp the bird activity in a timely manner.

Automatically determine the bird target and divide the threat level, and mark the danger level according to the height and distance parameters of the target scanned by the radar.

The data storage time needs to reach 3 months or more, and the data playback function is supported for subsequent analysis and research.

The system needs to be able to display real-time data images of radar and optoelectronic systems at the same time, and support dual-screen display.

It has the function of bird database, stores bird activity data, and provides data support for the airport bird repelling work.

The system needs to automatically generate accurate bird data analysis reports, including key bird analysis, risk period analysis, risk area analysis, and support the generation of written charts. The analysis report is generated at least once a week.

The system software needs to have the ability to be continuously optimized and upgraded, and the function expansion port and information transmission channel should be reserved to support the transmission of information to the location designated by the purchaser.

Equipped with no less than 4 monitors, supporting independent operation functions.

The operating platform shall be a stand-alone operation and shall not rely on the Purchaser's existing equipment, but the Supplier shall cooperate and provide support if the Purchaser has other requirements.

other

Enforce the standard

1) Radar equipment must comply with the relevant national standards for electronic equipment and have electromagnetic compatibility to ensure stable operation in the complex electromagnetic environment of the airport.

2) The optoelectronic system needs to meet the requirements of the current national standard GA/T 298-2001 to ensure image quality and equipment performance.

3) The bird situation analysis system should comply with the relevant national and military standards on airport safety management to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data.

4) The installation, commissioning and operation of the equipment shall follow the national safety production standards to ensure the safety of operators and equipment.

5) Suppliers shall provide equipment that meets national environmental protection standards to ensure that the equipment does not pollute the airport environment during operation.

Equipment Requirements:

Quality requirements

1) All equipment must be new and unused original products, with complete quality inspection reports and certificates.

2) The equipment needs to go through strict factory testing and quality inspection to ensure stable and reliable performance.

3) The supplier shall provide detailed technical documentation and operation manual of the equipment to ensure that the purchaser can use and maintain the equipment correctly.

Safety requirements

1) Radar equipment should have lightning protection and rainproof functions to adapt to the harsh weather conditions in the airport field.

2) The installation and commissioning of the equipment shall comply with the national safety production standards to ensure the safety of operators.

3) The photoelectric system shall have a power-off protection function to prevent equipment damage or data loss caused by sudden power failure.

Technical Specifications and Performance Requirements

1) The radar detection system needs to meet the requirements of technical indicators such as detection distance, target capacity, and data update rate.

2) The photoelectric system needs to meet the requirements of technical indicators such as action distance, imaging resolution, zoom function, etc.

3) The bird condition analysis system needs to have functions such as real-time data processing, threat level classification, and data analysis report generation.

Physical property requirements

1) The appearance of the equipment should be neat and undamaged, and the structural design should be reasonable, which is easy to install and maintain.

2) The equipment and materials must meet the national environmental protection standards to ensure long-term stable operation in the airport environment.

3) The installation of the equipment shall be firm and reliable, meet the requirements of the airport site, and shall not cause damage to the airport facilities.

Service Requirements

1) Complete the installation and commissioning of the equipment within 15 working days after the contract is signed.

2) Our technical personnel will train the purchaser's personnel for no less than 15 days.

3) If the equipment fails, the equipment manufacturer will rush to the purchaser within 24 hours for maintenance until it returns to normal state.

4) If the repair time is more than 24 hours, the rental time will be extended accordingly.

5) After the expiration of the lease, the direct storage medium of the equipment shall be managed by the purchaser free of charge.

List and budget of system equipment

According to the above plan, the list and budget of the system equipment are as follows:

Unit: 10,000 yuan

Note: 1. The above budget does not include land acquisition, design, supervision, bidding, project management and other expenses;

2. The cost of external data access shall be calculated separately according to the type and quantity of access data.