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埃隆·马斯克传笔记Elon Musk passing notes
El·on Musk passing notes



The Biography of Elon Musk is the work of Walter Isaacson. In 2023, it was selected into Amazon's "Top 10 Books of 2023" list, ranking ninth. Book more than 600 pages, this article is their own reading notes, released here, hope to be available for your reference. There is no record of Elon Musk's emotional content in this article.



catalogue

1. First principles



2. Idiocy Index



3. Five-step work method



4. What makes a co-founder



5. Set a deadline



6. Iterative design method



7. Encourage alternative repair methods



8. Results-oriented delivery contract



9. Bring departments together to work



10. Lack of empathy



11. Choose one of two



12. A good thing takes many pains



13. Innovation of Tesla model S



14. Obama's endorsement



15. Take the lead and charge in groups



16. Cut people cruel



《埃隆·马斯克传》是沃尔特·艾萨克森的作品。2023年,入选亚马逊“2023年十佳图书”榜单,排名第九。全书600多页,此文是自己的读书笔记,在此发布,希望可供大家参考。关于埃隆·马斯克情感方面的内容,本文没有记录。
Elon · Musk Biography is the work of Walter · Isaacson. In 2023, it was selected into Amazon's "Top 10 Books of 2023" list, ranking ninth. The book is more than 600 pages, this article is my own reading notes, published here, I hope it can be used for your reference. Regarding Elon · Musk's emotional aspects, this article is not documented.

目录
directory

1.第一性原理
1. First principles

2.白痴指数
2. Idiot index

3.五部工作法
3. Five-part working method

4.什么人能成为联合创始人
4. Who can be a co-founder

5.设定最后期限
5. Set deadlines

6.迭代式设计方法
6. Iterative design approach

7.鼓励非主流修复方法
7. Encourage non-mainstream remediation methods

8.结果导向交付合同
8. Result-oriented delivery contracts

9.把各部门汇聚在一起工作
9. Bring all departments together to work

10.缺少同理心
10. Lack of empathy

11.二选一
11. Choose one of the two

12.好事多磨,四发才成
12. Good things are grinding, and only four shots can be made

13.特斯拉model S的创新
13. Innovations of the Tesla Model S

14.奥巴马的支持
14. Obama's support

15.亲自挂帅,集体冲锋
15. Take command in person and charge collectively

16.狠心裁人
16. Ruthless

17.去自动化
17. Go automated

18.一体压铸
18. One-piece die-casting

19.卖掉所有房产
19. Sell all the property

20.创造历史
20. Make history

21.打破既有规则和禁令
21. Break established rules and prohibitions

22.X情结
22.X complex

23.贝索斯
23. Bezos

24.灵感4号任务
24. Inspiration No. 4 Quest

25.删得不够多
25. Delete not enough

26.转移注意力的方法
26. Ways to divert attention

27.一些惊人的财富数字
27. Some amazing wealth figures

28.星链用在乌克兰
28. Starlink is used in Ukraine

29.觉醒文化
29. Awakening culture

30.比尔·盖茨
30. Bill · Gates

31.收购推特
31. Acquisition of Twitter

32.推特文化
32. Twitter Culture

33.推特三轮“血洗”
33. Three rounds of "bloodbath" on Twitter

34.特斯拉自动驾驶算法
34. Tesla's self-driving algorithm

35.人工智能与机器人
35. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

36.人工智能的角力
36. The wrestling of artificial intelligence

37.星舰
37. Starship

第一性原理
First principles

第一性原理(First Principles)是一个哲学概念,起源于古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的理论。它指的是在一个理性系统中不可或缺的基础前提或条件,是系统的起点和基石。第一性原理主张回归事物最基本的条件,通过拆分各要素进行解构分析,找到实现目标的最优路径。
First Principles is a philosophical concept that originated from the theories of the ancient Greece philosopher Aristotle. It refers to the basic premise or condition that is indispensable in a rational system, and is the starting point and cornerstone of the system. First Principles advocates returning to the most basic conditions of things, and finding the optimal path to achieve the goal by splitting each element for deconstruction and analysis.

白痴指数
Idiot index

用零件的价格除以这个零件所需原材料的成本。数字越大,代表这个零件 “越白痴”,要么中间环节太多,要么制造效率太低。
Divide the price of a part by the cost of the raw materials required for that part. The higher the number, the more idiotic the part, either there are too many intermediate links, or the manufacturing efficiency is too low.

五步工作法
Five-step approach

质疑-删除-优化-加速-自动化
Question-Delete-Optimize-Accelerate-Automate

质疑:对每个任务或需求进行质疑,确保每个要求都是必要的,避免被表面的专业性所迷惑。
Questioning: Question every task or need, make sure every request is necessary, and avoid being fooled by superficial professionalism.

删除:删除不必要的流程和步骤,简化问题,使工作更加高效。
Delete: Remove unnecessary processes and steps, simplify issues, and make work more efficient.

优化:在删除和简化之后,对剩下的部分进行优化,确保每个步骤都是最优的。
Optimization: After deletion and simplification, optimize the rest to ensure that each step is optimal.

加速:加快工作流程和迭代速度,确保创新和改进能够快速推向市场。
Accelerate: Accelerate workflows and iterations to ensure innovations and improvements can be brought to market quickly.

自动化:将重复性的任务交给机器或软件完成,释放人力资源进行更有创造性的工作。
Automation: Leave repetitive tasks to machines or software, freeing up human resources for more creative work.

这种方法不仅适用于个人工作,还可以应用于组织管理和项目执行中,帮助团队提高工作效率和质量。
This approach is not only suitable for individual work, but can also be applied to organizational management and project execution, helping teams improve efficiency and quality.

这套工作法衍生出一些推论,包括:
A number of inferences have been drawn from this approach, including:

所有技术经理都必须有实战经验,比如说软件团队的管理人员必须至少花20%的时间进行编程,太阳能屋顶业务的经理必须花时间在屋顶上亲自做安装工作。否则光说不练,他们就像是不会骑马的骑兵队队长、不会舞刀弄枪的将军。
All technical managers must have hands-on experience, for example, managers of software teams must spend at least 20% of their time programming, and managers of solar rooftop businesses must spend time doing installation work on rooftops. Otherwise, they are like cavalry captains who can't ride horses, generals who can't wield knives and guns.

“你好,我好,大家好”是很危险的,人们会因此不再质疑同事的工作成果。人们天然有一种倾向是不想把要好的同事踢下船,而这种危险倾向一定要避免。
"Hello, hello, hello everyone" is dangerous and causes people to stop questioning the work of their colleagues. There is a natural tendency to not want to kick a good colleague off the boat, and this dangerous tendency must be avoided.

犯错没关系,但错了还不肯低头就不行。
It's okay to make mistakes, but it's okay if you don't bow your head if you're wrong.

永远不要要求你的团队做你自己都不愿意做的事。
Never ask your team to do something you wouldn't want to do yourself.

每当有问题需要解决时,不要只与你直接管理的相关负责人聊。深入调研就要跨层级沟通,去跟你属下的属下直接交流吧。
Whenever there's a problem that needs to be solved, don't just talk to the person in charge you're directly managing with you. In-depth research requires cross-level communication, go and communicate directly with your subordinates.

招聘要招态度端正的人。技能是可以教的,但要扭转一个人的工作态度可就太费劲了,得给他“换个脑子”。·疯狂的紧迫感是我们公司运作的法则。
Recruit people with the right attitude. Skills can be taught, but it's too hard to change a person's attitude to work, and you have to give him a "change of brain." · A crazy sense of urgency is the law of our company.

唯一要遵守的规则就是物理学定律能推导出来的规则,其他一切都只是建议。
The only rules to be followed are those that can be derived from the laws of physics, and everything else is just advice.

什么人能成为联合创始人
Who can be a co-founder

如果你不愿意躬身⼊局,⽤你的⾦钱和智慧去投资⼀家公司,你就没有资格成为创始⼈。“你不能⼀边要求把两年的⼯资托管起来,⼀边还觉得⾃⼰是联合创始⼈。”⻢斯克说,“想成为联合创始⼈,必须在付出聪明才智、⾟勤耕耘的同时勇于承担⻛险。”
If you're not willing to jump in and invest in a company with your money and wisdom, you're not qualified to be a founder. "You can't ask for two years of salary to be held in escrow and still feel like you're a co-founder." "If you want to be a co-founder, you have to be smart and hard-working, and you have to take risks. ”

设定最后期限
Set deadlines

⻢斯克坚持设定各种不切实际的最后期限,即使在没有必要的时候也是如此,⽐如他命令⼤家在⼏周内为尚未建成的⽕箭发动机搭建试验台。他反复宣称:“服从于狂热的紧迫感才是我们的⼯作原则。”这种紧迫感就其本身⽽⾔是好东⻄,它让⼯程师必须按照第⼀性原理去思考。但这也有其缺点,当做一件很难或根本完不成的目标时,会打击士气。
Marsk insisted on setting unrealistic deadlines, even when they weren't necessary, such as ordering people to build test beds for rocket engines that had not yet been built in a matter of weeks. He repeatedly declared: "Submission to a fanatical sense of urgency is our working principle." "This sense of urgency is good in itself, and it makes engineers have to think in terms of first principles. But this also has its drawbacks, and when it comes to a difficult or impossible goal, it can be demoralizing.

迭代式设计方法
Iterative design approach

⻢斯克采取了⼀种迭代式的设计⽅法:迅速制成⽕箭和发动机原型,进⾏测试,炸毁,修改,再次尝试,直到最后做出能⽤的东⻄。快速推进,把试验品炸掉,然后重复这⼀过程。“你不需要完美地规避多少问题,”穆勒说,“关键是你能多快找出问题,然后解决它。”。同时,这种对设计迭代的信念意味着SpaceX需要⼀个对试验要求宽松的测试场所。
Marsk took an iterative approach to design: prototypes of rockets and engines were quickly made, tested, blown up, modified, tried again, and finally made something that worked. Push quickly, blow up the test item, and repeat the process. "You don't need to circumvent a lot of problems perfectly," Mueller said, "and it's all about how quickly you can figure out the problem and then fix it." ”。 At the same time, this belief in design iteration meant that SpaceX needed a testing site that was lenient on experimentation.

鼓励非主流修复方法
Non-mainstream remediation methods are encouraged

⻢斯克愿意在⼯⼚通宵达旦地⼯作,实践创新的想法,⿎励他的⼯程师不要害怕尝试⾮主流的修复⽅法。所以在SpaceX,⼀种制造模式被固化了下来:不断尝试新的想法,然后随时准备炸掉做好的东⻄。
Marsk is willing to work overnight in the factory, implementing innovative ideas, and encourages his engineers not to be afraid to try alternative fixes. So at SpaceX, a manufacturing model is solidified: constantly trying new ideas, and then being ready to blow up the good stuff at any time.

结果导向交付合同
Result-oriented delivery contracts

SpaceX开创了另一种⽅式,由私营公司竞标执⾏特定的任务,⽐如将政府需要的有效载荷发射到轨道上。这些公司⽤⾃⼰的资⾦承担⻛险,只有当他们完成某些关键验收环节时才能得到报酬。这种基于发射结果的固定价格合同允许私营公司掌控⽕箭的设计和制造过程,其参数范围没有被规定死,⽽是更灵活、更宽泛。如果它打造的⽕箭具有成本效益,获得了成功,就可以赚很多钱,但如果失败了,就会损失很多钱。⻢斯克说:“这种机制是结果导向的激励⽅式,⽽不是⿎励你在建造过程中浪费资源。”
SpaceX has pioneered an alternative way for private companies to bid for specific tasks, such as launching government-needed payloads into orbit. These companies take risks with their own funds and are only paid when they complete certain critical acceptance steps. This fixed-price contract based on the results of the launch allows private companies to take control of the rocket's design and manufacturing process, and its parameters are not rigid, but more flexible and broader. If it builds a rocket that is cost-effective and successful, it can make a lot of money, but if it fails, it loses a lot of money. "It's a result-based incentive rather than encouraging you to waste resources in the build," Marsk said. ”

把各部门汇聚在一起工作
Bringing departments together to work

将技术、工程和设计人员从独立分开的部门会聚在一起办公,提升相互沟通的效率。
Bring technical, engineering, and design staff together from separate departments to communicate more effectively.

马斯克会让工程师和设计师共处一室,冯·霍兹豪森说:“这样做希望达成的目标就是,我们要培养出一群像工程师一样思考的设计师,再培养出一群像设计师一样思考的工程师。”
Musk will let engineers and designers live in the same room, von · Hodzhausen said: "The goal of this is that we want to produce a group of designers who think like engineers, and then train a group of engineers who think like designers."

这与史蒂夫·乔布斯和乔纳森·伊夫在苹果公司贯彻的设计法则是一致的:设计不仅是美学问题。真正的工业设计必须将产品的外观与它的工程问题联系在一起。乔布斯曾经解释说:“在大多数人看来,设计就是徒有其表,但实际上没有什么工作能比设计的意义更深入。设计是人造产品的灵魂内核,它最终体现在人造物由表及里的所有层次当中。”
This is consistent with the design principle that Steve · Jobs and Jonathan · Yves implemented at Apple: design is not just an aesthetic issue. True industrial design must tie the appearance of a product to its engineering problems. Steve Jobs once explained, "Most people think of design as nothing more than what it is." Design is the soul of man-made products, and it is ultimately embodied in all levels of man-made objects, from the surface to the inside. ”

马斯克让设计工程师负责生产,让设计师要对生产过程负责,不能当甩手掌柜,如果设计出来的生产成本很高,就得更改设计方案。
Musk let the design engineer be responsible for the production, let the designer be responsible for the production process, not be the shopkeeper, if the design of the production cost is very high, you have to change the design plan.

缺少同理心
Lack of empathy

兄弟、同事和妻子都反馈马斯克缺少同理心,批评人也可以毫不留情面,这可能与他童年的经历有关。这种特质在比尔盖茨、乔布斯、贝索斯也有体现。他们在事业上的成功是否与这种特质有关呢?
Brothers, colleagues and wives have all reported that Musk lacks empathy and critics can be ruthless, which may have something to do with his childhood experiences. This trait is also reflected in Bill Gates, Jobs, and Bezos. Does their success in their careers have something to do with this trait?

二选一
Choose one of the two

2008年是马斯克最艰难的一年,离婚、SpaceX的猎鹰一号火箭第三次发射失败、特斯拉现金流差到找人借钱等。马斯克压力极大,人们认为他必须在SpaceX和特斯拉之间二选一。人们越是逼他选择,他就越发抵触,但他无法舍弃任何一个“孩子”。
2008 was Musk's most difficult year, with divorce, the failure of SpaceX's Falcon 1 rocket for the third launch, and Tesla's poor cash flow to find someone to borrow money. Musk is under so much pressure that people think he has to choose between SpaceX and Tesla. The more people forced him to choose, the more he resisted, but he couldn't give up any of his "children".

8年前PayPal创始人开除了马斯克,其中部分人成立了投资基金,这次选择帮助马斯克,给SpaceX投了2千万,算是挽救了危机。
8 years ago, the founder of PayPal fired Musk, some of whom set up an investment fund, this time chose to help Musk, invested 20 million in SpaceX, which can be regarded as saving the crisis.

好事多磨,四发才成
Good things are grinding, and four shots are successful

猎鹰1号第四次发射总算成功了,它创造了历史,成为第一个由私人制造的、从地面进入预定轨道的火箭。马斯克的团队只有500名员工(波音公司的同类部门有五万人),他们从头开始设计整个系统,自己完成所有建造工作,几乎没有外包,而且资金也是私人提供的,主要来自马斯克本人。 SpaceX签订了为NASA和其他客户执行任务的合同,但他们只有在发射成功后才会得到报酬,没有补贴,也没有成本加成合同。
The fourth launch of the Falcon 1 was a success, making history as the first privately built rocket to enter a predetermined orbit from the ground. Musk's team has only 500 employees (50,000 in its equivalent division at Boeing), and they design the entire system from scratch, do all the construction work themselves, with little to no outsourcing, and the funding is also provided privately, mostly from Musk himself. SpaceX has contracts to perform missions for NASA and other customers, but they are only paid after a successful launch, with no subsidies and no cost-plus contracts.

特斯拉model S的创新
Innovations in Tesla's Model S

电池包尽可能薄,放置于车底下,从而给用户足够头部空间的同时,避免车。
The battery pack is as thin as possible and placed under the car to give the user enough headroom while avoiding the car.

门把手表面与车齐平,其能感应司机的走近,然后亮起并弹出。
The door handle is flush with the car, sensing the driver's approach, then illuminating and popping out.

装有一块驾驶员触手可及的大尺寸触摸屏,可以调控灯光、温度、座椅位置、悬架水平、喇叭声等。将车视作软件实体,而不仅仅是硬件实体,就能让车不断地迭代升级,新增功能通过无线网络推送给车辆。
It is equipped with a large touchscreen that is within the driver's fingertips, allowing you to adjust the lights, temperature, seat position, suspension level, horn sound, and more. Treating the car as a software entity, not just a hardware entity, allows the car to be continuously iteratively upgraded, and new functions are pushed to the vehicle through the wireless network.

奥巴马的支持
Obama's support

奥巴马放弃原先的星座计划,转而允许私营公司开发火箭送货或宇航员,这无疑极大利好SpaceX。2010年猎鹰9号尝试了首次成功进行了不载人的实验性入轨飞行,证明了SpaceX的能力,这也支持了奥巴马的决策。
Obama's abandonment of the original constellation program in favor of allowing private companies to develop rocket deliveries or astronauts is undoubtedly a huge boon for SpaceX. In 2010, the Falcon 9 attempted the first successful experimental flight into orbit without a crew, proving SpaceX's capabilities, which also supported Obama's decision.

亲自挂帅,集体冲锋
Take command in person and charge collectively

为了达到每周生产5000辆model3的目标,马斯克决定搬进工厂车间带大家一起大干一场,带着一群疯狂的小伙伴,每周七天,每天24小时保持集体冲锋的状态,体现了马斯克在公司要求大家达到的那种不要命的工作。
In order to achieve the goal of producing 5,000 Model 3s per week, Musk decided to move into the factory floor and take everyone to do a big job together, with a group of crazy friends, 7 days a week, 24 hours a day to maintain a state of collective charge, reflecting the kind of deadly work that Musk requires everyone to achieve in the company.

狠心裁人
Ruthless

虽然团队精神的确存在于马斯克带领的队伍中,但他待人的态度依然可能是冷漠粗暴的。经常粗暴的开除某些人,他认为你要是想对这些人好一点,那你实际上就是对其他员工不负责任他认为你要是想对这些人好一点,那你实际上就是对其他员工不负责任,他们干的好,那如果我不处理这个工作区域的问题点,大家都会受累。
While team spirit does exist in Musk's team, his attitude towards people can still be cold and rude. He thinks that if you want to be nice to these people, then you are actually irresponsible to other employees, and if you want to be nice to these people, then you are actually irresponsible to other employees, and they do a good job, so if I don't deal with the problems in this work area, everyone will suffer.

去自动化
Go automated

自20世纪初有流水线以来,,一般工厂的设计分两步走,第一步是搭建生产线,工人要在每个工位上完成特定的任务;要不是生产线跑通后,机器人和其他设备陆续进场,渐进式地替代一部分工人的工作。
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the design of the general factory has been divided into two steps, the first step is to build the production line, and the workers have to complete specific tasks at each station; If it weren't for the fact that after the production line was run through, robots and other equipment would have entered the site one after another, gradually replacing the work of some workers.

然而马斯克把这两部颠倒过来。马斯克要求找出生产线上每一个存在自动化障碍的环节,看看去掉自动化后是不是能完成得更好。务必要等到设计过程的其他部分都做完以后,在你质疑了所有要求,拒绝了所有不必要的部分以后,再引入自动化设备。
However, Musk turned the two upside down. Musk asked to find out every link in the production line where there are obstacles to automation, and see if it can be done better without automation. It's important to wait until the rest of the design process has been done, after you've questioned all the requirements and rejected all the unnecessary parts, before introducing automation.

一体压铸
One-piece die-casting

2018年底,一个model s的玩具车模给了马斯克灵感,它的车底被压铸成了一个整块金属。生产真车时,过去生产一个底盘需要将100多个零件焊接,铆接或者黏合在一起,这种老工艺带来的问题就是容易出现缝隙、响声和泄露。真车底盘很大,没有铸造机可以处理这么大块儿东西,马斯克询问了六家公司,只有一家公司答应尝试。工艺流程的变革让底盘从非常棘手的一个大麻烦,变成了一个铸造过程极其便宜,简单,快速的东西。
At the end of 2018, Musk was inspired by a toy model of a Model S, which was molded into a single piece of metal underneath. In the past, more than 100 parts needed to be welded, riveted or glued together to produce a chassis, and the problems with this old process were that they were prone to gaps, noises and leaks. The chassis of the real car is large, and there is no casting machine that can handle such a large piece of things, Musk asked six companies, and only one company agreed to try. The change in the process has changed the chassis from a very tricky big hassle to an extremely cheap, simple and fast casting process.

卖掉所有房产
Sell all the properties

马斯克的儿子泽维尔在16岁变性成女人,改名为詹娜,她很愤青,认为有钱人是魔鬼。詹娜的愤青态度让马斯克更关注那些针对亿万富翁的攻击。马斯克卖掉了之前的豪宅。
Musk's son Xavier, who changed his name to Jenner at the age of 16, was resentful and thought that rich people were devils. Jenner's angry attitude has made Musk more focused on attacks on billionaires. Musk sold his previous mansion.

创造历史
Make history

2020年5⽉,⼀枚猎鹰9号⽕箭准备将两名NASA宇航员送往国际空间站,⽕箭头部是载⼈⻰⻜船。这是⼈类有史以来第⼀次由私营公司将⼈类送⼊预定轨道。终结了在此10年以来,美国无法将人类送上太空的状况。
In May 2020, a Falcon 9 rocket prepares to send two NASA astronauts to the International Space Station, with a manned ship at the head of the rocket. This is the first time in human history that a private company has put a human being into a predetermined orbit. It ended the 10-year inability of the United States to send humans into space.

打破既有规则和禁令
Break established rules and prohibitions

⻢斯克总想加快⼯作进度,承担更多⻛险,打破各种常规,质疑各类要求,所以他能够实现那些了不起的成就,⽐如将⼈类送⼊预定轨道、⼤规模销售电动⻋、让家庭⽤户脱离电⽹⾃给⾃⾜。这也意味着他所做的事情,要么⽆视了SEC提出的各项要求,要么藐视了加州关于新冠病毒防治的各项限制性措施,⽽这些都会给他带来新的麻烦。
Marsk always wanted to speed things up, take on more risks, break conventions, and question requirements, so he was able to achieve great things like putting humans on a predetermined track, selling electric cars on a large scale, and making homes self-sufficient off the grid. It also means that he is either ignoring the demands of the SEC or flouting California's restrictive measures on coronavirus control, which will cause him new problems.

X情结
X complex

马斯克钟情于X,尽管X带有性暗示。如第一家公司注册的X.com网址、SpaceX、特斯拉ModelX、x.ai、儿子的名字叫X AE A-XII(,以及收购推特后改名为X)。
Musk is fond of X, despite his sexual innuendo. For example, the first company registered X.com website, SpaceX, Tesla Model X, x.ai, and the son's name is X AE A-XII (and changed its name to X after the acquisition of Twitter).

贝索斯
Bezos

两人相似点是:靠着激情、创新和强大意志力颠覆一个行业,不汲汲营营地追求短期利润。
The similarities between the two are that they rely on passion, innovation and strong willpower to disrupt an industry, and pursue short-term profits without drawing camps.

两人不同点是:对工程问题的钻研方式上,贝索斯讲究方式方法;马斯克则是狂飙突进,设定不可能完成的最后期限,哪怕承担风险。马斯克会花几个小时提出技术性意见,认为钻研细节很重要。
The differences between the two are: in the way of studying engineering problems, Bezos pays attention to methods and methods; Musk is rushing forward, setting impossible deadlines, even at risk. Musk spends hours giving technical advice and thinks it's important to delve into the details.

两人多次竞争:如租下39A发射台(马斯克胜出),率先让抵达太空边缘的火箭平稳落地(贝索斯胜出),将火箭发射到预定轨道(马斯克胜出),将人类送入预定轨道(马斯克胜出),星链(卫星群和互联网服务计划,马斯克胜出)。
The two competed many times: such as renting the 39A launch pad (Musk won), being the first to land the rocket that reached the edge of space smoothly (Bezos won), launching the rocket into a predetermined orbit (Musk won), sending humans into a predetermined orbit (Musk won), Starlink (satellite constellation and Internet service plan, Musk won).

灵感4号任务
Inspiration 4 mission

2021年灵感四号任务是由一家私营公司为平民完成的发射任务,这预示着一种新的太空经济将创业精神,商业卫星和伟大冒险融为一体的经济活动正在到来。
The 2021 Inspiration IV mission, a launch mission completed by a private company for civilians, heralds the arrival of a new space economy that blends entrepreneurship, commercial satellites, and great adventures.

删得不够多
Not enough deletions

马斯克为了降低材料成本,经常是50%甚至90%的砍,他有一句名言就是如果你发现没有捡一些零部件回来,那么就说明我们删的还不够多。
In order to reduce the cost of materials, Musk often cuts by 50% or even 90%, and he has a famous saying that if you find that you don't pick up some parts and come back, then it means that we haven't deleted enough.

转移注意力的方法
Ways to divert attention

如果手头的问题变得棘手,马斯克有一个应对办法,就是把注意力放在产品未来的设计版本上。为此可能会有一个狂飙运动,但在狂飙之后可能也会有撤退之举,这是为了让他的团队能更大胆的思考而精心设计的一套策略呢,还是他一时兴起又反悔的冲动之举?二者兼而有之,这是他的一贯作风。这样做的目的是迫使大家解放思想,不要让繁文缛节束缚了手脚,而这些新想法将会被整合到原先的目标里去。
If the issue at hand gets tricky, Musk has a way to deal with it by focusing on future design versions of the product. There may be a hurricane movement for this, but there may also be a retreat after the hurricane, is it a well-designed strategy to allow his team to think more boldly, or is it an impulsive move that he repents on a whim? It's a combination of both, and that's his usual style. The goal is to force people to free their minds and not let red tape hold them back, and these new ideas will be integrated into the original goal.

一些惊人的财富数字
Some staggering wealth figures

2021年一月,特斯拉股票冲到每股260美元,马斯克成为世界首富,身价1900亿美元。根据2018年马斯克与特斯拉董事会所做的补偿性对赌,在特斯拉的量产环节面临严重问题时,他没有得到任何有保障的工资或奖金,他的报酬取决于公司能否取得一些非常激进的目标,其中包括特斯拉市值增加至此前的十倍,达到6500亿美元。2021年10月特斯拉市值超过1万亿美元。马斯克从补偿协议中获得了高达约560亿美元的报酬,个人净资产在2002年初达到3040亿元。马斯克行行使股票期权需要缴纳税款约110亿美元,可能是史上纳税最多的人。
In January 2021, Tesla's stock soared to $260 per share, and Musk became the richest man in the world at $190 billion. According to Musk's compensatory gamble with Tesla's board of directors in 2018, he did not receive any guaranteed salary or bonuses when Tesla faced serious problems in mass production, and his compensation depended on the company's ability to achieve some very aggressive goals, including a tenfold increase in Tesla's market capitalization to $650 billion. In October 2021, Tesla's market capitalization exceeded $1 trillion. Musk was paid about $56 billion from the compensation agreement, and his personal net worth reached $304 billion in early 2002. Musk Bank has about $11 billion in taxes to exercise stock options, probably the most taxed person in history.

星链用在乌克兰
Starlink is used in Ukraine

一开始星链基本以免费方式提供给乌克兰军方使用,但是随着乌克兰军方将之用于攻击克里米亚的无人机上,马斯克停止让他们使用,但随后又恢复了,同时停止免费使用,为此美国军方提供了资金。马斯克将星链提供给乌克兰使用,似乎更多是希望用于防守,而非进攻,同时也希望能远离政治和战争。
At first, Starlink was basically provided to the Ukraine military for free, but as the Ukraine military used it on drones to attack Crimea, Musk stopped letting them use it, but then resumed it, and stopped using it for free, for which the United States military provided funds. Musk's provision of Starlink to Ukraine seems to be more for defense than offense, and at the same time hopes to stay away from politics and war.

觉醒文化
Awakening culture

觉醒文化是21世纪10年代以来美国人对有色人种、同性恋社群和女性身份认同政治的左翼政治@运动的称谓。觉醒文化最初针对种族歧视,后来拓展至社会不平等,性别和性取向等方面。马斯克认为马斯克认为。他的儿子,也就是后来的张娜,变性后彻底投靠了激进社会主义阵营,还决定跟他断绝关系,与这个有关。马斯克认为民主党成为充斥分裂和仇恨的政党,他不再支持民主党反而支持共和党。
Woke culture is the term given to the left-wing politics @ movement in United States since the 10s of the 21st century for people of color, the gay community, and the politics of female identity. Initially directed at racial discrimination, the culture of consciousness has since expanded to include social inequality, gender, and sexual orientation. Musk thinks Musk thinks. His son, later Zhang Na, completely defected to the radical socialist camp after his transgender, and decided to cut ties with him, which has something to do with it. Musk believes that the Democratic Party has become a party rife with division and hatred, and he no longer supports the Democratic Party and supports the Republican Party.

比尔·盖茨
Bill gates

比尔·盖茨拜访马斯克并给他带来慈善事业的提议,然而并没有得到马斯克的积极回应。盖茨认为电池永远无法为大型半挂卡车提供动力,太阳能不会成为解决气候问题的主要技术路线,同时他对殖民火星感到离谱,同时曾经想做空特斯拉,并且继续持有5亿美元的特斯拉空头头寸。马斯克认为助力全人类的发展最好的方式就是把他的资金都投入自己的公司,这些公司追求的目标是实现能源可持续太阳探索和安全的人工智能。
Bill · Gates visited Musk and brought him an offer of charity, but did not receive a positive response from Musk. Gates believes that batteries will never be able to power large semi-trucks, that solar energy will not be the main technological route to solve the climate problem, and that he is outrageous about colonizing Mars, and at the same time he once wanted to short Tesla, and continues to hold a short position of $500 million in Tesla. Musk believes that the best way to help the development of all mankind is to put all his money into his own companies, which pursue the goal of achieving energy-sustainable solar exploration and safe artificial intelligence.

收购推特
Acquisition of Twitter

马斯克在创建paypal的时候就有一个想法,就是创建一个支持金融交易的社交网络。
When Musk created PayPal, he had an idea to create a social network that supports financial transactions.

马斯克认为推文曝光量增减的公式应该更公开透明一些,他认为推特对言论的压制程度远远超过法律规定。他和弟弟金泊尔甚至讨论需要做一家全新的社交媒体公司,要基于区块链技术,还包括支付功能。马斯克发现推特董事会成员不用推特。
Musk believes that the formula for increasing or decreasing tweet impressions should be more open and transparent, and he believes that Twitter suppresses speech far more than the law. He and his brother Campbell even discussed the need to build a new social media company, based on blockchain technology, which would also include payment features. Musk discovered that Twitter board members don't use Twitter.

2022年4月,马斯克持有推特9%的股份,并受邀加入董事会。然而加入董事会一天后就提出要私有化推特。他得知收购报价是每股54.2美元后,将基于区块链的替代方案称为B计划。他打算在私有化之后,对标微信。马斯克认为通过在线支付系统能够让内容创作者在推特上得到报酬,并且能够验证用户身份。经过一番折腾后,马斯克最终以原计划价格收购了推特。
In April 2022, Musk held a 9% stake in Twitter and was invited to join the board of directors. However, a day after joining the board, he proposed to privatize Twitter. After learning that the offer was $54.2 per share, he called the blockchain-based alternative Plan B. He plans to benchmark WeChat after privatization. Musk believes that through the online payment system, content creators can get paid on Twitter and be able to verify the identity of users. After some tossing, Musk finally bought Twitter at the original planned price.

推特文化
Twitter Culture

Twitter王国和马斯克宇宙之间有着不可弥合的差异,反映了对待美国办公环境的两种截然不同的心态。推特认为公司是一个要对员工很友好的地方,并因此感到自豪,非常强调同理心关心文化价值上的包容性和多样性多样性非常强调同理心关心文化价值上的包容性和多样性,并给员工提供了长期居家办公的选择权(总部大楼因此经常是空荡荡的),以及每月一天的身心放松日。总部装修风格也充满科技潮流风格,这里有咖啡室、瑜伽室、健身室和游戏厅等。
There is an irreconcilable difference between the Twitter kingdom and the Musk universe, reflecting two very different mindsets toward the United States office environment. Twitter prides itself on being a place to be employee-friendly, with a strong emphasis on empathy, inclusivity and diversity in cultural values, and the option to work from home for the long term (the headquarters building is often empty as a result), as well as one day a month to relax and unwind. The decoration style of the headquarters is also full of technology trend, with a café, yoga room, fitness room and game hall.

而以上这些跟马斯克的价值观完全不一致,他认为这是与紧迫感为敌与进取心为敌,与团结起来办大事的速度感为敌。
And these are completely inconsistent with Musk's values, which he believes are the enemy of urgency and aggressiveness, and the sense of speed of uniting to do great things.

推特三轮“血洗”
Twitter's three rounds of "bloodbath"

出于财务原因以及想打造一种硬核狂热的工作文化,马斯克决定大幅削减控制马斯克决定大幅削减开支,大幅裁员。原计划赶在发奖金和授予期权之前辞退90%的员工,但因为违反加州就业法而面临罚更多钱,稍微推迟实施裁员计划。第一轮裁员是推特全球大约50%的员工,还有负责基础设施建设的团队中近90%的员工被解雇了,大部分人力资源管理者也被解雇了。在执掌推特两周以后,马斯克开始酝酿第二轮裁员。第一轮裁员是踢出不够优秀的人,第二轮裁员是筛掉不完全忠于马斯克的人。马斯克先裁掉30多个在slack上发表尖酸刻薄言论的人。马斯克希望遴选出具备出类拔萃、值得信赖和自我驱动特质的人才。几周后第三轮裁员开始,50名工程师被解雇。从10月底接管,到12月中旬,8000人被裁到只剩下2000多人。
For financial reasons and wanting to create a hardcore frenetic work culture, Musk decided to slash control Musk decided to slash expenses and lay off employees slashing. The plan was to lay off 90 percent of its employees before bonuses and options were granted, but the company faced more fines for violating California employment laws, delaying the layoffs slightly. The first round of layoffs was the laying off of about 50% of Twitter's global workforce, as well as nearly 90% of the employees of the team responsible for infrastructure development, and the laying off of most of the HR managers. Two weeks after taking the helm of Twitter, Musk began to brew a second round of layoffs. The first round of layoffs is to kick out people who are not good enough, and the second round of layoffs is to screen out people who are not completely loyal to Musk. Musk first laid off more than 30 people who made vitriolic remarks on Slack. Musk wants to select people who are exceptional, trustworthy and self-driven. A few weeks later, the third round of layoffs began, and 50 engineers were laid off. From the takeover at the end of October, by mid-December, 8,000 people were laid off to just over 2,000.

特斯拉自动驾驶算法
Tesla's self-driving algorithm

多年来,特斯拉的自动驾驶系统一直依赖基于规则的算法。该系统从车辆摄像头获取视觉数据,识别车道标记、行人、车辆、交通信号及8个摄像头范围内的所有事物,再应用数千条则,比如红灯停、绿灯行、保持在车道线标记正中、不越过双黄线闯入对面车道、通过交叉路口时保证其他车辆的行驶速度不足以撞上我方车辆。特斯拉的工程师手动编写并更新了数十万行C++代码,以便将这些规则应用于更复杂的情况。
For years, Tesla's self-driving system has relied on rules-based algorithms. The system takes visual data from the vehicle's camera, identifies lane markings, pedestrians, vehicles, traffic signals, and everything within the 8 camera ranges, and then applies thousands of rules, such as stop at a red light, go at a green light, stay in the middle of the lane marking, do not cross the double yellow line into the opposite lane, and make sure that other vehicles are not traveling fast enough to hit our vehicle when passing through an intersection. Tesla's engineers manually wrote and updated hundreds of thousands of lines of C++ code in order to apply these rules to more complex situations.

神经网络路径规划比基于规则的方法更有效,在该算法的引导下,车辆能够绕过障碍物,越过车道线,并在必要时打破一些规则。它运行速度快了10倍,可以直接删掉30万行代码。马斯克抓住了团队发现的一个关键事实:神经网络至少得经过100万个视频片段的训练才能达到良好的工作状态,如果训练量达到150万个视频片段,它就相当理想了。与其他车企和人工智能公司相比,这给特斯拉带来了巨大的优势。特斯拉在全球的保有量接近200万辆,每天能收集几十亿帧视频画面。埃卢斯瓦米在会上说:“我们在这方面有着得天独厚的优势。”
Neural network path planning is more effective than rule-based approaches, where the vehicle is guided by an algorithm that is able to bypass obstacles, cross lane markings, and break some rules if necessary. It runs 10 times faster and can cut out 300,000 lines of code. Musk seized on a key fact that the team had discovered: a neural network had to be trained on at least 1 million video clips to work well, and if it was trained on 1.5 million video clips, it would be quite ideal. This gives Tesla a huge advantage over other car companies and artificial intelligence companies. Tesla has nearly 2 million vehicles worldwide and can collect billions of video frames every day. "We are in a unique position to do so," Eluswami said at the meeting.

而且,特斯拉拥有世界上用于训练神经网络的最大的超级计算机之一,马斯克在2023年目标是逐渐过渡到使用多久?多久是特斯拉从零开始打造的一款超级计算机,它使用视频数据训练人工智能系统,拥有特斯拉人工智能团队内部设计的芯片和基础架构马斯克在2023年的目标是逐渐过渡到使用Dojo,Dojo是特斯拉从零开始打造的一款超级计算机,它使用视频数据训练人工智能系统,拥有特斯拉人工智能团队内部设计的芯片和基础架构,每秒近800亿亿次浮点运算的处能力,使其成为世界上服务于这一目标的最强大的计算机。
Moreover, Tesla has one of the largest supercomputers in the world for training neural networks, and how long is Musk's goal in 2023 to gradually transition to use? How long is a supercomputer built by Tesla from scratch, it uses video data to train artificial intelligence systems, and has chips and infrastructure designed internally by Tesla's artificial intelligence teamMusk's goal in 2023 is to gradually transition to using Dojo, Dojo is a supercomputer built by Tesla from scratch, it uses video data to train artificial intelligence systems, and has chips and infrastructure designed internally by Tesla's artificial intelligence team, with the processing capacity of nearly 80 billion floating point operations per second, making it the most powerful computer in the world to serve this goal.

人工智能与机器人
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

马斯克对打造人形机器人的兴趣植根于他对人工智能的迷恋与恐惧,他认为总会有人在有意或无意间打造出对人类构成威胁的人工智能,这种可能性促使他在2014年创立了OpenAl,也促使他推动了一系列与之相关的事业,包括自动驾驶电动车、用于神经网络训练的超级计算机Dojo,以及可以植入大脑的Neuralink芯片——它可以在人类和机器之间建立非常亲密的共生关系。
Musk's interest in building humanoid robots is rooted in his fascination and fear of artificial intelligence, and he believes that there will always be people who will consciously or unintentionally create artificial intelligence that poses a threat to humans, a possibility that led him to found OpenAl in 2014 and also led him to promote a series of related causes, including self-driving electric vehicles, Dojo, a supercomputer for neural network training, and Neuralink chips that can be implanted in the brain. It can create a very intimate symbiotic relationship between humans and machines.

安全人工智能的终极体现就是创造出人形机器人,那些从小就接受科幻作品熏陶的人尤其会这样认为。它应该成为一种可以处理视觉输入并学习如何执行任务的机器人,它不能违反阿西莫夫的“机器人三定律”,不得伤害人类。OpenAI和谷歌彼时正专注于创建基于文本的聊天机器人,马斯克则决定专注于在物理世界中运行的人工智能系统,如机器人和电动车。马斯克说:“如果你能打造出一辆自动驾驶电动车,那它就是一个有轮子的机器人。同样,你也可以打造出一个有腿的机器人。”
The ultimate embodiment of secure AI is the creation of humanoid robots, especially those who have been exposed to science fiction since childhood. It should be a robot that can process visual input and learn how to perform tasks, it must not violate Asimov's "Three Laws of Robots" and must not harm humans. OpenAI and Google were focusing on creating text-based chatbots, while Musk decided to focus on AI systems that run in the physical world, such as robots and electric cars. "If you can build a self-driving electric car, it's a robot on wheels," Musk said. Similarly, you can build a robot with legs. ”

人工智能的角力
The wrestling of artificial intelligence

目前已经形成了OpenAI-微软组合与deepmind-谷歌双雄相争的局面,两者创造的产品能够以自然的方式与人类聊天,并执行大量基于文本的知识性任务。而马斯克觉得场上需要第三名角斗士登场,一个专注于人工智能安全,致力于保护人类的决斗士。儿童OpenAI的阿尔特曼争论,赫斯认为openAI是一家开源非盈利性的公司的创建的赫斯认为OpenAI是一家开源非盈利性的公司的创建的,其目的是与谷歌抗衡,现在却成为了一家封闭源代码,追求利润最大化的公司,实际处于微软控制下。
The OpenAI-Microsoft duo and deepmind-Google have been pitted to create products that can chat with humans in a natural way and perform a large number of text-based intellectual tasks. And Musk felt that a third gladiator was needed on the field, a duelist focused on AI security and committed to protecting humanity. Altman of OpenAI argues that Hess believes that OpenAI is an open-source non-profit company created by Hess to compete with Google, but now it is a closed-source, profit-maximizing company that is effectively under Microsoft's control.

马斯克可以从特斯拉和Twitter上获取数据,喂养人工智能。通用人工智能的王冠是打造出能够像人类一样在物理空间(比如工厂、办公室和火星表面)运行的机器,而不仅是一些让我们感到惊艳的虚拟聊天机器人。特斯拉和推特可以共同为这两个研究方向提供数据集和数据处理能力:不管是教机器在物理空间中自主导航,还是教它们用自然语言回答问题。
Musk can take data from Tesla and Twitter to feed artificial intelligence. The crown jewel of artificial general is to build machines that can run like humans in physical spaces, such as factories, offices, and the surface of Mars, not just some virtual chatbots that amaze us. Together, Tesla and Twitter can provide datasets and data processing capabilities for both directions: whether it's teaching machines to navigate autonomously in physical space or teaching them to answer questions in natural language.

马斯克成立新公司:X.AI。马斯克1开始把部分新员工安置在推特,但表示有必要把他变成一家独立的初创公司。如果他能让人工智能科学家们成为一家新公司的创始人并分到股权,那么就更容易吸引他们。特斯拉定下了三大目标:第一个目标是打造一款能编写计算机程序的人工智能机器人;第二个目标是开发一款OpenAI的GPT系列聊天机器人的竞品,它使用的算法和训练的数据集要能确保政治立场的中立性;第三个目标更为宏大,他的首要任务一直都是确保人工智能的发展有助于人类意识的赓续,他认为实现这一目标的最佳途径是创造一种能够“推理”“思考”并以“真理”为指导原则的通用人工智能。我们应该能对它委以重任,比如“制造一款更好的火箭发动机”。
Musk launches new company: X.AI. Musk1 began to place some of the new employees at Twitter, but said it was necessary to turn him into an independent startup. If he can get AI scientists to become founders of a new company and get a share of the shares, then it will be easier to attract them. Tesla has set three goals: the first goal is to build an artificial intelligence robot that can write computer programs; The second goal is to develop a competitor to OpenAI's GPT series of chatbots, using algorithms and trained datasets that ensure political neutrality. The third goal is even more ambitious, and his priority has always been to ensure that the development of artificial intelligence contributes to the continuation of human consciousness, and he believes that the best way to achieve this goal is to create a general artificial intelligence that can "reason" and "think" and use "truth" as the guiding principle. We should be able to entrust it with important tasks, such as "making a better rocket engine".

星舰
Starship

星舰因阀门和天气等原因,推迟到2023年4月20日(没错,是420,当时相以每股420美元私有化特斯拉,以每股54.20美元私有化推特,4月20日是全美大麻日)进行第一次试射,虽然爆炸了,但在某种程度上也是成功的,因为实现了在视野外爆炸,并且留下了大量有价值的新信息和新数据。(补充:截止2024年8月,星舰已经试射4次,第2次最大的进步就是发动机全部点燃;第3次实现了许多既定试验目标,但在星舰再入大气层的时候,出现了失败;第4次星舰以及飞船集成系统进行试射,并第一次实现海面软着陆。)
Starship postponed its first test launch to April 20, 2023 (yes, it was 420, when Tesla was privatized at $420 per share, Twitter was privatized at $54.20 per share, and April 20 was National Marijuana Day) due to valves and weather, among other reasons, and although it exploded, it was also successful to some extent, because it exploded outside of view and left behind a lot of valuable new information and new data. (Addendum: As of August 2024, Starship has been test-fired 4 times, and the biggest improvement in the second time is that all the engines are ignited; The third time achieved many of the stated test objectives, but during the re-entry of the starship, there was a failure; The 4th test launch of the Starship and the spacecraft integrated system was carried out, and the first soft landing on the sea surface was achieved. )