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INTERNATIONALSTANDARD
国际标准

ISO

12945-2

Second edition
再版

2020-10

Textiles—Determination of fabric propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting—
纺织品—织物表面起球、起毛或消光倾向的测定—

Part 2:
第 2 部分:

Modified Martindale method
修正马丁代尔法

Textiles—Détermination de la propension au boulochage, àl'ébouriffage ou au moutonnement des étoffes en surface —
纺织品—测定表面织物起球、起皱或飘动的倾向 —

Partie 2: Méthode du Martindale modifiée
第 2 部分: Méthode du Martindale modifiée

Reference number
参考编号

ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
受版权保护的文件

© ISO 2020
© ISO 2020认证

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
保留所有权利。除非另有规定或在其实施过程中另有要求,否则未经事先书面许可,不得以任何形式或任何电子或机械方式(包括影印或在 Internet 或 Intranet 上发布)复制或使用本出版物的任何部分。可以向以下地址的 ISO 请求许可,也可以向请求者所在国家/地区的 ISO 成员机构请求许可。

ISO copyright office
国际标准化组织版权局

CP 401·Ch. de Blandonnet8

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CH-1214 Vernier, 日内瓦

Phone:+41 22 749 01 11
电话:+41 22 749 01 11

Email:copyright@iso.org

Website:www.iso.org
Website:www.iso.org 网站

Published in Switzerland
在瑞士出版

ii ISO 2020-All rights reserved
ii ISO 2020-版权所有

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Contents Page
目录页面

Foreword... iv
前言。。。四

Introduction.. v
介绍。。v

1 Scope. 1
1 范围。1

2 Normative references.. 1
2 规范性引用文件..1

3 Terms and definitions.. 1
3 术语和定义。.1

4 Principle… 2
4 原则...2

5 Apparatus.. 2
5 仪器。.2

6 Auxiliary materials... 7
6 辅助材料...7

7 Preparation of test specimens... 8
7 试样的制备...8

7.1 Pretreatment of the laboratory sample.. 8
7.1 实验室样品的预处理。.8

7.2 Sampling of test specimens.. 8
7.2 试样的取样。.8

7.3 Number of test specimens.... 8
7.3 试样数量....8

7.4 Marking the test specimens... 9
7.4 标记试样...9

8 Conditioning and testing atmosphere... 9
8 调节和测试气氛...9

9 Procedure.. 9
9 程序。.9

9.1 General…… 9
9.1 总则......9

9.2 Mounting the test specimens.... 9
9.2 安装试样......9

9.2.1 Mounting the test specimen in the test specimen holder... 9
9.2.1 将试样安装在试样支架中......9

9.2.2 Mounting the test specimen on the pilling table.. 9
9.2.2 将试样安装在起球台上。9

9.3 Pilling test... 10
9.3 起球试验...10

10 Assessment of pilling, fuzzing and matting... 10
10 起球、起毛和消光的评估......10

11 Results. 10
11 结果.10

12 Test report... 11
12 测试报告...11

Annex A (normative) Categories of pilling test... 12
附件 A(规范性) 起球试验的类别...12

Bibliography.. 13
书目。。13

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Foreword
前言

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
ISO(国际标准化组织)是国家标准机构(ISO成员机构)的全球性联合会。国际标准的制定工作通常通过ISO技术委员会进行。对已成立技术委员会的议题感兴趣的每个成员机构都有权派代表参加该委员会。国际组织,包括政府和非政府组织,与国际标准化组织联络,也参与了这项工作。ISO与国际电工委员会(IEC)在电工标准化的所有问题上密切合作。

The procedures used to de velop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2seewww.iso.org/directives).
ISO/IEC 指令第 1 部分中描述了用于开发本文档的程序以及用于进一步维护本文档的程序。特别要注意的是,不同类型的ISO文件所需的不同批准标准。本文件是根据 EditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2seewww.iso.org/directives) 起草的。

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of anypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedevelopmentofthedocumentwillbeintheIntroductionand/or ontheISOlistofpatentdeclarationsreceivedseewww.iso.org/patents).
需要注意的是,本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利权。国际标准化组织(ISO)不负责识别任何或所有此类专利权。在文件开发过程中确定的任何专利权的详细信息将在介绍和/或 ontheISOlistofpatentdeclarationsreceivedseewww.iso.org/patents 中确定)。

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
本文档中使用的任何商品名称均为方便用户提供的信息,不构成认可。

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adhere nce to theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT) seewww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
解释标准的自愿性,与合格评定相关的ISO特定术语和表达的含义,以及有关ISO遵守世界贸易组织(WTO)原则的信息,即技术壁垒贸易(TBT)seewww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html。

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 24,Conditioning atmospheres and physical tests for textile fabrics, in collaboration with the EuropeanCommittee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 248, Textiles and textile products,in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
本文件由 ISO/TC 38(纺织品)技术委员会 SC 24(纺织织物的调节气氛和物理测试)技术委员会与欧洲标准化委员会 (CEN) 技术委员会 CEN/TC 248(纺织品和纺织产品)合作编写,符合 ISO 和 CEN 之间的技术合作协定(维也纳协定)。

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12945-2:2000), which has been technically revised.
第二版取消并取代了第一版(ISO 12945-2:2000),该版已经过技术修订。

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
与上一版相比,主要变化如下:

— in Clause 9, visual assessm ent of pilling, fuzzing, and matting has been carried out according toISO 12945-4.
— 在第 9 条中,根据 ISO 12945-4 进行了起球、起毛和消光的视觉评估。

A list of all parts in the ISO 12945 series can be found on the ISO website.
ISO 12945 系列中所有部件的列表可在 ISO 网站上找到。

Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheuser'snationalstandardsbody.Acompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org/members.html.
Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheuser'snationalstandardsbody。Acompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org/members.html.

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Introduction
介绍

Pills are formed when fibres on a fabric surface“tease out”and become entangled during wear. Such surface deterioration is generally undesirable, but the degree of consumer tolerance for a given level of pilling will depend on the garment type and fabric end-use.
当织物表面的纤维“梳理”并在穿着过程中缠结时,就会形成药丸。这种表面劣化通常是不可取的,但消费者对给定起球水平的容忍程度将取决于服装类型和织物的最终用途。

Generally, the level of pilling which develops is determined by the rates of the following parallel processes:
通常,起球的水平由以下并行过程的速率决定:

a) fibre entanglement leading to pill formation;
a) 纤维缠绕导致药丸形成;

b) development of more surface fibre;
b) 开发更多的表面纤维;

c) fibre and pill wear-off.
c) 纤维和药丸磨损。

The rates of these processes depend on the fibre, yarn and fabric properties. Examples of extreme situations are found in fabrics containing strong fibres versus fabric containing weak fibres. Aconsequence of the strong fibre is a rate of pill formation that exceeds the rate of wear-off. This results in an increase of pilling with an increase of wear. With a weak fibre the rate of pill formation competes with the rate of wear-off. This would result in a fluctuation of pilling with an increase of wear. There are other constructions that the surface fibre wear-off occurs before pill formation. Each of these examples demonstrates the complexity of evaluating the surface change on different types of fabric.
这些工艺的速率取决于纤维、纱线和织物的特性。极端情况的例子是在含有强纤维的织物与含有弱纤维的织物中发现的。强纤维的结果是药丸形成的速度超过了磨损速度。这导致起球的增加和磨损的增加。对于较弱的纤维,药丸的形成速度与磨损速度相竞争。这将导致起球的波动随着磨损的增加而波动。还有其他结构表明,表面纤维磨损发生在药丸形成之前。这些示例中的每一个都展示了评估不同类型织物表面变化的复杂性。

The ideal laboratory test would accelerate the wear processes a),b) and c) by exactly the same factor and would be universally app licable to all fibre, yarn and fabric types. No such test has been developed.However, a test procedure has been established in which fabrics can be ranked in the same order of pilling, fuzzing, and matting propensity as is likely to occur in end-use wear.
理想的实验室测试将以完全相同的因子加速磨损过程 a)、b) 和 c),并且普遍适用于所有纤维、纱线和织物类型。目前还没有开发出这样的测试。然而,已经建立了一个测试程序,其中织物可以按照与最终使用磨损中可能发生的相同的起球、起毛和消光倾向的顺序进行排名。

The modification to the very widely adopted Martindale abrasion testing machine on which this document is based is described in Reference [8].
参考文献 [8] 中描述了对本文档所基于的广泛采用的马丁代尔磨损试验机的修改。

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
国际标准 ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Textiles——Determination of fabric propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting —
纺织品——织物表面起球、起毛或消光倾向的测定 —

Part 2:
第 2 部分:

Modified Martindale method
修正马丁代尔法

1 Scope
1 范围

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using a modified Martindale method.
本文件规定了一种使用改进的马丁代尔法测定纺织织物抗起球、起毛和消光的方法。

2 Normative references
2 规范性引用文件

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For updated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
以下文件在正文中的引用方式使其部分或全部内容构成本文档的要求。对于注明日期的引用文件,仅适用引用的版本。对于更新的引用,适用引用文件的最新版本(包括任何修订)。

ISO 139, Textiles —Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 139,纺织品——调节和测试的标准气氛

ISO 12945-4, Textiles—Determination of fabric propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting — Part 4:Assessment of pilling, fuzzing and matting by visual analysis
ISO 12945-4,纺织品 - 织物表面起球、起毛或消光倾向的测定 - 第 4 部分:通过视觉分析评估起球、起毛和消光

ISO 12947-1:1998, Textiles ——Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method—Part 1: Martindale abrasion testing apparatus
ISO 12947-1:1998,纺织品——用马丁代尔法测定织物的耐磨性——第1部分:马丁代尔磨损试验装置

3 Terms and definitions
3 术语和定义

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
就本文档而言,以下术语和定义适用。

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO 和 IEC 在以下地址维护用于标准化的术语数据库:

— ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:available https://www.iso.org/obp
— ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:可用 https://www.iso.org/obp

— IECElectropedia:available http://www.electropedia.org/
— IECElectropedia:可用 http://www.electropedia.org/

3.1

pill

entangling of fibres into balls (pills) which stand proud of the fabric and are of such density that light will not penetrate and will cast a shadow
将纤维缠绕成球(药丸),这些球(药丸)傲然挺立在织物上,密度如此之大,以至于光线无法穿透并投下阴影

Note 1 to entry: This change can occur during washing, dry cleaning, and/or wearing.
注意事项 1:此变化可能会在洗涤、干洗和/或佩戴过程中发生。

[SOURCE: ISO 12945-4:2020,3.1]
[来源:ISO 12945-4:2020,3.1]

3.2

pilling
起球

generation of pills (3.1) over the surface of the fabric
在织物表面产生药丸(3.1)

[SOURCE:ISO 12945-4:2020,3.2]
[来源:ISO 12945-4:2020,3.2]

©ISO 2020-All rights reserved 1
©ISO 2020-版权所有 1

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

3.3

fuzzing
模糊

roughing up of the surface fibres and/or teasing out of the fibres from the fabric, which produces a visible surface change
表面纤维粗糙和/或从织物中梳理纤维,从而产生可见的表面变化

Note 1 to entry: This change can occur during washing, dry cleaning, and/or wearing.
注意事项 1:此变化可能会在洗涤、干洗和/或佩戴过程中发生。

[SOURCE: ISO 12945-4:2020,3.3]
[来源:ISO 12945-4:2020,3.3]

3.4

matting
消 光

disorientation of the raised fibres of a napped fabric, which produces a visible surface change
绒布的凸起纤维迷失方向,从而产生可见的表面变化

Note 1 to entry: This change can occur during washing, dry cleaning, and/or wearing.
注意事项 1:此变化可能会在洗涤、干洗和/或佩戴过程中发生。

[SOURCE:ISO 12945-4:2020,3.4]
[来源:ISO 12945-4:2020,3.4]

3.5

pilling rub
起球擦

one revolution of the two outer drives of the modified Martindale abrasion machine
改进的马丁代尔磨料机的两个外驱动器旋转一圈

3.6

pilling cycle
起球周期

completion of the translational movements tracing a Lissajo us figure comprising 16 pilling rubs(3.5),i. e. 16 revolutions of the two outer drives and 15 revolutions of the inner drive of the Martindale abrasion tester
完成追踪 Lissajo us 图形的平移运动,包括 16 个起球摩擦 (3.5),即 Martindale 磨损测试仪的两个外部驱动器旋转 16 圈和内驱动 15 圈

4 Principle
4 原则

A circular test specimen is passed over a friction surface comprising the same fabric or, when relevant,a wool abradant fabric, at a defined force in the form of a Lissajo us figure, with the test specimen able to rotate easily around an axis through its centre, perpendicular to the plane of the test specimen.Fuzzing, pilling, and matting are assessed visually after defined stages of rub testing.
将圆形试样以 Lissajo us 图形的形式以规定的力穿过由相同织物或相关时由羊毛耐磨织物组成的摩擦表面,试样能够轻松地绕轴旋转穿过其中心,垂直于试样的平面。在规定的摩擦测试阶段之后,目视评估起毛、起球和消光。

5 Apparatus
5 仪器

5.1 Martindale abrasion testing machine, as described in ISO 12947-1, modified in accordance with 5.2.
5.1 马丁代尔磨损试验机,如ISO 12947-1所述,按5.2修改。

The test apparatus consists of a base plate carrying the pilling tables and drive mechanism. The drive mechanism consists of two outer drives and an inner drive which cause the test specimen holder guide plate to trace a Lissajous figure.
该测试设备由一个底板组成,底板带有起球台和驱动机构。驱动机构由两个外部驱动器和一个内部驱动器组成,使试样夹具导板追踪李萨茹图形。

The test specimen holder guide plate is moved horizontally by the drive mechanism in such a way that every point of the guide p late describes the same Lissajous figure.
试样夹具导板通过驱动机构水平移动,使得导向装置的每个点都描述相同的利萨茹图形。

The Lissajous movement changes from a circle to gradually narrowing ellipses, until it becomes a straight line, from which progressively widening ellipses develop in a diagonally opposite direction before the pattern is repeated.
利萨茹运动从圆变为逐渐变窄的椭圆,直到它变成一条直线,从这条直线开始逐渐变宽的椭圆沿对角线相反的方向发展,然后重复模式。

The test specimen holder guide plate is fitted with bear ing housings and low friction bearings which carry the test specimen holder guide spindles. The lower end of each test specime n holder spindle is inserted into each corresponding test specimen holder body. The test specimen holder consists of a body, test specimen holder ring and optional loading weight.
试样夹持器导板配有轴承座和低摩擦轴承,这些轴承承载着试样夹持器导向主轴。每个试样和夹持器主轴的下端插入每个相应的试样夹持器主体中。试样夹具由主体、试样夹具环和可选的负载砝码组成。

The apparatus is fitted with a pre-settable counting device which measures each revolution of one of the outer drives. Each revolution is taken as a pilling rub and 16 revolutions as a complete Lissajous figure.
该设备配有一个预设的计数装置,该装置测量其中一个外部驱动器的每转一圈。每一圈都被视为起球摩擦,而 16 圈则被视为一个完整的利萨茹图。

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

5.2 Drive and base plate attachments
5.2 驱动器和底板附件

5.2.1 Drive
5.2.1 驱动

Movement of the test specimen holder guide plate carrying the test specimen holder bearing housings and bearings and consequently the test specimen holders themselves is performed by the following units:
试样夹持器、承载试样夹具、轴承座和轴承的试样夹持器导板以及试样夹具本身的移动由以下装置执行:

a〕 two outer synchronised drive units with the distance of the axis of the drive units from their central axis of(12±0,25) mm;
a〕 两个外同步驱动单元,驱动单元的轴线与其中心轴线的距离为(12±0,25)mm;

b) central drive unit, with the distance of the axis of the drive unit from its central axis of(12±0,25) mm.
b) 中央驱动单元,驱动单元的轴线与其中心轴线的距离为(12±0,25)mm。

The maximum stroke of the test specimen holder guide plate in both the length and traverse directions is(24±0,5) mm.
试样夹持导板在长度和横移方向上的最大行程为(24±0.5)mm。

5.2.2 Counter, for counting the pilling rubs and measures to an accuracy of 1 rub.
5.2.2 计数器,用于计数起球摩擦和测量,精度为 1 摩擦。

5.2.3 Pilling tables, each consisting of the following elements:
5.2.3 起球表,每个起球表由以下元素组成:

a) pilling table (see Figure 1);
a)起球表(见图1);

b) clamping ring(see Figure 2);
b)夹紧环(见图2);

c) clamping mechanism to fasten the clamping ring.
c) 夹紧机构,用于固定夹紧环。

5.2.4 Test specimen holder guide plate, comprising a metal plate in which three guide s engage the drive units.
5.2.4 试样夹具导板,包括一个金属板,其中三个导向装置与驱动单元啮合。

These interact so as to ensure a uniform, smooth and low vibration movement of the test specimen holder guide plate.
它们相互作用,以确保试样夹具导板的均匀、平稳和低振动运动。

The test specimen holder guide spindles are located in bearing housings secured to the guide plate,central to each pilling table. Each bearing housing carries two bearings. The guide spindles shall be freely moving and free from play in the bearings.
试样夹持器导轴位于轴承座中,固定在导板上,位于每个起球台的中心。每个轴承座都带有两个轴承。导向主轴应自由移动,不得在轴承中游隙。

5.2.5 Test specimen holder, for every work station, comprising the following component parts:
5.2.5 试样夹具,用于每个工作站,包括以下组成部分:

a) test specimen holder(see Figure 3);
a) 试样夹持器(见图3);

b) test specimen holder ring;
b) 试样夹具环;

c) test specimen holder guide spindle.
c) 试样夹具导向主轴。

The test specimen holder complete with guide spindle and test specimen holder ring shall have a mass of(155±1)g.
配有导向主轴和试样夹具环的试样夹具夹具的质量应为(155±1)g。

5.2.6 Loading pieces, comprising an additional loading piece in the form of a stainless-steel disc which can be applied to the test specimen holder (5.2.5) provided for each working station on the testing machine (see Figure 4). The mass of the disc is (260±1)g.
5.2.6 加载件,包括一个不锈钢盘形式的附加加载件,可以应用于为试验机上每个工作站提供的试样夹具(5.2.5)(见图4)。圆盘的质量为(260±1)g。

The mass of the complete test specimen holder and stainless-steel disc(415±2)g.
完整试样夹具和不锈钢圆盘的质量(415±2)g。

5.2.7 Auxiliary device for test specimen mounting, required for mounting the test specimen without folds on the specimen holder (see Figure 5).
5.2.7 试样安装辅助装置,用于在试样夹具上安装无折叠的试样(见图5)。

5.2.8 Pilling table test specimen mounting weight, complete with handle, required for mounting the test specimen or abradant without folds or creases on the pilling table. The mounting weight mass is(2,5±0,5) kg and diameter(120±10) mm.
5.2.8 起球台试样的安装重量,配有手柄,用于安装试样或磨蚀台上没有褶皱或折痕。安装重量质量为(2,5±0,5)kg,直径(120±10)mm。

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
尺寸(毫米)

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

6 Auxiliary materials
6 辅助材料

6.1 Felt, in the form of circles as specified in ISO 12947-1, serving as a support material for the two test specimens. They have the following dimensions:
6.1 毛毡,采用 ISO 12947-1 中规定的圆圈形式,用作两个试样的支撑材料。它们具有以下维度:

a) top(test specimen holder):(90±1) mm diameter;
a) 顶部(试样夹具)直径:(90±1) mm;

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

b) bottom (pilling table): (140⁺⁵) mm diameter.
b) 底部(起球台):(140⁺⁵) mm 直径。

If the felt exhibits a change in mass and/or thickness such that it no longer meets the requirements ofISO 12947-1:1998, Table 2 then it shall be replaced.
如果毛毡的质量和/或厚度发生变化,使其不再符合 ISO 12947-1:1998 表 2 的要求,则应更换毛毡。

The felt shall not show any visible surface changes like thin or thick places.
毛毡不得显示任何可见的表面变化,如薄处或厚处。

6.2 Abradant, against which the test specimen is abraded, normally the same as the fabric under test.
6.2 耐磨性,试样被耐磨性,通常与被测织物相同。

Under certain circumstances, e. g. upholstery fabrics, the wool abradant fabric specified in ISO 12947-1is used. The choice of abradant shall be stated in the test report.
在某些情况下,例如室内装潢织物,使用ISO 12947-1中规定的羊毛耐磨织物。耐磨剂的选择应在试验报告中注明。

Circles of the abrading fabric measuring (140⁺⁵) mm in diameter or(150±2) mm in length and width are mounted on each abrading table.
直径 (140⁺⁵) mm 或长度和宽度 (150±2) mm 的研磨织物圆圈安装在每个研磨台上。

7 Preparation of test specimens
7 试样的准备

7.1 Pretreatment of the laboratory sample
7.1 实验室样品的预处理

Laboratory samples may be pretreated by washing or dry-cleaning before cutting the test specimens,using conditions appropriate for the fabric end use or conditions agreed upon between the interested parties. When pretreated, the eva luation of the tested specimen from the pretreated laboratory sample is done in comparison with that laboratory sample.
在切割试样之前,可以使用适合织物最终用途的条件或有关各方商定的条件,通过洗涤或干洗对实验室样品进行预处理。预处理后,将预处理的实验室样品中的测试样品与该实验室样品进行比较进行评估。

If there is no specific pretreatment agreed upon between the interested parties, the test specime n is tested as received.
如果利害关系方之间没有商定具体的预处理,则按收到的方式对试样n进行测试。

Regardless of the pretreatment, samples shall be conditioned according to Clause 8 prior to testing.
无论预处理如何,样品均应在测试前根据第 8 条进行调节。

NOTE The procedures of the pretreatment described in ISO 6330 or in the respective part of ISO 3175 can be suitable.
注意:ISO 6330 或 ISO 3175 相应部分中描述的预处理程序可能是合适的。

7.2 Sampling of test specimens
7.2 试样的取样

Take specimens from areas evenly spaced across the width of the fabric or from three different panels of a garment. Stagger specimens in such a manner that no two specimens contain the same yarns. Avoid areas with wrinkles and other distortions. Unless otherwise specified, do not cut specimens nearer to the selvedge than one-tenth the width of the fabric.
从织物宽度上均匀分布的区域或服装的三个不同面板中采集样本。以这样一种方式错开试样,即没有两个试样包含相同的纱线。避免出现皱纹和其他扭曲的区域。除非另有说明,否则不要在靠近镶边边缘的地方切割样品,其宽度不得超过织物宽度的十分之一。

Handle the specimen by applying minimal tension to avoid stretching.
通过施加最小的张力来处理试样,以避免拉伸。

The test specimen for the test specimen holder is a disc of (140⁺⁵) mm diameter. If necessary, in order
试样夹具的试样是直径为 (140⁺⁵) mm 的圆盘。如有必要,按顺序

to prevent the loosening of the fibres/yarns that can interfere in the zone of friction with the specimen,leading to pilling, the edges of the test specimens may be secured (e. g. by gluing, with adhesive tape).
为防止纤维/纱线松动,纤维/纱线会干扰与试样的摩擦区域,导致起球,可以固定试样的边缘(例如,通过胶合,用胶带)。

The test specimen for the pilling table can optionally be (140⁺⁵) mm in diameter or (150±2) mm in both the length and width.
起球台的试样直径可选为(140⁺⁵)mm或长度和宽度(150±2)mm。

7.3 Number of test specimens
7.3 试样数量

At least three sets of test specimens are required where one complete set comprises one test specimen for the test specimen holder and one for the pilling table. Where the wool abradant fabric is used on the pilling table, at least three test specimens of the fabric under test are required for the test specimen holders. If testing more than three test specimens, an odd number of test specimens shall be used. Afurther cut specimen is necessary for comparative assessment against the tested specimen.
至少需要三套试样,其中一套完整的试样包括一个用于试样夹具的试样和一个用于起球台的试样。在起球台上使用羊毛耐磨织物时,试样夹具至少需要被测织物的三个试样。如果测试三个以上的试样,则应使用奇数个试样。进一步切割的试样对于与测试试样的比较评估是必要的。

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

7.4 Marking the test specimens
7.4 标记试样

Before sampling, mark each test specimen and the laboratory sample (including the reference test specimen), at the same point, on the back of the fabric to be assessed. This ensures that the test specimens are aligned in the same thread direction in the assessment. The mark shall not influence the test in any way.
取样前,将每个试样和实验室样品(包括参考试样)在同一点标记在要评估的织物背面。这可确保测试样品在评估中沿相同的螺纹方向对齐。该标志不得以任何方式影响测试。

8 Conditioning and testing atmosphere
8 调节和测试气氛

The standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing textiles as defined in ISO 139 shall be used.
应使用 ISO 139 中定义的用于调节和测试纺织品的标准气氛。

The test specimens and abradant(when used) should be conditioned for at least 16h prior to testing.
试样和耐磨剂(使用时)应在测试前至少调节 16 小时。

9 Procedure
9 程序

9.1 General
9.1 一般规定

Check the Martindale abrasion testing machine for correctness in accordance with ISO 12947-1.
根据 ISO 12947-1 检查 Martindale 磨损试验机的正确性。

Assess the felts (6.1), serving as a support material, after every pilling test and replace in the event of soiling or wear.
在每次起球测试后评估用作支撑材料的毛毡 (6.1),并在弄脏或磨损的情况下进行更换。

In the case of the use of a wool abradant fabric during the pilling test, it should be changed after every test.
如果在起球试验中使用羊毛耐磨织物,则应在每次试验后更换。

With lightweight knitted fabrics, particular care shall be taken that the test specimens are not visibly extended.
对于轻质针织面料,应特别注意试样不要明显伸出。

9.2 Mounting the test specimens
9.2 安装试样

9.2.1 Mounting the test specime n in the test specimen holder
9.2.1 将试样 n 安装在试样夹具中

Remove the test specimen holder ring and guide spindle from each test specimen holder. Place the auxiliary device for test specimen mounting (5.2.7), small diameter uppermost on a bench or table top.Position a test specimen holder ring on the angle d surface of the auxiliary device, roll ring down until it is located on the large parallel diameter at the base.
从每个试样支架上取下试样夹具环和导向主轴。将用于试样安装的辅助装置 (5.2.7),最小直径放在工作台或桌面上。将试样夹环放在辅助装置的角 d 表面上,向下滚动环,直到它位于底部的大平行直径上。

Invert a test specimen holder and place a (90±1) mm diameter disc of felt centrally in the recessed face.Place a (140⁺⁵) mm diameter test specimen face up centrally over the felt and allow excess material to drape over the test specimen holder edge. Ensure the test specimen fully covers the groove in which the test specimen holder ring locates.
倒置试样支架,将直径为 (90±1) 毫米的毛毡盘放在凹陷面的中央。将直径为 (140⁺⁵) 毫米的试样正面朝上放在毛毯中央,让多余的材料覆盖在试样支架边缘上。确保试样完全覆盖试样夹持环所在的凹槽。

Place the large diameter end of the auxiliary device on top of the face of the specimen holder containing the felt and the specimen. The mass of the auxiliary device and its overhang over the edge of the face of the specimen holder act to equalize tension across the specimen surface. Roll the specimen holder ring onto the specimen holder so that it locates in the specimen holder groove, thus retaining the specimen and felt under equal tension.
将辅助装置的大直径端放在装有毛毡和试样的试样夹具表面的顶部。辅助装置的质量和其悬垂在试样夹具表面边缘的作用是平衡试样表面的张力。将试样夹具环滚动到试样夹具上,使其位于试样夹具凹槽中,从而将试样和毛毯保持在相等的张力下。

Repeat the procedure for the remaining test specimen holders. Place the loading piece (5.2.6) when required (see Anne x A), over the test specimen holder guide spindle bush and locate in the recess of the test specimen holder.
对剩余的试样夹具重复该过程。需要时将加载件 (5.2.6)(参见 Anne x A)放在试样夹具导向主轴衬套上,并位于试样夹具的凹槽中。

9.2.2 Mounting the test specimen on the pilling table
9.2.2 将试样安装在起球台上

Place a (140⁺⁵) mm diameter piece of felt [6.1 b)] on the pilling table. Place the bottom test specimen or, when relevant, the wool abradant with the surface to be rubbed facing upwards, on the felt. Load with the mounting weight (5.2.8) and se cure with the clamping ring.
将一块直径为 (140⁺⁵) 毫米的毛毡 [6.1 b]] 放在起球台上。将底部试样或(如果相关)将羊毛磨损剂与要摩擦的表面朝上放在毛毡上。用安装重量 (5.2.8) 加载并用夹紧环固化。

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IS0 12945-2:2020(E)
IS0 12945-2:2020(E)

9.3 Pilling test
9.3 起球试验

Run the test until the end of the first rubbing stage is reached (see Annex A). Carry out the first assessment in accordance with Clause 10 without removing the test specimen from the test specimen holder, clear away loose parts of the surface for the purpose of assessment.
运行测试直到达到第一个摩擦阶段的结束(参见附件 A)。根据第 10 条进行第一次评估,而不从试样夹具中取出试样,清除表面的松动部分以进行评估。

Following assessment, replace the test specimen holders in the testing position from which they were taken. As required, continue the test, assessing at each rubbing stage until the end of the final rubbing stage is reached as described in Annex A.
评估后,将试样夹具更换在取样的测试位置。根据需要,继续进行测试,在每个摩擦阶段进行评估,直到达到附件 A 中所述的最终摩擦阶段结束。

Gently remove loose fibres or debris from the surface of the abradant.
轻轻地清除磨损剂表面的松散纤维或碎屑。

Sometimes, test specimens cannot be assessed because there is a binding in the friction zone between the fibres of both top and bottom test specimens. In this case, it shall be reported the results up to that stage and that“due to binding between fabrics, the test specimen cannot be assessed”.
有时,由于顶部和底部试样的纤维之间的摩擦区存在结合,因此无法评估试样。在这种情况下,应报告该阶段的结果,并且“由于织物之间的结合,无法评估试样”。

10 Assessment of pilling, fuzzing and matting
10 起球、起毛和消光的评估

The visual assessment of pilling, fuzzing and matting, respectively, shall be carried out according toISO 12945-4.
起球、起毛和消光的目视评估应分别根据 ISO 12945-4 进行。

If agreed between interested parties, the assessment may be additionally carried out according to instrumental assessment.
如果利害关系方同意,可以根据工具性评估另外进行评估。

11 Results
11 结果

For each surface appearance (i. e. pilling, fuzzing, and matting), record the grade for each test specimen.
对于每种表面外观(即起球、起毛和消光),记录每个试样的等级。

Calculate the mean result for all tested specimens for each surface appearance separately: for pilling,for fuzzing and for matting in Clause 10. If the mean result is not a whole number, round the result to the nearest half grade. The variation in the result based on the mean of three test specimens should be no more than half a grade. If this variation is more than half a grade, the grading of each test specimen shall be reported.
分别计算所有测试试样在每种表面外观下的平均结果:第 10 条中的起球、模糊和消光。如果均值结果不是整数,则将结果四舍五入到最接近的半个等级。基于三个试样的平均值的结果变化应不超过半个等级。如果这种变化超过半个等级,则应报告每个试样的分级。

Table 1 shows an example of presentation of the results.
表 1 显示了结果的表示示例。

Table 1—Example of a table with results at each assessm ent stage
表 1 - 包含每个评估阶段结果的表格示例

Pilling
起球

Fuzzing
模糊

Matting
消 光

Number

of pilling
起球

rubs

result 1
结果 1

result 2
结果 2

result 3
结果 3

Average
平均

result 1
结果 1

result2
结果2

result 3
结果 3

Average
平均

result 1
结果 1

result 2
结果 2

result 3
结果 3

Average
平均

125 rev.
125 转

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

500 rev.
500 转

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

1000 rev.
1000 转

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

2000 rev.
2000 修订版

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

5000 rev.
5000 转

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

7000

rev.
转速。

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

grade
年级

10 © ISO 2020-All rights reserved
10 © ISO 2020-版权所有

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

12 Test report
12 检测报告

The test report shall include at least the following information:
检测报告至少应包括下列信息:

a) a reference to this document, i. e. ISO 12945-2:2020;
a) 引用本文件,I. e. ISO 12945-2:2020;

b) description of the laboratory sample;
b) 实验室样品的描述;

c) where applicable details of pretreatment of the laboratory sample;
c) 如适用,实验室样品预处理的细节;

d) number of test specimens;
d) 试样数量;

e) abradant used;
e) 使用的耐磨剂;

f) loading mass;
f) 装载质量;

g) for each stage, individual test specimen pilling grades, fuzzing grades and matting grades(according to ISO 12945-4) and the related stage (number of pilling rubs);
g) 对于每个阶段,单独的试样起球等级、起毛等级和消光等级(根据 ISO 12945-4)和相关阶段(起球摩擦次数);

h) date of test;
h) 考试日期;

i) for each stage, the rounded mean grade assessed in relation to the type of the surface change(s)-i. e. pilling, fuzzing and matting respectively-(to the nearest half grade)-according to ISO 12945-4-(and when carried out according to an instrumental assessment), and the related stage (number of pilling rubs);
i) 对于每个阶段,根据 ISO 12945-4(以及根据仪器评估进行时)以及相关阶段(起球摩擦次数)根据表面变化类型评估的四舍五入平均等级(即起球、起毛和消光)分别(最接近的半等级);

j) details of any deviation from the given procedure;
j) 与给定程序的任何偏差的详细信息;

k) any unusual features observed (such as pills present on the abradant).
k) 观察到的任何异常特征(例如研磨剂上存在的药丸)。

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Annex A
附件A

(normative)
(规范性)

Categories of pilling test
起球试验的类别

Unless otherwise specified the categories for different types of textiles shall be as in Table A.1.
除非另有说明,否则不同类型纺织品的类别应如表A.1所示。

Table A.1 —Categories of pilling test
表 A.1 —起球试验的类别

Category
类别

Textile type
纺织类型

Abradant type
耐磨型

Loading weight g
装载重量g

Assessment stage
评估阶段

Number

of pilling rubs
起球摩擦剂

1

Upholstery
内饰

Wool abradant fabric
羊毛耐磨面料

415±2

1

125

2

500

3

1000

4

2000

5

5000

6

7000

2a
2一个

Woven fabrics
机织布

( except
( 除外

upholstery
内饰

fabrics)
面料)

Woven fabric
机织布

under test
测试中

( face/ face) or
( 脸/脸) 或

wool fabric
羊毛面料

415±2

1

125

2

500

3

1000

4

2000

5

5000

6

7000

3a
3一个

Knitted fabrics
针织物

( except
( 除外

upholstery
内饰

fabrics)
面料)

Knitted fabric
针织物

under test
测试中

( face/ face) or
( 脸/脸) 或

wool fabric
羊毛面料

155±1

1

125

2

500

3

1000

4

2000

5

5000

6

7000

a For categories 2 and 3t he minimum test duration is 2000 pilling rubs. The test may be terminated before 7000 pilling rubs if grade 4-5 or better is observed at an agreed assessm ent stage.
a 对于第2类和第3类,最短试验时间为2 000次起球摩擦。如果在商定的评估阶段观察到 4-5 级或更高等级,则可以在 7000 次起球摩擦之前终止测试。

NOTE Trials have show n that better correlation occurs between the test and wear performance by continuing to 7 000 pilling rubs on the grounds that pills which are present at 2000 pilling rubs can be removed by 7 000 pilling rubs.
注:试验表明,继续进行7 000次起球摩擦剂,试验和磨损性能之间具有更好的相关性,理由是2000次起球摩擦时存在的药丸可以通过7 000次起球摩擦剂去除。

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

Bibliography
书目

[1]ISO 3175-1, Textiles —Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments ——Part 1: Assessment of performance after cleaning and finishing
[1]ISO 3175-1,纺织品——织物和服装的专业护理、干洗和湿洗——第 1 部分:清洁和整理后的性能评估

[2]ISO 3175-2, Textiles —— Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments ——Part 2: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using tetrachloroethene
[2]ISO 3175-2,纺织品 —— 织物和服装的专业护理、干洗和湿洗 ——第 2 部分:使用四氯乙烯进行清洁和整理时的性能测试程序

[3]ISO 3175-3, Textiles —— Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments ——Part 3: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using hydrocarbon solvents
[3]ISO 3175-3,纺织品 —— 织物和服装的专业护理、干洗和湿洗 ——第 3 部分:使用碳氢化合物溶剂进行清洁和整理时的性能测试程序

[4]ISO 3175-4, Textiles —— Professional care, drycleaning and wetcleaning of fabrics and garments ——Part 4: Procedure for testing performance when cleaning and finishing using simulated wetcleaning
[4]ISO 3175-4,纺织品 —— 织物和服装的专业护理、干洗和湿洗 ——第 4 部分:使用模拟湿洗进行清洁和整理时的性能测试程序

[5] ISO 6330, Textiles—Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing
[5] ISO 6330,纺织品——纺织品测试的家用洗涤和烘干程序

[6] ISO 12945-1, Textiles——Determination offabric propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting—Part 1: Pilling box method
[6] ISO 12945-1,纺织品——织物表面起球、起毛或消光倾向的测定——第 1 部分:起球盒法

[7] ISO 12945-3, Textiles——Determination of fabric propensity to surface pilling, fuzzing or matting—Part 3: Random tumble pilling method
[7] ISO 12945-3,纺织品——织物表面起球、起毛或消光倾向的测定——第 3 部分:随机滚筒起球法

[8] KNECHT H. Neue Methode zur Prüfung der Pillingneigung in Wirkerei und Strickerei Technik, 38(1988),12,p.1309
[8] 克内希特 H.经编起球趋势检验新方法及针织技术, 38(1988),12,p.1309

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ISO 12945-2:2020(E)
ISO 12945-2:2020(E)

ICS 59.080.01

Price based on 13 pages
价格基于 13 页

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