Proposal.docx

Abstract
抽象

It is a short summary of the work. Its main components are as follows:
这是对工作的简短总结。其主要组成部分如下：

1. Purpose for writing: What is the importance of the research? Why would a reader be
1. 写作目的：研究的重要性是什么？为什么读者会

interested in the larger work?
对更大的工作感兴趣吗？

2. Problem: What problem does this work attempt to solve? What is the scope of the project?
2. 问题：这项工作试图解决什么问题？项目范围是什么？

3. Methodology: approaches, qualitative, quantitative or mixed.
3. 方法：方法、定性、定量或混合。

4. Results: An abstract of a scientific work may include specific data that indicates the
4. 结果：科学作品的摘要可能包括表明

expected results of the project. Other abstracts may discuss the expected findings in a more
项目的预期结果。其他摘要可能会在更多

general way.
一般方式。

5. Conclusion and Implications: How does this work add to the body of knowledge on the
5. 结论和影响：这项工作如何增加

topic? Are there any practical or theoretical applications from your findings or implications
主题？您的发现或影响是否有任何实际或理论应用

for future research?
用于未来的研究？

6. Key Words (indent and italicize): 4 to 5 words
6. 关键词（缩进和斜体）：4 到 5 个单词

Table of Contents
内容能力

Abstract i
摘要 i

Chapter I Introduction 1
第一章引言 1

1.1 Overview 1
1.1 概述 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 1
1.2 问题陈述 1

1.3 Purpose of the Study 1
1.3 研究目的 1

1.4 Research Questions 1
1.4 研究问题 1

1.5 Hypothesis of the Study (optional) 1
1.5 研究假设（可选）1

1.6 Significance of the Study 1
1.6 研究的意义 1

Chapter II Literature Review 2
第二章李国评 2

Chapter III Methodology of Research 3
第三章研究方法 3

3.1 Research Design 3
3.1 研究设计 3

3.2 Sample 3
3.2 示例 3

3.3 Instruments of the Study 3
3.3 书房的工具 3

3.4 Data Collection 3
3.4 数据收集 3

Chapter IV Findings and Analysis 4
第四章调查结果与分析 4

Chapter V Conclusion 5
第五章结论 5

References/Works Cited 6
引用的参考文献 /著作 6

Appendix (optional) 7
附录（可选）7

Chapter I Introduction
第一章引言

Overview
概述

It introduces topic of the thesis and presents any theoretical background in around 2 or three pages.
它介绍了论文的主题，并在大约 2 到 3 页的篇幅中介绍了任何理论背景。

Statement of the Problem
问题陈述

It describes clearly and concisely the problem that this study intends to bridge and address a current topic or a topic with scientific addition, providing benefit to the community.
它清晰简洁地描述了本研究旨在桥接和解决当前主题或具有科学补充的主题的问题，从而为社区带来好处。

Statement of the problem is the focal point of the research and describes the issue or issues to be addressed. It provides the context for the research study and generates the questions the researcher needs to answer. The study should attempt to solve this problem and present it through a new and different approach that benefits future scientific research. (One paragraph)
问题陈述是研究的重点，并描述了要解决的问题。它为研究提供了背景，并产生了研究人员需要回答的问题。该研究应尝试解决这个问题，并通过一种新的、不同的方法呈现它，这对未来的科学研究有益。（一段）

Purpose of the Study
研究目的

It identifies the purpose of the study and the objectives of choosing this topic. It includes reasons for choice of the topic to reveal the significance and expected contribution in the field. (One paragraph)
它确定了研究的目的和选择此主题的目标。它包括选择该主题的原因，以揭示该领域的重要性和预期贡献。（一段）

Research Questions
研究问题

The research questions are based on the statement of the problem. They should be specific, relevant and time bound. They guide the flow of the thesis, thus directing the search process towards a possible solution to the problem.
研究问题基于问题的陈述。它们应该是具体的、相关的和有时限的。他们指导论文的流程，从而将搜索过程引导到问题的可能解决方案上。

Null and Research Hypothesis of the Study (optional)
研究的 Null 和 Research 假设（可选）

The hypotheses can be either accepted or rejected. They are in direct link to the problem and research questions. A hypothesis includes assumptions about two variables and is testable.
假设可以被接受或拒绝。它们与问题和研究问题直接相关。假设包括关于两个变量的假设，并且是可检验的。

Significance of the Study
研究的意义

It indicates the significance of choosing such a topic and the value of researching it. The significance of the study includes the addition the study provides in terms of knowledge and the benefits to society (psychological, social, educational, economic...). It sheds light on the original aspect in the thesis. (One paragraph)
它表明了选择这样一个主题的重要性和研究它的价值。该研究的意义包括该研究在知识和对社会的好处（心理、社会、教育、经济......它阐明了论文的原始方面。（一段）

Chapter II Literature Review
第二章文献综述

Write a paragraph introducing this chapter and its content. This paragraph guides the reader to understand the flow of this review. The purpose of this section is to provide the justification for the research and to highlight the contribution of the researcher. It covers what has been done on the topic in the parameters of the research questions proposed. The researcher should not only present what critics have said about the topic, but respond to what has been said about it. The literature review should not provide a list of authors, their works or ideas, but must be a critical evaluation of those authors' works and their significance to the study.
写一段介绍本章及其内容的段落。本段引导读者理解这篇评论的流程。本节的目的是为研究提供理由并突出研究人员的贡献。它涵盖了在所提出的研究问题的参数中对该主题所做的工作。研究人员不仅应该呈现批评者对该主题的看法，还应该对关于该主题的看法做出回应。文献综述不应提供作者、他们的作品或想法的名单，而必须对这些作者的作品及其对研究的意义进行批判性评价。

While writing the Literature Review, the researcher has to avoid plagiarism. This can be achieved in four ways: paraphrasing (rephrasing what the researcher has learned from the reference in his/her language while preserving basic meaning), quoting (copying exact words from the reference using quotation marks), copying (of drawings, illustrations, data, and specialized images while respecting copyright, and obtaining the necessary permissions) and summarizing. When using these four ways, the researcher has to use in-text citations.
在撰写文献综述时，研究人员必须避免抄袭。这可以通过四种方式实现：释义（用他/她的语言改写研究人员从参考文献中学到的内容，同时保留基本含义）、引用（使用引号从参考文献中复制确切的单词）、复制（在尊重版权的同时复制图纸、插图、数据和专业图像，并获得必要的许可）和总结。当使用这四种方式时，研究人员必须使用文本引用。

Chapter III Methodology of Research
第三章研究方法

The researcher has to write a paragraph introducing this chapter and its content. It is necessary to determine the methods) used and the reason behind choosing this (these) methods) that tend(s) to answer the research questions. This chapter presents the tools that will be used by the researcher in the collection of data and the analysis of the material. It usually has but not limited to the following subtitles.
研究人员必须写一段介绍本章及其内容的段落。有必要确定使用的方法）以及选择这种（这些）方法的原因）倾向于回答研究问题。本章介绍了研究人员在数据收集和材料分析中将使用的工具。它通常具有但不限于以下字幕。

3.1 Research Design
3.1 研究设计

In this section, the researcher has to mention the method (experimental/and non-experimental, descriptive...), the approach (qualitative/ and quantitative or mixed), and the tools and instruments (interview, questionnaire, tests, etc.)
在本节中，研究人员必须提及方法（实验/和非实验、描述性...）、方法（定性/和定量或混合）以及工具和工具（访谈、问卷、测试等）。

3.2 Sample
3.2 样本

Identify the chosen sample, participants, involved in the study. For example, in the experimental study the researcher has to mention the number of the participants in experimental and control group, the class, the school, etc.
确定所选样本、参与者、参与研究。例如，在实验研究中，研究人员必须提及实验组和对照组的参与者人数、班级、学校等。

3.3 Instruments of the Study
3.3 研究工具

The researcher has to mention the used tools/instruments: observation, interview, questionnaire, tests, etc.
研究人员必须提及使用的工具/工具：观察、访谈、问卷、测试等。

3.4 Procedure of the Study
3.4 研究程序

The researcher should identify the procedure of carrying out the study.
研究人员应确定进行研究的程序。

3.5 Data Collection
3.5 数据收集

The researcher has to identify how to analyze the data collected. It could be SPSS or any other statistical procedure.
研究人员必须确定如何分析收集的数据。它可以是 SPSS 或任何其他统计过程。

Chapter IV Findings and Analysis
第四章调查结果与分析

The basic purpose of data analysis, whether quantitative or qualitative, is to summarize a large body of information, to answer research questions, to test the validity of hypotheses, to investigate potential problems, and to examine the expected estimates
数据分析的基本目的，无论是定量的还是定性的，都是总结大量信息，回答研究问题，检验假设的有效性，调查潜在问题，并检查预期的估计.

Chapter V Conclusion
第五章结论

This section is a through overview of the research presented straightforwardly and clearly.
本节是对简单明了的研究的全面概述。

WORKS CITED
引用作品

Blommaert J, Collins J. and Slembrouck S. “Spaces of multilingualism.” Language and Communication, 25 (2005): 197-216.
布洛梅特 J，柯林斯 J. 和 Slembrouck S. “ 多语言空间。“ 语言与交流， 25 （2005）： 197-216.

Boughey C. “Naming' students' problems: An analysis of language-related discourses at a South African university.” Teaching in Higher Education, 7(3) (2002): 295-307.
布希 C. “ 命名学生的问题：南非大学的语言相关话语分析 ”。“ 高等教育教学，7（3）（2002）：295-307。