LEARNING OBJECTIVES  学习目标

Focus: strategies of supply chain management
重点：供应链管理策略

LEARNING OBJECTIVES  学习目标

1. Define & Explain Supply Chain
   定义和解释供应链
2. Explain the need to manage a supply chain and the potential benefits of doing so.
   解释管理供应链的必要性以及这样做的潜在好处。
3. Explained features & dimensions a supply chain?
   解释了供应链的特征和尺寸？
4. Explain the importance responsibilities of the purchasing function in business organizations.
   解释商业组织中采购职能的重要职责。

LEARNING OBJECTIVES  学习目标

5. Introduce to logistics, transport and warehousing.
   介绍物流、运输和仓储。
6. Understand critical importance of selecting and managing supplier relationship.
   了解选择和管理供应商关系的至关重要性。
7. Explain the term value analysis.
   解释术语价值分析。

SUPPLY CHAIN：LOGISTICS  供应链：物流

物流管理

TRANSPORTATION MODES  交通方式

• Supply-Chain process that
  供应链流程
• plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and
  计划、实施和控制货物、服务和货物的高效、有效的流动和存储
• related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements.
  从产地到消费地的相关信息，以满足客户的需求。
• Key: the movement of materials and information within a facility and to incoming and outgoing shipments of goods and materials in a supply chain
  关键：设施内材料和信息的移动以及供应链中货物和材料进出的运输
  

  

LOGISTICS (MATERIALS MANAGEMENT)
物流（物料管理）

• Ocean transportation is via large container ships.
  海洋运输是通过大型集装箱船进行的。
• Air transportation involves commercial or cargo aircraft.
  航空运输涉及商用或货运飞机。
• long distances => Ocean transport is the cheapest and most common.
  长途=> 海运是最便宜和最常见的。
• development of 20 - and 40 -foot shipping containers.
  开发20英尺和40英尺的集装箱。

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT  物流管理

• Objective: efficient operations through the integration of all material acquisition (purchasing), movement (transportation), and storage (warehousing) activities
  目标：通过整合所有材料获取（采购）、移动（运输）和存储（仓储）活动实现高效运营
• An area for outsourcing  外包领域
• Allows competitive advantage to be gained through reduced costs and improved customer service
  通过降低成本和改善客户服务获得竞争优势
  

  

• Sea transportation via Roll on & Roll off (Ro-Ro ships) of Lexus cars made in Japan to USA & Toyota Mass Customization Centres
  通过滚装船（滚装船）将日本制造的雷克萨斯汽车海运至美国和丰田大规模定制中心

SHIPPING SYSTEMS LAND TRANSPORTATION
航运系统 陆运

• Trucking  卡车运输
• Moves the vast majority of manufactured goods
  运输绝大多数制成品
• Chief advantage is flexibility
  主要优点是灵活性
  

  

• Railroads  铁路
• Capable of carrying large loads
  能够承载大负载
• Little flexibility though containers and piggybacking have helped with this
  尽管容器和捎带方式对此有所帮助，但灵活性不大
  

  

SHIPPING SYSTEMS AIR & OCEAN TRANSPORTATION
航运系统 空运和海运

- Airfreight  - 空运

• Fast and flexible for light loads
  快速灵活，适用于轻负载
• May be expensive  可能很贵
  

  

• Waterways  水路
• Typically used for bulky, low-value cargo
  通常用于大件、低价值货物
• Used when shipping cost is more important than speed
  当运输成本比速度更重要时使用
  

  

SHIPPING SYSTEMS  运输系统

• Pipelines  管道
  

  

• Used for transporting oil, gas, and other chemical product
  用于输送石油、天然气及其他化工产品
• Multimodal  多式联运
• Combines shipping methods
  结合运输方式
• Common, especially in international shipments
  常见，尤其是在国际运输中
• Aided by standardized containers
  借助标准化容器
  

  

COMPARING OCEAN, LAND, AND AIR TRANSPORT
海运、陆运和空运比较

cost AND SPEED OF SHIPMENTS
运输成本和速度

• Faster shipping is generally more expensive than slower shipping
  较快的运输通常比较较慢的运输更贵
• Faster methods tend to involve smaller shipment sizes while slower methods involve very large shipment sizes
  较快的方法往往涉及较小的发货尺寸，而较慢的方法则涉及非常大的发货尺寸

WAREHOUSING  仓储

Amazon Fulfillment Center
亚马逊运营中心

WAREHOUSING  仓储

• Often expensive  往往很贵
• Fundamental purpose is to store goods
  根本目的是储存货物
• May provide other functions
  可以提供其他功能
• Consolidation  合并
• Break-bulk  散杂货
• Cross-docking  交叉转运
• Postponement  延期

WAREHOUSING -CONSOLIDATION
仓储-拼箱

• Consolidation  合并
  

  

WAREHOUSING - BREAK-BULK  仓储 - 散杂货

• Break-bulk  散杂货
  

  

WAREHOUSING - CROSS DOCKING
仓储 - 交叉配送

• Cross-docking  交叉转运
  

  

WAREHOUSING - POSTPONEMENT
仓储 - 延期

WAREHOUSING - POSTPONEMENT
仓储 - 延期

• effectively reduces inventory obsolescence, reducing risk and uncertainty costs of undesirable products
  有效减少库存陈旧，降低不良产品的风险和不确定性成本
  -requires an integrated and agile supply chain
  -需要集成且敏捷的供应链
• to ensure that the latest demand forecasts can be frequently created and trasmitted through the supply chain to produce or allocate the right products for their customers.
  确保可以频繁创建最新的需求预测并通过供应链传输，以便为客户生产或分配正确的产品。

WAREHOUSING - POSTPONEMENT
仓储 - 延期

WAREHOUSING - POSTPONEMENT
仓储 - 延期

• Channel assembly  通道组装
• Implementation of postponement
  延期实施
• Ship components or modules
  船舶组件或模块
• Distributors become manufacturing partners
  经销商成为制造合作伙伴
• Finished goods inventory reduced
  产成品库存减少
• Better market response with less investment
  以更少的投资获得更好的市场反应
  

  

  
  e.g. Toyota Lexus are customized for options before deliveries
  例如，丰田雷克萨斯在交付前针对选项进行了定制

THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS (3PL)
第三方物流 (3PL)

• When a company decides to outsource warehouse functionalities such as shipping and fulfillment operations to a 3PL (a third-party logistics provider)
  当公司决定将运输和履行运营等仓库功能外包给 3PL（第三方物流提供商）时
• Outsourcing logistics can reduce inventory, costs, and improve delivery reliability and speed
  外包物流可以减少库存、成本并提高交付可靠性和速度
• Coordinate supplier inventory with delivery services
  协调供应商库存与送货服务
• May provide warehousing, assembly, testing, shipping, customs
  可提供仓储、组装、测试、运输、报关

CASE STUDY：OUT－SOURCING LOGISTICS－3PL
案例分析：外包－采购物流－3PL

SF Express  顺丰速运

Global Operations  全球运营

（ब）Exases
顺邫速运
（ब）Exases
顺邫速运

INFORMATION & OTHER FLOWS IN A SUPPLY CHAIN
供应链中的信息和其他流动

INFORMATION & OTHER FLOWS IN A SUPPLY CHAIN
供应链中的信息和其他流动

INFORMATION- ROLE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN
信息——供应链中的角色

• Information Role in the supply chain
  信息在供应链中的作用
• The connection between the various stages in the supply chain
  供应链各阶段之间的联系
• Crucial to daily operation of each stage in a supply chain
  对于供应链各个阶段的日常运营至关重要
• E.g., production scheduling, inventory levels
  例如，生产计划、库存水平
• Information Role in the competitive strategy
  信息在竞争战略中的作用
  

  

• Allows supply chain to become more efficient and more responsive at the same time (reduces the need for a trade-off)
  使供应链同时变得更加高效和响应更快（减少权衡的需要）
• Information SCM Technology
  信息化单片机技术

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GOOD INFORMATION
好信息的特征

Supply Chain Information  供应链信息

Accurate?  准确的？
Accessible?  可以访问吗？
Up-to-date?  最新？
In the Correct form?  以正确的形式？

» If not, database restricted ability.
» 如果没有，数据库的能力受到限制。
» How difficult is it to import data into ERP system
» 数据导入ERP系统有多难
» e.g. SAP?  » 例如SAP？

QUALITY OF INFORMATION  信息质量

• Information drives the decisions:
  信息驱动决策：
• Good information means good decisions
  好的信息意味着好的决策
• IT helps: Supply China information system MRP, ERP, SAP, EDI
  IT帮助：供应中国信息系统MRP、ERP、SAP、EDI
• Relevant information?  相关信息？
• How to use information?  如何利用信息？
• Irrelevant, outdated, missing information means BAD decisions
  不相关、过时、缺失的信息意味着错误的决策
  

  

CASE STUDY: INTEGRATED SCM, BUSINESS SYSTEMS & PROCESS - ENTERPRISE RESOURCES PLANNING (ERP)
案例研究：集成 SCM、业务系统和流程 - 企业资源规划 (ERP)

Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP)
企业资源规划（ERP）

Video- What is an ERP system?
视频-什么是 ERP 系统？

ENTERPRISE RESOURCES PLANNING (ERP)
企业资源规划 (ERP)

INFORMATION FLOW:
TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
信息流：
供应链管理技术

• An ERP is a transactional business management system, designed to manage enterprise-wide resources, from HR to finance and marketing to manufacture
  ERP 是一种事务性业务管理系统，旨在管理从人力资源到财务、营销到制造的企业范围资源
• ERP systems to track inventory and information among business processes and across companies
  ERP 系统用于跟踪业务流程和跨公司的库存和信息
• ERP system - supports supply chain management activities by automating the tracking of inventory and information among business processes and across companies
  ERP 系统 - 通过自动跟踪业务流程和跨公司的库存和信息来支持供应链管理活动

INTEGRATED SCM SYSTEMS  集成 SCM 系统

• If ERP Systems provides the “how to” by providing data and business rules for supply chain functions
  如果 ERP 系统通过为供应链功能提供数据和业务规则来提供“如何做”
• SCM (SCM Systems) is in providing visibility and managing real-time information flows on an end-to-end basis.
  SCM（SCM 系统）致力于在端到端的基础上提供可见性并管理实时信息流。
• APS (advance planning and scheduling) platforms covers the “when, where, what, and who” by using algorithms to calculate optimal plans for purchasing, production, transportation and distribution
  APS（提前计划和排程）平台涵盖“何时、何地、何事、何人”，通过算法计算采购、生产、运输和配送的最佳计划
• Distribution Resource Planning (DRP)
  配送资源规划 (DRP)

INTEGRATE Them Together!  将它们整合在一起！

INTEGRATED SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS?
综合供应链管理系统？

SCM -VALUE OF INFORMATION SCM TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
SCM - 供应链管理中的信息价值 SCM 技术

Increased Control Over Production
加强对生产的控制

• clear sight into the current stage of in-production products
  清晰了解在产产品的当前阶段
• foresee any potential problems or
  预见任何潜在的问题或
• delays they might face and be able to align production schedules accordingly.
  他们可能面临的延误并能够相应地调整生产计划。
• SCM Tech enabled transparency into the whole process.
  SCM Tech 实现了整个流程的透明度。
• better control over product flow and
  更好地控制产品流程和
• information flow across the supply chain.
  信息在整个供应链中流动。

SCM -VALUE OF INFORMATION SCM TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
SCM - 供应链管理中的信息价值 SCM 技术

• Better Inventory Management
  更好的库存管理
• Maintaining optimal levels of inventory is a challenge
  维持最佳库存水平是一项挑战
• Excess inventory leads to risk of waste and for an increased need for working capital funds,
  库存过多会导致浪费风险，并增加对营运资金的需求，
• Too low of inventory may lead to stoppages in the production cycle and of losing business through stockouts.
  库存过低可能会导致生产周期中断，并因缺货而失去业务。
• SCM Tech - create adaptable business processes that provide flexibility to handle varied demand situations.
  SCM 技术 - 创建适应性强的业务流程，提供处理各种需求情况的灵活性。

SGLAP-01/2

SCM SYSTEMS - SHARING INFORMATION IS KEY
SCM 系统 - 共享信息是关键

SCM -VALUE OF INFORMATION SCM TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
SCM - 供应链管理中的信息价值 SCM 技术

• Effective Collaboration with Manufacturer’s Partners
  与制造商合作伙伴的有效合作
• • real time information sharing,
    实时信息共享，
• increase the collaboration with their key partners.
  加强与主要合作伙伴的合作。
• track activities through the whole supply chain, with visibility into supplier end (upstream) and distributor (downstream) processes.
  跟踪整个供应链的活动，并了解供应商端（上游）和分销商（下游）流程。
  making more informed decisions and better forecast future demand.
  做出更明智的决策并更好地预测未来需求。
  Facilitating control the manufacturing process and leads to lower costs through more effective decisions in procurement and contract management.
  通过更有效的采购和合同管理决策，促进制造过程的控制并降低成本。

SCM -VALUE OF INFORMATION SCM TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
SCM - 供应链管理中的信息价值 SCM 技术

- More effective order tracking and delivery
- 更有效的订单跟踪和交付

• Vital role in increasing speed of delivery
  在提高交付速度方面发挥着重要作用
• keeping the customer informed about the product delivery schedule.
  让客户了解产品交付时间表。
• Keeping customers informed throughout the entire fulfilment process: from order confirmation to order fulfilment.
  在整个履行过程中让客户了解情况：从订单确认到订单履行。
• Provide a platform for the customer to track their order
  为客户提供一个平台来跟踪他们的订单
• increasing a customer’s sense of self-sufficiency and control
  增强客户的自给自足感和控制感
• transferring customer service tasks to the customer, which saves manufacturers time and money.
  将客户服务任务转移给客户，从而节省制造商的时间和金钱。
• enabled interaction with their logistic providers and get real time updates on shipments of both their inventory and product delivery.
  实现与物流提供商的互动，并获取库存和产品交付的实时更新。

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
供应链管理系统

SGLAP-012:  SGLAP-012：

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT: USES OF DRP
分销管理：DRP 的使用

Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) is a method used in business administration for planning orders within a supply chain.
分销资源计划 (DRP) 是企业管理中用于计划供应链内订单的一种方法。

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT: USES OF DRP TO MANAGE
分销管理：使用 DRP 进行管理

• Establish delivery centers and supply locations
  建立配送中心和供应地点
• Identify market demand and distribution planning parameters
  确定市场需求和分销规划参数
• Plan for specific inventory control parameters
  规划具体库存控制参数
• Determine allocation requirements and resource requirements
  确定分配要求和资源需求
• Generate a disbursement plan
  生成付款计划
• Evaluate results and make necessary adjustments
  评估结果并进行必要的调整
  

  

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT  分销管理

• Enabled by DRP  由 DRP 启用
• The outbound flow of products
  产品出库流程

1. Rapid response  快速响应
2. Product choice  产品选择
3. Service  服务

• Increasing the number of facilities (warehouse, engagement points, sales hubs) generally improves response time and customer satisfaction
  增加设施（仓库、参与点、销售中心）的数量通常可以提高响应时间和客户满意度

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT - DESIGN CONSIDERATION
分配管理 - 设计考虑

• Total costs - important  总成本 - 重要
• Inventory costs  库存成本
• Transportation costs  运输费用
• Facility costs  设施成本
• Total logistics costs  物流总成本

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT - DESIGN CONSIDERATION
分配管理 - 设计考虑

Question: How many would be enough?
问： 多少才够？

(a) Response Time  (a) 响应时间

(b) Cost$  (b) 成本$

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT - DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Question: How many would be enough?
分配管理 - 设计考虑
问： 多少才够？

© Cost, Revenue, and Profit
© 成本、收入和利润

DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT  分销管理

• Facilities (type of) , packaging, and logistics (capability)
  设施（类型）、包装和物流（能力）
• Selection and development of dealers or retailers (who, which partners)
  经销商或零售商的选择和发展（谁、哪些合作伙伴）
• Downstream management as important as upstream management Supplier
  下游管理与上游管理同样重要 供应商
  

  

INFORMATION: ABOUT INVENTORY VELOCITY & INFORMATION VELOCITY
信息：关于库存速度和信息速度

• Inventory velocity  库存周转速度
• The rate at which inventory(material) goes through the supply chain
  库存（材料）通过供应链的速率
• (also known as inventory turnover) measures the number of times a company sells and replaces its inventory in a given period
  （也称为库存周转率）衡量公司在给定时期内销售和更换库存的次数
• Information velocity  信息速度
• The rate at which information is communicated in a supply chain
  供应链中信息传达的速率
• Information(timeliness) is crucial to supply chain performance
  信息（及时性）对于供应链绩效至关重要
• supply chain processes: executing transactions and managerial decisions making.
  供应链流程：执行交易和管理决策。
• Must know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock, and when more products should be produced or shipped.
  必须知道客户想要什么、库存有多少、以及何时应该生产或运送更多产品。

INFORMATION: RECEIVING, INSPECTION AND STORAGE LOGISTIC FACILITIES DESIGN - VELOCITY
信息：接收、检查和存储物流设施设计 - Velocity

• Receiving and Shipping docks (often at the same location) have to be properly designed for these processes.
  接收和运输码头（通常位于同一地点）必须针对这些流程进行适当设计。
• After unloading supplies, there is usually an assigned area to store them.
  卸载物资后，通常会有一个指定的区域来存放它们。
• Cross-docking may be used to transfer goods from incoming trucks at the receiving dock to outgoing trucks at the shipping dock.
  越库转运可用于将货物从接收码头的进货卡车转移到装运码头的发货卡车。
• Designs of such facilities differ depending upon
  此类设施的设计因环境而异
• Types of supplies unloaded.
  卸载的物资类型。
• What the supplies are unloaded from (trucks, freight cars, hopper cars, ships, planes, etc.).
  物资从什么地方卸载（卡车、货车、漏斗车、船舶、飞机等）。
• Where they are unloaded and to where they go.
  它们在哪里卸载以及运往哪里。

INFORMATION: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
信息：射频识别 (RFID)

• wireless non-contact radio-frequency electromagnetic fields - wireless communication technology that uses radio waves to uniquely identify people or objects.
  无线非接触式射频电磁场 - 使用无线电波来唯一识别人或物体的无线通信技术。
• RFID tag attached to object
  附着在物体上的 RFID 标签
• Enabling data transfer, to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects
  启用数据传输，自动识别和跟踪附加到对象的标签
  

  

CASE STUDY: RFID IN LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT
案例研究：物流管理中的 RFID

RFID and QR code for Logistics and Inventory in the Warehouse
用于仓库物流和库存的 RFID 和 QR 码

LOGISTICS - ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) ORDER PROCESSING WITHOUT EDI
物流 - 电子数据交换 (EDI) 订单处理（无需 EDI）

ORDER PROCESSING WITH EDI
使用 EDI 处理订单

SCM SCM TECH: RFID SCM TECHNOLOGY
SCM SCM技术：RFID SCM技术

• RFID eliminates need for manual counting and bar code scanning
  RFID 消除了手动计数和条形码扫描的需要
• real time data collection.
  实时数据收集。
• tracks the movement and flow of items in a supply chain and provides visibility to managers about the location and condition of the tracked items.
  跟踪供应链中物品的移动和流动，并向管理人员提供有关所跟踪物品的位置和状况的可见性。
  

  

SCM SCM TECH: RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
SCM SCM 技术：射频识别 (RFID)

• The real time information is valuable; increase asset utilization and to minimize inventory and logistics related costs.
  实时信息有价值；提高资产利用率并最大限度地减少库存和物流相关成本。
• Minimizes delays in information transmission leading enhances info-sharing among the partners in a supply chain.
  最大限度地减少信息传输的延迟，从而增强供应链中合作伙伴之间的信息共享。
• RFID SCM Technology infrastructure entails a large initial investment and significant potential risks in SCM Technology adoption.
  RFID SCM 技术基础设施需要大量的初始投资，并且在 SCM 技术的采用中存在巨大的潜在风险。

BUSINESS VALUE OF RFID  RFID 的商业价值

• Visibility it provides to managers about the items tracked
  它为经理提供了有关所跟踪项目的可见性
• labor cost savings  节省劳动力成本
• shrinkage reduction  减少收缩
• inventory visibility.  库存可见性。
• reducing information asymmetries (by providing “same view” capability)
  减少信息不对称（通过提供“相同视图”能力）
• SCM Technology deployment and integration,
  SCM技术部署和集成，
• Integration with business processes,
  与业务流程集成，
• Development of new business architectures for employees, policies and organizational structures.
  为员工、政策和组织结构开发新的业务架构。

BUSINESS VALUE OF RFID (Continued)
RFID 的商业价值（续）

Example:  例子：

• For a retailer: analyzing the movement of RFID-tagged cases between distribution centers and retail stores.
  对于零售商：分析带有 RFID 标签的箱子在配送中心和零售店之间的移动。
• Analysis with insights on distribution of lead times among different products and different combinations of distribution centers and retail stores.
  分析并洞察不同产品之间以及配送中心和零售店的不同组合之间的交货时间分布。
• Helps in tracking recalls, delivering products to the stores as per schedule, and in studying the backroom process that involves moving the products to the sales floor.
  帮助跟踪召回、按计划将产品运送到商店以及研究涉及将产品转移到销售楼层的幕后流程。
• Enabling limited process changes first and then to the major modifications in the logistics system.
  首先实现有限的流程变更，然后对物流系统进行重大修改。
  *Delen, D., B. C. Hardgrave, R. Sharda. 2007. RFID for better supply-chain management through enhanced information visibility. Production and Operations Management 16(5) 613-624.
  *Delen, D.、BC Hardgrave、R. Sharda。 2007 年。RFID 通过增强信息可视性实现更好的供应链管理。生产和运营管理 16(5) 613-624。

RFID-BASED TRACEABILITY SYSTEM - BENEFITS
基于 RFID 的追踪系统 - 优点

1. improved lead times  改善交货时间
2. competitive differentiation
   竞争差异化
3. savings from reusing RFID tags
   重复使用 RFID 标签可节省成本
4. breakthrough productivity by automation
   自动化带来生产力突破
5. reduction of human errors in handling the repairable parts
   减少处理可修复零件时的人为错误
6. improved inventory management
   改善库存管理
7. reduced manpower and manual data recording
   减少人力和手动数据记录
8. real time monitoring and access to detailed information
   实时监控并获取详细信息
9. reduction of repairable parts loss
   减少可修复零件的损失
   10.improved customer relationships
   10.改善客户关系

TYPE AND PURPOSE OF SCM TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT - CONTINUAL INVESTMENT $$$
供应链管理中 SCM 技术的类型和用途 - 持续投资 $$$

• Digital Transformation (ICT SCM Technology) in the Supply Chain-
  供应链数字化转型（ICT SCM技术）-
  -investing by manufacturers in SCM Technology to get transparency and insight of the company’s entire supply chain
  -制造商投资SCM技术以获得公司整个供应链的透明度和洞察力
• enable “upstream” view (raw materials, sourcing)
  启用“上游”视图（原材料、采购）
• enable “downstream” view (distribution, logistics, delivery, service) possibly all the way to through to customer receipt, acceptance, and use.
  启用“下游”视图（分销、物流、交付、服务），可能一直到客户接收、验收和使用。
• Because of shopping options through E-Commerce: supply chain management a vital area of concern for many businesses.
  由于电子商务的购物选择：供应链管理成为许多企业关注的重要领域。
• Effective and Efficient SCM is critical for manufacturing companies (as vendors), heavily dependent on the supply chain partners (including distributors) to deliver their products.
  有效且高效的 SCM 对于制造公司（作为供应商）至关重要，因为它们严重依赖供应链合作伙伴（包括分销商）来交付产品。

REVERSE LOGISTICS ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABILITY IN SUPPLY CHAINS
逆向物流建立供应链的可持续性

• Sending returned products back up the supply chain for resale, repair, reuse, remanufacture, recycling, or disposal
  将退回的产品发送回供应链以进行转售、维修、再利用、再制造、回收或处置

• A cost-effective reverse logistics program connects the available supply of returns with product information and demand for repairable items or recaptured materials.
  具有成本效益的逆向物流计划将可用的退货供应与产品信息以及可修复物品或回收材料的需求联系起来。
• Trade in program, upgrade
  以旧换新计划、升级

E-BUSINESS - REVERSE LOGISTICS IN SUPPLY CHAINS
电子商务 - 供应链中的逆向物流

“the process by means of which goods are transferred from their final destination to the point of origin with the aim of recovering value or of reducing waste”
“将货物从最终目的地转移到原产地的过程，目的是恢复价值或减少浪费”

CASE STUDY: REVERSE LOGISTICS - EV CAR SUPPLY CHAINS
案例研究：逆向物流 - 电动汽车供应链

Need for Reverse Logistics
逆向物流的需求

• How to Manage? Who could do it?
  如何管理？谁能做到？

Rivian Cars Recall  Rivian汽车召回

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY - REVERSE LOGISTICS
汽车行业 - 逆向物流

• If an automotive company discovers defects, issues, or regulatory violations with any of its vehicles or parts, it must recall them.
  如果汽车公司发现其任何车辆或零部件存在缺陷、问题或违反监管规定，则必须将其召回。
• Reverse logistics services can coordinate this, as well as the collection of damaged vehicles.
  逆向物流服务可以协调这一点，以及收集损坏的车辆。
• They’ll then substitute any defective components and deliver secure or repaired vehicles when needed.
  然后，他们将更换任何有缺陷的部件，并在需要时交付安全或维修好的车辆。

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY - REVERSE LOGISTICS
汽车行业 - 逆向物流

Top 10 Automakers That Most Issued Recalls in 2022
2022 年召回次数最多的十大汽车制造商

67 Recalls  67 召回
2. Volkswagen  2.大众汽车

33 Recalls  33 召回
5. General Motors  5、通用汽车

32 Recalls  32 召回
6. KIA  6、起亚

7. Hyundai  7.现代

8. Tesla  8.特斯拉

9. BMW  9.宝马

19 Recalls  19 召回
10. Nissan  10.日产

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY REVERSE LOGISTICS
汽车行业逆向物流

Nio recalls nearly 5,000 ES8 electric SUVs for 'spontaneous combustion' battery risk
蔚来因电池存在“自燃”风险召回近5000辆ES8电动SUV

8. Phil Dzikiy I Jun 27 2019-11:04 am PT । 䨘 0 Comments
   Phil Dzikiy I Jun 27 2019-11:04 am PT । 䨘 0 条评论
   

   

ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABILITY IN SUPPLY CHAINS
建立供应链的可持续性

• Processing returned goods
  处理退货
• Sorting, examining/testing, restocking, repairing
  分类、检查/测试、补货、修理
• Reconditioning, recycling, disposing
  修复、回收、处置
• Gatekeeping - screening goods to prevent incorrect acceptance of goods
  把关 - 筛选货物以防止错误接收货物
• Avoidance - finding ways to minimize the number of items that are returned
  避免 - 找到尽量减少退回物品数量的方法
• Closed-loop supply chain  闭环供应链
• Proactive design of a supply chain that tries to optimize all forward and reverse flows
  主动设计供应链，尝试优化所有正向和反向流动
• Prepares for returns prior to product introduction
  在产品推出之前准备退货

ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABILITY IN SUPPLY CHAINS
建立供应链的可持续性

KEY FOCUS 1: INTRODUCTION TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)
焦点 1：供应链管理 (SCM) 简介

• Definition and Importance: Understand what SCM is and its role in business.
  定义和重要性：了解什么是 SCM 及其在业务中的作用。
• Components of the Supply Chain: Explore the key elements, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and consumers.
  供应链的组成部分：探索关键要素，包括供应商、制造商、分销商和消费者。
• Value Creation: Discuss how supply chains create value for customers and businesses.
  价值创造：讨论供应链如何为客户和企业创造价值。

KEY FOCUS 2: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
焦点 2：运营管理的基本概念

• Operations Management Overview: Define operations management and its significance in SCM.
  运营管理概述：定义运营管理及其在 SCM 中的重要性。
• Process Optimization: Introduce basic principles of efficiency in production and service delivery.
  流程优化：介绍生产和服务交付效率的基本原则。

KEY FOCUS 3: SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESSES
重点关注点 3：供应链流程

• Demand Forecasting: Techniques for predicting customer demand.
  需求预测：预测客户需求的技术。
• Inventory Management: Principles of managing stock levels effectively.
  库存管理：有效管理库存水平的原则。
• Sourcing and Procurement: Strategies for selecting suppliers and managing purchases
  寻源和采购：选择供应商和管理采购的策略

KEY FOCUS 4: LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION
重点关注点 4：物流与配送

• Transportation Management: Overview of logistics functions, modes of transport, and their implications on cost and service levels.
  运输管理：物流功能、运输方式及其对成本和服务水平的影响的概述。
• Warehousing Operations: Discuss the role of warehousing in the supply chain and best practices for inventory storage.
  仓储运营：讨论仓储在供应链中的作用以及库存存储的最佳实践。

KEY FOCUS 5: SALES -DISTRIBUTION AND OPERATIONS PLANNING
重点关注点 5：销售-分销和运营规划

• Integration of Functions: How S&OP aligns sales forecasts with production planning.
  功能集成：S&OP 如何使销售预测与生产计划保持一致。
• Collaboration Across Departments: Importance of cross-functional collaboration in effective SCM.
  跨部门协作：跨职能协作在有效的 SCM 中的重要性。