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Excessive Ozonation Stress Triggers Severe Membrane Biofilm Accumulation and Fouling
过度的臭氧应激会引发严重的膜生物膜堆积和结垢IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top
- Li Zhang 张丽Li ZhangState Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaMore by Li Zhang
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- Nigel Graham 奈杰尔·格雷厄姆Nigel GrahamDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.More by Nigel Graham
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- Guibai Li 李贵柏Guibai LiState Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, ChinaMore by Guibai Li
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- Yongguan Zhu 朱永官Yongguan ZhuState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaMore by Yongguan Zhu
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- Wenzheng Yu* 俞文正*Wenzheng Yu*Email: wzyu@rcees.ac.cnState Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaMore by Wenzheng Yu
Abstract 抽象
![](/cms/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429/asset/images/medium/es3c10429_0006.gif)
The established benefits of ozone on microbial pathogen inactivation, natural organic matter degradation, and inorganic/organic contaminant oxidation have favored its application in drinking water treatment. However, viable bacteria are still present after the ozonation of raw water, bringing a potential risk to membrane filtration systems in terms of biofilm accumulation and fouling. In this study, we shed light on the role of the specific ozone dose (0.5 mg-O3/mg-C) in biofilm accumulation during long-term membrane ultrafiltration. Results demonstrated that ozonation transformed the molecular structure of influent dissolved organic matter (DOM), producing fractions that were highly bioavailable at a specific ozone dose of 0.5, which was inferred to be a turning point. With the increase of the specific ozone dose, the biofilm microbial consortium was substantially shifted, demonstrating a decrease in richness and diversity. Unexpectedly, the opportunistic pathogen Legionella was stimulated and occurred in approximately 40% relative abundance at the higher specific ozone dose of 1. Accordingly, the membrane filtration system with a specific ozone dose of 0.5 presented a lower biofilm thickness, a weaker fluorescence intensity, smaller concentrations of polysaccharides and proteins, and a lower Raman activity, leading to a lower hydraulic resistance, compared to that with a specific ozone dose of 1. Our findings highlight the interaction mechanism between molecular-level DOM composition, biofilm microbial consortium, and membrane filtration performance, which provides an in-depth understanding of the impact of ozonation on biofilm accumulation.
臭氧对微生物病原体灭活、天然有机物降解和无机/有机污染物氧化的既定益处有利于其在饮用水处理中的应用。然而,原水臭氧化后仍然存在活菌,给膜过滤系统带来了生物膜积聚和结垢的潜在风险。在这项研究中,我们阐明了特定臭氧剂量(0.5 mg-O 3 / mg-C)在长期膜超滤过程中生物膜积累中的作用。结果表明,臭氧化改变了进水溶解有机物(DOM)的分子结构,在特定臭氧剂量为0.5时产生了具有高度生物利用度的馏分,这被认为是一个转折点。随着特定臭氧剂量的增加,生物膜微生物群落发生了显著变化,显示出丰富度和多样性的下降。出乎意料的是,机会性病原体军团菌受到刺激,在较高的特定臭氧剂量 1 下,相对丰度约为 40%。因此,与特定臭氧剂量为1的膜过滤系统相比,特定臭氧剂量为0.5的膜过滤系统具有较低的生物膜厚度,较弱的荧光强度,较低的多糖和蛋白质浓度以及较低的拉曼活性,导致较低的水力阻力。我们的研究结果突出了分子水平DOM组成、生物膜微生物联合体和膜过滤性能之间的相互作用机制,从而深入了解了臭氧对生物膜积累的影响。
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Synopsis 概要
Excessive ozonation stress triggers severe membrane biofilm accumulation
过度的臭氧化应激会引发严重的膜生物膜积累
1. Introduction 1. 引言
膜污染仍然是膜过滤技术应用中的主要问题,其中生物膜层起着关键作用。各种氧化剂或消毒剂通常用于常规工艺的上游预处理,包括膜分离,近年来这些都得到了深入的研究。(1−4) 就替代预处理方法的相对效益而言,包括灭活微生物病原体、分解天然溶解有机物(DOM)、氧化无机污染物以及去除引起味道、气味和颜色的化合物,臭氧在水处理中通常是首选。(5)尽管由于臭氧的快速反应性而难以检测微生物水平,但据报道,在原水臭氧化后,活微生物仍然存在,(6)为在随后的膜表面形成生物膜提供了机会。一些研究已经调查了臭氧化对膜污染的影响(7−10),但对于膜过滤系统的长期运行,臭氧在生物膜积累中的作用尚不清楚。
在臭氧化过程中,DOM是一种由多种天然和人为有机分子组成的高度复杂的混合物,是臭氧的主要消耗者。(11,12) 臭氧能够与亲电官能团和活化的芳香族物质发生反应,破坏双键,从而分裂分子并向分子中添加氧原子。(13,14) 因此,臭氧已被证明通过与 DOM 中常见的酚类部分反应来降低 DOM 的芳香性。 (15) Remucal 等人使用 Orbitrap 质谱法研究了两种 DOM 分离物的分子水平转化,发现除了降低芳香性外,臭氧还降低了 DOM 的表观分子量和电子供体能力,并发生了很大的变化。(16) 此外,臭氧化作用被证明使有机化合物更亲水且易生物降解。(17,18) 然而,一些研究表明,臭氧可能产生反应副产物,这些副产物的生物降解性较差,并且可能有害。(19−21) 因此,臭氧DOM的生物降解性及其对膜表面生物膜随后形成和积累的潜在影响需要进一步评估。
作为一种消毒剂,臭氧在灭活水中的细菌方面非常有效,(22)但臭氧作用后仍会残留耐臭氧细菌,从而增强膜表面生物膜的积累。据报道,活跃生长的微生物物种会分泌可以改变环境条件的次级代谢物,从而影响其他微生物的生长并改变相对丰度水平。(23)由于分泌的细胞外聚合物(EPS)不同,怀疑细菌群落的变化会进一步影响生物膜的结构和性质。(1,24−26) 目前,关于臭氧对生物膜细菌群落的转移的详细信息仍然不足,此外,特定臭氧剂量(定义为臭氧剂量与原水中溶解有机碳的比率(mg-O 3 /mg-C))对微生物组成的影响也在很大程度上是未知的。
DOM为生物膜微生物提供了作为生态位的基质,它们是支持微生物生长的主要能源。(27)据报道,DOM分子组成的变化会影响微生物群落的多样性、结构和功能。(28,29) 反过来,微生物联盟通过将较大的分子降解为较小的结构并将新分子释放到水中来产生化学多样性。(30)化学多样性与生物多样性之间的相互作用是复杂的,但至关重要。之前的几项研究已经调查了自然生态系统,并试图揭示其相互作用机制。在远洋海洋系统中,Osterholz等人发现,活跃的微生物群落与特定的DOM分子式相关,并且这种趋势在物种水平上最为明显。(31)Tanentzap及其同事专注于淡水系统,他们发现化学和微生物多样性呈正相关,DOM对微生物的影响比反之亦然。(27)然而,对工程系统的关注较少,DOM与生物膜微生物联盟之间的相互作用仍然未知,因为它们可能对生物膜积累和膜过滤性能有显著影响,因此特别重要。
在本文中,我们提出了新的信息,揭示了不同特定臭氧剂量下的分子水平DOM组成,生物膜微生物结构,DOM化学多样性与生物膜生物多样性之间的相互作用,重要的是,破译了膜过滤性能的相关影响机制。在这里,傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)因其高分辨率、高灵敏度和质量精度而被用于实验,这是用于分子水平DOM表征的最先进的分析工具。(31)我们假设DOM的组成发生了实质性的变化,这取决于特定臭氧剂量的值。随着特定臭氧剂量的增加,生物膜生物多样性呈现下降趋势。DOM和生物膜微生物联盟的协同作用可能导致膜过滤性能的差异。随后描述的这项研究的目的是深入了解特定臭氧剂量在生物膜形成中的作用以及 DOM、生物膜细菌群落和膜过滤性能之间的相互作用。
2. Materials and Methods 2. 材料与方法
2.1. Experiment setup and Operation
2.1. 实验设置和操作
水样采集自京密河(中国北京),京密河是北京绝大多数市民的饮用水供应来源。选取标称分子截止值为100 kDa,面积约78.5 cm 2 的聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜(中国北京分离设备有限公司)。采用重力驱动的膜过滤系统,其恒定跨膜压力为35 mbar(35 cm水头),因其在生物膜鲁棒性方面的优势而作为实验模型。有关地表水特性和过滤系统的更多详细信息,请参阅支持信息(SI,表S1和图S1)。
地表水由实验室臭氧发生器(ZA-10G-C,中国杭木)用纯氧产生的新鲜气态臭氧进行臭氧处理。气体接触装置在0.1 kPa压力下运行,根据气泡大小在剧烈混合下加入臭氧,得到比剂量0.5 mg-O 3 /mg-C和1 mg-O 3 /mg-C,这是代表实际应用的比例,并使用标准靛蓝方法进行验证。(32)将臭氧样品在室温下储存20小时,以允许臭氧完全消耗和衰变。此后,作为给水的水样被添加到过滤系统中。为方便起见,臭氧比剂量为0.5 mg-O 3 /mg-C和1 mg-O 3 /mg-C的过滤系统分别表示为比率0.5和比率1。
2.2. DOM Preparation for ESI-FT-ICR-MS Measurement and Data Analyses
2.2. ESI-FT-ICR-MS测量和数据分析的DOM准备
为了淡化和浓缩 DOM,使用 Bond Elute PPL 小柱(200 mg,3 mL;Agilent Technologies,USA)根据Dittmar等人的方法(33)简言之,在使用前用3 mL甲醇(MS级)冲洗滤芯。将酸化的样品通过滤芯,用三个滤芯体积的0.01 M HCl冲洗,用超纯氮 2 干燥,并立即用两个滤芯体积的甲醇(MS级)萃取。洗脱液用超纯氮 2 吹干,并重新溶解在1 mL 1:1 (v/v)甲醇/超纯水的混合物中。用0.2μmPTFE注射器过滤器重新过滤样品,并用甲醇与超纯水的1:1混合物预冲洗。将所有样品调节至等量浓度100 mg-C·L –1 ,以消除浓度对被检测分子电离效率的影响。(34,35) 使用该方法提取效率超过75%。(36) 根据先前报告的方法,对每个样品进行一式两份的检查。(37,38)通过提取超纯水,以与样品相同的程序和体积获得吸附剂的空白样品。
使用配备 15.0 T 超导磁体和 ESI 离子源的 solariX FT-ICR-MS 仪器(Bruker Daltonik GmbH,德国)在负离子模式下获得超高分辨率质谱。有关质谱采集、校准和峰分配的详细信息,请参阅支持信息。比率 O/C ≤ 1.2 和 0.2 ≤ H/C ≤ 2.3 被用作公式计算的进一步限制。(39) 根据先前的出版物,van Krevelen 图中的 H/C 和 O/C 截止值描绘了七个化合物基团。(40)为了进一步表征DOM的分子性质,通过以下公式计算了表示芳香族和缩合芳香族结构比例的芳香指数(AI)(41)和与分子生物利用度相关的碳的标称氧化态(NOSC)(42)
其中 C、H、O、N 和 S 分别表示每个公式中碳、氢、氧、氮和硫原子的化学计量数。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验确定显着差异。
2.3. DOM Physicochemical Properties
2.3. DOM理化性质
2.3.1. Fluorescence Characteristic
2.3.1. 荧光特性
使用激发发射矩阵(EEM)荧光光谱仪(F-4600,日立,日本)分析样品(水和生物膜)的荧光特性。使用体积为 15 mL 的 0.1 M NaCl 溶液冲洗膜表面的生物膜。将样品EEM光谱减去空白,在350 nm激发(386–410 nm发射)下通过超纯水拉曼峰对强度进行归一化,将荧光数据转换为拉曼单位(R.U.)。(43)从EEM光谱中去除了一阶和二阶瑞利散射。每个样本一式三份,并对结果进行平均。
2.3.2. Apparent Molecular Weight Distribution
2.3.2. 表观分子量分布
使用高效尺寸排阻色谱法测定样品有机物的表观分子量,工作波长为254 nm。基于以聚苯乙烯磺酸钠为标准品获得的表观分子量曲线,确定了保留时间与表观分子量之间的相关性。因此,确定了样品的表观分子量分布曲线。所有样品在进样到仪器之前都经过 0.22 μm 注射器过滤器的预过滤。
2.3.3. Chemical Bonds Linking the Molecules
2.3.3. 连接分子的化学键
X射线光电子能谱(XPS;PHI Quantera II, ULVAC, Japan)使用 Thermo Escalab 250 电子能谱仪使用 150 W Al-Kα 辐射进行测量,从而鉴定了冻干生物膜表面元素的化学成分和氧化态。使用带有衰减全反射附件的傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱仪(Spectrum Two,PerkinElmer,USA)分析冻干生物膜的官能团。采用拉曼光谱仪(inVia-Reflex,Renishaw,UK)揭示了冻干生物膜的拉曼活性,波长为532 nm,超长工作距离物镜为50×。至少选择了五个随机位置进行测量。XPS光谱通过XPSPEAK软件进一步拟合,所有光谱曲线均使用Origin 2021软件绘制。
2.4. Biofilm Morphological Structure
2.4. 生物膜形态结构
在实验结束时,将生物膜和膜一起轻轻地从过滤装置中取出,然后切成几块。使用冻干机(Scientz-18N,中国)直接冻干切片。使用高分辨率场发射枪扫描电子显微镜(SEM;S-4800,日立,日本)。使用InfiniteFocus(G5,Alicona,Austria)分析新鲜生物膜,这是一种灵活的光学3D测量仪器,可同时产生光学显微照片和粗糙度数据的信息。
2.5. Biofilm DNA Extraction, Sequencing, and Statistical Analyses
2.5. 生物膜DNA提取、测序和统计分析
使用基于蛋白酶K和SDS的裂解从∼2厘米 2 的区域提取生物膜DNA,并根据制造商的方案用DNA Clean&Concentrator-25试剂盒(ZYMO RESEARCH,USA)纯化。在微生物联盟分析中,为每个样品选择了三个区域。使用含有 515 个正向 (5′-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3′) 和 806 个反向 (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′) 的通用引物扩增细菌 16S rRNA 基因的 V4 区域。为每个生物膜选择三个相同大小的区域。所有扩增的基因均由Illumina MiSeq测序仪测序。有关扩增方法和数据处理程序的更多详细信息,请参阅支持信息。原始测序数据被存入美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)的序列读取存档数据库,登录号为PRJNA970303。
为了揭示不同生物膜细菌群落的共性和差异性,基于 R 包 {UpSetR} 的 ASV 数据绘制了 UpSet 图。为了研究不同条件下细菌类群相对丰度的变化,我们破译了门和属水平的分类组成。弦图用 R 包 {circlize} 和 {statnet} 描绘,条形图由 Origin 2021 完成。为了评估不同条件下细菌群落是否存在差异,进行了主坐标分析(PCoA)(R 包 {vegan})。为了量化细菌群落之间的差异,使用 Origin 2021 根据 Bray-Curtis 差异矩阵绘制了一个箱线图。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验确定显着差异。
2.6. Hydraulic Resistance of Filtration System
2.6. 过滤系统的液压阻力
总水力阻力(R t ,[m –1 ])计算公式为:
其中μ是给定温度下水的动态粘度[Pa·s],TMP是跨膜压力[Pa],J是膜过滤系统的渗透通量[L·m –2 ·h –1 ],使用以下公式计算
其中ΔV是渗透体积的变化[L],A是过滤面积[m 2 ],ΔT是时间的变化[h]。
3. Results and Discussion
3. 结果与讨论
3.1. Molecular-level Transformation of DOM by Ozonation
3.1. DOM的臭氧分子转化
为了研究DOM的分子水平组成和变化,根据采集的ESI-FT-ICR谱图绘制了van Krevelen图(支持信息图S2)。如van Krevelen图所示,根据O / C和H / C的元素比率(图1A),DOM分为七个分子类别。根据分子式的差异分布曲线,可以直观地看到不同进水剂中DOM分子的变化(图1B-D)。从区域上看,作为增加特定臭氧剂量的函数,具有脂质、不饱和碳氢化合物和木质素样结构的分子显示出下降的趋势,但随后增加(图1E)。相反,对于脂肪族分子、碳水化合物族分子、单宁族分子和缩合芳香族分子,观察到相反的趋势(图1E)。臭氧通过亲电取代和羟基化对化合物的选择性转化被怀疑是观察到效应的主要贡献者。(12,44)此外,分子之间的转化也可以解释产生的差异。从脂质和木质素样化合物向缩合芳香物质的转化为臭氧化过程中的相反变化行为提供了令人信服的解释。(45)
Figure 1 图1
![](/cms/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429/asset/images/medium/es3c10429_0001.gif)
Figure 1. Molecular-level DOM compositional patterns of the influents. (A) Regions of the van Krevelen diagram based on ratios of O/C and H/C. (B–D) Van Krevelen diagrams of influent DOM in the control, ratio 0.5, and ratio 1 membrane filtration systems, respectively. (E) Regional proportion of the DOM molecules. (F) Venn diagram of the molecular DOM formulas shared in the different samples. (G) Proportion of CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS molecules in control, ratio 0.5, and ratio 1 influents. (H,I) Distribution of AI and NOSC values for molecular formulas of the influent DOM, respectively. Significant differences were investigated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The marks a, b, and c in bold indicate statistical significance at P < 0.05.
图 1.进水物的分子水平DOM组成模式。(A) 基于 O/C 和 H/C 比率的 van Krevelen 图的区域。 (b–D) 分别是控制、比率 0.5 和比率 1 膜过滤系统中进水 DOM 的 Van Krevelen 图。(E) DOM分子的区域比例。(F) 不同样品中共享的分子DOM分子式的维恩图。(G) 对照组 CHO、CHON、CHOS 和 CHONS 分子的比例,比例为 0.5,比例为 1。(H,I)进水DOM分子式AI和NOSC值的分布。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验研究了显着差异。粗体标记 a、b 和 c 表示 P < 0.05 时的统计学显著性。
如维恩图(图1F)所示,共有256个配方不受特定臭氧剂量的影响,并出现在所有样品中。有趣的是,对照/比率 1 组 (1784) 共享的公式数量大于对照/比率 0.5 (369) 和比率 0.5/比率 1 组 (488) 的公式数量。此外,对于分类的CHO、CHON、CHOS、CHONS分子,CHO物种在对照和比例1病例中均比其他物种更显明显;而对于比率为0.5的情况,CHOS化合物占据了最大的百分比(图1G)。这些结果表明,0.5的特定臭氧剂量可能是臭氧化过程的一个转折点。
关于计算出的AI值,比率0.5的中位数(0.179)明显低于其他臭氧处理的中位数(对照组和比率1病例分别为0.313和0.281),这进一步表明了0.5时的特定臭氧剂量在DOM分子变化中的过渡作用。更重要的是,根据NOSC值,比率0.5的中位数(-0.263)明显高于其他两种情况(对照组和比率1病例的中位数分别为-0.553和-0.379),这意味着由0.5的特定臭氧剂量形成的分子具有更高的生物利用度,因为NOSC值反映了分子的生物利用度。(42,46)基于上述研究结果,我们构建了一系列以臭氧水为食源的膜过滤系统,以研究生物膜的形成及其相关机制,这对于水处理中膜的长期运行需要特别关注。
3.2. Shifts in Biofilm Bacterial Community
3.2. 生物膜细菌群落的变化
正如高通量测序数据(图2)所揭示的那样,生物膜细菌组成随特定臭氧剂量的变化而变化。具体而言,所有生物膜共呈现49个扩增子序列变异(ASV),比值0.5和比值1的生物膜共用ASV数为44个,大于对照/比值0.5和对照/比值1生物膜(均为27个ASV;图2A)。这意味着细菌物种在臭氧化过程中的共同性和他者性。此外,值得注意的是,对照生物膜特有的ASV数量最多,为229,而比例为0.5和比例1的生物膜分别为105和57。也就是说,一些细菌物种对增加的特定臭氧剂量不适应,消失或死亡。有关细菌的详细信息,细菌群落在分类学上被揭示出来。变形菌门在所有生物膜中始终出现在非常高的成员中,而在图2B中可以清楚地看到差异。对于对照生物膜,占率为52.9%,但在比率为1的生物膜中达到67.9%。与此一致,Ribeirinho-Soares等人发现臭氧作用促进了微生物群落的改变,导致变形菌占主导地位。(47)据报道,鞭毛有助于变形菌通过运动抵抗不利的外部条件(例如臭氧化),从而促进变形菌的增殖,这可能是相对丰度增加的原因。(48)此外,对于亚优势门浮游菌门,特定臭氧剂量的增加比例从∼7.6%(对照)到∼25.3%(比率0.5)和∼19。6%(比率1),反映了臭氧处理对细菌群落的影响。(49)研究发现,浮游菌的成员在DOM降解中起着重要作用,浮游菌的不同比例可能导致不同生物膜的形成,这将在下文的讨论中进行评估。 (50)
Figure 2 图2
![](/cms/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429/asset/images/medium/es3c10429_0002.gif)
Figure 2. Compositional and diversity patterns of biofilm microbial consortium. (A) Upset plot of the average number of bacterial ASVs shared in the control, ratio 0.5, and ratio 1 biofilms. (B,C) Average relative abundance of bacterial taxa at phylum and genus levels, respectively. (D–G) Shannon, Simpson, Chao 1, and Pielou evenness indexes of the biofilm microbial consortium, respectively. (H) PCoA plot of the biofilm bacterial communities based on the Bray–Curtis distance matrix. (I) Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of bacterial community across different biofilms. Significant differences were investigated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The marks a, b, and c in bold indicate statistical significance at P < 0.05.
图2.生物膜微生物联盟的组成和多样性模式。(A) 对照中共享的细菌 ASV 平均数量的扰动图,比率 0.5 和比率 1 生物膜。(乙、丙)细菌类群在门和属水平上的平均相对丰度。(D-G)Shannon、Simpson、Chao 1 和 Pielou 分别是生物膜微生物联盟的均匀度指数。(H) 基于Bray-Curtis距离矩阵的生物膜细菌群落PCoA图。(I)不同生物膜上细菌群落的Bray-Curtis差异。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验研究了显着差异。粗体标记 a、b 和 c 表示 P < 0.05 时的统计学显著性。
为了进一步了解群落的变化,我们在属水平上分析了微生物。如图2C所示,Gemmata属和Bradythizobium属在对照生物膜中占主导地位,相对丰度超过25%。当臭氧比剂量增加到0.5时,最丰富的物种转移到Gemmata,平均比例达到42.3%。应该注意的是,当特定臭氧剂量增加到1时,机会性病原体军团菌的丰度约为40.0%,远高于对照组(∼4.9%)和0.5个生物膜的比例(∼8.4%)。军团菌属是一种革兰氏阴性兼性细胞内细菌,广泛分布在自然环境和工程水系统中。(51)据报道,生物膜被认为是军团菌的主要宿主之一,(52)其中原生动物通过为细胞内生长提供氨基酸并作为抵御恶劣环境条件和消毒剂的庇护所,是军团菌生存的关键因素。(53)重要的是,军团菌在没有残留臭氧的情况下暴露于臭氧后能够再生,(54)这可以解释为什么军团菌在臭氧水形成的生物膜中占据了较高的相对丰度。
为了破译群落多样性格局的诱发差异,人们关注了生物多样性。正如多样性指数(如Shannon指数和Simpson指数)所揭示的那样,随着特定臭氧剂量的增加,这些值显著下降(Kruskal-Wallis检验,P < 0.05;图2D,E)。此外,在增加特定臭氧剂量的过程中,丰富度和均匀度显著下降,正如Chao 1的下降趋势所证明的那样(Kruskal-Wallis检验,P < 0.05;图2F)和Pielou均匀度指数(Kruskal-Wallis检验,P < 0.05;图2G)。这些都表明,较高的特定臭氧剂量导致微生物群落的生物多样性较低,Gerrity等人的研究结果也支持了这一点。(55)
在群落β多样性方面,基于Bray-Curtis距离矩阵的PCoA图显示,在不同处理下,细菌群落彼此分离明显(图2H),进一步证实了特定臭氧剂量对生物膜细菌群落的影响。通过 Bray-Curtis 差异量化,可以看出对照组和比率 1 群落之间的差异显著高(Kruskal-Wallis 检验,P < 0.05),最大值证明了这一点(中位数 ∼87.0%;图2I)。相比之下,对照组和比率 0.5 细菌群落之间的差异较小(中位数 ∼80.6%),比率 0.5/比率 1 组(中位数 ∼71.2%)的 Bray-Curtis 差异明显较低。因此,特定臭氧剂量在微生物群落的改变中起着重要作用,并且特定臭氧剂量的增加导致了更大的差异。与之前分子水平DOM的结果相比,细菌群落没有出现转折点。这表明特定臭氧剂量对水DOM和生物膜细菌组成有不同影响。虽然与特定臭氧剂量相比,DOM化学成分对细菌种类的影响较小,但它可能在生物膜积累中起着至关重要的作用。因此,随后的结果与积累的生物膜的性质和相关的过滤性能有关。
3.3. Morphological Structure of Biofilm
3.3. 生物膜的形态结构
根据SEM在横截面上捕获的图像,不同生物膜的厚度存在明显差异(图3A)。出乎意料的是,比例为0.5的生物膜具有最小的厚度,产生70.7±2.8μm,仅为对照生物膜(496.2±44.9μm)的14.2%。相反,当特定臭氧剂量增加到1(比率1)时,生物膜厚度约为227.9μm,是比率0.5生物膜的3.2倍,但仅为对照生物膜的45.9%。这表明给水的臭氧确实减少了生物膜的厚度,但这种下降与特定臭氧剂量的增加不成比例。这种差异可能是由于给水DOM的生物利用度不同(图1I)和截获的细菌分泌EPS的能力造成的,其中前者可能起着更重要的作用,可以解释如下。正如在分子水平上所破译的那样,与其他处理相比,在0.5的特定臭氧剂量下形成的DOM分子具有更高的生物利用度(图1I),有助于减少生物膜中的积累。除了生物膜厚度的差异外,从顶部观察时,所有生物膜都显示出具有不同孔径的网络结构(图3B),这与所采用的特定臭氧剂量无关,表明生物膜在物理结构中的共性。(1,26,56,57)
Figure 3 图3
![](/cms/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429/asset/images/medium/es3c10429_0003.gif)
Figure 3. Morphological and chemical structure of biofilms. (A,B) SEM images of biofilms captured in cross-section and top surface, respectively. (C,D) XPS spectra of the biofilms based on elements C and O, respectively.
图3.生物膜的形态和化学结构。(甲、乙)分别在横截面和顶面捕获的生物膜的SEM图像。(C,D)分别基于元素 C 和 O 的生物膜的 XPS 光谱。
关于生物膜的化学结构,XPS全光谱显示元素C和O以相对较高的强度出现(支持信息图S3),因此,我们用精细光谱破译了这些元素(图3C,D)。如图3C所示,生物膜的XPS谱图显示了三种类型的C峰,分别是C-C(284.8 eV)、C-O-C(286.6 eV)和O-CO(288.1、288.3和288.4 eV)。(58)虽然C峰的种类相同,但在比例方面存在明显差异(图3C)。对于C-C键,面积百分比从43.0%(对照)增加到64.7%(比率0.5),然后下降到29.6%(比率1)。相比之下,C-O-C键和O-CO键呈现出相反的变化趋势。对照生物膜中C-O-C和O-CO键的面积百分比分别为41.3%和15.7%。然后,对于0.5生物膜的比率,它们下降到27.8%和7.5%,但此后,随着特定臭氧剂量增加到1,它们增加到49.9%和20.5%(图3C)。关于元素O的XPS光谱,分配给CO和C-O物种的峰(532.1/532.2和532.9/533.0 eV)(图3D)(58)随着特定臭氧剂量的增加而呈现出不同的变化趋势。在增加特定臭氧剂量的过程中,C-O物种有减少(从49.5%到44.6%)然后增加(73.4%)的趋势,这与从C元素中破译的C-O-C物种一致(图3C)。这些观察结果为解释0.5时特定臭氧剂量的转折点提供了进一步的证据,并暗示给水的分子水平DOM组成可能对生物膜化学键产生影响。
3.4. Physicochemical Property of Biofilm Matrix
3.4. 生物膜基质的理化性质
如荧光光谱所示(图4A),所有生物膜DOM,酪氨酸和色氨酸样物质分别在I区和IV区出现两个主峰。根据所展示的颜色,与比例 1 和对照生物膜相比,比例 0.5 生物膜的荧光强度明显较低,这与给水 DOM 的生物利用度成反比。也就是说,给水DOM的生物利用度越高,DOM在生物膜中积累的荧光就越少。就生物膜基质中的官能团而言,具有代表性的FTIR光谱显示出具有不同吸收强度的丰富峰,例如-OH–,CO,酰胺I,酰胺II,酰胺III,C-O-C和C-O(图4B)。虽然不同生物膜的强度差异不大,但−OH-的吸收明显较强,有利于生物膜去除进水流中不需要的污染物。
Figure 4 图4
![](/cms/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429/asset/images/medium/es3c10429_0004.gif)
Figure 4. Physicochemical properties of the biofilm matrix. (A) Representative fluorescence spectra of the DOM extracted in the biofilm matrix with phosphate buffer solution. (B) Representative FTIR spectra. (C) Representative optical micrographs and the corresponding surface roughness. (D) Concentrations of polysaccharides and proteins. (E) Representative Raman spectra. Significant differences were assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test and * represents P < 0.05.
图4.生物膜基质的物理化学性质。(A)用磷酸盐缓冲溶液在生物膜基质中提取的DOM的代表性荧光光谱。(B) 具有代表性的傅里叶变换红外光谱。(C)具有代表性的光学显微照片和相应的表面粗糙度。(D) 多糖和蛋白质的浓度。(E) 具有代表性的拉曼光谱。通过 Kruskal-Wallis 检验评估显著差异,* 表示 P < 0.05。
在表面形态方面,生物膜基质的不同聚集状态是由InfiniteFocus G5揭示的比臭氧剂量的变化引起的,随着比臭氧剂量的增加,生物膜基质趋于稀疏(图4C)。同时,表面粗糙度降低,如Sq值(图4C和支持信息表S2)所示,按对照(2.516μm)>比0.5(1.540μm)>比1(0.873μm)的顺序给出值,怀疑这是细菌和DOM产生的共同效应。 有趣的是,根据量化结果, 比例1样品的多糖浓度(173.52 ± 3.77 μg·cm –2 )和蛋白质(30.41 ± 1.53 μg·cm –2 )的浓度是比例0.5样品(多糖和蛋白质分别为50.60±2.22和8.05 ± 0.92 μg·cm –2 )的2.5倍,与观察到的更大的生物膜厚度(图3A)和更强的荧光强度(图4A)一致。这进一步暗示了给水DOM的生物利用度在累积物质的影响中的作用。
具有代表性的拉曼光谱在所有生物膜中分别在1004(α)、1155(β)和1512 cm –1 (γ)处显示出三个主要峰,分别与P-O-P、C-O-C和-COO – 的振动有关(59),为FTIR光谱提供了有价值的补充信息。P-O-P基团构成DNA分子的磷酸盐骨架,−COO – 基团的存在意味着相邻阴离子聚合物之间通过静电相互作用进行连接。(59,60)此外,对照生物膜的拉曼活性明显最高,其次是比值1和比值0.5的生物膜,这也表明比臭氧剂量的转折点为0.5。
总的来说,对生物膜基质特性的详细研究提供了关于特定臭氧剂量在生物膜形成中的作用的进一步信息,此外,生物膜的多方面特征被发现是相互印证的。其中,给水DOM和生物膜细菌共同作用于生物膜的形成,但由于实验的局限性,它们各自的贡献难以确定。
3.5. Filtration Performance of Membrane System
3.5. 膜系统的过滤性能
实验表明,所有过滤系统均表现出优异的荧光物质去除性能,尤其是I区和IV区的酪氨酸和色氨酸样物质(图5A)。应该注意的是,比率1系统的流出物呈现出极低的荧光强度,约为零R.U。这意味着1的特定臭氧剂量足以产生高质量的流出物,而进一步增加特定臭氧剂量不会有显着的好处,这是在实际应用中降低成本的重要因素。
Figure 5 图5
![](/cms/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429/asset/images/medium/es3c10429_0005.gif)
Figure 5. Filtration performance of membrane systems. (A) Representative fluorescence spectra of DOM in the influents and effluents of membrane filtration systems. (B) Regional removal rate of fluorescence intensity by the membrane filtration systems. (C) Apparent molecular weight distribution profile of the DOM in the influents and effluents. (D) Hydraulic resistance of the membrane system in the course of filtration.
图5.膜系统的过滤性能。(A)DOM在膜过滤系统进水和出水中的代表性荧光光谱。(B)膜过滤系统对荧光强度的区域去除率。(C) DOM在进水和出水中的表观分子量分布曲线。(D)过滤过程中膜系统的水力阻力。
从区域来看,根据图5B中的数据,比率1过滤系统在去除I、II、IV和V区域的物质方面表现最佳,分别产生64.9%±6.6%、43.6±7.0%、59.4±9.0%和12.6%±1.0%。这可能归因于生物膜的厚度相对较大(与0.5样品的比例相比),更重要的是,微生物联盟的丰富度较低,因为丰富的微生物会分泌大量的荧光物质。有趣的是,在富里酸(III区)和腐殖酸样物质(V区)方面,去除率呈现出与生物膜厚度一致的趋势,这意味着生物膜的厚度在去除这两种物质中起着重要作用。
从表观分子量(图5C)的角度来看,臭氧化有效地降低了600至10,000 Da范围内物质的强度,如比率0.5和比率1样品的进水强度所示。对照/比率0.5样品的进水强度差异大于比率0.5/比率1样品的强度差异,表明进一步增加比臭氧剂量(>0.5)可能导致去除效率的有限提高。
此外,还研究了水力阻力,以评估膜过滤效率。作为过滤时间的函数,控制系统始终具有最大的水力阻力,但臭氧的影响虽然有利于显着降低阻力,但出乎意料,其中比率 1 系统表现出比比率 0.5 系统更大的阻力值。在伪稳定期,比值0.5和比值1系统的水±力阻力分别达到10 12 12 m和(5.16 ± 0.34)××10 m –1 –1 和(5.16 0.34),仅占控制系统((17.23 ± 1.21)×10 12 m –1 的13.5%和30.0%左右。对照、比率0.5和比率1过滤系统的渗透通量分别为0.76±0.05、5.33±0.10和2.49±0.15 L·m –2 ·h –1 (支持信息图S4)。这些结果清楚地表明,给水的臭氧化可以提高膜过滤效率,但臭氧剂量需要优化,避免过多的臭氧。
3.6. Synergistic Driving Mechanism of DOM and Biofilm Microbial Consortium on Membrane Filtration Efficiency
3.6. DOM和生物膜微生物联盟对膜过滤效率的协同驱动机制
3.6.1. Variation in DOM Molecules and Bacterial Community Triggered Discrepancy in Biofilm Morphology and Properties
3.6.1. DOM分子和细菌群落的变化引发了生物膜形态和性质的差异
正如ESI-FT-ICR数据所揭示的那样,剂量臭氧诱导了给水中分子水平DOM的转变,但DOM分子的变化取决于特定臭氧剂量的值(图1)。据推测,0.5的比臭氧剂量是DOM转型的转折点,从而获得了最低的AI值。重要的是,这些分子具有很高的生物利用度,表明它们很容易被细菌接近,因此很容易降解,这有利于减少生物膜中水有机物的积累,正如较低的生物膜厚度所证明的那样(图3A)。
此外,生物膜微生物群落还通过分泌EPS导致膜过滤效率的变化。对于成熟的生物膜,微生物群落的演替受特定臭氧剂量和进水DOM的影响。 其中,由于微生物对臭氧剂量的敏感性和耐受性不同,特定臭氧剂量在生物膜微生物中起选择性作用。例如,如本研究所证明的那样,军团菌受到高比臭氧剂量的强烈刺激(图2C),微生物联盟随着特定臭氧剂量的增加而移动(图2B,C)。臭氧菌群落和对照细菌群落之间的相似性随着特定臭氧剂量的增加而降低,而比率0.5/比率1组表现出相对较高的相似性(图2I),验证了特定臭氧剂量在改变生物膜细菌群落方面的重要作用。与此一致,Sun等人还发现臭氧氧化影响了生物膜中的细菌群落。(22)
同时,进水DOM提供了基质,作为生物膜微生物的生态位,这也可能影响微生物物种。(27,28) 在这项研究中,尽管生物膜微生物群落与进水 DOM 呈现出不一致的变化,但由于进水 DOM 的作用与特定臭氧剂量相比较弱,但不应忽视进水 DOM 对生物膜微生物组成的贡献。由于特定臭氧剂量和进水DOM的影响,生物膜微生物群落各不相同,导致EPS的存在发生变化。
3.6.2. Induced Changes in Biofilm Drove Disparity in Membrane Filtration Performance
3.6.2. 生物膜的诱导变化导致膜过滤性能的差异
累积进水DOM和EPS的变化导致生物膜的结构和性质发生变化,进一步影响了膜过滤效率。正如本研究所揭示的那样,比率为0.5的过滤系统显示出生物膜厚度减小(图3A),荧光强度减弱(图4A),多糖和蛋白质浓度降低(图4D)和拉曼活性降低(图4E)。因此,与零臭氧和较高(过量)比率 1 的膜过滤系统相比,这导致了较低的水力阻力(图 5D)和更高的渗透液通量(支持信息图 S4)。Desmond等人的研究结果也支持了这一点,揭示了EPS的组成可以决定膜生物膜的介观物理结构,进而决定其水力阻力。(24)
Supporting Information 支持信息
The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429.
支持信息可在 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429 免费获得。
The Supporting Information includes 4 figures and 3 tables, which supplement the results in the manuscript. These comprise the following: schematic diagram of membrane filtration system (Figure S1), FT-ICR mass spectra of influent DOM in membrane filtration systems (Figure S2), XPS full spectra of biofilms (Figure S3), variation in permeate flux of membrane filtration systems in the course of each experiment (Figure S4), principal water quality parameters of surface water (Table S1), area percent of XPS spectral peaks (Table S2), and biofilm surface texture of roughness data set (Table S3) (PDF)
支持信息包括 4 个图表和 3 个表格,补充了手稿中的结果。这些包括以下内容:膜过滤系统的示意图(图S1),膜过滤系统中进水DOM的FT-ICR质谱图(图S2),生物膜的XPS全谱图(图S3),膜过滤系统在每个实验过程中渗透通量的变化(图S4),地表水的主要水质参数(表S1), XPS光谱峰的面积百分比(表S2)和粗糙度数据集的生物膜表面纹理(表S3)(PDF)
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Acknowledgments 确认
This research was supported financially by the Beijing Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant no. JQ21032) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 52370184).
本研究由北京市自然科学杰出青年基金资助。JQ21032)和国家自然科学基金(批准号:52370184)。
References 引用
This article references 60 other publications.
本文引用了60篇其他出版物。
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2余,W.;Graham, N. J. D.Fe(II)/K 2 MnO 4 作为预处理在饮用水处理中控制超滤膜污垢的应用。J.门布尔。Sci.2015, 473, 283– 291, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.060 - 3Yu, W.; Xu, L.; Graham, N.; Qu, J. Pre-treatment for ultrafiltration: Effect of pre-chlorination on membrane fouling. Sci. Rep.IF 4.6SCIEJCI 1.06Q2综合性期刊2区2014, 4, 6513, DOI: 10.1038/srep06513Google Scholar Google 学术搜索3https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXksVWmsbo%253D&md5=315394adaa8ecb9b3fd01f3f45d8263aPre-treatment for ultrafiltration: effect of pre-chlorination on membrane foulingYu, Wenzheng; Xu, Lei; Graham, Nigel; Qu, JiuhuiScientific Reports (2014), 4 (), 6513CODEN: SRCEC3; ISSN:2045-2322. (Nature Publishing Group)Microbial effects are believed to be a major contributor to membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is commonly applied in membrane cleaning, but its potential use as a pretreatment for controlling operational fouling has received little attention. In this study, the effect of adding a continuous low dose of NaClO (1 mg/l as active Cl) in combination with alum, before ultrafiltration, was compared with only alum as pretreatment. The results showed that the addn. of NaClO substantially reduced membrane fouling both in terms of the rate of TMP development and the properties of the membrane cake layer. Although the size of nano-scale primary coagulant flocs changed little by the addn. of NaClO, the cake layer on the membrane had a greater porosity and a substantially reduced thickness. NaClO was found to inactivate bacteria in the influent flow, which reduced both microbial proliferation and the prodn. of proteins and polysaccharides in the cake layer and contributed significantly to improving the overall ultrafiltration performance. NaClO dosing had no adverse impact on the formation of currently regulated disinfection byproduct compds. (THMs and HAAs).
3余,W.;徐,L.;格雷厄姆,N.;曲,J.超滤预处理:预氯化对膜结垢的影响。Sci. Rep.2014, 4, 6513, DOI: 10.1038/srep06513 - 4Liu, T.; Chen, Z.-L.; Yu, W.-Z.; You, S.-J. Characterization of organic membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor with pre-ozonation using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2011, 45 (5), 2111– 2121, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.023Google Scholar Google 学术搜索4https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXitFaqurY%253D&md5=d8862c5f758d9b4d58f6d80045804e9dCharacterization of organic membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor with pre-ozonation using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopyLiu, Ting; Chen, Zhong-lin; Yu, Wen-zheng; You, Shi-jieWater Research (2011), 45 (5), 2111-2121CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier B.V.)This study focuses on org. membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) process with pre-ozonation compared to an individual MBR using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. While the influent was continuously ozonated at a normal dosage, preferable org. matter removal was achieved in subsequent MBR, and trans-membrane pressure increased at a much lower rate than that of the individual MBR. EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to characterize the dissolved org. matter (DOM) samples, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) samples and membrane foulants. Four main peaks could be identified from the EEM fluorescence spectra of the DOM samples in both MBRs. Two peaks were assocd. with the protein-like fluorophores, and the other ones were related to the humic-like fluorophores. The results indicated that pre-ozonation decreased fluorescence intensities of all peaks in the EEM spectra of influent DOM esp. for protein-like substances and caused red shifts of all fluorescence peaks to different extents. The peak intensities of the protein-like substances represented by Peak T1 and T2 in EPS spectra were obviously decreased as a result of pre-ozonation. Both external and internal fouling could be effectively mitigated by the pre-ozonation. The most primary component of external foulants was humic acid-like substance (Peak C) in the MBR with pre-ozonation and protein-like substance (Peak T1) in the individual MBR, resp. The content decrease of protein-like substances and structural change of humic-like substances were obsd. in external foulants from EEM fluorescence spectra due to pre-ozonation. However, it could be seen that ozonation resulted in significant redn. of intensities but little location shift of all peaks in EEM fluorescence spectra of internal foulants.
4刘T.;陈志麟;俞,W.-Z.;You, S.-J.使用三维激发发射基质荧光光谱表征浸没式膜生物反应器中的有机膜污染物,并进行预臭氧化。水研究 2011, 45 (5), 2111– 2121, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.023 - 5Kotlarz, N.; Rockey, N.; Olson, T. M.; Haig, S. J.; Sanford, L.; LiPuma, J. J.; Raskin, L. Biofilms in full-scale drinking water ozone contactors contribute viable bacteria to ozonated water. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 52 (5), 2618– 2628, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04212Google Scholar Google 学术搜索5https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXjtlCktA%253D%253D&md5=b874766ef69b5347cbe6e738dc951156Biofilms in Full-Scale Drinking Water Ozone Contactors Contribute Viable Bacteria to Ozonated WaterKotlarz, Nadine; Rockey, Nicole; Olson, Terese M.; Haig, Sarah-Jane; Sanford, Larry; LiPuma, John J.; Raskin, LutgardeEnvironmental Science & Technology (2018), 52 (5), 2618-2628CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)Concns. of viable microbial cells were monitored using culture-based and culture-independent methods across multichamber ozone contactors in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Membrane-intact and culturable cell concns. in ozone contactor effluents ranged from 1200 to 3750 cells/mL and from 200 to 3850 colony forming units/mL, resp. Viable cell concns. decreased significantly in the first ozone contact chamber, but rose, even as ozone exposure increased, in subsequent chambers. Our results implicate microbial detachment from biofilms on contactor surfaces, and from biomass present within lime softening sediments in a hydraulic dead zone, as a possible reason for increasing cell concns. in water samples from sequential ozone chambers. Biofilm community structures on baffle walls upstream and downstream from the dead zone were significantly different from each other (p = 0.017). The biofilms downstream of the dead zone contained a significantly (p = 0.036) higher relative abundance of bacteria of the genera Mycobacterium and Legionella than the upstream biofilms. These results have important implications as the effluent from ozone contactors is often treated further in biol. active filters and bacteria in ozonized water continuously seed filter microbial communities.
5科特拉兹,N.;罗基,N.;奥尔森,TM;黑格,SJ;桑福德,L.;利彪马,J.J.;Raskin, L.全尺寸饮用水臭氧接触器中的生物膜为臭氧水提供了活细菌。环境。科学技术.2018, 52 (5), 2618– 2628, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04212 - 6Hammes, F.; Berney, M.; Wang, Y.; Vital, M.; Koster, O.; Egli, T. Flow-cytometric total bacterial cell counts as a descriptive microbiological parameter for drinking water treatment processes. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2008, 42 (1–2), 269– 277, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.009Google Scholar Google 学术搜索6https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXhsVGlur%252FF&md5=6ab3931f0b41fa3150749dd4f76f71c9Flow-cytometric total bacterial cell counts as a descriptive microbiological parameter for drinking water treatment processesHammes, Frederik; Berney, Michael; Wang, Yingying; Vital, Marius; Koester, Oliver; Egli, ThomasWater Research (2008), 42 (1-2), 269-277CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)There are significantly more microbial cells in drinking water than what can be cultured on synthetic growth media. Nonetheless, cultivation-based heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) are used worldwide as a general microbial quality parameter in drinking water treatment and distribution. Total bacterial cell concns. are normally not considered during drinking water treatment as a design, operative or legislative parameters. This is mainly because easy and rapid methods for quantification of total bacterial cell concns. have, up to now, not been available. As a consequence, the existing lack of data does not allow demonstrating the practical value of this parameter. We used fluorescence staining of microbial cells with the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I together with quant. flow cytometry (FCM) to analyze total cell concns. in water samples from a drinking water pilot plant. The plant treats surface water (Lake Zuerich) through sequential ozonization, granular activated C (GAC) filtration and membrane ultrafiltration (UF). The data were compared with adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) measurements and conventional HPCs performed on the same water samples. We demonstrated that the impact of all 3 major treatment steps on the microbiol. in the system could accurately be described with total cell counting: ozonization caused chem. destruction of the bacterial cells; GAC filtration facilitated significant regrowth of the microbial community; and membrane UF phys. removed the bacterial cells from the water. FCM typically detected 1-2 log units more than HPC, while ATP measurements were prone to interference from extracellular ATP released during the ozonation step in the treatment train. We show that total cell concn. measured with FCM is a rapid, easy, sensitive and importantly, a descriptive parameter of several widely applied drinking water treatment processes.
6哈姆斯,F.;伯尼,M.;王彦;维塔尔,M.;科斯特,O.;Egli, T.流式细胞术总细菌细胞计数作为饮用水处理过程的描述性微生物参数。水研究 2008, 42 (1–2), 269– 277, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.009 - 7Jiang, T.; Tian, T.; Guan, Y.-F.; Yu, H.-Q. Contrasting behaviors of pre-ozonation on ceramic membrane biofouling: Early stage vs late stage. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 220, 118702, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118702Google Scholar Google 学术搜索7https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XhsFGhurnJ&md5=ac3d150b83c4b2f3f122c42c69945e17Contrasting behaviors of pre-ozonation on ceramic membrane biofouling: Early stage vs late stageJiang, Ting; Tian, Tian; Guan, Yan-Fang; Yu, Han-QingWater Research (2022), 220 (), 118702CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)Pre-ozonation coupled with ceramic membrane filtration has been widely used to alleviate membrane fouling. However, information on the efficiency and underlying mechanism of pre-ozonation in the evolution of ceramic membrane biofouling is limited. Herein, filtration expts. with a synthesis wastewater contg. activated sludge were conducted in a cross-flow system to evaluate the effects of pre-ozonation on ceramic membrane biofouling. Result of flux tests show that pre-ozonation aggravated biofouling at the early stage, but alleviated the biofouling at the late stage. In situ FTIR spectra show that the aggravated biofouling with pre-ozonation was mainly caused by the enhanced complexation between phosphate group from DNA and Al2O3 surface and the increased rigid of proteins' structure. At the early stage, more severe pore blockage further substantiated the higher permeate resistance. By contrast, more dead cells were obsd. on membrane surface at the late stage, indicating the prevention of biofouling development after long-term pre-ozonation. Addnl., the structures and compns. of cake layers at the early and late stages exhibited considerable differences accompanied by the variation in microbial community with the evolution of biofouling. Therefore, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of pre-ozonation in biofouling in long-term operation and provides mechanistic insights into the evolution of biofouling on ceramic membrane.
7蒋婷婷;田,T.;关永芳;Yu, H.-Q.陶瓷膜生物污损预臭氧化的对比行为:早期与晚期。水研究 2022, 220, 118702, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118702 - 8Du, J. Y.; Wang, C.; Zhao, Z. W.; Chen, R.; Zhang, P. F.; Cui, F. Y. Effect of vacuum ultraviolet/ozone pretreatment on alleviation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by algal extracellular and intracellular organic matter. ChemosphereIF 8.8SCIEJCI 1.55Q1环境科学与生态学2区Top2022, 305, 135455, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135455Google Scholar Google 学术搜索8https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XhsF2qsrnP&md5=26ba12e172eb505a881aae8f611b9b35Effect of vacuum ultraviolet/ozone pretreatment on alleviation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by algal extracellular and intracellular organic matterDu, Jinying; Wang, Chuang; Zhao, Zhiwei; Chen, Rui; Zhang, Pengfei; Cui, FuyiChemosphere (2022), 305 (), 135455CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN:0045-6535. (Elsevier Ltd.)Algal blooms in source water can cause algal org. matter (AOM)-related membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Herein, the effects of vacuum UV/ozone (VUV/O3) pretreatment on alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by AOM, including extracellular org. matter (EOM) and intracellular org. matter (IOM), were investigated systematically. Compared to its sub-processes (UV/O3, O3, VUV, and UV), VUV/O3 pretreatment showed the best performance on AOM removal and membrane fouling mitigation. After VUV/O3 pretreatment, the DOC of EOM and IOM in feed decreased by 51.1% and 26.7%, resp., and fluorescence components and UV254 of EOM and IOM in feed decreased obviously. Hence, the final specific fluxes of the membranes increased significantly under the impacts of VUV/O3, and VUV/O3 achieved 89.5% and 97.2% mitigation of reversible fouling caused by EOM and IOM, resp. VUV/O3 pretreatment also reduced the foulants on membrane surface and surface roughness. Moreover, under the effects of reactive oxygen species oxidn., VUV photolysis, and direct O3 oxidn., VUV/O3 decreased org. load and changed the mol. wt. distribution, hydrophilicity, and interaction-free energy of AOM, thus mitigating membrane fouling. Furthermore, the effects of O3 dosage and mol. wt. cut-off of ultrafiltration membrane on membrane fouling mitigation by VUV/O3 were also investigated. All results highlighted that VUV/O3 pretreatment had huge potential in mitigating AOM-induced membrane fouling.
8杜,J.Y.;王,C.;赵志伟;陈,R.;张,P.F.;真空紫外/臭氧预处理对缓解藻类细胞外和细胞内有机物引起的超滤膜污染的影响.化学圈2022, 305, 135455, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135455 - 9Yu, W.; Liu, T.; Crawshaw, J.; Liu, T.; Graham, N. Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membrane fouling by natural organic matter: Mechanisms and mitigation by pre-ozonation and pH. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 139, 353– 362, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.025Google Scholar Google 学术搜索9https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXns1WmsLs%253D&md5=420aabcd3a3d86d667c671cfbf6ea2f5Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membrane fouling by natural organic matter: Mechanisms and mitigation by pre-ozonation and pHYu, Wenzheng; Liu, Teng; Crawshaw, John; Liu, Ting; Graham, NigelWater Research (2018), 139 (), 353-362CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)The fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes during the treatment of surface waters continues to be of concern and the particular role of natural org. matter (NOM) requires further investigation. In this study the effect of pH and surface charge on membrane fouling during the treatment of samples of a representative surface water (Hyde Park recreational lake) were evaluated, together with the impact of pre-ozonation. While biopolymers in the surface water could be removed by the UF membrane, smaller mol. wt. (MW) fractions of NOM were poorly removed, confirming the importance of membrane pore size. For NF membranes the removal of smaller MW fractions (800Da-10kDa) was less than expected from their pore size; however, nearly all of the hydrophobic, humic-type substances could be removed by the hydrophilic NF membranes for all MW distributions (greater than 90%). The results indicated the importance of the charge and hydrophilic nature of the NOM. Thus, the hydrophilic NF membrane could remove the hydrophobic org. matter, but not the hydrophilic substances. Increasing charge effects (more neg. zeta potentials) with increasing soln. pH were found to enhance orgs. removal and reduce fouling (flux decline), most likely through greater membrane surface repulsion. Pre-ozonation of the surface water increased the hydrophilic fraction and anionic charge of NOM and altered their size distributions. This resulted in a decreased fouling (less flux decline) for the UF and smaller pore NF, but a slight increase in fouling for the larger pore NF. The differences in the NF behavior are believed to relate to the relative sizes of ozonated org. fractions and the NF pores; a similar size of ozonated org. fractions and the NF pores causes significant membrane fouling.
9余,W.;刘婷婷;克劳肖,J.;刘婷婷;Graham, N.天然有机物的超滤和纳滤膜污染:预臭氧和pH值的机制和缓解。水研究 2018, 139, 353– 362, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.025 - 10Wang, L.; Song, S.; Xu, L.; Graham, N. J. D.; Yu, W. Z. Beneficial role of pre- and post-ozonation in a low rate biofiltration-ultrafiltration process treating reclaimed water. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 226, 119284, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119284Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
10王玲玲;宋,S.;徐,L.;格雷厄姆,新泽西州;Yu, W. Z.臭氧化前和臭氧后在处理再生水的低速率生物过滤-超滤过程中的有益作用。水研究 2022, 226, 119284, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119284 - 11Jennings, E.; Kremser, A.; Han, L. M.; Reemtsma, T.; Lechtenfeld, O. J. Discovery of polar ozonation byproducts via direct injection of effluent organic matter with online LC-FT-ICR-MS. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 56 (3), 1894– 1904, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04310Google Scholar Google 学术搜索11https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XlvVCjtg%253D%253D&md5=612f9cbdc1d13d9f3af1c3c92ebc33c8Discovery of polar ozonation byproducts via direct injection of effluent organic matter with online LC-FT-ICR-MSJennings, Elaine; Kremser, Arina; Han, Limei; Reemtsma, Thorsten; Lechtenfeld, Oliver J.Environmental Science & Technology (2022), 56 (3), 1894-1904CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:1520-5851. (American Chemical Society)Effluent org. matter (EfOM), a major ozone consumer during wastewater ozonation, is a complex mixt. of natural and anthropogenic org. mols. Ozonation of EfOM adds to mol. complexity by introducing polar and potentially mobile ozonation byproducts (OBPs). Currently, nontargeted direct infusion (DI) ultrahigh resoln. mass spectrometry (e.g. FT-ICR-MS) is used to study OBPs but requires sample extn., limiting the accessible polarity range of OBPs. To better understand the impact of ozonation on EfOM and the formation of polar OBPs, nonextd. effluent was analyzed by direct injection onto a reversed-phase liq. chromatog. system (RP-LC) online hyphenated with an FT-ICR-MS. Over four times more OBPs were detected in nonextd. EfOM compared to effluent extd. with solid phase extn. and measured with DI-FT-ICR-MS (13817 vs 3075). Over 1500 highly oxygenated OBPs were detected exclusively in early eluting fractions of nonextd. EfOM, indicating polar OBPs. Oxygenation of these newly discovered OBPs is higher than previously found, with an av. mol. DBE-O value of -3.3 and O/C ratio of 0.84 in the earliest eluting OBP fractions. These polar OBPs are consistently lost during extn. but may play an important role in understanding the environmental impact of ozonated EfOM. Moreover, 316 mol. formulas classified as nonreactive to ozone in DI-FT-ICR-MS can be identified with LC-FT-ICR-MS as isomers with varying degrees of reactivity, providing for the first time exptl. evidence of differential reactivity of complex org. matter isomers with ozone.
11詹宁斯,E.;克雷姆瑟,A.;韩,L.M.;雷姆茨玛,T.;Lechtenfeld, O. J.通过在线LC-FT-ICR-MS直接注入废水有机物发现极性臭氧化副产物。环境。科学技术.2022, 56 (3), 1894– 1904, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04310 - 12Phungsai, P.; Kurisu, F.; Kasuga, I.; Furumai, H. Changes in dissolved organic matter composition and disinfection byproduct precursors in advanced drinking water treatment processes. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 52 (6), 3392– 3401, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04765Google Scholar Google 学术搜索12https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXjtVemurk%253D&md5=7f763252275b4c420cda1a79feab6d19Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in Advanced Drinking Water Treatment ProcessesPhungsai, Phanwatt; Kurisu, Futoshi; Kasuga, Ikuro; Furumai, HiroakiEnvironmental Science & Technology (2018), 52 (6), 3392-3401CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)Mol. changes in dissolved org. matter (DOM) from treatment processes at two drinking water treatment plants in Japan were investigated using unknown screening anal. by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. DOM formulas with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CHO-DOM) were the most abundant class in water samples, and over half of them were commonly found at both plants. Among the treatment processes, ozonization induced the most drastic changes to DOM. Mass peak intensities of less satd. CHO-DOM (pos. (oxygen subtracted double bond equiv. per carbon (DBE-O)/C)) decreased by ozonization, while more satd. oxidn. byproducts (neg. (DBE-O)/C) increased and new oxidn. byproducts (OBPs) were detected. By Kendrick mass anal., ozone reactions preferred less satd. CHO-DOM in the same alkylation families and produced more satd. alkylation families of OBPs. Following ozonization, biol. activated carbon filtration effectively removed <300 Da CHO-DOM, including OBPs. Following chlorination, over 50 chlorinated formulas of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were found in chlorinated water samples where at least half were unknown. Putative precursors of these DBPs were detd. based on electrophilic substitutions and addn. reactions. Ozonization demonstrated better decompn. of addn. reaction-type precursors than electrophilic substitution-type precursors; over half of both precursor types decreased during biol. activated carbon filtration.
12Phungsai,P.;栗树,F.;春日,I.;Furumai, H.先进饮用水处理工艺中溶解有机物组成和消毒副产物前体的变化。环境。科学技术.2018, 52 (6), 3392– 3401, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04765 - 13von Gunten, U. Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2003, 37 (7), 1443– 1467, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00457-8Google Scholar Google 学术搜索13https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3sXhtlGqsr4%253D&md5=a71315929c55e466b0f0f0a8908eebb3Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formationvon Gunten, UrsWater Research (2003), 37 (7), 1443-1467CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)A review is given. The oxidn. of org. and inorg. compds. during ozonization can occur via ozone or OH radicals or a combination thereof. The oxidn. pathway is detd. by the ratio of ozone and OH radical concns. and the corresponding kinetics. A huge database with several hundred rate consts. for ozone and a few thousand rate consts. for OH radicals is available. Ozone is an electrophile with a high selectivity. The 2nd-order rate consts. for oxidn. by ozone vary over 10 orders of magnitude, <0.1-7 × 109/M-s. The reactions of ozone with drinking-water relevant inorg. compds. are typically fast and occur by an oxygen atom transfer reaction. Org. micropollutants are oxidized with ozone selectively. Ozone reacts mainly with double bonds, activated arom. systems and non-protonated amines. In general, electron-donating groups enhance the oxidn. by ozone whereas electron-withdrawing groups reduce the reaction rates. The kinetics of direct ozone reactions depend strongly on the speciation (acid-base, metal complexation). The reaction of OH radicals with the majority of inorg. and org. compds. is nearly diffusion-controlled. The degree of oxidn. by ozone and OH radicals is given by the corresponding kinetics. Product formation from the ozonation of org. micropollutants in aq. systems has only been established for a few compds.
13von Gunten,U.饮用水的臭氧作用:第一部分,氧化动力学和产物形成。水研究 2003, 37 (7), 1443– 1467, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00457-8
- 14von Gunten, U. Ozonation of drinking water: Part II. Disinfection and by-product formation in presence of bromide, iodide or chlorine. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2003, 37 (7), 1469– 1487, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00458-XGoogle Scholar Google 学术搜索14https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3sXhtlGqsr8%253D&md5=ba68eddfcd8c59a62e16885393b6f0d5Ozonation of drinking water: Part II. Disinfection and by-product formation in presence of bromide, iodide or chlorinevon Gunten, UrsWater Research (2003), 37 (7), 1469-1487CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)A review is given. Proper rate consts. for the inactivation of microorganisms are only available for 6 species (E. coli, Bacillus subtilis spores, Rotavirus, Giardia lamblia cysts, Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts). The apparent activation energy for the inactivation of bacteria is in the same order as most chem. reactions (35-50 KJ/mol), whereas it is much higher for the inactivation of protozoa (80 KJ/mol). This requires significantly higher ozone exposures at low temps. to get a similar inactivation for protozoa. Even for the inactivation of resistant microorganisms, OH radicals only play a minor role. Numerous org. and inorg. ozonation disinfection/oxidn. byproducts have been identified. The byproduct of main concern is bromate, which is formed in bromide-contg. waters. A low drinking water std. of 10 μg/L has been set for bromate. Therefore, disinfection and oxidn. processes have to be evaluated to fulfil these criteria. In certain cases, when bromide concns. are above about 50 μg/L, it may be necessary to use control measures to lower bromate formation (lowering of pH, ammonia addn.). Iodate is the main byproduct formed during ozonation of iodide-contg. waters. The reactions involved are direct ozone oxidns. Iodate is considered non-problematic because it is transformed back to iodide endogenically. Chloride cannot be oxidized during ozonation processes under drinking water conditions. Chlorate is only formed if a preoxidn. by chlorine and/or chlorine dioxide has occurred.
14von Gunten,U.饮用水臭氧化:第二部分。在溴化物、碘化物或氯存在下进行消毒和副产物形成。水研究 2003, 37 (7), 1469– 1487, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00458-X
- 15Wenk, J.; Aeschbacher, M.; Salhi, E.; Canonica, S.; von Gunten, U.; Sander, M. Chemical oxidation of dissolved organic matter by chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and ozone: Effects on its optical and antioxidant properties. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2013, 47 (19), 11147– 11156, DOI: 10.1021/es402516bGoogle Scholar Google 学术搜索15https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhtleksbbE&md5=11bda373fa816d65351e83e1b8e3b9f1Chemical Oxidation of Dissolved Organic Matter by Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorine, and Ozone: Effects on Its Optical and Antioxidant PropertiesWenk, Jannis; Aeschbacher, Michael; Salhi, Elisabeth; Canonica, Silvio; von Gunten, Urs; Sander, MichaelEnvironmental Science & Technology (2013), 47 (19), 11147-11156CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)In water treatment dissolved org. matter (DOM) is typically the major sink for chem. oxidants. The resulting changes in DOM, such as its optical properties have been measured to follow the oxidn. processes. However, such measurements contain only limited information on the changes in the oxidn. states of and the reactive moieties in the DOM. We used mediated electrochem. oxidn. to quantify changes in the electron donating capacities (EDCs), and hence the redox states, of 3 different types of DOM during oxidn. with ClO2, Cl (as HOCl/OCl-), and O3. Treatment with ClO2 and HOCl resulted in comparable and prominent decreases in EDCs, while the UV light absorbances of the DOM decreased only slightly. Conversely, ozonization resulted in only small decreases of the EDCs but pronounced absorbance losses of the DOM. These results suggest that ClO2 and HOCl primarily reacted as oxidants by accepting electrons from electron-rich phenolic and hydroquinone moieties in the DOM, while O3 reacted via electrophilic addn. to arom. moieties, followed by ring cleavage. This study highlights the potential of combined EDC-UV measurements to monitor chem. oxidn. of DOM, to assess the nature of the reactive moieties and to study the underlying reaction pathways.
15温克,J.;埃施巴赫,M.;萨利希,E.;卡诺尼卡,S.;von Gunten,美国;Sander, M.二氧化氯、氯和臭氧对溶解有机物的化学氧化:对其光学和抗氧化性能的影响。环境。Sci. Technol.2013, 47 (19), 11147– 11156, DOI: 10.1021/es402516b - 16Remucal, C. K.; Salhi, E.; Walpen, N.; von Gunten, U. Molecular-level transformation of dissolved organic matter during oxidation by ozone and hydroxyl radical. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (16), 10351– 10360, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03052Google Scholar Google 学术搜索16https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhsVegt7zE&md5=f98f8139a31c6facb1fd377748fb2c28Molecular-level transformation of dissolved organic matter during oxidation by ozone and hydroxyl radicalRemucal, Christina K.; Salhi, Elisabeth; Walpen, Nicolas; von Gunten, UrsEnvironmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (16), 10351-10360CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)Ozonation of drinking and wastewater relies on ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) as oxidants. Both oxidants react with dissolved org. matter (DOM) and alter its compn., but the selectivity of the two oxidants and mechanisms of reactivity with DOM moieties are largely unknown. The reactions of O3 and •OH with two DOM isolates were studied by varying specific ozone doses (0.1-1.3 mg-O3/mg-C) at pH 7. Addnl., conditions that favor O3 (i.e., addn. of an •OH scavenger) or •OH (i.e., pH 11) were investigated. Ozonation decreases aromaticity, apparent mol. wt., and electron donating capacity (EDC) of DOM with large changes obsd. when O3 is the main oxidant (e.g., EDC decreases 63-77% for 1.3 mg-O3/mg-C). Both O3 and •OH react with highly arom., reduced formulas detected using high-resoln. mass spectrometry (O:C = 0.48 ± 0.12; H:C = 1.06 ± 0.23), while •OH also oxidizes more satd. formulas (H:C = 1.64 ± 0.26). Established reactions between model compds. and O3 (e.g., addn. of one to two oxygen atoms) or •OH (e.g., addn. of one oxygen atom and decarboxylation) are obsd. and produce highly oxidized DOM (O:C > 1.0). This study provides mol.-level evidence for the selectivity of O3 as an oxidant within DOM.
16雷穆卡尔,C.K.;萨利希,E.;沃尔彭,N.;von Gunten,U.臭氧和羟基自由基氧化过程中溶解有机物的分子水平转化。环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (16), 10351– 10360, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03052 - 17Camel, V.; Bermond, A. The use of ozone and associated oxidation processes in drinking water treatment. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top1998, 32 (11), 3208– 3222, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00130-4Google Scholar Google 学术搜索17https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1cXmslaqtrs%253D&md5=cd3b8501013d0719470cdc43fa41fb5fThe use of ozone and associated oxidation processes in drinking water treatmentCamel, V.; Bermond, A.Water Research (1998), 32 (11), 3208-3222CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)A review, with many refs., summarizes the main applications of ozonization and assocd. oxidn. processes in the treatment of surface water and groundwater for drinking water prodn. Oxidants may be added at several points throughout the treatment: pre-oxidn., intermediate oxidn. or final disinfection. So, the numerous effects of chem. oxidn. are discussed along the water treatment: removal of inorg. species, aid to the coagulation-flocculation process, degrdn. of org. matter and disinfection. Of prime importance in potable water prodn. is the removal of org. matter (natural humic substances, as well as micropollutants, esp. pesticides) to avoid degrdn. of the distributed water (mainly bad odors and tastes; formation of disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes; microbial regrowth in the distribution system). Consequently, this point has been particularly detailed. Complete mineralization hardly occurs during the process; as a consequence, further treatment (i.e. sand or granular activated C filtration) is required to improve the distributed water quality, and to meet the drinking water regulations.
17骆驼,V.;Bermond, A.臭氧和相关氧化过程在饮用水处理中的应用。水研究 1998, 32 (11), 3208– 3222, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00130-4
- 18Headley, J. V.; Kumar, P.; Dalai, A.; Peru, K. M.; Bailey, J.; McMartin, D. W.; Rowland, S. M.; Rodgers, R. P.; Marshall, A. G. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry characterization of treated Athabasca oil sands processed waters. Energy FuelsIF 5.3SCIEJCI 0.66Q1工程技术3区2015, 29 (5), 2768– 2773, DOI: 10.1021/ef502007bGoogle Scholar Google 学术搜索18https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhvVygsrjP&md5=a886900067d550434bde1829101028b1Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Treated Athabasca Oil Sands Processed WatersHeadley, John V.; Kumar, Pardeep; Dalai, Ajay; Peru, Kerry M.; Bailey, Jon; McMartin, Dena W.; Rowland, Steven M.; Rodgers, Ryan P.; Marshall, Alan G.Energy & Fuels (2015), 29 (5), 2768-2773CODEN: ENFUEM; ISSN:0887-0624. (American Chemical Society)Ultrahigh-resoln. neg.-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize Athabasca oil sands processed water (OSPW) treated by (A) coagulation flocculent with lime and bentonite, (B) coagulation flocculent with lime and bentonite followed by activated carbon, and (C) combined ozonation and ultrasonication. Treatment A was ineffective in reducing the level of total naphthenic acid fraction components [NAFCs, defined as the acid-extractable fraction of OSPWs or crude oils (CnH2n + zOwSxNy), where the values n, w, x, and y indicate the no. of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms, resp., and z represents the hydrogen atom deficiency because of the presence of double bonds and ring formation]. Likewise, for treatment A, little or no change was obsd. for the double bond equiv. (DBE) distributions of the compd. classes. Treatments B and C resulted in the redn. of total NAFCs by 26 ± 1.4 and 89 ± 1.1%, resp. For the latter treatments, there was evidence for selective removal of the S and OxSy heteroat. species at the mol. level, along with a redn. in the DBE values for all species.
18海德利,J.V.;库马尔,P.;达赖,A.;秘鲁,K.M.;贝利,J.;麦克马丁,DW;罗兰,SM;罗杰斯,RP;Marshall, A. G.傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱表征处理过的阿萨巴斯卡油砂加工水。能源燃料2015, 29 (5), 2768– 2773, DOI: 10.1021/ef502007b - 19Scholes, R. C.; King, J. F.; Mitch, W. A.; Sedlak, D. L. Transformation of trace organic contaminants from reverse osmosis concentrate by open-water unit-process wetlands with and without ozone pretreatment. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (24), 16176– 16185, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04406Google Scholar Google 学术搜索19https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXisVGhu7bF&md5=306159352fefb5abcfcb2b1a97410294Transformation of trace organic contaminants from reverse osmosis concentrate by open-water unit-process wetlands with and without ozone pretreatmentScholes, Rachel C.; King, Jacob F.; Mitch, William A.; Sedlak, David L.Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (24), 16176-16185CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)Reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of municipal wastewater effluent is becoming more common as water reuse is implemented in water-stressed regions. Where RO conc. is discharged with limited diln., concns. of trace org. contaminants could pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. To provide a low-cost option for removing trace org. compds. from RO conc., a pilot-scale treatment system comprising open-water unit-process wetlands with and without ozone pretreatment was studied over a 2-yr period. A suite of ecotoxicol. relevant org. contaminants was partially removed via photo- and bio-transformations, including β-adrenergic blockers, antivirals, antibiotics, and pesticides. Biotransformation rates were as fast as or up to approx. 50% faster than model predictions based upon data from open-water wetlands that treated municipal wastewater effluent. Phototransformation rates were comparable to or as much as 60% slower than those predicted by models that accounted for light penetration and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Several compds. were transformed during ozone pretreatment that were poorly removed in the open-water wetland. The combined treatment system resulted in a decrease in the risk quotients of trace org. contaminants in the RO conc., but still diln. may be required to protect sensitive species from urban-use pesticides with low environmental effect concns.
19斯科尔斯,R.C.;金,J.F.;米奇,WA;Sedlak, D. L.通过开放水域单元工艺湿地在有和没有臭氧预处理的情况下转化反渗透浓缩物中的痕量有机污染物。环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (24), 16176– 16185, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04406 - 20Hubner, U.; von Gunten, U.; Jekel, M. Evaluation of the persistence of transformation products from ozonation of trace organic compounds: A critical review. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2015, 68, 150– 170, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.051Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
20Hubner,美国;von Gunten,美国;Jekel, M.微量有机化合物臭氧转化产物的持久性评估:批判性综述。水研究 2015, 68, 150– 170, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.051 - 21Papageorgiou, A.; Voutsa, D.; Papadakis, N. Occurrence and fate of ozonation by-products at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Sci. Total Environ.IF 9.8SCIEJCI 1.68Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2014, 481, 392– 400, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.069Google Scholar Google 学术搜索21https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXmtVWlu70%253D&md5=cc25f743eb20af754605612b81b94ea0Occurrence and fate of ozonation by-products at a full-scale drinking water treatment plantPapageorgiou, A.; Voutsa, D.; Papadakis, N.Science of the Total Environment (2014), 481 (), 392-400CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)Occurrence and fate of carbonyl compds. as ozonation byproducts at a full scale drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) were studied for 1 yr. Raw water and post-treatment samples (pre-ozonation, coagulation/flocculation, sand filtration, main ozonation, granular activated C filtration, chlorination) were collected monthly. Pre-ozonation formed carbonyl compds. at 67.3 ± 43.3 μg/L as the sum of 14 carbonyl compds.; lower concns. were detd. following the main ozonation process, 32.8 ± 22.3 μg/L. Dominant compds. were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and Me glyoxal, contributing 65% of total carbonyl content. Dissolved org. C reactivity for carbonyl compd. formation varied throughout the year, exhibiting higher values in spring. Coagulation/flocculation and sand filtration significantly removed (64-80%) carbonyl compds. formed in the pre-ozonation step. Granular activated C filtration removal efficiency exhibited great variation, 15-62%. Carbonyl compd. concns. in finished water were low, close to detection limits, showed the efficiency of DWTP in removing this class of ozonation byproducts.
21帕帕乔吉乌,A.;武察,D.;Papadakis,N.全尺寸饮用水处理厂臭氧化副产物的发生和归宿。Sci. Total Environ.2014, 481, 392– 400, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.069 - 22Sun, W.; Lu, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Shi, B.; Wang, H. Ozone and fenton oxidation affected the bacterial community and opportunistic pathogens in biofilms and effluents from GAC. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 218, 118495, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118495Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
22日,W.;卢,Z.;张志强;张勇;石,B.;Wang、H.Ozone和Fenton氧化影响了GAC生物膜和废水中的细菌群落和机会性病原体。水研究 2022, 218, 118495, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118495 - 23Ratzke, C.; Barrere, J.; Gore, J. Strength of species interactions determines biodiversity and stability in microbial communities. Nat. Ecol. Evol.IF 16.8SCIEJCI 3.93Q1生物学1区Top2020, 4, 376– 383, DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1099-4Google Scholar Google 学术搜索23https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BB387gsFWqtA%253D%253D&md5=1300026b85935909ddb38ad2b9172093Strength of species interactions determines biodiversity and stability in microbial communitiesRatzke Christoph; Barrere Julien; Gore Jeff; Barrere JulienNature ecology & evolution (2020), 4 (3), 376-383 ISSN:.Organisms-especially microbes-tend to live together in ecosystems. While some of these ecosystems are very biodiverse, others are not, and while some are very stable over time, others undergo strong temporal fluctuations. Despite a long history of research and a plethora of data, it is not fully understood what determines the biodiversity and stability of ecosystems. Theory and experiments suggest a connection between species interaction, biodiversity and the stability of ecosystems, where an increase in ecosystem stability with biodiversity could be observed in several cases. However, what causes these connections remains unclear. Here, we show in microbial ecosystems in the laboratory that the concentrations of available nutrients can set the strength of interactions between bacteria. High nutrient concentrations allowed the bacteria to strongly alter the chemical environment, causing on average more negative interactions between species. These stronger interactions excluded more species from the community, resulting in a loss of biodiversity. At the same time, the stronger interactions also decreased the stability of the microbial communities, providing a mechanistic link between species interaction, biodiversity and stability in microbial ecosystems.
23拉茨克,C.;巴雷尔,J.;Gore, J.物种相互作用的强度决定了微生物群落的生物多样性和稳定性。Nat. Ecol. Evol.2020, 4, 376– 383, DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1099-4 - 24Desmond, P.; Best, J. P.; Morgenroth, E.; Derlon, N. Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 132, 211– 221, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.058Google Scholar Google 学术搜索24https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXntlGntg%253D%253D&md5=8ad69e3d237d15096e8844ad9229fcc5Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilmsDesmond, Peter; Best, James P.; Morgenroth, Eberhard; Derlon, NicolasWater Research (2018), 132 (), 211-221CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale phys. structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70mbar). Biofilm EPS compn. (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomog. (OCT). Biofilm compn. was analyzed with respect to total org. carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concns. of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterize the functional group compn. and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. Our study reveals that the compn. of the EPS matrix can det. the meso-scale phys. structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous phys. structures with high concns. of polysaccharides and eDNA. Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous phys. structures with lower concns. of polysaccharides and eDNA. For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concns. This study links EPS compn., phys. structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration.
24德斯蒙德,P.;最佳,J.P.;摩根罗斯,E.;Derlon, N.将细胞外聚合物物质(EPS)的组成与膜生物膜的物理结构和水力阻力联系起来。水研究 2018, 132, 211– 221, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.058 - 25Desmond, P.; Morgenroth, E.; Derlon, N. Physical structure determines compression of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) ultrafiltration. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 143, 539– 549, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.008Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
25德斯蒙德,P.;摩根罗斯,E.;Derlon, N.物理结构决定了重力驱动膜 (GDM) 超滤过程中膜生物膜的压缩。水研究 2018, 143, 539– 549, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.008 - 26Zhang, L.; Graham, N.; Derlon, N.; Tang, Y.; Siddique, M. S.; Xu, L.; Yu, W. Biofouling by ultra-low pressure filtration of surface water: The paramount role of initial available biopolymers. J. Membr. Sci.IF 9.5SCIEJCI 1.85Q1工程技术1区Top2021, 640, 119740, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119740Google Scholar Google 学术搜索26https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3MXhvFCrt77O&md5=3e8eab80565dce0b9576d35cd0537559Biofouling by ultra-low pressure filtration of surface water: The paramount role of initial available biopolymersZhang, Li; Graham, Nigel; Derlon, Nicolas; Tang, Youneng; Siddique, Muhammad Saboor; Xu, Lei; Yu, WenzhengJournal of Membrane Science (2021), 640 (), 119740CODEN: JMESDO; ISSN:0376-7388. (Elsevier B.V.)Biofouling layer (i.e., biofilm) is an inevitable presence for the membrane filtration processes. In this study, we elucidated biofouling formation from the perspective of affecting the attachment of bacteria for the first time, whereby the role of initial available biopolymers was revealed. Results demonstrated that the presence of initial available biopolymers increased the abundance of the genus Caulobacter, which was capable of mineralizing biopolymers; whereas, for the typically oligotrophic species of Polynucleobacter, it exhibited low abundance. Greater concns. of polysaccharides and proteins were accumulated in the biofouling layer, when provided with initial biopolymers, and the biofilm structure was more heterogeneous with larger pore size and higher thickness. Thereby, the corresponding filtration system exhibited greater permeability and better removal performance of orgs. Collectively, the initial available biopolymers altered the attachment conditions for the bacteria, which subsequently impacted the bacterial community, and in turn biofilm compn., phys. structure and filtration performance.
26张,L.;格雷厄姆,N.;德隆,N.;唐彦;西迪克,MS;徐,L.;Yu, W.通过地表水的超低压过滤进行生物污染:初始可用生物聚合物的首要作用。J.门布尔。Sci.2021, 640, 119740, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119740 - 27Tanentzap, A. J.; Fitch, A.; Orland, C.; Emilson, E. J. S.; Yakimovich, K. M.; Osterholz, H.; Dittmar, T. Chemical and microbial diversity covary in fresh water to influence ecosystem functioning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.IF 11.1SCIEJCI 2.52Q1综合性期刊1区Top2019, 116 (49), 24689– 24695, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904896116Google Scholar Google 学术搜索27https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXitlejsLrM&md5=32a8b202a055c153ca8e479212707fd9Chemical and microbial diversity covary in fresh water to influence ecosystem functioningTanentzap, Andrew J.; Fitch, Amelia; Orland, Chloe; Emilson, Erik J. S.; Yakimovich, Kurt M.; Osterholz, Helena; Dittmar, ThorstenProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2019), 116 (49), 24689-24695CODEN: PNASA6; ISSN:0027-8424. (National Academy of Sciences)Invisible to the naked eye lies a tremendous diversity of org. mols. and organisms that make major contributions to important biogeochem. cycles. However, how the diversity and compn. of these two communities are interlinked remains poorly characterized in fresh waters, despite the potential for chem. and microbial diversity to promote one another. Here we exploited gradients in chemodiversity within a common microbial pool to test how chem. and biol. diversity covary and characterized the implications for ecosystem functioning. We found that both chemodiversity and genes assocd. with org. matter decompn. increased as more plant litterfall accumulated in exptl. lake sediments, consistent with scenarios of future environmental change. Chem. and microbial diversity were also pos. correlated, with dissolved org. matter having stronger effects on microbes than vice versa. Under our exptl. scenarios that increased sediment org. matter from 5 to 25% or darkened overlying waters by 2.5 times, the resulting increases in chemodiversity could increase greenhouse gas concns. in lake sediments by an av. of 1.5 to 2.7 times, when all of the other effects of litterfall and water color were considered. Our results open a major new avenue for research in aquatic ecosystems by exposing connections between chem. and microbial diversity and their implications for the global carbon cycle in greater detail than ever before.
27Tanentzap,AJ;惠誉,A.;奥兰,C.;埃米尔森,EJ S.;亚基莫维奇,KM;奥斯特霍尔茨,H.;Dittmar, T.淡水中的化学和微生物多样性协同变化影响生态系统功能。美国科学院院刊 2019, 116 (49), 24689– 24695, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904896116 - 28Judd, K. E.; Crump, B. C.; Kling, G. W. Variation in dissolved organic matter controls bacterial production and community composition. EcologyIF 4.8SCIEJCI 1.3Q1环境科学与生态学2区Top2006, 87 (8), 2068– 2079, DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87
[2068:VIDOMC]2.0.CO;2
Google Scholar Google 学术搜索28https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD28rhtl2gsg%253D%253D&md5=40a3ee97588aeb824b803be4f9437133Variation in dissolved organic matter controls bacterial production and community compositionJudd Kristin E; Crump Byron C; Kling George WEcology (2006), 87 (8), 2068-79 ISSN:0012-9658.An ongoing debate in ecology revolves around how species composition and ecosystem function are related. To address the mechanistic controls of this relationship, we manipulated the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fed to aquatic bacteria to determine effects on both bacterial activity and community composition. Sites along terrestrial to aquatic flow paths were chosen to simulate movement of DOM through catchments, and DOM was fed to downslope and control bacterial communities. Bacterial production was measured, and DOM chemistry and bacterial community composition (using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes) were characterized following incubations. Bacterial production, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-specific bacterial production, and DOC consumption were greatest in mesocosms fed soil water DOM; soil water DOM enhanced lake and stream bacterial production by 320-670% relative to lake and stream controls. Stream DOM added to lake bacteria depressed bacterial production relative to lake controls in the early season (-78%) but not the mid-season experiment. Addition of upslope DOM to stream and lake bacterial communities resulted in significant changes in bacterial community composition relative to controls. In four of five DOM treatments, the bacterial community composition converged to the DOM source community regardless of the initial inoculum. These results demonstrate that shifts in the supply of natural DOM were followed by changes in both bacterial production and community composition, suggesting that changes in function are likely predicated on at least an initial change in the community composition. The results indicate that variation in DOM composition of soil and surface waters influences bacterial community dynamics and controls rates of carbon processing in set patterns across the landscape.
28贾德,K.E.;克伦普,不列颠哥伦比亚省;Kling, G. W.溶解有机物的变化控制细菌的产生和群落组成。生态学2006, 87 (8), 2068– 2079, DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87
[2068:VIDOMC]2.0.CO;2
- 29Logue, J. B.; Stedmon, C. A.; Kellerman, A. M.; Nielsen, N. J.; Andersson, A. F.; Laudon, H.; Lindstrom, E. S.; Kritzberg, E. S. Experimental insights into the importance of aquatic bacterial community composition to the degradation of dissolved organic matter. ISME J.IF 11.0SCIEJCI 2.59Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2016, 10 (3), 533– 545, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.131Google Scholar Google 学术搜索29https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XjtFKrsb0%253D&md5=6b5000920df98fcaea68d8158f5886a7Experimental insights into the importance of aquatic bacterial community composition to the degradation of dissolved organic matterLogue, Jurg B.; Stedmon, Colin A.; Kellerman, Anne M.; Nielsen, Nikoline J.; Andersson, Anders F.; Laudon, Hjalmar; Lindstroem, Eva S.; Kritzberg, Emma S.ISME Journal (2016), 10 (3), 533-545CODEN: IJSOCF; ISSN:1751-7362. (Nature Publishing Group)Bacteria play a central role in the cycling of carbon, yet our understanding of the relationship between the taxonomic compn. and the degrdn. of dissolved org. matter (DOM) is still poor. In this exptl. study, we were able to demonstrate a direct link between community compn. and ecosystem functioning in that differently structured aquatic bacterial communities differed in their degrdn. of terrestrially derived DOM. Although the same amt. of carbon was processed, both the temporal pattern of degrdn. and the compds. degraded differed among communities. We, moreover, uncovered that low-mol.-wt. carbon was available to all communities for utilization, whereas the ability to degrade carbon of greater mol. wt. was a trait less widely distributed. Finally, whereas the degrdn. of either low- or high-mol.-wt. carbon was not restricted to a single phylogenetic clade, our results illustrate that bacterial taxa of similar phylogenetic classification differed substantially in their assocn. with the degrdn. of DOM compds. Applying techniques that capture the diversity and complexity of both bacterial communities and DOM, our study provides new insight into how the structure of bacterial communities may affect processes of biogeochem. significance.
29洛格,J.B.;斯特德蒙,CA;凯勒曼,AM;尼尔森,新泽西州;安德森,AF;劳登,H.;林德斯特罗姆,ES;Kritzberg, E. S.对水生细菌群落组成对溶解有机物降解的重要性的实验见解。ISME J.2016, 10 (3), 533– 545, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.131 - 30Kujawinski, E. B. The impact of microbial metabolism on marine dissolved organic matter. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.IF 17.3SCIEJCI 2.47Q1地球科学1区Top2011, 3, 567– 599, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081003Google Scholar Google 学术搜索30https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC3M3gtlKrtQ%253D%253D&md5=f7bd65b5ad6db4014b202d175dcb6f89The impact of microbial metabolism on marine dissolved organic matterKujawinski Elizabeth BAnnual review of marine science (2011), 3 (), 567-99 ISSN:1941-1405.Microbes mediate global biogeochemical cycles through their metabolism, and all metabolic processes begin with the interaction between the microbial cell wall or membrane and the external environment. For all heterotrophs and many autotrophs, critical growth substrates and factors are present within the dilute and heterogeneous mixture of compounds that constitutes dissolved organic matter (DOM). In short, the microbe-molecule interaction is one of the fundamental reactions within the global carbon cycle. Here, I summarize recent findings from studies that examine DOM-microbe interactions from either the DOM perspective (organic geochemistry) or the microbe perspective (microbial ecology). Gaps in our knowledge are highlighted and future integrative research directions are proposed.
30Kujawinski, E. B.微生物代谢对海洋溶解有机物的影响。年。Rev. Mar. Sci.2011, 3, 567– 599, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081003 - 31Osterholz, H.; Singer, G.; Wemheuer, B.; Daniel, R.; Simon, M.; Niggemann, J.; Dittmar, T. Deciphering associations between dissolved organic molecules and bacterial communities in a pelagic marine system. ISME J.IF 11.0SCIEJCI 2.59Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2016, 10 (7), 1717– 1730, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.231Google Scholar Google 学术搜索31https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhtVahu7fN&md5=253c21d9b747758f1b6733dd9f721a3eDeciphering associations between dissolved organic molecules and bacterial communities in a pelagic marine systemOsterholz, Helena; Singer, Gabriel; Wemheuer, Bernd; Daniel, Rolf; Simon, Meinhard; Niggemann, Jutta; Dittmar, ThorstenISME Journal (2016), 10 (7), 1717-1730CODEN: IJSOCF; ISSN:1751-7362. (Nature Publishing Group)Dissolved org. matter (DOM) is the main substrate and energy source for heterotrophic bacterioplankton. To understand the interactions between DOM and the bacterial community (BC), it is important to identify the key factors on both sides in detail, chem. distinct moieties in DOM and the various bacterial taxa. Next-generation sequencing facilitates the classification of millions of reads of environmental DNA and RNA amplicons and ultrahigh-resoln. mass spectrometry yields up to 10 000 DOM mol. formulas in a marine water sample. Linking this detailed biol. and chem. information is a crucial first step toward a mechanistic understanding of the role of microorganisms in the marine carbon cycle. In this study, we interpreted the complex microbiol. and mol. information via a novel combination of multivariate statistics. We were able to reveal distinct relationships between the key factors of org. matter cycling along a latitudinal transect across the North Sea. Total BC and DOM compn. were mainly driven by mixing of distinct water masses and presumably retain their resp. terrigenous imprint on similar timescales on their way through the North Sea. The active microbial community, however, was rather influenced by local events and correlated with specific DOM mol. formulas indicative of compds. that are easily degradable. These trends were most pronounced on the highest resolved level, i.e., operationally defined 'species', reflecting the functional diversity of microorganisms at high taxonomic resoln. Sequence data were deposited inthe Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnol. Information (NCBI) under the accession no. SRA082674.
31奥斯特霍尔茨,H.;歌手,G.;Wemheuer,B.;丹尼尔,R.;西蒙,M.;尼格曼,J.;Dittmar, T.破译中上层海洋系统中溶解有机分子与细菌群落之间的关联。ISME J.2016, 10 (7), 1717– 1730, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.231 - 32Bader, H. Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method: A submitted standard method. Ozone: Sci. Eng.IF 2.7SCIEJCI 0.32Q3环境科学与生态学4区1982, 4 (4), 169– 176, DOI: 10.1080/01919518208550955Google Scholar Google 学术搜索32https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaL3sXksVeitLg%253D&md5=f077fd7064dc297741a9c0c09f725531Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method; a submitted standard methodBader, H.; Hoigne, J.Ozone: Science & Engineering (1982), 4 (4), 169-76CODEN: OZSEDS; ISSN:0191-9512.A selective and simple method for the detn. of O3, as formulated for the new Swiss Std. Methods for drinking water anal., is presented. O3 rapidly and stoichiometrically decolorizes tri-K indigo trisulfonate [67627-18-3] in acidic soln. The decrease in absorbance at 600 nm is linear with O3 residual and is 0.42 ± 0.01/cm per mg/L. The limits of detection are 2 μg μg/L for an instrumental and 10 mg/L for a visual field method.
32Bader, H.用靛蓝法测定水中的臭氧:提交的标准方法。臭氧: Sci. Eng.1982, 4 (4), 169– 176, DOI: 10.1080/01919518208550955 - 33Dittmar, T.; Koch, B.; Hertkorn, N.; Kattner, G. A simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr.: MethodsIF 2.7SCIEJCI 0.84Q2地球科学3区2008, 6, 230– 235, DOI: 10.4319/lom.2008.6.230Google Scholar Google 学术搜索33https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhtlOnt7jI&md5=3f114d54f73464b3c5dc217c5fd7790eA simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawaterDittmar, Thorsten; Koch, Boris; Hertkorn, Norbert; Kattner, GerhardLimnology and Oceanography: Methods (2008), 6 (June), 230-235CODEN: LOMIBY; ISSN:1541-5856. (American Society of Limnology and Oceanography)A simple protocol is presented for the solid-phase extn. of dissolved org. matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater using com. prepacked cartridges. The method does not require major instrumentation and can be performed in the field. Modified styrene divinyl benzene polymer type sorbents (Varian PPL and ENV) and sorbents of a silica structure bonded with different hydrocarbon chains (Varian C8, C18, C18OH, and C18EWP) were considered. Except for C18OH, which heavily contaminated the samples, none of the sorbents leached significant amts. of dissolved org. carbon (DOC) or nitrogen (DON). Samples from the North Brazil shelf with strong mixing gradients of terrigenous and marine DOM were used to compare the various sorbents. PPL was the most efficient-on av., 62% of DOC was recovered as salt-free exts. C18 was found to be most efficient among the silica-based sorbents, but it showed only two-thirds of the extn. efficiency of PPL. As indicated by [1H]NMR, C/N, and δ13C analyses, PPL extd. a more representative proportion of DOM than C18. Therefore, PPL was used for comparative studies in the Gulf of Mexico and Antarctica. From brackish marsh and river waters, 65% and 62% of total DOC, resp., could be extd. For purely marine DOM in Antarctica and the deep sea, the extn. efficiency was lower (43% on av.). The efficiency of the new method to isolate marine DOM is better than or similar to highly laborious methods. A further advantage is the complete desalination of the sample. The isolation of a major DOM fraction, which is salt-free, offers many possibilities to further characterize DOM by advanced anal. techniques.
33迪特玛,T.;科赫,B.;牧谷物,N.;Kattner, G.一种简单有效的海水中溶解有机物固相萃取方法(SPE-DOM)。利姆诺尔。Oceanogr.: 方法2008, 6, 230– 235, DOI: 10.4319/lom.2008.6.230 - 34Li, F.; Tang, S.; Lv, J.; He, A.; Wang, Y.; Liu, S.; Cao, H.; Zhao, L.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, G. Molecular-scale investigation on the formation of brown carbon aerosol via iron-phenolic compound reactions in the dark. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2023, 57 (30), 11173– 11184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04263Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
34李,F.;唐,S.;吕J.;他,A.;王彦;刘,S.;曹浩;赵玲玲;王彦;江, G.黑暗中铁酚化合物反应形成褐碳气溶胶的分子尺度研究.环境。科学技术.2023, 57 (30), 11173– 11184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04263 - 35Zherebker, A.; Shirshin, E.; Rubekina, A.; Kharybin, O.; Kononikhin, A.; Kulikova, N. A.; Zaitsev, K. V.; Roznyatovsky, V. A.; Grishin, Y. K.; Perminova, I. V.; Nikolaev, E. N. Optical properties of soil dissolved organic matter are related to acidic functions of its components as revealed by fractionation, selective deuteromethylation, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (5), 2667– 2677, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05298Google Scholar Google 学术搜索35https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXislartb0%253D&md5=b4eb098cd023482ec11f33b75fd25fa6Optical Properties of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter Are Related to Acidic Functions of Its Components as Revealed by Fractionation, Selective Deuteromethylation, and Ultrahigh Resolution Mass SpectrometryZherebker, Alexander; Shirshin, Evgeny; Rubekina, Anna; Kharybin, Oleg; Kononikhin, Alexey; Kulikova, Natalia A.; Zaitsev, Kirill V.; Roznyatovsky, Vitaliy A.; Grishin, Yuri K.; Perminova, Irina V.; Nikolaev, Evgeny N.Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (5), 2667-2677CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)The goal of this study was to establish a relationship between the optical properties of soil dissolved org. matter (DOM) and acidic functions carried out by its individual constituents. We obtained 12 fractions of DOM samples using sequential solid phase extn. on nonionic sorbent at steadily lowered pH values: 7, 5, 3, 2, which correspond to low bounds of pKa values of phenols, aliph., and arom. carboxylic acids, and ketoacids. The structural studies were conducted with the use of NMR and selective deuteromethylation of isolated fractions coupled to ultrahigh resoln. mass spectrometry. First, a gradual shift of mol. compns. was obsd. from reduced components to arom. oxidized compds. isolated at pH 7 and 2, resp. Changes in mol. compns. were accompanied by a red shift of fluorescence spectra. Further application of deuteromethylation enabled us to distinguish DOM constituents with different amts. of carboxylic groups. Moreover, identification of structural isomers in a single DOM sample was achieved. Statistical anal. revealed that red shift of fluorescence is facilitated by the increase of a contribution of arom. poly(carboxylic acid)s with high conjugation lengths. Addnl., anal. of the labeled fractionated permafrost thaw DOM directly showed carboxyl-rich alicyclic mols., while the same components from lower-latitude DOM were assigned to lignin-like species.
35泽列布克,A.;希尔辛,E.;鲁贝金娜,A.;哈里宾,O.;科诺尼欣,A.;库利科娃,N.A.;扎伊采夫,K.V.;罗兹尼亚托夫斯基,V.A.;格里申,Y.K.;佩尔米诺娃,I.V.;Nikolaev, E. N.土壤溶解有机物的光学特性与其组分的酸性功能有关,如分馏、选择性去甲基化和超高分辨率质谱法所揭示的那样。环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (5), 2667– 2677, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05298 - 36Lv, J. T.; Zhang, S. Z.; Wang, S. S.; Luo, L.; Cao, D.; Christie, P. Molecular-scale investigation with ESI-FT-ICR-MS on fractionation of dissolved organic matter induced by adsorption on iron oxyhydroxides. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2016, 50 (5), 2328– 2336, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04996Google Scholar Google 学术搜索36https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVymsrg%253D&md5=41055937d3e93d140dfa0e258cbd8fa5Molecular-Scale Investigation with ESI-FT-ICR-MS on Fractionation of Dissolved Organic Matter Induced by Adsorption on Iron OxyhydroxidesLv, Jitao; Zhang, Shuzhen; Wang, Songshan; Luo, Lei; Cao, Dong; Christie, PeterEnvironmental Science & Technology (2016), 50 (5), 2328-2336CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)Adsorption by minerals is a common geochem. process of dissolved org. matter (DOM) which may induce fractionation of DOM at the mineral-water interface. We examine the mol. fractionation of DOM induced by adsorption onto 3 common iron oxyhydroxides using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). Ferrihydrite exhibited higher affinity to DOM and induced more pronounced mol. fractionation of DOM than did goethite or lepidocrocite. High mol. wt. (>500 Da) compds. and compds. high in unsatn. or rich in O including polycyclic aroms., polyphenols and carboxylic compds. had higher affinity to Fe oxyhydroxides and esp. to ferrihydrite. Low mol. wt. compds. and compds. low in unsatn. or contg. few oxygenated groups (mainly alcs. and ethers) were preferentially maintained in soln. This study confirms that the double bond equivalence and the no. of O atoms are valuable parameters indicating the selective fractionation of DOM at mineral and water interfaces. The results provide important information for further understanding the behavior of DOM in the natural environment.
36Lv,J.T.;张S.Z.;王淑娟;罗玖;曹,D.;Christie, P.使用ESI-FT-ICR-MS进行分子尺度研究,研究吸附在氢氧化铁上诱导的溶解有机物的分馏。环境。科学技术.2016, 50 (5), 2328– 2336, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04996 - 37Yu, S.; Lv, J.; Jiang, L.; Geng, P.; Cao, D.; Wang, Y. Changes of soil dissolved organic matter and its relationship with microbial community along the Hailuogou Glacier forefield chronosequence. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2023, 57 (9), 4027– 4038, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08855Google Scholar Google 学术搜索37https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3sXjsF2ku70%253D&md5=2027aea4128a32032070ee402ce859cdChanges of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Relationship with Microbial Community along the Hailuogou Glacier Forefield ChronosequenceYu, Shiyang; Lv, Jitao; Jiang, Lu; Geng, Pengyu; Cao, Dong; Wang, YaweiEnvironmental Science & Technology (2023), 57 (9), 4027-4038CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:1520-5851. (American Chemical Society)Glacier-retreated areas are ideal areas to study soil biogeochem. processes during vegetation succession, because of the limited effect of other environmental and climatic factors. In this study, the changes of soil dissolved org. matter (DOM) and its relationship with microbial communities along the Hailuogou Glacier forefield chronosequence were investigated. Both microbial diversity and DOM mol. chemodiversity recovered rapidly at the initial stage, indicating the pioneering role of microorganisms in soil formation and development. The chem. stability of soil org. matter enhanced with vegetation succession due to the retaining of compds. with high oxidn. state and aromaticity. The mol. compn. of DOM affected microbial communities, while microorganisms tended to utilize labile components to form refractory components. This complex relationship network between microorganisms and DOM components played an important role in the development of soil org. matter as well as the formation of stable soil carbon pool in glacier-retreated areas.
37余,S.;吕J.;江,L.;耿,P.;曹,D.;Wang, Y.海螺沟冰川前场年代序列土壤溶解有机质变化及其与微生物群落的关系.环境。科学技术.2023, 57 (9), 4027– 4038, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08855 - 38Lv, J.; Miao, Y.; Huang, Z.; Han, R.; Zhang, S. Facet-mediated adsorption and molecular fractionation of humic substances on hematite surfaces. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 52 (20), 11660– 11669, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03940Google Scholar Google 学术搜索38https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhslantbzF&md5=a7f01e37d9f34127ca60d39cdd847990Facet-Mediated Adsorption and Molecular Fractionation of Humic Substances on Hematite SurfacesLv, Jitao; Miao, Yuexia; Huang, Zaoquan; Han, Ruixia; Zhang, ShuzhenEnvironmental Science & Technology (2018), 52 (20), 11660-11669CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)Interactions between dissolved org. matter (DOM) and iron oxyhydroxides have important environmental and geochem. implications. The present study employed two hematite nanocrystals to investigate the adsorption and mol. fractionation of two typical humic substances (HSs) using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). Hematite with a predominant exposure of {100} facets induced more pronounced adsorption and mol. fractionation of HSs than {001} facets, indicating that the interfacial adsorptive fractionation process of HSs was mediated by exposed facets of hematite. Further exploration of the surface OH groups of the two hematite nanocrystals confirms that the facet-mediated mol. fractionation of HSs was attributable to the abundance of singly iron-atom coordinated -OH sites on the hematite surfaces. Mols. with a high oxidn. state and high aromaticity such as oxidized black carbon, polyphenol-like, and tannic-like compds. preferentially formed ligand-exchange complexes with singly coordinated -OH groups on the hematite surfaces, inducing the selective binding and mol. fractionation of HSs at the mineral-water interface. These results demonstrate that singly iron-atom coordinated -OH sites det. DOM adsorption and mediate mol. fractionation on hematite surfaces, and this contributes substantially to our understanding of the mol. mechanisms of iron oxyhydroxide-mediated mol. exchange of DOM in soils and/or sediments.
38Lv,J.;苗,Y.;黄志强;韩,R.;Zhang, S.Facet介导的赤铁矿表面腐殖质物质的吸附和分子分馏.环境。科学技术.2018, 52 (20), 11660– 11669, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03940 - 39Koch, B. P.; Dittmar, T.; Witt, M.; Kattner, G. Fundamentals of molecular formula assignment to ultrahigh resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Anal. Chem.IF 7.4SCIEJCI 1.71Q1化学1区Top2007, 79 (4), 1758– 1763, DOI: 10.1021/ac061949sGoogle Scholar Google 学术搜索39https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXjtVahtg%253D%253D&md5=b296c368a5fbeb290a77e549ec58487bFundamentals of molecular formula assignment to ultrahigh resolution mass data of natural organic matterKoch, Boris P.; Dittmar, Thorsten; Witt, Matthias; Kattner, GerhardAnalytical Chemistry (2007), 79 (4), 1758-1763CODEN: ANCHAM; ISSN:0003-2700. (American Chemical Society)Ultrahigh-resoln. mass spectrometry via the Fourier transform ICR technique (FT-ICR-MS) allows the identification of thousands of different mol. formulas in natural org. matter and petroleum samples. Mol. formula assignment from mass data is most crit. and time-consuming for these samples, and in many cases, several formulas can be detd. for the same mol. mass. Therefore, automated procedures are required for an efficient exploitation of the extensive data sets. Here, the authors revise statements in a recent publication, which might result in a misleading impression about the authors' approach of formula assignment in a previous work. The authors also summarize and categorize existing procedures for formula assignment. The authors propose new techniques, which are suitable to be implemented in automated evaluation software. The homologous series approach is extended toward a building block approach that can be applied as a new exclusion criterion for incorrect formula assignments. The examn. of stable isotope ratios of individual mols. in natural org. matter can be applied as an addnl. and intrinsic evaluation for calcd. mol. formulas.
39科赫,BP;迪特玛,T.;威特,M.;Kattner, G.天然有机物超高分辨率质量数据分子式分配的基础。分析化学.2007, 79 (4), 1758– 1763, DOI: 10.1021/ac061949s - 40Sun, K.; Han, L. F.; Yang, Y.; Xia, X. H.; Yang, Z. F.; Wu, F. C.; Li, F. B.; Feng, Y. F.; Xing, B. S. Application of hydrochar altered soil microbial community composition and the molecular structure of native soil organic carbon in a paddy soil. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (5), 2715– 2725, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05864Google Scholar Google 学术搜索40https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXitFejsrY%253D&md5=a50ee46c2ba85eb40d5b47850626c3f8Application of Hydrochar Altered Soil Microbial Community Composition and the Molecular Structure of Native Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy SoilSun, Ke; Han, Lanfang; Yang, Yan; Xia, Xinghui; Yang, Zhifeng; Wu, Fengchang; Li, Fangbai; Feng, Yanfang; Xing, BaoshanEnvironmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (5), 2715-2725CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)The benefits and disadvantages of hydrochar incorporation into soil have been heavily researched. However, the effect of hydrochar application on the soil microbial communities and the mol. structure of native soil org. carbon (SOC) has not been thoroughly elucidated. This study conducted an incubation expt. at 25°C for 135 days using a soil column with 0.5 and 1.5% hydrochar-amended paddy soil to explore the interconnections between changes in soil properties and microbial communities and shifts in native SOC structure using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) and NMR after hydrochar application. Hydrochar addn. decreased the labile SOC fraction by 15.6-33.6% and increased the stable SOC fraction by 10.3-27.0%. These effects were significantly stronger for 1.5% hydrochar-treated soil. Addnl., hydrochar addn. induced the native SOC with 1.0-3.0% more carbon and 6.0-13.0% higher mol. wt. The SOC in hydrochar-amended soil contained more arom. compds. but fewer carbohydrates and lower polarity. This was resulted by a statistically significant redn. in Sphingobacterium, which was active in polycyclic arom. hydrocarbon degrdn., and an increase in Flavobacterium, Anaerolinea, Penicillium, and Acremonium, which were the efficient decomposers of labile SOC. These findings will help elucidate the potential influence of hydrochar on the carbon biogeochem. cycle in the soil.
40孙,K.;韩,L.F.;杨,Y.;夏旭华;杨志芳;吴,F.C.;李,F.B.;冯永芳;Xing, B. S.水炭改变水稻土壤微生物群落组成及天然土壤有机碳分子结构的应用.环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (5), 2715– 2725, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05864 - 41Koch, B. P.; Dittmar, T. From mass to structure: An aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.IF 2.0SCIEJCI 0.65Q3化学3区2006, 20 (5), 926– 932, DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2386Google Scholar Google 学术搜索41https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XitlGgs74%253D&md5=86bf95387b3e6f752481d4f026cbd184From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matterKoch, B. P.; Dittmar, T.Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (2005), 20 (5), 926-932CODEN: RCMSEF; ISSN:0951-4198. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)Recent progress in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) has provided extensive mol. mass data for complex natural org. matter (NOM). Structural information can be deduced solely from the mol. masses for ions with extreme mol. element ratios, in particular low H/C ratios, which are abundant in thermally altered NOM (e.g. black carbon). In this communication we propose a general aromaticity index (AI) and two threshold values as unequivocal criteria for the existence of either arom. (AI > 0.5) or condensed arom. structures (AI ≥ 0.67) in NOM. AI can be calcd. from mol. formulas which are derived from exact mol. masses of naturally occurring compds. contg. C, H, O, N, S and P, and is esp. useful for substances with arom. cores and few alkylations. In order to test the validity of our model index, AI is applied to FTICRMS data of a NOM deep-water sample from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica), a fulvic acid std., and an artificial dataset of all theor. possible mol. formulas. For graphical evaluation a ternary plot is suggested for four-dimensional data representation. The proposed aromaticity index is a step towards structural identification of NOM and the mol. identification of polyarom. hydrocarbons in the environment.
41科赫,BP;Dittmar, T.从质量到结构:天然有机物高分辨率质量数据的芳香指数。快速通信。质谱.2006, 20 (5), 926– 932, DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2386 - 42Ding, Y.; Shi, Z. Q.; Ye, Q. T.; Liang, Y. Z.; Liu, M. Q.; Dang, Z.; Wang, Y. J.; Liu, C. X. Chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (10), 6174– 6184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01136Google Scholar Google 学术搜索42https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXntl2ku74%253D&md5=753cd5d70afbd947afb7d847cb39bc0aChemodiversity of Soil Dissolved Organic MatterDing, Yang; Shi, Zhenqing; Ye, Qianting; Liang, Yuzhen; Liu, Minqin; Dang, Zhi; Wang, Yujun; Liu, ChongxuanEnvironmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (10), 6174-6184CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)Dissolved org. matter (DOM) plays a key role in many biogeochem. processes, but the drivers controlling the diversity of chem. compn. and properties of DOM mols. (chemodiversity) in soils are poorly understood. It has also been debated whether environmental conditions or intrinsic mol. properties control the accumulation and persistence of DOM due to the complexity of both mol. compn. of DOM and interactions between DOM and surrounding environments. Soil DOM samples were extd. from 33 soils collected from different regions of China, and we studied the effects of climate and soil properties on the chemodiversity of DOM across different regions of China, employing a combination of Fourier transform ICR mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, and statistical analyses. Despite the heterogeneity of soil samples and complex influencing factors, aridity and clay can account for the majority of the variations of DOM chem. compn. The finding implied that DOM chemodiversity is an ecosystem property closely related to the environment, and can be used in developing large-scale soil biogeochem. models for predicting C cycling in soils.
42丁,Y.;石志Q.;叶,Q.T.;梁玉璧;刘明问;邓,Z.;王玉杰;Liu, C. X.土壤溶解有机质的化学多样性.大约。Sci. Technol.2020, 54 (10), 6174–6184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01136 - 43Lawaetz, A. J.; Stedmon, C. A. Fluorescence intensity calibration using the Raman scatter peak of water. Appl. Spectrosc.IF 3.5SCIEJCI 0.91Q1化学3区2009, 63 (8), 936– 940, DOI: 10.1366/000370209788964548Google Scholar Google 学术搜索43https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhtVaht7fM&md5=9b276ac6eb08dda3e51c3f158d5c287eFluorescence intensity calibration using the Raman scatter peak of waterLawaetz, A. J.; Stedmon, C. A.Applied Spectroscopy (2009), 63 (8), 936-940CODEN: APSPA4; ISSN:0003-7028. (Society for Applied Spectroscopy)Fluorescence data of replicate samples obtained from different fluorescence spectrometers or by the same spectrometer but with different instrument settings can have great intensity differences. To compare such data an intensity calibration must be applied. Here we explain a simple calibration method for fluorescence intensity using only the integrated area of a water Raman peak. By applying this method to data from three different instruments, we show that it is possible to remove instrument-dependent intensity factors, and we present results on a unified scale of Raman units. The method presented is a rapid and simple approach suitable for routine measurements with no need for hazardous chems.
43拉瓦茨,AJ;Stedmon, C. A.使用水的拉曼散射峰进行荧光强度校准。应用光谱.2009, 63 (8), 936– 940, DOI: 10.1366/000370209788964548 - 44Gong, J.; Liu, Y.; Sun, X. O3 and UV/O3 oxidation of organic constituents of biotreated municipal wastewater. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2008, 42 (4–5), 1238– 1244, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.020Google Scholar Google 学术搜索44https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhvFyrtL4%253D&md5=915943a456b48176f79ca420443bf2f8O3 and UV/O3 oxidation of organic constituents of biotreated municipal wastewaterGong, Jianli; Liu, Yongdi; Sun, XianboWater Research (2008), 42 (4-5), 1238-1244CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)Dissolved org. matter (DOM) in the biotreated effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant was sepd. by XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins into four fractions: hydrophobic acids, non-acid hydrophobics, transphilics and hydrophilics. Ozonation with and without UV enhancement removed most UV-absorbing substances in the first 30 min achieving 78% and 63% redn. in UV254, resp.; the UV enhancement resulted in a greater redn. in dissolved org. carbon (DOC) (90% vs. 36%). Ozone reacted sequentially with arom. hydrophobics, transphilics, and then hydrophilics; however, under UV, it reacted with all four org. fractions simultaneously. Low-MW hydrophilics were the most abundant fraction in the ozone-treated effluent.
44龚,J.;刘彦;生物处理城市废水中有机成分的太阳、X.O 3 和 UV/O 3 氧化。水研究 2008, 42 (4–5), 1238– 1244, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.020 - 45Ohno, T.; He, Z.; Sleighter, R. L.; Honeycutt, C. W.; Hatcher, P. G. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and indicator species analysis to identify marker components of soil- and plant biomass- derived organic matter fractions. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2010, 44 (22), 8594– 8600, DOI: 10.1021/es101089tGoogle Scholar Google 学术搜索45https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtlShs7rK&md5=d82e6c5d259208b4b53548c6928c4453Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Indicator Species Analysis to Identify Marker Components of Soil- and Plant Biomass-Derived Organic Matter FractionsOhno, Tsutomu; He, Zhongqi; Sleighter, Rachel L.; Honeycutt, C. Wayne; Hatcher, Patrick G.Environmental Science & Technology (2010), 44 (22), 8594-8600CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)The chem. properties of org. matter affect important soil processes such as speciation, solubilization, and transport of plant nutrients and metals. This work uses ultrahigh resoln. electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to det. the mol. compn. of three org. matter fractions of soils and aq. exts. of crop biomass. Comparison of the van Krevelen plots allowed tracking the changes in org. matter with increasing humification. Aq. plant biomass exts. contain a diverse mixt. of lipids, proteins, and lignins. Soil aq. exts. were marked by increases in lignin and carbohydrate components and decrease in the protein component as compared to the plant ext. Refractory humic acid fractions were marked by decrease in the lignin component and increases in the lipid and condensed arom. components. The multivariate indicator species anal. was used to identify marker components of the four org. matter types investigated. The plant ext. group had 772 marker components compared to 237 for soil aq. ext., 92 for mobile humic acid, and 418 for calcium humic acid. This study demonstrates that ultrahigh resoln. mass spectrometry and multivariate methods can be used to identify marker components to gain a mol.-scale description and understanding of C dynamics.
45大野,T.;他,Z.;斯莱特,RL;霍尼卡特,CW;Hatcher, P. G.超高分辨率质谱和指示物物种分析,用于识别土壤和植物生物质衍生有机质组分的标记成分。环境。科学技术.2010, 44 (22), 8594– 8600, DOI: 10.1021/es101089t - 46LaRowe, D. E.; Van Cappellen, P. Degradation of natural organic matter: A thermodynamic analysis. Geochim. Cosmochim. ActaIF 5.0SCIEJCI 1.52Q1地球科学1区Top2011, 75 (8), 2030– 2042, DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.020Google Scholar Google 学术搜索46https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXjsVGhu78%253D&md5=3a0610f4c212fc480d02649866bfdffdDegradation of natural organic matter: A thermodynamic analysisLaRowe, Douglas E.; Van Cappellen, PhilippeGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2011), 75 (8), 2030-2042CODEN: GCACAK; ISSN:0016-7037. (Elsevier B.V.)The oxidative degrdn. of org. matter is a key process in the biogeochem. functioning of the earth system. Quant. models of org. matter degrdn. are therefore essential for understanding the chem. state and evolution of the Earth's near-surface environment, and to forecast the biogeochem. consequences of ongoing regional and global change. The complex nature of biol. produced org. matter represents a major obstacle to the development of such models, however. The authors compare the energetics of the oxidative degrdn. of a large no. of naturally occurring org. compds. By relating the Gibbs energies of half reactions describing the complete mineralization of the compds. to their av. nominal carbon oxidn. state, it becomes possible to est. the energetic potential of the compds. based on major element (C, H, N, O, P, S) ratios. The new energetic description of org. matter can be combined with bioenergetic theory to rationalize obsd. patterns in the decompn. of natural org. matter. For example, the persistence of cell membrane derived compds. and complex orgs. in anoxic settings is consistent with their limited catabolic potential under these environmental conditions. The proposed approach opens the way to include the thermodn. properties of org. compds. in kinetic models of org. matter degrdn.
46拉罗,D.E.;Van Cappellen, P.天然有机物的降解:热力学分析。Geochim。科斯莫奇姆。学报2011, 75 (8), 2030– 2042, DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.020 - 47Ribeirinho-Soares, S.; Moreira, N. F. F.; Graca, C.; Pereira, M. F. R.; Silva, A. M. T.; Nunes, O. C. Overgrowth control of potentially hazardous bacteria during storage of ozone treated wastewater through natural competition. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 209, 117932, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117932Google Scholar Google 学术搜索47https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3MXislWku77M&md5=d2a523efc46f70766df13794f91f3681Overgrowth control of potentially hazardous bacteria during storage of ozone treated wastewater through natural competitionRibeirinho-Soares, Sara; Moreira, Nuno F. F.; Graca, Catia; Pereira, M. Fernando R.; Silva, Adrian M. T.; Nunes, Olga C.Water Research (2022), 209 (), 117932CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)Improving the chem. and biol. quality of treated wastewater is particularly important in world regions under water stress. In these regions, reutilization of wastewater is seen as an alternative to reduce water demand, particularly for agriculture irrigation. In a reuse scenario, the treated wastewater must have enough quality to avoid chem. and biol. contamination of the receiving environment. Ozonation is among the technologies available to efficiently remove org. micropollutants and disinfect secondary effluents, being implemented in full-scale urban wastewater treatment plants worldwide. However, previous studies demonstrated that storage of ozone treated wastewater promoted the overgrowth of potentially harmful bacteria, putting at risk its reutilization, given for instance the possibility of contaminating the food-chain. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the potential beneficial role of inoculation of ozone treated wastewater with a diverse bacterial community during storage, for the control of the overgrowth of potentially hazardous bacteria, through bacterial competition. To achieve this goal, ozone treated wastewater (TWW) was dild. with river water (RW) in the same proportion, and the resulting bacterial community (RW+TWW) was compared to that of undiluted TWW over 7 days storage. As hypothesized, in contrast to TWW, where dominance of Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, namely Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., was obsd. upon storage for 7 days, the bacterial communities of the dild. samples (RW+TWW) were diverse, resembling those of RW. Moreover, given the high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in RW, the concn. of these genes in RW+TWW did not differ from that of the non-ozonated controls (WW, RW and RW+WW) over the storage period. These results highlight the necessity of finding a suitable pristine diverse bacterial community to be used in the future to compete with bacteria surviving ozonation, to prevent reactivation of undesirable bacteria during storage of treated wastewater.
47里贝里尼奥-苏亚雷斯;莫雷拉,NFF;格拉卡,C.;佩雷拉,MFR;席尔瓦,AMT;Nunes, O. C.通过自然竞争在臭氧处理废水储存过程中对潜在有害细菌的过度生长控制。水研究 2022, 209, 117932, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117932 - 48Rehman, Z. U.; Ali, M.; Iftikhar, H.; Leiknes, T. Genome-resolved metagenomic analysis reveals roles of microbial community members in full-scale seawater reverse osmosis plant. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2019, 149, 263– 271, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.012Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
48拉赫曼,Z.U.;阿里,M.;伊夫蒂哈尔,H.;基因组分辨的宏基因组分析揭示了微生物群落成员在全尺寸海水反渗透工厂中的作用。水研究 2019, 149, 263– 271, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.012 - 49Wang, H.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Y.-N.; Sun, Y.; Fu, Y.; Gong, Z.; Liu, K. Simultaneous degradation of refractory organics, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from landfill leachate concentrate by GAC/O3. J. Cleaner Prod.IF 11.1SCIEJCI 1.53Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 380, 135016, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135016Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
49王斌;张,C.;王彦娥;孙,Y.;傅彦;龚,Z.;Liu, K.GAC/O 3 对垃圾渗滤液浓缩物中难治性有机物、抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的同步降解.J. Cleaner Prod.2022, 380, 135016, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135016 - 50Tadonléké, R. D. Strong coupling between natural Planctomycetes and changes in the quality of dissolved organic matter in freshwater samples. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.IF 4.2SCIEJCI 0.8Q2生物学3区2007, 59 (3), 543– 555, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00222.xGoogle Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
50Tadonléké, R. D.天然浮游菌与淡水样品中溶解有机物质量变化之间的强耦合。FEMS微生物。生态学2007, 59 (3), 543– 555, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00222.x - 51Nichols, G. L.; McLauchlin, J. Microbiology and the investigation of waterborne outbreaks: The use of Cryptosporidium typing in the investigation of waterborne disease. In Drinking Water and Infectious Disease: Establishing the Links; CRC Press, 2002, pp 87– 95. DOI: 10.1201/9781420040524.ch8
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51尼科尔斯,GL;McLauchlin, J.微生物学和水传播暴发的调查:隐孢子虫分型在水传播疾病调查中的应用。在饮用水和传染病:建立联系;CRC出版社,2002年,第87-95页。DOI: 10.1201/9781420040524.ch8.
- 52Lau, H. Y.; Ashbolt, N. J. The role of biofilms and protozoa in Legionella pathogenesis: Implications for drinking water. J. Appl. Microbiol.IF 4.0SCIEJCI 0.68Q2生物学3区2009, 107 (2), 368– 378, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04208.xGoogle Scholar Google 学术搜索52https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD1MvptFWjtw%253D%253D&md5=c74d388e5e2f29221200d8b4ac872b8cThe role of biofilms and protozoa in Legionella pathogenesis: implications for drinking waterLau H Y; Ashbolt N JJournal of applied microbiology (2009), 107 (2), 368-78 ISSN:.Current models to study Legionella pathogenesis include the use of primary macrophages and monocyte cell lines, various free-living protozoan species and murine models of pneumonia. However, there are very few studies of Legionella spp. pathogenesis aimed at associating the role of biofilm colonization and parasitization of biofilm microbiota and release of virulent bacterial cell/vacuoles in drinking water distribution systems. Moreover, the implications of these environmental niches for drinking water exposure to pathogenic legionellae are poorly understood. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of Legionella spp. proliferation within Acanthamoeba and mammalian cells and advocates the use of the amoeba model to study Legionella pathogenicity because of their close association with Legionella spp. in the aquatic environment. The putative role of biofilms and amoebae in the proliferation, development and dissemination of potentially pathogenic Legionella spp. is also discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms of Legionella pathogenicity development in our drinking water systems will aid in elimination strategies and procedural designs for drinking water systems and in controlling exposure to Legionella spp. and similar pathogens.
52刘汉彦;生物膜和原生动物在军团菌发病机制中的作用:对饮用水的影响。应用微生物学杂志.2009, 107 (2), 368– 378, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04208.x - 53Scheikl, U.; Sommer, R.; Kirschner, A.; Rameder, A.; Schrammel, B.; Zweimuller, I.; Wesner, W.; Hinker, M.; Walochnik, J. Free-living amoebae (FLA) co-occurring with legionellae in industrial waters. Eur. J. Protistol.IF 2.9SCIEJCI 0.69Q3生物学2区2014, 50 (4), 422– 429, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2014.04.002Google Scholar Google 学术搜索53https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC2cblvVyhsg%253D%253D&md5=0e75f9aa592e6ae6af5a17256640cd42Free-living amoebae (FLA) co-occurring with legionellae in industrial watersScheikl Ute; Sommer Regina; Kirschner Alexander; Rameder Alexandra; Schrammel Barbara; Zweimuller Irene; Wesner Wolfgang; Hinker Manfred; Walochnik JuliaEuropean journal of protistology (2014), 50 (4), 422-9 ISSN:.Legionella pneumophila is known as the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and free-living amoebae (FLA) can serve as vehicles for legionellae. The aim of this study was to screen industrial waters for the occurrence of FLA and their co-occurrence with legionellae. A total of 201 water samples, including 129 cooling waters and 72 process waters, and 30 cooling lubricants were included in the study. Treated waters were screened periodically, pre and post treatment. Altogether, 72.6% of the water samples were positive for FLA, acanthamoebae being most prevalent (in 23.9% of the samples) followed by Vermamoeba vermiformis (19.4%). Only one cooling lubricant was positive (Acanthamoeba genotype T4). Legionella spp. were detected in 34.8% of the water samples and in 15% in high concentrations (>1000 CFU/100 ml). Altogether, 81.4% of the Legionella-positive samples were positive for FLA by standard methods. By applying a highly sensitive nested PCR to a representative set of random samples it was revealed that Legionella spp. always co-occurred with Acanthamoeba spp. Although the addition of disinfectants did influence amoebal density and diversity, treated waters showed no difference concerning FLA in the interphases of disinfection. It appears that FLA can re-colonize treated waters within a short period of time.
53Scheikl,美国;索默,R.;基什纳,A.;拉梅德,A.;施拉梅尔,B.;茨魏穆勒,I.;韦斯纳,W.;欣克,M.;Walochnik, J.自由生活的变形虫 (FLA) 与工业水域中的军团菌共生。Eur. J. Protistol.2014, 50 (4), 422– 429, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2014.04.002 - 54Caicedo, C.; Rosenwinkel, K.-H.; Exner, M.; Verstraete, W.; Suchenwirth, R.; Hartemann, P.; Nogueira, R. Legionella occurrence in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and risks of reclaimed wastewater reuse: Review. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2019, 149, 21– 34, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.080Google Scholar Google 学术搜索54https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXitFyhurbF&md5=7fbe53b1bb2a7053e7504a0499f2ccabLegionella occurrence in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and risks of reclaimed wastewater reuse: ReviewCaicedo, C.; Rosenwinkel, K.-H.; Exner, M.; Verstraete, W.; Suchenwirth, R.; Hartemann, P.; Nogueira, R.Water Research (2019), 149 (), 21-34CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as confirmed but until today underestimated sources of Legionella, playing an important role in local and community cases and outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease. In general, aerobic biol. systems provide an optimum environment for the growth of Legionella due to high org. nitrogen and oxygen concns., ideal temps. and the presence of protozoa. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs, and many questions in regards to the interacting factors that promote the proliferation and persistence of Legionella in these treatment systems are still unanswered. This crit. review summarizes the current knowledge about Legionella in municipal and industrial WWTPs, the conditions that might support their growth, as well as control strategies that have been applied. Furthermore, an overview of current quantification methods, guidelines and health risks assocd. with Legionella in reclaimed wastewater is also discussed in depth. A better understanding of the conditions promoting the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs will contribute to the development of improved wastewater treatment technologies and/or innovative mitigation approaches to minimize future Legionella outbreaks.
54凯塞多,C.;罗森温克尔,K.-H.;埃克斯纳,M.;韦斯特雷特,W.;Suchenwirth,R.;哈特曼,P.;Nogueira, R.军团菌在市政和工业废水处理厂中的发生以及回收废水再利用的风险:综述。水研究2019, 149, 21– 34, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.080 - 55Gerrity, D.; Arnold, M.; Dickenson, E.; Moser, D.; Sackett, J. D.; Wert, E. C. Microbial community characterization of ozone-biofiltration systems in drinking water and potable reuse applications. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 135, 207– 219, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.023Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
55杰里蒂,D.;阿诺德,M.;狄更生,E.;莫泽,D.;萨克特,法学博士;Wert, E. C.饮用水和饮用水再利用应用中臭氧生物过滤系统的微生物群落表征。水研究 2018, 135, 207– 219, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.023 - 56Zhang, L.; Graham, N.; Li, G.; Yu, W. Divergent accumulation of membrane biofouling by slight elevation of nitrogen and phosphorus in drinking water treatment: Performances and mechanisms. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 222, 118898, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118898Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
56张,L.;格雷厄姆,N.;李,G.;Yu, W.饮用水处理中氮磷略微升高的膜生物污垢发散积累:性能和机制。水研究 2022, 222, 118898, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118898 - 57Desmond, P.; Huisman, K. T.; Sanawar, H.; Farhat, N. M.; Traber, J.; Fridjonsson, E. O.; Johns, M. L.; Flemming, H.-C.; Picioreanu, C.; Vrouwenvelder, J. S. Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 210, 118031, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031Google Scholar Google 学术搜索57https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XksFKitQ%253D%253D&md5=ee3251a57598a194d198d95270b37ae8Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structureDesmond, Peter; Huisman, Kees Theo; Sanawar, Huma; Farhat, Nadia M.; Traber, Jacqueline; Fridjonsson, Einar O.; Johns, Michael L.; Flemming, Hans-Curt; Picioreanu, Cristian; Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S.Water Research (2022), 210 (), 118031CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)A review. The application of membrane technol. for water treatment and reuse is hampered by the development of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm growth in micro-and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane modules, on both the membrane surface and feed spacer, can form a secondary membrane and exert resistance to permeation and crossflow, increasing energy demand and decreasing permeate quantity and quality. In recent years, exhaustive efforts were made to understand the chem., structural and hydraulic characteristics of membrane biofilms. In this , we critically assess which specific structural features of membrane biofilms exert resistance to forced water passage in MF/UF membranes systems applied to water and wastewater treatment, and how biofilm phys. structure can be engineered by process operation to impose less hydraulic resistance ("below-the-pain threshold"). Counter-intuitively, biofilms with greater thickness do not always cause a higher hydraulic resistance than thinner biofilms. Dense biofilms, however, had consistently higher hydraulic resistances compared to less dense biofilms. The mechanism by which d. exerts hydraulic resistance is reported in the literature to be dependant on the biofilms' internal packing structure and EPS chem. compd. (e.g., porosity, polymer concn.). Current reports of internal porosity in membrane biofilms are not supported by adequate exptl. evidence or by a reliable methodol., limiting a unified understanding of biofilm internal structure. Identifying the dependency of hydraulic resistance on biofilm d. invites efforts to control the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering internal biofilm structure. Regulation of biofilm internal structure is possible by alteration of key determinants such as feed water nutrient compd./concn., hydraulic shear stress and resistance and can engineer biofilm structural development to decrease d. and therein hydraulic resistance. Future efforts should seek to det. the extent to which the concept of "biofilm engineering" can be extended to other biofilm parameters such as mech. stability and the implication for biofilm control/removal in engineered water systems (e.g., pipelines and/or, cooling towers) susceptible to biofouling.
57德斯蒙德,P.;豪氏威马,K.T.;萨纳瓦尔,H.;新墨西哥州法哈特;特拉伯,J.;弗里琼森,EO;约翰斯,ML;弗莱明,HC;皮西奥雷阿努,C.;Vrouwenvelder, J. S.通过工程生物膜物理结构控制膜生物膜的水力阻力。水研究 2022, 210, 118031, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031 - 58Abada, B.; Safarik, J.; Ishida, K. P.; Chellam, S. Surface characterization of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes from a full-scale advanced water reuse facility: Combined role of bioorganic materials and silicon on chemically irreversible fouling. J. Membr. Sci.IF 9.5SCIEJCI 1.85Q1工程技术1区Top2022, 653, 120511, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120511Google Scholar Google 学术搜索58https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XpsVygtLg%253D&md5=451543b823a01355c995ea63b3ba2462Surface characterization of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes from a full-scale advanced water reuse facility: Combined role of bioorganic materials and silicon on chemically irreversible foulingAbada, Bilal; Safarik, Jana; Ishida, Kenneth P.; Chellam, ShankararamanJournal of Membrane Science (2022), 653 (), 120511CODEN: JMESDO; ISSN:0376-7388. (Elsevier B.V.)Eight-year-old end-of-life reverse osmosis (RO) membranes from all three stages of a full-scale plant from the world's largest potable reuse facility were comprehensively characterized to discern the role of the co-existing foulants on performance decline and recovery by chem. cleaning. XPS and energy dispersive X-ray spectra detected surficial silica foulants on all stages. High-resoln. XPS and IR spectra evidenced siloxanes among other forms of silicon foulants, which was confirmed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry as cyclosiloxanes. Addnl., culturable bacteria were recovered, and other bioorg. foulants were identified by colorimetry, microscopy, and spectroscopy. Higher amts. of bioorg. foulants were measured in the first two stages, whereas silica fouling was more significant in the first- and third-stage elements. Chem. cleaning with either sodium tripolyphosphate - sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid mixt., sodium dodecyl sulfate - sodium hydroxide mixt., or hydrochloric acid did not completely restore membrane permeability demonstrating the need for membrane replacement. Siliceous foulants were most intractable to all chem. cleaning methods evaluated (including sodium hydroxide) and were the dominant cause of chem.-irreversible fouling leading to the membranes' end-of-life. Our results suggest that incorporating silicon pretreatment could improve RO performance and extend membrane life span during municipal potable reuse.
58阿巴达,B.;萨法里克,J.;石田,K.P.;Chellam, S.来自全尺寸先进水回用设施的报废反渗透膜的表面表征:生物有机材料和硅对化学不可逆污染的综合作用。J.门布尔。Sci.2022, 653, 120511, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120511 - 59Ivleva, N. P.; Wagner, M.; Horn, H.; Niessner, R.; Haisch, C. Towards a nondestructive chemical characterization of biofilm matrix by Raman microscopy. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.IF 4.3SCIEJCI 0.93Q1化学2区2009, 393 (1), 197– 206, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2470-5Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
59伊夫列瓦,N.P.;瓦格纳,M.;霍恩,H.;尼斯纳,R.;Haisch, C.通过拉曼显微镜对生物膜基质进行无损化学表征。肛门。 生物肛门。Chem.2009, 393 (1), 197– 206, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2470-5 - 60Laue, H.; Schenk, A.; Li, H.; Lambertsen, L.; Neu, T. R.; Molin, S.; Ullrich, M. S. Contribution of alginate and levan production to biofilm formation by Pseudomonas syringae. Microbiolology 2006, 152 (10), 2909– 2918, DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28875-0Google Scholar Google 学术搜索There is no corresponding record for this reference.
60劳厄,H.;申克,A.;李旭;兰伯特森,L.;诺伊,TR;莫林,S.;Ullrich, M. S.丁香假单胞菌对海藻酸盐和莱万生产对生物膜形成的贡献。微生物学 2006, 152 (10), 2909– 2918, DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28875-0
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Abstract 抽象
Figure 1 图1
Figure 1. Molecular-level DOM compositional patterns of the influents. (A) Regions of the van Krevelen diagram based on ratios of O/C and H/C. (B–D) Van Krevelen diagrams of influent DOM in the control, ratio 0.5, and ratio 1 membrane filtration systems, respectively. (E) Regional proportion of the DOM molecules. (F) Venn diagram of the molecular DOM formulas shared in the different samples. (G) Proportion of CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS molecules in control, ratio 0.5, and ratio 1 influents. (H,I) Distribution of AI and NOSC values for molecular formulas of the influent DOM, respectively. Significant differences were investigated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The marks a, b, and c in bold indicate statistical significance at P < 0.05.
图 1.进水物的分子水平DOM组成模式。(A) 基于 O/C 和 H/C 比率的 van Krevelen 图的区域。 (b–D) 分别是控制、比率 0.5 和比率 1 膜过滤系统中进水 DOM 的 Van Krevelen 图。(E) DOM分子的区域比例。(F) 不同样品中共享的分子DOM分子式的维恩图。(G) 对照组 CHO、CHON、CHOS 和 CHONS 分子的比例,比例为 0.5,比例为 1。(H,I)进水DOM分子式AI和NOSC值的分布。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验研究了显着差异。粗体标记 a、b 和 c 表示 P < 0.05 时的统计学显著性。Figure 2 图2
Figure 2. Compositional and diversity patterns of biofilm microbial consortium. (A) Upset plot of the average number of bacterial ASVs shared in the control, ratio 0.5, and ratio 1 biofilms. (B,C) Average relative abundance of bacterial taxa at phylum and genus levels, respectively. (D–G) Shannon, Simpson, Chao 1, and Pielou evenness indexes of the biofilm microbial consortium, respectively. (H) PCoA plot of the biofilm bacterial communities based on the Bray–Curtis distance matrix. (I) Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of bacterial community across different biofilms. Significant differences were investigated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The marks a, b, and c in bold indicate statistical significance at P < 0.05.
图2.生物膜微生物联盟的组成和多样性模式。(A) 对照中共享的细菌 ASV 平均数量的扰动图,比率 0.5 和比率 1 生物膜。(乙、丙)细菌类群在门和属水平上的平均相对丰度。(D-G)Shannon、Simpson、Chao 1 和 Pielou 分别是生物膜微生物联盟的均匀度指数。(H) 基于Bray-Curtis距离矩阵的生物膜细菌群落PCoA图。(I)不同生物膜上细菌群落的Bray-Curtis差异。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验研究了显着差异。粗体标记 a、b 和 c 表示 P < 0.05 时的统计学显著性。Figure 3 图3
Figure 3. Morphological and chemical structure of biofilms. (A,B) SEM images of biofilms captured in cross-section and top surface, respectively. (C,D) XPS spectra of the biofilms based on elements C and O, respectively.
图3.生物膜的形态和化学结构。(甲、乙)分别在横截面和顶面捕获的生物膜的SEM图像。(C,D)分别基于元素 C 和 O 的生物膜的 XPS 光谱。Figure 4 图4
Figure 4. Physicochemical properties of the biofilm matrix. (A) Representative fluorescence spectra of the DOM extracted in the biofilm matrix with phosphate buffer solution. (B) Representative FTIR spectra. (C) Representative optical micrographs and the corresponding surface roughness. (D) Concentrations of polysaccharides and proteins. (E) Representative Raman spectra. Significant differences were assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test and * represents P < 0.05.
图4.生物膜基质的物理化学性质。(A)用磷酸盐缓冲溶液在生物膜基质中提取的DOM的代表性荧光光谱。(B) 具有代表性的傅里叶变换红外光谱。(C)具有代表性的光学显微照片和相应的表面粗糙度。(D) 多糖和蛋白质的浓度。(E) 具有代表性的拉曼光谱。通过 Kruskal-Wallis 检验评估显著差异,* 表示 P < 0.05。Figure 5 图5
Figure 5. Filtration performance of membrane systems. (A) Representative fluorescence spectra of DOM in the influents and effluents of membrane filtration systems. (B) Regional removal rate of fluorescence intensity by the membrane filtration systems. (C) Apparent molecular weight distribution profile of the DOM in the influents and effluents. (D) Hydraulic resistance of the membrane system in the course of filtration.
图5.膜系统的过滤性能。(A)DOM在膜过滤系统进水和出水中的代表性荧光光谱。(B)膜过滤系统对荧光强度的区域去除率。(C) DOM在进水和出水中的表观分子量分布曲线。(D)过滤过程中膜系统的水力阻力。References 引用
ARTICLE SECTIONS 文章部分This article references 60 other publications.
本文参考了其他 60 篇出版物。- 1Zhang, L.; Graham, N.; Kimura, K.; Li, G.; Yu, W. Targeting membrane fouling with low dose oxidant in drinking water treatment: Beneficial effect and biological mechanism. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 209, 117953, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117953
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此引用没有相应的记录。 - 2Yu, W.; Graham, N. J. D. Application of Fe(II)/K2MnO4 as a pre-treatment for controlling UF membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. J. Membr. Sci.IF 9.5SCIEJCI 1.85Q1工程技术1区Top2015, 473, 283– 291, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.060
俞,W.;Graham, N. J. D.Fe(II)/K 2 MnO 4 作为预处理在饮用水处理中控制超滤膜污垢的应用。J.门布尔。Sci.2015, 473, 283– 291, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.0602https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhs1KgurbE&md5=a0ae48469b5bd5de4e6fc9373ada59c5Application of Fe(II)/K2MnO4 as a pre-treatment for controlling UF membrane fouling in drinking water treatment
Fe(II)/K2MnO4作为预处理在饮用水处理中控制超滤膜结垢的应用Yu, Wenzheng; Graham, Nigel. J. D.
俞文正;格雷厄姆,奈杰尔。法学博士Journal of Membrane Science (2015), 473 (), 283-291CODEN: JMESDO; ISSN:0376-7388. (Elsevier B.V.)
膜科学学报 (2015), 473(), 283-291CODEN: JMESDO;国际标准刊号:0376-7388.(爱思唯尔 B.V.)This paper describes some results of mini-pilot-scale tests concerning the performance of K2MnO4 as a pre-treatment chem. prior to ultrafiltration. Manganate is an intermediate in the com. prepn. of permanganate and in aq. reactions MnO42- can act as both an oxidant and a coagulant/adsorbent arising from the formation of insol. MnO2. The combination of ferrous sulfate and manganate (Fe/Mn), offers a potentially cheaper and effective combination of pre-oxidant and coagulant compared to the chems. used currently in water treatment (e.g., ozone, Cl, ferric sulfate). In comparative tests with conventional ferric sulfate and using simulated raw water, the results showed that Fe/Mn pre-treatment substantially reduced membrane fouling in terms of the rate of trans-membrane pressure development (arising from both external and internal fouling). Fe/Mn pre-treatment was effective in reducing bacterial activity, changing the characteristics of org. matter and decreasing the prodn. of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by bacteria. The external fouling in this process was detd. by the EPS concn., and the internal fouling mainly detd. by the adsorption of lower MW org. matter to the membrane pores. Fe/Mn pre-treatment reduced the amts. of both types of fouling material within the cake layer and membrane pores in comparison to conventional pre-treatment with ferrous sulfate, most likely through the formation of solid-phase Fe(III) and MnO2 and by MnO42- oxidn., thereby leading to a substantial increase in membrane run time.
本文描述了关于K2MnO4在超滤前作为预处理化学品的性能的小型中试规模测试的一些结果。 锰酸盐是高锰酸盐制备和水溶反应中的中间体 MnO42- 既可以充当氧化剂,也可以作为凝结剂/吸附剂,由溶胶形成产生。 与化学成分相比,硫酸亚铁和锰酸盐 (Fe/Mn) 的组合提供了一种可能更便宜、更有效的预氧化剂和混凝剂组合。目前用于水处理(例如臭氧、Cl、硫酸铁)。 在与常规硫酸铁的对比试验和使用模拟原水的试验中,结果表明,Fe/Mn预处理在跨膜压力发展速率(由外部和内部污染引起)方面大大降低了膜污染。 Fe/Mn预处理可有效降低细菌活性,改变组织物质特性,降低菌株产量。细菌的细胞外聚合物物质 (EPS)。 在此过程中,外部结垢被去除。由EPS控制,内部污垢主要排污。通过吸附低MW组织物质到膜孔。 与传统的硫酸亚铁预处理相比,Fe/Mn预处理减少了滤饼层和膜孔内两种类型的污垢材料的amts.,最有可能通过形成固相Fe(III)和MnO2以及MnO42-氧化物,从而导致膜运行时间的大幅增加。 - 3Yu, W.; Xu, L.; Graham, N.; Qu, J. Pre-treatment for ultrafiltration: Effect of pre-chlorination on membrane fouling. Sci. Rep.IF 4.6SCIEJCI 1.06Q2综合性期刊2区2014, 4, 6513, DOI: 10.1038/srep06513
俞,W.;徐,L.;格雷厄姆,N.;曲,J.超滤预处理:预氯化对膜结垢的影响。Sci. Rep.2014, 4, 6513, DOI: 10.1038/srep065133https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXksVWmsbo%253D&md5=315394adaa8ecb9b3fd01f3f45d8263aPre-treatment for ultrafiltration: effect of pre-chlorination on membrane fouling
超滤预处理:预氯化对膜结垢的影响Yu, Wenzheng; Xu, Lei; Graham, Nigel; Qu, Jiuhui
俞文正;徐磊;格雷厄姆,奈杰尔;曲九辉Scientific Reports (2014), 4 (), 6513CODEN: SRCEC3; ISSN:2045-2322. (Nature Publishing Group)
科学报告 (2014), 4 (), 6513CODEN: SRCEC3;国际标准刊号:2045-2322.(自然出版集团)Microbial effects are believed to be a major contributor to membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is commonly applied in membrane cleaning, but its potential use as a pretreatment for controlling operational fouling has received little attention. In this study, the effect of adding a continuous low dose of NaClO (1 mg/l as active Cl) in combination with alum, before ultrafiltration, was compared with only alum as pretreatment. The results showed that the addn. of NaClO substantially reduced membrane fouling both in terms of the rate of TMP development and the properties of the membrane cake layer. Although the size of nano-scale primary coagulant flocs changed little by the addn. of NaClO, the cake layer on the membrane had a greater porosity and a substantially reduced thickness. NaClO was found to inactivate bacteria in the influent flow, which reduced both microbial proliferation and the prodn. of proteins and polysaccharides in the cake layer and contributed significantly to improving the overall ultrafiltration performance. NaClO dosing had no adverse impact on the formation of currently regulated disinfection byproduct compds. (THMs and HAAs).
微生物效应被认为是饮用水处理中膜结垢的主要原因。 次氯酸钠 (NaClO) 通常用于膜清洗,但其作为控制操作结垢的预处理的潜在用途很少受到关注。 在这项研究中,比较了在超滤前加入连续低剂量的NaClO(1 mg/l活性Cl)与明矾结合的效果,与仅使用明矾作为预处理的效果进行了比较。 结果表明,NaClO的添加在TMP发展速率和膜饼层性能方面均显著降低了膜污染。 尽管NaClO的添加使纳米级初级混凝剂絮凝物的尺寸变化不大,但膜上的滤饼层具有更大的孔隙率和厚度的显著减小。 发现NaClO可以使进水流中的细菌失活,从而减少微生物增殖和生产。滤饼层中的蛋白质和多糖含量,对整体超滤性能的提高有显著贡献。 NaClO的加药对目前受监管的消毒副产物化合物的形成没有不利影响。(THM 和 HAA)。 - 4Liu, T.; Chen, Z.-L.; Yu, W.-Z.; You, S.-J. Characterization of organic membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor with pre-ozonation using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2011, 45 (5), 2111– 2121, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.023
刘婷婷;陈志麟;俞,W.-Z.;You, S.-J.使用三维激发发射基质荧光光谱表征浸没式膜生物反应器中的有机膜污染物,并进行预臭氧化。水研究 2011, 45 (5), 2111– 2121, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.0234https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXitFaqurY%253D&md5=d8862c5f758d9b4d58f6d80045804e9dCharacterization of organic membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor with pre-ozonation using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy
使用三维激发发射基质荧光光谱法对浸没式膜生物反应器中具有预臭氧化作用的有机膜污垢进行表征Liu, Ting; Chen, Zhong-lin; Yu, Wen-zheng; You, Shi-jie
刘婷;陈忠林;俞温正;你,世杰Water Research (2011), 45 (5), 2111-2121CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier B.V.)
水研究 (2011), 45 (5), 2111-2121CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔 B.V.)This study focuses on org. membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) process with pre-ozonation compared to an individual MBR using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. While the influent was continuously ozonated at a normal dosage, preferable org. matter removal was achieved in subsequent MBR, and trans-membrane pressure increased at a much lower rate than that of the individual MBR. EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to characterize the dissolved org. matter (DOM) samples, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) samples and membrane foulants. Four main peaks could be identified from the EEM fluorescence spectra of the DOM samples in both MBRs. Two peaks were assocd. with the protein-like fluorophores, and the other ones were related to the humic-like fluorophores. The results indicated that pre-ozonation decreased fluorescence intensities of all peaks in the EEM spectra of influent DOM esp. for protein-like substances and caused red shifts of all fluorescence peaks to different extents. The peak intensities of the protein-like substances represented by Peak T1 and T2 in EPS spectra were obviously decreased as a result of pre-ozonation. Both external and internal fouling could be effectively mitigated by the pre-ozonation. The most primary component of external foulants was humic acid-like substance (Peak C) in the MBR with pre-ozonation and protein-like substance (Peak T1) in the individual MBR, resp. The content decrease of protein-like substances and structural change of humic-like substances were obsd. in external foulants from EEM fluorescence spectra due to pre-ozonation. However, it could be seen that ozonation resulted in significant redn. of intensities but little location shift of all peaks in EEM fluorescence spectra of internal foulants.
本研究的重点是使用三维激发-发射基质 (EEM) 荧光光谱法与单个 MBR 相比,使用预臭氧化的浸没式膜生物反应器 (MBR) 工艺中的组织膜污染物。 当进水液以正常剂量连续臭氧化时,在随后的 MBR 中实现了优选的组织物质去除,并且跨膜压力的增加速率远低于单个 MBR。 采用EEM荧光光谱对溶解组织物质(DOM)样品、细胞外聚合物(EPS)样品和膜污染物进行表征。 从两个MBR中DOM样品的EEM荧光光谱中可以识别出四个主峰。 两个山峰是联合的。与蛋白质样荧光团有关,其他与腐殖质荧光团有关。 结果表明,预臭氧降低了进水DOM光谱中所有峰的荧光强度,特别是蛋白样物质,并不同程度地导致了所有荧光峰的红移。 EPS光谱中以峰T1和T2为代表的蛋白样物质的峰强度在预臭氧化作用下明显降低。 通过预臭氧化,可以有效缓解外部和内部污垢。 外部污垢的最主要成分是MBR中的腐殖酸样物质(峰C),在单个MBR中具有预臭氧和蛋白质样物质(峰T1)。 类蛋白物质含量下降和腐殖质物质结构变化趋于变化。由于预臭氧化,EEM荧光光谱的外部污垢。 然而,可以看出,臭氧化导致了显着的红化。 的强度,但内部污垢的EEM荧光光谱中所有峰的位置偏移很小。 - 5Kotlarz, N.; Rockey, N.; Olson, T. M.; Haig, S. J.; Sanford, L.; LiPuma, J. J.; Raskin, L. Biofilms in full-scale drinking water ozone contactors contribute viable bacteria to ozonated water. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 52 (5), 2618– 2628, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04212
科特拉兹,N.;罗基,N.;奥尔森,TM;黑格,SJ;桑福德,L.;利彪马,J.J.;Raskin, L.全尺寸饮用水臭氧接触器中的生物膜为臭氧水提供了活细菌。环境。科学技术.2018, 52 (5), 2618– 2628, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b042125https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXjtlCktA%253D%253D&md5=b874766ef69b5347cbe6e738dc951156Biofilms in Full-Scale Drinking Water Ozone Contactors Contribute Viable Bacteria to Ozonated Water
全尺寸饮用水臭氧接触器中的生物膜为臭氧水提供活细菌Kotlarz, Nadine; Rockey, Nicole; Olson, Terese M.; Haig, Sarah-Jane; Sanford, Larry; LiPuma, John J.; Raskin, Lutgarde
科特拉兹,纳丁;洛基,妮可;奥尔森,特蕾丝 M.;黑格,莎拉-简;桑福德,拉里;利普马,约翰 J.;拉斯金,卢特加德Environmental Science & Technology (2018), 52 (5), 2618-2628CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2018), 52 (5), 2618-2628CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)Concns. of viable microbial cells were monitored using culture-based and culture-independent methods across multichamber ozone contactors in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Membrane-intact and culturable cell concns. in ozone contactor effluents ranged from 1200 to 3750 cells/mL and from 200 to 3850 colony forming units/mL, resp. Viable cell concns. decreased significantly in the first ozone contact chamber, but rose, even as ozone exposure increased, in subsequent chambers. Our results implicate microbial detachment from biofilms on contactor surfaces, and from biomass present within lime softening sediments in a hydraulic dead zone, as a possible reason for increasing cell concns. in water samples from sequential ozone chambers. Biofilm community structures on baffle walls upstream and downstream from the dead zone were significantly different from each other (p = 0.017). The biofilms downstream of the dead zone contained a significantly (p = 0.036) higher relative abundance of bacteria of the genera Mycobacterium and Legionella than the upstream biofilms. These results have important implications as the effluent from ozone contactors is often treated further in biol. active filters and bacteria in ozonized water continuously seed filter microbial communities.
Concns.在全尺寸饮用水处理厂中,使用基于培养物和培养物的非依赖性方法通过多室臭氧接触器监测活微生物细胞。 膜完整和可培养的细胞凝聚物。臭氧接触器流出物范围为 1200 至 3750 个细胞/mL,菌落形成单位为 200 至 3850 个菌落形成单位/mL,即 活细胞凝聚。在第一个臭氧接触室中显著下降,但在随后的室中,即使臭氧暴露增加,也会上升。 我们的研究结果表明,微生物从接触器表面的生物膜上分离,以及从水力死区石灰软化沉积物中存在的生物质中分离,这是增加细胞浓度的可能原因。在连续臭氧室的水样中。 死区上游和下游挡板壁上的生物膜群落结构差异显著(p = 0.017)。 死区下游的生物膜含有分枝杆菌属和军团菌属细菌的相对丰度明显高于上游生物膜(p = 0.036)。 这些结果具有重要意义,因为臭氧接触器的废水通常在生物活性过滤器和臭氧水中的细菌中进一步处理,不断播种过滤微生物群落。 - 6Hammes, F.; Berney, M.; Wang, Y.; Vital, M.; Koster, O.; Egli, T. Flow-cytometric total bacterial cell counts as a descriptive microbiological parameter for drinking water treatment processes. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2008, 42 (1–2), 269– 277, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.009
哈姆斯,F.;伯尼,M.;王彦;维塔尔,M.;科斯特,O.;Egli, T.流式细胞术总细菌细胞计数作为饮用水处理过程的描述性微生物参数。水研究 2008, 42 (1–2), 269– 277, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.0096https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXhsVGlur%252FF&md5=6ab3931f0b41fa3150749dd4f76f71c9Flow-cytometric total bacterial cell counts as a descriptive microbiological parameter for drinking water treatment processes
流式细胞术细菌细胞总数作为饮用水处理过程的描述性微生物参数Hammes, Frederik; Berney, Michael; Wang, Yingying; Vital, Marius; Koester, Oliver; Egli, Thomas
哈姆斯,弗雷德里克;伯尼,迈克尔;王莹莹;维塔尔,马吕斯;科斯特,奥利弗;埃格利,托马斯Water Research (2008), 42 (1-2), 269-277CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2008), 42 (1-2), 269-277CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)There are significantly more microbial cells in drinking water than what can be cultured on synthetic growth media. Nonetheless, cultivation-based heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) are used worldwide as a general microbial quality parameter in drinking water treatment and distribution. Total bacterial cell concns. are normally not considered during drinking water treatment as a design, operative or legislative parameters. This is mainly because easy and rapid methods for quantification of total bacterial cell concns. have, up to now, not been available. As a consequence, the existing lack of data does not allow demonstrating the practical value of this parameter. We used fluorescence staining of microbial cells with the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I together with quant. flow cytometry (FCM) to analyze total cell concns. in water samples from a drinking water pilot plant. The plant treats surface water (Lake Zuerich) through sequential ozonization, granular activated C (GAC) filtration and membrane ultrafiltration (UF). The data were compared with adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) measurements and conventional HPCs performed on the same water samples. We demonstrated that the impact of all 3 major treatment steps on the microbiol. in the system could accurately be described with total cell counting: ozonization caused chem. destruction of the bacterial cells; GAC filtration facilitated significant regrowth of the microbial community; and membrane UF phys. removed the bacterial cells from the water. FCM typically detected 1-2 log units more than HPC, while ATP measurements were prone to interference from extracellular ATP released during the ozonation step in the treatment train. We show that total cell concn. measured with FCM is a rapid, easy, sensitive and importantly, a descriptive parameter of several widely applied drinking water treatment processes.
饮用水中的微生物细胞明显多于合成生长培养基上的微生物细胞。 尽管如此,基于培养的异养平板计数 (HPC) 在世界范围内被用作饮用水处理和分配的一般微生物质量参数。 细菌细胞总数。在饮用水处理过程中,通常不将其视为设计、操作或立法参数。 这主要是因为细菌细胞总浓度的定量方法简单快捷。到目前为止,还没有。 因此,由于缺乏数据,无法证明该参数的实际价值。 我们使用核酸染色剂 SYBR Green I 对微生物细胞进行荧光染色,并结合定量流式细胞术 (FCM) 来分析总细胞浓度。在饮用水试验工厂的水样中。 该工厂通过顺序臭氧化、颗粒活化 C (GAC) 过滤和膜超滤 (UF) 处理地表水(苏黎世湖)。 将数据与三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 测量值和对相同水样进行的常规 HPC 进行比较。 我们证明了所有 3 个主要处理步骤对微生物的影响。在系统中可以准确地用总细胞计数来描述:臭氧化导致细菌细胞的化学破坏;GAC过滤促进了微生物群落的显著再生;和膜UF phys.从水中除去细菌细胞。 FCM 通常比 HPC 多检测到 1-2 个对数单位,而 ATP 测量容易受到处理序列中臭氧化步骤期间释放的细胞外 ATP 的干扰。 我们展示了总细胞浓度。 用 FCM 测量是一种快速、简单、灵敏且重要的描述性参数,是几种广泛应用的饮用水处理过程的描述性参数。 - 7Jiang, T.; Tian, T.; Guan, Y.-F.; Yu, H.-Q. Contrasting behaviors of pre-ozonation on ceramic membrane biofouling: Early stage vs late stage. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 220, 118702, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118702
江,T.;田,T.;关永芳;Yu, H.-Q.陶瓷膜生物污损预臭氧化的对比行为:早期与晚期。水研究 2022, 220, 118702, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.1187027https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XhsFGhurnJ&md5=ac3d150b83c4b2f3f122c42c69945e17Contrasting behaviors of pre-ozonation on ceramic membrane biofouling: Early stage vs late stage
陶瓷膜生物污损预臭氧化的对比行为:早期与晚期Jiang, Ting; Tian, Tian; Guan, Yan-Fang; Yu, Han-Qing
江婷;田,田;关艳芳;俞汉清Water Research (2022), 220 (), 118702CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2022), 220 (), 118702CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)Pre-ozonation coupled with ceramic membrane filtration has been widely used to alleviate membrane fouling. However, information on the efficiency and underlying mechanism of pre-ozonation in the evolution of ceramic membrane biofouling is limited. Herein, filtration expts. with a synthesis wastewater contg. activated sludge were conducted in a cross-flow system to evaluate the effects of pre-ozonation on ceramic membrane biofouling. Result of flux tests show that pre-ozonation aggravated biofouling at the early stage, but alleviated the biofouling at the late stage. In situ FTIR spectra show that the aggravated biofouling with pre-ozonation was mainly caused by the enhanced complexation between phosphate group from DNA and Al2O3 surface and the increased rigid of proteins' structure. At the early stage, more severe pore blockage further substantiated the higher permeate resistance. By contrast, more dead cells were obsd. on membrane surface at the late stage, indicating the prevention of biofouling development after long-term pre-ozonation. Addnl., the structures and compns. of cake layers at the early and late stages exhibited considerable differences accompanied by the variation in microbial community with the evolution of biofouling. Therefore, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of pre-ozonation in biofouling in long-term operation and provides mechanistic insights into the evolution of biofouling on ceramic membrane.
预臭氧与陶瓷膜过滤相结合已被广泛用于减轻膜污染。 然而,关于预臭氧在陶瓷膜生物污损演变中的效率和潜在机制的信息有限。 在此,过滤expt。与合成废水续量。在错流系统中进行活性污泥,以评估预臭氧对陶瓷膜生物污损的影响。 通量测试结果表明,前臭氧化在早期加剧了生物污损,但在后期减轻了生物污损。 原位傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,预臭氧化作用导致生物污染加剧的主要原因是DNA与Al2O3表面磷酸基团络合增强和蛋白质结构刚性增加。 在早期阶段,更严重的孔隙堵塞进一步证实了更高的渗透阻力。 相比之下,更多的死细胞被obsd。在膜表面后期,表明长期预臭氧化后可防止生物污垢的发展。 Addnl.,结构和组成。早期和晚期的滤饼层表现出相当大的差异,并伴随着微生物群落的变化和生物污垢的演变。 因此,本工作证明了预臭氧在长期运行中生物污损的有效性,并为陶瓷膜上生物污垢的演变提供了机理见解。 - 8Du, J. Y.; Wang, C.; Zhao, Z. W.; Chen, R.; Zhang, P. F.; Cui, F. Y. Effect of vacuum ultraviolet/ozone pretreatment on alleviation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by algal extracellular and intracellular organic matter. ChemosphereIF 8.8SCIEJCI 1.55Q1环境科学与生态学2区Top2022, 305, 135455, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135455
杜建彦;王,C.;赵志伟;陈,R.;张,P.F.;真空紫外/臭氧预处理对缓解藻类细胞外和细胞内有机物引起的超滤膜污染的影响.化学圈2022, 305, 135455, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.1354558https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XhsF2qsrnP&md5=26ba12e172eb505a881aae8f611b9b35Effect of vacuum ultraviolet/ozone pretreatment on alleviation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by algal extracellular and intracellular organic matter
真空紫外/臭氧预处理对缓解藻类细胞外和细胞内有机质引起的超滤膜污染的影响Du, Jinying; Wang, Chuang; Zhao, Zhiwei; Chen, Rui; Zhang, Pengfei; Cui, Fuyi
杜金英;王闯;赵志伟;陈芮;张鹏飞;崔福义Chemosphere (2022), 305 (), 135455CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN:0045-6535. (Elsevier Ltd.)
化学圈 (2022), 305 (), 135455CODEN: CMSHAF;国际标准刊号:0045-6535.(爱思唯尔有限公司)Algal blooms in source water can cause algal org. matter (AOM)-related membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Herein, the effects of vacuum UV/ozone (VUV/O3) pretreatment on alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by AOM, including extracellular org. matter (EOM) and intracellular org. matter (IOM), were investigated systematically. Compared to its sub-processes (UV/O3, O3, VUV, and UV), VUV/O3 pretreatment showed the best performance on AOM removal and membrane fouling mitigation. After VUV/O3 pretreatment, the DOC of EOM and IOM in feed decreased by 51.1% and 26.7%, resp., and fluorescence components and UV254 of EOM and IOM in feed decreased obviously. Hence, the final specific fluxes of the membranes increased significantly under the impacts of VUV/O3, and VUV/O3 achieved 89.5% and 97.2% mitigation of reversible fouling caused by EOM and IOM, resp. VUV/O3 pretreatment also reduced the foulants on membrane surface and surface roughness. Moreover, under the effects of reactive oxygen species oxidn., VUV photolysis, and direct O3 oxidn., VUV/O3 decreased org. load and changed the mol. wt. distribution, hydrophilicity, and interaction-free energy of AOM, thus mitigating membrane fouling. Furthermore, the effects of O3 dosage and mol. wt. cut-off of ultrafiltration membrane on membrane fouling mitigation by VUV/O3 were also investigated. All results highlighted that VUV/O3 pretreatment had huge potential in mitigating AOM-induced membrane fouling.
水源中的藻华会导致饮用水处理中的藻类组织物质 (AOM) 相关膜污染。 本文系统研究了真空UV/臭氧(VUV/O3)预处理对缓解AOM引起的超滤膜污染的影响,包括细胞外组织物质(EOM)和细胞内组织物质(IOM)。 与其子工艺(UV/O3、O3、VUV和UV)相比,VUV/O3预处理在AOM去除和膜污染缓解方面表现出最佳性能。 VUV/O3预处理后,饲料中EOM和IOM的DOC分别下降了51.1%和26.7%,饲料中EOM和IOM的荧光成分和UV254明显下降。 因此,在VUV/O3的影响下,膜的最终比通量显著增加,VUV/O3分别减轻了EOM和IOM引起的可逆结垢,分别为89.5%和97.2%。 VUV/O3预处理还降低了膜表面的污垢和表面粗糙度。 此外,在活性氧氧化、UV光解和直接O3氧化作用下,VUV/O3降低了AOM的组织负荷,改变了AOM的摩尔重量分布、亲水性和无相互作用能,从而减轻了膜污染。 此外,还研究了超滤膜的O3用量和摩尔重量对VUV/O3缓解膜结垢的影响。 所有结果都表明,VUV/O3预处理在缓解AOM诱导的膜污染方面具有巨大的潜力。 - 9Yu, W.; Liu, T.; Crawshaw, J.; Liu, T.; Graham, N. Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membrane fouling by natural organic matter: Mechanisms and mitigation by pre-ozonation and pH. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 139, 353– 362, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.025
俞,W.;刘婷婷;克劳肖,J.;刘婷婷;Graham, N.天然有机物的超滤和纳滤膜污染:预臭氧和pH值的机制和缓解。水研究 2018, 139, 353– 362, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.0259https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXns1WmsLs%253D&md5=420aabcd3a3d86d667c671cfbf6ea2f5Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membrane fouling by natural organic matter: Mechanisms and mitigation by pre-ozonation and pH
天然有机物对超滤和纳滤膜污染:预臭氧和pH值的机制和缓解Yu, Wenzheng; Liu, Teng; Crawshaw, John; Liu, Ting; Graham, Nigel
俞文正;刘腾;克劳肖,约翰;刘婷;格雷厄姆,奈杰尔Water Research (2018), 139 (), 353-362CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2018), 139 (), 353-362CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)The fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes during the treatment of surface waters continues to be of concern and the particular role of natural org. matter (NOM) requires further investigation. In this study the effect of pH and surface charge on membrane fouling during the treatment of samples of a representative surface water (Hyde Park recreational lake) were evaluated, together with the impact of pre-ozonation. While biopolymers in the surface water could be removed by the UF membrane, smaller mol. wt. (MW) fractions of NOM were poorly removed, confirming the importance of membrane pore size. For NF membranes the removal of smaller MW fractions (800Da-10kDa) was less than expected from their pore size; however, nearly all of the hydrophobic, humic-type substances could be removed by the hydrophilic NF membranes for all MW distributions (greater than 90%). The results indicated the importance of the charge and hydrophilic nature of the NOM. Thus, the hydrophilic NF membrane could remove the hydrophobic org. matter, but not the hydrophilic substances. Increasing charge effects (more neg. zeta potentials) with increasing soln. pH were found to enhance orgs. removal and reduce fouling (flux decline), most likely through greater membrane surface repulsion. Pre-ozonation of the surface water increased the hydrophilic fraction and anionic charge of NOM and altered their size distributions. This resulted in a decreased fouling (less flux decline) for the UF and smaller pore NF, but a slight increase in fouling for the larger pore NF. The differences in the NF behavior are believed to relate to the relative sizes of ozonated org. fractions and the NF pores; a similar size of ozonated org. fractions and the NF pores causes significant membrane fouling.
超滤(UF)和纳滤(NF)膜在处理地表水过程中的结垢仍然令人担忧,天然有机物质(NOM)的特殊作用需要进一步研究。 在这项研究中,评估了pH值和表面电荷对代表性地表水(海德公园休闲湖)样品处理过程中膜污染的影响,以及预臭氧的影响。 虽然地表水中的生物聚合物可以被超滤膜去除,但NOM的较小分子重量(MW)部分的去除效果不佳,这证实了膜孔径的重要性。 对于NF膜,较小分子量馏分(800Da-10kDa)的去除量小于其孔径的预期;然而,对于所有MW分布(大于90%),几乎所有的疏水性腐殖质类物质都可以被亲水性NF膜去除。 结果表明了NOM的电荷和亲水性的重要性。 因此,亲水性NF膜可以去除疏水性有机物,但不能去除亲水性物质。 随着溶液pH值的增加,电荷效应的增加(更多的负zeta电位)被发现可以增强组织。去除并减少结垢(通量下降),最有可能是通过更大的膜表面排斥。 地表水的预臭氧化增加了NOM的亲水性分数和阴离子电荷,并改变了它们的尺寸分布。 这导致 UF 和较小孔隙 NF 的结垢减少(通量下降较小),但较大孔隙 NF 的结垢略有增加。 NF行为的差异被认为与臭氧化组织馏分和NF孔隙的相对大小有关;类似规模的臭氧组织。 馏分和 NF 孔会导致明显的膜污垢。 - 10Wang, L.; Song, S.; Xu, L.; Graham, N. J. D.; Yu, W. Z. Beneficial role of pre- and post-ozonation in a low rate biofiltration-ultrafiltration process treating reclaimed water. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 226, 119284, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119284
王玲玲;宋,S.;徐,L.;格雷厄姆,新泽西州;Yu, W. Z.臭氧化前和臭氧后在处理再生水的低速率生物过滤-超滤过程中的有益作用。水研究 2022, 226, 119284, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119284There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 11Jennings, E.; Kremser, A.; Han, L. M.; Reemtsma, T.; Lechtenfeld, O. J. Discovery of polar ozonation byproducts via direct injection of effluent organic matter with online LC-FT-ICR-MS. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 56 (3), 1894– 1904, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04310
詹宁斯,E.;克雷姆瑟,A.;韩,L.M.;雷姆茨玛,T.;Lechtenfeld, O. J.通过在线LC-FT-ICR-MS直接注入废水有机物发现极性臭氧化副产物。环境。科学技术.2022, 56 (3), 1894– 1904, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c0431011https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XlvVCjtg%253D%253D&md5=612f9cbdc1d13d9f3af1c3c92ebc33c8Discovery of polar ozonation byproducts via direct injection of effluent organic matter with online LC-FT-ICR-MS
通过在线LC-FT-ICR-MS直接注入流出有机物发现极性臭氧化副产物Jennings, Elaine; Kremser, Arina; Han, Limei; Reemtsma, Thorsten; Lechtenfeld, Oliver J.
詹宁斯,伊莱恩;畏缩,阿琳娜;他,利梅;雷姆斯玛,托尔斯滕;莱希滕菲尔德,奥利弗 J.Environmental Science & Technology (2022), 56 (3), 1894-1904CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:1520-5851. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2022), 56 (3), 1894-1904CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:1520-5851.(美国化学学会)Effluent org. matter (EfOM), a major ozone consumer during wastewater ozonation, is a complex mixt. of natural and anthropogenic org. mols. Ozonation of EfOM adds to mol. complexity by introducing polar and potentially mobile ozonation byproducts (OBPs). Currently, nontargeted direct infusion (DI) ultrahigh resoln. mass spectrometry (e.g. FT-ICR-MS) is used to study OBPs but requires sample extn., limiting the accessible polarity range of OBPs. To better understand the impact of ozonation on EfOM and the formation of polar OBPs, nonextd. effluent was analyzed by direct injection onto a reversed-phase liq. chromatog. system (RP-LC) online hyphenated with an FT-ICR-MS. Over four times more OBPs were detected in nonextd. EfOM compared to effluent extd. with solid phase extn. and measured with DI-FT-ICR-MS (13817 vs 3075). Over 1500 highly oxygenated OBPs were detected exclusively in early eluting fractions of nonextd. EfOM, indicating polar OBPs. Oxygenation of these newly discovered OBPs is higher than previously found, with an av. mol. DBE-O value of -3.3 and O/C ratio of 0.84 in the earliest eluting OBP fractions. These polar OBPs are consistently lost during extn. but may play an important role in understanding the environmental impact of ozonated EfOM. Moreover, 316 mol. formulas classified as nonreactive to ozone in DI-FT-ICR-MS can be identified with LC-FT-ICR-MS as isomers with varying degrees of reactivity, providing for the first time exptl. evidence of differential reactivity of complex org. matter isomers with ozone.
废水组织物质 (EfOM) 是废水臭氧化过程中的主要臭氧消耗者,是一种复杂的混合物。自然和人为组织。 EfOM的臭氧化通过引入极性和潜在的移动性臭氧化副产物(OBP)增加了分子复杂性。 目前,非靶向直接输注(DI)超高分辨率。质谱法(例如 FT-ICR-MS)用于研究 OBP,但需要样品扩展,这限制了 OBP 的可接近极性范围。 为了更好地了解臭氧化对 EfOM 的影响和极性 OBP 的形成,nonextd.通过直接注入反相液化色谱仪来分析流出物。系统 (RP-LC) 与 FT-ICR-MS 联机连接。 在nonextd中检测到的OBP数量增加了四倍以上。EfOM 与出水 extd 相比。固相 extn。并使用 DI-FT-ICR-MS 测量 (13817 与 3075)。 超过 1500 个高氧 OBP 仅在 nonext 的早期洗脱馏分中检测到。EfOM,表示极性 OBP。 这些新发现的OBP的氧合比以前发现的要高,在最早的洗脱OBP级分中,平均摩尔DBE-O值为-3.3,O/C比为0.84。 这些极性 OBP 在 extn 期间始终丢失。但可能在了解臭氧化 EfOM 对环境的影响方面发挥重要作用。 此外,在DI-FT-ICR-MS中被归类为对臭氧不反应的316摩尔式可以用LC-FT-ICR-MS鉴定为具有不同反应程度的异构体,首次提供了复杂组织物质异构体与臭氧反应性差异的证据。 - 12Phungsai, P.; Kurisu, F.; Kasuga, I.; Furumai, H. Changes in dissolved organic matter composition and disinfection byproduct precursors in advanced drinking water treatment processes. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 52 (6), 3392– 3401, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04765
丰赛,P.;栗树,F.;春日,I.;Furumai, H.先进饮用水处理工艺中溶解有机物组成和消毒副产物前体的变化。环境。科学技术.2018, 52 (6), 3392– 3401, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b0476512https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXjtVemurk%253D&md5=7f763252275b4c420cda1a79feab6d19Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in Advanced Drinking Water Treatment Processes
先进饮用水处理工艺中溶解有机物组成和消毒副产物前体的变化Phungsai, Phanwatt; Kurisu, Futoshi; Kasuga, Ikuro; Furumai, Hiroaki
Phungsai,Phanwatt;栗树,Futoshi;春日,井郎;Furumai, Hiroaki(福舞广明)Environmental Science & Technology (2018), 52 (6), 3392-3401CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2018), 52 (6), 3392-3401CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)Mol. changes in dissolved org. matter (DOM) from treatment processes at two drinking water treatment plants in Japan were investigated using unknown screening anal. by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. DOM formulas with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CHO-DOM) were the most abundant class in water samples, and over half of them were commonly found at both plants. Among the treatment processes, ozonization induced the most drastic changes to DOM. Mass peak intensities of less satd. CHO-DOM (pos. (oxygen subtracted double bond equiv. per carbon (DBE-O)/C)) decreased by ozonization, while more satd. oxidn. byproducts (neg. (DBE-O)/C) increased and new oxidn. byproducts (OBPs) were detected. By Kendrick mass anal., ozone reactions preferred less satd. CHO-DOM in the same alkylation families and produced more satd. alkylation families of OBPs. Following ozonization, biol. activated carbon filtration effectively removed <300 Da CHO-DOM, including OBPs. Following chlorination, over 50 chlorinated formulas of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were found in chlorinated water samples where at least half were unknown. Putative precursors of these DBPs were detd. based on electrophilic substitutions and addn. reactions. Ozonization demonstrated better decompn. of addn. reaction-type precursors than electrophilic substitution-type precursors; over half of both precursor types decreased during biol. activated carbon filtration.
使用未知筛选肛门和Orbitrap质谱法研究了日本两家饮用水处理厂处理过程中溶解组织物质(DOM)的摩尔变化。 含有碳、氢和氧的DOM分子(CHO-DOM)是水样中最丰富的一类,其中一半以上在两家工厂都很常见。 在处理过程中,臭氧化诱发了DOM最剧烈的变化。 质量峰强度较低。 CHO-DOM (pos.(氧减去双键当量/碳 (DBE-O)/C)) 因臭氧化而降低,而较高的饱和氧化。副产物(负(DBE-O)/C)增加和新的氧化物。检测到副产物 (OBP)。 通过Kendrick mass anal.,臭氧反应在相同的烷基化家族中倾向于较少的CHO-DOM,并产生更多的OBPs的烷基化家族。 臭氧化后,生物活性炭过滤有效去除<300 Da CHO-DOM,包括OBP。 氯化后,在氯化水样本中发现了50多种氯化消毒副产物(DBPs),其中至少有一半是未知的。 这些DBP的推定前体是detd。基于亲电取代和添加反应。 臭氧化显示出更好的分解。反应型前驱体多于亲电取代型前驱体;在生物活性炭过滤过程中,两种前体类型的一半以上都减少了。 - 13von Gunten, U. Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2003, 37 (7), 1443– 1467, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00457-8
von Gunten,U.饮用水的臭氧化:第一部分氧化动力学和产物形成。水研究 2003, 37 (7), 1443– 1467, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00457-8
13https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3sXhtlGqsr4%253D&md5=a71315929c55e466b0f0f0a8908eebb3Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation
饮用水臭氧:第一部分 氧化动力学和产物形成von Gunten, Urs 冯·冈滕,乌尔斯Water Research (2003), 37 (7), 1443-1467CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)
水研究 (2003), 37 (7), 1443-1467CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔科学有限公司)A review is given. The oxidn. of org. and inorg. compds. during ozonization can occur via ozone or OH radicals or a combination thereof. The oxidn. pathway is detd. by the ratio of ozone and OH radical concns. and the corresponding kinetics. A huge database with several hundred rate consts. for ozone and a few thousand rate consts. for OH radicals is available. Ozone is an electrophile with a high selectivity. The 2nd-order rate consts. for oxidn. by ozone vary over 10 orders of magnitude, <0.1-7 × 109/M-s. The reactions of ozone with drinking-water relevant inorg. compds. are typically fast and occur by an oxygen atom transfer reaction. Org. micropollutants are oxidized with ozone selectively. Ozone reacts mainly with double bonds, activated arom. systems and non-protonated amines. In general, electron-donating groups enhance the oxidn. by ozone whereas electron-withdrawing groups reduce the reaction rates. The kinetics of direct ozone reactions depend strongly on the speciation (acid-base, metal complexation). The reaction of OH radicals with the majority of inorg. and org. compds. is nearly diffusion-controlled. The degree of oxidn. by ozone and OH radicals is given by the corresponding kinetics. Product formation from the ozonation of org. micropollutants in aq. systems has only been established for a few compds.
进行了审查。 氧化物。组织和组织。compds。在臭氧化过程中,可以通过臭氧或OH自由基或其组合发生。 氧化物。途径是 detd。通过臭氧和OH自由基浓度的比例。以及相应的动力学。 一个庞大的数据库,有几百个速率常数。对于臭氧和几千个速率常数。可用于 OH 自由基。 臭氧是一种具有高选择性的亲电试剂。 二阶速率恒定。对于氧化物。臭氧变化超过10个数量级,<0.1-7×109/M-s。 臭氧与饮用水的反应相关组织。compds。通常速度快,并通过氧原子转移反应发生。 组织微污染物被臭氧选择性氧化。 臭氧主要与双键、活化物反应。系统和非质子化胺。 一般来说,供电子基团增强了氧化物。通过臭氧,而吸电子基团会降低反应速率。 直接臭氧反应的动力学很大程度上取决于形态形成(酸碱、金属络合)。 OH自由基与大多数inorg的反应。和 org. compds.几乎是扩散控制的。 氧化程度。由臭氧和 OH 自由基由相应的动力学给出。 由水溶系统中有机微污染物的臭氧化形成的产物只在少数几个公司中建立。 - 14von Gunten, U. Ozonation of drinking water: Part II. Disinfection and by-product formation in presence of bromide, iodide or chlorine. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2003, 37 (7), 1469– 1487, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00458-X
von Gunten,U.饮用水臭氧化:第二部分。在溴化物、碘化物或氯存在下进行消毒和副产物形成。水研究 2003, 37 (7), 1469– 1487, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00458-X
14https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3sXhtlGqsr8%253D&md5=ba68eddfcd8c59a62e16885393b6f0d5Ozonation of drinking water: Part II. Disinfection and by-product formation in presence of bromide, iodide or chlorine
饮用水臭氧:第二部分。在溴化物、碘化物或氯气存在下进行消毒和副产物形成von Gunten, Urs 冯·冈滕,乌尔斯Water Research (2003), 37 (7), 1469-1487CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)
水研究 (2003), 37 (7), 1469-1487CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔科学有限公司)A review is given. Proper rate consts. for the inactivation of microorganisms are only available for 6 species (E. coli, Bacillus subtilis spores, Rotavirus, Giardia lamblia cysts, Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts). The apparent activation energy for the inactivation of bacteria is in the same order as most chem. reactions (35-50 KJ/mol), whereas it is much higher for the inactivation of protozoa (80 KJ/mol). This requires significantly higher ozone exposures at low temps. to get a similar inactivation for protozoa. Even for the inactivation of resistant microorganisms, OH radicals only play a minor role. Numerous org. and inorg. ozonation disinfection/oxidn. byproducts have been identified. The byproduct of main concern is bromate, which is formed in bromide-contg. waters. A low drinking water std. of 10 μg/L has been set for bromate. Therefore, disinfection and oxidn. processes have to be evaluated to fulfil these criteria. In certain cases, when bromide concns. are above about 50 μg/L, it may be necessary to use control measures to lower bromate formation (lowering of pH, ammonia addn.). Iodate is the main byproduct formed during ozonation of iodide-contg. waters. The reactions involved are direct ozone oxidns. Iodate is considered non-problematic because it is transformed back to iodide endogenically. Chloride cannot be oxidized during ozonation processes under drinking water conditions. Chlorate is only formed if a preoxidn. by chlorine and/or chlorine dioxide has occurred.
进行了审查。 适当的费率常数。微生物的灭活仅适用于6种(大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌孢子,轮状病毒,蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫包囊,贾第鞭毛虫包囊,小隐孢子虫卵囊)。 细菌灭活的表观活化能与大多数化学反应的顺序相同(35-50 KJ/mol),而原生动物灭活的表观活化能要高得多(80 KJ/mol)。 这需要在低温下明显增加臭氧暴露。以获得类似的原生动物失活。 即使对于耐药微生物的灭活,OH自由基也只起次要作用。 众多组织和组织。臭氧消毒/氧化。已确定副产品。 主要关注的副产品是溴酸盐,它是在溴化物中形成的。水域。 溴酸盐的饮用水标准含量为10微克/升。 因此,消毒和氧化。必须对流程进行评估以满足这些标准。 在某些情况下,当溴化物凝结时。高于约50μg/L时,可能需要采取控制措施来降低溴酸盐的形成(降低pH值,添加氨)。 碘酸盐是碘化物-contg臭氧化过程中形成的主要副产物。水域。 涉及的反应是直接臭氧氧化物。 碘酸盐被认为是没有问题的,因为它在内源性上转化回碘化物。 在饮用水条件下,氯化物在臭氧化过程中不会被氧化。 氯酸盐仅在预氧化物中形成。由氯和/或二氧化氯发生。 - 15Wenk, J.; Aeschbacher, M.; Salhi, E.; Canonica, S.; von Gunten, U.; Sander, M. Chemical oxidation of dissolved organic matter by chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and ozone: Effects on its optical and antioxidant properties. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2013, 47 (19), 11147– 11156, DOI: 10.1021/es402516b
温克,J.;埃施巴赫,M.;萨利希,E.;卡诺尼卡,S.;von Gunten,美国;Sander, M.二氧化氯、氯和臭氧对溶解有机物的化学氧化:对其光学和抗氧化性能的影响。环境。Sci. Technol.2013, 47 (19), 11147– 11156, DOI: 10.1021/es402516b15https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhtleksbbE&md5=11bda373fa816d65351e83e1b8e3b9f1Chemical Oxidation of Dissolved Organic Matter by Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorine, and Ozone: Effects on Its Optical and Antioxidant Properties
二氧化氯、氯和臭氧对溶解有机物的化学氧化:对其光学和抗氧化性能的影响Wenk, Jannis; Aeschbacher, Michael; Salhi, Elisabeth; Canonica, Silvio; von Gunten, Urs; Sander, Michael
温克,詹尼斯;埃施巴赫,迈克尔;萨利希,伊丽莎白;卡诺尼卡,西尔维奥;冯·冈滕,乌尔斯;桑德,迈克尔Environmental Science & Technology (2013), 47 (19), 11147-11156CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2013), 47 (19), 11147-11156CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)In water treatment dissolved org. matter (DOM) is typically the major sink for chem. oxidants. The resulting changes in DOM, such as its optical properties have been measured to follow the oxidn. processes. However, such measurements contain only limited information on the changes in the oxidn. states of and the reactive moieties in the DOM. We used mediated electrochem. oxidn. to quantify changes in the electron donating capacities (EDCs), and hence the redox states, of 3 different types of DOM during oxidn. with ClO2, Cl (as HOCl/OCl-), and O3. Treatment with ClO2 and HOCl resulted in comparable and prominent decreases in EDCs, while the UV light absorbances of the DOM decreased only slightly. Conversely, ozonization resulted in only small decreases of the EDCs but pronounced absorbance losses of the DOM. These results suggest that ClO2 and HOCl primarily reacted as oxidants by accepting electrons from electron-rich phenolic and hydroquinone moieties in the DOM, while O3 reacted via electrophilic addn. to arom. moieties, followed by ring cleavage. This study highlights the potential of combined EDC-UV measurements to monitor chem. oxidn. of DOM, to assess the nature of the reactive moieties and to study the underlying reaction pathways.
在水处理中,溶解物质(DOM)通常是化学氧化剂的主要汇。 DOM由此产生的变化,例如其光学特性,已被测量为跟随氧化物。过程。 然而,这种测量仅包含有关氧化物变化的有限信息。DOM 中的状态和反应部分。 我们使用了介导的电化学。氧化。量化氧化过程中 3 种不同类型 DOM 的电子供体能力 (EDC) 的变化,从而量化氧化还原状态的变化。与 ClO2、Cl(作为 HOCl/OCl-)和 O3。 ClO2和HOCl处理后,EDCs显著降低,而DOM的紫外光吸光度仅略有下降。 相反,臭氧化仅导致EDCs的小幅降低,但DOM的吸光度损失明显。 这些结果表明,ClO2和HOCl主要通过接受DOM中富电子酚和对苯二酚部分的电子作为氧化剂反应,而O3则通过亲电添加反应到arom。部分,然后是环解理。 这项研究强调了EDC-UV组合测量在监测化学氧化物方面的潜力。,以评估反应部分的性质并研究潜在的反应途径。 - 16Remucal, C. K.; Salhi, E.; Walpen, N.; von Gunten, U. Molecular-level transformation of dissolved organic matter during oxidation by ozone and hydroxyl radical. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (16), 10351– 10360, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03052
雷穆卡尔,C.K.;萨利希,E.;沃尔彭,N.;von Gunten,U.臭氧和羟基自由基氧化过程中溶解有机物的分子水平转化。环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (16), 10351– 10360, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c0305216https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhsVegt7zE&md5=f98f8139a31c6facb1fd377748fb2c28Molecular-level transformation of dissolved organic matter during oxidation by ozone and hydroxyl radical
臭氧和羟基自由基氧化过程中溶解有机物的分子水平转化Remucal, Christina K.; Salhi, Elisabeth; Walpen, Nicolas; von Gunten, Urs
雷穆卡尔,克里斯蒂娜 K.;萨利希,伊丽莎白;沃尔彭,尼古拉斯;冯·冈滕,乌尔斯Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (16), 10351-10360CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2020), 54 (16), 10351-10360CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)Ozonation of drinking and wastewater relies on ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) as oxidants. Both oxidants react with dissolved org. matter (DOM) and alter its compn., but the selectivity of the two oxidants and mechanisms of reactivity with DOM moieties are largely unknown. The reactions of O3 and •OH with two DOM isolates were studied by varying specific ozone doses (0.1-1.3 mg-O3/mg-C) at pH 7. Addnl., conditions that favor O3 (i.e., addn. of an •OH scavenger) or •OH (i.e., pH 11) were investigated. Ozonation decreases aromaticity, apparent mol. wt., and electron donating capacity (EDC) of DOM with large changes obsd. when O3 is the main oxidant (e.g., EDC decreases 63-77% for 1.3 mg-O3/mg-C). Both O3 and •OH react with highly arom., reduced formulas detected using high-resoln. mass spectrometry (O:C = 0.48 ± 0.12; H:C = 1.06 ± 0.23), while •OH also oxidizes more satd. formulas (H:C = 1.64 ± 0.26). Established reactions between model compds. and O3 (e.g., addn. of one to two oxygen atoms) or •OH (e.g., addn. of one oxygen atom and decarboxylation) are obsd. and produce highly oxidized DOM (O:C > 1.0). This study provides mol.-level evidence for the selectivity of O3 as an oxidant within DOM.
饮用水和废水的臭氧化依赖于臭氧(O3)和羟基自由基(•OH)作为氧化剂。 两种氧化剂都与溶解的有机物(DOM)反应并改变其成分,但两种氧化剂的选择性和与DOM部分的反应机制在很大程度上是未知的。 在pH 7下,通过不同特定臭氧剂量(0.1-1.3 mg-O3/mg-C)研究了O3和•OH与两种DOM分离株的反应。 此外,研究了有利于 O3(即添加 •OH 清除剂)或 •OH(即 pH 值 11)的条件。 臭氧化作用降低了DOM的芳香性、表观摩尔重量和电子供体能力(EDC),并随着obsd的变化而降低。当 O3 是主要氧化剂时(例如,1.3 mg-O3/mg-C 时,EDC 降低 63-77%)。 O3 和 •OH 都与高浓度反应,使用高溶解检测还原式。质谱法(O:C = 0.48 ± 0.12;H:C = 1.06 ± 0.23),而 •OH 也氧化更多饱和的分子式 (H:C = 1.64 ± 0.26)。 模型复合之间建立的反应。O3(例如,添加一到两个氧原子)或•OH(例如,添加一个氧原子并脱羧)是obsd。并产生高度氧化的 DOM (O:C > 1.0)。 本研究为 O3 作为 DOM 中氧化剂的选择性提供了分子水平的证据。 - 17Camel, V.; Bermond, A. The use of ozone and associated oxidation processes in drinking water treatment. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top1998, 32 (11), 3208– 3222, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00130-4
骆驼,V.;Bermond, A.臭氧和相关氧化过程在饮用水处理中的应用。水研究 1998, 32 (11), 3208– 3222, DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00130-4
17https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1cXmslaqtrs%253D&md5=cd3b8501013d0719470cdc43fa41fb5fThe use of ozone and associated oxidation processes in drinking water treatment
臭氧和相关氧化过程在饮用水处理中的应用Camel, V.; Bermond, A. 骆驼,V.;伯蒙德,A.Water Research (1998), 32 (11), 3208-3222CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Science Ltd.)
水研究 (1998), 32 (11), 3208-3222CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔科学有限公司)A review, with many refs., summarizes the main applications of ozonization and assocd. oxidn. processes in the treatment of surface water and groundwater for drinking water prodn. Oxidants may be added at several points throughout the treatment: pre-oxidn., intermediate oxidn. or final disinfection. So, the numerous effects of chem. oxidn. are discussed along the water treatment: removal of inorg. species, aid to the coagulation-flocculation process, degrdn. of org. matter and disinfection. Of prime importance in potable water prodn. is the removal of org. matter (natural humic substances, as well as micropollutants, esp. pesticides) to avoid degrdn. of the distributed water (mainly bad odors and tastes; formation of disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes; microbial regrowth in the distribution system). Consequently, this point has been particularly detailed. Complete mineralization hardly occurs during the process; as a consequence, further treatment (i.e. sand or granular activated C filtration) is required to improve the distributed water quality, and to meet the drinking water regulations.
一篇综述,包括许多参考文献,总结了臭氧化和臭氧化的主要应用。氧化。地表水和地下水的处理工艺用于饮用水生产。 在整个治疗过程中,可以在几个点添加氧化剂:前氧化剂、中间氧化剂。或最终消毒。 因此,化学氧化剂的众多影响。沿着水处理进行讨论:去除 inorg。物种,助于凝固-絮凝过程,degrdn。组织物质和消毒。 在饮用水生产中至关重要。是去除有机物质(天然腐殖质物质,以及微污染物,特别是杀虫剂)以避免脱落。分布的水(主要是难闻的气味和味道;形成消毒副产物,如三卤甲烷;分配系统中的微生物再生)。 因此,这一点特别详细。 在此过程中几乎不会发生完全矿化;因此,需要进一步处理(即沙子或颗粒活性C过滤)以改善分布式水质,并满足饮用水法规。 - 18Headley, J. V.; Kumar, P.; Dalai, A.; Peru, K. M.; Bailey, J.; McMartin, D. W.; Rowland, S. M.; Rodgers, R. P.; Marshall, A. G. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry characterization of treated Athabasca oil sands processed waters. Energy FuelsIF 5.3SCIEJCI 0.66Q1工程技术3区2015, 29 (5), 2768– 2773, DOI: 10.1021/ef502007b
海德利,J.V.;库马尔,P.;达赖,A.;秘鲁,K.M.;贝利,J.;麦克马丁,DW;罗兰,SM;罗杰斯,RP;Marshall, A. G.傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱表征处理过的阿萨巴斯卡油砂加工水。能源燃料2015, 29 (5), 2768– 2773, DOI: 10.1021/ef502007b18https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhvVygsrjP&md5=a886900067d550434bde1829101028b1Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Characterization of Treated Athabasca Oil Sands Processed Waters
处理过的阿萨巴斯卡油砂加工水的傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱表征Headley, John V.; Kumar, Pardeep; Dalai, Ajay; Peru, Kerry M.; Bailey, Jon; McMartin, Dena W.; Rowland, Steven M.; Rodgers, Ryan P.; Marshall, Alan G.
海德利,约翰五世;库马尔,帕迪普;达赖,阿杰;秘鲁,Kerry M.;贝利,乔恩;麦克马丁,德纳 W.;罗兰,史蒂文 M.;罗杰斯,瑞安 P.;马歇尔,艾伦 G.Energy & Fuels (2015), 29 (5), 2768-2773CODEN: ENFUEM; ISSN:0887-0624. (American Chemical Society)
能源与燃料 (2015), 29 (5), 2768-2773CODEN: ENFUEM;国际标准刊号:0887-0624.(美国化学学会)Ultrahigh-resoln. neg.-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize Athabasca oil sands processed water (OSPW) treated by (A) coagulation flocculent with lime and bentonite, (B) coagulation flocculent with lime and bentonite followed by activated carbon, and (C) combined ozonation and ultrasonication. Treatment A was ineffective in reducing the level of total naphthenic acid fraction components [NAFCs, defined as the acid-extractable fraction of OSPWs or crude oils (CnH2n + zOwSxNy), where the values n, w, x, and y indicate the no. of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms, resp., and z represents the hydrogen atom deficiency because of the presence of double bonds and ring formation]. Likewise, for treatment A, little or no change was obsd. for the double bond equiv. (DBE) distributions of the compd. classes. Treatments B and C resulted in the redn. of total NAFCs by 26 ± 1.4 and 89 ± 1.1%, resp. For the latter treatments, there was evidence for selective removal of the S and OxSy heteroat. species at the mol. level, along with a redn. in the DBE values for all species.
超高分辨率。采用负离子电喷雾电离傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS)表征了阿萨巴斯卡油砂处理水(OSPW),该水采用(A)石灰和膨润土混凝絮凝剂,(B)石灰和膨润土混凝絮凝,然后用活性炭处理,(C)臭氧化和超声波联合处理。 处理 A 在降低总环烷酸组分 [NAFC,定义为 OSPW 或原油的酸可萃取部分 (CnH2n + zOwSxNy) 的水平方面无效,其中值 n、w、x 和 y 表示碳、氧、硫和氮原子的数量,resp.,z 表示由于存在双键和环形成而导致的氢原子缺乏]。 同样,对于治疗 A,几乎没有变化。对于复合类的双键等价物 (DBE) 分布。 处理 B 和 C 导致 redn。北美资产期货总量增加26家±1.4%,89家±1.1%,或1.1%。 对于后一种处理,有证据表明选择性去除 S 和 OxSy。分子水平的物种,以及 Redn。在所有物种的 DBE 值中。 - 19Scholes, R. C.; King, J. F.; Mitch, W. A.; Sedlak, D. L. Transformation of trace organic contaminants from reverse osmosis concentrate by open-water unit-process wetlands with and without ozone pretreatment. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (24), 16176– 16185, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04406
斯科尔斯,RC;金,J.F.;米奇,WA;Sedlak, D. L.通过开放水域单元工艺湿地在有和没有臭氧预处理的情况下转化反渗透浓缩物中的痕量有机污染物。环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (24), 16176– 16185, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c0440619https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXisVGhu7bF&md5=306159352fefb5abcfcb2b1a97410294Transformation of trace organic contaminants from reverse osmosis concentrate by open-water unit-process wetlands with and without ozone pretreatment
开放水域单元工艺湿地对反渗透浓缩物微量有机污染物的转化,无论是否进行臭氧预处理Scholes, Rachel C.; King, Jacob F.; Mitch, William A.; Sedlak, David L.
斯科尔斯,雷切尔 C.;国王,雅各布 F.;米奇,威廉 A.;塞德拉克,大卫 L.Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (24), 16176-16185CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2020), 54 (24), 16176-16185CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)Reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of municipal wastewater effluent is becoming more common as water reuse is implemented in water-stressed regions. Where RO conc. is discharged with limited diln., concns. of trace org. contaminants could pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. To provide a low-cost option for removing trace org. compds. from RO conc., a pilot-scale treatment system comprising open-water unit-process wetlands with and without ozone pretreatment was studied over a 2-yr period. A suite of ecotoxicol. relevant org. contaminants was partially removed via photo- and bio-transformations, including β-adrenergic blockers, antivirals, antibiotics, and pesticides. Biotransformation rates were as fast as or up to approx. 50% faster than model predictions based upon data from open-water wetlands that treated municipal wastewater effluent. Phototransformation rates were comparable to or as much as 60% slower than those predicted by models that accounted for light penetration and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Several compds. were transformed during ozone pretreatment that were poorly removed in the open-water wetland. The combined treatment system resulted in a decrease in the risk quotients of trace org. contaminants in the RO conc., but still diln. may be required to protect sensitive species from urban-use pesticides with low environmental effect concns.
随着水资源紧张地区实施水回用,城市废水出水的反渗透 (RO) 处理变得越来越普遍。 当RO浓度以有限的浓度排出时,浓度。微量污染物可能对水生生态系统构成风险。 为删除跟踪组织组件提供低成本选项。从RO conc.开始,在2年的时间里研究了一种中试规模的处理系统,该系统包括开放水域单元处理湿地,有和没有臭氧预处理。 一套生态毒理学。通过光转化和生物转化,包括β肾上腺素能阻滞剂、抗病毒药物、抗生素和杀虫剂,部分去除了相关的组织污染物。 生物转化率与基于处理城市废水的开放水域湿地数据的模型预测一样快或快约 50%。 光转化率与考虑光穿透和活性氧清除的模型预测的速率相当或慢60%。 几个compds。在臭氧预处理过程中转化,在开阔水域湿地中去除效果不佳。 联合处理系统导致RO浓度中痕量污染物的风险商数降低,但仍呈下降趋势。可能需要保护敏感物种免受城市使用杀虫剂的侵害,这些杀虫剂对环境的影响很小。 - 20Hubner, U.; von Gunten, U.; Jekel, M. Evaluation of the persistence of transformation products from ozonation of trace organic compounds: A critical review. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2015, 68, 150– 170, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.051
美国胡布纳;von Gunten,美国;Jekel, M.微量有机化合物臭氧转化产物的持久性评估:批判性综述。水研究 2015, 68, 150– 170, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.051There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 21Papageorgiou, A.; Voutsa, D.; Papadakis, N. Occurrence and fate of ozonation by-products at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Sci. Total Environ.IF 9.8SCIEJCI 1.68Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2014, 481, 392– 400, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.069
帕帕乔吉乌,A.;武察,D.;Papadakis, N.全尺寸饮用水处理厂臭氧化副产物的发生和归宿。Sci. Total Environ.2014, 481, 392– 400, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.06921https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXmtVWlu70%253D&md5=cc25f743eb20af754605612b81b94ea0Occurrence and fate of ozonation by-products at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant
大型饮用水处理厂臭氧化副产物的发生和归宿Papageorgiou, A.; Voutsa, D.; Papadakis, N.
帕帕乔吉乌,A.;武察,D.;帕帕达基斯,N.Science of the Total Environment (2014), 481 (), 392-400CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)
整体环境科学 (2014), 481 (), 392-400CODEN: STENDL;国际标准刊号:0048-9697.(爱思唯尔 B.V.)Occurrence and fate of carbonyl compds. as ozonation byproducts at a full scale drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) were studied for 1 yr. Raw water and post-treatment samples (pre-ozonation, coagulation/flocculation, sand filtration, main ozonation, granular activated C filtration, chlorination) were collected monthly. Pre-ozonation formed carbonyl compds. at 67.3 ± 43.3 μg/L as the sum of 14 carbonyl compds.; lower concns. were detd. following the main ozonation process, 32.8 ± 22.3 μg/L. Dominant compds. were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and Me glyoxal, contributing 65% of total carbonyl content. Dissolved org. C reactivity for carbonyl compd. formation varied throughout the year, exhibiting higher values in spring. Coagulation/flocculation and sand filtration significantly removed (64-80%) carbonyl compds. formed in the pre-ozonation step. Granular activated C filtration removal efficiency exhibited great variation, 15-62%. Carbonyl compd. concns. in finished water were low, close to detection limits, showed the efficiency of DWTP in removing this class of ozonation byproducts.
羰基化合物的发生和归宿。作为全尺寸饮用水处理厂 (DWTP) 的臭氧化副产物研究了 1 年。 每月收集原水和后处理样品(预臭氧化、混凝/絮凝、砂过滤、主臭氧化、颗粒活性 C 过滤、氯化)。 预臭氧形成羰基化合物。在 67.3 ± 43.3 μg/L 时,为 14 个羰基化合物的总和;较低的浓度。是detd。在主要臭氧化过程之后,32.8 ± 22.3 μg/L。 占主导地位的竞争者。甲醛、乙醛、乙二醛和乙二醛占总羰基含量的65%。 羰基化合物形成的溶解性组织C反应性全年变化,在春季表现出更高的值。 混凝/絮凝和砂过滤显著去除(64-80%)羰基化合物。在预臭氧化步骤中形成。 颗粒活性C过滤去除效率差异较大,为15-62%。 羰基化合物在成品水中含量低,接近检测限,表明DWTP在去除这类臭氧化副产物方面的效率很高。 - 22Sun, W.; Lu, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Shi, B.; Wang, H. Ozone and fenton oxidation affected the bacterial community and opportunistic pathogens in biofilms and effluents from GAC. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 218, 118495, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118495
孙,W.;卢,Z.;张志强;张勇;石,B.;Wang、H.Ozone和Fenton氧化影响了GAC生物膜和废水中的细菌群落和机会性病原体。水研究 2022, 218, 118495, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118495There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 23Ratzke, C.; Barrere, J.; Gore, J. Strength of species interactions determines biodiversity and stability in microbial communities. Nat. Ecol. Evol.IF 16.8SCIEJCI 3.93Q1生物学1区Top2020, 4, 376– 383, DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1099-4
拉茨克,C.;巴雷尔,J.;Gore, J.物种相互作用的强度决定了微生物群落的生物多样性和稳定性。Nat. Ecol. Evol.2020, 4, 376– 383, DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1099-423https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BB387gsFWqtA%253D%253D&md5=1300026b85935909ddb38ad2b9172093Strength of species interactions determines biodiversity and stability in microbial communities
物种相互作用的强度决定了微生物群落的生物多样性和稳定性Ratzke Christoph; Barrere Julien; Gore Jeff; Barrere Julien
拉茨克·克里斯托夫;巴雷尔·朱利安;戈尔·杰夫;巴雷尔·朱利安Nature ecology & evolution (2020), 4 (3), 376-383 ISSN:.
自然生态学与进化 (2020), 4 (3), 376-383 ISSN:.Organisms-especially microbes-tend to live together in ecosystems. While some of these ecosystems are very biodiverse, others are not, and while some are very stable over time, others undergo strong temporal fluctuations. Despite a long history of research and a plethora of data, it is not fully understood what determines the biodiversity and stability of ecosystems. Theory and experiments suggest a connection between species interaction, biodiversity and the stability of ecosystems, where an increase in ecosystem stability with biodiversity could be observed in several cases. However, what causes these connections remains unclear. Here, we show in microbial ecosystems in the laboratory that the concentrations of available nutrients can set the strength of interactions between bacteria. High nutrient concentrations allowed the bacteria to strongly alter the chemical environment, causing on average more negative interactions between species. These stronger interactions excluded more species from the community, resulting in a loss of biodiversity. At the same time, the stronger interactions also decreased the stability of the microbial communities, providing a mechanistic link between species interaction, biodiversity and stability in microbial ecosystems.
生物体,尤其是微生物,往往在生态系统中共同生活。 虽然其中一些生态系统具有很强的生物多样性,但其他生态系统则不然,虽然有些生态系统随着时间的推移非常稳定,但其他生态系统则经历了强烈的时间波动。 尽管有着悠久的研究历史和大量数据,但尚未完全了解是什么决定了生态系统的生物多样性和稳定性。 理论和实验表明,物种相互作用、生物多样性和生态系统稳定性之间存在联系,在一些情况下,可以观察到生态系统稳定性随着生物多样性的增加而增加。 然而,导致这些联系的原因尚不清楚。 在这里,我们在实验室的微生物生态系统中表明,可用营养物质的浓度可以决定细菌之间相互作用的强度。 高营养浓度使细菌强烈改变化学环境,平均导致物种之间的负面相互作用更多。 这些更强的相互作用将更多的物种排除在群落之外,导致生物多样性的丧失。 同时,更强的相互作用也降低了微生物群落的稳定性,为物种相互作用、生物多样性和微生物生态系统稳定性提供了机制联系。 - 24Desmond, P.; Best, J. P.; Morgenroth, E.; Derlon, N. Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 132, 211– 221, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.058
德斯蒙德,P.;最佳,J.P.;摩根罗斯,E.;Derlon, N.将细胞外聚合物物质(EPS)的组成与膜生物膜的物理结构和水力阻力联系起来。水研究 2018, 132, 211– 221, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.05824https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXntlGntg%253D%253D&md5=8ad69e3d237d15096e8844ad9229fcc5Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms
将细胞外聚合物物质(EPS)的组成与膜生物膜的物理结构和耐水力联系起来Desmond, Peter; Best, James P.; Morgenroth, Eberhard; Derlon, Nicolas
德斯蒙德,彼得;最佳,詹姆斯 P.;摩根罗斯,埃伯哈德;德隆,尼古拉斯Water Research (2018), 132 (), 211-221CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2018), 132 (), 211-221CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale phys. structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70mbar). Biofilm EPS compn. (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomog. (OCT). Biofilm compn. was analyzed with respect to total org. carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concns. of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterize the functional group compn. and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. Our study reveals that the compn. of the EPS matrix can det. the meso-scale phys. structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous phys. structures with high concns. of polysaccharides and eDNA. Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous phys. structures with lower concns. of polysaccharides and eDNA. For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concns. This study links EPS compn., phys. structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration.
研究了细胞外聚合物物质(EPS)对重力驱动膜(GDM)过滤过程中膜生物膜的介尺度物理结构和水力阻力的影响。 在超低压(70mbar)的死端过滤过程中,在超滤膜表面形成生物膜。 生物膜EPS公司(总蛋白、多糖和 eDNA)通过在对比营养条件下生长的生物膜来操纵。 营养条件包括(i)营养比为100:30:10(C:N:P)的营养富集条件,(ii)磷限制(C:N:P比:100:30:0)和(iii)氮限制(C:N:P比:100:0:10)。 使用光学相干断层扫描在介观尺度上表征生物膜的结构。(10月)。 生物膜成分分析了总组织碳、总细胞质量和细胞外浓度。蛋白质、多糖和 eDNA。采用二维共聚焦拉曼图谱表征官能团组成。以及生物膜EPS的微观分布。 我们的研究表明,compn.EPS基质可以分解膜生物膜的中尺度物理结构,进而降低其水力阻力。 在磷限制条件下生长的生物膜具有致密和均匀的物理结构,具有高浓度。多糖和eDNA。 在营养富集或氮限制条件下生长的生物膜具有异质物理结构的特征,具有较低的浓度。多糖和eDNA。 对于限制磷的生物膜,二维共聚焦拉曼显微镜显示,在具有较高多糖和eDNA浓度的同质生物膜结构中,阴离子官能团具有均匀的空间分布。 本研究将 EPS compn., phys. 膜生物膜的结构和耐水力,与GDM超滤的水力性能具有实际意义。 - 25Desmond, P.; Morgenroth, E.; Derlon, N. Physical structure determines compression of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) ultrafiltration. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 143, 539– 549, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.008
德斯蒙德,P.;摩根罗斯,E.;Derlon, N.物理结构决定了重力驱动膜 (GDM) 超滤过程中膜生物膜的压缩。水研究 2018, 143, 539– 549, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.008There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 26Zhang, L.; Graham, N.; Derlon, N.; Tang, Y.; Siddique, M. S.; Xu, L.; Yu, W. Biofouling by ultra-low pressure filtration of surface water: The paramount role of initial available biopolymers. J. Membr. Sci.IF 9.5SCIEJCI 1.85Q1工程技术1区Top2021, 640, 119740, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119740
张,L.;格雷厄姆,N.;德隆,N.;唐彦;西迪克,MS;徐,L.;Yu, W.通过地表水的超低压过滤进行生物污染:初始可用生物聚合物的首要作用。J.门布尔。Sci.2021, 640, 119740, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.11974026https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3MXhvFCrt77O&md5=3e8eab80565dce0b9576d35cd0537559Biofouling by ultra-low pressure filtration of surface water: The paramount role of initial available biopolymers
通过地表水的超低压过滤进行生物污染:初始可用生物聚合物的首要作用Zhang, Li; Graham, Nigel; Derlon, Nicolas; Tang, Youneng; Siddique, Muhammad Saboor; Xu, Lei; Yu, Wenzheng
张李;格雷厄姆,奈杰尔;德隆,尼古拉斯;唐彦能;西迪克,穆罕默德·萨布尔;徐磊;俞文正Journal of Membrane Science (2021), 640 (), 119740CODEN: JMESDO; ISSN:0376-7388. (Elsevier B.V.)
膜科学学报 (2021), 640 (), 119740CODEN: JMESDO;国际标准刊号:0376-7388.(爱思唯尔 B.V.)Biofouling layer (i.e., biofilm) is an inevitable presence for the membrane filtration processes. In this study, we elucidated biofouling formation from the perspective of affecting the attachment of bacteria for the first time, whereby the role of initial available biopolymers was revealed. Results demonstrated that the presence of initial available biopolymers increased the abundance of the genus Caulobacter, which was capable of mineralizing biopolymers; whereas, for the typically oligotrophic species of Polynucleobacter, it exhibited low abundance. Greater concns. of polysaccharides and proteins were accumulated in the biofouling layer, when provided with initial biopolymers, and the biofilm structure was more heterogeneous with larger pore size and higher thickness. Thereby, the corresponding filtration system exhibited greater permeability and better removal performance of orgs. Collectively, the initial available biopolymers altered the attachment conditions for the bacteria, which subsequently impacted the bacterial community, and in turn biofilm compn., phys. structure and filtration performance.
生物污垢层(即生物膜)是膜过滤过程中不可避免的存在。 在这项研究中,我们首次从影响细菌附着的角度阐明了生物污染的形成,从而揭示了初始可用生物聚合物的作用。 结果表明,初始可用生物聚合物的存在增加了Caulobacter属的丰度,该属能够使生物聚合物矿化;而对于典型的寡营养多核杆菌物种,它表现出低丰度。 更大的concns。当提供初始生物聚合物时,多糖和蛋白质在生物污染层中积累,并且生物膜结构更不均匀,孔径更大,厚度更高。 因此,相应的过滤系统表现出更大的渗透性和更好的组织去除性能。 总的来说,最初可用的生物聚合物改变了细菌的附着条件,随后影响了细菌群落,进而影响了生物膜成分、物理结构和过滤性能。 - 27Tanentzap, A. J.; Fitch, A.; Orland, C.; Emilson, E. J. S.; Yakimovich, K. M.; Osterholz, H.; Dittmar, T. Chemical and microbial diversity covary in fresh water to influence ecosystem functioning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.IF 11.1SCIEJCI 2.52Q1综合性期刊1区Top2019, 116 (49), 24689– 24695, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904896116
Tanentzap,AJ;惠誉,A.;奥兰,C.;埃米尔森,EJ S.;亚基莫维奇,KM;奥斯特霍尔茨,H.;Dittmar, T.淡水中的化学和微生物多样性协同变化影响生态系统功能.美国科学院院刊 2019, 116 (49), 24689– 24695, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.190489611627https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXitlejsLrM&md5=32a8b202a055c153ca8e479212707fd9Chemical and microbial diversity covary in fresh water to influence ecosystem functioning
淡水中的化学和微生物多样性共同影响生态系统功能Tanentzap, Andrew J.; Fitch, Amelia; Orland, Chloe; Emilson, Erik J. S.; Yakimovich, Kurt M.; Osterholz, Helena; Dittmar, Thorsten
Tanentzap,安德鲁 J.;惠誉,阿米莉亚;奥兰,克洛伊;埃米尔森,埃里克 JS;亚基莫维奇,库尔特 M.;奥斯特霍尔茨,海伦娜;迪特玛,托尔斯滕Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2019), 116 (49), 24689-24695CODEN: PNASA6; ISSN:0027-8424. (National Academy of Sciences)
美国国家科学院院刊 (2019), 116 (49), 24689-24695CODEN: PNASA6;国际标准刊号:0027-8424.(美国国家科学院)Invisible to the naked eye lies a tremendous diversity of org. mols. and organisms that make major contributions to important biogeochem. cycles. However, how the diversity and compn. of these two communities are interlinked remains poorly characterized in fresh waters, despite the potential for chem. and microbial diversity to promote one another. Here we exploited gradients in chemodiversity within a common microbial pool to test how chem. and biol. diversity covary and characterized the implications for ecosystem functioning. We found that both chemodiversity and genes assocd. with org. matter decompn. increased as more plant litterfall accumulated in exptl. lake sediments, consistent with scenarios of future environmental change. Chem. and microbial diversity were also pos. correlated, with dissolved org. matter having stronger effects on microbes than vice versa. Under our exptl. scenarios that increased sediment org. matter from 5 to 25% or darkened overlying waters by 2.5 times, the resulting increases in chemodiversity could increase greenhouse gas concns. in lake sediments by an av. of 1.5 to 2.7 times, when all of the other effects of litterfall and water color were considered. Our results open a major new avenue for research in aquatic ecosystems by exposing connections between chem. and microbial diversity and their implications for the global carbon cycle in greater detail than ever before.
肉眼看不见的是组织摩尔的巨大多样性。以及对重要生物地球化学做出重大贡献的生物。周期。 然而,多样性和组合如何。这两个群落相互关联,尽管化学和微生物多样性有可能相互促进,但在淡水中仍然没有充分的特征。 在这里,我们利用一个共同的微生物库中化学多样性的梯度来测试化学和生物多样性如何协同变化,并表征对生态系统功能的影响。 我们发现化学多样性和基因都具有相似性。与组织物质分解。随着湖泊沉积物中植物凋落物的增加而增加,这与未来环境变化的情景一致。 化学和微生物多样性也呈正相关关系,溶解的有机物对微生物的影响更强,反之亦然。 在我们的预测情景下,沉积物组织物质从5%增加到25%,或使上覆水域变暗2.5倍,由此产生的化学多样性增加可能会增加温室气体浓度。在湖泊沉积物中,平均1.5至2.7倍,当考虑了凋落物和水色的所有其他影响时。 我们的研究结果比以往任何时候都更详细地揭示了化学和微生物多样性之间的联系及其对全球碳循环的影响,为水生生态系统的研究开辟了一条重要的新途径。 - 28Judd, K. E.; Crump, B. C.; Kling, G. W. Variation in dissolved organic matter controls bacterial production and community composition. EcologyIF 4.8SCIEJCI 1.3Q1环境科学与生态学2区Top2006, 87 (8), 2068– 2079, DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87
[2068:VIDOMC]2.0.CO;2
贾德,KE;克伦普,不列颠哥伦比亚省;Kling, G. W.溶解有机物的变化控制细菌的产生和群落组成。生态学2006, 87 (8), 2068– 2079, DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87
[2068:VIDOMC]2.0.CO;2
28https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD28rhtl2gsg%253D%253D&md5=40a3ee97588aeb824b803be4f9437133Variation in dissolved organic matter controls bacterial production and community composition
溶解有机物的变化控制细菌的产生和群落组成Judd Kristin E; Crump Byron C; Kling George W
贾德·克里斯汀·克伦普·拜伦 C;克林乔治 WEcology (2006), 87 (8), 2068-79 ISSN:0012-9658.
生态学 (2006), 87 (8), 2068-79 ISSN:0012-9658.An ongoing debate in ecology revolves around how species composition and ecosystem function are related. To address the mechanistic controls of this relationship, we manipulated the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fed to aquatic bacteria to determine effects on both bacterial activity and community composition. Sites along terrestrial to aquatic flow paths were chosen to simulate movement of DOM through catchments, and DOM was fed to downslope and control bacterial communities. Bacterial production was measured, and DOM chemistry and bacterial community composition (using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes) were characterized following incubations. Bacterial production, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-specific bacterial production, and DOC consumption were greatest in mesocosms fed soil water DOM; soil water DOM enhanced lake and stream bacterial production by 320-670% relative to lake and stream controls. Stream DOM added to lake bacteria depressed bacterial production relative to lake controls in the early season (-78%) but not the mid-season experiment. Addition of upslope DOM to stream and lake bacterial communities resulted in significant changes in bacterial community composition relative to controls. In four of five DOM treatments, the bacterial community composition converged to the DOM source community regardless of the initial inoculum. These results demonstrate that shifts in the supply of natural DOM were followed by changes in both bacterial production and community composition, suggesting that changes in function are likely predicated on at least an initial change in the community composition. The results indicate that variation in DOM composition of soil and surface waters influences bacterial community dynamics and controls rates of carbon processing in set patterns across the landscape.
生态学中正在进行的争论围绕着物种组成和生态系统功能之间的关系展开。 为了解决这种关系的机制控制,我们操纵了喂给水生细菌的溶解有机物(DOM)的组成,以确定对细菌活性和群落组成的影响。 选择沿陆地到水生流动路径的地点来模拟DOM在集水区的运动,并将DOM喂入下坡并控制细菌群落。 测量细菌产量,并在孵育后表征 DOM 化学和细菌群落组成(使用 16S rRNA 基因的变性梯度凝胶电泳)。 细菌生产、溶解有机碳(DOC)特异性细菌生产和DOC消耗量在中宇宙土壤水DOM中最大;与湖泊和溪流控制相比,土壤水DOM使湖泊和溪流的细菌产量提高了320-670%。 在早季(-78%),添加到湖泊细菌中的溪流DOM抑制了湖泊细菌的产生,但在季中实验中没有。 在溪流和湖泊细菌群落中添加上坡DOM导致细菌群落组成相对于对照组发生显着变化。 在五种DOM处理中的四种中,细菌群落组成收敛到DOM源群落,而与初始接种物无关。 这些结果表明,天然DOM供应的变化之后是细菌生产和群落组成的变化,这表明功能的变化可能至少取决于群落组成的初始变化。 结果表明,土壤和地表水DOM组成的变化影响了细菌群落的动态,并控制了整个景观中碳处理的速率。 - 29Logue, J. B.; Stedmon, C. A.; Kellerman, A. M.; Nielsen, N. J.; Andersson, A. F.; Laudon, H.; Lindstrom, E. S.; Kritzberg, E. S. Experimental insights into the importance of aquatic bacterial community composition to the degradation of dissolved organic matter. ISME J.IF 11.0SCIEJCI 2.59Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2016, 10 (3), 533– 545, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.131
罗格,JB;斯特德蒙,CA;凯勒曼,AM;尼尔森,新泽西州;安德森,AF;劳登,H.;林德斯特罗姆,ES;Kritzberg, E. S.对水生细菌群落组成对溶解有机物降解的重要性的实验见解。ISME J.2016, 10 (3), 533– 545, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.13129https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XjtFKrsb0%253D&md5=6b5000920df98fcaea68d8158f5886a7Experimental insights into the importance of aquatic bacterial community composition to the degradation of dissolved organic matter
水生细菌群落组成对溶解有机物降解重要性的实验见解Logue, Jurg B.; Stedmon, Colin A.; Kellerman, Anne M.; Nielsen, Nikoline J.; Andersson, Anders F.; Laudon, Hjalmar; Lindstroem, Eva S.; Kritzberg, Emma S.
罗格,尤尔格 B.;斯特德蒙,科林 A.;凯勒曼,安妮 M.;尼尔森,Nikoline J.;安德森,安德斯 F.;劳登,哈尔玛;林德斯特罗姆,伊娃 S.;克里茨伯格,艾玛 S.ISME Journal (2016), 10 (3), 533-545CODEN: IJSOCF; ISSN:1751-7362. (Nature Publishing Group)
ISME杂志(2016),10(3),533-545CODEN:IJSOCF;国际标准刊号:1751-7362.(自然出版集团)Bacteria play a central role in the cycling of carbon, yet our understanding of the relationship between the taxonomic compn. and the degrdn. of dissolved org. matter (DOM) is still poor. In this exptl. study, we were able to demonstrate a direct link between community compn. and ecosystem functioning in that differently structured aquatic bacterial communities differed in their degrdn. of terrestrially derived DOM. Although the same amt. of carbon was processed, both the temporal pattern of degrdn. and the compds. degraded differed among communities. We, moreover, uncovered that low-mol.-wt. carbon was available to all communities for utilization, whereas the ability to degrade carbon of greater mol. wt. was a trait less widely distributed. Finally, whereas the degrdn. of either low- or high-mol.-wt. carbon was not restricted to a single phylogenetic clade, our results illustrate that bacterial taxa of similar phylogenetic classification differed substantially in their assocn. with the degrdn. of DOM compds. Applying techniques that capture the diversity and complexity of both bacterial communities and DOM, our study provides new insight into how the structure of bacterial communities may affect processes of biogeochem. significance.
细菌在碳的循环中起着核心作用,但我们对分类学成分之间关系的理解。和 degrdn。的溶解组织物质(DOM)仍然很差。 在这项探索性研究中,我们能够证明社区组件之间的直接联系。和生态系统功能,不同结构的水生细菌群落的degrdn不同。陆生 DOM。 虽然处理了相同的碳,但两者的时间模式都是degrdn。和 compds。不同社区的退化程度各不相同。 此外,我们还发现了低摩尔重量。所有群落都可以利用碳,而降解更大分子重量的碳的能力是一个分布不太广泛的性状。 最后,而 degrdn.低摩尔或高摩尔-重量。碳并不局限于单个系统发育分支,我们的结果表明,具有相似系统发育分类的细菌分类群在其assocn上有很大差异。与 degrdn.的 DOM compds。 应用捕获细菌群落和DOM的多样性和复杂性的技术,我们的研究为细菌群落的结构如何影响生物地球化学过程提供了新的见解。意义。 - 30Kujawinski, E. B. The impact of microbial metabolism on marine dissolved organic matter. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.IF 17.3SCIEJCI 2.47Q1地球科学1区Top2011, 3, 567– 599, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081003
Kujawinski, E. B.微生物代谢对海洋溶解有机物的影响。年。Rev. Mar. Sci.2011, 3, 567– 599, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-08100330https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC3M3gtlKrtQ%253D%253D&md5=f7bd65b5ad6db4014b202d175dcb6f89The impact of microbial metabolism on marine dissolved organic matter
微生物代谢对海洋溶解有机质的影响Kujawinski Elizabeth B 库亚温斯基,伊丽莎白 BAnnual review of marine science (2011), 3 (), 567-99 ISSN:1941-1405.
海洋科学年鉴 (2011), 3 (), 567-99 ISSN:1941-1405.Microbes mediate global biogeochemical cycles through their metabolism, and all metabolic processes begin with the interaction between the microbial cell wall or membrane and the external environment. For all heterotrophs and many autotrophs, critical growth substrates and factors are present within the dilute and heterogeneous mixture of compounds that constitutes dissolved organic matter (DOM). In short, the microbe-molecule interaction is one of the fundamental reactions within the global carbon cycle. Here, I summarize recent findings from studies that examine DOM-microbe interactions from either the DOM perspective (organic geochemistry) or the microbe perspective (microbial ecology). Gaps in our knowledge are highlighted and future integrative research directions are proposed.
微生物通过其新陈代谢介导全球生物地球化学循环,所有代谢过程都始于微生物细胞壁或膜与外部环境之间的相互作用。 对于所有异养生物和许多自养生物,关键生长底物和因子存在于构成溶解有机物 (DOM) 的稀质和非均相化合物混合物中。 简而言之,微生物与分子的相互作用是全球碳循环中的基本反应之一。 在这里,我总结了从DOM角度(有机地球化学)或微生物角度(微生物生态学)检查DOM-微生物相互作用的研究的最新发现。 突出了我们知识的差距,并提出了未来的综合研究方向。 - 31Osterholz, H.; Singer, G.; Wemheuer, B.; Daniel, R.; Simon, M.; Niggemann, J.; Dittmar, T. Deciphering associations between dissolved organic molecules and bacterial communities in a pelagic marine system. ISME J.IF 11.0SCIEJCI 2.59Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2016, 10 (7), 1717– 1730, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.231
奥斯特霍尔茨,H.;歌手,G.;Wemheuer,B.;丹尼尔,R.;西蒙,M.;尼格曼,J.;Dittmar, T.破译中上层海洋系统中溶解有机分子与细菌群落之间的关联。ISME J.2016, 10 (7), 1717– 1730, DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.23131https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhtVahu7fN&md5=253c21d9b747758f1b6733dd9f721a3eDeciphering associations between dissolved organic molecules and bacterial communities in a pelagic marine system
破译中上层海洋系统中溶解的有机分子与细菌群落之间的关联Osterholz, Helena; Singer, Gabriel; Wemheuer, Bernd; Daniel, Rolf; Simon, Meinhard; Niggemann, Jutta; Dittmar, Thorsten
奥斯特霍尔茨,海伦娜;歌手,加布里埃尔;温豪尔,伯恩德;丹尼尔,罗尔夫;西蒙,迈因哈德;尼格曼,朱塔;迪特玛,托尔斯滕ISME Journal (2016), 10 (7), 1717-1730CODEN: IJSOCF; ISSN:1751-7362. (Nature Publishing Group)
ISME杂志(2016),10(7),1717-1730CODEN:IJSOCF;国际标准刊号:1751-7362.(自然出版集团)Dissolved org. matter (DOM) is the main substrate and energy source for heterotrophic bacterioplankton. To understand the interactions between DOM and the bacterial community (BC), it is important to identify the key factors on both sides in detail, chem. distinct moieties in DOM and the various bacterial taxa. Next-generation sequencing facilitates the classification of millions of reads of environmental DNA and RNA amplicons and ultrahigh-resoln. mass spectrometry yields up to 10 000 DOM mol. formulas in a marine water sample. Linking this detailed biol. and chem. information is a crucial first step toward a mechanistic understanding of the role of microorganisms in the marine carbon cycle. In this study, we interpreted the complex microbiol. and mol. information via a novel combination of multivariate statistics. We were able to reveal distinct relationships between the key factors of org. matter cycling along a latitudinal transect across the North Sea. Total BC and DOM compn. were mainly driven by mixing of distinct water masses and presumably retain their resp. terrigenous imprint on similar timescales on their way through the North Sea. The active microbial community, however, was rather influenced by local events and correlated with specific DOM mol. formulas indicative of compds. that are easily degradable. These trends were most pronounced on the highest resolved level, i.e., operationally defined 'species', reflecting the functional diversity of microorganisms at high taxonomic resoln. Sequence data were deposited inthe Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnol. Information (NCBI) under the accession no. SRA082674.
溶解组织物质(DOM)是异养浮游细菌的主要底物和能量来源。 为了了解DOM与细菌群落(BC)之间的相互作用,重要的是要详细确定双方的关键因素,DOM中的化学不同部分和各种细菌分类群。 二代测序有助于对数百万个环境 DNA 和 RNA 扩增子以及超高分辨率的读长进行分类。质谱法在海水样品中可产生高达10 000 DOM mol的分子式。 将这些详细的生物和化学信息联系起来,是迈向对微生物在海洋碳循环中的作用的机理理解的关键第一步。 在这项研究中,我们解释了复杂的微生物。和分子信息通过多变量统计的新颖组合。 我们能够揭示组织物质沿着北海纬度样带循环的关键因素之间的明显关系。 总 BC 和 DOM 组件。主要是由不同水团的混合驱动的,并且可能在穿越北海的途中在相似的时间尺度上保留了它们的陆地印记。 然而,活跃的微生物群落受到局部事件的影响,并与指示compds的特定DOM分子公式相关。易于降解。 这些趋势在最高分辨率水平上最为明显,即操作上定义的“物种”,反映了微生物在高分类学分辨率下的功能多样性。 序列数据存放在国家生物技术中心的序列读取档案(SRA)中。信息(NCBI)下加入号。SRA082674。 - 32Bader, H. Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method: A submitted standard method. Ozone: Sci. Eng.IF 2.7SCIEJCI 0.32Q3环境科学与生态学4区1982, 4 (4), 169– 176, DOI: 10.1080/01919518208550955
Bader, H.用靛蓝法测定水中的臭氧:提交的标准方法。臭氧: Sci. Eng.1982, 4 (4), 169– 176, DOI: 10.1080/0191951820855095532https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaL3sXksVeitLg%253D&md5=f077fd7064dc297741a9c0c09f725531Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method; a submitted standard method
用靛蓝法测定水中的臭氧;提交的标准方法Bader, H.; Hoigne, J. 巴德,H.;霍瓦涅,J.Ozone: Science & Engineering (1982), 4 (4), 169-76CODEN: OZSEDS; ISSN:0191-9512.
臭氧:科学与工程(1982),4(4),169-76CODEN:OZSEDS;国际标准刊号:0191-9512.A selective and simple method for the detn. of O3, as formulated for the new Swiss Std. Methods for drinking water anal., is presented. O3 rapidly and stoichiometrically decolorizes tri-K indigo trisulfonate [67627-18-3] in acidic soln. The decrease in absorbance at 600 nm is linear with O3 residual and is 0.42 ± 0.01/cm per mg/L. The limits of detection are 2 μg μg/L for an instrumental and 10 mg/L for a visual field method.
一种选择性且简单的 detn 方法。的 O3,为新的瑞士标准饮用水分析方法配制,被介绍。 O3 在酸性溶液中快速且化学计量地使 tri-K 靛蓝三磺酸盐 [67627-18-3] 脱色。 600 nm处吸光度的下降与O3残留呈线性关系,为0.42±0.01/cm/mg/L。 仪器法的检测限为 2 μg μg/L,视野法的检测限为 10 mg/L。 - 33Dittmar, T.; Koch, B.; Hertkorn, N.; Kattner, G. A simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr.: MethodsIF 2.7SCIEJCI 0.84Q2地球科学3区2008, 6, 230– 235, DOI: 10.4319/lom.2008.6.230
迪特玛,T.;科赫,B.;牧谷物,N.;Kattner, G.一种简单有效的海水中溶解有机物固相萃取方法(SPE-DOM)。利姆诺尔。Oceanogr.: 方法2008, 6, 230– 235, DOI: 10.4319/lom.2008.6.23033https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhtlOnt7jI&md5=3f114d54f73464b3c5dc217c5fd7790eA simple and efficient method for the solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater
一种从海水中固相萃取溶解性有机物(SPE-DOM)的简单高效方法Dittmar, Thorsten; Koch, Boris; Hertkorn, Norbert; Kattner, Gerhard
迪特玛,托尔斯滕;科赫,鲍里斯;赫特科恩,诺伯特;凯特纳,格哈德Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (2008), 6 (June), 230-235CODEN: LOMIBY; ISSN:1541-5856. (American Society of Limnology and Oceanography)
湖沼学和海洋学:方法(2008),6(6月),230-235CODEN:LOMIBY;国际标准刊号:1541-5856.(美国湖沼学和海洋学学会)A simple protocol is presented for the solid-phase extn. of dissolved org. matter (SPE-DOM) from seawater using com. prepacked cartridges. The method does not require major instrumentation and can be performed in the field. Modified styrene divinyl benzene polymer type sorbents (Varian PPL and ENV) and sorbents of a silica structure bonded with different hydrocarbon chains (Varian C8, C18, C18OH, and C18EWP) were considered. Except for C18OH, which heavily contaminated the samples, none of the sorbents leached significant amts. of dissolved org. carbon (DOC) or nitrogen (DON). Samples from the North Brazil shelf with strong mixing gradients of terrigenous and marine DOM were used to compare the various sorbents. PPL was the most efficient-on av., 62% of DOC was recovered as salt-free exts. C18 was found to be most efficient among the silica-based sorbents, but it showed only two-thirds of the extn. efficiency of PPL. As indicated by [1H]NMR, C/N, and δ13C analyses, PPL extd. a more representative proportion of DOM than C18. Therefore, PPL was used for comparative studies in the Gulf of Mexico and Antarctica. From brackish marsh and river waters, 65% and 62% of total DOC, resp., could be extd. For purely marine DOM in Antarctica and the deep sea, the extn. efficiency was lower (43% on av.). The efficiency of the new method to isolate marine DOM is better than or similar to highly laborious methods. A further advantage is the complete desalination of the sample. The isolation of a major DOM fraction, which is salt-free, offers many possibilities to further characterize DOM by advanced anal. techniques.
为固相extn提出了一个简单的方案。使用预装滤芯从海水中溶解的有机物质 (SPE-DOM)。 该方法不需要大型仪器,可以在现场进行。 考虑了改性苯乙烯二乙烯基苯聚合物型吸附剂(瓦里安 PPL 和 ENV)以及与不同烃链(瓦里安 C8、C18、C18OH 和 C18EWP)键合的二氧化硅结构的吸附剂。 除了严重污染样品的C18OH外,没有一种吸附剂浸出大量溶解的碳(DOC)或氮(DON)。 使用来自巴西北部大陆架的样品,具有强烈的陆地和海洋DOM混合梯度,以比较各种吸附剂。 PPL是效率最高的,62%的DOC被回收为无盐扩展。 C18被发现在二氧化硅基吸附剂中最有效,但它只显示出三分之二的extn。PPL的效率。 如 [1H]NMR、C/N 和 δ13C 分析所示,PPL extd.DOM 比 C18 更具代表性。 因此,PPL被用于墨西哥湾和南极洲的比较研究。 从咸水沼泽和河水中,可以排出65%和62%的DOC总量。 对于南极洲和深海的纯海洋 DOM,extn.效率较低(平均为43%)。 分离海洋DOM的新方法的效率优于或接近于费力很大的方法。 另一个优点是样品完全脱盐。 分离出无盐的主要DOM部分,为通过先进的肛门技术进一步表征DOM提供了许多可能性。 - 34Li, F.; Tang, S.; Lv, J.; He, A.; Wang, Y.; Liu, S.; Cao, H.; Zhao, L.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, G. Molecular-scale investigation on the formation of brown carbon aerosol via iron-phenolic compound reactions in the dark. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2023, 57 (30), 11173– 11184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04263
李,F.;唐,S.;吕J.;他,A.;王彦;刘,S.;曹华;赵玲玲;王彦;江, G.黑暗中铁酚化合物反应形成褐碳气溶胶的分子尺度研究.环境。科学技术.2023, 57 (30), 11173– 11184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04263There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 35Zherebker, A.; Shirshin, E.; Rubekina, A.; Kharybin, O.; Kononikhin, A.; Kulikova, N. A.; Zaitsev, K. V.; Roznyatovsky, V. A.; Grishin, Y. K.; Perminova, I. V.; Nikolaev, E. N. Optical properties of soil dissolved organic matter are related to acidic functions of its components as revealed by fractionation, selective deuteromethylation, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (5), 2667– 2677, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05298
热列布克,A.;希尔辛,E.;鲁贝金娜,A.;哈里宾,O.;科诺尼欣,A.;库利科娃,N.A.;扎伊采夫,K.V.;罗兹尼亚托夫斯基,V.A.;格里申,Y.K.;佩尔米诺娃,I.V.;Nikolaev, E. N.土壤溶解有机物的光学特性与其组分的酸性功能有关,如分馏、选择性去甲基化和超高分辨率质谱法所揭示的那样。环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (5), 2667– 2677, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b0529835https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXislartb0%253D&md5=b4eb098cd023482ec11f33b75fd25fa6Optical Properties of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter Are Related to Acidic Functions of Its Components as Revealed by Fractionation, Selective Deuteromethylation, and Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry
土壤溶解有机物的光学性质与其组分的酸性功能有关,如分馏、选择性氘甲基化和超高分辨率质谱分析所揭示的那样Zherebker, Alexander; Shirshin, Evgeny; Rubekina, Anna; Kharybin, Oleg; Kononikhin, Alexey; Kulikova, Natalia A.; Zaitsev, Kirill V.; Roznyatovsky, Vitaliy A.; Grishin, Yuri K.; Perminova, Irina V.; Nikolaev, Evgeny N.
热列布克,亚历山大;希尔申,叶夫根尼;鲁贝金娜,安娜;哈里宾,奥列格;科诺尼欣,阿列克谢;库利科娃,娜塔莉亚 A.;扎伊采夫,基里尔五世;罗兹尼亚托夫斯基,维塔利 A.;格里申,尤里 K.;佩尔米诺娃,伊琳娜五世;尼古拉耶夫,叶夫根尼 N.Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (5), 2667-2677CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2020), 54 (5), 2667-2677CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)The goal of this study was to establish a relationship between the optical properties of soil dissolved org. matter (DOM) and acidic functions carried out by its individual constituents. We obtained 12 fractions of DOM samples using sequential solid phase extn. on nonionic sorbent at steadily lowered pH values: 7, 5, 3, 2, which correspond to low bounds of pKa values of phenols, aliph., and arom. carboxylic acids, and ketoacids. The structural studies were conducted with the use of NMR and selective deuteromethylation of isolated fractions coupled to ultrahigh resoln. mass spectrometry. First, a gradual shift of mol. compns. was obsd. from reduced components to arom. oxidized compds. isolated at pH 7 and 2, resp. Changes in mol. compns. were accompanied by a red shift of fluorescence spectra. Further application of deuteromethylation enabled us to distinguish DOM constituents with different amts. of carboxylic groups. Moreover, identification of structural isomers in a single DOM sample was achieved. Statistical anal. revealed that red shift of fluorescence is facilitated by the increase of a contribution of arom. poly(carboxylic acid)s with high conjugation lengths. Addnl., anal. of the labeled fractionated permafrost thaw DOM directly showed carboxyl-rich alicyclic mols., while the same components from lower-latitude DOM were assigned to lignin-like species.
本研究的目的是建立土壤溶解组织物质(DOM)的光学特性与其各个成分执行的酸性功能之间的关系。 我们使用顺序固相extn获得了12个DOM样品的馏分。在稳定降低的pH值下使用非离子吸附剂:7、5、3、2,对应于酚类、脂肪酚和阿罗姆的pKa值的下限。羧酸和酮酸。 结构研究是使用核磁共振和与超高溶解偶联的分离馏分的选择性去氘甲基化进行的。质谱法。 首先,分子成分的逐渐变化。是 OBSD。从减少的组件到arom。氧化化合物。在 pH 值 7 和 2 下分离,或 pH 值 2。 摩尔成分的变化。伴随着荧光光谱的红移。 去氘甲基化的进一步应用使我们能够区分具有不同羧基团的DOM成分。 此外,还实现了单个DOM样品中结构异构体的鉴定。 统计分析显示,荧光的红移是由arom贡献的增加促进的。具有高共轭长度的聚(羧酸)。 标记的分馏永久冻土融化DOM的附录,分析直接显示富含羧基的脂环分子,而来自低纬度DOM的相同成分被分配到木质素样物种。 - 36Lv, J. T.; Zhang, S. Z.; Wang, S. S.; Luo, L.; Cao, D.; Christie, P. Molecular-scale investigation with ESI-FT-ICR-MS on fractionation of dissolved organic matter induced by adsorption on iron oxyhydroxides. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2016, 50 (5), 2328– 2336, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04996
吕J.T.;张S.Z.;王淑娟;罗玖;曹,D.;Christie, P.使用ESI-FT-ICR-MS进行分子尺度研究,研究吸附在氢氧化铁上诱导的溶解有机物的分馏。环境。科学技术.2016, 50 (5), 2328– 2336, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b0499636https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhsVymsrg%253D&md5=41055937d3e93d140dfa0e258cbd8fa5Molecular-Scale Investigation with ESI-FT-ICR-MS on Fractionation of Dissolved Organic Matter Induced by Adsorption on Iron Oxyhydroxides
ESI-FT-ICR-MS对吸附氢氧化铁诱导的溶解有机物分馏的分子尺度研究Lv, Jitao; Zhang, Shuzhen; Wang, Songshan; Luo, Lei; Cao, Dong; Christie, Peter
吕吉涛;张淑贞;王嵩山;罗磊;曹东;克里斯蒂,彼得Environmental Science & Technology (2016), 50 (5), 2328-2336CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2016), 50 (5), 2328-2336CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)Adsorption by minerals is a common geochem. process of dissolved org. matter (DOM) which may induce fractionation of DOM at the mineral-water interface. We examine the mol. fractionation of DOM induced by adsorption onto 3 common iron oxyhydroxides using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). Ferrihydrite exhibited higher affinity to DOM and induced more pronounced mol. fractionation of DOM than did goethite or lepidocrocite. High mol. wt. (>500 Da) compds. and compds. high in unsatn. or rich in O including polycyclic aroms., polyphenols and carboxylic compds. had higher affinity to Fe oxyhydroxides and esp. to ferrihydrite. Low mol. wt. compds. and compds. low in unsatn. or contg. few oxygenated groups (mainly alcs. and ethers) were preferentially maintained in soln. This study confirms that the double bond equivalence and the no. of O atoms are valuable parameters indicating the selective fractionation of DOM at mineral and water interfaces. The results provide important information for further understanding the behavior of DOM in the natural environment.
矿物吸附是一种常见的地球化学。溶解组织物质 (DOM) 的过程,可能在矿泉水界面诱导 DOM 分馏。 我们研究了使用电喷雾电离耦合傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱 (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) 将 DOM 吸附到 3 种常见氢氧化铁上诱导的摩尔分馏。 与针铁矿或锂云母相比,铁水石对DOM表现出更高的亲和力,并诱导DOM的摩尔分馏更明显。 高分子重量 (>500 Da) compds.和 compds。在 UNSATN 中含量高。或富含O,包括多环芳香、多酚和羧酸化合物。对氢氧化铁具有较高的亲和力,尤其是对亚铁水合物的亲和力。 低分子重量 compds.和 compds。低 UNSATN。或续。在Soln中优先维持少数含氧基团(主要是ALC和醚)。 本研究证实,双键等效性与否。的O原子是指示DOM在矿物和水界面的选择性分馏的有价值的参数。 研究结果为进一步了解DOM在自然环境中的行为提供了重要信息。 - 37Yu, S.; Lv, J.; Jiang, L.; Geng, P.; Cao, D.; Wang, Y. Changes of soil dissolved organic matter and its relationship with microbial community along the Hailuogou Glacier forefield chronosequence. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2023, 57 (9), 4027– 4038, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08855
俞敏洪;吕J.;江,L.;耿,P.;曹,D.;Wang, Y.海螺沟冰川前场年代序列土壤溶解有机质变化及其与微生物群落的关系.环境。科学技术.2023, 57 (9), 4027– 4038, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c0885537https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3sXjsF2ku70%253D&md5=2027aea4128a32032070ee402ce859cdChanges of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Relationship with Microbial Community along the Hailuogou Glacier Forefield Chronosequence
海螺沟冰川前场年代序列土壤溶解有机质变化及其与微生物群落的关系Yu, Shiyang; Lv, Jitao; Jiang, Lu; Geng, Pengyu; Cao, Dong; Wang, Yawei
俞石阳;吕吉涛;江,卢;耿鹏宇;曹东;王亚伟Environmental Science & Technology (2023), 57 (9), 4027-4038CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:1520-5851. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2023), 57 (9), 4027-4038CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:1520-5851.(美国化学学会)Glacier-retreated areas are ideal areas to study soil biogeochem. processes during vegetation succession, because of the limited effect of other environmental and climatic factors. In this study, the changes of soil dissolved org. matter (DOM) and its relationship with microbial communities along the Hailuogou Glacier forefield chronosequence were investigated. Both microbial diversity and DOM mol. chemodiversity recovered rapidly at the initial stage, indicating the pioneering role of microorganisms in soil formation and development. The chem. stability of soil org. matter enhanced with vegetation succession due to the retaining of compds. with high oxidn. state and aromaticity. The mol. compn. of DOM affected microbial communities, while microorganisms tended to utilize labile components to form refractory components. This complex relationship network between microorganisms and DOM components played an important role in the development of soil org. matter as well as the formation of stable soil carbon pool in glacier-retreated areas.
冰川退缩地区是研究土壤生物地球化学的理想地区。植被演替过程中的过程,因为其他环境和气候因素的影响有限。 本研究研究了海螺沟冰川前场年代序列沿线土壤溶解物质(DOM)的变化及其与微生物群落的关系。 微生物多样性和DOM分子化学多样性在初始阶段均迅速恢复,表明微生物在土壤形成发育中具有先锋作用。 土壤组织物质的化学稳定性随着植被演替的增强而增强。具有高氧化性。状态和芳香。 摩尔化合物。的DOM影响微生物群落,而微生物倾向于利用不稳定的成分形成难治性成分。 微生物与DOM成分之间的复杂关系网络在冰川退缩区土壤组织物质的发育和土壤碳库的形成中发挥了重要作用。 - 38Lv, J.; Miao, Y.; Huang, Z.; Han, R.; Zhang, S. Facet-mediated adsorption and molecular fractionation of humic substances on hematite surfaces. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 52 (20), 11660– 11669, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03940
吕J.;苗,Y.;黄志强;韩,R.;Zhang, S.Facet介导的赤铁矿表面腐殖质物质的吸附和分子分馏.环境。科学技术.2018, 52 (20), 11660– 11669, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b0394038https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhslantbzF&md5=a7f01e37d9f34127ca60d39cdd847990Facet-Mediated Adsorption and Molecular Fractionation of Humic Substances on Hematite Surfaces
赤铁矿表面腐殖质的刻面介导吸附和分子分馏Lv, Jitao; Miao, Yuexia; Huang, Zaoquan; Han, Ruixia; Zhang, Shuzhen
吕吉涛;苗月霞;黄早泉;韩瑞霞;张淑贞Environmental Science & Technology (2018), 52 (20), 11660-11669CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2018), 52 (20), 11660-11669CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)Interactions between dissolved org. matter (DOM) and iron oxyhydroxides have important environmental and geochem. implications. The present study employed two hematite nanocrystals to investigate the adsorption and mol. fractionation of two typical humic substances (HSs) using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). Hematite with a predominant exposure of {100} facets induced more pronounced adsorption and mol. fractionation of HSs than {001} facets, indicating that the interfacial adsorptive fractionation process of HSs was mediated by exposed facets of hematite. Further exploration of the surface OH groups of the two hematite nanocrystals confirms that the facet-mediated mol. fractionation of HSs was attributable to the abundance of singly iron-atom coordinated -OH sites on the hematite surfaces. Mols. with a high oxidn. state and high aromaticity such as oxidized black carbon, polyphenol-like, and tannic-like compds. preferentially formed ligand-exchange complexes with singly coordinated -OH groups on the hematite surfaces, inducing the selective binding and mol. fractionation of HSs at the mineral-water interface. These results demonstrate that singly iron-atom coordinated -OH sites det. DOM adsorption and mediate mol. fractionation on hematite surfaces, and this contributes substantially to our understanding of the mol. mechanisms of iron oxyhydroxide-mediated mol. exchange of DOM in soils and/or sediments.
溶解组织物质(DOM)与氢氧化铁之间的相互作用具有重要的环境和地球化学作用。影响。 本研究采用两种赤铁矿纳米晶体,采用电喷雾电离耦合傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(ESI-FT-ICR-MS)研究了两种典型腐殖质物质(HSs)的吸附和摩尔分馏。 与{001}面相比,以{100}面为主的赤铁矿诱导了HSs的吸附和摩尔分馏,表明HSs的界面吸附分馏过程是由赤铁矿的暴露面介导的。 对两种赤铁矿纳米晶体表面OH基团的进一步探索证实,HSs的刻面介导的mol分馏可归因于赤铁矿表面丰富的单铁原子配位-OH位点。 摩尔斯。具有高氧化性。状态和高芳香性,如氧化黑碳、类多酚和单宁类化合物。赤铁矿表面优先形成具有单配位-OH基团的配体交换配合物,诱导HSs在矿泉水界面的选择性结合和摩尔分馏。 这些结果表明,单铁原子配位-OH位点在赤铁矿表面的DOM吸附和介导mol分馏,这大大有助于我们理解氢氧化铁介导的mol.土壤和/或沉积物中DOM的mol.交换机制。 - 39Koch, B. P.; Dittmar, T.; Witt, M.; Kattner, G. Fundamentals of molecular formula assignment to ultrahigh resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Anal. Chem.IF 7.4SCIEJCI 1.71Q1化学1区Top2007, 79 (4), 1758– 1763, DOI: 10.1021/ac061949s
科赫,BP;迪特玛,T.;威特,M.;Kattner, G.天然有机物超高分辨率质量数据分子式分配的基础。分析化学.2007, 79 (4), 1758– 1763, DOI: 10.1021/ac061949s39https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXjtVahtg%253D%253D&md5=b296c368a5fbeb290a77e549ec58487bFundamentals of molecular formula assignment to ultrahigh resolution mass data of natural organic matter
天然有机物超高分辨率质量数据分子式分配基础Koch, Boris P.; Dittmar, Thorsten; Witt, Matthias; Kattner, Gerhard
科赫,鲍里斯 P.;迪特玛,托尔斯滕;维特,马蒂亚斯;凯特纳,格哈德Analytical Chemistry (2007), 79 (4), 1758-1763CODEN: ANCHAM; ISSN:0003-2700. (American Chemical Society)
分析化学 (2007), 79 (4), 1758-1763CODEN: ANCHAM;国际标准刊号:0003-2700.(美国化学学会)Ultrahigh-resoln. mass spectrometry via the Fourier transform ICR technique (FT-ICR-MS) allows the identification of thousands of different mol. formulas in natural org. matter and petroleum samples. Mol. formula assignment from mass data is most crit. and time-consuming for these samples, and in many cases, several formulas can be detd. for the same mol. mass. Therefore, automated procedures are required for an efficient exploitation of the extensive data sets. Here, the authors revise statements in a recent publication, which might result in a misleading impression about the authors' approach of formula assignment in a previous work. The authors also summarize and categorize existing procedures for formula assignment. The authors propose new techniques, which are suitable to be implemented in automated evaluation software. The homologous series approach is extended toward a building block approach that can be applied as a new exclusion criterion for incorrect formula assignments. The examn. of stable isotope ratios of individual mols. in natural org. matter can be applied as an addnl. and intrinsic evaluation for calcd. mol. formulas.
超高分辨率。通过傅里叶变换ICR技术(FT-ICR-MS)进行质谱分析,可以鉴定天然物质和石油样品中的数千种不同分子式。 对于这些样品来说,从质量数据中分配分子式是最关键和最耗时的,在许多情况下,可以分离出几个公式。对于相同的摩尔质量。 因此,需要自动化程序来有效利用广泛的数据集。 在这里,作者修改了最近出版物中的陈述,这可能会导致对作者在先前工作中的公式分配方法产生误导性印象。 作者还对现有的公式分配程序进行了总结和分类。 作者提出了适合在自动评估软件中实现的新技术。 同源序列方法扩展为构建块方法,该方法可用作错误公式分配的新排除标准。 考试。单个摩尔的稳定同位素比率。在自然组织中,物质可以用作 CALCD 的附加和内在评估。分子公式。 - 40Sun, K.; Han, L. F.; Yang, Y.; Xia, X. H.; Yang, Z. F.; Wu, F. C.; Li, F. B.; Feng, Y. F.; Xing, B. S. Application of hydrochar altered soil microbial community composition and the molecular structure of native soil organic carbon in a paddy soil. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (5), 2715– 2725, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05864
孙,K.;韩,L.F.;杨,Y.;夏旭华;杨志芳;吴,F.C.;李,F.B.;冯永芳;Xing, B. S.水炭改变水稻土壤微生物群落组成及天然土壤有机碳分子结构的应用.环境。科学技术.2020, 54 (5), 2715– 2725, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b0586440https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXitFejsrY%253D&md5=a50ee46c2ba85eb40d5b47850626c3f8Application of Hydrochar Altered Soil Microbial Community Composition and the Molecular Structure of Native Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy Soil
水炭改变水稻土壤微生物群落组成及天然土壤有机碳分子结构的应用Sun, Ke; Han, Lanfang; Yang, Yan; Xia, Xinghui; Yang, Zhifeng; Wu, Fengchang; Li, Fangbai; Feng, Yanfang; Xing, Baoshan
孙珂;韩兰芳;杨闫;夏兴辉;杨志峰;吴凤昌;李芳白;冯艳芳;邢, 宝山Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (5), 2715-2725CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2020), 54 (5), 2715-2725CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)The benefits and disadvantages of hydrochar incorporation into soil have been heavily researched. However, the effect of hydrochar application on the soil microbial communities and the mol. structure of native soil org. carbon (SOC) has not been thoroughly elucidated. This study conducted an incubation expt. at 25°C for 135 days using a soil column with 0.5 and 1.5% hydrochar-amended paddy soil to explore the interconnections between changes in soil properties and microbial communities and shifts in native SOC structure using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) and NMR after hydrochar application. Hydrochar addn. decreased the labile SOC fraction by 15.6-33.6% and increased the stable SOC fraction by 10.3-27.0%. These effects were significantly stronger for 1.5% hydrochar-treated soil. Addnl., hydrochar addn. induced the native SOC with 1.0-3.0% more carbon and 6.0-13.0% higher mol. wt. The SOC in hydrochar-amended soil contained more arom. compds. but fewer carbohydrates and lower polarity. This was resulted by a statistically significant redn. in Sphingobacterium, which was active in polycyclic arom. hydrocarbon degrdn., and an increase in Flavobacterium, Anaerolinea, Penicillium, and Acremonium, which were the efficient decomposers of labile SOC. These findings will help elucidate the potential influence of hydrochar on the carbon biogeochem. cycle in the soil.
已经对水炭掺入土壤的利弊进行了大量研究。 然而,施用水炭对土壤微生物群落和天然土壤有机碳(SOC)分子结构的影响尚未得到彻底阐明。 本研究使用含有 0.5% 和 1.5% 水炭改良水稻土的土柱在 25°C 下进行了为期 135 天的孵育实验,以探索土壤性质和微生物群落变化与天然 SOC 结构变化之间的相互联系,使用电喷雾电离傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法 (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) 和 NMR 在水炭应用后。 Hydrochar 添加剂使不稳定的 SOC 分数降低了 15.6-33.6%,稳定 SOC 分数提高了 10.3-27.0%。 对于1.5%水炭处理的土壤,这些影响明显更强。 添加物,水炭添加物诱导天然SOC的碳含量增加1.0-3.0%,分子重量增加6.0-13.0%。 水炭改良土壤中的SOC含有更多的ROM。compds。但碳水化合物更少,极性更低。 这是由具有统计学意义的 redn 引起的。在鞘杆菌中,它在多环中具有活性。碳氢化合物的分解,以及黄杆菌、厌氧菌、青霉菌和Acremonium的增加,它们是不稳定SOC的有效分解者。 这些发现将有助于阐明水力炭对碳生物地球化学的潜在影响。在土壤中循环。 - 41Koch, B. P.; Dittmar, T. From mass to structure: An aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.IF 2.0SCIEJCI 0.65Q3化学3区2006, 20 (5), 926– 932, DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2386
科赫,BP;Dittmar, T.从质量到结构:天然有机物高分辨率质量数据的芳香指数。快速通信。质谱.2006, 20 (5), 926– 932, DOI: 10.1002/rcm.238641https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XitlGgs74%253D&md5=86bf95387b3e6f752481d4f026cbd184From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high-resolution mass data of natural organic matter
从质量到结构:天然有机物高分辨率质量数据的芳香性指数Koch, B. P.; Dittmar, T.
科赫,BP;迪特玛,T.Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (2005), 20 (5), 926-932CODEN: RCMSEF; ISSN:0951-4198. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
质谱快速通讯 (2005), 20 (5), 926-932CODEN: RCMSEF;国际标准刊号:0951-4198.(John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)Recent progress in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) has provided extensive mol. mass data for complex natural org. matter (NOM). Structural information can be deduced solely from the mol. masses for ions with extreme mol. element ratios, in particular low H/C ratios, which are abundant in thermally altered NOM (e.g. black carbon). In this communication we propose a general aromaticity index (AI) and two threshold values as unequivocal criteria for the existence of either arom. (AI > 0.5) or condensed arom. structures (AI ≥ 0.67) in NOM. AI can be calcd. from mol. formulas which are derived from exact mol. masses of naturally occurring compds. contg. C, H, O, N, S and P, and is esp. useful for substances with arom. cores and few alkylations. In order to test the validity of our model index, AI is applied to FTICRMS data of a NOM deep-water sample from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica), a fulvic acid std., and an artificial dataset of all theor. possible mol. formulas. For graphical evaluation a ternary plot is suggested for four-dimensional data representation. The proposed aromaticity index is a step towards structural identification of NOM and the mol. identification of polyarom. hydrocarbons in the environment.
傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FTICRMS)的最新进展为复杂的天然组织物质(NOM)提供了大量的摩尔质量数据。 对于具有极端摩尔元素比的离子,特别是低 H/C 比的离子,结构信息可以仅从摩尔质量中推断出来,这在热改变的 NOM(例如黑碳)中很丰富。 在本文中,我们提出了一个通用芳香指数(AI)和两个阈值,作为存在任何一种芳香的明确标准。(AI > 0.5)或浓缩的 arom。结构 (AI ≥ 0.67) 在 NOM 中。 人工智能可以计算。从分子公式得出,这些分子式来自天然存在的化合物的精确摩尔质量。续。C、H、O、N、S 和 P,尤其适用于有香味的物质。核心和少量烷基化反应。 为了检验模型索引的有效性,将AI应用于威德尔海(南极洲)NOM深水样本的FTICRMS数据、黄腐酸标准和所有理论的人工数据集。可能的分子公式。 对于图形评估,建议使用三元图进行四维数据表示。 所提出的芳香指数是朝着NOM的结构鉴定和polyarom的mol鉴定迈出的一步。环境中的碳氢化合物。 - 42Ding, Y.; Shi, Z. Q.; Ye, Q. T.; Liang, Y. Z.; Liu, M. Q.; Dang, Z.; Wang, Y. J.; Liu, C. X. Chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2020, 54 (10), 6174– 6184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01136
丁,Y.;石志Q.;叶,Q.T.;梁玉璧;刘明问;邓,Z.;王玉杰;Liu, C. X.土壤溶解有机质的化学多样性.大约。Sci. Technol.2020, 54 (10), 6174–6184, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c0113642https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXntl2ku74%253D&md5=753cd5d70afbd947afb7d847cb39bc0aChemodiversity of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter
土壤溶解有机质的化学多样性Ding, Yang; Shi, Zhenqing; Ye, Qianting; Liang, Yuzhen; Liu, Minqin; Dang, Zhi; Wang, Yujun; Liu, Chongxuan
丁阳;石振清;叶,乾婷;梁玉珍;刘敏琴;邓志;王玉军;刘崇轩Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (10), 6174-6184CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2020), 54 (10), 6174-6184CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)Dissolved org. matter (DOM) plays a key role in many biogeochem. processes, but the drivers controlling the diversity of chem. compn. and properties of DOM mols. (chemodiversity) in soils are poorly understood. It has also been debated whether environmental conditions or intrinsic mol. properties control the accumulation and persistence of DOM due to the complexity of both mol. compn. of DOM and interactions between DOM and surrounding environments. Soil DOM samples were extd. from 33 soils collected from different regions of China, and we studied the effects of climate and soil properties on the chemodiversity of DOM across different regions of China, employing a combination of Fourier transform ICR mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, and statistical analyses. Despite the heterogeneity of soil samples and complex influencing factors, aridity and clay can account for the majority of the variations of DOM chem. compn. The finding implied that DOM chemodiversity is an ecosystem property closely related to the environment, and can be used in developing large-scale soil biogeochem. models for predicting C cycling in soils.
溶解组织物质(DOM)在许多生物地球化学中起着关键作用。过程,但驱动因素控制着化学成分的多样性。和 DOM mols 的性质。对土壤中的(化学多样性)知之甚少。 由于摩尔化合物的复杂性,环境条件或内在分子性质是否控制DOM的积累和持久性也存在争议。DOM 以及 DOM 与周围环境之间的交互。 对土壤DOM样品进行提取。本文采用傅里叶变换ICR质谱、光学光谱和统计分析相结合的方法,研究了气候和土壤性质对中国不同地区DOM化学多样性的影响。 尽管土壤样品存在异质性和复杂的影响因素,但干旱和粘土可以解释DOM化学成分的大部分变化。 该研究结果表明,DOM化学多样性是一种与环境密切相关的生态系统特性,可用于开发大规模的土壤生物地球化学。用于预测土壤中碳循环的模型。 - 43Lawaetz, A. J.; Stedmon, C. A. Fluorescence intensity calibration using the Raman scatter peak of water. Appl. Spectrosc.IF 3.5SCIEJCI 0.91Q1化学3区2009, 63 (8), 936– 940, DOI: 10.1366/000370209788964548
拉瓦茨,AJ;Stedmon, C. A.使用水的拉曼散射峰进行荧光强度校准。应用光谱.2009, 63 (8), 936– 940, DOI: 10.1366/00037020978896454843https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhtVaht7fM&md5=9b276ac6eb08dda3e51c3f158d5c287eFluorescence intensity calibration using the Raman scatter peak of water
使用水的拉曼散射峰进行荧光强度校准Lawaetz, A. J.; Stedmon, C. A.
拉瓦茨,AJ;斯特德蒙,CAApplied Spectroscopy (2009), 63 (8), 936-940CODEN: APSPA4; ISSN:0003-7028. (Society for Applied Spectroscopy)
应用光谱学 (2009), 63 (8), 936-940CODEN: APSPA4;国际标准刊号:0003-7028.(应用光谱学会)Fluorescence data of replicate samples obtained from different fluorescence spectrometers or by the same spectrometer but with different instrument settings can have great intensity differences. To compare such data an intensity calibration must be applied. Here we explain a simple calibration method for fluorescence intensity using only the integrated area of a water Raman peak. By applying this method to data from three different instruments, we show that it is possible to remove instrument-dependent intensity factors, and we present results on a unified scale of Raman units. The method presented is a rapid and simple approach suitable for routine measurements with no need for hazardous chems.
从不同的荧光光谱仪或同一光谱仪获得的重复样品的荧光数据,但使用不同的仪器设置可能会有很大的强度差异。 要比较此类数据,必须应用强度校准。 在这里,我们解释了一种仅使用水拉曼峰积分面积的荧光强度校准方法。 通过将这种方法应用于来自三种不同仪器的数据,我们表明可以消除与仪器相关的强度因子,并且我们在拉曼单位的统一尺度上呈现结果。 所提出的方法是一种快速而简单的方法,适用于常规测量,无需危险化学品。 - 44Gong, J.; Liu, Y.; Sun, X. O3 and UV/O3 oxidation of organic constituents of biotreated municipal wastewater. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2008, 42 (4–5), 1238– 1244, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.020
龚J.;刘彦;生物处理城市废水中有机成分的太阳、X.O 3 和 UV/O 3 氧化。水研究 2008, 42 (4–5), 1238– 1244, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.02044https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXhvFyrtL4%253D&md5=915943a456b48176f79ca420443bf2f8O3 and UV/O3 oxidation of organic constituents of biotreated municipal wastewater
生物处理城市污水有机成分的O3和UV/O3氧化Gong, Jianli; Liu, Yongdi; Sun, Xianbo
龚建利;刘永迪;孙贤波Water Research (2008), 42 (4-5), 1238-1244CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2008), 42 (4-5), 1238-1244CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)Dissolved org. matter (DOM) in the biotreated effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant was sepd. by XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins into four fractions: hydrophobic acids, non-acid hydrophobics, transphilics and hydrophilics. Ozonation with and without UV enhancement removed most UV-absorbing substances in the first 30 min achieving 78% and 63% redn. in UV254, resp.; the UV enhancement resulted in a greater redn. in dissolved org. carbon (DOC) (90% vs. 36%). Ozone reacted sequentially with arom. hydrophobics, transphilics, and then hydrophilics; however, under UV, it reacted with all four org. fractions simultaneously. Low-MW hydrophilics were the most abundant fraction in the ozone-treated effluent.
将城市污水处理厂生物处理废水中的溶解物质(DOM)通过XAD-8和XAD-4树脂分为四种馏分:疏水酸、非酸性疏水性、亲性亲性和亲水性。 在前 30 分钟内,有和没有紫外线增强的臭氧去除了大部分紫外线吸收物质,分别实现了 78% 和 63% 的红化。在 UV254 中,或;紫外线增强导致更大的红润。溶解碳 (DOC) (90% vs. 36%)。 臭氧依次与臭氧发生反应。疏水性、跨性,然后是亲水性;然而,在紫外线下,它同时与所有四个组织组分发生反应。 低MW亲水性是臭氧处理出水中含量最高的部分。 - 45Ohno, T.; He, Z.; Sleighter, R. L.; Honeycutt, C. W.; Hatcher, P. G. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and indicator species analysis to identify marker components of soil- and plant biomass- derived organic matter fractions. Environ. Sci. Technol.IF 11.4SCIEJCI 1.44Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2010, 44 (22), 8594– 8600, DOI: 10.1021/es101089t
大野,T.;他,Z.;斯莱特,RL;霍尼卡特,CW;Hatcher, P. G.超高分辨率质谱和指示物物种分析,用于识别土壤和植物生物质衍生有机质组分的标记成分。环境。科学技术.2010, 44 (22), 8594– 8600, DOI: 10.1021/es101089t45https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtlShs7rK&md5=d82e6c5d259208b4b53548c6928c4453Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Indicator Species Analysis to Identify Marker Components of Soil- and Plant Biomass-Derived Organic Matter Fractions
超高分辨率质谱和指示物种分析,用于鉴定土壤和植物生物质衍生有机质组分的标记成分Ohno, Tsutomu; He, Zhongqi; Sleighter, Rachel L.; Honeycutt, C. Wayne; Hatcher, Patrick G.
大野,Tsutomu;何,忠琦;斯莱特,雷切尔 L.;霍尼卡特,C.韦恩;海切尔,帕特里克 G.Environmental Science & Technology (2010), 44 (22), 8594-8600CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)
环境科学与技术 (2010), 44 (22), 8594-8600CODEN: ESTHAG;国际标准刊号:0013-936X.(美国化学学会)The chem. properties of org. matter affect important soil processes such as speciation, solubilization, and transport of plant nutrients and metals. This work uses ultrahigh resoln. electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to det. the mol. compn. of three org. matter fractions of soils and aq. exts. of crop biomass. Comparison of the van Krevelen plots allowed tracking the changes in org. matter with increasing humification. Aq. plant biomass exts. contain a diverse mixt. of lipids, proteins, and lignins. Soil aq. exts. were marked by increases in lignin and carbohydrate components and decrease in the protein component as compared to the plant ext. Refractory humic acid fractions were marked by decrease in the lignin component and increases in the lipid and condensed arom. components. The multivariate indicator species anal. was used to identify marker components of the four org. matter types investigated. The plant ext. group had 772 marker components compared to 237 for soil aq. ext., 92 for mobile humic acid, and 418 for calcium humic acid. This study demonstrates that ultrahigh resoln. mass spectrometry and multivariate methods can be used to identify marker components to gain a mol.-scale description and understanding of C dynamics.
有机物质的化学性质影响重要的土壤过程,如植物养分和金属的物种形成、溶解和运输。 这项工作使用超高分辨率。电喷雾电离 傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法 det.土壤和水的三种组织物质部分。作物生物量。 通过比较van Krevelen图,可以跟踪组织物质随着腐殖化程度的增加而变化。 植物生物质外延包含多样化的混合物。脂质、蛋白质和木质素。 土壤水质与植物ext相比,木质素和碳水化合物成分增加,蛋白质成分减少。 难治腐植酸组分的特点是木质素组分减少,脂质和缩合香气增加。组件。 使用多变量指示物种肛门来识别所研究的四种组织物质类型的标记成分。 植物提取组有772个标记成分,而土壤水提取物组有237个标记组分,移动腐殖酸组有92个标记组分,腐植酸钙组有418个标记组分。 本研究表明,超高分辨率。质谱法和多变量方法可用于识别标记成分,以获得摩尔尺度的描述和对 C 动力学的理解。 - 46LaRowe, D. E.; Van Cappellen, P. Degradation of natural organic matter: A thermodynamic analysis. Geochim. Cosmochim. ActaIF 5.0SCIEJCI 1.52Q1地球科学1区Top2011, 75 (8), 2030– 2042, DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.020
拉罗,D.E.;Van Cappellen, P.天然有机物的降解:热力学分析。Geochim。科斯莫奇姆。学报2011, 75 (8), 2030– 2042, DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.02046https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXjsVGhu78%253D&md5=3a0610f4c212fc480d02649866bfdffdDegradation of natural organic matter: A thermodynamic analysis
天然有机物的降解:热力学分析LaRowe, Douglas E.; Van Cappellen, Philippe
拉罗,道格拉斯 E.;范·卡佩伦,菲利普Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2011), 75 (8), 2030-2042CODEN: GCACAK; ISSN:0016-7037. (Elsevier B.V.)
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2011), 75 (8), 2030-2042CODEN: GCACAK;国际标准刊号:0016-7037.(爱思唯尔 B.V.)The oxidative degrdn. of org. matter is a key process in the biogeochem. functioning of the earth system. Quant. models of org. matter degrdn. are therefore essential for understanding the chem. state and evolution of the Earth's near-surface environment, and to forecast the biogeochem. consequences of ongoing regional and global change. The complex nature of biol. produced org. matter represents a major obstacle to the development of such models, however. The authors compare the energetics of the oxidative degrdn. of a large no. of naturally occurring org. compds. By relating the Gibbs energies of half reactions describing the complete mineralization of the compds. to their av. nominal carbon oxidn. state, it becomes possible to est. the energetic potential of the compds. based on major element (C, H, N, O, P, S) ratios. The new energetic description of org. matter can be combined with bioenergetic theory to rationalize obsd. patterns in the decompn. of natural org. matter. For example, the persistence of cell membrane derived compds. and complex orgs. in anoxic settings is consistent with their limited catabolic potential under these environmental conditions. The proposed approach opens the way to include the thermodn. properties of org. compds. in kinetic models of org. matter degrdn.
氧化剂。物质是生物地球化学中的关键过程。地球系统的功能。 组织物质分解的定量模型。因此,对于了解地球近地表环境的化学状态和演化以及预测生物地球化学至关重要。持续的区域和全球变化的后果。 然而,生物产生的组织物质的复杂性是开发此类模型的主要障碍。 作者比较了氧化degrdn的能量学。一个大号。自然发生的组织。 通过关联半反应的吉布斯能,描述化合物的完全矿化。到他们的平均标称碳氧化物。状态,就可以估计 compd 的能量潜力。基于主要元素(C、H、N、O、P、S)比率。 对物质组织的新能量描述可以与生物能量理论相结合,使obsd合理化。分解中的模式。自然组织物质。 例如,细胞膜衍生化合物的持久性。和复杂的组织。在缺氧环境中,它们在这些环境条件下的分解代谢潜力有限。 所提出的方法为包括 thermodn 开辟了道路。org. compds 的属性。在组织物质的动力学模型中。 - 47Ribeirinho-Soares, S.; Moreira, N. F. F.; Graca, C.; Pereira, M. F. R.; Silva, A. M. T.; Nunes, O. C. Overgrowth control of potentially hazardous bacteria during storage of ozone treated wastewater through natural competition. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 209, 117932, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117932
里贝里尼奥-苏亚雷斯,S.;莫雷拉,NFF;格拉卡,C.;佩雷拉,MFR;席尔瓦,AMT;Nunes, O. C.通过自然竞争在臭氧处理废水储存过程中对潜在有害细菌的过度生长控制。水研究 2022, 209, 117932, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.11793247https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3MXislWku77M&md5=d2a523efc46f70766df13794f91f3681Overgrowth control of potentially hazardous bacteria during storage of ozone treated wastewater through natural competition
通过自然竞争控制臭氧处理废水储存过程中潜在有害细菌的过度生长Ribeirinho-Soares, Sara; Moreira, Nuno F. F.; Graca, Catia; Pereira, M. Fernando R.; Silva, Adrian M. T.; Nunes, Olga C.
里贝里尼奥-苏亚雷斯,萨拉;莫雷拉,努诺 F.F.;格蕾丝,卡蒂亚;佩雷拉,M. 费尔南多 R.;席尔瓦,阿德里安 MT;努内斯,奥尔加 C.Water Research (2022), 209 (), 117932CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2022), 209 (), 117932CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)Improving the chem. and biol. quality of treated wastewater is particularly important in world regions under water stress. In these regions, reutilization of wastewater is seen as an alternative to reduce water demand, particularly for agriculture irrigation. In a reuse scenario, the treated wastewater must have enough quality to avoid chem. and biol. contamination of the receiving environment. Ozonation is among the technologies available to efficiently remove org. micropollutants and disinfect secondary effluents, being implemented in full-scale urban wastewater treatment plants worldwide. However, previous studies demonstrated that storage of ozone treated wastewater promoted the overgrowth of potentially harmful bacteria, putting at risk its reutilization, given for instance the possibility of contaminating the food-chain. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the potential beneficial role of inoculation of ozone treated wastewater with a diverse bacterial community during storage, for the control of the overgrowth of potentially hazardous bacteria, through bacterial competition. To achieve this goal, ozone treated wastewater (TWW) was dild. with river water (RW) in the same proportion, and the resulting bacterial community (RW+TWW) was compared to that of undiluted TWW over 7 days storage. As hypothesized, in contrast to TWW, where dominance of Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, namely Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., was obsd. upon storage for 7 days, the bacterial communities of the dild. samples (RW+TWW) were diverse, resembling those of RW. Moreover, given the high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in RW, the concn. of these genes in RW+TWW did not differ from that of the non-ozonated controls (WW, RW and RW+WW) over the storage period. These results highlight the necessity of finding a suitable pristine diverse bacterial community to be used in the future to compete with bacteria surviving ozonation, to prevent reactivation of undesirable bacteria during storage of treated wastewater.
改善处理废水的化学和生物质量在世界缺水地区尤为重要。 在这些地区,废水的再利用被视为减少用水需求的替代方法,特别是用于农业灌溉。 在再利用方案中,处理后的废水必须具有足够的质量,以避免接收环境的化学和生物污染。 臭氧是有效去除有机微污染物和消毒二次污水的技术之一,正在全球的全面城市污水处理厂中实施。 然而,先前的研究表明,臭氧处理废水的储存促进了潜在有害细菌的过度生长,使其再利用面临风险,例如有可能污染食物链。 因此,本研究旨在评估臭氧处理废水在储存过程中接种具有多种细菌群落的潜在有益作用,以通过细菌竞争控制潜在危险细菌的过度生长。 为了实现这一目标,臭氧处理废水(TWW)被淡化。河水 (RW) 的比例相同,将得到的细菌群落 (RW+TWW) 与未稀释的 TWW 在 7 天的储存中进行比较。 正如假设的那样,与TWW相反,β-和γ变形菌(即假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属)的主导地位是模糊的。储存 7 天后,DILD.样品(RW+TWW)是多种多样的,类似于RW的样品。 此外,鉴于 RW 中抗生素耐药基因的丰度很高,concn. RW+TWW中的这些基因在储存期间与非臭氧对照(WW、RW和RW+WW)的基因没有差异。 这些结果强调了寻找合适的原始多样化细菌群落的必要性,以便将来用于与臭氧中幸存下来的细菌竞争,以防止在储存处理过的废水期间重新激活不良细菌。 - 48Rehman, Z. U.; Ali, M.; Iftikhar, H.; Leiknes, T. Genome-resolved metagenomic analysis reveals roles of microbial community members in full-scale seawater reverse osmosis plant. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2019, 149, 263– 271, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.012
拉赫曼,Z.U.;阿里,M.;伊夫蒂哈尔,H.;基因组分辨的宏基因组分析揭示了微生物群落成员在全尺寸海水反渗透工厂中的作用。水研究 2019, 149, 263– 271, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.012There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 49Wang, H.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Y.-N.; Sun, Y.; Fu, Y.; Gong, Z.; Liu, K. Simultaneous degradation of refractory organics, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from landfill leachate concentrate by GAC/O3. J. Cleaner Prod.IF 11.1SCIEJCI 1.53Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 380, 135016, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135016
王旭东;张,C.;王彦娥;孙,Y.;傅彦;龚,Z.;Liu, K.GAC/O 3 对垃圾渗滤液浓缩物中难治性有机物、抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的同步降解.J. Cleaner Prod.2022, 380, 135016, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135016There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 50Tadonléké, R. D. Strong coupling between natural Planctomycetes and changes in the quality of dissolved organic matter in freshwater samples. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.IF 4.2SCIEJCI 0.8Q2生物学3区2007, 59 (3), 543– 555, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00222.x
Tadonléké, R. D.天然浮游菌与淡水样品中溶解有机物质量变化之间的强耦合。FEMS微生物。生态学2007, 59 (3), 543– 555, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00222.xThere is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 51Nichols, G. L.; McLauchlin, J. Microbiology and the investigation of waterborne outbreaks: The use of Cryptosporidium typing in the investigation of waterborne disease. In Drinking Water and Infectious Disease: Establishing the Links; CRC Press, 2002, pp 87– 95. DOI: 10.1201/9781420040524.ch8
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尼科尔斯,GL;McLauchlin, J.微生物学和水传播暴发的调查:隐孢子虫分型在水传播疾病调查中的应用。在饮用水和传染病:建立联系;CRC出版社,2002年,第87-95页。DOI: 10.1201/9781420040524.ch8.
There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 52Lau, H. Y.; Ashbolt, N. J. The role of biofilms and protozoa in Legionella pathogenesis: Implications for drinking water. J. Appl. Microbiol.IF 4.0SCIEJCI 0.68Q2生物学3区2009, 107 (2), 368– 378, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04208.x
刘汉彦;生物膜和原生动物在军团菌发病机制中的作用:对饮用水的影响。应用微生物学杂志.2009, 107 (2), 368– 378, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04208.x52https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BD1MvptFWjtw%253D%253D&md5=c74d388e5e2f29221200d8b4ac872b8cThe role of biofilms and protozoa in Legionella pathogenesis: implications for drinking water
生物膜和原生动物在军团菌发病机制中的作用:对饮用水的影响Lau H Y; Ashbolt N J
刘熙彦;阿什博尔特 N JJournal of applied microbiology (2009), 107 (2), 368-78 ISSN:.
应用微生物学杂志 (2009), 107 (2), 368-78 ISSN:.Current models to study Legionella pathogenesis include the use of primary macrophages and monocyte cell lines, various free-living protozoan species and murine models of pneumonia. However, there are very few studies of Legionella spp. pathogenesis aimed at associating the role of biofilm colonization and parasitization of biofilm microbiota and release of virulent bacterial cell/vacuoles in drinking water distribution systems. Moreover, the implications of these environmental niches for drinking water exposure to pathogenic legionellae are poorly understood. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of Legionella spp. proliferation within Acanthamoeba and mammalian cells and advocates the use of the amoeba model to study Legionella pathogenicity because of their close association with Legionella spp. in the aquatic environment. The putative role of biofilms and amoebae in the proliferation, development and dissemination of potentially pathogenic Legionella spp. is also discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms of Legionella pathogenicity development in our drinking water systems will aid in elimination strategies and procedural designs for drinking water systems and in controlling exposure to Legionella spp. and similar pathogens.
目前研究军团菌发病机制的模型包括使用原代巨噬细胞和单核细胞系、各种自由生活的原生动物物种和肺炎的小鼠模型。 然而,很少有关于军团菌属发病机制的研究旨在将生物膜定植和生物膜微生物群的寄生作用以及饮用水分配系统中有毒细菌细胞/液泡的释放联系起来。 此外,这些环境生态位对饮用水暴露于致病性军团菌的影响知之甚少。 本文综述了棘阿米巴军团菌属和哺乳动物细胞内已知的增殖机制,并提倡使用变形虫模型研究军团菌在水生环境中的致病性,因为它们与军团菌属密切相关。 还讨论了生物膜和变形虫在潜在致病性军团菌属的增殖、发展和传播中的假定作用。 阐明我们的饮用水系统中军团菌致病性发展的机制将有助于饮用水系统的消除策略和程序设计,并控制军团菌属和类似病原体的暴露。 - 53Scheikl, U.; Sommer, R.; Kirschner, A.; Rameder, A.; Schrammel, B.; Zweimuller, I.; Wesner, W.; Hinker, M.; Walochnik, J. Free-living amoebae (FLA) co-occurring with legionellae in industrial waters. Eur. J. Protistol.IF 2.9SCIEJCI 0.69Q3生物学2区2014, 50 (4), 422– 429, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2014.04.002
Scheikl,美国;索默,R.;基什纳,A.;拉梅德,A.;施拉梅尔,B.;茨魏穆勒,I.;韦斯纳,W.;欣克,M.;Walochnik, J.自由生活的变形虫 (FLA) 与工业水域中的军团菌共生。Eur. J. Protistol.2014, 50 (4), 422– 429, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2014.04.00253https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC2cblvVyhsg%253D%253D&md5=0e75f9aa592e6ae6af5a17256640cd42Free-living amoebae (FLA) co-occurring with legionellae in industrial waters
与军团菌在工业水域中共存的自由生活变形虫(FLA)Scheikl Ute; Sommer Regina; Kirschner Alexander; Rameder Alexandra; Schrammel Barbara; Zweimuller Irene; Wesner Wolfgang; Hinker Manfred; Walochnik Julia
谢克尔·乌特;夏季里贾纳;基什纳,亚历山大;拉梅德,亚历山德拉;施拉梅尔,芭芭拉;茨威米勒,艾琳;韦斯纳,沃尔夫冈;欣克,曼弗雷德;瓦洛奇尼克·朱莉娅European journal of protistology (2014), 50 (4), 422-9 ISSN:.
欧洲原生生物学杂志 (2014), 50 (4), 422-9 ISSN:.Legionella pneumophila is known as the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease and free-living amoebae (FLA) can serve as vehicles for legionellae. The aim of this study was to screen industrial waters for the occurrence of FLA and their co-occurrence with legionellae. A total of 201 water samples, including 129 cooling waters and 72 process waters, and 30 cooling lubricants were included in the study. Treated waters were screened periodically, pre and post treatment. Altogether, 72.6% of the water samples were positive for FLA, acanthamoebae being most prevalent (in 23.9% of the samples) followed by Vermamoeba vermiformis (19.4%). Only one cooling lubricant was positive (Acanthamoeba genotype T4). Legionella spp. were detected in 34.8% of the water samples and in 15% in high concentrations (>1000 CFU/100 ml). Altogether, 81.4% of the Legionella-positive samples were positive for FLA by standard methods. By applying a highly sensitive nested PCR to a representative set of random samples it was revealed that Legionella spp. always co-occurred with Acanthamoeba spp. Although the addition of disinfectants did influence amoebal density and diversity, treated waters showed no difference concerning FLA in the interphases of disinfection. It appears that FLA can re-colonize treated waters within a short period of time.
嗜肺军团菌是军团病的病原体,自由生活的变形虫(FLA)可以作为军团菌的载体。 本研究的目的是筛选工业用水中FLA的发生及其与军团菌的共存。 该研究共纳入了201个水样,包括129个冷却水和72个工艺用水,以及30个冷却润滑剂。 处理后的水在处理前和处理后定期进行筛选。 总共有72.6%的水样对FLA呈阳性反应,棘阿米巴最为普遍(占23.9%的样本),其次是Vermamoeba vermiformis(19.4%)。 只有一种冷却润滑剂呈阳性(棘阿米巴基因型T4)。 在34.8%的水样中检测到军团菌属,在高浓度(>1000 CFU/100毫升)中检测到15%的军团菌属。 总之,81.4%的军团菌阳性样本通过标准方法对FLA呈阳性反应。 通过对一组具有代表性的随机样本应用高度灵敏的嵌套PCR,揭示了军团菌属总是与棘阿米巴属共存。 尽管添加消毒剂确实会影响变形虫的密度和多样性,但处理过的水在消毒的间期对FLA没有差异。 FLA似乎可以在短时间内重新定植处理过的水。 - 54Caicedo, C.; Rosenwinkel, K.-H.; Exner, M.; Verstraete, W.; Suchenwirth, R.; Hartemann, P.; Nogueira, R. Legionella occurrence in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and risks of reclaimed wastewater reuse: Review. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2019, 149, 21– 34, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.080
凯塞多,C.;罗森温克尔,K.-H.;埃克斯纳,M.;韦斯特雷特,W.;Suchenwirth,R.;哈特曼,P.;Nogueira, R.军团菌在市政和工业废水处理厂中的发生以及回收废水再利用的风险:综述。水研究2019, 149, 21– 34, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.08054https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXitFyhurbF&md5=7fbe53b1bb2a7053e7504a0499f2ccabLegionella occurrence in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and risks of reclaimed wastewater reuse: Review
市政和工业污水处理厂的军团菌发生率和废水再利用的风险:综述Caicedo, C.; Rosenwinkel, K.-H.; Exner, M.; Verstraete, W.; Suchenwirth, R.; Hartemann, P.; Nogueira, R.
凯塞多,C.;罗森温克尔,K.-H.;埃克斯纳,M.;韦斯特雷特,W.;Suchenwirth,R.;哈特曼,P.;诺盖拉,R.Water Research (2019), 149 (), 21-34CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2019), 149 (), 21-34CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as confirmed but until today underestimated sources of Legionella, playing an important role in local and community cases and outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease. In general, aerobic biol. systems provide an optimum environment for the growth of Legionella due to high org. nitrogen and oxygen concns., ideal temps. and the presence of protozoa. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs, and many questions in regards to the interacting factors that promote the proliferation and persistence of Legionella in these treatment systems are still unanswered. This crit. review summarizes the current knowledge about Legionella in municipal and industrial WWTPs, the conditions that might support their growth, as well as control strategies that have been applied. Furthermore, an overview of current quantification methods, guidelines and health risks assocd. with Legionella in reclaimed wastewater is also discussed in depth. A better understanding of the conditions promoting the occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs will contribute to the development of improved wastewater treatment technologies and/or innovative mitigation approaches to minimize future Legionella outbreaks.
污水处理厂(WWTP)已被确定为确诊,但直到今天才低估了军团菌的来源,军团菌在当地和社区病例以及军团病的爆发中发挥着重要作用。 一般来说,好氧生物系统为军团菌的生长提供了最佳环境,因为有机氮和氧浓度高,理想的温度。以及原生动物的存在。 然而,很少有研究调查军团菌在污水处理厂中的发生,关于促进军团菌在这些处理系统中增殖和持久存在的相互作用因素的许多问题仍未得到解答。 这篇评论总结了目前关于城市和工业污水处理厂中军团菌的知识、可能支持其生长的条件以及已经应用的控制策略。 此外,还概述了当前的量化方法、指南和健康风险协会。还深入讨论了再生废水中的军团菌。 更好地了解促进军团菌在污水处理厂发生的条件将有助于开发改进的废水处理技术和/或创新的缓解方法,以尽量减少未来的军团菌爆发。 - 55Gerrity, D.; Arnold, M.; Dickenson, E.; Moser, D.; Sackett, J. D.; Wert, E. C. Microbial community characterization of ozone-biofiltration systems in drinking water and potable reuse applications. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2018, 135, 207– 219, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.023
杰里蒂,D.;阿诺德,M.;狄更生,E.;莫泽,D.;萨克特,法学博士;Wert, E. C.饮用水和饮用水再利用应用中臭氧生物过滤系统的微生物群落表征。水研究 2018, 135, 207– 219, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.023There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 56Zhang, L.; Graham, N.; Li, G.; Yu, W. Divergent accumulation of membrane biofouling by slight elevation of nitrogen and phosphorus in drinking water treatment: Performances and mechanisms. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 222, 118898, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118898
张,L.;格雷厄姆,N.;李,G.;Yu, W.饮用水处理中氮磷略微升高的膜生物污垢发散积累:性能和机制。水研究 2022, 222, 118898, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118898There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 57Desmond, P.; Huisman, K. T.; Sanawar, H.; Farhat, N. M.; Traber, J.; Fridjonsson, E. O.; Johns, M. L.; Flemming, H.-C.; Picioreanu, C.; Vrouwenvelder, J. S. Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure. Water Res.IF 12.8SCIEJCI 2.15Q1环境科学与生态学1区Top2022, 210, 118031, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031
德斯蒙德,P.;豪氏威马,K.T.;萨纳瓦尔,H.;新墨西哥州法哈特;特拉伯,J.;弗里琼森,EO;约翰斯,ML;弗莱明,HC;皮西奥雷阿努,C.;Vrouwenvelder, J. S.通过工程生物膜物理结构控制膜生物膜的水力阻力。水研究 2022, 210, 118031, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.11803157https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XksFKitQ%253D%253D&md5=ee3251a57598a194d198d95270b37ae8Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure
通过工程生物膜物理结构控制膜生物膜的水力阻力Desmond, Peter; Huisman, Kees Theo; Sanawar, Huma; Farhat, Nadia M.; Traber, Jacqueline; Fridjonsson, Einar O.; Johns, Michael L.; Flemming, Hans-Curt; Picioreanu, Cristian; Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S.
德斯蒙德,彼得;豪氏威马,基斯·西奥;萨纳瓦尔,胡马;法哈特,纳迪亚 M.;特拉伯,杰奎琳;弗里琼森,Einar O.;约翰斯,迈克尔 L.;弗莱明,汉斯-柯特;皮西奥雷阿努,克里斯蒂安;Vrouwenvelder, Johannes S.Water Research (2022), 210 (), 118031CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)
水研究 (2022), 210 (), 118031CODEN: WATRAG;国际标准刊号:0043-1354.(爱思唯尔有限公司)A review. The application of membrane technol. for water treatment and reuse is hampered by the development of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm growth in micro-and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane modules, on both the membrane surface and feed spacer, can form a secondary membrane and exert resistance to permeation and crossflow, increasing energy demand and decreasing permeate quantity and quality. In recent years, exhaustive efforts were made to understand the chem., structural and hydraulic characteristics of membrane biofilms. In this , we critically assess which specific structural features of membrane biofilms exert resistance to forced water passage in MF/UF membranes systems applied to water and wastewater treatment, and how biofilm phys. structure can be engineered by process operation to impose less hydraulic resistance ("below-the-pain threshold"). Counter-intuitively, biofilms with greater thickness do not always cause a higher hydraulic resistance than thinner biofilms. Dense biofilms, however, had consistently higher hydraulic resistances compared to less dense biofilms. The mechanism by which d. exerts hydraulic resistance is reported in the literature to be dependant on the biofilms' internal packing structure and EPS chem. compd. (e.g., porosity, polymer concn.). Current reports of internal porosity in membrane biofilms are not supported by adequate exptl. evidence or by a reliable methodol., limiting a unified understanding of biofilm internal structure. Identifying the dependency of hydraulic resistance on biofilm d. invites efforts to control the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering internal biofilm structure. Regulation of biofilm internal structure is possible by alteration of key determinants such as feed water nutrient compd./concn., hydraulic shear stress and resistance and can engineer biofilm structural development to decrease d. and therein hydraulic resistance. Future efforts should seek to det. the extent to which the concept of "biofilm engineering" can be extended to other biofilm parameters such as mech. stability and the implication for biofilm control/removal in engineered water systems (e.g., pipelines and/or, cooling towers) susceptible to biofouling.
回顾。 膜技术在水处理和再利用中的应用受到微生物生物膜的开发阻碍。 微滤和超滤(MF/UF)膜组件中的生物膜生长,在膜表面和进料间隔器上,可以形成二级膜,并对渗透和错流产生阻力,增加能源需求并降低渗透量和质量。 近年来,人们为了解膜生物膜的化学、结构和水力特性做出了详尽的努力。 在这篇文章中,我们批判性地评估了膜生物膜的哪些特定结构特征对应用于水和废水处理的MF / UF膜系统中的强制水通过产生抵抗力,以及如何通过工艺操作来设计生物膜物理结构以施加更少的水力阻力(“低于疼痛阈值”)。 与直觉相反,厚度较大的生物膜并不总是比较薄的生物膜产生更高的水力阻力。 然而,与密度较低的生物膜相比,致密生物膜始终具有更高的水力阻力。 文献报道了d.施加水力阻力的机制取决于生物膜的内部堆积结构和EPS化学成分(例如孔隙率、聚合物浓度)。 目前关于膜生物膜内部孔隙率的报道没有得到足够的证据或可靠的方法的支持,这限制了对生物膜内部结构的统一理解。 确定水力阻力对生物膜的依赖性 d. 需要努力通过设计内部生物膜结构来控制膜生物膜的水力阻力。 通过改变关键决定因素,如给水营养成分/浓度、水力剪切应力和阻力,可以调节生物膜内部结构,并可以设计生物膜结构发育以降低水力阻力。 今后的努力应设法确定“生物膜工程”的概念在多大程度上可以扩展到其他生物膜参数,例如机械稳定性以及对易受生物污染影响的工程水系统(例如管道和/或冷却塔)中生物膜控制/去除的影响。 - 58Abada, B.; Safarik, J.; Ishida, K. P.; Chellam, S. Surface characterization of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes from a full-scale advanced water reuse facility: Combined role of bioorganic materials and silicon on chemically irreversible fouling. J. Membr. Sci.IF 9.5SCIEJCI 1.85Q1工程技术1区Top2022, 653, 120511, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120511
阿巴达,B.;萨法里克,J.;石田,K.P.;Chellam, S.来自全尺寸先进水回用设施的报废反渗透膜的表面表征:生物有机材料和硅对化学不可逆污染的综合作用。J.门布尔。Sci.2022, 653, 120511, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.12051158https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB38XpsVygtLg%253D&md5=451543b823a01355c995ea63b3ba2462Surface characterization of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes from a full-scale advanced water reuse facility: Combined role of bioorganic materials and silicon on chemically irreversible fouling
来自全尺寸先进水回用设施的报废反渗透膜的表面表征:生物有机材料和硅在化学不可逆污染中的综合作用Abada, Bilal; Safarik, Jana; Ishida, Kenneth P.; Chellam, Shankararaman
阿巴达,比拉尔;萨法里克,贾娜;石田,肯尼斯 P.;切拉姆,尚卡拉拉曼Journal of Membrane Science (2022), 653 (), 120511CODEN: JMESDO; ISSN:0376-7388. (Elsevier B.V.)
膜科学学报 (2022), 653(), 120511CODEN: JMESDO;国际标准刊号:0376-7388.(爱思唯尔 B.V.)Eight-year-old end-of-life reverse osmosis (RO) membranes from all three stages of a full-scale plant from the world's largest potable reuse facility were comprehensively characterized to discern the role of the co-existing foulants on performance decline and recovery by chem. cleaning. XPS and energy dispersive X-ray spectra detected surficial silica foulants on all stages. High-resoln. XPS and IR spectra evidenced siloxanes among other forms of silicon foulants, which was confirmed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry as cyclosiloxanes. Addnl., culturable bacteria were recovered, and other bioorg. foulants were identified by colorimetry, microscopy, and spectroscopy. Higher amts. of bioorg. foulants were measured in the first two stages, whereas silica fouling was more significant in the first- and third-stage elements. Chem. cleaning with either sodium tripolyphosphate - sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid mixt., sodium dodecyl sulfate - sodium hydroxide mixt., or hydrochloric acid did not completely restore membrane permeability demonstrating the need for membrane replacement. Siliceous foulants were most intractable to all chem. cleaning methods evaluated (including sodium hydroxide) and were the dominant cause of chem.-irreversible fouling leading to the membranes' end-of-life. Our results suggest that incorporating silicon pretreatment could improve RO performance and extend membrane life span during municipal potable reuse.
对来自世界上最大的饮用水再利用设施的全尺寸工厂所有三个阶段的八年报废反渗透 (RO) 膜进行了全面表征,以辨别共存污垢对化学清洗性能下降和回收的作用。 XPS和能量色散X射线光谱在所有阶段都检测到表面二氧化硅污染物。 高分辨率。XPS和IR光谱证明硅氧烷和其他形式的硅污染物,气相色谱-质谱法证实为环硅氧烷。 此外,还回收了可培养细菌等生物。通过比色法、显微镜和光谱法鉴定污垢。 生物组织的更高 amts.在前两个阶段测量了污垢,而在第一和第三阶段元素中测量了二氧化硅污垢。 用三聚磷酸钠-十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合物、十二烷基硫酸钠-氢氧化钠混合物或盐酸进行化学清洗,均未完全恢复膜通透性,表明需要更换膜。 硅质污垢对于所有评估的化学清洁方法(包括氢氧化钠)来说是最棘手的,并且是导致膜寿命终止的化学不可逆污垢的主要原因。 我们的研究结果表明,在市政饮用水再利用期间,采用硅预处理可以提高RO性能并延长膜寿命。 - 59Ivleva, N. P.; Wagner, M.; Horn, H.; Niessner, R.; Haisch, C. Towards a nondestructive chemical characterization of biofilm matrix by Raman microscopy. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.IF 4.3SCIEJCI 0.93Q1化学2区2009, 393 (1), 197– 206, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2470-5
伊夫列瓦,N.P.;瓦格纳,M.;霍恩,H.;尼斯纳,R.;Haisch, C.通过拉曼显微镜对生物膜基质进行无损化学表征。肛门。 生物肛门。Chem.2009, 393 (1), 197– 206, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2470-5There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。 - 60Laue, H.; Schenk, A.; Li, H.; Lambertsen, L.; Neu, T. R.; Molin, S.; Ullrich, M. S. Contribution of alginate and levan production to biofilm formation by Pseudomonas syringae. Microbiolology 2006, 152 (10), 2909– 2918, DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28875-0
劳厄,H.;申克,A.;李旭;兰伯特森,L.;诺伊,TR;莫林,S.;Ullrich, M. S.丁香假单胞菌对海藻酸盐和莱万生产对生物膜形成的贡献。微生物学 2006, 152 (10), 2909– 2918, DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28875-0There is no corresponding record for this reference.
此引用没有相应的记录。
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ARTICLE SECTIONS 文章部分The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c10429.
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The Supporting Information includes 4 figures and 3 tables, which supplement the results in the manuscript. These comprise the following: schematic diagram of membrane filtration system (Figure S1), FT-ICR mass spectra of influent DOM in membrane filtration systems (Figure S2), XPS full spectra of biofilms (Figure S3), variation in permeate flux of membrane filtration systems in the course of each experiment (Figure S4), principal water quality parameters of surface water (Table S1), area percent of XPS spectral peaks (Table S2), and biofilm surface texture of roughness data set (Table S3) (PDF)
支持信息包括 4 个图表和 3 个表格,补充了手稿中的结果。这些包括以下内容:膜过滤系统的示意图(图S1),膜过滤系统中进水DOM的FT-ICR质谱图(图S2),生物膜的XPS全谱图(图S3),膜过滤系统在每个实验过程中渗透通量的变化(图S4),地表水的主要水质参数(表S1), XPS光谱峰的面积百分比(表S2)和粗糙度数据集的生物膜表面纹理(表S3)(PDF)
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