逮麻雀、捉壁虎也违法？这些“三有”保护动物不能随便抓
Catching sparrows and lizards is also illegal? These "three have" protected animals cannot be caught casually.

央视网消息（记者/王卓婕）：鲁迅在《从百草园到三味书屋》中生动详细地描写了捕鸟的过程，但是，如今麻雀、壁虎、野鸡、野兔、蟾蜍、画眉等动物都被列入了“三有”保护动物名录，猎捕它们很有可能触犯法律。那么，什么是“三有”保护动物？猎捕它们将承担怎样的责任？如果家里出现保护动物，应该怎么处理？如果保护动物危及到人身安全，能不能采取反击措施？北京市盛廷律师事务所律师、合伙人崔慧平围绕这些问题进行了回答。
CCTV News (Reporter/Wang Zhuojie): Lu Xun vividly and in detail described the process of bird catching in "From Hundred Grass Garden to Three Flavor Study," but nowadays, animals such as sparrows, geckos, pheasants, hares, toads, and thrushes are listed in the "Three Haves" protected animals directory, and hunting them is likely to violate the law. So, what are "Three Haves" protected animals? What responsibilities will be borne for hunting them? If protected animals appear at home, how should they be handled? If protected animals endanger personal safety, can countermeasures be taken? Lawyer and partner Cui Huiping from Beijing Shengtian Law Firm answered these questions.

1.什么是“三有”保护动物？ 1. What are "Three Haves" protected animals?

崔慧平：根据《野生动物保护法》第十条第四款规定,”三有”保护动物是指有重要生态价值、有科学价值、有社会价值的陆生野生动物。这些动物虽然没有被列入国家重点保护野生动物名录，但列入了“三有”保护动物名录，同样受法律保护。常见的“三有”保护动物有麻雀、壁虎、蟾蜍、野鸡、野兔等等。
Cui Huiping: According to the fourth clause of Article 10 of the "Wildlife Protection Law," "Three Haves" protected animals refer to terrestrial wild animals that have important ecological value, scientific value, and social value. Although these animals are not listed in the national key protected wild animals directory, they are included in the "Three Haves" protected animals directory and are also protected by law. Common "Three Haves" protected animals include sparrows, geckos, toads, pheasants, wild rabbits, and so on.

2.猎捕“三有”保护动物将承担怎样的责任？ 2. What responsibilities will be borne for hunting "Three Haves" protected animals?

崔慧平：根据2022年4月9日施行的最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于办理破坏野生动物资源刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》，非法猎捕“三有”保护动物价值在1万元以上的，达到刑事立案标准，构成非法猎捕陆生野生动物罪，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者罚金。未达到刑事立案标准的，根据《野生动物保护法》相关规定，由野生动物行政主管部门没收猎捕物和违法所得，并处以罚款。
Cui Huiping: According to the "Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Destroying Wildlife Resources" issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, which came into effect on April 9, 2022, illegally hunting "Three Haves" protected animals with a value of more than 10,000 yuan meets the standard for criminal filing and constitutes the crime of illegal hunting of terrestrial wild animals, punishable by imprisonment of up to three years, criminal detention, control, or a fine. If the value does not meet the criminal filing standard, according to the relevant provisions of the "Wildlife Protection Law," the wildlife administrative department will confiscate the hunted animals and illegal gains, and impose a fine.

3.家里出现保护动物，应该怎样处理？ 3. How should protected animals be handled if they appear at home?

崔慧平：对于“三有”保护动物，抓一只也是违法行为。如果家里出现壁虎、麻雀、癞蛤蟆等“三有”保护动物，可以对其进行驱赶，猎捕杀害它们将承担法律责任。当然，如果仅仅是出于好奇和它们玩耍，没有伤害它们，就不违法。
Cui Huiping: For "three have" protected animals, catching even one is illegal. If "three have" protected animals such as geckos, sparrows, and toads appear in your home, you can drive them away, but hunting or killing them will bear legal responsibility. Of course, if you are just curious and play with them without harming them, it is not illegal.

4.如果保护动物危及到人身安全，能不能采取反击措施？
4. If protected animals endanger personal safety, can countermeasures be taken?

崔慧平：这种情形构成紧急避险，可以采取措施反制，不用承担法律责任。野生动物的生命属于公共财产，人的生命健康权高于任何财产权，如果保护动物危及到人身安全时，采取措施反制构成紧急避险，和正当防卫的效果相同，不用承担刑事责任。但紧急避险不能超过必要限度，超过必要限度的，也将承担法律责任。
Cui Huiping: This situation constitutes an emergency avoidance, and countermeasures can be taken without legal responsibility. The life of wild animals belongs to public property, and the right to life and health of people is higher than any property rights. If protected animals endanger personal safety, taking countermeasures constitutes emergency avoidance, which has the same effect as justifiable defense, and does not bear criminal responsibility. However, emergency avoidance cannot exceed the necessary limit, and if it exceeds the necessary limit, it will also bear legal responsibility.

5.如果保护动物破坏农作物，农民应该如何处理？  5. If protected animals damage crops, how should farmers deal with it?

崔慧平：既然是保护动物，就不能暴力伤害它们，只能驱赶它们离开。如果农作物受到国家和地方重点保护野生动物的破坏，造成了损失，根据《野生动物保护法》的相关规定，可以向当地政府申请补偿。
Cui Huiping: Since they are protected animals, they cannot be violently harmed, and they can only be driven away. If crops are damaged by nationally and locally key protected wild animals, causing losses, according to the relevant provisions of the "Wildlife Protection Law", compensation can be applied for from the local government.

6.无意间购买了保护动物怎么办？ What should I do if I accidentally purchase a protected animal?

崔慧平：不管是作为宠物贩卖、购买还是作为其他用途，一定要辨识清楚，一旦涉及受保护野生动物，将受到相关法律法规的惩罚。如果在不知情的情况下，购买了国家保护野生动物，不在人工繁育目录中，且购买的时候卖家未提供任何证件，可向当地森林公安机关举报，或者联系野生动物保护单位。
Cui Huiping: Whether it is for selling, buying as a pet, or for other purposes, it is important to clearly identify the animal. If it involves protected wildlife, you will be subject to relevant laws and regulations. If you unknowingly purchase a nationally protected wild animal that is not on the artificial breeding list and the seller did not provide any documents at the time of purchase, you can report it to the local forest public security authorities or contact wildlife protection units.