那电动自行车这种产品词，在美国地区，google上的搜索力和流量情况如何

AbstractElectric Powered Two Wheeler (EPTW) market has exploded the past decade. The EPTW is mainly an electric bike today but new electric scooters are entering the market as well and will add to the EPTW product mix. China is the dominant user and producer of electric bikes, with 150 million in use, and powerful electric scooters are beginning to appear there. Europe is the second biggest user of electric bikes with over a million sold each year. North American market is tiny in comparison but there is evidence that is to change. The breaking news is that nations in other continents are beginning to explore and are starting to put EBs and ESs into the market. This bodes well that the EPTW will have a respected place in the mix of local transportation that will be affordable and sustainable. EPTW sales will eventually exceed four wheel vehicle sales worldwide. That will be a permanent shift. New versions of the EPTW, like the General Motors/Segway Electric-Network Vehicle, will appear that will enlarge product choice and increase usage. Annual EPTW sales are projected to be 130 million by 2025 and 800 million by 2100. Four Wheel EVs annual sales are projected to grow to 2.5 million by 2025 and 100 million by 2100.

摘要随着互联网技术与社交媒体的飞速发展,网络热词已经成为我国互联网语境中一个难以忽视的热点现象,"duang""土豪"等词甚至被国外媒体所报道。本文通过全球最大的搜索引擎——谷歌所提供的谷歌趋势（Google Trends）功能作为研究工具,筛选出在美国网络空间拥有足够关注度的中国网络热词,以相应热词在美国地区的用户关注度数据作为数据来源,并结合具体案例对其进行关注度峰值、地域热度等方面的分析,挖掘数据背后的多方面价值。由此,本文进一步探寻了美国网民对中国热词关注度所带来的有关话语权的思考。

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the rankings of the top-n results of major search engines over time and to compare the rankings between these engines. We considered only the top-ten results, since users usually inspect only the first page returned by the search engine, which normally contains ten results. In particular, we compare rankings of the top ten results of the search engines Google and AlltheWeb on identical queries over a period of three weeks. The experiment was repeated twice, in October 2003 and in January 2004 in order to assess changes to the top ten results of some of the queries during a three months period. Results show that the rankings of AlltheWeb were highly stable over each period, while the rankings of Google underwent constant yet minor changes, with occasional major ones. Changes over time can be explained by the dynamic nature of the Web or by fluctuations in the search engines' indexes (especially when frequent switches in the rankings are observed). The top ten results of the two search engines have surprisingly low overlap. With such small overlap (occasionally only a single URL) the task of comparing the rankings of the two engines becomes extremely challenging, and additional measures are needed to assess rankings in such situations.

摘要 据美国 Cycle Electric 国际咨询公司报道,电动自行车市场在美国呈现了快速增长的态势,美国电动小摩托车(Scooter)也显示旺销的势头。轻型电动车辆包括:电动自行车、助动车、低座小摩托车、电动三轮车(16km/h)、电力助动轮椅(11km/h)、电动跑车(8～40km/h)、多用运货车(Utility/Carge 16～64km/h)、个人用快运车(Personal Transit-PRT 32～160km/h)以及常与高尔夫小车混淆的近距离用电动

摘要去年在美国销售的大部分电动自行车是从中国大陆或中国台湾进口的。还有一些是在当地装配加工的,其中最大的一家装配加工企业是位于佛罗里达州的Prodeco Tech。其他的则是产量相对较低的企业。最新统计数据显示,去年美国电动自行车销售量下降。而2014年的市场情况比较乐观,当时对2015年成交量预估为19.3万辆。

AbstractElectric vehicle sales will likely rise in the US this year, driven by global warming concerns and associated regulatory mandates, industry observers say. Overall, US light-vehicle sales will slip 2.3% to 16.5 million units in 2020 compared with 2019, according to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a trade association. The ongoing economic slowdown accounts for this general decline. In contrast, the consulting firm IHS Markit predicts that the percentage of US electric vehicle sales—including fuel-cell and hybrid-electric units—will more than double, from roughly 4% of overall vehicle sales in 2018 to 9% in 2020. Europe and China will see electric car sales surge from 6% of overall 2018 sales in each region to 23 and 19%, respectively, in 2020. Behind the increases are fleet carbon dioxide reduction targets in California and similar greenhouse gas reduction requirements in Europe and China. Kevin Swift, the ACC's chief economist, can't say if the

AbstractElectric vehicle sales will likely rise in the US this year, driven by global warming concerns and associated regulatory mandates, industry observers say. Overall, US light-vehicle sales will slip 2.3% to 16.5 million units in 2020 compared with 2019, according to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a trade association. The ongoing economic slowdown accounts for this general decline. In contrast, the consulting firm IHS Markit predicts that the percentage of US electric vehicle sales—including fuel-cell and hybrid-electric units—will more than double, from roughly 4% of overall vehicle sales in 2018 to 9% in 2020. Europe and China will see electric car sales surge from 6% of overall 2018 sales in each region to 23 and 19%, respectively, in 2020. Behind the increases are fleet carbon dioxide reduction targets in California and similar greenhouse gas reduction requirements in Europe and China. Kevin Swift, the ACC's chief economist, can't say if the

摘要唐·迪康斯坦佐是美国加州一电动自行车店的老板,他只用了一个词就解释了电动自行车受欢迎的原因,那就是:丘陵。他说:"我出售的不是电动自行车,而是快乐。"6年前他创立了这个品牌,电动自行车能够给像他这样正在老去的"婴儿潮"一代带来无限的乐趣。他们既需要新鲜的空气和锻炼,又不想出太多的汗,"我们90%的顾客在买电动自行车前都是骑行爱好者。"曾经的美国,汽车文化雄霸天下,电动自行车骑行不过是个小众的消遣活动。2013年美国的电动自行车销售

摘要去年在美国销售的大部分电动自行车是从中国大陆或中国台湾进口的。还有一些是在当地装配加工的,其中最大的一家装配加工企业是位于佛罗里达州的Prodeco Tech。其他的则是产量相对较低的企业。最新统计数据显示,去年美国电动自行车销售量下降。而2014年的市场情况比较乐观,当时对2015年成交量预估为19.3万辆。

AbstractElectric vehicle sales will likely rise in the US this year, driven by global warming concerns and associated regulatory mandates, industry observers say. Overall, US light-vehicle sales will slip 2.3% to 16.5 million units in 2020 compared with 2019, according to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a trade association. The ongoing economic slowdown accounts for this general decline. In contrast, the consulting firm IHS Markit predicts that the percentage of US electric vehicle sales—including fuel-cell and hybrid-electric units—will more than double, from roughly 4% of overall vehicle sales in 2018 to 9% in 2020. Europe and China will see electric car sales surge from 6% of overall 2018 sales in each region to 23 and 19%, respectively, in 2020. Behind the increases are fleet carbon dioxide reduction targets in California and similar greenhouse gas reduction requirements in Europe and China. Kevin Swift, the ACC's chief economist, can't say if the

摘要唐·迪康斯坦佐是美国加州一电动自行车店的老板,他只用了一个词就解释了电动自行车受欢迎的原因,那就是:丘陵。他说:"我出售的不是电动自行车,而是快乐。"6年前他创立了这个品牌,电动自行车能够给像他这样正在老去的"婴儿潮"一代带来无限的乐趣。他们既需要新鲜的空气和锻炼,又不想出太多的汗,"我们90%的顾客在买电动自行车前都是骑行爱好者。"曾经的美国,汽车文化雄霸天下,电动自行车骑行不过是个小众的消遣活动。2013年美国的电动自行车销售

AbstractThe bicycle has gone from being an old-fashioned recreational product to a less polluting means of transport and a compact, ultra-light personal mobility tool. This is how electrical bicycles will be used as the pillar that could support individual public transport in large cities worldwide. The objective of this manuscript is to detect how worldwide research on the electric bicycle is being developed, and, especially, around which scientific domains is it clustered, to finally identify the main trends in the field. This study has been carried out based on the Scopus database, where all the publications related to the topic of the electric bicycle have been analyzed up to the year 2017. ¨Therefore, research on the global research trends of this topic was conducted. Its evolution over time shows that since 2008 the growth of publications is much higher than in the previous period. The main countries are China and the USA, and it can be inferred that there are two major trend countries with high environmental awareness, which also have a large population and that the electric bicycle is a suitable and sustainable form of transport. Among the main scientific fields, engineering leads in research. The keyword analysis shows that the central theme is electric, then battery and motor stand out. A community detection was applied to detect the six main clusters of this research, largely dedicated to the following topics: Transportation–Environment, Electrical Engineering, Safety, Batteries, Sporting Goods–Urban Planning, and Mechanical Engineering. This manuscript shows that global research trends about the electric bicycle are increasing, and that it should be considered a means of sustainable urban transport and will therefore contribute to energy saving and sustainable energy.

AbstractThe bicycle has gone from being an old-fashioned recreational product to a less polluting means of transport and a compact, ultra-light personal mobility tool. This is how electrical bicycles will be used as the pillar that could support individual public transport in large cities worldwide. The objective of this manuscript is to detect how worldwide research on the electric bicycle is being developed, and, especially, around which scientific domains is it clustered, to finally identify the main trends in the field. This study has been carried out based on the Scopus database, where all the publications related to the topic of the electric bicycle have been analyzed up to the year 2017. ¨Therefore, research on the global research trends of this topic was conducted. Its evolution over time shows that since 2008 the growth of publications is much higher than in the previous period. The main countries are China and the USA, and it can be inferred that there are two major trend countries with high environmental awareness, which also have a large population and that the electric bicycle is a suitable and sustainable form of transport. Among the main scientific fields, engineering leads in research. The keyword analysis shows that the central theme is electric, then battery and motor stand out. A community detection was applied to detect the six main clusters of this research, largely dedicated to the following topics: Transportation–Environment, Electrical Engineering, Safety, Batteries, Sporting Goods–Urban Planning, and Mechanical Engineering. This manuscript shows that global research trends about the electric bicycle are increasing, and that it should be considered a means of sustainable urban transport and will therefore contribute to energy saving and sustainable energy.

AbstractElectric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEV) are promising solutions for fossil fuel conservation and pollution reduction for a safe environment and sustainable transportation. The design of these energy-efficient powertrains requires optimization of components, systems, and controls. Controls entail battery management, fuel consumption, driver performance demand emissions, and management strategy. The hardware optimization entails powertrain architecture, transmission type, power electronic converters, and energy storage systems. In this overview, all these factors are addressed and reviewed. Major challenges and future technologies for EV/HEV are also discussed. Published suggestions and recommendations are surveyed and evaluated in this review. The outcomes of detailed studies are presented in tabular form to compare the strengths and weaknesses of various methods. Furthermore, issues in the current research are discussed, and suggestions toward further advancement of the technology are offered. This article analyzes current research and suggests challenges and scope of future research in EV/HEV and can serve as a reference for those working in this field.

AbstractABSTRACT The use and purchase of electric bicycles (e-bikes) is emerging in many countries. Existing knowledge about changes in cycling patterns and car replacement after gaining e-bike access is limited and partly contradictory. Based on an online survey among e-bike users in Denmark (n = 427), this study looked into these effects by differentiating between different segments of e-bike users. We distinguished four age groups as well as three segments based on cycling attitudes and motives for the use and purchase of e-bikes: (1) enthusiastic e-bikers showed the most positive attitudes toward e-bikes and mainly bought an e-bike to increase cycling frequency; (2) utilitarian e-bikers already cycled regularly before having access to an e-bike and used the e-bike particularly for practical purposes and to reduce travel time; (3) recreational e-bikers were very positive about e-bike use but used it less regularly and mainly for long-distance recreational trips. Enthusiastic e-bikers reported the highest increase in overall cycling. Half of the enthusiastic e-bikers agreed that they bought the e-bike to replace a car. Differences between the four age groups were less pronounced. Nevertheless, we found that e-bike access decreased age differences in self-reported cycling frequency, whereas it increased differences in self-reported distances. Measures to increase e-bike use should primarily focus on potential enthusiastic e-bikers. Possible interventions include promotional campaigns at workplaces, intended to address not only instrumental but also affective motives of e-bike use.

AbstractElectric vehicles have the on-road capability only for shorter distances of urban travel. For the general user, the electric vehicle fails in comparison to the gasoline driven vehicle whose performance exceeds the requirements for urban travel. In addition, the price of an electric vehicle is higher than a gasoline vehicle despite imminent mass-production. The popularization of electric vehicles needs to reform public awareness to accept the high price of non-emission exhaust gases. The present day capabilities of electric vehicles are such that electric vehicles cannot replace all vehicles. Low emission vehicles such as those that use natural gas or alcohol for fuel, and hybrid vehicles with regenerating brakes must occupy a position in the marketplace in accordance with their purpose. Because vehicles have evolved hand in hand with fossil fuels huge costs and development efforts are essential if they are to part company with fossil fuels. Hopefully, existing gasoline and diesel engines will exert their territorial presence by markedly improving exhaust gas purification and energy efficiency.

AbstractABSTRACT The recent growth of new mobility services such as car-sharing (ZipCar, Car2Go) and ride-hailing (Uber, Lyft) has interesting implications for new vehicle technologies. We explore the users of the services and their relation to electric vehicles preferences by analyzing two large-scale mobility service surveys. A number of categories (car-share usage, ride-hail usage, commute mode, demographics, current vehicle attributes, environmental attitudes, technology attitudes, and life-stage information) are examined in order to determine the likelihood a respondent considers purchasing an electric vehicle in the future. Survey respondents explicitly expressed that exposure to ride-hailing did not increase their propensity for wanting to purchase an electric vehicle in the future. However, we run a full suite of cross-validation models and find that in addition to the typical factors used in modeling preferences, the use of new mobility services statistically increases the predictive power of our model to identify preferences for electric vehicles.

AbstractABSTRACT

AbstractThis article reports that though battery technology is currently limiting the growth of EVs, the search for improvements is spurring innovative engineering developments. As battery makers, automakers, national laboratories, and others continue their search for a practical source of electric power that will make electric vehicles (EVs) more viable, engineers worldwide are making progress in other areas of EV development. Vector control, for example, enables better regulation of motor torque and speed; composite and aluminum parts reduce the vehicle`s weight, which in turn reduces the load on the motor and battery; and flywheel energy storage systems, supercapacitors, regenerative brake systems, and hybrid/electric drive trains increase range and acceleration. Despite efforts to develop an electric vehicle from the ground up, most of the early EVs to be sold in the United States will likely be converted from gasoline-powered vehicles. Chrysler Corp., for example, is expected to sell electric versions of its minivans and build them on the same assembly line as its gasoline-powered vehicles to reduce costs. The pace of engineering development in this field is fast and furious. Indeed, it is virtually impossible to monitor all emerging EV technology. To meet their quotas, the major automakers may even consider buyingmore » credits from smaller, innovative EV manufacturers. But whatever stopgap measures vehicle makers take, technology development will be the driving force behind long-term EV growth.« less

AbstractThis article reports that though battery technology is currently limiting the growth of EVs, the search for improvements is spurring innovative engineering developments. As battery makers, automakers, national laboratories, and others continue their search for a practical source of electric power that will make electric vehicles (EVs) more viable, engineers worldwide are making progress in other areas of EV development. Vector control, for example, enables better regulation of motor torque and speed; composite and aluminum parts reduce the vehicle`s weight, which in turn reduces the load on the motor and battery; and flywheel energy storage systems, supercapacitors, regenerative brake systems, and hybrid/electric drive trains increase range and acceleration. Despite efforts to develop an electric vehicle from the ground up, most of the early EVs to be sold in the United States will likely be converted from gasoline-powered vehicles. Chrysler Corp., for example, is expected to sell electric versions of its minivans and build them on the same assembly line as its gasoline-powered vehicles to reduce costs. The pace of engineering development in this field is fast and furious. Indeed, it is virtually impossible to monitor all emerging EV technology. To meet their quotas, the major automakers may even consider buyingmore » credits from smaller, innovative EV manufacturers. But whatever stopgap measures vehicle makers take, technology development will be the driving force behind long-term EV growth.« less

摘要本报告首先探究了美国推进汽车节能减排、发展电动汽车的历史沿革。然后梳理了美国联邦政府层面在宏观战略、研发支持、个税抵免优惠等方面,以及加州政府层面在零排放汽车积分、购置补贴、交通政策、充电政策等方面发展电动汽车的政策措施。最后总结了未来美国电动汽车政策的发展方向并总结了对我国新能源汽车政策的启示。建议我国进一步完善财税优惠政策,加强充换电基础设施支持力度,鼓励节能与新能源汽车并行发展并出台相应经济性措施,鼓励地方因地制宜营造良好市场环境,从而推动我国新能源汽车产业健康稳定发展。

AbstractAlthough the rapid progress of the global economy and technology has advanced human civilization, it has also caused tremendous damage to the global ecological environment. Therefore, humans are thinking seriously about the environment and its sustainable development. One of the solutions to environmental problems is new energy vehicles. Since the promulgation of the “Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012–2020)” by the General Office of the State Council, the Chinese government has determined a strategy of pure electric driving technology. The electric vehicle market in China has expanded rapidly, making China the largest electric vehicle market in the world. Hence, research on the situation of electric vehicles in China is highly necessary and of reference value for other countries to develop electric vehicles. As a result, it is a critical issue to develop low-carbon, energy-saving, and intelligent electric vehicles to reduce the environmental impact. This paper establishes a theoretical framework based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT), and explores the key factors influencing consumers' purchase of electric vehicles. The results show that: The application of the key factor model constructed in this study to consumers' behavioral intention regarding electric vehicle purchase is acceptable. According to the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis results, (1) In terms of behavioral intention: Consumers' control over the resources required to purchase electric vehicles has the highest influence on their behavioral intention, while consultation opinions from consumers' surroundings also significantly affect their behavioral intention to purchase electric vehicles. In addition, consumers' environmental awareness and acceptance of technology products will also influence their behavioral intention. (2) In terms of attitude toward behavior: When consumers believe that electric vehicles are more beneficial at the individual, environment or national level, or they believe that the usage of electric vehicles is simpler and more convenient, they will show a more positive attitude towards the purchase of electric vehicles. Consumers consider electric vehicles as forward-looking technology products with similar driving operation and usage cost compared to traditional vehicles. (3) In terms of regulations: The opinions of consumers' family members, friends, colleagues or supervisors do not significantly affect the attitude or behavior of consumers regarding electric vehicle purchase. The key factors influencing consumers' purchase of electric vehicles are not only applicable to the design and development of electric vehicles that better suit consumer demands, but also serve as a theoretical basis for the popularization of electric vehicles, and provide a reference for consumers' choice and purchase. Therefore, the government and relevant manufacturers need to consider increasing the publicity of electric vehicles and launch more attractive battery and charging schemes to attract consumers and promote the sustainable development of the automobile industry.

AbstractAlthough the rapid progress of the global economy and technology has advanced human civilization, it has also caused tremendous damage to the global ecological environment. Therefore, humans are thinking seriously about the environment and its sustainable development. One of the solutions to environmental problems is new energy vehicles. Since the promulgation of the “Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012–2020)” by the General Office of the State Council, the Chinese government has determined a strategy of pure electric driving technology. The electric vehicle market in China has expanded rapidly, making China the largest electric vehicle market in the world. Hence, research on the situation of electric vehicles in China is highly necessary and of reference value for other countries to develop electric vehicles. As a result, it is a critical issue to develop low-carbon, energy-saving, and intelligent electric vehicles to reduce the environmental impact. This paper establishes a theoretical framework based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT), and explores the key factors influencing consumers' purchase of electric vehicles. The results show that: The application of the key factor model constructed in this study to consumers' behavioral intention regarding electric vehicle purchase is acceptable. According to the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis results, (1) In terms of behavioral intention: Consumers' control over the resources required to purchase electric vehicles has the highest influence on their behavioral intention, while consultation opinions from consumers' surroundings also significantly affect their behavioral intention to purchase electric vehicles. In addition, consumers' environmental awareness and acceptance of technology products will also influence their behavioral intention. (2) In terms of attitude toward behavior: When consumers believe that electric vehicles are more beneficial at the individual, environment or national level, or they believe that the usage of electric vehicles is simpler and more convenient, they will show a more positive attitude towards the purchase of electric vehicles. Consumers consider electric vehicles as forward-looking technology products with similar driving operation and usage cost compared to traditional vehicles. (3) In terms of regulations: The opinions of consumers' family members, friends, colleagues or supervisors do not significantly affect the attitude or behavior of consumers regarding electric vehicle purchase. The key factors influencing consumers' purchase of electric vehicles are not only applicable to the design and development of electric vehicles that better suit consumer demands, but also serve as a theoretical basis for the popularization of electric vehicles, and provide a reference for consumers' choice and purchase. Therefore, the government and relevant manufacturers need to consider increasing the publicity of electric vehicles and launch more attractive battery and charging schemes to attract consumers and promote the sustainable development of the automobile industry.

AbstractAlthough the rapid progress of the global economy and technology has advanced human civilization, it has also caused tremendous damage to the global ecological environment. Therefore, humans are thinking seriously about the environment and its sustainable development. One of the solutions to environmental problems is new energy vehicles. Since the promulgation of the “Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012–2020)” by the General Office of the State Council, the Chinese government has determined a strategy of pure electric driving technology. The electric vehicle market in China has expanded rapidly, making China the largest electric vehicle market in the world. Hence, research on the situation of electric vehicles in China is highly necessary and of reference value for other countries to develop electric vehicles. As a result, it is a critical issue to develop low-carbon, energy-saving, and intelligent electric vehicles to reduce the environmental impact. This paper establishes a theoretical framework based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT), and explores the key factors influencing consumers' purchase of electric vehicles. The results show that: The application of the key factor model constructed in this study to consumers' behavioral intention regarding electric vehicle purchase is acceptable. According to the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis results, (1) In terms of behavioral intention: Consumers' control over the resources required to purchase electric vehicles has the highest influence on their behavioral intention, while consultation opinions from consumers' surroundings also significantly affect their behavioral intention to purchase electric vehicles. In addition, consumers' environmental awareness and acceptance of technology products will also influence their behavioral intention. (2) In terms of attitude toward behavior: When consumers believe that electric vehicles are more beneficial at the individual, environment or national level, or they believe that the usage of electric vehicles is simpler and more convenient, they will show a more positive attitude towards the purchase of electric vehicles. Consumers consider electric vehicles as forward-looking technology products with similar driving operation and usage cost compared to traditional vehicles. (3) In terms of regulations: The opinions of consumers' family members, friends, colleagues or supervisors do not significantly affect the attitude or behavior of consumers regarding electric vehicle purchase. The key factors influencing consumers' purchase of electric vehicles are not only applicable to the design and development of electric vehicles that better suit consumer demands, but also serve as a theoretical basis for the popularization of electric vehicles, and provide a reference for consumers' choice and purchase. Therefore, the government and relevant manufacturers need to consider increasing the publicity of electric vehicles and launch more attractive battery and charging schemes to attract consumers and promote the sustainable development of the automobile industry.

AbstractMultiple new technologies have recently been introduced in the US automotive market in efforts to build markets for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug...

AbstractThe dependence of road transport on fossil fuels and its contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions are main concerns leading to the need for shifting toward alternative energy sources and, namely, electromobility. The current paper aims to identify the key determinants affecting the consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on private passenger cars. Toward this purpose, a systematic review of recent international literature is conducted in order to identify motivators and barriers, which are then categorized following the PESTLE (Political–Economic–Social–Technological–Legal–Environmental) approach. Based on the review results, main policy implications and recommendations are discussed. A main conclusion is that the recent literature highlights a wide array of determinants, without converging as to which ones are the most influential regarding EV adoption by consumers. Another conclusion is that the environmental aspects are less important for consumers than anticipated, despite the concerns about climate change and renewable energy transition.

摘要近些年来,当交通拥堵、空气污染日益成为困扰现代都市的老大难问题时,电动自行车作为一种环保、便捷、健康的绿色交通工具便应运而生。国外发展电动自行车较早的要数日本、德国以及欧洲各个国家,近几年来,美国对电动自行车的需求迅速升温。国外的电动自行车主要用于代步、休闲、健身和旅游。总体来说,电动自

AbstractPurposeThe current study aims to investigate the various consumption motives (hedonic, gain and normative) responsible for strengthening consumers' intentions toward purchase behavior for electric vehicle (EV).Design/methodology/approachA total of 411 valid survey responses were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to investigate the empirical fit of the hypothesized framework.FindingsThe results of structural equation modeling revealed that all three motives were positively correlated with purchase intentions for EV. Hedonic motives were found to have the strongest influence on purchase intentions. In addition, gain and normative motives were also found to be significant predictors of EV buying behavior. Further analysis revealed a positive correlation between gain, normative and hedonic motives. Moreover, personal moral standards seem to have a significant and positive impact on the positive emotions associated with buying EV.Practical implicationsThe results of current research can be useful for marketers while designing promotional strategies for all the high-involvement green products. Marketing professionals and policymakers can use these results to build effective marketing strategies for EVs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting from personal vehicle use.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study in the South Asian region that explores consumers' motives for EV purchase behavior. Further, this is among a few studies, which have attempted to investigate the impact of hedonic, gain and normative motives on green purchase behavior in the context of high involvement green products.

AbstractPlug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offer a promising pathway to decarbonizing the personal transportation sector, but PEV sales remains low. Prior research has found that direct experience with PEVs increases consumers' stated purchase consideration, but these studies have used relatively long exposure times (days to months) with a PEV. To assess the effect of shorter exposure times (e.g. minutes) on stated purchase consideration, we conducted an experiment at the 2019 Washington D.C. Auto Show. Participants (n = 6518) were asked to rate their level of consideration to adopt a PEV before and after riding in one of four different PEVs for just 3–5 min. We find that the experience of riding in a PEV on average had a significant, positive effect on participants' consideration ratings. We also find that the vast majority of respondents were unable to correctly answer basic knowledge questions about refueling a PEV and federal subsidies available for purchasing a PEV. These results suggest that while consumer knowledge about PEVs remains low, short rides or drives in a PEV could be an effective, more scalable strategy for increasing PEV consideration across larger populations.

摘要美国电动自行车市场也有了一项鼓舞人心的进展,越来越多的州政府接受了统一的法规。在欧洲,像这样的统一法规可以毫无异议地在所有成员国施行。而在美国却不同,因为这些法规条例并不是由美国政府制定的,而是由各州政府制定的。这意味着这些法规条例需要每个州都批准接受。

AbstractIn an effort to understand public acceptance and adoption behavior of smart vehicles technologies, this paper presents a detailed analysis of consumer preference for electric and autonomous vehicles. The analysis is based on the results of a recent survey conducted in the Chicago Metropolitan area. Multiple stated choice experiments are designed and the respondents are asked to choose the most preferable vehicle option to purchase among the four described alternatives: non-automated gasoline vehicle, non-automated electric vehicle, automated gasoline vehicle, and automated electric vehicle. This study adopts the random parameter logit model to estimate respondents' vehicle choice behavior while accounting for preference heterogeneity across respondents. We found that demographics, driving patterns, experience with technology and expectations for benefits/concerns affect participants' adoption behavior. It is also found that the possibility of imperfect performance in response to unexpected traffic situations is the most critical concern of respondents, while increased safety is the most significant expected benefit of automated vehicles. Young adults, well-educated and tech-savvy respondents, those with high annual VMT and those who have long-distance work trips are found to be more willing to choose automated and electric automated options.

AbstractPlug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offer a promising pathway to decarbonizing the personal transportation sector, but PEV sales remains low. Prior research has found that direct experience with PEVs increases consumers' stated purchase consideration, but these studies have used relatively long exposure times (days to months) with a PEV. To assess the effect of shorter exposure times (e.g. minutes) on stated purchase consideration, we conducted an experiment at the 2019 Washington D.C. Auto Show. Participants (n = 6518) were asked to rate their level of consideration to adopt a PEV before and after riding in one of four different PEVs for just 3–5 min. We find that the experience of riding in a PEV on average had a significant, positive effect on participants' consideration ratings. We also find that the vast majority of respondents were unable to correctly answer basic knowledge questions about refueling a PEV and federal subsidies available for purchasing a PEV. These results suggest that while consumer knowledge about PEVs remains low, short rides or drives in a PEV could be an effective, more scalable strategy for increasing PEV consideration across larger populations.

摘要日前,来自美国的Karmic公司推出一款名为Oslo电动自行车,该款电动自行车将链条、刹车线和电池都封闭在它的车身内,从设计上看极具未来科技感,但高达1 499美元售价让更多人望而却步。Oslo电动自行车拥有单速电动自行车类似

摘要 专利发明人迪安·卡门发明的名为“塞格威”的神秘产品经过约一年的喧闹,目前终于被撩开了半明半暗的面纱。我们不能不惊叹它的露面会在美国的媒体引起如此强烈的轰动。 为什么在这里要冠以“神秘”字样?为什么会引起强烈轰动?

AbstractTurnover, extreme returns, news and advertising expense are indirect proxies of investor attention. In contrast, we propose a direct measure of investor demand for attention -- active attention -- using search frequency in Google (SVI). In a sample of Russell 3000 stocks from 2004 to 2008, we find SVI to be correlated with but different from existing proxies of investor attention. In addition, SVI captures investor attention on a more timely basis. SVI allows us to shed new light on how retail investor attention affects the returns to IPO stocks and price momentum strategies. Using retail order execution in SEC Rule 11Ac1-5 reports, we establish a strong and direct link between SVI changes and trading by less sophisticated individual investors. Increased retail attention as measured by SVI during the IPO contributes to the large first-day return and long-run underperformance of IPO stocks. We also document stronger price momentum among stocks with higher levels of SVI, consistent with the explanation of momentum proposed by Daniel, Hirshleifer and Subrahmanyam (1998).

AbstractTurnover, extreme returns, news and advertising expense are indirect proxies of investor attention. In contrast, we propose a direct measure of investor demand for attention -- active attention -- using search frequency in Google (SVI). In a sample of Russell 3000 stocks from 2004 to 2008, we find SVI to be correlated with but different from existing proxies of investor attention. In addition, SVI captures investor attention on a more timely basis. SVI allows us to shed new light on how retail investor attention affects the returns to IPO stocks and price momentum strategies. Using retail order execution in SEC Rule 11Ac1-5 reports, we establish a strong and direct link between SVI changes and trading by less sophisticated individual investors. Increased retail attention as measured by SVI during the IPO contributes to the large first-day return and long-run underperformance of IPO stocks. We also document stronger price momentum among stocks with higher levels of SVI, consistent with the explanation of momentum proposed by Daniel, Hirshleifer and Subrahmanyam (1998).

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the rankings of the top-n results of major search engines over time and to compare the rankings between these engines. We considered only the top-ten results, since users usually inspect only the first page returned by the search engine, which normally contains ten results. In particular, we compare rankings of the top ten results of the search engines Google and AlltheWeb on identical queries over a period of three weeks. The experiment was repeated twice, in October 2003 and in January 2004 in order to assess changes to the top ten results of some of the queries during a three months period. Results show that the rankings of AlltheWeb were highly stable over each period, while the rankings of Google underwent constant yet minor changes, with occasional major ones. Changes over time can be explained by the dynamic nature of the Web or by fluctuations in the search engines' indexes (especially when frequent switches in the rankings are observed). The top ten results of the two search engines have surprisingly low overlap. With such small overlap (occasionally only a single URL) the task of comparing the rankings of the two engines becomes extremely challenging, and additional measures are needed to assess rankings in such situations.

AbstractElectric Powered Two Wheeler (EPTW) market has exploded the past decade. The EPTW is mainly an electric bike today but new electric scooters are entering the market as well and will add to the EPTW product mix. China is the dominant user and producer of electric bikes, with 150 million in use, and powerful electric scooters are beginning to appear there. Europe is the second biggest user of electric bikes with over a million sold each year. North American market is tiny in comparison but there is evidence that is to change. The breaking news is that nations in other continents are beginning to explore and are starting to put EBs and ESs into the market. This bodes well that the EPTW will have a respected place in the mix of local transportation that will be affordable and sustainable. EPTW sales will eventually exceed four wheel vehicle sales worldwide. That will be a permanent shift. New versions of the EPTW, like the General Motors/Segway Electric-Network Vehicle, will appear that will enlarge product choice and increase usage. Annual EPTW sales are projected to be 130 million by 2025 and 800 million by 2100. Four Wheel EVs annual sales are projected to grow to 2.5 million by 2025 and 100 million by 2100.

AbstractElectric Powered Two Wheeler (EPTW) market has exploded the past decade. The EPTW is mainly an electric bike today but new electric scooters are entering the market as well and will add to the EPTW product mix. China is the dominant user and producer of electric bikes, with 150 million in use, and powerful electric scooters are beginning to appear there. Europe is the second biggest user of electric bikes with over a million sold each year. North American market is tiny in comparison but there is evidence that is to change. The breaking news is that nations in other continents are beginning to explore and are starting to put EBs and ESs into the market. This bodes well that the EPTW will have a respected place in the mix of local transportation that will be affordable and sustainable. EPTW sales will eventually exceed four wheel vehicle sales worldwide. That will be a permanent shift. New versions of the EPTW, like the General Motors/Segway Electric-Network Vehicle, will appear that will enlarge product choice and increase usage. Annual EPTW sales are projected to be 130 million by 2025 and 800 million by 2100. Four Wheel EVs annual sales are projected to grow to 2.5 million by 2025 and 100 million by 2100.

AbstractA search engine is known as software that is accessed on the internet which aids in searching a database of information accor ding to the users query. The engine provides a list of results that best match what the user is trying to find. Today various types of search engines are available on the internet each with its own abilities and features. Search engines became an important day to day tool for finding the required information without knowing where exactly it is stored. Internet usage has been tremendously increased in recent days with the easy to use search engines like Google, Bing and Yahoo!. There are different types of search engines to get the information that one is looking for. The most used world -wide search engine is Google. There are a number of different international search engines and US search engines. In this study different types of search engines are analyzed. The study tries to find which search engines are mostly used and why they are preferred in particular selected countries. The study is based on collected statistics of usage of top search engines in selected countries. The study also evaluates based on which features the search engines varies and why search engines varies from country to country.

AbstractOrganic product search results on Google and Bing do not systematically include information about seller characteristics (e.g., feedback ratings and prices). Consequently, it is often assumed that a retailer's organic traffic is driven by the prominence of its position in the list of search results. We propose a novel measure of the prominence of a retailer's name, and show that it is also an important predictor of the organic traffic retailers enjoy from product searches through Google and Bing. We also show that failure to account for the prominence of retailers' names—as well as the endogeneity of retailers' positions in the list of search results—significantly inflates the estimated impact of screen position on organic clicks.

摘要随着互联网技术与社交媒体的飞速发展,网络热词已经成为我国互联网语境中一个难以忽视的热点现象,"duang""土豪"等词甚至被国外媒体所报道。本文通过全球最大的搜索引擎——谷歌所提供的谷歌趋势（Google Trends）功能作为研究工具,筛选出在美国网络空间拥有足够关注度的中国网络热词,以相应热词在美国地区的用户关注度数据作为数据来源,并结合具体案例对其进行关注度峰值、地域热度等方面的分析,挖掘数据背后的多方面价值。由此,本文进一步探寻了美国网民对中国热词关注度所带来的有关话语权的思考。

AbstractElectric Powered Two Wheeler (EPTW) market has exploded the past decade. The EPTW is mainly an electric bike today but new electric scooters are entering the market as well and will add to the EPTW product mix. China is the dominant user and producer of electric bikes, with 150 million in use, and powerful electric scooters are beginning to appear there. Europe is the second biggest user of electric bikes with over a million sold each year. North American market is tiny in comparison but there is evidence that is to change. The breaking news is that nations in other continents are beginning to explore and are starting to put EBs and ESs into the market. This bodes well that the EPTW will have a respected place in the mix of local transportation that will be affordable and sustainable. EPTW sales will eventually exceed four wheel vehicle sales worldwide. That will be a permanent shift. New versions of the EPTW, like the General Motors/Segway Electric-Network Vehicle, will appear that will enlarge product choice and increase usage. Annual EPTW sales are projected to be 130 million by 2025 and 800 million by 2100. Four Wheel EVs annual sales are projected to grow to 2.5 million by 2025 and 100 million by 2100.