Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: A Fiery World
夏威夷火山國家公園：熾熱的世界

編者註：今年是美國國家公園管理局成立 100 週年。

如今，國家公園管理局保護著從東海岸到西海岸的 400 多個公園和歷史遺跡。每週，美國之音慢速英語都會介紹國家公園管理局的一個場所。

本週的國家公園之旅將帶我們前往太平洋中部和美國的第 50 個州。我們正在探索夏威夷火山國家公園這個獨特而熾熱的世界。

Most people would say that the tallest mountain on Earth is Mount Everest, near the border between Nepal and Tibet.
大多數人會說地球上最高的山是位於尼泊爾和西藏邊境的珠穆朗瑪峰。

但確實存在一座比珠穆朗瑪峰還高300公尺的山。然而，大部分都在水下。它始於太平洋底部，距離海底高出 17 公里多。它的名字是莫納羅亞山。

在夏威夷語中，莫納羅亞火山的意思是「長山」。莫納羅亞火山佔夏威夷島一半以上的面積，是夏威夷八大島之一。

​Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on Earth. It last burst in 1984. Today, Mauna Loa is quiet. But volcano experts say it is only a matter of time before it bursts again.
莫納羅亞火山是地球上最大的火山。上次爆發是在 1984 年。但火山專家表示，火山再次爆發只是時間問題。

Mauna Loa is one of two volcanoes within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The other is Kilauea. It is the most active volcano in the world. Red-hot liquid rock, or lava, has continuously flowed from Kilauea since 1983.

Most of the time, the lava appears to move peacefully toward the ocean. But it is not as peaceful as it seems from a distance. In 2014, the lava flowed through one small town on the island. It slowly covered the town, blocking and destroying roads.

​

Nothing can stop the lava of Kilauea.
沒有什麼可以阻止基拉韋厄火山的熔岩。

When the lava reaches the ocean, its fierce heat produces steam. The lava is so hot that it continues to burn underwater. It cools and hardens over time, creating new land.
當熔岩到達海洋時，其強烈的熱量會產生蒸氣。熔岩非常熱，在水下持續燃燒。隨著時間的推移，它會冷卻、硬化，形成新的土地。

This volcanic action is what formed, and continues to form, the Hawaiian Islands.
正是這次火山活動形成了夏威夷群島，並且仍在繼續形成。

Shaping the land塑造土地

That volcanic action is one of many unusual features at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
火山活動是夏威夷火山國家公園眾多不尋常的特徵之一。

The park’s volcanic landscape is almost otherworldly. In fact, NASA uses the top of Mauna Loa to simulate life on Mars for researchers.
公園的火山景觀幾乎是超凡脫俗的。事實上，美國太空總署利用莫納羅亞山頂為研究人員模擬火星上的生命。

The national park has seven ecological areas, including woodlands, rainforests, and even snowy climates.
國家公園有七個生態區，包括林地、雨林，甚至雪域氣候。

It is home to many native plants and animals. Many endangered species live within the park, such as the hawksbill turtle, the Hawaiian hawk and Hawaiian goose, or nene.
這裡是許多本地植物和動物的家。公園內生活著許多瀕危物種，如玳瑁、夏威夷鷹、夏威夷鵝或夏威夷雁。

Evidence of Hawaii’s native culture is preserved at the park. The park includes remains of the homes and other structures used by the ancient people of the islands.
公園裡保存著夏威夷本土文化的證據。公園內保留著島上古代居民使用的房屋和其他建築的遺跡。

There are also thousands of petroglyphs created thousands of years ago. Petroglyphs are images carved into rock. The images help explain the living conditions and traditions of the ancient Hawaiians.
這裡還有數千年前創作的岩畫。岩畫是雕刻在岩石上的圖像。這些圖像有助於解釋古代夏威夷人的生活條件和傳統。

Hawaiian legend places Mauna Loa at the center of the spiritual world. Pele is the goddess of the volcano. In one traditional story, Pele tries to win the love and attention of the husband of her sister, the sea goddess.
夏威夷傳說將莫納羅亞火山視為精神世界的中心。佩蕾是火山女神。在一個傳統故事中，佩蕾試圖贏得她姐姐的丈夫——海女神的愛和關注。
Her sister becomes very angry, making powerful ocean waves and floods. Pele seeks a safe place to avoid the punishment. She finally arrives at Mauna Loa. It is so tall that the water cannot threaten her. The volcano goddess makes Mauna Loa her home.​
她的姐姐變得非常憤怒，引發了強大的海浪和洪水。貝利尋找一個安全的地方以避免受到懲罰。她最終抵達了莫納羅亞火山。它太高了，水對她威脅不到。火山女神將莫納羅亞山作為她的家。

The U.S. National Parks Service works to protect these natural landscapes important to today’s Hawaiians and to their ancestors.
美國國家公園管理局致力於保護這些對當今夏威夷人及其祖先至關重要的自然景觀。

Visiting the volcanoes參觀火山

More than 1.5 million people visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park each year.
每年有超過 150 萬人參觀夏威夷火山國家公園。

Visitors can experience the park’s volcanoes in several ways. Some people fly over the volcanoes in airplanes or helicopters. This is a safe and popular way to watch Kilauea’s lava moving slowly toward the ocean.
遊客可以透過多種方式體驗公園的火山。有些人乘坐飛機或直升機飛越火山。這是觀看基拉韋厄火山熔岩緩慢流向海洋的一種安全且流行的方式。

Visitors can also explore Kilauea’s Crater Rim Drive. The crater is the round area that leads down to a volcano. The Crater Rim Drive is 18-kilometers around.
遊客還可以探索基拉韋厄火山口邊緣路。火山口是通往火山的圓形區域。火山口邊緣路週長 18 公里。

Adventure-seeking travelers may wish to climb to the top of the park’s other volcano, Mauna Loa. It is considered the world’s largest single mountain. The Mauna Loa Trail climbs almost 35 kilometers to the volcano’s summit. There is no shade or protection from the strong Hawaiian sun.
追求冒險的遊客可能希望攀登公園的另一座火山——莫納羅亞火山的頂部。它被認為是世界上最大的單體山峰。莫納羅亞山徑長達 35 公里，直達火山頂峰。沒有任何遮蔭處或遮擋物可以抵禦夏威夷強烈的陽光。

Most hikers can climb the trail in two days. Mauna Loa’s summit is almost always cold, and often snowy. Hikers can stay in a simple house at the top of the mountain before they begin the trip back down.
大多數徒步旅行者可以在兩天內爬完這條路。莫納羅亞火山的山頂幾乎總是寒冷，而且經常下雪。徒步旅行者可以在下山之前在山頂的一間簡陋的房子裡住一晚。

The park has shorter hikes, as well, including the 2-kilomoeter Pu’u Petroglyphs Trail. Visitors walk through lava fields filled with petroglyphs. The images document the life and culture of native Hawaiians.
公園內還有較短的健行路線，包括 2 公里長的 Pu'u 岩畫小徑。遊客穿過佈滿岩畫的熔岩原。這些圖像記錄了夏威夷原住民的生活和文化。

The Devastation Trail winds through a part of the park that was destroyed by the 1959 eruption of the Kilauea Iki crater. During the burst, hot ash and huge pieces of volcanic rock, called pumice, fell on the area. The forested area, thick with trees, was burned. Today, plant life is returning.
毀滅之路蜿蜒穿過公園的一部分，該部分在 1959 年基拉韋厄伊基火山口的噴發中被摧毀。爆發期間，熾熱的灰燼和巨大的火山岩（稱為浮石）落到該地區。樹木茂密的森林地區被燒毀。如今，植物生命正在恢復。

The Devastation Trail is near another interesting site within the park: the Thurston Lava Tube. A 20-minute walk through a forest leads to a cave-like tube. The lava tube was discovered in 1913.
毀滅之路 (Devastation Trail) 靠近公園內另一個有趣的景點：瑟斯頓熔岩管 (Thurston Lava Tube) 。穿過森林步行 20 分鐘即可到達一個類似洞穴的管道。該熔岩管於 1913 年被發現。

Today, visitors can walk through it. A path of lights marks the way.
如今，遊客可以漫步其中。一條燈光路指引著前路。

But hundreds of years earlier, a fierce river of red lava rushed through the tube, another reminder of the ever-changing and violent nature of Hawaii’s volcanoes.
但數百年前，一條兇猛的紅色熔岩河從管道中奔湧而出，再次提醒人們夏威夷火山不斷變化且劇烈的性質。

I'm Ashley Thompson.我是艾希莉湯普森。

And I'm Caty Weaver.我是凱蒂·韋弗。

Ashley Thompson wrote this report. It was based on materials from the VOA Learning English archive and the National Parks Service. Hai Do and Caty Weaver were the editors.
阿什利·湯普森撰寫了本報告。該報告是根據美國之音慢速英語檔案和國家公園管理局的資料。 Hai Do 和 Caty Weaver 擔任編輯。

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Words in This Story

journey - n. an act of traveling from one place to another​

unique - adj. very special or unusual

lava - n. melted rock from a volcano​

simulate - v. to look, feel, or behave like (something)​

summit - n. the highest point of a mountain​

hike - n. a usually long walk especially for pleasure or exercise​

wind - v. to follow a series of curves and turns​

crater - n. the area on top of a volcano that is shaped like a bowl​

pumice - n. a gray stone that comes from volcanoes, is full of small holes, has a very light weight, and is used especially for smoothing and polishing things or for softening the skin​

tube - n. a long, hollow object

rush - v. to flow or move very quickly in a particular direction​

reminder - n. something that causes you to remember or to think about something​