标题:

Atmospheric impacts of improved sea-surface iodide fields.
改善海面碘化物场对大气的影响。

作者:
Sherwen, Tomás1,2 (AUTHOR)
Wadley, Martin3 (AUTHOR)
Chance, Rosie2 (AUTHOR)
Tinel, Liselotte2 (AUTHOR)
Evans, Mat1,2 (AUTHOR)
Carpenter, Lucy2 (AUTHOR)
Stevens, David3 (AUTHOR)
Hughes, Claire4 (AUTHOR)
Jickells, Tim5 (AUTHOR)
来源:
Geophysical Research Abstracts. 2019, Vol. 21, p1-1. 1p.
地球物理研究文摘。 2019年，卷。 21，第1-1页。 1p。
文献类型:
Article  文章
主题词语:
*IODINE compounds
*IODIDES
*OZONE layer depletion
*ATMOSPHERIC composition
*大气成分
*ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
*BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
*TROPOSPHERIC ozone
NAICS/行业代码:
325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
325180其他基础无机化学品制造
325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
325189所有其他基本无机化学品制造
摘要:
Halogens (Cl, Br, I) have been shown to play a profound role in determining the concentrations of ozone and OH in the troposphere. Iodine, which is essentially oceanic in source, exerts its largest atmospheric impacts in the marine boundary layer, and in the upper troposphere. This chemistry has only recently been implemented into global models and significant uncertainties remain. The magnitude of emissions of iodine compounds from the oceans is, and the associated ozone sink, are particularly uncertain. These emissions are dominated by the inorganic oxidation of iodide in the sea surface by ozone, which leads to release of gaseous inorganic iodine (HOI, I2) and both processes contribute to the loss of ozone. Critical for calculation of these fluxes is the sea-surface concentration of iodide, which is poorly constrained by observations. Here we explore the impact of sea-surface iodide on atmospheric composition, through gas-phase iodine chemistry. We use new spatially and temporally resolved distribution fields for present-day and pre-industrial concentrations. We use a present-day iodide field predicted by a multivariate and nonparametric parameterization (Sherwen et al, 2019), built using a machine learning approach which exploits observations of sea-surface iodide and existing sea-surface climatological products (e.g. temperature, salinity, nitrate, depth). We also look at atmospheric impacts from a new sea-surface iodide output from a new process-based ocean model for both present-day and pre-industrial. The present-day sea-surface iodide fields better compare against a recently expanded dataset of observations (Chance et al 2019), than existing parameterisations used by atmospheric models (Chance et al 2014, MacDonald et al 2014). We assess the atmospheric impacts of these new fields within the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model, which includes atmospheric halogen (Cl, Br, I) chemistry. In the present-day, we show modest changes on the tropospheric ozone burden compared to the generally used iodide fields from MacDonald et al (2014), but large increases in iodine emissions. Historical constraints on modelled impacts of iodine have been from the gas-phase observations, however, this work takes a new perspective of constraining iodine's impacts on atmospheric chemistry by using sea-surface iodide observations (Chance et al 2019). Chance, R., et al., The distribution of iodide at the sea surface, Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 16, 1841–1859, 2014.Chance, R., et al., Global sea-surface iodide observations, 1967-2018, in prep, 2019.MacDonald, S. M., et al, A laboratory characterisation of inorganic iodine emissions from the sea surface: dependence on oceanic variables and parameterisation for global modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5841–5852, 2014.Sherwen, T., et al, A machine learning based global sea-surface iodide distribution, in prep, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
卤素（Cl、Br、I）已被证明在确定对流层中臭氧和 OH 浓度方面发挥着深远的作用。碘的来源主要是海洋，在海洋边界层和对流层上层发挥最大的大气影响。这种化学反应最近才被应用到全球模型中，并且仍然存在很大的不确定性。海洋中碘化合物的排放量以及相关的臭氧汇尤其不确定。这些排放主要是臭氧对海面碘化物的无机氧化，导致气态无机碘（HOI、I2）的释放，这两个过程都会导致臭氧的损失。计算这些通量的关键是海面碘化物浓度，该浓度很少受到观测的限制。在这里，我们通过气相碘化学探索海面碘化物对大气成分的影响。我们使用新的空间和时间解析分布场来表示当今和工业化前的集中度。我们使用通过多元和非参数参数化预测的当今碘化物场（Sherwen 等人，2019），该方法使用机器学习方法构建，该方法利用对海面碘化物和现有海面气候产品（例如温度、盐度、硝酸盐，深度）。我们还研究了当今和工业化前基于新过程的海洋模型所输出的新海面碘化物对大气的影响。目前的海面碘化物场与最近扩展的观测数据集（Chance 等人，2019 年）相比，比大气模型使用的现有参数化（Chance 等人，2014 年；MacDonald 等人，2014 年）更好。 我们在 GEOS-Chem 全球化学品传输模型中评估了这些新领域对大气的影响，其中包括大气卤素（Cl、Br、I）化学。目前，我们发现与 MacDonald 等人（2014 年）普遍使用的碘化物场相比，对流层臭氧负担发生了适度变化，但碘排放量却大幅增加。历史上对碘影响建模的限制来自于气相观测，然而，这项工作采用了新的视角，通过使用海面碘化物观测来限制碘对大气化学的影响（Chance 等人，2019）。 Chance, R. 等人，海面碘化物的分布，环境。 Sci.：过程影响，16, 1841–1859, 2014。Chance, R., et al.，全球海面碘化物观测，1967-2018，准备中，2019。MacDonald, SM, et al.，实验室表征海面无机碘排放：对海洋变量和全球建模参数化的依赖，Atmos。化学。 Phys., 14, 5841–5852, 2014。Sherwen, T., et al, 基于机器学习的全球海面碘化物分布，准备中，2019 年。[作者摘要]
 
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作者单位:
1National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Chemistry, York, YO10 5DD, UK
1国家大气科学中心 (NCAS)，化学系，约克，YO10 5DD，英国
2Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), Department of Chemistry, York, YO10 5DD, UK
2沃尔夫森大气化学实验室 (WACL)，化学系，约克，YO10 5DD，英国
3Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Science, School of Mathematics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
3东安格利亚大学数学学院海洋与大气科学中心，诺维奇，NR4 7TJ，英国
4Environment Department, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
4约克大学环境系，约克，YO10 5NG，英国
5Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
5东安格利亚大学环境科学学院海洋与大气科学中心，诺里奇，NR4 7TJ，英国
ISSN:  国际刊号：
1029-7006
入藏编号:
140490715
数据库:
Academic Search Ultimate  学术搜索终极版