輔酶 Q10(CoQ10)是一種受歡迎的營養補充劑,並且是一種脂溶性抗氧化劑,人體內可內源性產生。它也是線粒體電子傳遞鏈的重要組成部分(Aaseth et al., 2021)。Maes 等人進行的病例對照研究顯示,與健康受試者相比,慢性疲勞綜合症患者的血漿 CoQ10 水平較低(Maes et al., 2009a;Maes et al., 2009b)。還發現 CoQ10 水平與疲勞嚴重程度之間存在統計學上顯著的反向關係(Maes et al., 2009a)。因此,CoQ10 補充劑已成功應用於減少各種病症患者的疲勞,包括慢性疲勞綜合症(Castro-Marrero et al., 2015;Castro-Marrero et al., 2016;Fukuda et al., 2016;Castro-Marrero et al., 2021)和纖維肌痛症(Cordero et al., 2013;Miyamae et al., 2013;Di Pierro et al., 2017),以及健康受試者(Morikawa et al., 2019;Mizuno et al., 2020)。然而,在不同的試驗中已識別出臨床結果的不一致性。 因此,在本研究中,我們進行了系統性回顧和統合分析,以調查輔酶 Q10 治療對疲勞症狀和綜合症的影響。
2 材料與方法
2.1 一般指導方針
我們遵循最新版本的 PRISMA 2020 指導方針(補充表 S1)進行了這項元分析(Page et al., 2021a)。本研究已在 INPLASY 註冊,註冊號碼
INPLASY202210113 (Tsai and Chang, 2022) 不需要倫理審查委員會的批准或參與者的知情同意。
數據提取和轉換,以及使用不同 CoQ10 劑量的各個研究組的結果合併,均根據《科克倫系統評價干預手冊》和相關醫學文獻的建議進行處理(Hozo et al., 2005; Higgins et al., 2021a; Higgins et al., 2021b)。如果在多個時間點有可用的治療後數據,我們提取了在干預結束時報告的結果進行統計分析。對於交叉研究,我們僅包括第一個研究區間,以避免延續效應(Higgins et al., 2021a)。
2.8 統計分析
由於所納入研究的目標人群的異質性,本次統合分析採用了隨機效應模型(Borenstein et al., 2009),並使用綜合統合分析軟體(版本 3,Biostat,Englewood,NJ,美國)進行。雙尾 pp 值小於 0.05 被視為具有統計學意義。
" Peel
(2015)" Australia Poliomyelitis " CoQ10: 39//15^(b,d)
Placebo: 32//17" "69.9+-8.4^(b)
69.8+-8.2" RCT, double-blind Coordination center Matrix sequence - Cancer and Polio Research Fund (UK)
Sanoobar Iran Multiple sclerosis CoQ10: 20/2 ^("c ") 33.1+-7.6^("c ") RCT, Not mentioned Not mentioned - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
(2016) Placebo: 21/2 30.9+-7.7 double-blind
Di Pierro Italy Fibromyalgia CoQ10: 12/0 ^("b,c ") 52.5+-10.4^(b,c) RCT, Coin tossing Coin tossing N/A
(2017) Placebo: 10/0 53.6+-7.8 open-label
Morikawa Japan Healthy subjects CoQ10: 16/14 ^("b ") 40.5+-7.3^("b ") RCT, Not mentioned Stratified block - Kaneka, Inc.
(2019) Placebo: 16/14 42.9+-7.3 double-blind
Mizuno Japan Healthy subjects with fatigue CoQ10: 28/14 ^("b,c ") 42.1+-10.9^("b,c ") RCT, Not mentioned Stratified - Kaneka, Inc.
(2020) Placebo: 13/7 41.3+-13.4 double-blind - Japan Science and Technology Agency
Mousavi Iran Health subjects (nurses) CoQ10: 47/7 ^(@) 35.1+-8.1^("c ") RCT, Assignment Permuted block - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
(2020) with fatigue Placebo: 45/6 35.7+-8.9 double-blind double-blinded
Castro-Marrero Spain Chronic fatigue syndrome CoQ10+NADH: 72/0 ^("c ") 45.38+-7.81^("c ") RCT, Independent Random number - Vitae Health Innovation
(2021) Placebo: 72/0 46.79+-6.48 double-blind investigator - Vall d'Hebron Hospital
Research Institute| $\begin{aligned} & \text { Peel } \\ & (2015) \end{aligned}$ | Australia | Poliomyelitis | $\begin{aligned} & \text { CoQ10: } 39 / 15^{\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{~d}} \\ & \text { Placebo: } 32 / 17 \end{aligned}$ | $\begin{aligned} & 69.9 \pm 8.4^{b} \\ & 69.8 \pm 8.2 \end{aligned}$ | RCT, double-blind | Coordination center | Matrix sequence | - Cancer and Polio Research Fund (UK) |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| Sanoobar | Iran | Multiple sclerosis | CoQ10: 20/2 ${ }^{\text {c }}$ | $33.1 \pm 7.6^{\text {c }}$ | RCT, | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | - Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
| (2016) | | | Placebo: 21/2 | $30.9 \pm 7.7$ | double-blind | | | |
| Di Pierro | Italy | Fibromyalgia | CoQ10: 12/0 ${ }^{\text {b,c }}$ | $52.5 \pm 10.4^{\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{c}}$ | RCT, | Coin tossing | Coin tossing | N/A |
| (2017) | | | Placebo: 10/0 | $53.6 \pm 7.8$ | open-label | | | |
| Morikawa | Japan | Healthy subjects | CoQ10: 16/14 ${ }^{\text {b }}$ | $40.5 \pm 7.3^{\text {b }}$ | RCT, | Not mentioned | Stratified block | - Kaneka, Inc. |
| (2019) | | | Placebo: 16/14 | $42.9 \pm 7.3$ | double-blind | | | |
| Mizuno | Japan | Healthy subjects with fatigue | CoQ10: 28/14 ${ }^{\text {b,c }}$ | $42.1 \pm 10.9^{\text {b,c }}$ | RCT, | Not mentioned | Stratified | - Kaneka, Inc. |
| (2020) | | | Placebo: 13/7 | $41.3 \pm 13.4$ | double-blind | | | - Japan Science and Technology Agency |
| Mousavi | Iran | Health subjects (nurses) | CoQ10: 47/7 ${ }^{\circ}$ | $35.1 \pm 8.1^{\text {c }}$ | RCT, | Assignment | Permuted block | - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences |
| (2020) | | with fatigue | Placebo: 45/6 | $35.7 \pm 8.9$ | double-blind | double-blinded | | |
| Castro-Marrero | Spain | Chronic fatigue syndrome | CoQ10+NADH: 72/0 ${ }^{\text {c }}$ | $45.38 \pm 7.81^{\text {c }}$ | RCT, | Independent | Random number | - Vitae Health Innovation |
| (2021) | | | Placebo: 72/0 | $46.79 \pm 6.48$ | double-blind | investigator | | - Vall d'Hebron Hospital |
| | | | | | | | | Research Institute |
分別(Higgins et al., 2003)。我們同樣根據疾病和 CoQ10 配方進行了亞組分析。進行了有關每日 CoQ10 劑量的治療效果的元回歸分析,以及對各種治療持續時間的評估,以確定 CoQ10 的減輕疲勞效果是否與上述參數相關。
為了確認這項元分析的穩健性,使用單一研究移除法進行了敏感性分析,以確定在從分析中移除特定試驗後,摘要效應大小是否有統計上顯著的變化(Deeks et al., 2021)。
潛在的出版偏差是根據《科克倫系統評價干預手冊》(Page et al., 2021b)中提出的指導方針進行評估的。生成了漏斗圖並進行了視覺檢查。當可用數據集達到 10 個或更多時,實施了埃格爾回歸測試。
3 結果
3.1 研究識別與選擇
文獻搜尋的 PRISMA 流程圖如圖 1 所示。在移除重複文章並通過檢查標題和摘要排除不相關文章後,我們最終在最終分析中納入了 13 項隨機對照試驗(RCTs)(Berman et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2011; Cordero et al., 2013; Lesser et al., 2013; Castro-Marrero et al., 2015; Fukuda et al., 2015; Peel et al., 2015; Sanoobar et al., 2016; Di Pierro et al., 2017; Morikawa et al., 2019; Mizuno et al., 2020; Mousavi et al., 2020; Castro-Marrero et al., 2021)。在最終階段排除的文章及其排除原因列於補充表 S3 中(Singh et al., 2003; Langsjoen et al., 2005; Kumar et al., 2007; Mizuno et al., 2008; Gökbel et al., 2010; Cordero et al., 2012a; Cordero et al., 2012b; Fedacko et al., 2013; Gharahdaghi et al., 2013; Miyamae et al., 2013; Castro-Marrero et al., 2016; Fukuda et al., 2016; Iwase et al., 2016; Menon et al., 2017; Langsjoen et al., 2019; Moccia et al., 2019; Negro et al., 2019; Gomez-Centeno et al., 2020; Schweiger et al., 2020; Suzuki et al., 2021)。從納入的隨機對照試驗中提取數據的詳細信息總結於補充表 S4 中。
這 13 項符合條件的隨機對照試驗共包含 1,126 名參與者,平均年齡為 49.3+-12.649.3 \pm 12.6 (標準差)歲,其中 25.6%(n=288)25.6 \%(n=288) 為男性。研究持續時間從四週(Mousavi et al., 2020)到 24 週(Lesser et al., 2013)。受試者的診斷包括慢性疲勞綜合症(CastroMarrero et al., 2015;Castro-Marrero et al., 2021)、纖維肌痛症(Cordero et al., 2013;Di Pierro et al., 2017)、末期心臟衰竭(Berman et al., 2004)、肥胖(Lee et al., 2011)、乳腺癌(接受化療的患者)(Lesser et al., 2013)、末期腎病(Fukuda et al., 2015)、小兒麻痺(Peel et al., 2015)和多發性硬化症(Sanoobar et al., 2016),我們還評估了健康受試者(Morikawa et al., 2019)和有疲勞的健康個體(Mizuno et al., 2020;Mousavi et al., 2020)。檢索到的試驗詳情總結於表 1。
三項研究評估了與 CoQ10 混合的化合物。更具體地說,CoQ10 與還原型的煙酰胺腺嘌呤
二核苷酸(NADH)在這兩項試驗中進行了評估(CastroMarrero et al., 2015; Castro-Marrero et al., 2021),而 CoQ10 在另一項試驗中的多種維他命營養飲料中進行了評估(Fukuda et al., 2015)。十項研究僅評估了 CoQ10(Berman et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2011; Cordero et al., 2013; Lesser et al., 2013; Peel et al., 2015; Sanoobar et al., 2016; Di Pierro et al., 2017; Morikawa et al., 2019; Mizuno et al., 2020; Mousavi et al., 2020)。干預細節、疲勞評估工具、不良事件和研究撤回情況總結於表 2 中。
3.2 包含研究的方法學質量
關於所納入研究的整體方法學質量,我們發現 46.2%46.2 \% 項評估的研究具有低偏倚風險, 53.8%53.8 \% 項具有一定的偏倚風險, 0%0 \% 項具有高偏倚風險(圖 2)。在詳細評估中,七項研究(Lee et al., 2011; Cordero et al., 2013; Lesser et al., 2013; Castro-Marrero et al., 2015; Sanoobar et al., 2016; Morikawa et al., 2019; Mizuno et al., 2020)被評為在隨機化過程中具有“某些”偏倚風險,因為它們未透露分配隱蔽的細節。一項研究(Lee et al., 2011)在缺失結果數據方面被評為具有“某些”偏倚風險,因為該研究因補充後血清 CoQ10 水平未變而排除了五名來自 CoQ10 組的受試者。一項研究(Di Pierro et al., 2017)在結果測量方面被評為具有“某些”偏倚風險,因為這是一項開放標籤研究,參與者知道他們接受的干預措施。偏倚風險評估的詳細信息總結在表 3 中。
我們將納入的試驗分為兩個子組:健康參與者(Morikawa et al., 2019; Mizuno et al., 2020; Mousavi et al., 2020)和患有與疲勞相關疾病的患者(纖維肌痛症(Cordero et al., 2013; Di Pierro et al., 2017)、慢性疲勞綜合症(Castro-Marrero et al., 2015; CastroMarrero et al., 2021)、心臟衰竭(Berman et al., 2004)、肥胖(Lee et al., 2011)、乳腺癌(Lesser et al., 2013)、末期腎病(Fukuda et al., 2015)、小兒麻痺(Peel et al., 2015)、多發性硬化症(Sanoobar et al., 2016))。在健康參與者的子組(Hedges’ g=-0.351,95%CI=g=-0.351,95 \% \mathrm{CI}= -0.756 至 0.053,p=0.0890.053, p=0.089 )和患病患者的子組中,CoQ10 的使用與疲勞評估之間的關聯方向是一致的(Hedges’ g=g= )。
No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment.
AE: CoQ10 8/30, placebo 6/30| No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment. |
| :--- |
| AE: CoQ10 8/30, placebo 6/30 |
No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment.
AE-associated withdrawal:
CoQ10+NADH 8/104, placebo 11/103| No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment. |
| :--- |
| AE-associated withdrawal: |
| CoQ10+NADH 8/104, placebo 11/103 |
First author (year) Population Duration CoQ10 product/manufacturer Daily CoQ10 dose (per-protocol N) Control (per-protocol N) Fatigue outcome measurement (score range) AE associated with CoQ10 withdrawal
Berman (2004) End-stage heart failure 3 months Ultrasome capsules/ Herbamed Ltd. (Israel) 60mg// day (13) "Matching
placebo (14)" Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire fatigue score (0-5) One ultrasome-induced intestinal upset withdrawal
" Lee
(2011)" Obesity 12 weeks Ubiquinone/Daewoong Pharmacy (Korea) 200mg// day (17) Matching placebo (19) Fatigue Severity Scale (9-63) No
" Cordero
(2013) " Fibromyalgia 40 days CoQ10 capsules/Pharma Nord (Denmark) 300mg// day (10) Matching placebo (10) Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire fatigue score (0-10) No
" Lesser
(2013) " Breast cancer under chemotherapy 24 weeks CoQ10/Soft Gel Technologies (USA) 300mg//day (78) Matching placebo (61) Profile of Mood States fatigue subscale (0-4) No. All AE-related withdrawals were due to chemotherapy based on the investigators' review.
Castro-Marrero (2015) Chronic fatigue syndrome 8 weeks ReConnect/Vitae Natural Nutrition (Spain) 200 mg/day with 20mg// day NADH (39) Matching placebo (34) Fatigue Impact Scale (0-160) No
Fukuda (2015) End-stage renal disease 12 weeks AMP01/Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical Corporation (Japan) Nutritional drink with 30mg//day CoQ10 (87) Matching placebo (86) Fatigue Scale (0-32) No. All AE and withdrawals were not associated with the study intervention (which was conducted by a safety monitoring board). AEassociated withdrawal: CoQ10 6/97, placebo 5/99
Peel (2015) Poliomyelitis 60 days CoQ10 capsules/Health World Limited (Australia) 100mg// day ( 54)^("a ") "Matching
placebo (49)" Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (1-50) No. All AEs were not associated with CoQ10 supplementation. AE: CoQ10 7/54, placebo 5/49. AE-associated withdrawal: CoQ10 5/54, placebo 2/49
Sanoobar (2016) Multiple sclerosis 12 weeks CoQ10 capsules/not mentioned 500mg// day (22) "Matching
placebo (23)" Fatigue Severity Scale (9-63) No
Di Pierro (2017) Fibromyalgia 3 months "DDM Chinone ^(®) sachets/
Labomar (Italy)" 400mg// day (12) Comparable placebo (10) Functional Assessment of Chronic Illiness Therapy (0-44) No
Morikawa (2019) Healthy subjects 8 weeks Uniquinol soft capsules/ Kaneka, Inc. (Japan) 100mg// day (24) Matching placebo (28) Fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (0-10) "No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment.
AE: CoQ10 8/30, placebo 6/30"
" Mizuno
(2020)" Healthy individuals with fatigue 12 weeks Uniquinol soft capsules/ Kaneka, Inc. (Japan) "150mg// day (22)
100mg// day (20)" Matching placebo (20) Fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (0-100) No
Mousavi (2020) Nurses with fatigue 4 weeks CoQ10 capsules/Nutri Century (Canada) 200mg// day (54) Matching placebo (51) Nurses' fatigue scale (21-105) No
Castro-Marrero (2021) Chronic fatigue syndrome 8 weeks ReConnect/Vitae Health Innovation (Spain) 200mg// day with 20mg// day NADH (72) Matching placebo (72) Fatigue Impact Scale (0-160) "No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment.
AE-associated withdrawal:
CoQ10+NADH 8/104, placebo 11/103"| First author (year) | Population | Duration | CoQ10 product/manufacturer | Daily CoQ10 dose (per-protocol N) | Control (per-protocol N) | Fatigue outcome measurement (score range) | AE associated with CoQ10 withdrawal |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| Berman (2004) | End-stage heart failure | 3 months | Ultrasome capsules/ Herbamed Ltd. (Israel) | $60 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (13) | Matching <br> placebo (14) | Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire fatigue score (0-5) | One ultrasome-induced intestinal upset withdrawal |
| $\begin{aligned} & \text { Lee } \\ & (2011) \end{aligned}$ | Obesity | 12 weeks | Ubiquinone/Daewoong Pharmacy (Korea) | $200 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (17) | Matching placebo (19) | Fatigue Severity Scale (9-63) | No |
| $\begin{aligned} & \text { Cordero } \\ & \text { (2013) } \end{aligned}$ | Fibromyalgia | 40 days | CoQ10 capsules/Pharma Nord (Denmark) | $300 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (10) | Matching placebo (10) | Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire fatigue score (0-10) | No |
| $\begin{aligned} & \text { Lesser } \\ & \text { (2013) } \end{aligned}$ | Breast cancer under chemotherapy | 24 weeks | CoQ10/Soft Gel Technologies (USA) | $300 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{day}$ (78) | Matching placebo (61) | Profile of Mood States fatigue subscale (0-4) | No. All AE-related withdrawals were due to chemotherapy based on the investigators' review. |
| Castro-Marrero (2015) | Chronic fatigue syndrome | 8 weeks | ReConnect/Vitae Natural Nutrition (Spain) | 200 mg/day with $20 \mathrm{mg} /$ day NADH (39) | Matching placebo (34) | Fatigue Impact Scale (0-160) | No |
| Fukuda (2015) | End-stage renal disease | 12 weeks | AMP01/Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical Corporation (Japan) | Nutritional drink with $30 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{day}$ CoQ10 (87) | Matching placebo (86) | Fatigue Scale (0-32) | No. All AE and withdrawals were not associated with the study intervention (which was conducted by a safety monitoring board). AEassociated withdrawal: CoQ10 6/97, placebo 5/99 |
| Peel (2015) | Poliomyelitis | 60 days | CoQ10 capsules/Health World Limited (Australia) | $100 \mathrm{mg} /$ day ( 54$)^{\text {a }}$ | Matching <br> placebo (49) | Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (1-50) | No. All AEs were not associated with CoQ10 supplementation. AE: CoQ10 7/54, placebo 5/49. AE-associated withdrawal: CoQ10 5/54, placebo 2/49 |
| Sanoobar (2016) | Multiple sclerosis | 12 weeks | CoQ10 capsules/not mentioned | $500 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (22) | Matching <br> placebo (23) | Fatigue Severity Scale (9-63) | No |
| Di Pierro (2017) | Fibromyalgia | 3 months | DDM Chinone ${ }^{\circledR}$ sachets/ <br> Labomar (Italy) | $400 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (12) | Comparable placebo (10) | Functional Assessment of Chronic Illiness Therapy (0-44) | No |
| Morikawa (2019) | Healthy subjects | 8 weeks | Uniquinol soft capsules/ Kaneka, Inc. (Japan) | $100 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (24) | Matching placebo (28) | Fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (0-10) | No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment. <br> AE: CoQ10 8/30, placebo 6/30 |
| $\begin{aligned} & \text { Mizuno } \\ & (2020) \end{aligned}$ | Healthy individuals with fatigue | 12 weeks | Uniquinol soft capsules/ Kaneka, Inc. (Japan) | $150 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (22) <br> $100 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (20) | Matching placebo (20) | Fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (0-100) | No |
| Mousavi (2020) | Nurses with fatigue | 4 weeks | CoQ10 capsules/Nutri Century (Canada) | $200 \mathrm{mg} /$ day (54) | Matching placebo (51) | Nurses' fatigue scale (21-105) | No |
| Castro-Marrero (2021) | Chronic fatigue syndrome | 8 weeks | ReConnect/Vitae Health Innovation (Spain) | $200 \mathrm{mg} /$ day with $20 \mathrm{mg} /$ day NADH (72) | Matching placebo (72) | Fatigue Impact Scale (0-160) | No. All AEs were not associated with the treatment. <br> AE-associated withdrawal: <br> CoQ10+NADH 8/104, placebo 11/103 |
First author (year) Randomization process Intervention adherence Missing outcome data Outcome measurement Selective reporting Overall RoB
Berman (2004) L L L L L L
Lee (2011) S^("a ") L S^("b ") L L S
Cordero (2013) S^("a ") L L L L S
Lesser (2013) S^("a ") L L L L S
Castro-Marrero (2015) S^("a ") L L L L S
Fukuda (2015) L L L L L L
Peel (2015) L L L L L L
Sanoobar (2016) S^("a ") L L L L S
Di Pierro (2017) L L L S^("c ") L L
Morikawa (2019) S^("a ") L L L L S
Mizuno (2020) S^("a ") L L L L S
Mousavi (2020) L L L L L L
Castro-Marrero (2021) L L L L L L| First author (year) | Randomization process | Intervention adherence | Missing outcome data | Outcome measurement | Selective reporting | Overall RoB |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| Berman (2004) | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Lee (2011) | $S^{\text {a }}$ | L | $S^{\text {b }}$ | L | L | S |
| Cordero (2013) | $S^{\text {a }}$ | L | L | L | L | S |
| Lesser (2013) | $S^{\text {a }}$ | L | L | L | L | S |
| Castro-Marrero (2015) | $\mathrm{S}^{\text {a }}$ | L | L | L | L | S |
| Fukuda (2015) | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Peel (2015) | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Sanoobar (2016) | $S^{\text {a }}$ | L | L | L | L | S |
| Di Pierro (2017) | L | L | L | $S^{\text {c }}$ | L | L |
| Morikawa (2019) | $S^{\text {a }}$ | L | L | L | L | S |
| Mizuno (2020) | $S^{\text {a }}$ | L | L | L | L | S |
| Mousavi (2020) | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| Castro-Marrero (2021) | L | L | L | L | L | L |
與安慰劑治療組相比的能力(Lei and Liu, 2017)。在 2019 年,Mehrabani 等人發表了一項系統性回顧(Mehrabani et al., 2019),報告指出 CoQ10 對於與他汀類藥物使用相關的肌病患者的疲勞有效(Fedacko et al., 2013),以及對於纖維肌痛症患者的有效性(Cordero et al., 2012a;Cordero et al., 2013;Miyamae et al., 2013;Di Pierro et al., 2017)。然而,上述回顧並未量化減少疲勞的效果。
CoQ10 的效果。因此,我們的元分析在填補當前文獻中的空白方面是非常新穎的。
疲勞的原因是多因素的(Manjaly et al., 2019),包括神經元中的炎症性氧化損傷(Haß et al., 2019;Manjaly et al., 2019)和線粒體功能障礙(Filler et al., 2014),而輔酶 Q10 同樣被認為參與病理途徑。首先,輔酶 Q10 在抑制含脂結構的氧化中扮演著關鍵角色,例如
細胞膜和脂蛋白(Aaseth et al., 2021)。例如,在一個大鼠模型中,CoQ10 被發現能在穿過血腦屏障後保護周邊和中樞神經系統(Belousova et al., 2016)。CoQ10 可能通過連接大腦與肌肉的神經通路為神經元提供廣泛的保護(Aaseth et al., 2021)。其次,CoQ10 調節線粒體呼吸鏈,是與線粒體功能障礙相關的 intensively studied enzyme(Filler et al., 2014)。為此,Maes et al. 將抑鬱症患者(Maes et al., 2009b)和慢性疲勞綜合症患者(Maes et al., 2009a)與健康志願者進行比較,發現 CoQ10 缺乏與疲勞呈正相關,而血清 CoQ10 水平與疲勞嚴重程度呈負相關(Maes et al., 2009a; Maes et al., 2009b)。上述途徑和臨床觀察可以解釋我們的元分析得出的 CoQ10 減少疲勞的效果。
在評估的 CoQ10 化合物方案中,劑量範圍為 30mg//30 \mathrm{mg} / 天(Fukuda et al., 2015)至 200mg//200 \mathrm{mg} / 天(Castro-Marrero et al., 2015; Castro-Marrero et al., 2021)。相對而言,在僅使用 CoQ10 的子組中(Berman et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2011; Cordero et al., 2013; Lesser et al., 2013; Peel et al., 2015; Sanoobar et al., 2016; Di Pierro et al., 2017; Morikawa et al., 2019; Mizuno et al., 2020; Mousavi et al., 2020),每日劑量範圍為 60 至 500mg//500 \mathrm{mg} / 天,其中四項研究使用了 300-500 mg/天(Cordero et al., 2013; Lesser et al., 2013; Sanoobar et al., 2016; Di Pierro et al., 2017)。Meta 回歸也確認了 CoQ10 的每日劑量與疲勞減少相關(Kirkland, 2022; NOW, 2022)。
我們也嘗試探討 CoQ10 的減疲勞效果是否與配方、生物利用度或患者的疾病有關。然而,未能找到具體的模式。例如,在三項研究中(Berman et al., 2004; Cordero et al., 2013; Sanoobar et al., 2016)使用 Hedges’ g < -1.0g<-1.0 ,CoQ10 的配方和製造商均不同。此外,Cordero et al.(Cordero et al., 2013)研究了纖維肌痛症患者,Hedges’ gg 為-1.405。然而,Di Pierro et al.(Di Pierro et al., 2017)研究了相同的纖維肌痛症狀況,卻得到了 Hedges’ gg 為-0.291。配方、生物利用度和疾病的影響可能需要更多研究來得出結論。
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