SHDS4686
Project Management in Human Services
SHDS4686 人類服務中的專案管理

Lecture 6: 第 6 講：

Project Planning - Content of Project Plan
專案規劃 - 專案計畫的內容

Project Plan - Questions to answer
專案計畫 - 要回答的問題

• In what consequence will the task be?
  任務的結果如何？
• Who & what resources will we need?
  我們需要哪些人和哪些資源？
• Are there any projects that will be compromised by doing these tasks?
  是否有任何項目會因為執行這些任務而受到影響？
• What measurements will be used to determine if we are on track?
  將採用哪些衡量標準來確定我們是否已步入正軌？

A Proper Project Plan Contains...
正確的項目計劃包含...

A Proper Project Plan Contains...
正確的項目計劃包含...

• (6) Developing a plan for continuously monitoring and improving project work processes
  (6) 制定持續監測和改善專案工作流程的計劃
• (7) Developing guidelines for procuring project materials resources
  (7) 制定專案材料資源採購指南

A Proper Project Plan Contains...
正確的項目計劃包含...

8 Steps of Project Planning
專案規劃的 8 個步驟

8 Steps of Project Planning (1)
專案規劃的 8 個步驟 (1)

• Describe what it is you wish to develop, including its basic performance characteristics
  描述您希望開發的產品，包括其基本性能特點

• Design a system (product or service) that will have the requisite capabilities
  設計具有必要功能的系統（產品或服務

8 Steps of Project Planning (2)
專案規劃的 8 個步驟 (2)

• (3) Create such a system (product or service)
  (3) 創造這樣一個系統（產品或服務）
• i.e. build a prototype deliverable
  即建立交付成果原型
• (4) Test the prototype to see if it does, in fact, have the desired capabilities
  (4) 測試原型是否確實具備所需的能力
• If necessary, cycle back to step 3 to modify the prototype and retest it
  如有必要，請返回步驟 3 修改原型並重新測試
• Continue until the deliverables meets the pre-set requirements
  繼續進行，直到可交付成果達到預先設定的要求

8 Steps of Project Planning (3)
專案規劃的 8 個步驟 (3)

• i.e. install the deliverable in its required setting
  即把交付品安裝在所需的環境中

• To answer the question:
  回答這個問題
• "Now that we have installed the deliverable, does it still work properly?"
  "現在我們已經安裝了交付品，它還能正常運作嗎？
• (7) If the deliverable has been validated, let the client test it
  (7) 如果交付品已經過驗證，則讓客戶進行測試
• Can the client operate the system?
  客戶能否操作該系統？
• If not, instruct the client
  如果沒有，則指示客戶

8 Steps of Project Planning (4)
專案規劃的 8 個步驟 (4)

• (8) If the client can operate (and accept) the deliverable,
  (8) 顧客能否操作（並接受）交付成果、
• make sure that the client understands all standard operating and maintenance requirements. Then:
  確保客戶了解所有標準作業和維護要求。然後：
• shake the client's hand
  握客
• present the client with a written copy of maintenance and operating instructions
  向客戶提供維護和操作說明的書面副本
• give the client the bill
  給客戶結帳
• leave 離開

Project Organising (O) 專案組織 (O)

Organizational Structures
- 3 Key Elements
組織架構 - 3 個關鍵要素

• the number of levels in the hierarchy
  層次結構的級數
• span of control of managers & supervisors
  經理和主管的控制範圍

• grouping together of individuals into departments
  將個人編入部門
• grouping of departments into the total organization
  將各部門納入整個組織

• design of systems to ensure effective communication
  設計確保有效溝通的系統
• coordination 協調
• integration of effort across departments
  整合各部門的工作

#1 Functional Organizational Structure
#1 職能組織架構

#1 Functional Organizational Structure - Strengths (S) & Weaknesses (W)1
#1 職能組織架構--優勢（S）與劣勢（W）1

Strengths (S) for Project Management
專案管理的優勢 (S)

1. Projects are developed within the basic functional structure of the organization, requiring no disruption or change to the firm's design
   專案在組織的基本職能結構內開發，無需中斷或改變公司的設計
2. Enables the development of in-depth knowledge & intellectual capital
   促進深入知識和智力資本的發展

Weaknesses (W) for Project Management
專案管理的弱點 (W)

1. Functional siloing 功能性筒倉

2. Lack of customer focus
   缺乏對客戶的關注

#1 Functional Organizational Structure - Strengths (S) & Weaknesses (W)2
#1 職能組織架構--優勢（S）與劣勢（W）2

#2 Project Organizational Structure
#2 專案組織架構

#2 Project Organizational Structure - Strengths (S) & Weaknesses (W)1
#2 專案組織架構--優勢（S）與不足（W）1

#2 Project Organizational Structure - Strengths (S) & Weaknesses (W)2
#2 專案組織架構--優勢（S）與不足（W）2

Project Leadership (L) 專案領導 (L)

Leaders vs. Managers (1)
領導者與管理者 (1)

Leaders vs. Managers (2)
領導者與管理者 (2)

Characteristics of Project Manager Who Leads
領導型專案經理的特點

7 Essential Project Manager Abilities (1)
7 項專案經理必備能力 (1)

7 Essential Project Manager Abilities (2)
7 項專案經理必備能力 (2)

4 Elements of Ethical Code of Project Manager (1)
4 專案經理道德準則的要素 (1)

1. Responsibility 1.責任

• Our duty to take ownership for the decisions we make or fail to make, the actions we take or fail to take, and the consequences that result
  我們有責任為自己做出或未做出的決定、採取或未採取的行動以及由此產生的後果承擔責任
• Includes mandatory standards such as regulations and legal requirements
  包括法規和法律要求等強制性標準

2. Respect 2.尊重

• Our duty to show a high regard for ourselves, others, and the resources entrusted to us
  我們有責任尊重自己、他人和委託給我們的資源
• Resources entrusted to use may include people, money, reputation, the safety of others, natural or environmental resources
  委託使用的資源可能包括人員、資金、聲譽、他人安全、自然或環境資源
• This involves listening to others' viewpoints, negotiating in good faith and openness, and respecting the property rights of others
  這包括傾聽他人的觀點，真誠、公開地進行談判，並尊重他人的財產權

4 Elements of Ethical Code of Project Manager (2)
4 專案經理道德準則的要素 (2)

3. Fairness 3.公平

• Our duty to make decisions and act impartially and objectively
  我們有責任公正客觀地做出決定和採取行動
• Our conduct must be free from competing selfinterest, prejudice, and favoritism
  我們的行為必須避免相互競爭的私利、偏見和偏袒
• This policy includes transparency in decision making, equal hiring and promotion opportunities, and disclosure of conflicts of interest
  該政策包括決策的透明度、平等的聘用和晉昇機會以及利益衝突的揭露。

4. Honesty 4.誠實

• Our duty to understand the truth and act in a truthful manner both in our communications and in our conduct
  我們有責任在溝通和行為中了解真相並以真實的方式行事
• Commitments are made in good faith and all communications are timely and truthful
  承諾是真誠的，所有溝通都是及時和真實的

Normative Ethics & Project Manager Behaviors (1)
規範道德與專案經理行為 (1)

Normative Ethics & Project Manager Behaviors (2)
規範道德與專案經理行為 (2)

Normative Ethics & Project Manager Behaviors (3)
規範道德與專案經理行為（3）

Effective Project Leadership
有效的專案領導

• The ability to think critically using complex information
  利用複雜資訊進行批判性思考的能力
• The strategic capability to take a long-term view of the organization
  從長遠角度看待組織的策略能力
• The ability to gain & maintain a systems view of the organization & its environment
  獲得並維持對組織及其環境的系統認識的能力
• The ability to create & lead change
  創造和領導變革的能力
• The capability to understand oneself to permit positive interactions, conflict resolution & effective communication
  了解自己的能力，以便進行積極互動、解決衝突和有效溝通
• The ability to mentor develop employees into highperforming team members
  有能力指導 培養員工為表現優異的團隊成員
• The ability to develop a performance-based culture
  發展績效文化的能力

References 參考資料

• McLaughlin, D. B., & Olson, J. R. (2017). Healthcare operations management ( ed.). Health Administration Press; Association of University Programs in Health Administration.
  McLaughlin, D. B., & Olson, J. R. (2017).Healthcare Operations Management ( ed.).衛生管理出版社；衛生管理大學課程協會。
• Meredith, J., & Shafer, S. (2021). Project management in practice ( ed.). WILEY.
  Meredith, J., & Shafer, S. (2021).實務上的專案管理 ( ed.).WILEY.
• Pinto, J. K. (2020). Project management: Achieving competitive advantage ( .). Pearson.
  Pinto, J. K. (2020).專案管理：實現競爭優勢 ( .).Pearson.
• Shirley, D. (2011). Project management for healthcare. CRC Press.
  Shirley, D. (2011).醫療保健專案管理》。 CRC Press.