Unit 1 Further Listening P14
单元 1 进一步听力 P14
Conversation
谈话
1What does the woman normally do in the morning?
1女性早上通常做什么？
A Get up late.
A 迟到。
B Drink a lot of coffee.
B 喝很多咖啡。
C Make her work plans.
C 制定她的工作计划。
D Do physical activity.
D 进行体育锻炼。
2 What is one advantage of the man’s schedule?
2 男人的时间表有什么好处呢？
A He can arrange more time for social life at night.
A 他可以在晚上安排更多的社交时间。
B He can have less difficulty coping with meetings.
B 他应对会议的困难较小。
C He can enjoy a less distracting work environment.
C 他可以享受一个不那么分散注意力的工作环境。
D He can be more focused and productive during the day.
D 他在白天可以更加专注和高效。
3 What do the speakers think determines whether someone is an early bird or a night owl?
3 演讲者认为什么决定了一个人是早起的鸟儿还是夜猫子？
A One’s sleep quality.
A One 的睡眠质量。
B One’s work schedule.
B One 的工作时间表。
C One’s individual body clock.
C One 的个人生物钟。
D One’s attitude toward morning exercise.
D 一个人对晨练的态度。
4 What should individuals do regarding their schedules according to the speakers?
4 根据演讲者的说法，个人应该如何处理他们的日程安排？
A Sleep less to get more work done.
A 少睡以完成更多工作。
B Change their natural rhythm to match that of others.
B 改变自己的自然节奏，以跟上别人的节奏。
C Follow a fixed routine regardless of external distractions.
C 遵循固定的例程，无论外部干扰如何。
D Listen to their body and adjust their schedule accordingly.
D 倾听他们的身体并相应地调整他们的日程安排。
Scripts
脚本
W: Hi, Bob. How are you doing today?
W：你好，Bob。您今天过得怎么样？
M: I’m good, thanks, Alice. How about you?
M：我很好，谢谢，Alice。你怎么样？
W: I’m fine, too. I’ve just finished my morning run, and I feel energized.
W：我也很好。我刚刚完成晨跑，我感觉精力充沛。
M: Wow, you’re such an early bird. How do you manage to wake up so early?
M：哇，你真是早起的鸟儿。你是怎么这么早起床的？
W: Well, I’ve always been a morning person. I like to start my day with some physical activity and then get to work. It helps me focus and be productive.
W：嗯，我一直都是个喜欢早起的人。我喜欢从一些体育活动开始新的一天，然后开始工作。它帮助我集中注意力并提高工作效率。
M: Interesting. I’m the opposite. I’m totally a night owl. I can’t function well in the morning, and I need a lot of coffee and time to wake up.
M：有意思。我恰恰相反。我完全是一个夜猫子。我早上身体状况不佳，需要大量的咖啡和时间才能醒来。
W: Really? When do you usually go to bed and wake up?
W：真的吗？您通常什么时候上床睡觉和起床？
M: I usually go to bed around midnight or later, and wake up around 9 or 10 a.m.
M：我通常在午夜或更晚的时候睡觉，早上 9 点或 10 点左右醒来。
W: Wow, that’s late. Don’t you feel like you’re missing out on the day?
W：哇， 太晚了。 你不觉得你错过了这一天吗？
M: Not really. I prefer working at night when it’s quiet, and there are fewer distractions. I feel more creative and inspired then.
M：没有。我更喜欢在晚上工作，因为那里很安静，干扰也少。那时我感觉更有创造力和灵感。
W: I see. Then do you have any problems with your schedule? Like attending meetings?
W：我明白了。那么你的日程安排有什么问题吗？喜欢参加会议？
M: Sometimes, yes, especially when I have to work with people who are early birds like you. They expect me to be available early in the morning.
M：有时候，是的，尤其是当我必须与像你这样的早起者一起工作时。他们希望我一大早就有空。
W: That must be frustrating. How do you cope with that?
W：那一定很令人沮丧。你是怎么应对的呢？
M: Well, I try to adjust my schedule when I have to collaborate with others. But sometimes it’s hard to change my natural rhythm.
M：嗯，当我必须与他人合作时，我会尝试调整我的日程安排。但有时很难改变我的自然节奏。
W: I understand. I think it just comes down to our individual body clocks. Some people are naturally wired to be morning people, while others prefer to stay up late.
W：我明白。我认为这归结为我们个人的生物钟。有些人天生就喜欢早起 ，而另一些人则喜欢熬夜。
M: Yeah, it’s fascinating how our bodies work.
M：是的，我们的身体如何运作很有趣。
W: Exactly. But I guess the important thing is to listen to your own body and adjust your schedule accordingly.
W：没错。但我想重要的是倾听你自己的身体并相应地调整你的日程安排。
M: Yes, that’s a great point. I think there’s no one-size-fits-all answer here. Having a routine is essential, regardless of whether you’re an early bird or a night owl.
M：是的，这是一个很好的观点。我认为这里没有放之四海而皆准的答案。有一个例行公事是必不可少的，无论您是早起的鸟儿还是夜猫子。
Passage
通道
1 What tasks does the speaker tend to do first every day?
1 说话者每天首先要做的事是什么？
A The quick tasks.
答：快速任务。
B The routine tasks.
B 例行任务。
C The most urgent tasks.
C 最紧迫的任务。
D The most difficult tasks.
D 最困难的任务。
2 What is one of the suggestions for getting one’s work done in time?
2 按时完成工作的建议之一是什么？
A Getting up as early as possible to work.
A 尽早起床上班。
B Being a night owl and working late at night.
B 是一个夜猫子，工作到很晚。
C Using emails to improve work efficiency.
C 使用电子邮件提高工作效率。
D Making use of one’s most productive time of day.
D 利用一天中最有成效的时间。
3 How does the speaker deal with emails now?
3 说话人现在如何处理电子邮件？
A She checks and responds to them constantly.
答：她不断检查和回应他们。
B She accesses them only during her real work hours.
B 她仅在实际工作时间访问这些地址。
C She no longer responds to the most trivial of them.
C 她不再回应其中最微不足道的事情。
D She opens her inbox only when it’s totally necessary.
D 她只在完全必要时才打开收件箱。
4 What is the purpose of the talk?
4 演讲的目的是什么？
A To discuss the importance of email.
答：讨论电子邮件的重要性。
B To show how to balance work and life.
B 展示如何平衡工作和生活。
C To share some ideas on how to reduce workload.
C 分享一些关于如何减少工作量的想法。
D To give some tips on how to work more efficiently.
D 给出一些关于如何更高效地工作的提示。
Scripts:
脚本：
Have you ever felt you don’t have enough hours in the day? Well, here are some ideas that work for me.
你有没有觉得你一天的时间不够？好吧，这里有一些适合我的想法。
First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isn’t making the list; that’s the easy part. The trick is setting the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next to anything that is really urgent. Then I put the number “2” next to anything that will just take a couple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I tackle the urgent ones; it’s a bit like clearing the mess off the top of your desk before sitting down to write an important letter.
首先，每天列出待办事项清单并设定明确的优先级。这里的诀窍不是上榜;这是最简单的部分。诀窍是设定优先级。我查看我的列表，并在任何非常紧急的事情旁边打一个星号。然后，我将数字 “2” 放在只需要几分钟的任何内容旁边。实际上，在处理紧急任务之前，我会先做这些快速任务;这有点像在坐下来写一封重要的信之前清理桌子上的烂摊子。
Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work or study then. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 a.m., I can do a day’s work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, it can be difficult to accomplish tasks that involve phoning “night owls”, but that’s what email’s for!
其次，知道什么时候是你一天中最有成效的时间，然后做你的工作或学习。我对自己的一个令人震惊的发现是，如果我早上 5 点起床，我可以完成一天的工作，甚至可以在九点半之前吃早餐。当然，如果您是早起的鸟儿，完成涉及给“夜猫子”打电话的任务可能很困难，但这就是电子邮件的用途！
Finally, do not let your inbox run your life. I recently realized how frequently I interrupted my real work to check my inbox and respond to the most trivial of emails. So now, I only open it when absolutely necessary, and this saves me hours. If your work depends on you being constantly accessible by email, then you can’t do this; but be honest and ask yourself, “Am I an email addict?”
最后，不要让你的收件箱支配你的生活。我最近意识到我经常中断我的实际工作来检查我的收件箱并回复最琐碎的电子邮件。所以现在，我只在绝对必要时打开它，这为我节省了时间。如果您的工作依赖于您始终通过电子邮件访问，那么您就不能这样做;但要诚实地问自己，“我是电子邮件成瘾者吗？
With these simple, practical techniques, you will become more efficient and less stressed, and be able to win some “me-time” for yourself.
通过这些简单实用的技巧，您将变得更有效率，减轻压力，并能够为自己赢得一些“个人时间”。
Lectures:
讲座 ：
Lecture 1
第一讲
1 What can we learn about verbal behaviors from the lecture?
1 我们可以从讲座中学到什么关于语言行为的知识？
A They include both spoken and written language.
答：它们包括口语和书面语言。
B They ensure that what we say is what we mean.
B 他们确保我们所说的就是我们的意思。
C They can convey messages about our personality.
C 他们可以传达有关我们个性的信息。
D They are more complex than nonverbal behaviors.
D 他们比非语言行为更复杂。
2 What does paralanguage refer to?
2 副语言指的是什么？
A Expressing emotions through writing.
A 通过写作表达情感。
B Making requests with verbal language.
B 用口头语言提出请求。
C Using body language to convey meaning.
C 使用肢体语言来传达意义。
D Using voice in particular ways to communicate.
D 以特定方式使用声音进行交流。
3 What does the speaker mean by saying “behavior doesn’t occur in isolation”?
3 说话者说“行为不是孤立发生的”是什么意思？
A Behavior makes communication complex.
A 行为使通信变得复杂。
B Behavior may cause offense to other people.
B 行为可能会冒犯他人。
C Behavior can be influenced by cultural factors.
C 行为会受到文化因素的影响。
D Behavior plays a vital role in conveying meaning.
D 行为在传达意义方面起着至关重要的作用。
4 What is the main purpose of the lecture?
4 讲座的主要目的是什么？
A To define verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
A 定义语言和非语言行为。
B To illustrate the communicative function of behavior.
B 说明行为的交际功能。
C To explain how context affects the meaning of our words.
C 解释上下文如何影响我们单词的含义。
D To show how to behave appropriately in different cultures.
D 展示如何在不同的文化中举止得体。
Scripts:
脚本：
Do you realize that every behavior we exhibit serves some type of communicative function? Our actions and words convey meaning to others, whether we intend them to or not. Understanding the communicative function of behavior can help us better understand ourselves and those around us.
您是否意识到我们表现出的每种行为都具有某种类型的交际功能？我们的行为和言语向他人传达意义，无论我们是否有意为之。了解行为的交际功能可以帮助我们更好地了解自己和周围的人。
Behavior can be divided into two types: verbal and nonverbal. Verbal behaviors include speaking, writing, and even texting or emailing. Nonverbal behaviors include body language, gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice.
行为可分为两种类型：语言和非语言。言语行为包括说话、写作，甚至发短信或发电子邮件。非语言行为包括肢体语言、手势、面部表情和语气。
When we engage in verbal behavior, we communicate our thoughts, feelings, and intentions directly through language. We use words to convey information, make requests, and express emotions. However, it’s important to remember that what we say isn’t always what we mean. For example, sarcasm or irony can change the meaning of our words entirely. Context also affects how our words are interpreted.
当我们进行语言行为时，我们直接通过语言传达我们的想法、感受和意图。我们使用文字来传达信息、提出请求和表达情感。但是，重要的是要记住，我们所说的并不总是我们的意思。例如，讽刺或讽刺可以完全改变我们话语的含义。上下文也会影响我们单词的解释方式。
Nonverbal behaviors can often be more complex than verbal ones. They can express emotions, convey social status, and communicate messages that we may not be fully conscious of. For example, our posture, eye contact, and facial expressions can all communicate our level of confidence, engagement, and interest in a conversation. Even our clothing and hairstyle can communicate something about our personality and identity.
非语言行为通常比语言行为更复杂。他们可以表达情感，传达社会地位，并传达我们可能没有完全意识到的信息。例如，我们的姿势、眼神交流和面部表情都可以传达我们对对话的信心、参与度和兴趣水平。甚至我们的服装和发型也可以传达我们的个性和身份。
Another aspect of nonverbal behavior is paralanguage, which refers to the way we use our voice to communicate. This includes intonation, pitch, pace, and volume. The way we say something can convey different messages. Saying “I’m fine” in a cheerful tone can convey happiness, while saying it in a flat or hesitant tone can express the opposite.
非语言行为的另一个方面是副语言，它指的是我们使用声音进行交流的方式。这包括语调、音调、速度和音量。我们说某事的方式可以传达不同的信息。用欢快的语气说“我很好”可以传达快乐，而用平淡或犹豫的语气说可以表达相反的情况。
It should also be recognized that behavior doesn’t occur in isolation. Our actions are influenced by our surroundings and cultural background. This means that what is considered appropriate behavior in one context may not be so in another. For instance, a hug is a common greeting in many Western cultures, but may be considered inappropriate or even offensive in other parts of the world.
还应该认识到，行为不是孤立发生的。我们的行为受到周围环境和文化背景的影响。这意味着，在一种情况下被认为是适当的行为在另一种情况下可能并非如此。例如，拥抱在许多西方文化中是一种常见的问候语，但在世界其他地区可能被认为不合适甚至具有冒犯性。
Our behavior, whether verbal or nonverbal, plays an important role in conveying meaning. By being aware of our own behavior and how it is understood by others, we can tailor our words and actions to better meet our goals. Similarly, by paying attention to the behavior of others, we can gain insight into their thoughts and feelings, and better understand their perspectives.
我们的行为，无论是语言还是非语言，在传达意义方面都起着重要作用。通过了解我们自己的行为以及他人如何理解它，我们可以调整我们的言行以更好地实现我们的目标。同样，通过关注他人的行为，我们可以洞察他们的想法和感受，并更好地理解他们的观点。
Lecture 2:
第 2 讲：
1 What does the American psychologist suggest as the reason for people failing to implement new behaviors consistently?
1 美国心理学家认为人们未能始终如一地实施新行为的原因是什么？
A Lack of a proper approach.
A 缺乏适当的方法。
B Lack of motivation or willpower.
B 缺乏动力或意志力。
C The disruption of unhealthy habits.
C 不健康习惯的破坏。
D Frequent adjustments of the desired goal.
D 经常调整预期目标。
2 What is recommended by the psychologist as a way to lose weight and improve physical health?
2 心理学家推荐什么减肥和改善身体健康的方法？
A Building a better bedtime routine.
A 建立更好的就寝时间。
B Following a strict diet and exercise routine.
B 遵循严格的饮食和锻炼程序。
C Eating less and doing exercise in the morning.
C 少吃，早上做运动。
D Starting by making small changes like taking short walks.
D 从做一些小的改变开始，比如短途散步。
3 Which is mentioned as a small step for someone to achieve a career goal?
3 哪一个被提到是一个人实现职业目标的一小步？
A Taking the time to actively listen to others.
A 花时间积极倾听他人的意见。
B Being conscious enough to express gratitude.
B 有足够的意识来表达感激之情。
C Seeking out mentors to gain guidance and support.
C 寻找导师以获得指导和支持。
D Building stronger working relationships with others.
D 与他人建立更牢固的工作关系。
4 Why can the “small steps” approach lead to lasting change?
4 为什么“小步骤”方法可以带来持久的变化？
A It can avoid exhaustion and low motivation.
A 可以避免疲惫和动力不足。
B It guarantees immediate results and success.
B 它保证立竿见影的效果和成功。
C It breaks down goals into manageable tasks.
C 它将目标分解为可管理的任务。
D It reduces the time and effort for achieving an objective.
D 它减少了实现目标的时间和精力。
Scripts:
脚本：
Habits are powerful foundations for our lives. Research shows that they influence around 45 percent of our daily activities. However, adopting new behaviors into our lifestyle can be a major struggle, especially if we’re trying to alter unhealthy habits. Fortunately, one reputable American psychologist has some great advice to offer. He suggests that if we’re unable to implement new behaviors consistently, it’s not always due to a lack of motivation or willpower; it’s because we’re taking an improper approach. He recommends that, to achieve a desired goal, we should make small, gradual behavioral adjustments instead of immediately jumping into significant changes. This approach can be applied in many aspects of our life.
习惯是我们生活的强大基础。研究表明，它们影响了我们大约 45% 的日常活动。然而，在我们的生活方式中采用新行为可能是一项重大斗争，尤其是当我们试图改变不健康的习惯时。幸运的是，一位著名的美国心理学家提供了一些很好的建议。他认为，如果我们无法始终如一地实施新行为，那并不总是因为缺乏动力或意志力;而是因为我们采取了不正确的方法。他建议，为了实现预期目标，我们应该进行小的、渐进的行为调整，而不是立即跳入重大变化。这种方法可以应用于我们生活的许多方面。
Take physical health as an example. We often set goals to lose weight or improve our fitness level, but the thought of following a strict diet or committing to a strict exercise routine can be overwhelming. Instead, we can start by making small, sustainable changes, such as starting the day with a healthy breakfast, taking a short walk in the morning, or doing a few minutes of stretching before bed. Over time, these small changes will build up and lead to significant improvements in our overall health and wellbeing.
以身体健康为例。我们经常设定减肥或提高健康水平的目标，但一想到要严格饮食或坚持严格的锻炼习惯，就会让人不知所措。相反，我们可以从做出微小的、可持续的改变开始新的一天，例如以健康的早餐开始新的一天，早上散散步，或在睡前做几分钟的伸展运动 。随着时间的推移，这些微小的变化会积累起来，并导致我们整体健康和福祉的显着改善。
Similarly, in our careers, we often set ambitious goals for ourselves. We aspire to earn promotions, gain recognition for our work, or pursue new opportunities for career development. However, the path to achieving these goals is often long and filled with uncertainties. To avoid becoming overwhelmed, you should focus on the small steps needed to get there. This might include attending workshops to acquire new skills or knowledge, taking on new responsibilities at work, or seeking out mentors who can provide guidance and support.
同样，在我们的职业生涯中，我们经常为自己设定雄心勃勃的目标。我们渴望获得晋升，获得工作认可，或寻求新的职业发展机会。然而，实现这些目标的道路往往很漫长且充满不确定性。为避免不知所措，您应该专注于实现目标所需的小步骤。这可能包括参加研讨会以获得新技能或知识，在工作中承担新的责任，或寻找可以提供指导和支持的导师。
When it comes to personal relationships, small steps can have a big impact as well. Building strong relationships requires patience, understanding, and consistent effort. By committing to small, meaningful gestures ---- like expressing gratitude, showing empathy, or simply taking the time to actively listen ---- we can strengthen our connections with others and deepen our sense of belonging.
在人际关系方面，小步骤也可以产生很大的影响。建立牢固的关系需要耐心、理解和持续的努力。通过做出一些有意义的小举动----比如表达感激之情、表现出同理心，或者只是花时间积极倾听----我们可以加强与他人的联系并加深我们的归属感。
We’re often unprepared for how much time and effort it will take to establish a new behavior. Trying to make big changes all at once leads to exhaustion and decreased motivation. The “small steps” approach celebrates small successes. By breaking down our objectives into manageable tasks and building healthy habits into our daily routines, we can establish a foundation for lasting change.
我们通常没有准备好建立新行为需要多少时间和精力。试图一下子做出重大改变会导致疲惫和动力下降。“ 小步骤 ” 方法庆祝小的成功。通过将我们的目标分解为可管理的任务，并在我们的日常生活中养成健康的习惯，我们可以为持久的改变奠定基础。
Keys:
钥匙：
Conversation: D C C D
对话： D C C D
Passage: A D D D
通道： A D D D D
Lecture 1: A D C B
第 1 讲：A D C B
Lecture 2: A D C C
第 2 讲：A D C C