Guide for Authors 作者指南

Introduction 引言

Introduction 引言

Animal Nutrition 动物营养

An International Open Access and Peer-Reviewed Journal.
国际开放获取的同行评审期刊。

Animal Nutrition encompasses the full gamut of animal nutritional sciences and reviews including, but not limited to, fundamental aspects of animal nutrition such as nutritional requirements, metabolic studies, body composition, energetics, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, genetics and molecular and cell biology related to primarily to the nutrition of farm animals and aquatic species. More applied aspects of animal nutrition, such as the evaluation of novel ingredients, feed additives and feed safety will also be considered but it is expected that such studies will have a strong nutritional focus.
动物营养学涉及动物营养科学的全面领域，包括但不限于动物营养的基本要素，如营养需求、代谢研究、身体构成、能量学、免疫学、神经科学、微生物学、遗传学以及主要与农场动物和水生生物营养相关的分子和细胞生物学。动物营养的更实际应用方面，如新型成分、饲料添加剂和饲料安全的评估，也将被纳入考虑，但预计这些研究将具有显著的营养焦点。

Types of Paper 纸的不同类型

Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication: original research papers, reviews, and short communication.
落入以下类别的贡献将被考虑发表：原创研究论文、综述和短文通信。

Authors should select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission. Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from the list.
作者在提交时应从提供的选项中选择恰当的文章类型。对于特别问题的贡献者，需确保从列表中选择特别问题类型的文章。

Contact Details for Submission
提交的联系方式

For queries concerning the submission process or journal procedures please visit the Elsevier Support Center. Authors can determine the status of their manuscript within the review procedure using Elsevier Editorial System.
对于有关提交流程或期刊程序的疑问，请访问爱思唯尔支持中心。作者可以使用爱思唯尔编辑系统来了解其稿件的审核状态。

Before you begin 在开始之前

Ethics in Publishing 出版伦理

For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see https://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and https://www.elsevier.com/journal-authors/ethics.
请参阅 和，了解有关出版伦理的信息和期刊出版的道德准则。

Submissions to KeAi journals are automatically screened using iThenticate's CrossCheck within the editorial system to detect plagiarism issues including instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. Details can be found here. High similarity papers will be desk rejected.
投稿至 KeAi 期刊的文章会在编辑系统中自动通过 iThenticate 的 CrossCheck 进行审查，以识别抄袭问题，包括提交稿件中可能存在的重复或相似文本。更多信息请参阅此处。对于高度相似的论文，将直接被拒稿。

Animal experiments 动物实验（更自然的表达）

Does the research involve experimentation on animals? If so, please provide name of the ethical committee approving these experiments and confirm authors' compliance with all relevant ethical regulations.
研究是否包含对动物的实验？如有，需提供批准该实验的伦理委员会名称，并确认作者已遵循所有相关伦理规范。

The institutional animal care and use committee statement should appear as the first item in this section, such as "2.1. Animal ethics statement", and authors should specify which publicly available animal care and use standards were followed.
在本部分中，机构动物福利和使用委员会声明应以“2.1. 动物伦理声明”的形式出现，作者需指明所遵循的公开可获取的动物福利与使用标准。

All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines
所有的动物实验均需遵照 ARRIVE 准则

Human subjects 人类受试者

Does the study include human subjects? If so, please provide name of the ethical committee approving these experiments, confirm authors' compliance with all relevant ethical regulations.
研究是否涉及人体实验？如有，请提供批准该实验的伦理委员会名称，并确认作者已遵守所有相关伦理规定。

Informed Consent 告知同意书

If the manuscript related to clinical study, please provide following pieces of information and state them in the manuscript: 1) date of IRB approval and the approval number, 2) status of informed consent (IC); [e.g. Was written IC required? Was the clinical study approved without IC? If so, the reason why?]
如果手稿涉及到临床研究，需要在文章中提供以下内容：1）伦理委员会批准的日期以及批准的编号，2）知情同意的状态；例如，是否需要书面的知情同意，或者研究是否在没有知情同意的情况下获得批准，如果是，需要说明原因。

I confirm that I have obtained all consents required by applicable law for the publication of any personal details or images of patients, research subjects or other individuals that are used in the materials submitted to Elsevier. I have retained a written copy of all such consents and I agree to provide Elsevier with copies of the consents or evidence that such consents have been obtained if requested by Elsevier.
我确认已根据相关法律法规获取了所有必需的同意，允许发布任何患者、研究参与者或其他个体的个人资料或照片，这些资料被包含在提交给爱思唯尔的材料中。我持有所有此类同意的书面记录，并同意在爱思唯尔请求时提供同意文件的副本或证明已获取同意的证据。

Clinical research must include IRB approval and patient consent forms.
临床研究需包含伦理委员会的批准以及患者的知情同意书。

Declaration of Competing Interest
利益冲突声明

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. More information.
所有作者都必须公开他们与其他人或组织之间的任何财务和私人联系，这些联系可能不恰当地影响（偏见）他们的工作。例如，就业、咨询、持有股票、荣誉金、付费专家证词、专利申请或注册以及资金资助等都可能被视为潜在的冲突利益。

Role of the Funding Source

Authors are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.

Submission Declaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis or as an electronic preprint, see Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication section of our ethics policy for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, the article may be checked by the originality detection service CrossCheck.

Preprint posting on SSRN

In support of Open Science, this journal offers its authors a free preprint posting service. Preprints provide early registration and dissemination of your research, which facilitates early citations and collaboration.<P>During submission to Editorial Manager, you can choose to release your manuscript publicly as a preprint on the preprint server SSRN once it enters peer-review with the journal. Your choice will have no effect on the editorial process or outcome with the journal. Please note that the corresponding author is expected to seek approval from all co-authors before agreeing to release the manuscript publicly on SSRN.

You will be notified via email when your preprint is posted online and a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned. Your preprint will remain globally available free to read whether the journal accepts or rejects your manuscript.

For more information about posting to SSRN, please consult the SSRN Terms of Use and FAQs.

First look

Please note: posted preprints for this journal will appear in a dedicated journal-branded First Look space on SSRN.

Use of Inclusive Language

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. Animal Nutrition advises to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." Animal Nutrition recommends avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.

Elsevier Researcher Academy

Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide authors through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.

Peer Review

This journal operates a single blind review process. Papers deemed suitable are sent to independent peer reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The editors-in-chief are responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. For more information on the types of peer review, please visit: https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers/peer-review.

1. All manuscripts are first reviewed by editorial office. Any manuscripts fail to meet the basic standard of the journal would be desk rejected for reasons like out of scope (e.g., pets, mice as experiment animals, pure feed studies without animal experiments), high similarities, poor presentation, etc. Selected manuscripts are assigned to editors-in-chief.

2. Editors-in-chief would assign most manuscripts to associate editors and handle the rest themselves.

3. For submissions by editors-in-chief or associate editors, only other journal editors could independently handle them.

4. Authors or associate editors are not permitted to appoint a handling editor for a manuscript. Researchers from the same research group or the same institution or organization of any of the authors are not to be selected as the handling editors or reviewers.

5. Editors-in-chief or associate editors would evaluate the scientific content, desk reject or invite multiple peer reviewers.

6. The handling editor would use Find Reviewers Using Scopus tool to invite reviewers, selecting reviewers basing on the relevance to the manuscript. The handling editor would use Web of Science or Scopus to check whether the papers published by the peer reviewer in the past are closely related to the manuscript sent for review.

7. After at least 2 peer reviewers complete their reviews, the associate editors would suggest a decision based on review comments. Editors-in-chief would make the final decision and provide review comments to the authors.

8. After authors submit the revised manuscript, managing editors would check the revised manuscript and assign it to editors-in-chief. The manuscript may be sent to peer reviewers for further review again.

Open Access

This is an open access journal: all articles will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. Permitted third party (re)use is defined by the following Creative Commons user licenses.

Copyright

After the acceptance of a manuscript, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'. Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

Users are allowed to copy, to create extracts, abstracts and new works from the Article, to alter and revise the Article and to make commercial use of the Article (including reuse and/or resale of the Article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made and the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The full details of the license are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. (https://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/animal-nutrition/open-access-journal/)

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)

Users are allowed to copy and distribute the Article, provided this is not done for commercial purposes and further does not permit distribution of the Article if it is changed or edited in any way, and provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, and that the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The full details of the license are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

Author rights

As an author, you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information

Elsevier supports responsible sharing

Find out how authors can share their research published in Elsevier journals.

Publishing Schedule

This journal is published quarterly continuously per year.

Contact Details

Editorial Office

Email: editorial.office@anim-nutr.com

Phone: +86-01-62817823

Address: Editorial office of Animal Nutrition, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China

Managing editors

Hanna Wang, Email: hanna@anim-nutr.com

Luth Wang Lyu, Email: luth@anim-nutr.com

Yulia Fan, Email: yulia@anim-nutr.com

Article Processing Charges

Open Access provides free and immediate online access to the scholarly literature for anyone in the world to read, distribute and reuse. Animal Nutrition offsets all the costs associated with our high-quality publishing service through article processing charges (APC): articles that are accepted for publication by our Editors-in-Chief following rigorous peer review incur a publishing fee charged to authors, institutions or funders. The current APC is US$1462 for each article accepted for publication plus VAT or local taxes where applicable.

Language Services

All manuscripts must be written in clear and grammatically correct English. Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is acceptable, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service (https://webshop.elsevier.com/language-editing/) available from Elsevier's Author Services or customer support site (https://service.elsevier.com).

Language Improvement

Manuscripts should be complete, readable, and accurate. Common language issues should be avoided and typographical, grammatical and bibliographical errors before submission should be minimized by authors.

Authors whose native language is not English are encouraged to utilize free tools online to improve the syntax of manuscripts before submission or ask the colleagues who are skilled in English language for proofreading:

–https://translate.google.cn/

–http://fanyi.youdao.com/

–https://fanyi.baidu.com/

–Do a Microsoft Word `spell-check' and `grammar-check'

–https://www.reverso.net/spell-checker/english-spelling-grammar/

Editorial Policies

The Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine invites scientists from the global community to submit papers for consideration.

Animal Nutrition follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE; http://publicationethics.org) and authors should refer to COPE for guidance on authorship and publication ethics.

For more information on journal publication refer to http://www.keaipublishing.com/en/authors-and-editors/editorial-policies/.

Review of manuscripts

Upon submission to Animal Nutrition, a manuscript is assigned to an editor, who enlists reviewers to assist in the evaluation of the manuscript. The review process is confidential, which infers a bond of trust among the authors, editor, and reviewers. The editor is trustee of the manuscript until the review process is completed and ensures that the review process is fair, thorough, and confidential. Reviewers are asked not to share the contents of the manuscript with anyone, except that they may ask a colleague to assist with the review with approval of the editor. Communication with authors should only be through the editor. Reviewers should notify the editor of conflicts of interest that may compromise their ability to provide a fair and unbiased review. Moreover, they must recognize their responsibility in maintaining the confidential nature of the review. Authors should suggest names of appropriate reviewers when submitting the manuscript to streamline the review process and may list reviewers whom they consider unacceptable because of potential bias. These recommendations will be considered by the editor when assigning reviewers. Authors will generally be notified of acceptance, rejection, or need for revision within 3 months of receipt.

Acceptance

The acceptance of a paper implies that it has been reviewed and recommended by at least 2 peer reviewers. The Editor-in-Chief's decision is final.

Time limit of manuscript revision

A reviewed paper returned to authors for revision must be returned to the editor in time. If not, the paper may be treated as a new submission. Under unusual circumstances, editors may extend the revision deadline. If authors do not revise manuscripts and resubmit over 3 months from the date on which they are invited to revise, and has not obtained the delay of modification by the Editorial Office (subject to the major revision of the trial, agree to postpone the revision), they are deemed to have abandoned the amendment and the manuscript is treated as withdrawn.

Authorship

Animal Nutrition recommends that authorship be based on the following criteria:

1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND

2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND

3. Final approval of the version to be published; AND

4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
   承担所有工作方面的责任，确保与工作准确性和完整性相关的问题得到恰当的调查和解决。

To satisfy the requirement for authorship, each contributor must meet all criteria above. Contributors meeting fewer than the criteria listed here should be listed in the Acknowledgments section of an article.
为了满足作者身份的要求，每位贡献者必须全部满足上述标准。在文章的致谢部分列出的贡献者应满足此处列出的标准数量少于规定的要求。

Credit Author Statement 信用作者声明（精炼版）

For transparency, Animal Nutrition requires authors to submit a document named as Credit Author Statement or Author Contributions. Please list the same authors as those on the title page and their roles, respectively, separated by a semicolon, in one paragraph.
为了提高透明度，动物营养领域规定作者需提交一份标题为“作者声明”或“作者贡献”的文档。请在单一段落中列出与封面页上作者名单完全一致的人员及其各自的角色，各角色间以分号分隔。

Author contributions to the paper include the following relevant roles: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing - original draft, writing - review & editing. More details and an example
作者在论文中的贡献涉及以下相关角色：概念形成，数据收集与整理，正式分析，资金筹集，研究调查，方法设计，项目领导，资源提供，软件开发，指导，验证，数据可视化，初稿撰写，审阅与编辑。详细信息和一个实例。

Changes to Authorship 修改作者归属（优化）

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscripts and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission.
作者在提交论文时应仔细考虑作者名单的排列顺序，并在初次提交时提供最终的作者名单。

Before the manuscript has been accepted: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, should be stated in the cover letter by the corresponding author and should include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) authors agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Note that: processing of the manuscript is suspended until authorship has been agreed.
在手稿未被接受前，若需调整作者名单或顺序，应由通讯作者在提交信中说明调整理由，包括：（a）为何需要添加或删除作者，或调整作者顺序，以及（b）所有作者均同意此调整。对于新增或移除的作者，需获得其确认。非通讯作者提出的请求将被转给通讯作者，通讯作者需遵循上述流程。请注意，在作者身份确认前，手稿处理将暂停。

After the manuscript has been accepted: authorship generally cannot be changed after a manuscript has been accepted. Only in exceptional circumstances will the request for the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors be considered.
接受手稿后，作者身份通常无法更改。只有在极少数情况下，才会考虑对作者的增加、删除或重新排列的请求。

Submission 提交

The online submission system Editorial Managerguides authors stepwise through the process of entering the article details and uploading the files. The system converts the files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset the article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
作者通过 Editorial Manager 在线提交系统逐步完成文章详细信息输入和文件上传。系统将文件转换为用于同行评审的单个 PDF 文件。对于最终出版，需要可编辑的文件（如 Word、LaTeX）进行文章排版。所有通信，包括编辑决定的通知和修订请求，都是通过电子邮件进行的。

Poorly written and/or presented manuscripts may be returned to authors by Editorial Office, prior to a review for scientific merit.
在对科学价值进行评审之前，编辑部可能会将书写和/或呈现不佳的手稿退还给作者。

Potential reviewers 潜在审稿人

Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential reviewers. Reviewers must not be subject to a conflict of interest involving the author(s) or manuscript(s). The editors are not obligated to use any reviewer suggested by the author(s).
请提供几位潜在审稿人的姓名及其所在机构的电子邮件地址。确保这些审稿人与作者或论文之间不存在利益冲突。编辑团队并无义务采纳作者推荐的任何审稿人。

Submission checklist 提交检查单

The following list will be useful during the final checking of a manuscript prior to submitting it to the journal for review.
在提交给期刊进行评审之前的最终校稿时，以下列表将非常有用。

1. Authors should use the fewest files possible to facilitate the review and editing processes. Tables and Figures are listed at the end of the manuscript file, with the figure caption below the figure. Tables and figure are started from the next page. If the manuscript Word file is too big (perhaps >20 MB) to upload to the system, use a separate figure file. As optional data, supplemental tables and figures (Table S1, Fig. S1, etc.) are listed in a single supplementary file.
   作者应尽量使用最少的文件来简化审阅和编辑流程。表格和图像应在手稿文件的最后列出，图例位于图像下方。表格和图像应从下一页开始。如果 Word 文件过大（可能超过 20MB），无法上传至系统，请使用单独的图像文件。作为额外数据，可选的补充表格和图像（如 Table S1，Fig. S1 等）应在一个单独的补充文件中列出。

2. Continuous line numbers and page numbers are added from the title page to the table and figure pages.
   从封面开始，连续的页码和页数被添加到表格和图册页面。

3. The manuscript file name is suggested to contain the word "Manuscript" and the family name of the first author, e.g., Manuscript_Zhang.docx.
   书稿文件名应包含“书稿”及首位作者的姓氏，如：书稿_Zhang.docx。

4. All content must be complete. Authors must check and approve the system-generated PDF file, which is for peer review, at the last step of submission.
   在提交的最后一步，所有内容都必须完整。作者需要检查并确认系统生成的 PDF 文件，该文件将用于同行评审。

Ensure that the following items are correct:
确保下列项目无误：

• One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details: E-mail address and telephone number.
  一位作者被指定为通讯作者，联系方式包括电子邮件地址和电话号码。

• Maximum 2 equal corresponding authors, and maximum 3 authors who contribute equally to the work.
  最多有两位共同作者，最多三位作者对工作贡献等同。

• The corresponding author registered in the EM system is consistent with the corresponding author on the title page of the manuscript. The corresponding author is the sole contact for the Editorial process and responsible for communicating with the other authors about progress, submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs.
  在 EM 系统中注册的相应作者与稿件封面的相应作者信息相符。作为流程中的唯一联系点，相应作者负责与作者团队沟通，包括提交修订和最终审阅稿件的批准。

All necessary parts have been included in the manuscript
所需的所有部分都已经包含在手稿中

• All tables and figures are self-explanatory with the treatments explained and nonstandard abbreviations defined.
  所有表格和图表均具备自我说明性，详细阐述了治疗方式，并对非标准缩写进行了定义。

• Keywords: 2 to 6 keywords are listed; the order of keywords is according to their importance to the work.
  列出了 2 至 6 个关键词，这些关键词按照其对工作的重要程度进行排序。

• For a research article, the 4 elements (purpose, method, results, and conclusion) including experiment design should be clear in the abstract.
  在研究文章的摘要中，应清晰地包含四个关键元素：目的、方法、结果和结论，其中需要明确实验设计。

• For a research article, the basis (i.e., as-is, as-fed or DM basis) for the dietary ingredients and chemical composition (analyzed not calculated) is specified.
  对于研究论文，膳食成分和化学组成（通过实际分析而非计算得出）的基础（例如，原样、现喂或 DM 基础）被明确说明。

• Do not use sub-tables such as Table 1A, Table 1B, etc.
  请勿采用表 1A、表 1B 等子表形式。

Further considerations 进一步的考虑（优化）

• Manuscript has been 'spell-checked' and 'grammar-checked'.
  手稿已进行拼写检查和语法校对.

• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa.
  在文本中引用了参考列表中所有提及的引用，反之亦然。

• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web).
  获得了从其他来源（包括网络）使用版权材料的许可。

• The Conflict of Interest form is provided even if the authors have nothing to declare.
  尽管作者没有任何需要申报的内容，利益冲突申报表仍然会被提供。

• The Credit Author Statement file is provided.
  提供信用作者声明文件。

• Use either the American spelling or the British Spelling, but not the mixture.
  使用美国拼写或英国拼写，避免混合使用。

Resubmission 重新提交

• Responses to the comments of reviewers or referees are organized clearly. For example, state each review comment and reply to each one by one, or use 2 columns of which one states the comment and the other the response.
  评审或审稿人的评论响应清晰地组织。具体做法是，逐一列出每个审阅评论，并针对每个评论给出回复，或者采用两列形式，一列用于评论，另一列用于回复。

• Highlight the revised parts in the manuscript, or upload a clean manuscript file and another manuscript file with track changes.
  在手稿中高亮显示修订内容，或提供一个干净的手稿文件以及另一个包含修订跟踪的手稿文件。

Appeal of Review Decisions
申诉审查决定的申诉，优化为更自然的中文表达

An author who disagrees with a review decision may appeal it by contacting the Editorial Office (editorial.office@anim-nutr.com) within 3 months from the decision date. The author is required to state the main reasons for the appeal in an email. The managing editor will consult with the Associate Editor who made the reject decision to determine if the appeal is valid. If the appeal is deemed valid, the Managing Editor will invite the author to resubmit it through the Editorial Manager system to upload the appeal letter responding to the editor's comments, and the manuscript file with tracked changes. If it is again declined, the decision may be appealed to Editors-in Chief, whose decision is final.
作者如果对审稿决定持有不同意见，可以在决定日期后的 3 个月内，通过联系编辑部（编辑部@anim-nutr.com）提出申诉。在电子邮件中，作者需详细阐述申诉的主要理由。编辑主任将会与做出拒绝决定的副编辑进行讨论，以判断申诉是否合理。如果申诉被认定为合理，编辑主任将指导作者通过编辑管理器系统重新提交稿件，同时上传一份针对编辑反馈的申诉信件，以及包含修订跟踪的稿件文件。如果再次被拒绝，申诉可以进一步向主编提出，主编的最终决定将为最终裁决。

Preparation 准备

General 通用

For the format and style, authors can refer to a recent issue of Animal Nutrition or the journal's Format Checklist file (download). A template for a research article or short communication (download) and a review article template (download) can be used. A common and standard abbreviation list (download) and an Endnote journal style ([download](https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/Animal Nutrition.ens)) is available for Animal Nutrition.
作者可以参考最近一期的《动物营养》期刊或通过下载格式检查文件来了解文章的格式和样式要求。研究文章或短文模板（下载）和综述文章模板（下载）可以提供具体指导。《动物营养》期刊还提供了常见缩写列表（下载）和 Endnote 期刊样式（下载链接：https://legacyfileshare.elsevier.com/promis_misc/Animal Nutrition.ens），以帮助作者完成文章撰写。

The main text should be in single-column format and typed double-spaced. Times New Roman font at 12 points is used. The contents in text and tables should be aligned to the left.
主文本应以单列格式输入，双倍行距。使用 12 号的 Times New Roman 字体，文本和表格的内容应左对齐。

Use of word processing software
使用文字处理工具

Please prepare manuscripts in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx format). It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
请准备 Microsoft Word（.doc 或.docx 格式）的文稿。关键在于将文件保存在所使用文字处理软件的原生格式中。应尽量保持文本布局的简洁。在处理文章时，大部分格式代码都会被移除并替换。特别需要注意的是，不要使用文字处理软件的选项进行文本对齐或分词。然而，可以使用粗体、斜体、下标、上标等格式。电子文本的准备方式应与传统手稿类似（参见 Elsevier 的出版指南）。请确保提供图形、表格和文本图形的源文件。此外，请参阅电子艺术部分。

To avoid unnecessary errors, authors are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.
为了防止出现不必要的错误，作者被强烈建议利用文字处理器内置的'拼写检查'和'语法检查'工具。

LaTeX

If the LaTeX file is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the text. The article should preferably be written using Elsevier's document class 'elsarticle', or alternatively any of the other recognized classes and formats supported in Elsevier's electronic submissions system, for further information visit our Support Center.
如果 LaTeX 文件符合要求，无需重新输入文本即可生成证明。文章建议使用 Elsevier 的'elsarticle'文档类进行撰写，或使用 Elsevier 电子提交系统支持的其他认可类和格式，欲了解更多信息，请参阅我们的服务中心。

The Elsevier 'elsarticle' LaTeX style file package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Quickguide: https://www.elsevier.com/latex. It consists of the file: elsarticle.cls, complete user documentation for the class file, bibliographic style files in various styles, and template files for a quick start.
可以从快速指南：https://www.elsevier.com/latex 获取 Elsevier 'elsarticle' LaTeX 风格文件包，该包包括 LaTeX 准备的详细说明。它包含文件：elsarticle.cls，该类文件的完整用户文档，各种风格的参考文献样式文件，以及用于快速开始的模板文件。

Requirements for Review Articles
审查文章的要求

Key instructions for a review article are as follows: 1) a review should critically evaluate the existing evidence using the most appropriate literature to comprehensively elucidate a topic, rather than pull together a catalogue of references; 2) it should present a clear picture of the state-of-the-art, highlighting what needs to be done in the future; and 3) it should have an appropriate length with a logical flow of text. The length of a review article excluding the Reference list should generally not exceed 8,000 words.
审查文章的撰写应遵循以下关键原则：1）审查应基于最合适的文献，批判性地评估现有证据，全面阐述主题，而非仅仅罗列参考文献；2）它应清晰地展示当前的最新进展，并指出未来需要进行的工作；3）文章长度应适中，文本逻辑连贯。不含参考文献部分的审查文章通常不应超过 8000 字。

The structure of a review article contains the same sections as those of a research article, except it does not include sections of Materials and methods, Results, and Discussion. The requirements of sections of a review article are the same as those of a research article.
评论文章的结构与研究文章相似，不包含材料和方法、结果、讨论部分，其各部分要求与研究文章一致。

Requirements for Mini-Reviews Articles
小综述文章的要求

The Mini-Review article type denotes a review with a more concise format compared with a standard review article. The journal is interested in publishing excellent Mini-Reviews.
期刊有兴趣发表具有更紧凑格式、与标准综述相比的优秀小综述文章类型，该综述采用与标准综述不同的格式。

Key instructions for a review article are as follows:
如下是审查文章的关键指示：

1. Mini-Reviews must be short and concise, timely, critical and in-depth, address novel aspects or concepts and must be attractive for readers.
   小评述应简洁明了，时效性强，具有批判性和深度，探讨新颖的领域或概念，以吸引读者的注意。

2. It should have a maximum word count of 2,600 (excluding abstract and references), and may contain no more than 2 Figures/Tables.
   应有最大字数限制为 2,600（不包括摘要和参考文献），最多可包含 2 幅图/表。

3. It should be limited to a maximum of three authors.
   应将作者数量限制在最多三位。

4. At least 50% of the cited literature should be not older than 5 years.
   至少有 50%的被引用文献应在 5 年内。

Mini-Reviews will go through normal peer-review process. Each of accepted Mini-Reviews is charged for the page fee of a normal article for publication.
小综述将遵循常规的同行评审流程。每篇被接收的小综述需支付与普通文章相等的版面费，用于出版。

Requirements for Research Articles
研究论文的要求

A research article includes the following sections in this order:
研究文章包含以下部分，按以下顺序：

• Title page 标题页

• Abstract and keywords 摘要和关键词

• Introduction 引言

• Materials and methods 材料和方法

• Results 结果

• Discussion 讨论

• Conclusion(s) 结论(s)

• Acknowledgements 致谢

• References 参考文献

• Tables 表格

• Figures 图片

The sections of the Abstract, main text, Tables and Figures should be independent and self-explanatory. The main text refers to the sections from Introduction to Conclusion(s).
抽象、正文、表格和图示的各部分应各自独立且易于理解。正文涉及从引言到结论的各部分。

Title Page 标题页

• Title: Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. The title should be concise and informative. The length of a paper title is preferably from 10 to 20 words. Avoid using abbreviations and formulae in a paper title where possible. Only widely accepted and well-established abbreviations can appear in the title. Only use generic names in article titles, and minimize the use of names of commercial products throughout the manuscript. Avoid using the words "effect", "impact", "influence" in the title where possible. If there is a (treatment) effect and it is of significance, this information should be made clear in the title.
• 标题：在信息检索系统中，标题的使用非常普遍。标题应当简明扼要，提供信息。论文标题的理想长度为 10 至 20 个字。应避免在标题中使用缩写和公式，除非这些缩写是广泛接受且已确立的。标题中应仅使用通用名称，并尽量减少在手稿中提及商业产品的名称。应避免在标题中使用诸如“效果”，“影响”，“影响”等词，除非明确指出存在（治疗）效果且其具有重要意义，这种信息应在标题中明确体现。

• Author names and affiliations: Under the title, names of authors should be typed accurately. The given name is at the first and family name at the last. Use the initials for middle names if any. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the following information of each affiliation: 1) organization name, 2) city, 3) country.

• Corresponding author: Please use an asterisk (*) to indicate the corresponding author, who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone number (with country and area code) is provided in addition to the e-mail address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author. Maximum 2 corresponding authors (preferably only one corresponding author).

• Equal contributors: Maximum 3 authors who contributed equally to the work. Superscript numerals are used for such footnotes.

• Present/permanent address: If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a present address (or permanent address) may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name using a superscript numeral. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address.
当文章中提到的作品是在作者移动后或访问期间完成的，作者可以使用姓名后的脚注和上标数字来标注当前地址（或永久地址），以示区别。而作者实际进行工作的地址则应作为主要的隶属地址予以保留。

Abstract 摘要

The Abstract is a one-paragraph short paper, which is preferably within 250 words and no more than approximately 350 words, i.e., it is about one double-spaced page. It usually begins with a clear statement of the objective, briefly states the principal methods including trial information, such as the number of animals, number of replicates, states main findings or results with statistical evidence, i.e., P-value, and ends with main implications or conclusions with no references cited. Use complete sentences and standard terms. Avoid using many abbreviations, the use of references, math formulae, symbols, and tables or figures in the Abstract. The Abstract must be able to stand alone.
摘要是篇幅在 250 字至 350 字之间的单段短文，通常以明确的目标陈述开始，简述主要方法，包括实验信息，如动物数量和重复次数。摘要中应包含主要发现或结果及其统计证据，如 P 值，并以主要含义或结论结束，且不包含任何参考文献。摘要应使用完整句子和标准术语，避免使用过多缩写、引用、数学公式、符号以及在摘要中插入表格或图示。摘要必须能够独立存在。

Graphical Abstract 图形摘要

Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 pixels × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 cm × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. Authors can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
尽管图形摘要并非强制要求，但其使用被推荐，因为它能显著提升在线文章的吸引力。图形摘要应以简洁直观的图片形式，概括文章内容，旨在吸引广泛读者的注意。请将图形摘要作为单独文件上传至在线提交系统。图片尺寸建议至少为 531 像素×1328 像素（高度×宽度），并确保在 96 dpi 的常规屏幕分辨率下，5 厘米×13 厘米的尺寸下可清晰阅读。推荐的文件格式包括 TIFF、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件。您可以在我们的信息网站上查看示例图形摘要。

Keywords 关键词

Please provide 2 to 6 keywords or phrases in the order of importance for subject indexing.
请提供 2 至 6 个按照重要性排序的关键词或短语，用于主题索引。

Keywords should include important words from the title and should be singular, not plural terms, e.g., "pig" not "pigs". Avoid multiple concepts, e.g., "and", "of".
关键词应包含标题中的重要单数词汇，避免使用复数形式，如“猪”而非“猪”，并应避免涵盖多个概念，如“和”，“的”。

Be sparing with abbreviations, and only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.
请适度使用缩写，仅允许在该领域内已确立的缩写使用。

The first letters of keywords should be capitalized and keywords are separated by colons.
关键词的首字母需大写，各关键词之间用冒号隔开。

Introduction 引言

The Introduction section states the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background. It contains a brief justification for conducting the research, the hypotheses to be tested, and the objective(s). Extensive discussion of relevant literature should be included in Discussion, not in Introduction.
引言部分概述了工作的目的，并提供了必要的背景信息。它包含了进行研究的合理理由，需要验证的假设，以及目标。引言中应包含对相关文献的深入讨论，而避免在引言中进行此类讨论。

Materials and Methods 材料和方法

This section must contain a clear description of how the experiment was conducted and how the data were analyzed. It should provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Diets, periods of experimental activities if appropriate, animals (breed, sex, age, body weight, and weighing conditions), surgical techniques, measurements, additives (do not just give product names or trademark names), and statistical models should be described clearly and fully.
本部分需包含实验执行方式及数据分析的明确说明。应提供足够细节，确保实验可复现。如适用，应详述饮食、实验活动时间、动物（包括品种、性别、年龄、体重及称重条件）、手术方法、测量指标、添加剂（不应仅提供产品或商标名称）和统计模型，需清晰、详尽地阐述。

Manufacturer information must be provided at the first mention of each proprietary product used in the research. The generic term for all drugs and chemicals should be used, unless the specific trade name of a drug is directly relevant to the discussion. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference; only relevant modifications should be described.
在研究中首次提及每种专有产品时，必须提供制造商信息。所有药物和化学品应使用通用术语，除非药物的特定商标名称直接与讨论相关。已发表的方法应通过参考指示；仅描述相关修改。

Results 结果

The Results section should be clear and concise, which explain or elaborate on data presented in the tables. Sufficient data, all with some index of variation attached, including significance level (i.e., P-value) should be presented to allow readers to interpret the results of the experiment.
结果部分应当清晰且精炼，对表格中展示的数据进行解释或深入阐述。需要提供充分的数据，确保每个数据点都关联有变异指标，例如显著性水平（P 值），以帮助读者理解实验结果。

One of the hallmarks for experimental evidence is repeatability. Care should be taken to ensure that experiments are adequately replicated. The results of experiments must be replicated, either by replicating treatments within experiments or by repeating experiments.
实验的一个显著特征是可重复性。需谨慎确保实验得到充分的复现。实验结果必须通过在实验内复制处理或重复实验来复现。

The terms significant and highly significant traditionally have been reserved for P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. When 0.05 is less than or equal to P-value < 0.10, the term "tendency" may be used.
传统上，显著和高度显著分别对应于 P<0.05 和 P<0.01。当 P 值在 0.05 大于或等于时至 0.10 时，可以使用“趋势”这一术语。

Throughout the manuscript, the authors should use the actual P-values, rather than arbitrary P-values such as P < 0.05 and P < 0.01. P-values should be expressed to 3 digits whether or not it is significant. P-values less than 0.001 should be reported as P < 0.001.
在手稿中，作者应使用实际的 P 值，而非 P < 0.05 或 P < 0.01 这样的任意值。无论 P 值是否显著，都应以 3 位数的形式表示。对于小于 0.001 的 P 值，应报告为 P < 0.001。

Discussion 讨论

The Discussion section should explore the significance of the results of the work. Discussion integrates the research findings with the body of previously published literature to provide the reader with a broad base on which to accept or reject the hypotheses tested. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
讨论部分应深入分析研究结果的重要性。它将研究发现与已有的文献体系相融合，为读者提供一个评估和接受或拒绝所测试假设的广泛背景。应避免冗长的引文和对已发表文献的详细讨论。

Results and discussion may be combined into a single section. If not, the Results section should not contain discussion of previously published work. Results and references to tables and figures already described in the Results section should not be repeated in the Discussion section.
结果和讨论通常应整合为一个章节。若未合并，则结果部分不得涉及已发表工作的讨论。结果部分中提及的表格和图例，不应在讨论部分再次出现。

Conclusion(s) 结论(s)

The main finding or conclusions of the study may be summarized in a brief paragraph.
可以用简短的段落来概括研究的主要发现或结论。

Vitae 生涯

Authors may submit a short (maximum 100 words) biography of each author, along with a passport-type photograph accompanying the other figures, in an editable format (e.g., Word).
作者可以提交每位作者的简短自我介绍（最多不超过 100 字），并附上护照类型的照片，与其它插图一同，使用可编辑的文件格式，如 Word。

Acknowledgements 致谢

The Acknowledgments section should list sources of financial support with grant numbers, experiment station, and those individuals (not including editing service companies), who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.) in a succinct and appropriate manner but not as a long list of tributes and accolades.
认证致谢部分应以简洁和适当的方式列出财务支持的来源，包括项目编号、实验站，以及在研究期间提供实质帮助的个人（不包括编辑服务公司），例如提供语言帮助、撰写协助或校对文章等。

References 参考文献

All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of authors' names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list. The accuracy of the references is the responsibility of the author(s).
文章中所有引用的出版物都应按照手稿后列出的参考文献形式呈现。作者需仔细核对，确保文本中作者姓名和日期与参考文献列表中的完全一致，对参考文献的准确性负责。

References published in other than the English language should be avoided, but are acceptable if they include an English language Abstract and the number of non-English language references cited are reasonable (in the view of the handling Editor) relative to the total number of references cited.
非英语出版的参考文献应尽量避免，但若这些文献包含英文摘要，并且非英语参考文献的数量在总体引用数量中合理（从处理编辑的角度来看），则可以接受。

All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa. Unpublished results and personal communications are not permitted in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text.
在文本中引用参考列表中提及的所有引用，反之亦然。参考列表中不允许包含未发表的结果和个人通信，但可以在文本中提及。

Web references 网络参考

As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references are included in the reference list, not listed separately.
至少需要给出完整的网址以及最后一次访问参考文献的日期。如果了解更多信息，例如作者的姓名、日期、对来源出版物的引用等，也应一并提供。这些网络参考文献应包含在参考文献列表中，不应单独列出。

References in a Special Issue
在特刊中对参考文献的引用

Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
请确保在列表中的所有引用和文本中的引文中添加“此问题”一词，针对同一专题集的其他文章。

Citations in text 引文在文本中（已优化）

All citations in the text should refer to:
文档中所有引用都应指向：

1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
   单个作者：作者姓名（除非存在混淆，否则不使用首字母缩写）及出版年份；

2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
   两位作者：包括所有作者的姓名及其出版年份；

3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
   首作者的姓名后跟'et al.'和出版年份。

Citations may be made directly or parenthetically. Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.
引用可以使用或在括号中直接引用。首先按字母顺序列出引用组，然后按时间顺序排列。

Examples: 'as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown ...'
如 Allan（1996a，1996b，1999）及 Allan 和 Jones（1995）所展示的，Kramer 等人（2000）最近证明了...

Reference list 参考列表（优化）

References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.
参考文献应首先按字母顺序排列，如果需要，再按年份进一步排序。同一作者（们）在同一年发表的多篇参考文献必须通过在出版年份后添加'a'、'b'、'c'等字母来区分。

Examples: 示例：

Reference to a journal publication:
参考文献：期刊出版物：

Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2000;163:51–9.
Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. 科学文章写作的技巧。J Sci Commun 2000;163:51–9。

Reference to an article within a journal supplement:
参考文献：期刊增刊中的文章：

Frumin AM, Nussbaum J, Esposito M. Functional asplenia: demonstration of splenic activity by bone marrow scan. Blood 1979;59 (Suppl 1):26–32.
1979 年，Frumin AM、Nussbaum J 和 Esposito M 在《血液》杂志上发表了一篇题为《功能性无脾症：通过骨髓扫描证明脾脏活动》的文章。

Reference to an abstract:
参考一个抽象：

Ferrara N, Houck K, Jakeman L. The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Acq Immun Def Synd 1993;6:687 (Abstract).
Ferrara N, Houck K, Jakeman L. 血管内皮生长因子的生物学. 1993 年《获得性免疫缺陷综合症》杂志, 第 6 卷, 第 687 页(摘要).

Reference to a book: 参考书籍：

Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1979.
Strunk Jr W, White EB.《风格的要素》. 1979 年第三版. 美国纽约: Macmillan.

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
参考编辑书籍中的一章：

Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc.; 1994. p. 281–304.
Mettam GR, Adams LB. 如何准备文章的电子版本。在：Jones BS, Smith RZ, 编辑。电子时代入门。纽约：E-Publishing Inc.；1994. p. 281–304。

Reference to an online document:
参考在线文档：

Doe J. Title of subordinate document. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1999. http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document [accessed 15 Jan 1999].
Doe J. 子文档标题. 在: 物质及其影响的词典. 王国化学学会, 1999. http://www.rsc.org/dose/子文档标题 [1999 年 1 月 15 日访问].

Reference to an online database:
参考一个在线数据库：

Healthwise Knowledgebase. US Pharmacopeia, Rockville. 1998. http://www.healthwise.org [accessed 21 Sept 1998].
健康智慧知识库。美国药典，罗克维尔，1998 年。访问网址：http://www.healthwise.org，访问日期：1998 年 9 月 21 日。

Reference to a thesis: 参考一份论文：

Su J. Research of Fusarium toxins on anti-nutritional effect and its mechanism of pigs. [Doctor Degree Thesis Dissertation]. Sichuan Agricultural University; 2008.
研究杨苏对猪的真菌毒素反营养效应及其机制的影响。[博士学位论文]. 四川农业大学; 2008 年。

Reference using doi: 使用 doi 的引用

?expression in chicks (Zhang, 2017)
鸡群中的表达式（张，2017）

Zhang N. Role of methionine on epigenetic modification of DNA methylation and gene expression in animals. Anim Nutr 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.08.009.
在动物中，甲硫氨酸在 DNA 甲基化和基因表达的表观遗传修饰中起着重要作用。《动物营养》2017 年。DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.08.009。

Reference to NRC: 参考 NRC：

... recommended by NRC (2007).
由 NRC（2007）推荐的。

NRC (National Research Council). Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. Washington (DC): The National Academy Press; 2007. p. 206 - 7.
NRC（国家研究委员会）. 2007 年出版的《鱼和虾的营养需求》一书，位于华盛顿（DC）的国家学院出版社，第 206 至 207 页。

All diets were formulated to meet the NRC (2012) nutrient requirements.
所有饮食计划均旨在符合 NRC (2012)的营养标准。

NRC (National Research Council). Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 11th ed. Washington (DC): National Academic Press; 2012. p. ??-??
NRC（国家研究委员会）. 猪的营养需求. 第 11 版. 2012 年，华盛顿（DC）：国家学术出版社. 页码为??-??

Reference to AOAC: 参考 AOAC:

?digesta samples were weighed for determining DM (Method 934.01; AOAC, 2006)
根据 AOAC（2006 年）的方法 934.01，消化物样本被称重以确定 DM

AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2006.
AOAC.《官方方法分析》.第 18 版.盖瑟斯堡,美国:AOAC 国际,2006 年.

? were determined using the Soxhlet extraction method (AOAC, 2005)
使用 AOAC（2005）的索氏提取法确定了这些内容

AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2005.
AOAC.《官方方法分析》.第 18 版.美国加思维尔,MD:AOAC 国际,2005 年.

Reference to Chinese resources:
参考中国资源：

?. were calculated using data provided by the Feed Database in China (2020).
根据中国饲料数据库在 2020 年提供的数据计算了?年份的数据。

China Feed Database. Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (in Chinese). 2020. https://www.chinafeeddata.org.cn/admin/Login/slcfb [Accessed 18 December 2020]. ? according to Bureau of Fisheries of MARA (2020).
中国饲料数据库。包含中国饲料组成和营养价值的表格（中文）。2020 年。访问网址：https://www.chinafeeddata.org.cn/admin/Login/slcfb。根据中华人民共和国农业部渔业局（2020 年）的数据。

Bureau of Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) of the People's Republic of China. China Fishery Statistical Yearbook. Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press; 2020. p. 24-34.
中华人民共和国农业和农村事务部渔业局。《中国渔业统计年鉴》。中国农业出版社，2020 年。第 24-34 页。

In China, Cd is one of the major pollutants affecting agricultural soil quality (Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, 2019).
在中国，Cd 是对农业土壤质量造成影响的主要污染物之一（生态环境部，2019 年）。

Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China. Report on the State of the Ecology and Environment in China 2019. http://english.mee.gov.cn/Resources/Reports/soe/SOEE2019/202012/P020201215587453898053.pdf [accessed 27 Sept 2022]
中华人民共和国生态环境部发布的 2019 年《中华人民共和国生态环境状况公报》. 参考链接：http://english.mee.gov.cn/Resources/Reports/soe/SOEE2019/202012/P020201215587453898053.pdf [访问日期：2022 年 9 月 27 日]

?according to China National Standard (GB/T 32737-2016)
根据中国国家标准（GB/T 32737-2016）的条款

China National Standard. Determination of nitrate nitrogen in soil-ultraviolet spectrophotometry method. GB/T 32737-2016. Beijing: Standards Press of China; 2016.
中国国家标准。使用紫外分光光度法测定土壤中硝酸盐氮。编号 GB/T 32737-2016，由中国标准出版社于 2016 年出版。

?were calculated according to the China National Feeding Standard of Swine (NY/T 65-2004).
根据中国猪国标《NY/T 65-2004》计算得出。

Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. China National Feeding Standard of Swine (NY/T 65-2004). Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press; 2004.
《中华人民共和国农业部》. 《中国猪国家饲料标准》(NY/T 65-2004). 中国农业出版社, 2004 年.

?suggested by the China National Feeding Standard of Chicken (NY/T 33-2004).
由中国国家养鸡标准（2004 年 NY/T 33）提出

Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. China National Feeding Standard of Chicken (NY/T 33-2004). Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press; 2004.
中国农业部制定的《中华人民共和国国家禽类饲料标准》(NY/T 33-2004)，由中国农业出版社于 2004 年出版.

Reference to European Commission:
参考欧洲委员会：

? were determined using the EEC (98/64/EC) method (European Commission, 1998). European Commission. Commission Directive 98/64/EC of 3 September 1998: Establishing community methods of analysis for the determination of amino-acids, crude oils and fats, and olaquindox in feeding stuffs, and amending Directive 71/393/EEC. Off. J. L257: 0014-0028.1998.
使用欧洲委员会（EEC）的 98/64/EC 方法确定的。

Reference to software: 参考软件：

? analyses were performed using R Statistical Software (v4.1.2; R Core Team, 2021)
初步翻译为：使用 R 统计软件（版本 4.1.2；R 核心团队，2021 年）进行了分析。

R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2021. https://www.R-project.org/.
R 核团队. R 是一个用于统计计算的编程语言和环境. 统计计算基金会, 奥地利, 维也纳. 2021. https://www.R-project.org/

Note shortened form for last page number. e.g.,51–9, and that for more than 6 authors the first 6 authors should be listed followed by 'et al.' For further details, authors are referred to "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals" (J Am Med Assoc 1997;277:927–34), see also http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/terms_cond.html
注意，对于最后一页的页码，使用 51–9 的缩写形式。在作者超过 6 位时，应列出前 6 位作者后，使用'et al.'。欲了解更多信息，请参考“生物医学期刊投稿的统一要求”（《美国医学会杂志》1997 年；第 277 期：927–34），详情请访问：http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/terms_cond.html

Journal abbreviations source
学术期刊的缩写来源

Journal names should be abbreviated according to
期刊名称应按照

Index Medicus journal abbreviations: [http://www.nlm.nih. gov/tsd/serials/lji.html](http://www.nlm.nih. gov/tsd/serials/lji.html);
Index Medicus 期刊缩写: [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html);

List of title word abbreviations: http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
列出标题词的缩写: http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;

CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service): http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
CAS (化学摘要服务): 访问网址 http://www.cas.org/sent.html.

Tables 表格

• "Table" is always capitalized and never abbreviated, such as Table 1.
"表"始终为大写，不使用缩写形式，如表 1。

• Please submit tables as editable text and not as images.
请提交表格内容以可编辑文本形式，避免使用图片。

• Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
• 在文章中使用表格时要适度，确保表格内展示的数据不与文章中已阐述的信息重复。

• The content of Tables can be typed single-spaced at 12 or smaller points. Align the data of the Table to the left.
将表格的内容以 12 或更小的点数单倍行距方式输入，并将表格数据对齐到左侧。

• Put only one thing in each table cell, instead of several things.
将表格中的每个单元格仅限于放置一项内容，而非多项内容。

• Limit the data field to the minimum needed for meaningful comparison within the accuracy of the methods. For example, results should not be presented to 5 digits when the instrument used only reads to 2 digits.
• 确保数据字段仅包含进行准确比较所必需的最少信息，例如，当仪器的精度限制为小数点后 2 位时，结果不应展示到小数点后 5 位。

• Specify the basis (i.e., as-is, as-fed or dry matter basis) for dietary ingredient and chemical composition data listed in the main text or in tables. Similarly, specify the basis for tissue composition data (e.g., wet or dry basis).
• 明确膳食成分和化学组成数据在正文或表格中的基准（如，原始状态、喂养状态或干物质基准）。同样，明确组织组成数据的基准（例如，湿基或干基）。

• Units of measure for each variable must be indicated. Commas should be used to separate items or headings from the units of measure.
各变量的单位需明确标注，项目或标题与单位间应以逗号分隔。

• Abbreviations used in Tables must be defined and consistent with those used in the text.
在表格中定义并保持与文本中一致的缩写。

• Each footnote begins a new line. Use superscript numbers to indicate footnotes, and superscript letters to indicate statistical comparisons.
每个脚注都以新行开始。在脚注中使用上标数字标记，统计比较则使用上标字母标记。

• Provide sufficient information so that Tables can be understood without excessive reference to the text.
提供充足的信息，使得表格内容能够被理解，而无需过度依赖文本说明。

• Present a horizontal Table on a horizontal page.
在水平页面上展示一个水平表格。

Figures 图片

• "Figure" is abbreviated to "Fig.", such as Fig. 1.
"图"被缩写为"图."，如图. 1 所示。

• Ensure all Figures clear enough to be seen, especially the number and words (suggest the size to be no smaller than 8 points).
确保所有图都非常清晰可读，特别是数字和文字部分，建议使用不少于 8 号的字体大小。

• Keep text in the Figures themselves to a minimum, and the font and size of numbers and words in all the Figures should be consistent.
在所有图表中，应尽量简洁地使用文本，确保所有图表中的数字和文字使用统一的字体和大小。

• Provide sufficient information in captions so that Figures can be understood without excessive reference to the text.
提供充分的图注内容，确保图片在不参照大量文本的情况下也能被清晰理解。

• Animal Nutrition is a fully electronic journal. Authors are encouraged to use color to enhance figures. However, please only use color when absolutely necessary because many people are color blind.
动物营养是一本全电子期刊。作者应被鼓励使用颜色以增强图示。然而，请仅在必要时使用颜色，因为许多人可能有色盲。

• Present a horizontal Figure on a horizontal page.
在横式页面上展示横式图。

Figure captions 图片说明

Place the Figure caption under the Figure. Figure captions should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself), a description of the figure, and abbreviation definitions. Explain each sub-figure after "(A)", "(B)", "(C)" etc. in the caption when sub-figures are used. The capital letters (A, B, C, etc.) are at the upper-left corner to sub-figures.
将图例置于图下方。图例应包括一个简短的标题（不包含在图上），对图的描述，以及缩写的定义。当使用子图时，在标题后的“（A）”，“（B）”，“（C）”等后详细说明每个子图。子图的首字母大写（A，B，C 等）位于图的左上角。

Axes 工具轴

It is permissible to use an abbreviation for the axis description as long as it is a common abbreviation or identified in the caption. Units of measures, when needed, follow the axis description, separated by a comma.
在标题中标明的情况下，轴描述可以使用常见的缩写，如果需要，单位测量应与轴描述用逗号分隔。

Electronic artwork 电子艺术作品

General points 通用要点

• Make sure to use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
确保原始艺术作品的字体和字号保持统一。

• Save text in illustrations as “graphics” or enclose the font.
将文本在插图中保存为“图形”，或用框包围字体。

• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
在您的插图设计中仅使用 Arial、Courier、Times 和 Symbol 字体。

• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
根据文本中的序列对插图进行编号。

• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
使用逻辑命名规则为您的艺术文件命名，以提高文件管理和查找效率。

• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
提供插图的字幕应单独给出。

• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• 生成接近打印版本所需大小的图像。

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
可获取一份关于电子作品的详细指南。

Authors are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
作者们被鼓励浏览此网站；以下是该详细信息的精选摘录。

Formats 格式

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please “save as” or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
当您的电子作品最终完成时，不论使用何种应用程序，请将图像另存为或转换为以下格式之一（请留意对线图、半色调和线/半色调组合的分辨率要求）

EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as “graphics”
EPS: 矢量插图。请嵌入字体或将文本保存为“图形”

TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
对于 TIFF：始终使用至少 300 dpi 的彩色或灰度照片（半色调）。

TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1,000 dpi.
TIFF: 点阵线条图：使用不低于 1,000 dpi。

TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
在彩色或灰度的情况下，组合位图线条/半色调的 TIFF 格式需要至少 500 dpi。

If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is'.
如果您的电子作品是在 Microsoft Office 应用程序（如 Word、PowerPoint、Excel）中制作的，请直接提供作品。

Please do not: 请勿:

• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
提供的文件适用于屏幕显示（如 GIF，BMP，PICT，WPG），但分辨率不足；

• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
提供分辨率不足的文件；

• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
提交的图形内容与实际内容相比过大。

Color Artwork 色彩艺术作品（优化）

Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF or JPEG, EPS or PDF, or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, authors submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.
请确保您的艺术作品文件格式为可接受的（如 TIFF、JPEG、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件），且具有正确的分辨率。若作者在提交已接受的文章时一并提交了可用的彩色图，则爱思唯尔将免费确保这些图在网页上（如 ScienceDirect 等网站）以彩色形式展示，无论印刷版是否以彩色形式呈现。

Appendix and Supplementary Data
附录和附录数据

Appendix and supplementary data are optional. They may contain supplementary material, explanations, and elaborations that are not essential to other major sections but are helpful to the reader. They are not directly presented on the article but can be download via a link on the web page. The supplemental Table and Figure names should be as follows: Table S1, Table S2, etc., Fig. S1, Fig. S2, etc.
附录和补充数据是可选的，可能包含额外的材料、解释和说明，这些内容对于文章的主要部分不是必须的，但对读者有益。这些补充材料不会直接出现在文章中，而是可以通过网页上的链接下载。补充表格和图的名称应为：表格 S1、表格 S2 等，图 S1、图 S2 等。

Units of Measure 计量单位

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions. Use the international system of units (SI) and SI derived units that are widely used in conjunction with SI units. The following site (National Institute of Standards and Technology) provides a comprehensive guide to SI units and usage: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html
遵循国际公认的规则和标准，使用与国际单位制（SI）广泛配套的 SI 单位及其派生单位。美国国家标准与技术研究院的网站提供了关于 SI 单位及其使用方法的详尽指南：http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html

• Do not use ppm, which is not a SI unit. Replace ppm with mg/kg, μg/g, mg/L, μg/mL, μL/L, or nL/mL.
  将 ppm 替换为 mg/kg、μg/g、mg/L、μg/mL、μL/L 或 nL/mL，因为它不是 SI 单位。

• Use metric ton or tonne, e.g., 32.8 g/metric ton, 13.6 g/tonne.
  使用公吨或吨，例如，每公吨 32.8 克，每吨 13.6 克。

Centrifugal force 离心力

Centrifugal force should be provided in × g with the duration, temperature, and type of centrifugation, e.g., "centrifuged at 3,000 × g at 4 °C for 15 min". Centrifugation expression using "rpm" or "r/min" should be converted to centrifugal force, because g force depends on radius of the rotor and the speed of revolution.
在 4°C 下以 3000×g 的重力加速度离心 15 分钟。注意，离心速度通常以 rpm 或 r/min 表示，但为了计算重力加速度，需要将其转换，因为重力加速度的值依赖于转子的半径和旋转速度。

Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) = (rpm)2 × 1.118 × 10-5 × r, where r is the radius of the rotor.
相对离心力（RCF）等于（每分钟转数 rpm 的平方）乘以 1.118 乘以 10 的负五次方，再乘以转子的半径 r。

The following websites give a list of conversions: http://www.endmemo.com/bio/grpm.php, https://bcf.technion.ac.il/portfolio/rcfrpm-conversion/.
给出转换列表的以下网站：访问 http://www.endmemo.com/bio/grpm.php 和 https://bcf.technion.ac.il/portfolio/rcfrpm-conversion/以获取更多详细信息。

Numbers 数字（更自然的表达）

The values in the tables and the text should be given with meaningful decimals; practically, the last digit should correspond to about one tenth of the standard error.
表格中的数值和文本应使用能够反映其精确度到标准误差十分之一程度的小数形式表示。

• Use numerals rather than words to express whole and decimal numbers in scientific text, titles, headings, tables, and figure captions, e.g., 4 times, 6 groups, except when they begin a sentence.
  在科学文本、标题、小标题、表格和图例中，应使用数字而非文字表示整数和小数，例如，4 次，6 组，除非它们作为句子的开头。

• For most general uses, spell out zero and one. However, use numerals when they are directly connected to a unit of measure or when they specify assigned or calculated values, e.g., 1 year, a mean of 0.
  对于一般用途，零和一应以文字形式呈现。但在与单位测量直接相连或用于表示分配或计算值时，应使用数字，如 1 年，平均值为 0。

• Use numerals to designate mathematical relationships, such as ratios and multiplication factors, e.g., 5:1, at 100× magnification, 3-fold.
  在 100 倍放大下，使用数字表示数学关系，如比例和乘法因子，例如，为 5:1，存在 3 倍。

• Use thousand separator commas in numbers equal to or greater than 10,000.
  在等于或大于 10,000 的数字中使用千分位分隔符。

• Numbers share a same unit of measure, e.g., 9.80, 9.55 and 9.71 MJ/kg.
  数字具有相同的计量单位，比如，9.80、9.55 和 9.71 MJ/kg。

• The percentage sign is not shared, e.g., 10% to 20%.
  将 10%到 20%表示为百分号不共享。

• Use "to" for a numeral range, e.g., from 2 to 10 d.
  从 2 到 10 d，使用"到"表示数字范围。

Math Formulae 数学公式

• Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in the line of text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. Only one slash may be used in any give expression, e.g., (a/b)/c, not a/b/c.
  请提交数学方程式作为可编辑文本形式，避免上传图片。在可能的情况下，将简单的公式直接写入文本行中，并使用斜线（/）来表示分数，如 X/Y。在表达式中，仅允许使用一个斜线，例如（a/b）/c，而非 a/b/c。

• Display complex formulae separately from the text, and use MathType to enter complex formulae. If they are referred to explicitly in the text, number them consecutively.
  在文本中明确提及的情况下，将复杂的公式单独显示，并使用 MathType 输入。对提及的公式进行连续编号。

Abbreviations 缩写

• For an unabbreviated term that is long or complex, use of an abbreviation may be helpful. Where such a term is continually referred to, it must be written in full and followed by the subsequent abbreviation in parentheses. It should be consistently defined in the abstract, re-defined in the main text, and re-defined in tables and figures when it first appears; thereafter, the abbreviation is always used.
  对于长或复杂的未缩写术语，使用缩写可能是个好方法。在频繁提及该术语时，应将其全写并紧随其后括号中的缩写。它应在摘要中明确定义，在正文部分重新定义，并在图表和图首次出现时重新定义；之后，应始终使用缩写。

• Common and standard abbreviations (a list is provided in the General section) can be directly used without being defined, but the intended meaning must be unambiguous from the context.
  常见的标准缩写（通用部分提供了列表），在使用时无需定义，但必须确保上下文能清晰地解释其含义，避免产生混淆。

• Chemical symbols and 3-letter abbreviations for amino acids can be directly used without definition.
  化学符号和氨基酸的 3 字母简写可以直接使用，无需额外定义。

• Single-letter abbreviations that could be confused with chemical elements (e.g., P, C, S, N) are not suggested to be used.
  建议避免使用可能与化学元素混淆的单个字母缩写（如 P、C、S、N）。

• Excessive use of abbreviations can confuse the reader. If an abbreviation is not used in the following text, it should not be used; the term it represents should be spell out, or the text in which it appears should be rewritten to eliminate the need for the abbreviation.
  过度使用缩写可能导致读者误解。若文本中未使用缩写，则无需使用；应将代表缩写的术语完整写出，或调整文本以去除使用缩写的必要性。

• Abbreviations are generally fully spelled in the beginning of sentences.
  在句子开头，缩写通常会完全展开。

• Liter or Litre is always a capital letter "L", e.g. mL, dL.
  毫升或升始终使用大写"L"符号，如：mL，dL。

• Use "Exp." for experiment and "Eq." for equation, e.g., Exp. 1, Eq. 1.
  使用"Exp."表示实验，"Eq."表示方程，如，实验 1，方程 1。

• Use "s", "min", "h", "d" for second, minute and day, e.g., 2 h, 3 min, 20 s, 5 d, and d 9.
  使用 "s", "min", "h", "d" 分别表示秒、分钟、天，例如 2 小时, 3 分钟, 20 秒, 5 天, 和天 9。

• P (probability) is always a capital letter P in italics, e.g., P-value.
  在概率的上下文中，P 值总是以大写字母 P 的形式出现，并且斜体表示，例如，P 值。

• Plural abbreviations do not require "s."
  复数缩写不需要"s."

Uppercase 大写字母

• Only capitalize the first word and any proper nouns in the paper title, section headings, Table and Figure titles, Table column and row headings.
  将论文标题、章节标题、表和图标题、表的列和行标题中的第一个单词和所有专有名词首字母大写。

• Trademarked product names should be capitalized.
  商标的商品名称应该全部大写。

Italic 斜体

• Non-English words in common usage (as shown in https://dictionary.cambridge.org/, https://www.merriam-webster.com/) are not in italics, e.g., in vitro, in vivo, ad libitum, in situ, a priori, spp., vs., i.e., et al., etc.
  在非英语词汇的常用使用中（见 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/和 https://www.merriam-webster.com/），这些词汇不应使用斜体，如 in vitro，in vivo，ad libitum，in situ，a priori，spp.，vs.，i.e.，et al.，等等。

• Italicize statistical letters, n for sample size, P for probability, R, etc.
  将统计字母以斜体字标注，n 代表样本大小，P 代表概率，R 等。

• Represent variables by a single letter in italics in mathematical expressions, e.g., x, y.
  在数学表达式中用斜体表示变量，如 x，y。

• Italicize letters and numerals used as a symbol for a gene.
  当使用斜体字母和数字表示符号基因时，将其呈现为：

• Italicize bacteria names only at the genus and species levels.
  在属和种水平上，将细菌名称斜体化。

• Write the full Latin names of bacteria genera, plants, and insects at the first mention in the abstract, and again in the main text such as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvensi, and thereafter in the short forms, such as B. fibrisolvensi.
  在摘要中首次出现时，写出细菌属、植物和昆虫的完整拉丁名，如 Butyrivibrio fibrisolvensi，之后在正文中使用缩写形式，如 B. fibrisolvensi。

Genes 基因

Current standard international nomenclature for genes should be adhered to. Authors are required to use only approved gene and protein names and symbols. In general, full gene names should not be italicized and gene symbols should be in italics. A protein symbol should be in the same format as its gene except the protein symbol should not be in italics. For human genes, use genetic notation and symbols approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (http://www.genenames.org/) or refer to PubMed ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ entrez](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ entrez)). The Human Genome Variation Society also has a useful site that provides guidance in naming mutations at http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/index.html
当前的国际基因命名标准需要被遵守。作者需要仅使用已获批准的基因和蛋白质名称及符号。通常情况下，基因的完整名称不应使用斜体，而基因符号则应使用斜体。蛋白质的符号应与基因的格式相同，但不需要使用斜体。对于人类基因，应采用由 HUGO 基因命名委员会认可的遗传记号和符号（http://www.genenames.org/），或者查阅 PubMed（[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ entrez](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ entrez)）。此外，人类基因变异学会提供了一个有用的网站，提供了命名变异的指导，网址为 http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/index.html

When any gene expression work is involved, the reference gene(s) used must be optimised according to the guideline The Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) (https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.112797).
当进行任何基因表达研究时，所选用的参考基因应根据《定量实时 PCR 实验出版的最小信息（MIQE）》指南进行优化（https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.112797）。

Others 其他

• Registered (®) and trademark (©, ™) symbols should not be used, unless as part of an article title in the References section.
  注册（®）和商标（©，™）符号在参考部分的文章标题中使用时，不应被使用。

• In the main text, spaces should be added around all signs (except slant lines) of operation (=, −, +, ±, ×, ≥, >, ≤, or <) when these signs occur between 2 items.
  在主文本中，当运算符号（除了斜线）出现在两个项目之间时，需要在这些符号周围添加空格。这些符号包括等号=，减号−，加号+，正负号±，乘号×，大于等于符号≥，大于号>，小于等于符号≤，或小于号<。

• Avoid jargon unfamiliar to scientists from other disciplines. Do not use the term "head" to refer to an animal or group of animals. Instead, use "animal, sow, ewe, steer, heifer, cattle", etc.
  避免使用对其他科学领域专家来说不熟悉的术语。不要用“头”这个词来指代动物或一群动物，而应使用“动物、母猪、母羊、公牛、母牛、牛群”等。

Preprint references 预印本参考文献

Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
在预印本后来发展为同行评审出版物时，应使用正式出版物作为参考。对于对您的工作至关重要或对主题的关键进展有重要覆盖，但尚未正式出版的预印本，也可以引用。预印本应明确标注为预印本，例如在参考文献中包含“预印本”或预印本平台的名称。同时，应提供预印本的 DOI。

Research Data 研究数据的初步翻译已进行优化

This journal encourages and enables authors to share data that supports their research publication where appropriate, and enables authors to interlink the data with their published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages authors to share the software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
本期刊鼓励作者在适当情况下分享支持其研究成果的资料，并使作者能够将这些资料与已发表的文章相互链接。研究成果指的是验证研究发现的观察或实验的结果。为了促进可重复性和数据重用，本期刊还鼓励作者分享与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、流程和其它有用资料。

Below are a number of ways in which authors can associate data with their article or make a statement about the availability of their data when submitting the manuscript. If authors are sharing data in one of these ways, authors are encouraged to cite the data in the manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the 'References' section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
以下是作者在提交手稿时与文章关联数据或对数据可用性发表声明的几种方式。作者若以这些方式分享数据，应鼓励在文章和参考文献列表中引用数据。欲了解更多信息，可参阅“参考文献”部分，了解数据引用的相关内容。欲获取存档、共享和使用研究数据，以及相关研究材料的更多信息，请访问研究数据页面。

Data Linking 数据链接

If authors have made their research data available in a data repository, authors can link their article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that give them a better understanding of the research described.
如果作者在数据存储库中公开了他们的研究数据，作者可以将文章直接链接到数据集。爱思唯尔与若干存储库合作，将 ScienceDirect 上的文章与相关存储库进行直接链接，使读者能够访问支持研究描述的原始数据，从而更深入地理解研究内容。

There are different ways to link authors' datasets to authors' article. When available, authors can directly link their dataset to their article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.
在提交系统中提供相关信息时，存在多种方法可以将作者的数据库直接链接到其文章。如需了解更多信息，请参阅数据库链接页面。

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to the published article on ScienceDirect.
对于受支持的数据存储库，ScienceDirect 上发布的文章旁边会自动显示一个存储库横幅。

In addition, authors can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of their manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
作者可以在论文文本中通过使用标识符链接到相关数据或实体，格式如下：数据库：xxxx（如，TAIR：AT1G01020；CCDC：734053；PDB：1XFN）。

Mendeley Data Mendeley 数据的初步翻译，优化为更自然的中文表达

This journal supports Mendeley Data, enabling authors to deposit any research data (including raw and processed data, video, code, software, algorithms, protocols, and methods) associated with the manuscript in a free-to-use, open access repository. During the submission process, after uploading the manuscript, authors will have the opportunity to upload their relevant datasets directly to Mendeley Data. The datasets will be listed and directly accessible to readers next to their published article online.
该期刊支持 Mendeley Data，作者可以提交与论文相关的任何研究数据（包括原始和处理后的数据、视频、代码、软件、算法、流程和方法）到一个免费开放的在线存储库。在提交论文后，作者有机会直接将相关数据上传到 Mendeley Data。这些数据集将与在线发表的文章一起列出并直接供读者访问。

For more information, visit the Mendeley Data for journals page.
为了获取更多信息，请浏览期刊的 Mendeley 数据页面。

Data statement 数据声明

To foster transparency, Animal Nutrition encourages authors to state the availability of the data in their submission. This may be a requirement of the funding body or institution. If the data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, authors will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with the published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.
动物营养鼓励作者在提交时说明数据的可获取性。这可能符合资助机构的要求。如果数据无法获取或不适合公开，作者在提交时有机会解释原因，比如声明研究数据为保密信息。此解释将在 ScienceDirect 上发布的文章中显示。欲知更多详情，请查看数据声明页面。

After acceptance 接受后

Use of the Digital Object Identifier
使用数字对象标识符

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059
数字对象标识符(DOI)可用于引用和链接电子文档。DOI 由出版商在初次电子出版时分配给文档，由唯一的字母数字字符字符串组成。分配的 DOI 永远不会改变，因此它是一种理想的引用文档的媒介，特别是“即将发表的文章”，因为它们尚未获得完整的参考文献信息。引用 DOI 的正确格式如下（从物理快报期刊的一篇文章示例中获取）：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059

When authors use a DOI to create links to documents on the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change.
当作者使用 DOI 创建指向网络文档的链接时，DOI 确保其始终稳定不变。

Proofs 证明

One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author or a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the files themselves. To ensure a fast publication process of the article, Animal Nutrition kindly asks authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this authors will need to download the free Adobe Reader, version 9 (or higher). Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site.
一组页面校样（作为 PDF 文件）将通过电子邮件发送给相应作者，或者将提供链接供作者自行下载文件。为了确保文章的快速出版，动物营养期刊请求作者在两天内完成校样修改。爱思唯尔为作者提供了可以注释的 PDF 校样，作者需要下载免费的 Adobe Reader，版本 9（或更高版本）。将提供如何在 PDF 文件中进行注释的说明（也在线提供）。在 Adobe 网站上可以找到系统要求的详细信息。

If authors do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, authors may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list the corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of the proof and scan the pages and return via e-mail. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. Animal Nutrition will do everything possible to get articles published quickly and accurately. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to Animal Nutrition in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely authors' responsibility.
如果作者不想使用 PDF 注释功能，作者可以将更正（包括对查询表单的回复）以电子邮件的形式发送给 Elsevier。请在邮件中引用行号。如果无法实现，那么请在打印稿的页面上标记更正和其他评论（包括对查询表单的回复），然后扫描页面并以电子邮件形式返回。请仅使用此校样来检查排版、编辑、文本、表格和图的完整性和准确性。对于已接受出版的文章，对文章进行的重大修改仅在获得编辑的许可后才会考虑。 确保所有更正都在一次通信中发送至动物营养：在回复前请仔细核对，因为无法保证后续更正的纳入。校对是作者的责任。

Author inquiries 作者咨询

Author Inquiries 作者咨询

Authors can track their submitted article at https://www.elsevier.com/track-submission. Authors can track their accepted article at https://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle. Authors are also welcome to contact Customer Support via https://service.elsevier.com.
作者可以访问 https://www.elsevier.com/track-submission 来追踪其提交的文章。对于已接受的文章，可以访问 https://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle 进行追踪。作者还可以通过 https://service.elsevier.com 联系客服。