BEIRUT—Hassan Nasrallah and other senior leaders of Hezbollah were under siege as they gathered Friday in a bunker more than 60 feet beneath the surface of a bustling working- class neighborhood in southern Beirut.
贝鲁特—真主党领导人哈桑·纳斯鲁拉和其他高级官员星期五聚集在贝鲁特南部一个繁忙的工人阶级社区地下 60 英尺深的地下掩体内，受到围困。
A series of Israeli attacks killed many of the Lebanese militant group’s senior leaders, blew up its electronic devices and destroyed some of its vast arsenal of missiles. Some planned to use the meeting to express frustration that Iran was restraining them from responding more forcefully to the Israeli attacks, according to people familiar with Hezbollah’s discussions.
一系列以色列的袭击杀死了黎巴嫩激进组织的许多高级领导人，炸毁了其电子设备，并摧毁了其庞大导弹库的一部分。一些人计划利用会议表达他们的沮丧之情，因为伊朗限制他们对以色列袭击作出更强烈的回应，根据熟悉真主党讨论的人士说。
Around dusk, explosions shook the city above.
黄昏时分，爆炸声震动了上面的城市。
Israel’s air force struck the bunker with about 80 tons of bombs, according to several people familiar with the situation. The attack used a series of timed, chained explosions to penetrate the subterranean bunker, a senior Israeli military official said.
以色列空军用约 80 吨炸弹袭击了该碉堡，据几位熟悉情况的人士透露。这次攻击使用了一系列定时、连锁爆炸来穿透地下碉堡，以色列高级军官说。
When it was over, a pillar of orange smoke rose above Beirut. And Hassan Nasrallah, the fierce and charismatic Islamist who had led Hezbollah for more than three decades, was dead.
当一切结束时，一柱橙色烟雾从贝鲁特升起。而哈桑·纳斯鲁拉，这位带领真主党超过三个世纪的激进而有魅力的伊斯兰主义者，已经死亡。
Hezbollah’s leadership 真主党领导层
Secretary General 秘书长
Hassan Nasrallah 哈桑·纳斯鲁拉
Killed: Sept. 27 in Beirut
遇害：9 月 27 日，贝鲁特
Deputy Secretary General
副秘书长
Naim Qassem 奈姆·卡塞姆
SHURA COUNCIL 舒拉委员会
Judicial 司法
council 委员会
Political 政治
council 委员会
Executive 执行官
council 委员会
Parliamentary 议会的
council 委员会
Shiite tribunal 什叶派法庭
Mohammad 穆罕默德
Yazbek 亚兹贝克
Political & 政治与
governmental 政府的
consulting 咨询
Ibrahim Amin 伊卜拉欣·阿明
Al-Sayed 阿尔赛义德
Civilian 民用
activities 活动
Hashem Safi 哈希姆·萨菲
Al-Din 阿尔丁
Parliament and 国会和
political parties 政党
activities 活动
Mohammad 穆罕默德
Raad 拉德
JIHAD COUNCIL 圣战委员会
Fuad Shukr 福阿德·舒克尔
Killed: July 30 遇害时间：7 月 30 日
in Beirut 贝鲁特
Talal Hamiyah 塔拉勒·哈米耶
Ibrahim Akil 易卜拉欣·阿基尔
Killed: Sept. 20 遇害：9 月 20 日
in Beirut 贝鲁特
Identity 身份
unknown 未知
注：截至 9 月 28 日
照片：从上顺时针方向：Getty Images；Shutterstock；路透社；Getty Images（2）；路透社；美国国务院；美联社；路透社
来源：阿尔玛；工作人员报告
His death leaves a void at the top of the world’s most heavily armed nonstate militia, which is designated as a terrorist group by the U.S. It was a transformative event for the Middle East. Friday’s strike capped a series of killings by Israel that wiped out nearly an entire generation of Hezbollah leaders, throwing Iran’s most valuable militia ally into disarray.
他的死在这个世界上最重的非国家民兵组织中造成了一个空白，该组织被美国认定为恐怖组织。这是中东的一个转折性事件。周五的袭击是以色列一系列刺杀行动的高潮，这些行动几乎消灭了整个一代真主党领导人，使伊朗最有价值的民兵盟友陷入混乱。
The killing showed Israel’s leaders are prepared to blow past the red lines that previously defined the country’s slow-burning conflict with Hezbollah to ensure its own security.
这次击杀事件表明，以色列领导人准备超越以前为该国与真主党之间的低烈度冲突设定的红线，以确保自己的安全。
Israel, which has hit Lebanon with more than 2,000 airstrikes in recent days, said its military campaign is aimed at ending Hezbollah’s attacks on northern Israel that have forced tens of thousands of Israelis to evacuate from their homes. More than 700 people have been killed by the strikes in recent days, according to the Lebanese health ministry.
以色列最近几天对黎巴嫩发动了 2000 多次空袭，声称其军事行动旨在结束真主党对以色列北部的袭击，这些袭击迫使数万以色列人从家中撤离。根据黎巴嫩卫生部的统计，最近几天的空袭已经造成 700 多人死亡。
“What Israel is doing with this campaign against Hezbollah has opened the door to a new era in which Iran’s influence in the Middle East is going to be significantly weakened,” said Lina Khatib, director of the SOAS Middle East Institute, a think tank based in London.
“以色列此次针对真主党的行动开启了一个新时代的大门，在这个时代里，伊朗在中东地区的影响力将会显著削弱，”位于伦敦的智库机构 SOAS 中东研究所所长莉娜·哈蒂卜说。
Israel’s operational planning for Friday’s strike began months ago, with military officials identifying how to pierce an underground bunker in southern Beirut with a series of timed explosions, with each blast paving the way for the next one. The attack was one of the largest single airstrikes on a major city in recent history.
以色列对周五的袭击的作战计划开始于几个月前，军方官员找到了如何用一系列定时爆炸突破贝鲁特南部一个地下掩体，每次爆炸为下一次爆炸铺平道路。这次袭击是近年来对主要城市的最大规模空袭之一。
Israeli officials began to discuss seriously the option of killing Nasrallah in recent days, according to a person briefed on the matter. The exact timing of the strike, Israeli officials said, was opportunistic, coming after Israeli intelligence learned about the meeting hours before it occurred.
以色列官员最近几天开始认真讨论杀死纳斯拉拉的选项，根据一位知情人士的说法。 以色列官员表示，袭击的确切时间是机会主义的，在以色列情报机构几个小时前得知会议召开之前。
贝鲁特南部郊区的以色列空袭冒起烟雾。照片：哈桑·阿马尔/美联社
“We had real-time intelligence that Nasrallah was gathering with many senior terrorists,” said an Israeli military spokesman, Nadav Shoshani.
“我们掌握了纳斯鲁拉与许多高级恐怖分子会面的实时情报，”以色列军方发言人纳达夫·肖沙尼说。
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was in New York for the United Nations General Assembly, where he gave a defiant speech Friday to a largely empty chamber, after many delegates walked out. “We will not accept a terror army perched on our northern border able to perpetrate another Oct. 7-style massacre,” he said.
以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡出席了在纽约举行的联合国大会，在许多代表离开后，他在几乎空无一人的会场上发表了强硬的演讲。“我们不会接受恐怖军队在我们的北部边界驻扎，能够再次制造 10 月 7 日风格的大屠杀，”他说。
An hour after the attack, his office released a photo of him on the phone in New York, giving the greenlight for the strike.
袭击发生一个小时后，他的办公室发布了一张他在纽约打电话的照片，批准了这次袭击。
In Washington, the strike was met with frustration from top members of the Biden administration after days in which the U.S. had tried to restart negotiations toward a cease-fire in both Gaza and Lebanon. Netanyahu had earlier in the week cast doubt on an American and French-led cease-fire initiative.
在华盛顿，拜登政府高层官员对这次袭击感到沮丧，因为在此之前，美国曾尝试重启在加沙和黎巴嫩的停火谈判。 نتنياه早些时候对美国和法国领导的停火倡议表示怀疑。
U.S. officials said they weren’t informed ahead of time about the strike, something Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin expressed concern about during a call Friday with his Israeli counterpart, Yoav Gallant, according to an official familiar with the call.
美国官员表示，他们没有事先被告知有关这次袭击的信息，国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀在周五与以色列国防部长约夫·加兰特通话时表达了对此的担忧，据一位熟悉电话内容的官员透露。
以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡星期五在纽约市一家酒店房间内批准了针对真主党领导层的空袭。总理办公室修改了照片中桌子上的物品。照片：以色列总理办公室/祖玛新闻社
The Beirut strike replicated one key aspect of the war in Gaza: Israel’s willingness to use large bombs to achieve its military aims including the targeting of senior leaders of Hamas and Hezbollah, even in urban areas where those strikes risk killing many civilians. The Israeli military has carried out a series of such strikes in Gaza. It used eight 2,000-pound bombs to try to kill Hamas’s top military leader in July.
贝鲁特袭击复制了加沙战争的一个关键方面：以色列愿意使用大型炸弹来实现其军事目标，包括针对哈马斯和真主党高级领导人，即使在城市地区，这些袭击也可能杀死许多平民。以色列军队在加沙进行了一系列此类袭击。7 月，以色列曾使用八枚 2000 磅炸弹试图杀死哈马斯最高军事领导人。
“What it says is that Israel is serious about stopping this persistent threat from Hezbollah, and they’re willing to accept a lot of risks of doing it,” said Joseph Votel, a retired four-star general and former commander of U.S. forces in the Middle East. “The weight of the strike was designed to ensure they had the greatest chance of being successful in killing Nasrallah.”
“这表明，以色列对制止真主党的持续威胁是认真的，他们愿意承担很多风险来做到这一点，” 约瑟夫·沃特尔说，他是一位退役的四星将军，曾任美国驻中东部队的指挥官。 “空袭的规模是为了确保他们有最大的机会成功杀死纳斯鲁拉。”
Israel takes on a far higher risk of civilian casualties than in comparable American attacks on high-value targets, said former U.S. military officials. For example, raids that killed Osama bin Laden and the Islamic State leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, were carried out by teams of special forces on the ground paired with close air support, rather than airstrikes.
以色列在针对高价值目标的袭击中比美国承担了更高的平民伤亡风险，前美国军官说。例如，杀死奥萨马·本·拉登和伊斯兰国领导人阿布·贝克尔·巴格达迪的突袭行动是由地面特种部队和密切的空中支援共同完成的，而不是空袭。
“They have a high tolerance for extreme amounts of civilian casualties, especially when it comes to high-value targets like the Hezbollah leadership or the Hamas leadership,” said Wes Bryant, a retired master sergeant and special operations joint terminal attack controller in the U.S. Air Force.
“他们对大量平民伤亡有很高的忍耐力，尤其是当目标是像真主党领导层或哈马斯领导层这样的高价值目标时，”美国空军退役特级士官兼特种作战联合终端攻击控制员韦斯·布莱恩特说。
Beirut residents have been on edge for months, watching as the violence between Hezbollah and Israel escalated. Many in Lebanon remember the devastation wrought by the last full-scale war, in 2006.
贝鲁特居民几个月以来一直备感紧张，他们眼睁睁地看着真主党和以色列之间的暴力升级。许多黎巴嫩人仍记得 2006 年那场全面战争带来的毁灭。
真主党支持者抬着一名在本月早些时候电子设备爆炸中遇难者的棺材。照片：Manu Brabo 为华尔街日报拍摄
In that conflict, Israeli warplanes bombed the runways of the Beirut airport, along with residential areas in Beirut, grocery stores, gas stations and civilian infrastructure across the country. Lebanon suffered an economic crisis in the years that followed, leaving it on the brink of failed-state status, with few resources to withstand another war.
在那场冲突中，以色列战机轰炸了贝鲁特机场的跑道，以及贝鲁特的住宅区、杂货店、加油站和全国范围的民用基础设施。其后几年，黎巴嫩遭受了经济危机，使其濒临失败国家的地位，几乎没有资源来抵御另一场战争。
In the recent conflict, waves of Israeli airstrikes have sent thousands fleeing north and pouring into the city. Some 200,000 people have been displaced in Lebanon. The airstrike that killed Nasrallah opened yet another phase in the conflict, and spread fear and foreboding among the public.
在最近的冲突中，以色列的空袭波浪席卷了成千上万的人逃往北方涌入城市。约有 20 万人在黎巴嫩流离失所。杀死纳斯鲁拉的空袭开启了冲突的又一个阶段，并在公众中传播了恐惧和不祥的预感。
After the strike, the Israeli military issued notices on social media warning residents of specific areas of southern Beirut to leave their buildings, using one of the hallmark tactics of the war in Gaza, where it has displaced civilians while going in to strike Hamas.
袭击发生后，以色列军方在社交媒体上发布公告，警告贝鲁特南部特定地区的居民离开大楼，这是加沙战争的标志性策略之一，他们在袭击哈马斯时使平民流离失所。
Many people said they didn’t see the warnings. They simply fled southern Beirut after Friday’s strikes out of fear following the strike on Nasrallah. Carrying backpacks and plastic bags, they spilled into central Beirut while others piled into cars and headed north.
许多人表示，他们没有看到警告。他们在周五对纳斯鲁拉的袭击后出于恐惧简单地逃离了贝鲁特南部，背着背包和塑料袋涌入贝鲁特市中心，而其他人则涌入汽车，向北驶去。
As the sun rose, families huddled together on Martyrs’ Square, a concrete plaza in central Beirut near the Lebanese parliament and steps from the bars and nightclubs frequented by Beirut’s elite. Some sat on plastic-foam slabs while others made tents of plastic sheets to shield themselves from the sun.
当太阳升起时，家庭聚集在烈士广场，一個位於贝鲁特市中心、黎巴嫩议会附近的混凝土广场，靠近贝鲁特精英階層常去的酒吧和夜总会。有些人坐在塑料泡沫板上，而其他人則用塑料布搭起帐篷来挡住阳光。
“The earth shook beneath us,” said 42-year-old Fadla Qassem Sheikh, who sat with her family on the steps of the Mohammad al-Amin Mosque on the edge of the Martyrs’ Square on Saturday morning after she fled southern Beirut. “How can they drop 20 tons of bombs on women and children?”
“大地在我们脚下颤抖”，42 岁的法德拉·卡西姆·谢赫说，她周六早上带着家人坐在穆罕默德·阿明清真寺的台阶上，位于烈士广场边缘，此前她逃离了贝鲁特南部。“他们怎么能向妇女和儿童投下 20 吨炸弹？”
逃离黎巴嫩南部村庄的居民在过去一周内塞顿市的交通中等待。照片：穆罕默德·扎塔里/美联社
Abu Mohammed Mohsin was at his home a short distance from where the strikes occurred. “It’s not our decision whether to stay or go,” he said. If he can’t go back soon, he said he would spread a mattress on the ground and sleep in the street.
阿布·穆罕默德·穆赫辛当时正在他距离事发地点不远的家中。“是否留下或离开并非我们决定的，”他说。如果他不能很快返回，他说他会在地上铺上床垫并在街上睡觉。
Moussa Mourad had fled his town in southern Lebanon earlier in September after he heard rumors that Israeli forces were about to hit the town, taking refuge first with a relative who lived on the road to the Beirut airport. He moved into a new apartment with his family of seven on Thursday.
穆萨·穆拉德（Moussa Mourad）在 9 月初听到以色列军队即将袭击他的南黎巴嫩小镇的传言后逃离了那里，最初他与住在前往贝鲁特机场的路上的亲戚一起避难。星期四，他和他的七口之家搬进了一套新公寓。
A newcomer to the capital, he barely knew his way around the city. He had no idea there was a Hezbollah compound in the area, he said. On Friday evening, he had returned to his newly rented apartment to unwind with his family, after taking his son for his cancer treatment at a local hospital.
他是个初来乍到的外地人，几乎不了解这个城市。他说，他根本不知道这一带有一个真主党的院落。周五晚上，他带儿子在当地医院接受癌症治疗后，回到新租的公寓里和家人一起放松一下。
Then the bombing shook the building.
随后，爆炸震撼了大楼。
What happened next is mostly a blur. He and his family hurriedly crammed into his car and drove to Martyrs’ Square. There, they sat on the pavement gazing at passing cars until late on Friday night.
接下来发生的事情大部分是模糊的。他和他的家人匆忙地塞进他的车里，开车去了烈士广场。在那里，他们坐在人行道上，凝视着经过的汽车，直到星期五晚上很晚。
“There is an hour of my life where I can’t remember any of the details,” he said. “I just remember the sound of the ground shaking underneath us.”
“我一生中有一小时的时间，我根本记不得任何细节，”他说。“我只记得我们脚下的地面摇晃的声音。”
以色列空袭贝鲁特东南部现场的残骸，周六拍摄。照片：侯赛因·马拉/美联社
Stephen Kalin, Laurence Norman and Carrie Keller-Lynn contributed to this article.
斯蒂芬·卡林、劳伦斯·诺曼和凯莉·凯勒-林恩对本文有贡献。
Write to Jared Malsin at jared.malsin@wsj.com, Summer Said at summer.said@wsj.com and Anat Peled at anat.peled@wsj.com
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Appeared in the September 30, 2024, print edition as 'Israel Knew Leader Would Be at Meeting'.