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Appendix


Questionnaire on secondary school students' perception of school climate and learning engagement


1. Basic Information


Before starting the questionnaire, please fill in the following basic information, and type "√" or fill in the _______ under the option that suits your situation:


1. Grades and classes: _______ grade _______ classes. (Please fill in).


2. Gender: _______. (1) Boys (2) Girls


3. Home location: _______. (1) Urban (2) rural


4. Your current overall academic grades: _______. (1) Very Poor (2) Poor (8) Medium (4) Good Excellent


5. The father's education level is _______; The mother's level of education is _______. (Please fill in).


(1) Primary school (2) Junior high school (3) High school including technical secondary school) (4) Higher vocational and junior college (5) Bachelor's degree (6) Master's degree (7) Doctorate


6. Your family's financial conditions are _______. (1) Very difficult (2) Relatively difficult (3) Moderate (4) Relatively affluent Very affluent


2. Learning Engagement Scale


Fill in the instructions: Please choose the one that you think best matches between 1 and 5 according to your actual situation, and put "√" on the option


serial number


Please answer the following statements according to your state at the time of study.


Exactly


More compliant


Basically compliant


Not quite quite so


Not at all true

1


As soon as I get up in the morning, I'm happy to go to study.

5

4

3

2

1

2


When I study, I feel energized.

5

4

3

2

1

3


Even if my studies didn't go well, I was not discouraged and was able to persevere.

5

4

3

2

1

4


Able to study for a long time without a break in between.

5

4

3

2

1

5


When I was studying, I recovered quickly even though I was mentally tired.

5

4

3

2

1

6


When I was studying, I was full of strength and energy.

5

4

3

2

1

7


I found it challenging to learn.

5

4

3

2

1

8


Learning inspires.

5

4

3

2

1

9


I have a passion for learning.

5

4

3

2

1

10


I am proud of my studies.

5

4

3

2

1

11


I found my studies to be purposeful and meaningful.

5

4

3

2

1

12


When I was studying, I forgot everything around me.

5

4

3

2

1

13


When I was studying, I felt that time passed quickly.

5

4

3

2

1

14


When I study, I just want to learn.

5

4

3

2

1

15


I couldn't let go of my studies.

5

4

3

2

1

16


I was immersed in learning.

5

4

3

2

1

17


I am very happy to be immersed in learning.

5

4

3

2

1


3. School climate questionnaire


Fill in the instructions: Please choose the one that you think is most suitable between 1 and 5 according to your actual situation, and put "√" on the option


serial number


In this school,


Exactly


More compliant


Basically compliant


Not quite quite so


Not at all true

1


The teachers at the school genuinely care about their classmates.

5

4

3

2

1

2


It's noisy in school.

5

4

3

2

1

3


Students get along with each other.

5

4

3

2

1

4


The school will add additional class hours to make up the class.

5

4

3

2

1

5


Students are encouraged to participate in activities that interest them.

5

4

3

2

1

6


Students feel pressured to study.

5

4

3

2

1

7


Poor discipline in school.

5

4

3

2

1

8


Classmates support and encourage each other.

5

4

3

2

1

9


The school attaches great importance to cultivating students' interests and hobbies.

5

4

3

2

1

10


Teachers at school are more considerate of students' self-esteem.

5

4

3

2

1

11


There is too much time in school.

5

4

3

2

1

12


The school classrooms are in good order.

5

4

3

2

1

13


The school attaches great importance to the development of students' expertise.

5

4

3

2

1

14


Students with poor grades can also be respected by their teachers.

5

4

3

2

1

15


If someone is in difficulty, other students will care about helping him/her.

5

4

3

2

1

16


The school attaches great importance to the multifaceted development of students.

5

4

3

2

1

17


Students have very little time for recreation.

5

4

3

2

1

18


The teachers at the school treat every student fairly.

5

4

3

2

1

19


Students at school are not able to control their bad habits.

5

4

3

2

1

20


Humility of the same classmates.

5

4

3

2

1

21


Students have a heavy learning load.

5

4

3

2

1

22


Students in the school are able to strictly follow the discipline of the examination room.

5

4

3

2

1

23


The school's classmates are versatile.

5

4

3

2

1

24


The teachers at school are easy to get close to.

5

4

3

2

1

25


Our school is neatly laid out.

5

4

3

2

1

26


School life is monotonous.

5

4

3

2

1

27


The teachers at the school trust the students.

5

4

3

2

1

28


There are too many exams and quizzes in schools.

5

4

3

2

1

29


Respect each other.

5

4

3

2

1

30


Students treat teachers as friends.

5

4

3

2

1

31


There is a lack of camaraderie among classmates.

5

4

3

2

1

32


We don't have a lot of homework.

5

4

3

2

1

33


The teachers at the school believe that every student can achieve good grades.

5

4

3

2

1

34


Students can tell the truth.

5

4

3

2

1

35


The teacher puts a lot of pressure on the students to study.

5

4

3

2

1

36


In group activities, teachers spend more time maintaining order.

5

4

3

2

1

37


School life is rich and varied.

5

4

3

2

1

38


Students at the school love their teachers.

5

4

3

2

1


4. Academic Self-Efficacy Scale


Fill in the instructions: Please choose the one that you think is most suitable between 1 and 5 according to your actual situation, and put "√" on the option


serial number


Please answer the following statements according to your state at the time of study.


Exactly


More compliant


Basically compliant


Not quite quite so


Not at all true

1


I believe in my ability to do well in my studies

5

4

3

2

1

2


I consider myself capable of solving problems encountered in my studies

5

4

3

2

1

3


Compared to the rest of my classmates, my learning ability is relatively strong

5

4

3

2

1

4


I think I was able to grasp what the teacher was teaching in a timely manner in class

5

4

3

2

1

5


I think I can apply what I've learned

5

4

3

2

1

6


Compared to the rest of my class, I have a broader understanding of my major

5

4

3

2

1

7


I love challenging tasks

5

4

3

2

1

8


I think I have a good understanding of what the book is about and what the teacher says

5

4

3

2

1

9


I often choose tasks that are difficult but can learn from them, even if they require more effort

5

4

3

2

1

10


Even if I didn't do well in a particular exam, I was able to calmly analyze the love I had made on the exam

5

4

3

2

1

11


No matter how good or bad my academic performance is, I never doubt my ability to learn

5

4

3

2

1

12


When I was studying, I always like to ask myself questions and answer questions to see if I have mastered what I have learned

5

4

3

2

1

13


When I think about a problem, I am able to relate what I have learned before and after

5

4

3

2

1

14


I often find myself reading a book without knowing what he's talking about

5

4

3

2

1

15


When I read a book, I feel like I can think about it in relation to what I am reading and what I know

5

4

3

2

1

16


I found myself so absent in class that I couldn't pay attention

5

4

3

2

1

17


I often can't get the gist of what I'm reading

5

4

3

2

1

18


I always draw the key parts in my book or notebook to help with learning

5

4

3

2

1

19


When I was studying for the exam, I was able to integrate what I had learned before and after

5

4

3

2

1

20


When I take notes in class, I always try to write down every word of my teacher, regardless of whether he has a sense of meaning or not

5

4

3

2

1

21


When I do my homework, I always try to remember what the teacher said in class so that I can do it well

5

4

3

2

1

22


Even if the teacher doesn't ask for it. I also consciously do the exercises after each chapter in the book to test my mastery of knowledge

5

4

3

2

1


5. Academic Mood Table


Fill in the instructions: Please choose the one you think best matches between 1 and 5 according to your actual situation, and put "√" on the option


serial number


Please answer the following statements according to your state at the time of study.


Exactly


More compliant


Basically compliant


Not quite quite so


Not at all true

1


During important exams, I often feel sick to my stomach

5

4

3

2

1

2


When I can't understand what I'm learning, I get distressed

5

4

3

2

1

3


Learning brings me a lot of joy

5

4

3

2

1

4


I find learning boring

5

4

3

2

1

5


I would be nervous before the exam

5

4

3

2

1

6


People often look down on me because of my poor grades

5

4

3

2

1

7


The teacher's lecture was too difficult for me to follow

5

4

3

2

1

8


I find it fun to learn

5

4

3

2

1

9


I don't feel like I'm worse than others

5

4

3

2

1

10


I felt overwhelmed by my studies

5

4

3

2

1

11


Sometimes studying can make me feel frustrated

5

4

3

2

1

12


I'm proud that I'm faster than other students

5

4

3

2

1

13


I would be annoyed that I couldn't solve a problem for a long time

5

4

3

2

1

14


I'm worried that my grades are worse than others

5

4

3

2

1

15


When I was studying, I often felt like I was stupid

5

4

3

2

1

16


Sometimes I feel that I am too poor at studying and I am sorry for my family and teachers

5

4

3

2

1

17


I often have a burnout feeling about learning

5

4

3

2

1

18


I was angry that people said I was worse than him

5

4

3

2

1

19


I want to sleep as soon as I study

5

4

3

2

1

20


I'm glad to take some of the courses that interest me

5

4

3

2

1

21


There were times when my grades dropped and I felt helpless very quickly

5

4

3

2

1

22


I am often praised and praised by others for my studies

5

4

3

2

1

23


My grades are relatively stable, so I feel comfortable and relaxed

5

4

3

2

1

24


I sometimes have a high mood for studying

5

4

3

2

1

25


When I was studying, I got distracted easily

5

4

3

2

1

26


I've always been able to learn better on my own

5

4

3

2

1

27


When I get good grades, I get excited

5

4

3

2

1

28


There are times when I feel bad about my grades

5

4

3

2

1

29


I often get dizzy when I study

5

4

3

2

1

30


Sometimes I suffer because my grades are worse than others

5

4

3

2

1

31


Studying is a burden for me

5

4

3

2

1

32


I'm confused as to why I can't study well

5

4

3

2

1

33


As soon as I studied, I was depressed

5

4

3

2

1

34


I can study with peace of mind

5

4

3

2

1

35


In my studies, I was often frustrated

5

4

3

2

1

36


Sometimes learning brings unexpected surprises to me

5

4

3

2

1

37


I'm worried that I won't be able to finish my homework

5

4

3

2

1

38


I hate studying

5

4

3

2

1

39


I'm glad I got all the questions right

5

4

3

2

1

40


I was worried about my academic performance

5

4

3

2

1

41


I was in a peaceful mood when I was studying

5

4

3

2

1

42


I get impetuous when I study

5

4

3

2

1

43


Proper relaxation will be more conducive to learning

5

4

3

2

1

44


When I do well in class, I am proud

5

4

3

2

1

45


I can take my results with peace of mind

5

4

3

2

1

46


In terms of learning, I am improving faster than others

5

4

3

2

1

47


I'd be happy to be able to solve a puzzle on my own

5

4

3

2

1

48


I feel embarrassed when I can't answer the teacher's questions correctly in class

5

4

3

2

1

49


I don't think it's useful to study

5

4

3

2

1

50


I was pessimistic and disappointed about my future

5

4

3

2

1

51


I was able to cope with my studies with ease

5

4

3

2

1

52


I am generally relaxed during class

5

4

3

2

1

53


I was able to face the exam with ease

5

4

3

2

1

54


When I am disturbed by others while studying, I will be very angry

5

4

3

2

1

55


Even though I studied hard, my grades were still poor

5

4

3

2

1

56


In my studies, I often feel that I am smart

5

4

3

2

1

57


The encouragement from my family and friends made me hopeful about my studies

5

4

3

2

1

58


When my grades are better than others, I am proud

5

4

3

2

1

59


I hope to be able to achieve my learning goals

5

4

3

2

1

60


Sometimes I try hard and don't get good grades

5

4

3

2

1

61


I am very satisfied with my academic performance

5

4

3

2

1

62


I lacked confidence in learning

5

4

3

2

1

63


I hate studying

5

4

3

2

1

64


Sometimes there is too much homework and I am not in the mood to study

5

4

3

2

1

65


I have no interest in learning

5

4

3

2

1

66


The drop in grades caused me to be anxious

5

4

3

2

1

67


I feel that learning is a painful thing

5

4

3

2

1

68


I was able to complete my study tasks with ease

5

4

3

2

1

69


I felt powerless to study

5

4

3

2

1

70


I was in a relaxed mood when I was doing my homework

5

4

3

2

1

71


Usually someone else has made a question, and I haven't done it yet

5

4

3

2

1

72


I am proud of the good results

5

4

3

2

1