Our mission is to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy 我们的使命是加速世界向可持续能源的转型
We believe the best way to do this is by offering an ecosystem of products that comprehensively addresses our world’s clean energy, transportation and manufacturing needs. 我们相信实现这一目标的最佳方式是通过提供一套全面解决全球清洁能源、交通和制造需求的生态系统产品。
Governance 治理
Mission 使命
Overview 概述
Materiality and TCFD Alignment 实质性议题与 TCFD 框架一致性
Privacy and Security 隐私与安全
Building the economy of the future 构建未来经济
We are dedicated to solving the problems that have a meaningful impact on reducing GHG emissions and improving safety across sectors. 我们致力于解决对减少温室气体排放和提升各行业安全具有重大影响的问题。
We are also focused on preparing the workforce for a sustainable future through our training, recruiting and employee retention programs. 同时，我们通过培训、招聘及员工留任计划，着力为可持续未来培养人才队伍。
Governance overview 治理概述
Management 管理
At Tesla, sustainability is everyone’s job. Our Sustainability and Impact Team, in collaboration with leaders and teams from across the company, manages the collection, preparation and analysis of data used to create the content within this report. 在特斯拉，可持续发展是每个人的职责。我们的可持续发展与影响团队与公司各部门的领导和团队合作，负责收集、整理和分析用于编制本报告内容的数据。
Material issues and themes related to sustainability are presented to Tesla’s Board of Directors (BoD) for review. 与可持续发展相关的重大议题和主题会提交特斯拉董事会(BoD)审议。
For more information on Tesla’s corporate governance, refer to our Investor Relations site. 欲了解更多关于特斯拉公司治理的信息，请访问我们的投资者关系网站。
Board of Directors overview 董事会概述
Our BoD serves as a prudent fiduciary for shareholders and oversees Tesla’s mission, purpose and strategy as well as the effectiveness of our impact priorities, initiatives and programs. With those responsibilities in mind, our BoD sets and upholds the highest standards for ethical behavior, corporate citizenship and corporate governance. 我们的董事会作为股东的审慎受托人，监督特斯拉的使命、宗旨和战略，以及我们影响优先事项、倡议和计划的有效性。基于这些职责，董事会制定并坚持最高标准的道德行为、企业公民意识和公司治理。
Our BoD oversees risks related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) impacts, at both the full-board and committee levels. Our Audit Committee oversees ESG risks as part of our overall enterprise risk management approach, including risks relating to climate, data privacy, cybersecurity, human rights and our supply chain, among others. 我们的董事会在全体董事会和委员会层面监督与环境、社会和治理（“ESG”）影响相关的风险。审计委员会将 ESG 风险作为整体企业风险管理方法的一部分进行监督，包括与气候、数据隐私、网络安全、人权及供应链等相关的风险。
Our Compensation Committee oversees human capital management, employee engagement and relations. It also ensures our compensation philosophy and programs align compensation with the performance of our company and the success of our mission to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy. 我们的薪酬委员会负责监督人力资本管理、员工参与度及劳动关系，同时确保我们的薪酬理念和方案能将薪酬与公司业绩及加速世界向可持续能源转型这一使命的成功相挂钩。
Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees our governance framework and practices, board composition, skills coverage and technical depth and diversity and engagement on ESG risks with shareholders. 我们的提名及公司治理委员会负责监督治理框架与实践、董事会构成、技能覆盖与技术深度，以及与股东就 ESG 风险进行的沟通和多样性事务。
Our BoD continuously evaluates its composition, seeking to ensure a balanced combination of skills, experience, background and viewpoint diversity to maintain the exceptional leadership necessary to fulfill our mission. We periodically add new, highly qualified independent directors to our BoD, including Joe Gebbia in 2022, JB Straubel in 2023 and Jack Hartung in 2025. 董事会持续评估其组成结构，力求保持技能、经验、背景和观点多样性的平衡组合，以维持实现使命所需的卓越领导力。我们定期增补高素质独立董事加入董事会，包括 2022 年的乔·格比亚、2023 年的 JB·斯特劳贝尔以及 2025 年的杰克·哈通。
Our Audit Committee also oversees our Impact Report and, as deemed appropriate, other ESG-related disclosures. 我们的审计委员会同时负责监督本影响力报告，并在认为适当时监督其他 ESG 相关披露事项。
Sustainability assessment 可持续发展评估
In 2023, we conducted a sustainability assessment to identify areas that are material to our business and salient to society and the environment. This assessment resulted in the identification of 20 focus areas listed in the chart on the next page. 2023 年，我们开展了可持续发展评估，以确定对企业运营及社会与环境具有实质性意义的领域。该评估最终确定了 20 个重点领域，列于下页图表中。
We started by surveying key global stakeholders, asking them to quantify the impact of certain topics on Tesla. Where appropriate, we followed up by conducting in-depth interviews with participants to contextualize quantitative scores. 我们首先调研了全球主要利益相关方，请他们量化特定议题对特斯拉的影响。在适当情况下，我们通过深入访谈进一步阐释量化评分的背景。
Throughout the process, we partnered with a third-party expert. In 2024, we continued to periodically evaluate the saliency of these risks and opportunities to inform our overall strategy and have since addressed various focus areas through the initiatives described in this report. 整个过程中，我们与第三方专家保持合作。2024 年，我们持续定期评估这些风险与机遇的重要性，为整体战略提供依据，并通过本报告所述举措针对多个重点领域开展了相应工作。
For more information on how Tesla is addressing the focus areas listed in the chart on the next page, refer to our United Nations SDG Alignment on pages 190-191 in the appendix. 欲了解更多关于特斯拉如何应对下页图表所列重点领域的信息，请参阅附录第 190-191 页的《联合国可持续发展目标对标报告》。
Note: The following focus areas are ranked relative to each other and not relative to overall importance. We recognize this as a snapshot in time. As we continue to grow and the world changes, the degree of impact could naturally shift. 注：以下重点领域的排序为相对优先级，而非绝对重要性评估。我们视其为阶段性快照。随着企业持续发展和世界形势变化，各领域的影响力程度可能发生自然调整。
Climate Change & Risk Management 气候变化与风险管理
Air Quality & Reducing Toxic Emissions 空气质量与有毒排放物治理
Responsible AI
External Stakeholder Engagement
Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedies
Business Ethics & Anti-Corruption| Responsible AI |
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| External Stakeholder Engagement |
| Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedies |
| Business Ethics & Anti-Corruption |
Government Relations Policy 政府关系政策
Climate Change & Risk Management
Air Quality & Reducing Toxic Emissions Responsible Sourcing
Water Use & Management
Child Labor & Forced Labor
Occupational Health & Safety
Equal Opportunities
Waste Management & Recycling Circularity
Responsible Data & Cybersecurity Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency
Inclusive Energy Transition
Biodiversity Product Quality & Safety
"Responsible AI
External Stakeholder Engagement
Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedies
Business Ethics & Anti-Corruption" Government Relations Policy
| Climate Change & Risk Management | | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Air Quality & Reducing Toxic Emissions | Responsible Sourcing | |
| Water Use & Management | | |
| | Child Labor & Forced Labor | |
| | Occupational Health & Safety | |
| | Equal Opportunities | |
| | Waste Management & Recycling Circularity | |
| | Responsible Data & Cybersecurity | Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency |
| Inclusive Energy Transition | | |
| Biodiversity | Product Quality & Safety | |
| Responsible AI <br> External Stakeholder Engagement <br> Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedies <br> Business Ethics & Anti-Corruption | Government Relations Policy | |
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TCFD alignment TCFD 一致性
We have been working to align this report with the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) since 2022. 自 2022 年起，我们一直致力于使本报告与气候相关财务信息披露工作组(TCFD)的建议保持一致。
While the focus of this report is to communicate the substantial positive impact Tesla is having on the world through our products, we understand the importance of discussing both the opportunities and risks presented by a changing climate. 虽然本报告的重点是通过我们的产品展示特斯拉对世界产生的重大积极影响，但我们理解讨论气候变化带来的机遇与风险的重要性。
Our dedicated governance strategy allows Tesla to assess, manage and act on its own climate-related risks. This strategy is based on recommendations from the TCFD. 我们专注的治理策略使特斯拉能够评估、管理并应对自身的气候相关风险。该策略基于 TCFD 的建议。
Managing climate risk 气候风险管理
Our Sustainability and Impact Team works with executives from across Tesla to make decisions affecting the business with consideration for our climate change strategy. The Vice President of Environmental, Health, Safety and Security (EHS&S) leads these interactions and is responsible for our decarbonization strategy, its implementation and its TCFD alignment. 我们的可持续发展与影响力团队与特斯拉各业务线高管合作，在考虑气候变化战略的前提下做出影响业务的决策。环境、健康、安全与安保（EHS&S）副总裁领导这些跨部门协作，并负责我们的脱碳战略制定、实施及与 TCFD 框架的对接工作。
Our Sustainability and Impact Team reports directly to the VP of EHS&S, and the Responsible Sourcing Teams report to the VPs of Supply Chain. These teams meet regularly with stakeholders from our Engineering and Design, Finance, Investor Relations, Legal, Policy and Supply Chain Teams, among others, to present megatrends and climate change updates. Executives report events directly to our BoD. 可持续发展与影响力团队直接向 EHS&S 副总裁汇报，负责任采购团队则向供应链副总裁汇报。这些团队定期与工程设计、财务、投资者关系、法务、政策及供应链等部门的利益相关方会晤，分享宏观趋势和气候变化动态。重大事项将由高管层直接向董事会汇报。
Tesla completes an annual Enterprise Risk Assessment (ERA) that integrates ESG-related risks by conducting interviews and surveys with members of management across the organization, including key stakeholders in sustainability. Through this exercise, climate-related risks are flagged to the relevant leadership team for management. 特斯拉每年通过开展企业全面风险评估（ERA），整合 ESG 相关风险，方法包括对全公司管理层成员（含可持续发展领域的关键利益相关方）进行访谈和调查。通过这一流程，气候相关风险会被标记并提交给相应的领导团队进行管理。
Beginning with our Gigafactories in Berlin-Brandenburg and Texas in 2021, we initiated site-specific reviews to identify physical climate-related risks that were then addressed during the design process of those factories. In 2022, this was followed by a systematic assessment of our entire manufacturing portfolio and any new locations. 自 2021 年起，我们从柏林-勃兰登堡和德克萨斯州的超级工厂开始，启动针对具体厂址的审查工作，识别与气候相关的实体风险，并在这些工厂的设计过程中予以解决。2022 年，我们进一步对整个制造基地及所有新选址进行了系统性评估。
Today, we continue to ensure that our current and future sites are prepared for the potential physical impacts of climate change by integrating assessments into considerations for site design and future expansion plans. 如今，我们持续通过将气候风险评估纳入选址设计和未来扩建规划的考量，确保现有及未来的生产基地都能应对气候变化可能带来的实体影响。
Using the results from these analyses, Tesla is actively working to harden our current and planned manufacturing portfolio against medium- and long-term climate impacts. Over time, we will begin to evaluate other assets such as our Sales, Service and Delivery network as well as our charging infrastructure, supply chain and other relevant assets. 基于这些分析结果，特斯拉正积极强化现有及规划中的制造体系，以应对中长期气候影响。未来我们将逐步评估销售、服务和交付网络，以及充电基础设施、供应链等相关资产。
As regulations around GHG emissions management evolve, we may need to make further capital investments that are different from or accelerated relative to existing plans, which may impact profitability. Policy changes may also impact certain practices or infrastructure, potentially reducing installed capacity because the technology used-such as with die casting or in our paint shop-cannot yet be fully decarbonized. 随着温室气体排放管理法规的演变，我们可能需要追加与现有计划不同或更快的资本投入，这可能影响盈利能力。政策变化也可能影响特定工艺或基础设施，由于所用技术（如压铸或涂装车间）尚无法完全脱碳，可能导致装机容量下降。
Physical climate risk assessment 实体气候风险评估
Tesla performs physical climate risk assessments for our manufacturing and support locations, including for any new manufacturing sites. 特斯拉对所有制造及支持基地（包括新建工厂）开展实体气候风险评估。
We assess these sites using the following scenarios, which incorporate the science from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report: business as usual, emissions peaking in 2040 and 1.5^(@)C1.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}-aligned-a combined approach using the latest Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). 我们采用以下情景评估这些站点，这些情景结合了政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)最新报告中的科学依据：一切照旧情景、2040 年达峰排放情景以及 1.5^(@)C1.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 对齐情景——后者采用了最新的共享社会经济路径(SSPs)和典型浓度路径(RCPs)组合方法。
This includes the combined physical risks related to flooding, wind, heat stress, wildfires, precipitation and drought. We assess these hazards against the three scenarios across short- (2025), medium- (2030) and long-term (2050) time horizons. 这包括与洪水、大风、热应激、野火、降水和干旱相关的综合物理风险。我们针对这三种情景，分别评估了短期(2025 年)、中期(2030 年)和长期(2050 年)时间范围内的危害程度。
Given the low likelihood of reaching a 1.5^(@)C1.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}-aligned scenario, we report results on business as usual and emissions peaking in 2040. 考虑到实现 1.5^(@)C1.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 对齐情景的可能性较低，我们主要报告一切照旧情景和 2040 年达峰排放情景下的结果。
In the short term, drought poses the biggest risk to our manufacturing portfolio, and in the long term, heat stress will become the more severe climate hazard. 短期内，干旱对我们的制造资产组合构成最大风险；而从长期来看，热应激将成为更严重的气候危害。
Human rights are core to our mission 人权是我们使命的核心
The ethical treatment of all people and regard for human rights is core to our mission of accelerating toward a sustainable future. Our Global Human Rights Policy formalizes our commitment to uphold, respect and embed human rights and the values they represent throughout our business. 道德对待所有人并尊重人权，是我们加速迈向可持续未来这一使命的核心。我们的《全球人权政策》正式确立了我们的承诺：在整个业务中维护、尊重并融入人权及其所代表的价值观。
We endorse and base our definition of human rights on the United Nation’s Universal Declaration for Human Rights (UDHR). The UDHR focuses on dignity, respect and equality, without discrimination, for all people. We also utilize the United Nation’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 我们认可并以联合国《世界人权宣言》(UDHR)作为人权定义的基础。该宣言聚焦于所有人的尊严、尊重与平等，反对任何形式的歧视。我们还遵循联合国《商业与人权指导原则》(UNGPs)以及经济合作与发展组织(OECD)
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. 《跨国企业准则》。
Tesla is committed to respecting the United Nation’s Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and we require that our suppliers similarly respect the UNDRIP. 特斯拉致力于尊重联合国《土著人民权利宣言》(UNDRIP)，并要求我们的供应商同样遵守该宣言。
We are committed to upholding and respecting all internationally recognized human rights throughout our direct operations and supply chain-including with respect to our employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers and the communities in which we live and operate. Tesla’s Global Human Rights Policy outlines the company’s salient human rights issues. 我们承诺在直接运营和供应链全过程中维护并尊重所有国际公认的人权——包括涉及员工、客户、股东、供应商以及我们生活和运营所在社区的权利。特斯拉《全球人权政策》明确了公司重点关注的人权议题。
We seek to avoid causing or contributing to actual or potentially adverse human rights impacts, and we expect our suppliers to support and promote these values in their own operations and those of their suppliers. 我们力求避免造成或助长实际或潜在的人权负面影响，并期望供应商在其自身运营及下级供应商网络中支持和践行这些价值观。
Assessing and addressing human rights risks is an ongoing effort that involves engaging with and incorporating input from external stakeholders, including those impacted by our operations and our supply chain, as well as reviewing and updating our policies and procedures where necessary. 评估和应对人权风险是一项持续工作，需要与外部利益相关方（包括受我们运营和供应链影响的群体）保持沟通并吸纳意见，同时根据需要审查和更新我们的政策与流程。
We seek to remedy adverse impacts, track and measure our progress and report our findings in our disclosures where appropriate. 我们力求纠正负面影响，跟踪和衡量进展，并在适当情况下通过信息披露报告相关发现。
Our work to respect human rights throughout our operations as well as our supply chain are overseen by cross-functional teams and executive representatives. 我们由跨职能团队和高管代表监督在运营及供应链中尊重人权的工作。
Cybersecurity and data privacy 网络安全与数据隐私
We optimize our products for privacy and security 我们的产品设计以隐私和安全为优化重点
Our privacy-first policies ensure personal data is in customers’ control, letting them decide what information they want to share-and when. We believe that responsible data management and transparency is a prerequisite for continuous innovation. Read more about our company-wide approach in our Privacy Overview. 我们以隐私为先的政策确保客户掌握个人数据的控制权，让他们自主决定何时分享哪些信息。我们相信，负责任的数据管理和透明度是持续创新的先决条件。更多关于我们公司整体策略的内容，请参阅《隐私概览》。
Data privacy is a shared responsibility that every employee and board member is expected to uphold. Tesla has a large and diverse team of privacy and security professionals across our legal, engineering and product organizations who are dedicated to protecting customer data. Additionally, the Audit Committee of the Tesla BoD is regularly briefed on incidents, emerging trends, controls and corrective actions taken by Tesla to ensure we are living up to our obligations and privacy principles. 数据隐私是每位员工和董事会成员都应共同承担的责任。特斯拉在法律、工程和产品部门拥有一支庞大且多元化的隐私与安全专业团队，致力于保护客户数据。此外，特斯拉董事会审计委员会会定期听取有关事件、新兴趋势、控制措施及特斯拉采取的纠正行动的简报，以确保我们履行义务并恪守隐私原则。
Our privacy principles 我们的隐私原则
01
We build privacy into our products from start to finish 我们将隐私保护贯穿产品开发始终
We ensure privacy across all our products and services, from inception to roll out and beyond. 我们确保从产品设计到发布及后续阶段，所有产品与服务均贯彻隐私保护原则。
We maintain our customers’ trust through transparency 我们通过保持透明度来维护客户的信任
We are transparent and clear about the personal data we collect and how we use or share it. 对于收集的个人数据及其使用或共享方式，我们始终保持透明清晰的说明
02
We always give customers choices about their data 我们始终赋予客户对其数据的选择权
We put individuals in control by giving them clear and transparent ways to access, review, manage and delete their data. 我们通过提供清晰透明的方式，让个人能够自主访问、查看、管理及删除其数据。
04
We safeguard all of our customers’ personal data 我们严格保护所有客户的个人数据
We have rigorous controls and standards that protect the security, confidentiality and integrity of Tesla’s data environment 我们建立了严密的控制措施和标准，以保障特斯拉数据环境的安全性、保密性和完整性
Privacy from day one 从第一天起就重视隐私保护
Tesla’s privacy principles and commitments are illustrated throughout all our products. For Tesla vehicles, customers’ personal data is protected from the moment they take delivery, ensuring that, by default, the vehicle data generated when driving is not associated with their account or vehicle identification number. We put customers in control when it comes to data sharing by providing a dedicated in-vehicle menu to adjust preferences at any time. 特斯拉的隐私原则与承诺贯穿于我们所有产品之中。对于特斯拉车辆，从客户提车那一刻起，其个人数据就受到保护——系统默认设置确保驾驶时产生的车辆数据不会关联到用户账户或车辆识别码。我们通过车载专属菜单让客户随时调整数据共享偏好，将数据控制权交予用户手中。
Additionally, energy products are designed to protect customer privacy. We aim to collect as little personal data as necessary to provide an engaging in-app energy experience. To maximize transparency, Tesla has developed an easy way for customers to download and 同样，能源产品在设计时也注重保护客户隐私。我们仅收集提供优质应用内能源体验所必需的最少量个人数据。为最大限度保障透明度，特斯拉开发了便捷功能，让客户能随时通过特斯拉应用直接下载并 access their vehicle and energy data at any time directly in the Tesla app. 查看其车辆及能源数据。
Embedding security and privacy 将安全与隐私保护深植
To uphold rigorous standards regarding the security, confidentiality and integrity of customer and employee data, Tesla maintains a global privacy program as well as an information security program (based on the industryrecognized ISO 27001 framework), which includes written policies, processes and standards designed to protect and secure Tesla’s data environment. 为严格保障客户和员工数据的安全性、保密性和完整性，特斯拉建立了全球隐私保护计划以及基于行业公认 ISO 27001 框架的信息安全计划，该计划包含旨在保护特斯拉数据环境的书面政策、流程和标准。
Tesla maintains a current ISO/IEC 27001 certification that sets user security standards, for which we undergo yearly audits. We evaluate the health and effectiveness of our information security and privacy program through ongoing assessments, monitoring and testing. 特斯拉持有现行 ISO/IEC 27001 认证，该认证设定了用户安全标准，我们每年都会接受相关审计。通过持续评估、监控和测试，我们不断检验信息安全与隐私保护计划的有效性。
Global privacy program 全球隐私保护计划
Guides product development and business practices across Tesla to ensure regulatory compliance by maintaining effective and standardized controls across vehicle and energy products as well as insurance and financial services. 该计划指导特斯拉全系产品开发和商业实践，通过对车辆、能源产品以及保险金融服务实施有效标准化管控，确保符合监管要求。
Product security 产品安全
Manages product vulnerabilities, including conducting design and code reviews, building defense into depth protections, testing, maintaining security policies, monitoring, partnering with external security researchers and financially rewarding people outside the company who find and report vulnerabilities. 管理产品漏洞，包括进行设计和代码审查、构建纵深防御保护措施、测试、维护安全策略、监控、与外部安全研究人员合作，并对发现并报告漏洞的外部人员给予经济奖励。
Infrastructure security 基础设施安全
Prevents, detects and responds to IT outages, security incidents or acts of nature to provide availability of underlying critical services and continuity of operations. 预防、检测并应对 IT 中断、安全事件或自然灾害，确保关键基础服务的可用性和业务运营的持续性。
Third-party risk management 第三方风险管理
Identifies, mitigates and monitors risks from third parties such as vendors, suppliers and other business partners, including those in our supply chain who may require certain Tesla data to conduct operations. 识别、缓解并监控来自供应商、合作伙伴等第三方（包括供应链中需要特定特斯拉数据开展业务的合作方）的风险。
Responsible AI 负责任的人工智能
Tesla is committed to the responsible development of artificial intelligence (AI) with respect for human rights. In line with our commitment to product safety, our use of Al will focus on ensuring and improving safety for our employees, our customers and the communities where our products operate. Tesla is not developing digital super-intelligence. 特斯拉致力于负责任地开发人工智能（AI），并尊重人权。秉承我们对产品安全的承诺，我们将重点利用 AI 来确保并提升员工、客户以及产品运行所在社区的安全性。特斯拉不会开发数字超级智能。
In the long term, Tesla recognizes the risk of centralized control of a vast fleet of autonomous vehicles and humanoid robots. If ill-intentioned state or non-state actors gain power over such a fleet, this will not accrue to the good of humanity. 长期来看，特斯拉认识到集中控制大规模自动驾驶车队和人形机器人可能带来的风险。若心怀恶意的国家或非国家行为者掌控此类车队，将不利于人类福祉。
Therefore, to serve the best interests of civilization, Tesla believes in a balance between local override capability and centralized control. 因此，为服务文明的最佳利益，特斯拉主张在本地覆盖能力与集中控制之间取得平衡。
Tesla’s responsible development philosophy extends to hardware design, including limiting walking speed and strength, removing pinch-points of joints and minimizing the weight of our humanoid robots, among others. 特斯拉的责任开发理念延伸至硬件设计领域，包括限制行走速度与力量、消除关节夹点以及减轻人形机器人重量等措施。
Environment 环境
02
The positive impact Tesla has on the world will be realized through the sustainable production and delivery of as many of our products as possible. 特斯拉对世界的积极影响将通过尽可能多地可持续生产和交付我们的产品来实现。
In 2024, our customers avoided releasing nearly 32 million metric tons of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} into the atmosphere 2024 年，我们的客户避免了向大气中排放近 3200 万公吨的 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e}
The combined global fleet of Tesla vehicles and solar panels paired with energy storage enabled our customers to avoid emitting nearly 32 million metric tons of CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} e in 2024. That’s the same as driving an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle about 78 billion miles. 2024 年，特斯拉全球车辆、太阳能板与储能系统的组合使我们的客户避免了近 3200 万公吨 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 的排放。这相当于驾驶内燃机(ICE)车辆行驶约 780 亿英里。
Environment 环境
Displacing Fossil Fuels 替代化石燃料
Carbon Impact of Our Products 我们产品的碳影响
Carbon Impact of Our Operations 我们运营的碳影响
Our Robotaxi network will further accelerate our mission 我们的 Robotaxi 网络将进一步加速实现我们的使命
With our incoming fleet of autonomous vehicles, we are well positioned to take sustainable transportation to the next level. With full autonomy and optimized ride efficiency, our Cybercab robotaxi will significantly reduce GHG emissions per mile-helping us avoid nearly twice as many emissions per mile compared to our Model 3 and Model Y vehicles. 随着即将到来的自动驾驶车队，我们完全有能力将可持续交通提升至新高度。凭借完全自动驾驶和优化的乘车效率，我们的 Cybercab 无人出租车将显著降低每英里温室气体排放量——与 Model 3 和 Model Y 车型相比，每英里可减少近两倍的排放量。
By maximizing vehicle utilization and rideshare capabilities, our Robotaxi network will not only lower emissions, but it will also increase the accessibility of sustainable transportation. This marks a major step toward improving the sustainability of our cities and accelerating our mission. With each mile driven autonomously, we’re shaping a cleaner, smarter and more sustainable future for all. 通过最大化车辆利用率和拼车功能，我们的 Robotaxi 网络不仅能降低排放，还将提高可持续交通的可及性。这标志着我们在改善城市可持续性和加速实现使命方面迈出了重要一步。每行驶一英里的自动驾驶里程，我们都在为所有人塑造一个更清洁、更智能、更可持续的未来。
Emissions per Mile 每英里排放量
(U.S. gCO2e/mi) (美国 gCO2e/英里)
The more products we deliver, the faster we accelerate our mission 我们交付的产品越多，就越能加速实现我们的使命
Electric Vehicles Produced 生产的电动汽车 2019202020212022-2023-20242019202020212022-2023-2024
In 2024, we delivered around 1.8 million vehicles and deployed 31.4 GWh of energy storage globally 2024 年，我们在全球交付了约 180 万辆汽车，并部署了 31.4 千兆瓦时的储能系统
Our energy storage business continues to grow rapidly and achieved a record 31.4 GWh of deployed energy storage in 2024. We remained the world’s largest EV producer in 2024. 我们的能源存储业务持续快速增长，2024 年部署的储能容量达到创纪录的 31.4 吉瓦时。2024 年我们仍保持全球最大电动汽车生产商的地位。
Although we are focused on our own deliveries, electric vehicle (EV) sales by all automakers need to increase. We hope that every vehicle manufacturer will strive to produce hundreds of thousands of EVs per year, as significant reductions in emissions will only be achieved with an industry-wide shift. 尽管我们专注于自身交付量，但所有汽车制造商的电动汽车销量都需要提升。我们希望每家车企都能努力实现年产数十万辆电动汽车的目标，因为只有全行业转型才能实现显著的减排效果。
To support our mission, we are making it as easy as possible for drivers to own and charge their EVs. We shared our charging connector design with the world in 2022 and started opening our Supercharging network in North America to more EVs in 2024. 为支持这一使命，我们正全力简化电动汽车的拥有和充电流程。2022 年我们向全球公开了充电接口设计，2024 年又向更多北美地区的电动汽车开放了超级充电网络。
We are also sharing charge port technology with other OEMs to assist in the transition of their vehicle designs to make them compatible with the North American Charging Standard (NACS). This follows the opening of our network in other regions, including Europe and China. 我们同时与其他汽车制造商共享充电端口技术，协助其车辆设计转型以兼容北美充电标准（NACS）。此前我们已在欧洲和中国等其他地区开放了充电网络。
Premature deaths from air pollution are avoidable 因空气污染导致的过早死亡是可以避免的
Air pollution from burning fossil fuels leads to eight million premature deaths globally each yearaccounting for one-in-five premature deaths worldwide. 每年全球因燃烧化石燃料造成的空气污染导致 800 万人过早死亡，占全球过早死亡人数的五分之一。
Our products are not just about the future of our planet, but also about addressing preventable deaths today. This is a major advantage of zero direct-emission products that is often overlooked. 我们的产品不仅关乎地球的未来，更致力于解决当下可预防的死亡问题。零直接排放产品的这一重大优势常被忽视。
Each Tesla vehicle on the road avoids around 35 tons of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 每辆特斯拉汽车上路即可减少约 35 吨的 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e}
While EVs today produce more GHG emissions during the manufacturing phase (including emissions from the supply chain), in less than four years of driving, a Tesla vehicle’s lifetime emissions are lower than those of a comparable ICE vehicle. 当今电动汽车在制造阶段（包括供应链排放）产生的温室气体排放量较高，但特斯拉车辆行驶不到四年，其全生命周期排放量便低于同类燃油车。
Tesla is actively addressing this manufacturing-phase impact. Through innovations in material efficiency, operational and supply chain decarbonization and end-oflife recycling, we are continuously reducing emissions at every stage of production. As these improvements scale, the emissions gap during manufacturing will shrink. 特斯拉正积极应对制造阶段的影响。通过材料效率创新、运营与供应链脱碳以及报废回收等措施，我们持续降低生产各环节的排放。随着这些改进措施的规模化应用，制造阶段的排放差距将逐步缩小。
After 17 years of driving (which is the average life of a vehicle in the U.S.), a single Tesla vehicle will avoid about 35 tons of CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} e globally. In the U.S. in particular, a Tesla vehicle avoids an average of 52 metric tons of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e}. These numbers are conservative for two reasons: they assume no improvement in grid emissions over time and assume an ICE vehicle maintains its fuel efficiency throughout its lifetime. 以美国车辆平均 17 年使用寿命计算，每辆特斯拉汽车将累计减少约 35 吨全球 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 排放。在美国本土，每辆特斯拉平均可减少 52 公吨 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 排放。这些保守估算基于两个前提：假设电网排放强度始终不变，且燃油车终身保持出厂燃油效率。
We use real-world data to measure our emissions 我们采用实际运营数据来测算排放量
Unlike the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), we used real-world energy consumption data from Model 3 and Model Y to analyze EV energy consumption. For ICE fuel consumption, we used data provided by Consumer Reports, which states that model year 2024 mid-size premium vehicles achieve 24.4 MPG on average. This translates to approximately 407 grams of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} per mile once we account for emissions generated through the extraction, refining and shipment of oil. 与采用新欧洲驾驶循环(NEDC)、全球统一轻型车测试程序(WLTP)和环境保护署(EPA)标准不同，我们基于 Model 3 和 Model Y 的实际能耗数据来分析电动汽车的能源消耗。对于内燃机燃油消耗，我们采用了《消费者报告》提供的数据，该数据显示 2024 款中型豪华车平均油耗为 24.4 英里/加仑。在计入石油开采、精炼和运输过程中产生的排放后，相当于每英里排放约 407 克 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 。
Megapack paired with renewables lowers grid emissions Megapack 与可再生能源结合降低电网排放
In addition to providing grid stability and reliability, Megapack allows low-cost, low-emission energy from renewable sources to be used during peak consumption hours, replacing expensive, high-emission energy from fossil fuel generators. 除了保障电网稳定性和可靠性外，Megapack 还能在用电高峰时段使用来自可再生能源的低成本、低排放能源，替代化石燃料发电机产生的高成本、高排放能源。
For this case study, we evaluated the median expected CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} emissions avoided in the U.S. in addition to CAISO (California Independent System Operator) where a notable portion of our global fleet operates. We assume a project size of 150 MW (which is typical for utilityscale deployments) and that Megapack units are used primarily for energy-shifting. 在本案例研究中，我们评估了美国及 CAISO（加州独立系统运营商）地区预期可避免的 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 排放中位数，该区域运行着我们全球车队的重要部分。我们假设项目规模为 150 兆瓦（这是公用事业级部署的典型规模），并主要使用 Megapack 储能系统进行能量转移。
Ultimately, the amount of CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} e emissions avoided by Megapack will depend on the mix of fossil fuels and renewables on the grid. When taking different grid mixes into account across the U.S., we expect median CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} emissions avoided to be about 80,000 tons, while in CAISO (which has more renewables) we expect 116,000 tons of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} emissions to be avoided during the lifetime of a 150 MW deployment. 最终，Megapack 可避免的 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 排放量将取决于电网中化石燃料与可再生能源的混合比例。综合考虑美国各地不同的电网能源结构，我们预计可避免的 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 排放中位数约为 8 万吨，而在可再生能源占比更高的 CAISO 地区，一个 150 兆瓦项目在其生命周期内预计可避免 11.6 万吨 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 排放。
Calculations are for a typical Megapack 2 XL four-hour deployment size of 150 MW with a lifetime of 20 years. 计算基于典型 Megapack 2 XL 四小时部署规模 150 兆瓦，使用寿命 20 年。
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) 2024 Cambium grid study informed the battery hourly operation and hourly long-marginal emissions factors used to capture system impacts over multiple years. 美国国家可再生能源实验室(NREL)2024 年 Cambium 电网研究为电池每小时运行及长期边际排放因子提供依据，用于测算多年系统影响。
Supply chain and manufacturing-phase emissions and system auxiliary load emissions are accounted for to derive net avoided emissions. 供应链与制造阶段排放及系统辅助负载排放均已纳入计算，以得出净减排量。
Vehicle lifecycle analysis glossary 车辆生命周期分析术语表
By examining every stage of a product’s lifecycle, from raw material extraction to its end of life, a lifecycle assessment (LCA) helps identify key areas of environmental impact in order to implement targeted improvements and optimize resource use efficiencies. The per-mile lifecycle emissions of our vehicles include emissions from the upstream supply chain, electricity consumption and direct emissions from manufacturingand use-phase emissions when charged from a grid with a generation mix that reflects the geographic distribution of Model 3 and Model Y deliveries in the U.S., Europe and China. 通过考察产品从原材料提取到报废的每个生命周期阶段，生命周期评估(LCA)有助于识别环境影响的关键领域，从而实施有针对性的改进并优化资源利用效率。我们车辆的每英里生命周期排放包括上游供应链排放、电力消耗和制造过程中的直接排放，以及在美国、欧洲和中国 Model 3 与 Model Y 交付地区电网发电结构下的使用阶段排放。
This year, we are presenting the revised long-range allwheel drive versions of Model 3 and Model Y, integrating analyses from production across all factories. We have significantly improved GHG emissions data accuracy in our analyses. As we strive to gather more real and granular data, we will continue to update other product LCAs for future reports. 今年，我们展示了经过修订的 Model 3 和 Model Y 长续航全轮驱动版本的分析报告，整合了所有工厂的生产数据。我们显著提高了温室气体排放数据的分析精度。随着我们努力收集更真实、更细化的数据，我们将在未来报告中持续更新其他产品的生命周期评估。
For our LCA methodology we follow the guidance of the ISO 14040 and 14044 frameworks. 我们的生命周期评估方法遵循 ISO 14040 和 14044 标准框架的指导原则。
Vehicle lifecycle analysis glossary 车辆生命周期分析术语表
Model 3/Model Y*
Scenarios 使用场景
Personal Use Solar Charged 太阳能家用充电
Emissions per mile if Model 3/Model Y principally charged at home using a solar system and energy storage 若 Model 3/Model Y 主要使用家用太阳能系统及储能设备充电时的每英里排放量
Personal Use Grid Charged 个人使用电网充电
Emissions per mile if Model 3/Model Y principally charged at home from the grid Model 3/Model Y 主要使用家庭电网充电时的每英里排放量
Average Premium ICE Vehicle 普通高端燃油车
Based on an average of mid-size premium sedans and mid-size premium crossover SUVs, with a real-world fuel economy of 24.9 MPG 基于中型高端轿车和中型高端跨界 SUV 的平均值，实际燃油经济性为 24.9 英里/加仑
Model 3/Model Y* Scenarios
Personal Use Solar Charged Emissions per mile if Model 3/Model Y principally charged at home using a solar system and energy storage
Personal Use Grid Charged Emissions per mile if Model 3/Model Y principally charged at home from the grid
Average Premium ICE Vehicle Based on an average of mid-size premium sedans and mid-size premium crossover SUVs, with a real-world fuel economy of 24.9 MPG| Model 3/Model Y* | Scenarios |
| :--- | :--- |
| Personal Use Solar Charged | Emissions per mile if Model 3/Model Y principally charged at home using a solar system and energy storage |
| Personal Use Grid Charged | Emissions per mile if Model 3/Model Y principally charged at home from the grid |
| Average Premium ICE Vehicle | Based on an average of mid-size premium sedans and mid-size premium crossover SUVs, with a real-world fuel economy of 24.9 MPG |
Lifecycle Emissions 生命周期排放
Assumptions 假设条件
Global Analysis 全球分析
Lifecycle emissions using solar panels and Powerwall exclusively to charge Model 3/Model Y adds emissions to the manufacturing phase and reduces use-phase emissions to as low as zero. 使用太阳能板和 Powerwall 专门为 Model 3/Model Y 充电的生命周期排放会增加制造阶段的排放量，同时将使用阶段的排放降至最低甚至为零。
No additional renewable energy capacity on the grid during the life of the vehicle-the shape of the renewable energy adoption curve is still up for debate. 车辆使用寿命期间电网未新增可再生能源容量——可再生能源采用曲线的具体形态仍有争议。
Model 3/Model Y 在三地区制造阶段排放情况如下： - 美国：弗里蒙特和德州工厂生产车辆 - 欧洲：柏林和上海工厂生产车辆 - 中国：上海工厂生产车辆
Manufacturing-phase emissions for Model 3/Model Y in the three regions are represented as follows:
- U.S.: Vehicles produced in Fremont and Texas
- Europe: Vehicles produced in Berlin and Shanghai
- China: Vehicles produced in Shanghai
Manufacturing-phase emissions for Model 3/Model Y in the three regions are represented as follows:
- U.S.: Vehicles produced in Fremont and Texas
- Europe: Vehicles produced in Berlin and Shanghai
- China: Vehicles produced in Shanghai| Manufacturing-phase emissions for Model 3/Model Y in the three regions are represented as follows: |
| :--- |
| - U.S.: Vehicles produced in Fremont and Texas |
| - Europe: Vehicles produced in Berlin and Shanghai |
| - China: Vehicles produced in Shanghai |
Lifecycle Emissions Assumptions
Global Analysis Lifecycle emissions using solar panels and Powerwall exclusively to charge Model 3/Model Y adds emissions to the manufacturing phase and reduces use-phase emissions to as low as zero.
No additional renewable energy capacity on the grid during the life of the vehicle-the shape of the renewable energy adoption curve is still up for debate.
"Manufacturing-phase emissions for Model 3/Model Y in the three regions are represented as follows:
- U.S.: Vehicles produced in Fremont and Texas
- Europe: Vehicles produced in Berlin and Shanghai
- China: Vehicles produced in Shanghai"| Lifecycle Emissions | Assumptions |
| :--- | :--- |
| Global Analysis | Lifecycle emissions using solar panels and Powerwall exclusively to charge Model 3/Model Y adds emissions to the manufacturing phase and reduces use-phase emissions to as low as zero. |
| | No additional renewable energy capacity on the grid during the life of the vehicle-the shape of the renewable energy adoption curve is still up for debate. |
| | Manufacturing-phase emissions for Model 3/Model Y in the three regions are represented as follows: <br> - U.S.: Vehicles produced in Fremont and Texas <br> - Europe: Vehicles produced in Berlin and Shanghai <br> - China: Vehicles produced in Shanghai |
Average Lifecycle Emissions 全生命周期平均排放量
(gCO2e/mi*) (克二氧化碳当量/英里*)
United States 美国
Model 3/Model Y
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
70
134
459
Personal Use 个人用途
Solar Charged 太阳能充电
Personal Use 个人使用
Grid Charged 电网充电
Average Premium 平均溢价
ICE Vehicle 传统燃油车
New York 纽约
Shift to a Cleaner Grid 转向更清洁的电网
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
70
120
459
Personal Use 个人使用
Solar Charged 太阳能充电
Personal Use 个人使用
Grid Charged 电网充电
Average Premium 平均保险费
ICE Vehicle 传统燃油车
Average Lifecycle Emissions 平均生命周期排放量
(gCO2e/mi*) (克二氧化碳当量/英里*)
Europe 欧洲
Model 3/Model Y
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
111 144 475
Personal Use 个人使用
Solar Charged 太阳能充电
Personal Use 个人使用
Grid Charged 电网充电
Average Premium 平均溢价
ICE Vehicle 传统燃油车
Shift to a Cleaner Grid 转向更清洁的电网
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
Personal Use 个人用途
Solar Charged 太阳能充电
Personal Use Grid Charged 个人用电网充电
Average Lifecycle Emissions 平均生命周期排放量
(gCO2e/mi*) (克二氧化碳当量/英里*)
China 中国
Model 3/Model Y
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
123
272
484
Personal Use 个人使用
Solar Charged 太阳能充电
Personal Use 个人使用
Grid Charged 电网充电
Average Premium 平均溢价
ICE Vehicle 燃油车
Sichuan Province 四川省
Shift to a Cleaner Grid 转向更清洁的电网
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
123
Personal Use 个人使用
Solar Charged 太阳能充电
484
Personal Use 个人使用
Grid Charged 电网充电
Average Premium 平均保费
ICE Vehicle 内燃机汽车
Unlike EVs, the carbon impact of ICE vehicles remains the same every year of use 与电动汽车不同，内燃机汽车的碳排放影响在使用期间每年保持不变
The LCAs we present assume the same emissions per mile for our vehicles throughout their lifetime. This assumption is conservative given that the mixture of energy sources on the grid keeps getting cleaner. While emissions per mile for EVs will improve with the grid, emissions per mile for ICE vehicles will not. 我们提供的生命周期评估假设车辆在整个使用周期中每英里排放量相同。考虑到电网能源结构持续清洁化，这一假设是保守的。电动汽车每英里排放量将随电网改善而降低，而内燃机汽车则不会。
Based on publicly available sales and fleet data, we estimate that an average vehicle in the U.S. reaches its end of life after 17 years and just under 200,000 miles of driving. As an ICE vehicle ages, its fuel efficiency only remains stable if it’s serviced properly. Meanwhile, electricity generation to charge EVs has become cleaner over time with the addition of more renewable energy sources to the grid. EV drivers can further reduce their carbon impact by increasing their renewable energy mix with the installation of solar energy generation or storage systems on their homes. 根据公开的销售和车队数据，我们估计美国普通车辆在使用 17 年、行驶里程略低于 20 万英里后达到报废年限。传统燃油车若要保持燃油效率稳定，必须进行妥善保养。与此同时，随着电网中可再生能源比例的增加，为电动汽车充电的电力生产正变得越来越清洁。电动汽车车主还可以通过在家中安装太阳能发电或储能系统来提高可再生能源使用比例，从而进一步减少碳足迹。
U.S. Electricity Grid Generation Mix 美国电网发电结构
Greater efficiency than a Prius, performance of a Porsche 比普锐斯更高效，拥有保时捷般的性能
More efficient vehicles mean less energy use over time. Tesla vehicles are among the most efficient EVs built to date. Model Y All-Wheel Drive (AWD) achieves 3.8 EPA miles/kWh, making it the most efficient electric SUV ever made. While achieving best-in-class energy efficiency, our AWD models also provide impressive acceleration and speed. Cybercab will be built on our next-generation platform, which includes a new powertrain with an estimated 5.5 miles //kWh/ \mathrm{kWh}. 更高能效的车辆意味着长期更少的能源消耗。特斯拉汽车是迄今为止制造的最高效的电动汽车之一。Model Y 全轮驱动版(AWD)实现了 3.8 EPA 英里/千瓦时的能效，成为有史以来最高效的电动 SUV。在实现行业领先能效的同时，我们的全轮驱动车型还提供令人印象深刻的加速和速度表现。Cybercab 将基于我们的下一代平台打造，该平台包含全新动力系统，预计能效可达 5.5 英里 //kWh/ \mathrm{kWh} 。
Model Y
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
Model 3
Long Range AWD 长续航全轮驱动版
4.8s 4.8 秒 0-60mph0-60 \mathrm{mph}
4.2s 4.2 秒 0-60mph0-60 \mathrm{mph}
135 mph 135 英里/小时
Top Speed 最高时速
125 mph 125 英里/小时
Top Speed 最高时速
We make the most efficient EVs on the road 我们打造道路上最高效的电动汽车
EV Powertrain Efficiency 电动动力系统效率
(mi/kWh) （英里/千瓦时）
Electrifying industrial transport with our Semi is critical to our mission 用我们的 Semi 电动卡车实现工业运输电气化对我们的使命至关重要
Combination trucks account for about 16%16 \% of U.S. vehicle emissions-Semi helps change that. With less than 2 kWh per mile of energy consumption, Semi can travel up to 500 miles on a single charge, fully loaded. Charging with electricity is cheaper per mile than refueling with diesel, and BEV (battery electric vehicle) maintenance costs are significantly lower given the absence of diesel after-treatment systems and the relative simplicity of electric powertrains. As a result of these savings, local and regional operators can expect a positive return on investment prior to their standard diesel fleet replacement turnover cycle. With remote diagnostics, over-the-air software updates and fewer moving parts to maintain, operators will spend less time at service centers and more time on the road. 组合卡车约占美国车辆排放量的 16%16 \% ，Semi 正助力改变这一现状。其能耗低于每英里 2 千瓦时，满载情况下单次充电可行驶 500 英里。相比柴油，电力驱动的每英里成本更低，且由于无需柴油后处理系统及电动动力总成相对简单，纯电动汽车(BEV)的维护成本显著降低。凭借这些节省，地方和区域运营商有望在标准柴油车队更换周期前获得正向投资回报。通过远程诊断、空中软件更新和更少的可动部件维护，运营商将减少在服务中心的时间，增加上路运营时间。
Percent of U.S. Vehicle Emissions 美国车辆排放占比
83.6%
16.4%
Our batteries are designed for 200K+ miles of driving 我们的电池设计可支持 20 万英里以上行驶里程
Vehicle battery production can result in over six metric tons of GHG emissions, so it’s important the battery lasts as long as the vehicle. We are often asked: Will I need to replace my vehicle’s battery? The answer is no. 车辆电池生产可能产生超过六公吨的温室气体排放，因此确保电池寿命与车辆寿命相当至关重要。我们常被问及：是否需要更换车辆电池？答案是否定的。
Since we’ve been selling EVs for over a decade, we have a reliable dataset that shows battery degradation over time. We estimate a vehicle reaches end of life after about 200,000 miles of usage in the U.S. and about 150,000 miles in Europe. Even after 200,000 miles of usage, the batteries in Model 3 and Model Y lose only 20% of their capacity on average, regardless of battery chemistry. 由于我们销售电动汽车已超过十年，我们拥有可靠的数据集来展示电池随时间的衰减情况。我们估算在美国车辆使用寿命约为 20 万英里，在欧洲约为 15 万英里。即便行驶 20 万英里后，Model 3 和 Model Y 的电池平均仅损失 20%的容量，且与电池化学类型无关。
When designing our batteries, we evaluate the tradeoffs of prioritizing range, energy density, cost and charging speeds, among others. We use battery cells that vary by region, model and trim, and prioritize range to provide enough charge capacity for a compelling roundtrip as supported by our Superchargers. 在设计电池时，我们会权衡续航里程、能量密度、成本和充电速度等因素。我们根据不同地区、车型和配置使用不同类型的电池单元，并优先考虑续航能力，以确保在超级充电网络支持下提供足够的往返行程电量。
Model 3/Model Y
Battery Retention by Distance Traveled 按行驶里程计算的电池容量保持率
100%
We minimize the carbon impact of our operations with our decarbonization strategy 我们通过脱碳战略将运营的碳影响降至最低
Unlike ICE vehicles, it is possible to fully decarbonize the manufacturing and lifetime use of EVs. Electric vehicles and sustainable energy products have a far better environmental impact than fossil fuel alternatives. This includes the full lifecycle: raw material mining, manufacturing, product use and disposal. 与内燃机车辆不同，电动汽车的制造和全生命周期使用可以实现完全脱碳。电动汽车和可持续能源产品对环境的影响远优于化石燃料替代品。这包括完整生命周期：原材料开采、制造、产品使用和废弃处理。
Decarbonization at Tesla 特斯拉的脱碳行动
With our mission to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy, decarbonization is at the heart of everything we do. 以加速世界向可持续能源转型为使命，脱碳是我们一切工作的核心。
Our products address direct emissions from energy and transport. Tesla strives to achieve net-zero GHG emissions across our full product lifecycle, from mining and production through use and end-of-life recycling. As we have scaled the manufacturing of our sustainable energy products into new factories that have not yet reached full capacity, we have inevitably increased emissions in the short term. Therefore, it is more important now than ever before to continue developing our plan to achieve net-zero emissions quickly. 我们的产品致力于解决能源和交通领域的直接排放问题。特斯拉力求在产品全生命周期内实现温室气体净零排放，从矿产开采、生产制造到使用过程及报废回收。随着我们将可持续能源产品的制造规模扩展至尚未完全达产的新工厂，短期内排放量不可避免地有所增加。因此，比以往任何时候都更重要的是继续推进快速实现净零排放的计划。
Each year, our growing fleet of vehicles and energy storage products enables greater avoided emissions, significantly reducing the world’s reliance on fossil fuels. Our Robotaxi service will help accelerate this. As we continue to scale, these avoided emissions bring us closer to achieving a truly sustainable future, reinforcing our commitment to setting a target that is both meaningful and actionable. 每年，我们不断扩大的电动车队和储能产品都在实现更多减排，显著降低世界对化石燃料的依赖。即将推出的 Robotaxi 服务将加速这一进程。随着业务规模持续扩大，这些减排成效使我们更接近真正可持续的未来，也坚定了我们制定兼具意义与可执行性目标的承诺。
An ambitious stance on GHG emissions reduction is necessary to continue moving the world toward a sustainable energy economy. We are already doing this with our products and will continue to find ways to decarbonize within our full value chain. 要持续推动全球向可持续能源经济转型，必须采取积极进取的温室气体减排策略。我们正通过产品践行这一理念，并将持续探索全价值链脱碳方案。
We are prepared to continue our decarbonization journey, acknowledging the constantly changing landscape of technological advancements and sustainable energy markets. As we evolve, we strongly believe that starting with an ambitious strategy is not just wise, but necessary. 我们已准备好继续推进脱碳进程，同时密切关注日新月异的技术进步与可持续能源市场动态。在持续演进中，我们坚信制定前瞻性战略不仅是明智之举，更是必然选择。
With the sustainable energy sector ascendant, we anticipate a rising demand for zero direct-emission products across energy and transportation. Despite this, our dedication to meticulously tracking and reducing our GHG emissions remains unwavering alongside our commitment to nurturing innovation-a fundamental aspect of our organizational identity. 随着可持续能源行业蓬勃发展，我们预见能源与交通领域对零直接排放产品的需求将日益增长。尽管如此，我们仍将恪守精确追踪并降低温室气体排放的承诺，同时坚持培育创新精神——这已成为我们企业基因的核心组成部分。
We aim to transition our operational electricity load to 100% renewable electricity well before we achieve our net-zero emissions goal and to continue matching 100% of our Supercharger electricity load annually with renewable electricity. 我们计划在实现净零排放目标前，率先完成运营用电 100%向可再生能源转型，并承诺每年为超级充电网络匹配等量的可再生能源电力。
Net-zero GHG emissions as soon as possible 尽快实现温室气体净零排放
100%
operational renewable electricity achieved ahead of net-zero emissions 提前实现净零排放的可再生电力运营
For more information, see our supply chain decarbonization strategy on 欲了解更多信息，请参阅我们关于供应链脱碳战略的
pages 151-157. 第 151-157 页。
Emissions frameworks continue to fail companies like Tesla 排放框架持续让特斯拉这样的企业处于不利地位
We continue to drive the reduction of GHG emissions from energy and transport through the use of our products by our customers. This will continue to be the most impactful thing we can do to achieve our mission, and we will only see this impact accelerate as our fleet of autonomous vehicles in our Robotaxi network grows. The popular frameworks for measuring and reducing GHG emissions continue to benefit their authors and those well-established companies with polluting products-they do not recognize real-world impact. These frameworks do not account for the impact of emissions that are avoided through the sale of zero direct-emission products (referred to in this report as “avoided emissions”). 我们通过客户使用产品，持续推动能源和交通领域的温室气体减排。这仍将是我们实现使命最具影响力的举措，随着自动驾驶车队在 Robotaxi 网络中的规模扩大，这一影响只会加速显现。当前主流的温室气体测量与减排框架，始终在惠及其制定者和那些拥有污染产品的老牌企业——这些框架未能认可实际产生的减排影响。它们没有将零直接排放产品（本报告称为"避免排放"）销售所实现的减排效益纳入考量。
As we grow, Tesla will need to build more factories to support the production of our products. Each one of these products will avoid many tons of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} throughout its life. Even as Tesla constructs more efficient factories with maximum renewable energy utilization, there will undoubtedly be incremental emissions from our growing factory footprints in the near term while we still work to decarbonize our industrial processes and supply chain inputs. 随着业务扩张，特斯拉需要建造更多工厂来支撑产品生产。每件产品在其生命周期内都将减少大量 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 排放。尽管特斯拉正在建设能效更高、可再生能源利用率最大化的工厂，但在我们持续推进工业流程和供应链脱碳的过程中，短期内工厂规模扩大仍将不可避免地带来排放增量。
While we have made significant efforts to address our emissions, there are still many emissions in our value chain for which solutions are limited. We are currently able to mitigate a certain percentage of our emissions with available technologies and instruments, but a significant portion remains that is much harder to address. Many of these emissions are classified as “hard-to-abate,” and we depend on the future development and invention of new technologies to help us close this gap. 虽然我们在减排方面付出了巨大努力，但价值链中仍存在许多难以解决的排放问题。目前我们仅能利用现有技术和工具消减部分排放，仍有相当比例的排放难以处理。这些大多属于"难减排"范畴，我们寄望于未来新技术的发展和发明来填补这一空白。
Decarbonization remains urgent, but achieving it is complex across industries and companies. Net-zero targets must be crafted with ambition and a deep understanding of the challenges each sector and organization faces. Goals must be designed thoughtfully to drive real progress. 脱碳行动依然紧迫，但实现这一目标在各行业和企业中都具有复杂性。制定净零目标时，既要保持雄心，又要深刻理解每个行业和组织面临的挑战。必须经过深思熟虑设计目标，才能推动实质性进展。
There is a lot of work left to be done to build a GHG emissions-accounting system that holds polluters accountable and highlights the work being done by companies to build zero direct-emission products and achieve the goal of decarbonizing the economy. 要建立一个能够追究污染者责任、同时突显企业开发零直接排放产品并实现经济脱碳目标的温室气体排放核算体系，仍有大量工作亟待完成。
Our data-driven approach to measuring and tracking emissions 我们采用数据驱动的方法来测量和追踪排放
Refining our data-collection process 完善我们的数据收集流程
Tesla has been measuring GHG emissions from our full value chain in accordance with the GHG Protocol for several years, beginning with our supply chain and manufacturing processes and through to our Sales, Service and Delivery and end-of-life activities. Each year, our data collection process becomes more refined, prioritizing the collection of primary data over database estimates that do not accurately reflect our emissions. We have built an in-house data collection system with integrated controls that continues to improve and evolve over time with our business and external requirements. 特斯拉多年来一直按照温室气体核算体系标准测量全价值链的温室气体排放，从供应链和制造流程开始，贯穿销售、服务和交付环节，直至产品报废处理。每年我们的数据收集流程都更加精细化，优先采用实际排放数据而非无法准确反映排放情况的数据库估算值。我们建立了内部数据收集系统，配备集成控制功能，并随着业务发展和外部要求持续优化改进。
Evolving our approach to Scope 3 emissions 完善范围三排放的测算方法
Scope 3 GHG emissions calculations have traditionally been highly academic. Even when they conform to popular frameworks like the GHG Protocol, they rely on large estimations and assumptions that often lead to figures that do not reflect the true impact. Tesla is in a unique position for two reasons: we obtain primary data from the use of our products and our high level of vertical integration and direct sourcing relationships enable us to collect primary data from upstream activities, such as sourcing. 传统上，范围三温室气体排放计算具有高度理论化特征。即便遵循温室气体核算体系等流行框架，这些计算仍依赖大量估算和假设，得出的数据往往无法反映真实影响。特斯拉的独特优势体现在两方面：我们通过产品使用获取一手数据；同时凭借高度垂直整合和直接采购关系，能够从上游活动（如原材料采购）中收集原始数据。
Calculating emissions from our products 产品碳排放计算
With data from nearly eight million vehicles on the road and a fleet of solar and energy storage products, we can calculate our emissions at a much higher level of accuracy than most manufacturers and can therefore develop emissions-reduction solutions accordingly. Our ability to precisely measure our use-of-product emissions year-over-year instead of estimating their lifetime value has allowed us to directly procure renewable electricity for all vehicles that use our Superchargers. 凭借近八百万辆上路车辆的数据以及太阳能和储能产品组合，我们能够以远高于大多数制造商的精度计算排放量，从而制定相应的减排方案。我们能够逐年精确测量产品使用阶段的排放，而非估算其全生命周期值，这使我们得以直接为所有使用超级充电桩的车辆采购可再生能源电力。
Our data-driven approach to measuring and tracking emissions 我们采用数据驱动的方法来测量和跟踪排放
(cont'd) （续）
Advancing innovative approaches to end-of-life emissions 推进创新方案应对产品报废阶段排放
Our approach to understanding the end-of-life impact of our products goes beyond standard frameworks and emissions factors. Our circular solutions programming offers an avenue to obtaining primary data for the end-oflife of our products. This includes gathering data on the carbon impact of our recycling processes, allowing for more precise calculations of emissions compared to relying solely on standard global carbon impact methodologies for battery recycling. Recognizing that our products will reach their end-of-life far in the future, we also forecast regional grid mixes to accurately model future energy scenarios. 我们理解产品报废影响的方案超越了标准框架和排放因子。我们的循环解决方案计划为获取产品报废阶段的一手数据提供了途径，包括收集回收过程中的碳影响数据，相比仅依赖全球电池回收标准碳影响方法学，能实现更精确的排放计算。鉴于产品报废将发生在遥远的未来，我们还预测区域电网结构以精准模拟未来能源场景。
This innovative methodology ensures that we reflect the true environmental impact of our products, setting a higher standard for GHG emissions management in the industry. 这一创新方法确保我们真实反映产品的环境影响，为行业温室气体排放管理树立了更高标准。
Continuously enhancing the granularity of our data collection processes across all Scope 3 categories is a priority. Given that Scope 3 emissions make up most of an OEM’s total GHG impact, leveraging real and accurate data empowers us to begin implementing impactful emissions reduction strategies. 持续提升所有范围 3 类别的数据收集精细度是我们的工作重点。鉴于范围 3 排放占汽车制造商温室气体总影响的绝大部分，利用真实准确的数据使我们能够开始实施有效的减排策略。
Renewable energy for decarbonization 用于脱碳的可再生能源
We are focused on building a sustainable future through both our operations and the products we offer. Our priority is to generate as much renewable energy on-site as possible to directly match our energy consumption. This helps reduce the carbon impact of our operations. In the long run, to reduce energy use, the world will require greater battery integration. 我们致力于通过自身运营和所提供的产品构建可持续未来。优先考虑的是尽可能多地现场生产可再生能源，以直接匹配我们的能源消耗，这有助于降低运营的碳影响。长远来看，为减少能源使用，世界将需要更大规模的电池集成。
Batteries are crucial. They allow us to store excess energy and use it any time, making renewable energy more reliable. This is why batteries are key to unlocking the renewable energy solution, and Tesla holds that key through its suite of energy storage products. 电池至关重要。它们让我们能够储存多余能量并随时使用，使可再生能源更加可靠。正因如此，电池是解锁可再生能源解决方案的关键，而特斯拉通过其全套储能产品掌握着这把钥匙。
Renewable energy for decarbonization (cont'd) 实现脱碳的可再生能源（续）
When on-site generation is not enough, we turn to credible and validated power purchase agreements (PPAs) to secure renewable energy from trusted sources. This ensures that the consumption we match comes from projects that guarantee a longterm market for energy. When it comes to PPAs, we strategically select locations and timing that best match our energy use. 当现场发电不足时，我们通过可信且经过验证的电力购买协议（PPA）从可靠来源获取可再生能源。这确保了我们匹配的电力消耗来自那些能为能源提供长期市场的项目。在选择 PPA 时，我们会战略性地挑选最符合我们能源使用需求的地点和时机。
We are committed to maximizing on-site renewable energy, using PPAs only when needed and integrating battery storage to ensure a reliable and sustainable energy supply as we move toward a fully decarbonized future. 我们致力于最大化现场可再生能源的使用，仅在必要时采用 PPA，并整合电池储能系统，以确保在迈向完全脱碳未来的过程中获得可靠且可持续的能源供应。
Powering the economy with renewables 以可再生能源驱动经济发展
Where feasible and actionable, we prioritize on-site renewable electricity projects over renewable energy certificates (RECs) or PPAs, enhancing energy resilience and reliability. We are able to leverage our own fleet of products-solar, energy storage and EVsto enable sustainable, self-sufficient energy solutions. 在可行且具备操作性的情况下，我们优先选择现场可再生能源发电项目而非可再生能源证书（RECs）或购电协议（PPAs），从而提升能源韧性与可靠性。我们能够利用自身产品组合——太阳能、储能系统和电动汽车——实现可持续、自给自足的能源解决方案。
An example of this is Project Oasis, which will be the largest EV charging microgrid in the world. We broke ground on Project Oasis in 2024 and expect to launch operations in summer 2025. Located on the I-5 corridor in central California, this site will feature 164 Superchargers powered by an 11 MW solar system, 39 MWh of Megapack storage and a 1.5 MW utility connection. By integrating the Tesla ecosystem of solar and energy storage, we are deploying reliable, sustainable charging efficiently. "绿洲计划"便是典型案例，该项目将成为全球规模最大的电动汽车充电微电网。我们于 2024 年启动建设，预计 2025 年夏季投入运营。该站点位于加州中部 5 号州际公路沿线，将配备 164 个由 11 兆瓦太阳能系统供电的超级充电桩、39 兆瓦时的 Megapack 储能系统及 1.5 兆瓦的公用事业连接。通过整合特斯拉太阳能与储能生态系统，我们正在高效部署可靠、可持续的充电解决方案。
By delivering this project, we are not just meeting demand-we are demonstrating how clean energy can scale faster and more effectively with innovative, selfpowered infrastructure. 通过实施该项目，我们不仅满足需求——更在示范如何通过创新的自供电基础设施，使清洁能源得以更快速、更高效地规模化应用。
We continue to empower our customers to be a part of our mission to accelerate sustainable energy through the use of our products. In 2024, Tesla solar owners generated over 1.4 times the renewable electricity needed to power all Tesla locations including manufacturing, support, sales, research, service and delivery. While customer-generated energy is not counted toward our operational renewable electricity goals, it demonstrates the powerful collective impact of our energy ecosystem. 我们持续赋能客户，通过使用我们的产品共同加速可持续能源的使命。2024 年，特斯拉太阳能用户产生的可再生能源电力，是特斯拉所有场所（包括制造、支持、销售、研发、服务和交付）所需电力的 1.4 倍以上。虽然客户自发能源不计入我们运营可再生能源目标，但这充分展现了我们能源生态系统的强大集体影响力。
4,473_("owh ")4,473{ }_{\text {owh }}
total rooftop solar generated 屋顶太阳能总发电量
1,055 own 1,055 户自用
total energy stored in Powerwalls Powerwall 储能总量
2.8 GWh 2.8 吉瓦时
total energy exported to the grid 输送至电网的总能量
We're procuring more renewables for our products and operations 我们正为产品与运营采购更多可再生能源
In 2024, our global Supercharging network was 100% renewable again for the fourth year in a row, achieved through a combination of on-site resources and renewable electricity matching. 2024 年，我们的全球超级充电网络连续第四年实现 100%可再生能源供电，这一成就是通过现场资源与可再生能源电力匹配相结合实现的。
We are also working towards matching our operational energy usage at our facilities. We buy electricity directly from a mix of renewable energy projects through longterm PPAs with the grids on which we operate. 我们还在努力实现设施运营能耗的清洁能源匹配。通过与运营所在地电网签订长期购电协议（PPA），我们直接从多个可再生能源项目采购电力。
Since 2023, we have secured almost 1 GW of wind and solar energy across North America and Europe, ensuring a stable and clean energy supply. As we expand our operations, we plan to match remaining operational energy consumption through a combination of on-site renewables and renewable energy purchases. 自 2023 年起，我们已在北美和欧洲地区获取近 1 吉瓦的风能与太阳能电力，保障了稳定清洁的能源供应。随着业务规模扩大，我们计划通过现场可再生能源设施与绿电采购相结合的方式，实现剩余运营能耗的 100%清洁化匹配。
100%
of our Supercharging network was powered by renewables for the fourth year in a row 超级充电网络连续第四年实现 100%可再生能源供电
100%
of Gigafactory BerlinBrandenburg’s energy usage was matched with renewable electricity for the second year in a row 柏林超级工厂连续第二年实现 100%可再生能源电力匹配
Building sustainability into facility design 将可持续性理念融入设施设计
We continue to build each new factory to be better and more sustainable than our last. For example, at Gigafactory Texas, we chose highly efficient, insulated, low-emissivity windows to reduce building heating and cooling demand. The incorporation of waste heat recovery from compressors alone will offset over 1 MW of natural gas consumption for process heating. Our efforts are not limited to Gigafactory Texas. Gigafactory Shanghai stands as a testament to our progress, using 29% less energy per vehicle than our Fremont Factory. 我们持续将每一座新建工厂打造得比上一座更出色、更可持续。以得克萨斯超级工厂为例，我们选用了高效隔热低辐射窗户来降低建筑的供暖与制冷需求。仅压缩机余热回收系统一项，就能抵消超过 1 兆瓦的工艺加热天然气消耗。这些努力不仅限于得克萨斯超级工厂，上海超级工厂同样彰显着我们的进步——其单车生产能耗比弗里蒙特工厂降低了 29%。
As we continue building out new manufacturing sites, places like Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg and Gigafactory Texas will see additional enhancements. We integrate learnings from all sites into the development of future sites, including our Megafactories in Lathrop and Shanghai. 在持续扩建新生产基地的过程中，柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂和得克萨斯超级工厂等站点将迎来更多升级。我们将所有站点的经验整合应用于未来基地的开发，包括位于拉思罗普和上海的兆瓦级工厂。
Both of these Megafactories are setting new benchmarks in sustainable manufacturing through improved recycling and energy efficiency measures. Shanghai’s infrastructure includes low-nitrogen boilers and a system that reuses 90% of treated exhaust gas in powder coating. 这两座兆瓦级工厂正通过提升回收率和能效措施，为可持续制造树立新标杆。上海工厂的基础设施配备有低氮锅炉系统，其粉末喷涂环节可循环利用 90%的经处理废气。
Meanwhile, Lathrop’s wastewater management enabled a decrease in water usage in powder coating of about 90%90 \%, along with double-digit cuts in hazardous waste and costs-all while scaling production. These ongoing improvements underscore our commitment to sustainable facility design. 与此同时，拉思罗普工厂的废水管理系统使粉末喷涂环节的用水量减少了约 90%90 \% ，同时危险废弃物和成本均实现两位数百分比下降——这一切都是在扩大生产规模的同时实现的。这些持续改进彰显了我们对可持续设施设计的承诺。
Building sustainability into facility design (cont'd) 将可持续性融入设施设计（续）
Fremont Factory 弗里蒙特工厂
Model 3
Gigafactory Shanghai 上海超级工厂
Model 3
We are reducing natural gas usage across operations 我们正在全面降低运营过程中的天然气使用量
We also maintain an ongoing commitment to enhancing the efficiency of our manufacturing processes across existing factories with a focus on reducing natural gas consumption. 我们还持续致力于提升现有工厂制造流程的效率，重点聚焦于减少天然气消耗。
In 2023, we implemented optimization controls into our plastics and body paint shops at Gigafactory Texas aimed at increasing the efficiency of natural gas usage and thereby curbing overall consumption. Additionally, strategic adjustments to temperature, fan speed and nozzle placements in our Gigafactory Texas paint shop ovens have yielded natural gas reductions. This proactive approach extends beyond Gigafactory Texas. 2023 年，我们在得克萨斯超级工厂的塑料和车身喷漆车间实施了优化控制措施，旨在提高天然气使用效率从而降低整体消耗。此外，通过对得克萨斯超级工厂喷漆车间烘箱的温度、风扇转速和喷嘴位置进行战略性调整，我们实现了天然气用量的减少。这种积极举措的应用范围已超越得克萨斯超级工厂。
The evaluation and efficiency of natural gas usage across our global operations will continue to be a priority as we work to reduce emissions from this energy source. 在我们努力减少该能源排放的过程中，评估并提高全球运营中天然气使用的效率仍将是工作重点。
Decarbonization across our factories 工厂全面脱碳计划
Melt Center 熔炼中心
Texas 得克萨斯州
Gigafactory Texas is driving circularity through closed-loop material recovery, landfill diversion and reduced supply chain emissions by melting down aluminum on site. 得克萨斯超级工厂通过闭环材料回收、垃圾填埋场转移及现场熔铝减少供应链排放，推动循环经济发展。
Up to 50% natural gas savings every year 每年可节省高达 50%的天然气消耗
Hygrometric Control Logic for Air Handling Units (AHUs) 空气处理机组（AHUs）的湿度控制逻辑
Berlin 柏林
Smarter hygrometric control logic means more efficient operations, less wasted energy and a lower carbon impact for Gigafactory Berlin. 更智能的湿度控制逻辑意味着更高效的生产运营、更少的能源浪费，以及柏林超级工厂更低的碳排放影响。
About 17,000 MWh in energy savings every year 每年可节约约 17,000 兆瓦时能源
NMP refineries at Gigafactory Nevada boost year-over-year energy efficiencies while powering the sustainable extraction of critical raw materials. Gigafactory Nevada 的 NMP 精炼厂在推动关键原材料可持续提取的同时，实现了逐年提升的能源效率。
Nearly 9.5 GWh of energy savings every year 每年节省近 9.5 吉瓦时能源
Decarbonization across our factories (cont'd) 工厂脱碳进程（续）
Heat Recovery Pump Control 热回收泵控制系统
New York 纽约州
Gigafactory New York is optimizing chiller efficiency by preventing thermal short circuiting, reducing pump demand and lowering the heat recovery set point. 纽约超级工厂正在通过防止热短路来优化冷却器效率，减少泵需求并降低热回收设定点。
Shanghai 上海
Gigafactory Shanghai is improving the performance of casting machines by fine-tuning temperature control, material flow, cycle times and energy use, leading to higher yield, better quality, less waste and lower energy consumption. 上海超级工厂正通过精确调控温度控制、材料流动、周期时间和能源使用，提升铸造机性能，从而实现更高产量、更优质量、更少浪费和更低能耗。
Nearly 3,000mtCO_(2)3,000 \mathrm{mtCO}_{2} e avoided every year 每年减少近 3,000mtCO_(2)3,000 \mathrm{mtCO}_{2} 碳排放
Centralized Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers (RTO’s) for Paint Shop 集中式蓄热式热氧化炉（RTO）用于涂装车间
Fremont 弗里蒙特工厂
The consolidation of 7 thermal oxidizers and 3 concentrator wheels into one centralized RTO system at Fremont Factory streamlines natural gas control. 弗里蒙特工厂将 7 台热氧化炉和 3 个浓缩轮整合为一套集中式 RTO 系统，简化了天然气控制流程。
Almost 46,000 MWh of natural gas savings every year 每年可节省近 46,000 兆瓦时的天然气
Reducing our carbon impact even further 进一步减少碳足迹
Dynamic controls for energy efficiency 动态能效控制系统
In 2023, AI Control for HVAC was expanded from Nevada and Texas to now include our Berlin-Brandenburg and Fremont factories. AI Control policy enables HVAC systems within each factory to work together to process sensor data, model factory dynamics and apply control actions that safely minimize the energy required to support production. In 2024, this system achieved two milestones: the majority of HVAC infrastructure at Gigafactory Nevada is now AI-controlled, reducing fan and thermal energy demand; and the AI algorithm was extended to manage entire chiller plants, creating a closed-loop control system that optimizes both chilled water consumption and the energy required for its generation, all while maintaining factory conditions. 2023 年，AI 温控系统从内华达和德州工厂扩展至柏林-勃兰登堡和弗里蒙特工厂。该智能策略使各厂区的暖通空调系统能协同处理传感器数据、模拟工厂动态，并实施控制动作，在保障生产的前提下将能耗降至最低。2024 年该系统实现两大突破：内华达超级工厂大部分暖通设施已实现 AI 控制，显著降低风机与热能需求；同时算法升级为可管理整座制冷站，形成闭环控制系统，在维持厂房环境的同时优化冷冻水用量及其制备能耗。
AI Control is primarily deployed on systems that heat or cool critical factory production spaces and equipment. To ensure safe operations, Al Control continuously communicates with the preexisting standard control logic of each system. In the event of any AI Control error, each system seamlessly reverts to standard control. As a result, as of 2024, there have been zero safety incidents or production interruptions related to AI Control. AI Control 主要部署在用于加热或冷却关键工厂生产空间和设备的系统上。为确保安全运行，AI Control 会持续与各系统原有的标准控制逻辑进行通信。若 AI Control 出现任何错误，各系统将无缝切换回标准控制。因此截至 2024 年，尚未发生任何与 AI Control 相关的安全事故或生产中断。
Optimizing battery cell manufacturing 优化电池电芯制造
To reduce the cost of our vehicles and batteries, we need to use less energy to produce them. Tesla has an innovative approach to manufacturing battery cells using a dry electrode process. Current electrode production processes involve mixing liquids with cathode or anode powders and using massive machinery to coat and dry the electrode. Since this process involves large ovens, conventional cell production consumes a lot of energy. 为降低车辆和电池成本，我们需要减少生产过程中的能耗。特斯拉采用创新的干电极工艺制造电池电芯。当前电极生产工艺需要将液体与正负极粉末混合，并使用大型设备进行涂布和干燥。由于该工艺涉及大型烘箱，传统电芯生产会消耗大量能源。
The dry electrode process allows for the direct transition from a cathode or anode powder to an electrode film, reducing energy consumption in the overall cell manufacturing phase by more than 70% based on our latest analysis. For example, Cybertruck uses our 4680 battery cell, which incorporates many of these innovations, addressing cost efficiency and energy density. In 2024, we produced over 100 million 4680 battery cells and continue to ramp up our capacity to support future vehicle programs. 干电极工艺实现了从正负极粉末直接转变为电极薄膜的突破，根据我们最新分析，该技术使整体电池制造环节的能耗降低超过 70%。以 Cybertruck 为例，其搭载的 4680 电池就融合了多项此类创新技术，在成本效益和能量密度方面取得显著提升。2024 年，我们已生产超 1 亿颗 4680 电池，并持续提升产能以支持未来车型计划。
We use AI to drive impact 我们运用人工智能驱动变革
At Tesla, we believe data centers and artificial intelligence (AI) play a pivotal role in decarbonizing our world in the long term. By utilizing AI technologies paired with hardware designed for autonomy, we are increasing the lifetime utilization and efficiency of our products, which ultimately further reduces emissions. Incremental GHG emissions from data centers today will accelerate more avoided emissions over time than it creates. 特斯拉认为，数据中心和人工智能(AI)将在长期脱碳进程中发挥关键作用。通过将 AI 技术与专为自动驾驶设计的硬件相结合，我们正持续提升产品的全生命周期使用率和能效，最终实现更大幅度的减排。当前数据中心产生的增量温室气体排放，从长远来看将推动更多排放的避免，其减排效益远超自身排放量。
Powered by AI from our data centers, our Robotaxi network uses smart technology to optimize routes, improve driving efficiency and cut down on emissions. Our focus on practical, high-impact applications sets us apart in the AI landscape and underscores our commitment to accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable energy. 由我们数据中心的人工智能驱动，Robotaxi 网络运用智能技术优化路线、提升驾驶效率并减少排放。我们专注于实用且高影响力的应用，这使我们在 AI 领域独树一帜，并彰显了我们加速世界向可持续能源转型的承诺。
What sets us apart from other AI-driven companies is how we use AI to enhance our clean energy products. While many tech companies use AI in a variety of ways, we focus on integrating it into our products. 我们与其他 AI 驱动型公司的不同之处在于如何运用 AI 来增强清洁能源产品。虽然许多科技公司以多种方式使用 AI，但我们专注于将其整合到产品中。
1
Cybercab operating for eight months would avoid the equivalent emissions generated by 1 graphics processing unit (GPU) operating for a year* Cybercab 运行八个月可避免相当于一块图形处理器(GPU)运行一年所产生的排放量*
We build sustainability into our data centers 我们将可持续性理念融入数据中心建设
We recognize that while data centers will play a key role in reducing our long-term carbon impact, they do have a short-term environmental impact. That is why we have made it a priority to design and operate our data centers with a focus on energy efficiency and water conservation. 我们认识到，虽然数据中心将在减少长期碳足迹方面发挥关键作用，但其短期内仍会对环境产生影响。正因如此，我们优先考虑以能源效率和水资源保护为核心来设计和运营数据中心。
At Gigafactory Texas, we are planning to implement a waste heat recovery system in our data center. 在得克萨斯州超级工厂，我们计划在数据中心实施废热回收系统。
This system captures waste heat and repurposes it to provide process heating water to our vehicle coatings and paint shops, reducing the need for water from our chiller plants. By reusing this energy, we are not only reducing our water consumption, but also cutting down on the energy typically required for cooling systems. 该系统捕获废热并重新利用，为车辆涂装车间提供工艺加热用水，从而减少对冷水机组供水的需求。通过这种能源再利用，我们不仅降低了用水量，还减少了冷却系统通常所需的能耗。
We have also made significant improvements to the energy efficiency of our chillers. During colder and drier months, we reduce the condenser water temperature, helping us save energy while maintaining optimal cooling performance. 我们还对冷水机组的能效进行了重大改进。在寒冷干燥的季节，我们降低冷凝水温度，在保持最佳冷却性能的同时实现节能。
We are able to balance the short-term environmental impacts of our data centers with the long-term benefits they provide, reducing emissions and getting us closer to a sustainable future. 我们能够平衡数据中心短期环境影响与长期效益，在减少排放的同时推动可持续未来。
Increasing the sustainability of our operational fleet and product logistics 提升运营车队和产品物流的可持续性
As a company that produces inherently sustainable products, we see an opportunity to deploy Tesla vehicles to help reduce our carbon impact. In 2020, EVs made up around 65% of our Mobile Service fleet. By year-end 2024, we increased this figure to 90%90 \%. We also added 300 Tesla-owned EVs to our manufacturing operational fleet in 2023, with 122 added in 2024. 作为生产本质可持续产品的企业，我们有机会部署特斯拉车辆来降低碳足迹。2020 年，电动车约占我们移动服务车队的 65%。截至 2024 年底，这一比例已提升至 90%90 \% 。2023 年我们在制造运营车队中新增 300 辆特斯拉电动车，2024 年又增加了 122 辆。
We are started to expand our product use into upstream and downstream logistics as well. In 2023, we began using Semi to deliver inbound battery packs from Reno to supply our Fremont Factory. In 2024, we expanded routes to include transportation of outbound vehicles from Fremont as well as delivery operations between warehouses. 我们正将产品应用向上游和下游物流环节扩展。2023 年开始使用 Semi 卡车从雷诺运输电池组至弗里蒙特工厂。2024 年新增了从弗里蒙特出厂车辆运输及仓库间配送业务路线。
By year-end 2024, the lifetime miles of our internal Semi fleet reached over 1.7 million miles, which allowed us to avoid emitting nearly 1,500 metrics tons of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} into the atmosphere-an increase of almost 130% from 2023. We aim to continue growing the integration of our Semis across even more facilities. 截至 2024 年底，我们内部 Semi 车队的累计行驶里程已超过 170 万英里，这使得我们避免了向大气排放近 1500 公吨的 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 污染物——较 2023 年增长近 130%。我们的目标是在更多设施中继续扩大 Semi 电动卡车的整合应用。
~90%
of Tesla’s Mobile Service fleet were EVs by year-end 2024 截至 2024 年底，特斯拉移动服务车队中电动汽车占比
130%
increase in avoided emissions by internal Semi fleet from 2023 内部 Semi 车队避免的排放量较 2023 年增长
We minimize water usage throughout our operations 我们在所有运营环节中都致力于最小化水资源消耗
We are reducing our water usage throughout our operations as much as possible, prioritizing direct use in manufacturing. In the following section, we outline initiatives we are taking at Gigafactory BerlinBrandenburg and Gigafactory Texas to reduce water consumption per vehicle (including in the production of battery cells). 我们正尽可能减少整个运营过程中的用水量，优先保障制造环节的直接用水。以下部分将详细介绍我们在柏林超级工厂和得克萨斯超级工厂为降低单车水耗（包括电池生产环节）所采取的措施。
Each automaker may draw their boundaries slightly differently, depending on how vertically integrated they are. According to the latest publicly available figures, Tesla withdrew less water at facilities dedicated to vehicle manufacturing per vehicle produced than the majority of established automakers. Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg’s water intensity was 2.16 cubic meters in 2024, better than all but one other established automaker in the region. 每家汽车制造商根据其垂直整合程度不同，划定的边界可能略有差异。根据最新公开数据，在专门用于汽车制造的设施中，特斯拉的单车取水量低于大多数传统汽车制造商。2024 年柏林超级工厂的水资源强度为 2.16 立方米/辆，优于该地区除一家之外的所有传统汽车制造商。
Water Intensity Across Vehicle Manufacturers 汽车制造商水资源强度对比
(m3 of Water per Vehicle Produced) （立方米/辆）
We minimize water usage throughout our operations (cont'd) 我们在整个运营过程中尽量减少用水量（续）
Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg was designed to consume as little water as possible. Compared to other industrial companies near the factory in East Brandenburg, Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg consumes very little water, despite producing hundreds of thousands of vehicles per year. While Tesla is permitted to consume 1.4 million cubic meters of water per year, we only consumed a fraction of that-about 0.45 million cubic meters-in 2024, consistent with our usage in 2023. 柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂在设计时就力求尽可能减少用水。尽管每年生产数十万辆汽车，但与东勃兰登堡工厂附近的其他工业企业相比，柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂的用水量极少。虽然特斯拉被允许每年消耗 140 万立方米的水，但我们在 2024 年仅消耗了约 45 万立方米——与 2023 年的用量保持一致。
We continue to find ways to minimize our water usage, including through the launch of an industrial water recovery and recycling plant onsite that recycles up to 100%100 \% of the factory process wastewater. 我们持续探索减少用水的方法，包括在厂区内启动工业用水回收和循环利用设施，该设施可回收高达 100%100 \% 的工厂工艺废水。
Selected Industrial Water Consumption 选定的工业用水消耗量
Local to Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg 柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂本地化运营
( mm^(3)//yr\mathrm{mm}^{3} / \mathrm{yr} )
Paper Mill Leipa 造纸厂 Leipa
Steel Production Arcelor Mittal 钢铁生产 Arcelor Mittal
Setting a new standard for water use per vehicle 树立单车用水量新标准
Water-intensive process optimization 高耗水工艺优化
We are constantly optimizing or eliminating waterintensive production processes across our operations. At Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg, we implemented hybrid cooling towers, eliminated quench tanks in casting and introduced cascade rinsing systems in the paint shop and battery can wash process. In 2024, we continued to implement various efficiency processes within our paint shops to reduce overall water consumption at Gigafactory Texas. 我们持续优化或淘汰运营中的高耗水生产流程。在柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂，我们采用了混合冷却塔，取消了铸造环节的淬火槽，并在涂装车间和电池壳清洗工序中引入级联冲洗系统。2024 年，我们继续在得克萨斯超级工厂涂装车间实施多项节水工艺，以降低整体用水量。
Rainwater and condensate harvesting and reuse 雨水和冷凝水收集与再利用
We plan to capture at least 25% of roof rainwater runoff in a central underground storage system at Gigafactory Texas. Rainwater will be recycled and used to cool manufacturing equipment. In an average year, this system should save an estimated 14 million gallons of potable city water. Additionally, as hot, humid outdoor air is conditioned, water condenses out of the air. Typically, this condensate is discarded as wastewater. At Gigafactory Texas, we plan to use this condensate in our cooling towers and process water systems to offset incoming site water. Based on our latest estimates, this could result in 13.6 million gallons of water conserved annually. 我们计划在德州超级工厂通过中央地下储水系统收集至少 25%的屋顶雨水径流。这些雨水将被循环利用，用于冷却生产设备。在平水年份，该系统预计可节约约 1400 万加仑的城市饮用水。此外，当湿热的外部空气经过处理时，水分会从空气中凝结出来。通常情况下，这些冷凝水会被作为废水排放。在德州超级工厂，我们计划将这些冷凝水用于冷却塔和工艺水系统，以减少外部供水需求。根据最新估算，此举每年可节约 1360 万加仑用水。
Reclaimed and recycled water 再生水与循环水
The cooling tower makeup is the single biggest contributor to water usage in a vehicle factory after paint operations. As water used to cool machinery evaporates, it needs to be topped up regularly. The total cooling tower makeup could be offset entirely by non-potable sources such as rainwater or wastewater. Using locally treated wastewater could result in offsetting a large fraction of annual cooling tower makeup water demand with non-drinkable uses. We started using reclaimed water for our landscape irrigation needs at Gigafactory Texas. Once fully deployed, we expect this to save just under 150 million gallons of potable city water annually. 冷却塔补水是汽车工厂中仅次于涂装工序的最大用水环节。随着用于冷却设备的水分蒸发，需要定期补充。冷却塔的全部补水需求均可通过雨水或废水等非饮用水源来满足。使用当地处理后的废水可大幅替代冷却塔年补水量中的非饮用水需求。我们已开始在得州超级工厂使用再生水进行景观灌溉。全面实施后，预计每年可节约近 1.5 亿加仑的城市饮用水。
As we make our factories more efficient, our waste per vehicle decreases 随着工厂效率的提升，我们每辆车的废弃物产生量持续下降
Our legacy manufacturing operations at Fremont Factory will always produce more waste per vehicle than our newly designed factories. First, because the automotive supply chain does not have a strong presence on the West Coast of the U.S., many components need to be shipped from long distances to our Fremont Factory, requiring excessive packaging and creating more waste than necessary Second, modern factories are better designed for material flow. Trailer entry points surround the whole factory, which means that components can be offloaded precisely at the part of the factory where they are needed. 我们位于弗里蒙特工厂的传统制造业务每生产一辆车产生的废弃物总是多于新设计的工厂。首先，由于美国西海岸汽车供应链不够完善，许多零部件需要远距离运输至弗里蒙特工厂，这导致过度包装并产生不必要的废弃物。其次，现代化工厂在物料流转方面设计更优，拖车入口环绕整个工厂布局，意味着零部件可直接卸货至所需工位。
Even though Fremont, a legacy factory, generates more waste than Gigafactory Shanghai, both sites saw a reduction in waste per vehicle in 2024 compared to 2023. 尽管作为传统工厂的弗里蒙特比特斯拉上海超级工厂产生更多废弃物，但 2024 年两个生产基地的单车废弃物量较 2023 年均有所下降。
Waste per Vehicle Produced at Gigafactory Shanghai vs. Fremont Factory 上海超级工厂 vs 弗里蒙特工厂单车废弃物量
(kg of Waste per Vehicle Produced) （千克/辆）
Creating circularity in our value chain 打造价值链的循环经济
In our commitment to circularity within our value chain, we prioritize recycling materials to minimize waste. The majority of generated waste-such as paper, plastics, metals and water-is recyclable. At Gigafactory Shanghai, for example, 100% of waste was diverted from disposal in 2024. 在践行价值链循环经济的承诺中，我们优先考虑材料回收以减少浪费。产生的绝大多数废弃物——如纸张、塑料、金属和水——都是可回收的。以上海超级工厂为例，2024 年实现了 100%的废弃物零填埋。
At Gigafactory Texas, we initiated a recycling program aimed at optimizing the reuse of scrap metals in our manufacturing processes. Particularly, we recycle aluminum scrap for use in our castings for Model Y. Tesla castings can use primary aluminum and a diversified feedstock of recycled aluminum, including scrap from our operations as well as recycled components from non-Tesla vehicles, such as aluminum wheels. 在德州超级工厂，我们启动了回收计划，旨在优化制造过程中废金属的再利用。特别是回收铝废料用于 Model Y 的压铸件生产。特斯拉压铸件可采用原生铝和多元化的再生铝原料，包括我们生产过程中的废料以及非特斯拉车辆的回收部件（如铝制轮毂）。
Advancing closed-loop systems with collection networks 通过建立回收网络推进闭环系统建设
In 2024, we continued strengthening our approach to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a key enabler of local collection and recycling systems. We collaborate with over 130 compliance schemes across EMEA, APAC and Canada, covering products such as vehicles, batteries, electronics, packaging and tires. In Europe, our dismantler network enables us to collect 100% of high-voltage batteries returned to us at end-of-life. We continue to scale our processes to meet evolving circularity enhancements toward closed-loop systems. 2024 年，我们持续强化"生产者责任延伸"(EPR)机制，将其作为建立本地化回收体系的关键推动力。目前我们与欧洲、中东、非洲、亚太及加拿大地区的 130 余家合规机构开展合作，业务范围涵盖车辆、电池、电子设备、包装材料和轮胎等产品。在欧洲地区，通过完善的拆解商网络，我们实现了报废高压电池 100%回收。我们正持续优化流程，以不断提升循环经济水平，最终实现闭环系统目标。
For more information on supplier engagement and battery recycling in our supply chain, see pages 159-162. 有关供应链中供应商参与及电池回收的更多信息，请参阅第 159-162 页。
~90%
of manufacturing waste diverted from disposal in 2024 2024 年制造业废弃物转化利用率
~100%
of all battery cell waste recycled at Gigafactory Texas in 2024 2024 年德州超级工厂电池废料总回收率
Circular solutions (cont'd) 循环解决方案（续）
Closing the loop and cutting costs for our batteries 实现电池闭环并降低成本
Central to our circularity efforts is a strategic focus on battery recycling. We continue to enhance our measurement and tracking of minerals, from extraction to the end of life for our products. 我们循环经济战略的核心在于电池回收。我们持续完善从矿物开采到产品生命周期终结的全流程监测与追踪体系。
Our new facility in Texas represents a strategic opportunity to blend sustainability with a robust business model. We aim to process all scrap materials in an efficient and cost-effective manner, ensuring each stream is handled with precision. The facility features a state-of-the-art dry shredding line, capable of processing large volumes of scrap to create an intermediate black mass, with the potential to be reintegrated into our supply chain. This process can not only make the operation economical, but also supports the circularity of materials by returning valuable resources, like lithium, nickel and cobalt, back into production. 德克萨斯州新建的工厂为我们提供了将可持续发展与稳健商业模式相结合的战略机遇。该设施采用高效经济的废料处理流程，确保每道工序精准运作。工厂配备先进的干法破碎生产线，可大规模处理废料生成中间产物黑粉，这些材料有望重新进入供应链。此工艺不仅提升运营经济性，还通过回收锂、镍、钴等宝贵资源重返生产线，实现材料的循环利用。
The facility is also piloting a novel technology stack for lithium recovery that eliminates waste and captures synergies with Tesla’s lithium refinery. This technology aims to achieve a closed-loop system for other critical metals and materials such as graphite and transition metals, ensuring that our recycling efforts are both business-focused and sustainable. Ultimately, from the beginning of the product lifecycle to its end, we are committed to honing a plan for circularity, closing the loop and reinforcing the sustainability of our supply chain. 该设施还正在试点一种用于锂回收的新型技术堆栈，该技术可消除浪费并与特斯拉的锂精炼厂形成协同效应。这项技术旨在为石墨和过渡金属等其他关键金属和材料实现闭环系统，确保我们的回收工作既以业务为导向又具有可持续性。最终，从产品生命周期的开始到结束，我们都致力于完善循环计划，实现闭环并增强供应链的可持续性。
We know that collaboration with external stakeholders is crucial to our circular solutions journey. We partner with stakeholders outside Tesla to increase accuracy around the carbon impact of our materials. 我们知道与外部利益相关者的合作对我们的循环解决方案之旅至关重要。我们与特斯拉以外的利益相关者合作，以提高材料碳影响评估的准确性。
Reintegrating Manufacturing Scrap into Production 将制造废料重新整合到生产中
Remanufacturing helps maximize circularity for our business 再制造助力我们业务实现循环经济最大化
At Tesla, our remanufacturing program plays a key part in driving our efforts toward creating a truly closed-loop system. This global initiative allows customers to return faulty products so we can repair or replace parts, recover valuable materials or apply new insights to improve future products. By doing this, we extend the life of our products, reduce waste and ensure a more sustainable approach to production. 在特斯拉，我们的再制造计划是推动建立真正闭环系统的关键环节。这项全球性计划允许客户退回故障产品，以便我们进行维修或更换部件、回收宝贵材料，或运用新见解改进未来产品。通过这一举措，我们延长了产品寿命，减少了废弃物，并确保了更可持续的生产方式。
One of the major advantages of this program is the way it helps reduce service costs. Rather than automatically replacing faulty components with new ones, we offer repair and refurbishment options that save both customers and Tesla valuable capital. Additionally, by reusing materials from returned products, we reduce the need for raw materials, cutting costs and minimizing the environmental impact of sourcing critical commodities. 该计划的一大优势在于其降低服务成本的方式。我们并非简单地用新部件替换故障组件，而是提供维修和翻新选项，从而为客户和特斯拉节省宝贵资金。此外，通过重复利用退回产品的材料，我们减少了对原材料的需求，既降低了成本，又最大限度地减少了关键物资采购对环境的影响。
This program plays a crucial role in improving product quality. By gathering data from returned products, we gain valuable feedback that helps refine our designs and manufacturing processes. This ongoing feedback loop allows us to address recurring issues and continuously enhance the reliability of our products. 该计划在提升产品质量方面发挥着关键作用。通过收集退货产品数据，我们获得了宝贵的反馈，有助于改进设计和制造流程。这种持续的反馈循环使我们能够解决重复出现的问题，并不断提升产品的可靠性。
Ultimately, this strengthens our closed-loop system by providing end-of-life support. Instead of products being discarded, we bring them back into the cycle, repairing, reusing and recycling materials to ensure they stay in circulation. This initiative is a vital part of our commitment to building products that are not only high performing but also built to last. 最终，这通过提供产品生命周期末端的支持强化了我们的闭环系统。产品不会被丢弃，而是重新进入循环——经过维修、再利用和材料回收，确保它们持续流通。该举措是我们承诺打造高性能且经久耐用产品的重要组成部分。
3 own 3 自有
of energy capacity and over 17,000mt17,000 \mathrm{mt} of material recovered 的能源容量及超过 17,000mt17,000 \mathrm{mt} 的材料回收率
38,000
long range battery packs worth of remanufacturing material 可进行再制造的长续航电池组材料
recovered from our vehicles. 从我们的车辆中回收
∼$420M\sim \$ 420 \mathrm{M}
in total Service costs avoided between major high-voltage battery and drive unit products 高压电池与驱动单元主要产品间节省的总服务成本
Biodiversity 生物多样性
We work to preserve the natural environments around our Gigafactories. At Gigafactories Texas, Nevada and Berlin-Brandenburg, we have taken steps to improve the surrounding ecosystems while minimizing our own impact. Initiatives have focused on reintroduction of native species in areas previously disrupted at our sites. 我们致力于保护超级工厂周边的自然环境。在德克萨斯州、内华达州和柏林-勃兰登堡的超级工厂，我们已采取措施改善周边生态系统，同时最大限度降低自身影响。相关举措主要聚焦于在厂区曾受干扰的区域重新引入本地物种。
In Texas, for example, the land now used for our factory was previously a sand and gravel mine dating back to the 1970s. Following mining operations, the land was left with vast areas devoid of vegetation. The land required significant reclamation to restore it to a more stable and ecologically functional state. 以德克萨斯州为例，我们工厂现址曾是上世纪 70 年代遗留的砂石矿场。采矿作业结束后，这片土地留下了大面积的植被荒芜区。需要通过大规模的土地复垦工程，才能将其恢复至更稳定且具备生态功能的状态。
Current initiatives at Gigafactory Texas are focused on fostering diverse plant and animal life and restoring ecological balance to allow for the natural recovery of the site. 目前德克萨斯超级工厂的重点工作包括培育多样化动植物群落、恢复生态平衡，以促进场地的自然生态修复。
Gigafactory Nevada partnered with a team of ecologists at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to conduct habitat surveys to better understand and manage biodiversity on site. We reforested around 300 hectares at Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg, matching the area used for the factory and surrounding public infrastructure, with over 60% deciduous trees, doubling the 30% required by forestry authorities. Additionally, we enhanced 280 hectares of nearby pine forest through underplanting and plan to upgrade another 66 hectares, boosting climate resilience. 内华达超级工厂与拉斯维加斯内华达大学的生态学家团队合作开展栖息地调查，以更好地了解和管理厂区内的生物多样性。我们在柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂周边重新造林约 300 公顷，面积与工厂及周边公共基础设施用地相当，其中落叶乔木占比超过 60%，达到林业部门要求标准（30%）的两倍。此外，我们通过林下种植改善了附近 280 公顷松树林，并计划再提升 66 公顷，以增强气候适应能力。
We recognize the need to continue taking action to restore, maintain and enhance our local ecosystems. 我们认识到需要持续采取行动来修复、维护和改善当地生态系统。
30
native plant species were planted at Gigafactory Texas 得克萨斯超级工厂种植了本地植物物种
300
native seedings were planted around Gigafactory Nevada 内华达超级工厂周边种植了本地幼苗
300
hectares of trees reforested at Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg 柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂重新造林公顷数
Product & Safety 产品与安全
03
For mass adoption, our products need to be better than their fossil fuel alternatives in every way-safer, more affordable and more fun. 要实现大规模普及，我们的产品必须在各方面都优于化石燃料替代品——更安全、更经济、更有趣。
We built an ecosystem of 我们构建了一个包含
products that people love products that people love 人们喜爱的产品 人们喜爱的产品
Consumers are unlikely to buy products simply because they have a low lifetime carbon impact. They need to be better in every way: safer, more affordable and more fun. We are not just trying to build sustainable products, we are committed to building the best products-period. 消费者不太可能仅仅因为产品全生命周期碳足迹低就购买。产品必须在各方面都更出色：更安全、更实惠、更有趣。我们不仅致力于打造可持续产品，更矢志创造最卓越的产品——没有之一。
Product & Safety 产品与安全
Our Product Ecosystem 我们的产品生态系统
Making EVs Affordable 让电动汽车更亲民
Freedom to Travel 自由出行
Maximizing Safety 极致安全
Everything we do is in support of our mission 我们所做的一切都是为了践行使命
Since our founding in 2003, Tesla has been focused on having a positive impact on our world by replacing fossil fuel-powered products across the transportation and energy industries with cleaner-and safer-alternatives. 自 2003 年成立以来，特斯拉始终致力于通过用更清洁、更安全的替代方案取代交通运输和能源行业的化石燃料产品，从而对世界产生积极影响。
We create products that are sustainable, and we work tirelessly to integrate sustainability into each step of our value chain, from responsible sourcing and manufacturing to our products’ inherent sustainability and end-of-life circularity. Our product offering has expanded from sports cars to include sedans, SUVs and trucks as well as electric vehicle charging, solar panels and energy storage for homes, businesses and the grid. 我们创造可持续的产品，并不断努力将可持续性融入价值链的每个环节——从负责任的原料采购与制造，到产品固有的可持续性及报废循环利用。我们的产品线已从跑车扩展到包括轿车、SUV、卡车，以及面向家庭、企业和电网的电动汽车充电设备、太阳能板和储能系统。
While we have delivered approximately eight million electric vehicles (EVs) and deployed nearly 74 GWh of energy storage around the world, much of the global economy continues to run on fossil fuels. Our work is not done. 尽管我们已向全球交付约 800 万辆电动汽车（EV），并部署近 74 吉瓦时的储能系统，但全球经济仍主要依赖化石燃料运行。我们的使命尚未完成。
Creating a safer, cleaner, more enjoyable world 共同创造更安全、更清洁、更美好的世界
Pollution emitted during the burning of fossil fuels leads to 8 million premature deaths globally each year. That accounts for one in five premature deaths worldwide. Our zero direct-emission products contribute less climate-warming carbon and less fine particulate pollution into the Earth’s atmosphere. 化石燃料燃烧产生的污染每年导致全球 800 万人过早死亡，占全球过早死亡人数的五分之一。我们的零直接排放产品减少了导致气候变暖的碳和细颗粒物污染进入地球大气层。
Each year, about 1.19 million people die in traffic accidents globally, with traffic injuries being the leading cause of death for children and young adults between the ages of 5 and 29. 全球每年约有 119 万人死于交通事故，交通伤害是 5 至 29 岁儿童和青壮年的首要死因。
We believe autonomy will save lives, time and money while improving quality of life for everyone. 我们相信自动驾驶技术将挽救生命、节省时间和金钱，同时提升每个人的生活质量。
Autonomous transportation will make our roads safer for drivers, passengers and pedestrians alike. 自动驾驶交通将为驾驶员、乘客和行人创造更安全的道路环境。
Optimus, our autonomous humanoid robot, will give people back more time to do impactful work and enjoy their lives by automating time-consuming, unsafe and repetitive tasks at work and in the home. Optimus 是我们研发的自主人形机器人，通过自动完成工作场所和家庭中耗时、危险且重复性高的任务，它将为人们腾出更多时间从事有意义的工作并享受生活。
Our product philosophy 我们的产品理念
We are further accelerating our mission-and impactthrough autonomy. As we continue to work toward a fully sustainable economy, we see an opportunity to further accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy by investing in artificial intelligence (AI) as a way to maximize the impact of our products. Enhancing our products with AI, such as with our autonomous vehicles and robots, improves safety while making our products more efficient, accessible and affordable. 我们正通过自主技术进一步加速实现使命与影响力。在持续推动完全可持续经济发展的同时，我们看到了通过投资人工智能（AI）来最大化产品影响力的机遇，从而加速全球向可持续能源转型。为产品（如自动驾驶汽车和机器人）注入 AI 技术，能在提升安全性的同时，使产品更高效、更易获取且更经济实惠。
For example, our Robotaxi service will provide a safer, more affordable transportation option. Cybercab, designed for autonomy without a steering wheel or pedals, will be manufactured using a revolutionary “unboxed process” that will sharply reduce the average cost per vehicle to manufacture, and in turn, the price our customers pay for transport. With only two seats and ample cargo space, this vehicle will be the workhorse of our future Robotaxi service and will begin volume production in 2026. This work will reduce emissions and improve safety faster than relying solely on selling vehicles directly to customers. 例如，我们的 Robotaxi 服务将提供更安全、更经济的交通选择。专为自动驾驶设计的 Cybercab 取消了方向盘和踏板，采用革命性的"拆箱式生产"工艺，这将大幅降低单车制造成本，从而减少客户的出行费用。这款双座车型拥有充裕的载货空间，将成为未来 Robotaxi 服务的主力车型，计划于 2026 年启动量产。相比仅依靠直接向客户销售车辆，这项业务将更快实现减排和提升道路安全的目标。
Focusing on the entire customer journey 聚焦全流程客户体验
Our goal is to ensure a positive customer experience, from demo drive through ownership, and it all starts with innovating the buying process. We sell directly to our customers with each individual step being automated (including financing and insurance), removing the need to interact with a human. Zero-contact delivery started in 2018 and has continued to be the most convenient way of getting our cars to our customers. 我们的目标是确保从试驾到用车的全程优质体验，这一切始于创新的购车流程。我们通过全自动化步骤（包括金融方案和保险）直接面向客户销售，无需人工介入。自 2018 年推出的零接触交付服务，始终是向客户交车最便捷的方式。
Thanks to our direct-delivery model, we are able to gather customer feedback at every step of the process, helping our customers find and enjoy the right vehicle. In 2024, our average customer satisfaction score was over 90% for customers who took a demo drive in our vehicles, while it was over 92% for customer delivery experience. 得益于我们的直销模式，我们能够在每个环节收集客户反馈，帮助客户找到并享受适合的车辆。2024 年，参与试驾体验的客户平均满意度超过 90%，而交车体验的客户满意度更是达到了 92%以上。
Our data shows financing has been a concern for wouldbe buyers, which we have been continuing to address through more attractive interest rates and leasing options. 数据显示，融资问题一直是潜在购车者的顾虑所在。我们通过提供更具吸引力的利率和租赁方案，持续解决这一问题。
As we increase our vehicle fleet, we strive to enhance the service experience for our customers, with more locations, shorter wait times and ultimately fewer visits required. Mobile Service reduces the need for many trips to Service centers, with active diagnostics for maintenance repairs and self-scheduling of repair appointments also improving the customer experience. Customer experience feedback following Service center visits has also improved, with a 93% average customer satisfaction score in 2024. 随着车队规模扩大，我们致力于通过增加服务网点、缩短等待时间、最终减少进店次数来提升客户服务体验。移动服务减少了前往服务中心的频次，主动诊断维护维修问题以及自主预约维修功能也优化了客户体验。2024 年服务中心到店服务的客户满意度平均达到 93%，较往年持续提升。
Affordability is key to mass EV adoption 价格亲民是电动汽车普及的关键
The accessibility of our products is fundamental to our mission. Model Y is priced on par with equivalent ICE vehicles and we have made it even better, with new Model Y having launched in all markets in early 2025. Unfortunately, most other EVs on the market today are often priced at a premium compared to their direct ICE vehicle equivalents. 我们产品的可及性对实现使命至关重要。Model Y 的定价已与同级燃油车持平，而我们通过 2025 年初在全球市场推出的新款 Model Y 使其更具竞争力。遗憾的是，目前市场上大多数其他电动车的定价往往比同级燃油车高出不少。
Model Y
Long Range Rear-Wheel Drive Model Y 长续航后轮驱动版
*Includes gas savings over five years and 60,000 miles using an average U.S. gas cost of $3.17 per gallon and electricity cost of $0.16 per kWh. *包含五年行驶 6 万英里所节省的燃油费用，按美国平均油价每加仑 3.17 美元和电价每千瓦时 0.16 美元计算。
To further accelerate EV adoption, we are launching more affordable products in 2025. All of our vehicles come standard with superior equipment and software, including the capability to run Full Self-Driving (Supervised), over-the-air software updates, 5G connectivity and, in our view, the best infotainment system on the market. 为加速电动车普及，我们将在 2025 年推出更亲民的产品。全系车型均标配顶尖硬件与软件功能，包括全自动驾驶（监督版）能力、OTA 远程软件升级、5G 互联技术，以及我们认为是市面上最出色的车载娱乐系统。
Average New Vehicle
ICE Equivalent 平均新车内燃机等效值
$47,462
Reflects pricing at time of publication, June 2025 反映 2025 年 6 月发布时的定价
Model Y total cost of ownership per mile is similar to mass-market ICE vehicles Model Y 每英里的总拥有成本与大众市场燃油车相当
Total Cost of Ownership ($ per Mile) 每英里总拥有成本（美元）
(5 Years and 60,000 Miles) （5 年 6 万英里）
While the sticker price of Model Y is similar to an equivalent BMW or Audi, its lifetime operating cost is in-line with mass-market, less premium ICE vehicles. 尽管 Model Y 的标价与同级别宝马或奥迪相近，但其全生命周期运营成本却与大众市场、非豪华燃油车相当。
With fewer moving parts to repair and no oil changes or emission checks needed, Tesla vehicles require minimal maintenance and can cost less to maintain. Regenerative braking also helps reduce wear, extending the brakes lifespan and improving energy efficiency. 由于需要维修的活动部件更少，且无需更换机油或排放检测，特斯拉车辆维护需求极低，养护成本可能更低。能量回收制动还有助于减少磨损，延长刹车系统寿命并提升能效。
EVs are less expensive to fuel than gas-powered vehicles, and charging at home makes the experience more convenient. The cost of electricity to power Model Y is up to three-times less than the cost of gas for a comparable ICE vehicle. 电动汽车的燃料成本低于燃油车，而且在家充电更加便捷。Model Y 的电力成本最高可比同级别燃油车的汽油成本低三倍。
Leveraging autonomy to accelerate EV adoption 利用自动驾驶技术加速电动汽车普及
Based on the recent trajectory of EV adoption, it will still be many more years before the miles traveled by EVs fully displaces the miles driven by ICE vehicles. We view autonomy as the way to further accelerate EV adoption. 根据电动汽车普及的最新趋势，电动汽车行驶里程完全取代燃油车仍需多年时间。我们认为自动驾驶是进一步加速电动汽车普及的途径。
Full Self-Driving (FSD) (Supervised) continues to rapidly improve and now far exceeds human levels of safety. We aim to replicate this performance with an unsupervised FSD option for our customers and our Robotaxi service, the latter of which launched in Austin, Texas in June 2025. 全自动驾驶（FSD）（监督版）持续快速改进，其安全性现已远超人类水平。我们的目标是为客户和 Robotaxi 服务提供无需监督的 FSD 选项，后者已于 2025 年 6 月在德克萨斯州奥斯汀推出。
Robotaxis can displace ICE vehicles even faster 自动驾驶出租车能更快取代燃油车
With over a billion ICE vehicles on the road, the limiting factor in displacing fossil fuels is how many EVs Tesla and our peers are able to make and deliver. Robotaxis can completely change this paradigm. The average passenger vehicle is used only 10 hours per week. Conservatively, we believe we can significantly increase utilization through autonomy, with Robotaxis driving many more hours per week, with over 50,000 miles driven per year per vehicle. 目前全球有超过 10 亿辆燃油车上路行驶，取代化石燃料的限制因素在于特斯拉及同行企业能够生产和交付多少电动汽车。自动驾驶出租车将彻底改变这一格局。普通乘用车每周仅使用 10 小时。保守估计，我们相信通过自动驾驶技术可显著提高车辆利用率，使自动驾驶出租车每周行驶时间大幅增加，单车年行驶里程将超过 5 万英里。
Our long-term goal is to offer autonomous transport with a cost-per-mile below existing rideshare options, personal car ownership and public transit. At scale, we believe our Robotaxi business can achieve a total cost per mile far below other alternatives with Cybercab, which is designed from the ground up for autonomy. 我们的长期目标是提供每英里成本低于现有网约车服务、私家车拥有成本和公共交通的自动驾驶运输服务。规模化运营后，我们相信专为自动驾驶设计的 Cybercab 将使 Robotaxi 业务的每英里总成本远低于其他替代方案。
Data shows that our owners drive their Tesla vehicles more than the average gas vehicle is driven in the U.S., suggesting that their Tesla is their primary vehicle. Still, range and charging concerns are a key reason why many people do not replace their ICE vehicle with an EV. The more confident drivers are that their EV can be used for errands, commuting and long road trips, the less they will feel the need to supplement their EV with an ICE vehicle. 数据显示，特斯拉车主驾驶其车辆的里程数超过美国普通燃油车的平均水平，这表明特斯拉已成为他们的主要用车。然而，续航里程和充电问题仍是许多人未将燃油车替换为电动车的关键原因。当驾驶者越确信电动车能满足日常差事、通勤和长途旅行需求时，他们对保留燃油车作为补充的需求就会越低。
Freedom of travel is the reason people buy personal vehicles in the first place 出行自由本就是人们购买私家车的初衷
Consumers do not buy a vehicle that meets most of their driving needs-they buy a vehicle that meets all of their driving needs. Since its introduction in 2012, we have increased the range of Model S by over 50%from 265 miles to 410 miles of range per charge for the long-range trim. 消费者不会购买一辆仅满足大部分驾驶需求的车辆——他们需要的是满足所有驾驶需求的车辆。自 2012 年推出以来，我们已将 Model S 长续航版的单次充电续航里程从 265 英里提升至 410 英里，增幅超过 50%。
Our focus on energy efficiency (achieving max range from the same sized battery) has allowed us to continue increasing range while keeping battery size relatively the same. Cybercab will be built on our next-generation platform, including a powertrain with 5.5mi//kWh5.5 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{kWh} (est.). 我们对能效的关注（在相同电池容量下实现最大续航）使我们能够在保持电池容量相对不变的同时持续提升续航里程。Cybercab 将基于我们的下一代平台打造，包括搭载 5.5mi//kWh5.5 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{kWh} （预估）的动力系统。
Superchargers can recover up to 200 miles of range in 15 minutes 超级充电桩可在 15 分钟内恢复 200 英里续航里程
We continue to expand and improve our Supercharging network 我们持续扩展并优化超级充电网络
In 2024, we added over 10,600 Supercharger stalls to our charging network and delivered over 5.2 TWh of energy, avoiding over 5.5 billion kilograms of direct CO2 emissions.* We unveiled our V4 cabinet, which supports 400V-1,000V400 \mathrm{~V}-1,000 \mathrm{~V} vehicle architectures, charges up to 500 kW for passenger vehicles and 1.2 MW for Semi and includes power electronics with three times the power density. 2024 年，我们在充电网络中新增了 10,600 多个超级充电桩，输送了超过 5.2 太瓦时电能，避免了超过 55 亿千克的直接二氧化碳排放*。我们发布了支持 400V-1,000V400 \mathrm{~V}-1,000 \mathrm{~V} 车辆架构的 V4 充电柜，可为乘用车提供高达 500 千瓦、为 Semi 电动卡车提供 1.2 兆瓦的充电功率，其功率电子元件密度达到前代产品的三倍。
We launched Battery Heating at Superchargers, a feature that allows vehicles with LFP battery packs to charge up to four-times faster. We also welcomed more OEMs in North America into our Supercharging network, including the first NACS vehicles. 我们推出了超级充电桩电池预热功能，该功能使配备 LFP 电池组的车辆充电速度最高提升四倍。同时，我们迎来了更多北美汽车制造商加入超级充电网络，包括首批采用 NACS 充电标准的车辆。
*CO2 savings reflect direct internal combustion engine (ICE) exhaust emissions avoided by comparing energy delivered via Supercharging to equivalent distance driven by internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and excludes upstream grid emissions. *二氧化碳减排量反映的是通过将超级充电站提供的能量与同等里程的内燃机(ICE)车辆行驶相比较，所避免的直接内燃机尾气排放，不包括上游电网排放。
Our drivers have the freedom to go anywhere 我们的车主可以自由驰骋任何地方
Average Uptime of Supercharger Sites 超级充电站平均运行时间
2024
99.95%
2023 99.97%
Uptime of Supercharger sites reflects the average percentage of sites globally that had at least 50% of their daily capacity functional for the year. 超级充电站运行时间反映的是全球范围内全年每日至少有 50%充电容量正常运作的站点平均占比。
Exceeding safety standards across four continents 超越四大洲的安全标准
EURO
A^("SAFER ")C_("总 ") NCAP| EURO |
| :--- |
| $A^{\text {SAFER }} C_{\text {总 }}$ NCAP |
ANCAP 安全评级
ANCAP
SAFETY
ANCAP
SAFETY| ANCAP |
| :--- |
| SAFETY |
CIASI
中国保险汽车安全指数
CIASI
中国保险汽车安全指数| CIASI |
| :--- |
| 中国保险汽车安全指数 |
TNCAP 台湾新车安全评鉴计划
TNCAP
Taiwan New Car Assessment Program
TNCAP
Taiwan New Car Assessment Program| TNCAP |
| :--- |
| Taiwan New Car Assessment Program |
Model 3
2018
2022 IIHS
2022
2022 IIHS
2022| 2022 IIHS |
| :--- |
| 2022 |
顶级安全之选＋
TOP
SAFETY PICK＋
TOP
SAFETY PICK＋| TOP |
| :--- |
| SAFETY PICK＋ |
2025
2025
2021 年度最高评级 乘员安全 主动安全
Top Rating
Occupant Safety
Active Safety 2021
Top Rating
Occupant Safety
Active Safety 2021| Top Rating |
| :--- |
| Occupant Safety |
| Active Safety 2021 |
2025
Model Y
2020
2024 年 IIHS 2024 年度
2024 IIHS
2024
2024 IIHS
2024| 2024 IIHS |
| :--- |
| 2024 |
顶级安全之选＋
TOP
SAFETY PICK＋
TOP
SAFETY PICK＋| TOP |
| :--- |
| SAFETY PICK＋ |
2022 年度最佳车型
Best in Class
2022
Best in Class
2022| Best in Class |
| :--- |
| 2022 |
2022 年度最佳表现
Top Performer
2022
Top Performer
2022| Top Performer |
| :--- |
| 2022 |
2021 年度乘员安全/行人安全/主动安全最高评级
Top Rating
Occupant Safety Pedestrian Safety Active Safety 2021
Top Rating
Occupant Safety Pedestrian Safety Active Safety 2021| Top Rating |
| :--- |
| Occupant Safety Pedestrian Safety Active Safety 2021 |
2025
Model S
2013
2022 年最佳车型
Best in Class
2022
Best in Class
2022| Best in Class |
| :--- |
| 2022 |
2014
Model X
2017
2019 年最佳车型
Best in Class
2019
Best in Class
2019| Best in Class |
| :--- |
| 2019 |
2019 年度最佳表现者
Top Performer
2019
Top Performer
2019| Top Performer |
| :--- |
| 2019 |
Cybertruck Cybertruck 电动皮卡
2024
◻ NHTSA IIIS HLDI "EURO
A^("SAFER ")C_("总 ") NCAP" "ANCAP
SAFETY" "CIASI
中国保险汽车安全指数" "TNCAP
Taiwan New Car Assessment Program"
Model 3 2018 "2022 IIHS
2022" "TOP
SAFETY PICK＋" 2025 2025 "Top Rating
Occupant Safety
Active Safety 2021" 2025
Model Y 2020 "2024 IIHS
2024" "TOP
SAFETY PICK＋" "Best in Class
2022" "Top Performer
2022" "Top Rating
Occupant Safety Pedestrian Safety Active Safety 2021" 2025
Model S 2013 "Best in Class
2022" 2014
Model X 2017 "Best in Class
2019" "Top Performer
2019"
Cybertruck 2024 | | $\square$ NHTSA | | IIIS HLDI | EURO <br> $A^{\text {SAFER }} C_{\text {总 }}$ NCAP | ANCAP <br> SAFETY | CIASI <br> 中国保险汽车安全指数 | TNCAP <br> Taiwan New Car Assessment Program |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Model 3 | 2018 | 2022 IIHS <br> 2022 | TOP <br> SAFETY PICK＋ | 2025 | 2025 | Top Rating <br> Occupant Safety <br> Active Safety 2021 | 2025 |
| Model Y | 2020 | 2024 IIHS <br> 2024 | TOP <br> SAFETY PICK＋ | Best in Class <br> 2022 | Top Performer <br> 2022 | Top Rating <br> Occupant Safety Pedestrian Safety Active Safety 2021 | 2025 |
| Model S | 2013 | | | Best in Class <br> 2022 | 2014 | | |
| Model X | 2017 | | | Best in Class <br> 2019 | Top Performer <br> 2019 | | |
| Cybertruck | 2024 | | | | | | |
Exceeding safety standards across four continents (cont'd) 超越四大洲安全标准（续）
Cybertruck has earned a five-star overall safety rating from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), marking a significant milestone for the electric pickup. This rating applies to both 2024 and 2025 models. Cybertruck achieved five stars in the side crash tests for both front and rear seats, demonstrating exceptional protection in side-impact scenarios. Cybertruck also had the lowest probability of rollover of any pickup truck ever tested, with a rollover risk of 12.4%. Cybertruck 已获得美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)五星整体安全评级，标志着这款电动皮卡的重要里程碑。该评级适用于 2024 和 2025 款车型。Cybertruck 在前排和后排座椅的侧面碰撞测试中均获得五星评级，展现了卓越的侧面碰撞保护能力。在所有经过测试的皮卡车型中，Cybertruck 还创下了最低的 12.4%侧翻概率记录。
Five-star safety rating from NHTSA 美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)五星安全评级
We design our vehicles to be as safe as possible 我们设计的车辆力求达到最高安全标准
Tesla vehicles are engineered to be the safest in the world. They are equipped with specially designed crumple zones, airbags and pre-tensioning seatbelts, among other technologies. Beyond our five-star safety ratings, we strive to continually learn more about passive and active safety from our fleet. 特斯拉汽车以全球最安全标准打造，配备特别设计的溃缩区、安全气囊和预紧式安全带等技术。除了五星安全评级外，我们还持续从车队数据中学习被动与主动安全技术。
All Tesla vehicles built since October 2016 come with external cameras, additional sensors and onboard computing that enable advanced safety features like Automatic Emergency Braking, Lane Departure Warning, Forward and Side Collision Warning, Obstacle-Aware Acceleration, Blind Spot Monitoring, vulnerable roaduser detection and more-all of which get better over time through over-the-air software updates. 2016 年 10 月起生产的所有特斯拉车型均配备外部摄像头、额外传感器和车载计算平台，支持自动紧急制动、车道偏离预警、前后侧碰撞预警、障碍物感应加速、盲点监测、弱势道路使用者检测等先进安全功能——这些功能都能通过空中软件升级持续优化。
We deploy these updates remotely—no Service visit needed. Connectivity is a hallmark of Tesla ownership and software updates enhance the customer experience. 我们通过远程推送实现更新——无需进店服务。互联功能是特斯拉的重要特性，软件升级不断优化用户体验。
Our Safety Principles 我们的安全原则
Safety is core to our customer experience 安全是我们客户体验的核心
The safest crash is no crash 最安全的碰撞就是零碰撞
Safety Optimization is fleet-data driven and deployed at scale 安全优化基于车队数据驱动并大规模部署
Not all active safety
systems are created equal 并非所有主动安全系统都生而平等
Our active safety features are powered by cameras, a neural-net computer and learnings from our fleet of nearly eight million vehicles, which have cumulatively driven billions of miles. 我们的主动安全功能由摄像头、神经网络计算机以及来自近 800 万辆特斯拉车队的学习数据驱动，这些车辆累计行驶里程已达数十亿英里。
Built on a deep neural network, Tesla Vision deconstructs the vehicle’s environment at greater levels of reliability than classic vision processing techniques can. The system also continually improves over time with accumulated fleet miles. 基于深度神经网络构建的特斯拉视觉系统，能以超越传统视觉处理技术的可靠性水平解析车辆周围环境。该系统还会随着车队累计里程的增加而持续优化。
Autopilot technology includes the hardware and software necessary to operate active safety features, Autopilot and FSD (Supervised). 自动驾驶技术包含运行主动安全功能、Autopilot 和 FSD（监督版）所需的硬件和软件。
Autopilot technology makes our vehicles safer 自动驾驶技术让我们的车辆更安全
Miles Driven Before One Accident 每起事故前行驶里程
(2024)
启用自动驾驶技术的特斯拉车辆
Tesla Vehicles
With Autopilot
Technology Engaged
Tesla Vehicles
With Autopilot
Technology Engaged| Tesla Vehicles |
| :--- |
| With Autopilot |
| Technology Engaged |
6.77 M 677 万英里
未启用自动驾驶技术的特斯拉车辆
Tesla Vehicles
Without Autopilot
Technology Engaged
Tesla Vehicles
Without Autopilot
Technology Engaged| Tesla Vehicles |
| :--- |
| Without Autopilot |
| Technology Engaged |
1.18 M 118 万
全美平均总数*
Total
U.S. National Average*
Total
U.S. National Average*| Total |
| :--- |
| U.S. National Average* |
c1ccc(N2CC2)cc1
(2024)
"Tesla Vehicles
With Autopilot
Technology Engaged" 6.77 M
"Tesla Vehicles
Without Autopilot
Technology Engaged" 1.18 M
"Total
U.S. National Average*" c1ccc(N2CC2)cc1| (2024) | |
| :--- | :--- |
| Tesla Vehicles <br> With Autopilot <br> Technology Engaged | 6.77 M |
| Tesla Vehicles <br> Without Autopilot <br> Technology Engaged | 1.18 M |
| Total <br> U.S. National Average* | <smiles>c1ccc(N2CC2)cc1</smiles> |
Every FSD (Supervised) release is rigorously tested 每个 FSD（监督版）版本都经过严格测试
Thanks to our installed base of nearly eight million vehicles and video data from accumulated fleet miles, we can identify rare and challenging scenarios and train our FSD (Supervised) neural nets to handle these situations more safely than the average human driver. 得益于我们近 800 万辆的已安装车辆基数及累计车队里程的视频数据，我们能够识别罕见且具有挑战性的场景，并训练 FSD（Supervised）神经网络以比普通人类驾驶员更安全的方式处理这些情况。
The average person may drive half a million miles in their lifetime, whereas we are training our software on billions of miles of real-world data. We are not satisfied with simply being safer than human drivers, we strive to achieve outcomes that are several orders of magnitude safer than the average human driver. 普通人一生中可能驾驶 50 万英里，而我们的软件正在基于数十亿英里的真实世界数据进行训练。我们不仅满足于比人类驾驶员更安全，更致力于实现比普通人类驾驶员安全数个数量级的驾驶结果。
The following to the right are 16 real-world examples that we have trained FSD (Supervised) to navigate, resulting in safer outcomes for our customers and other road users. 右侧展示了 16 个我们训练 FSD（Supervised）应对的真实案例，这些案例为我们的客户和其他道路使用者带来了更安全的行驶结果。
FSD (Supervised) Training Examples FSD（Supervised）训练案例集
Left turn cut-in 左转切入
Parallel cut-in (occluded) 并行切入（被遮挡情况）
Yield for oncoming traffic during overtake 超车时对向车辆让行
Stop sign right-of-way violator 闯停让标志路权违规者
Door opening during overtake 超车时车门开启
Right turn harsh braking 右转急刹
Left turn across path 左转横穿路径
Cut-out to static cone 切入静态锥桶
Dynamic debris (dropped cone) 动态障碍物（掉落锥桶）
We are seeing dramatically safer outcomes when our drivers use FSD (Supervised) and offer discounts to those who have both Tesla Insurance and FSD (Supervised) (where allowed). The more often FSD (Supervised) is enabled, the bigger the discount is on insurance premiums for certain types of coverage on Tesla Insurance policies. 数据显示，当驾驶员使用 FSD（监督版）时，行车安全性显著提升。同时我们为同时拥有特斯拉保险和 FSD（监督版）的用户（在允许地区）提供保费折扣。FSD（监督版）使用频率越高，特斯拉保险特定险种的保费折扣幅度越大。
Drivers who enroll in Tesla Insurance receive a Safety Score ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }}. Instead of determining a driver’s insurance premium from demographic information (gender, age, education or marital status) and financial history (credit score), our algorithm calculates a Safety Score ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }} based on actual driving behavior, where available. 加入特斯拉保险的驾驶员将获得安全评分 ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }} 。我们的算法不再依据人口统计信息（性别、年龄、教育程度或婚姻状况）和财务历史（信用评分）来确定保费，而是根据实际驾驶行为（在可获取情况下）计算安全评分 ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }} 。
Our data shows a lower rate of collision for the cohort of drivers who have enabled Safety Score ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }}. As a driver’s Safety Score ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }} increases, the number of collisions per mile decreases and insurance premiums reduce. 数据表明，启用安全评分 ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }} 的驾驶员群体事故率更低。随着驾驶员安全评分 ^("Beta "){ }^{\text {Beta }} 的提升，每英里事故发生率会下降，相应保险费率也会降低。
Forced Autopilot disengagement (driver not paying attention) 强制退出 Autopilot（驾驶员未注意路况）
Late-night driving 深夜驾驶
Excessive speeding 超速行驶
Unbuckled driving 未系安全带驾驶
Our products get better over time 我们的产品会随时间不断优化
Tesla pioneered the idea that vehicles can improve and become more capable over time by ensuring every Tesla vehicles produced since 2012 can receive over-the-air software updates. Over-the-air software updates have delivered improvements like increased range through battery management optimization, better thermal management in cold-weather, new features like Sentry Mode and more. 特斯拉开创了车辆能够随时间推移不断改进和增强功能的理念，确保自 2012 年以来生产的每辆特斯拉都能接收空中软件更新。这些空中软件更新带来了诸多改进，例如通过电池管理优化增加续航里程、提升寒冷天气下的热管理性能，以及新增哨兵模式等功能。
These updates have introduced new features and functionalities that make our vehicles smarter, safer and more fun to drive. We have also used over-the-air updates to ensure our vehicles are as secure as possible when they are delivered and continue to be as secure as possible over their lifetime. 这些更新引入了新特性和功能，使我们的车辆更智能、更安全且驾驶乐趣更佳。我们还通过空中更新确保车辆交付时具备最高安全性，并在整个生命周期内持续保持最佳安全状态。
In 2024 alone, we deployed over 300 new or updated features to our owners worldwide. Additionally, 99% of recalls that were reported for Tesla vehicles in 2024 were resolved using over-the-air software updates-allowing our customers to skip Service center visits, maximizing their convenience and saving them time. 仅在 2024 年，我们就向全球车主推送了 300 多项新增或优化功能。此外，2024 年特斯拉车辆 99%的召回问题都通过空中软件更新解决——让客户无需前往服务中心，极大提升了便利性并节省了时间。
250+
new or updated features deployed to owners globally 向全球车主推送的新增或优化功能数量
99%
of recalls reported in 2024 2024 年报告的召回事件
resolved through over-the-air 通过空中升级
updates 解决
Leading the industry in fire safety 在防火安全方面引领行业
We design our batteries to minimize the likelihood of thermal runaway becoming a fire. This is one of the reasons why our rate of vehicle fires is about eight-times less than the average vehicle. To support a safe transition to sustainable energy, we share safety techniques with the entire industry. 我们设计的电池系统旨在最大限度降低热失控引发火灾的可能性。这正是特斯拉车辆起火率约为行业平均水平八分之一的原因之一。为支持向可持续能源的安全转型，我们与整个行业共享安全技术。
We publish updated fire safety statistics in our Vehicle Safety Report as they become available. As we rely on non-digital information for some of these cases, there can be a delay between when an incident occurs, when we are notified and when it is included in our statistics. Therefore, to better reflect what we have learned about fire events involving Tesla vehicles, we now collect annual vehicle fire data for a year before publishing to ensure we have captured all known events. 我们会在《车辆安全报告》中定期更新火灾安全统计数据。由于部分案例依赖非数字化信息收集，从事故发生、到我们获知、再到纳入统计可能存在时间延迟。为确保完整记录所有已知事件，我们现在采用年度数据收集机制——将全年车辆火灾数据汇总后再行发布，以更准确地反映特斯拉车辆相关火灾事件的情况。
For more information about our methodology, see our Vehicle Safety Report 有关统计方法的详细信息，请参阅我们的《车辆安全报告》
Vehicle Fires per Billion Miles Driven 每行驶十亿英里车辆起火次数
(2023)
Tesla
United States
6.5
55.0 特斯拉美国 6.5 55.0
Powering a sustainable energy future 驱动可持续能源的未来
Electrifying transportation requires ensuring that the grid is simultaneously clean and resilient. Tesla’s energy ecosystem is designed to scale global energy infrastructure so that clean energy is available where and when it is needed most. 实现交通电气化需要确保电网同时具备清洁性和可靠性。特斯拉的能源生态系统旨在扩展全球能源基础设施，让清洁能源在最需要的时间和地点可用。
Electrification and the exponential growth of AI and data centers are driving energy demand. Tesla’s integrated approach enables a future of sustainable energy that is cleaner, more affordable and more reliable for everyone. 电气化以及人工智能和数据中心的指数级增长正在推动能源需求。特斯拉的综合解决方案为所有人带来更清洁、更经济、更可靠的可持续能源未来。
Global electricity demand rose by 4.3% in 2024 compared to 2.5%2.5 \% in 2023 and is projected to continue to increase by roughly 4% through 2027. Energy storage will be critical in managing this increase in demand. 2024 年全球电力需求较 2023 年增长 4.3%，预计到 2027 年将保持约 4%的年增长率。储能技术对应对这一需求增长至关重要。
Batteries provide critical reliability and stability to the grid 电池为电网提供关键的可靠性与稳定性保障
Batteries increase grid reliability and stability by storing excess renewable energy for use during periods of high demand. In California, for example, where solar generation is high, batteries charge during the day as solar energy is available and discharge in the evening when solar generation goes down and electricity demand goes up. 电池通过储存过剩的可再生能源并在用电高峰时段释放，显著提升电网可靠性和稳定性。以太阳能发电量高的加利福尼亚州为例：电池在白天太阳能充足时充电，在傍晚太阳能发电下降而用电需求上升时放电。
Between 7 PM and 10 PM on April 30, 2024, batteries supplied more than one-fifth of California’s electricity. Tesla has 10+ GWh of industrial energy storage products deployed in California, roughly one third of the state’s total battery supply. 2024 年 4 月 30 日晚 7 点至 10 点期间，电池供电量占加州总用电量的五分之一以上。特斯拉在加州部署的工业储能产品容量超过 10 吉瓦时，约占该州电池总供应量的三分之一。
Batteries Powering California 为加州供电的电池
Average Daily Generation by Fuel Type (2021 vs. 2024) 按燃料类型划分的平均日发电量（2021 年对比 2024 年）
A complete ecosystem for reliable, cost-effective energy 构建可靠、经济高效能源的完整生态系统
We have a full ecosystem of energy products-including hardware, software and services-across generation and storage, with in-house experts available to assist throughout every step of a project, from design to deployment through end of life. This integrated energy ecosystem allows us to provide affordable and reliable products that enable greater global sustainability. 我们拥有涵盖发电和储能领域的完整能源产品生态系统——包括硬件、软件和服务，并配备内部专家团队，可在项目从设计到部署直至报废的每个阶段提供支持。这种集成的能源生态系统使我们能够提供经济实惠且可靠的产品，从而推动全球可持续发展。
Residential energy products allow businesses and homeowners to generate, store and consume their own energy, lowering electricity costs and reducing exposure to grid outages. Megapack utility-scale storage supports the integration of grid-scale renewables, making it possible to achieve cleaner, affordable, efficient and resilient energy systems. 住宅能源产品让企业和家庭用户能够自主发电、储电和用电，降低电力成本并减少电网停电的影响。Megapack 公用事业级储能系统支持电网规模可再生能源并网，助力构建更清洁、经济、高效且具有韧性的能源体系。
As the world transitions to renewable energy sources like solar and wind, batteries help balance supply and demand and offer stability services to prevent grid outages reducing our reliance on fossil fuel peaker plants and enhancing grid stability. Batteries also enable backup power and faster grid restoration when outages occur. 随着全球向太阳能和风能等可再生能源转型，电池储能可平衡供需关系，提供电网稳定服务以防止停电，从而减少对化石燃料调峰电厂的依赖并增强电网稳定性。当停电发生时，电池储能还能提供备用电源并加速电网恢复。
Renewable energy and storage are already cost competitive 可再生能源与储能在成本上已具备竞争优势
Megapack paired with solar PV is cheaper per MWh than many fossil fuel alternatives. When considering the total cost of ownership, the long-term economics are more favorable thanks to lower maintenance costs, no fuel expenses and longer lifespans. Megapack 2 XL has almost 4 MWh of battery storage capacity and, given its scalability, can support projects of over 2 GWh. Megapack 与光伏发电配套使用的每兆瓦时成本已低于多数化石燃料替代方案。考虑到全生命周期成本，得益于更低的维护费用、零燃料支出和更长使用寿命，其长期经济效益更具优势。Megapack 2 XL 电池储能容量近 4 兆瓦时，凭借其可扩展性，可支持超过 2 吉瓦时的项目部署。
Source: Tesla 2024 analysis. Megapack 2 XL figures include our four-hour duration product and are based on Tesla estimates. These figures include firming costs to account for Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC), as well as augmentation costs. They do not include upfront costs such as interconnection. High and low ranges are based on variability in installed cost and solar capacity factors. Costs are based on the Lazard Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) v17 published in May 2024 and include the Revised Section 301 tariff of 25%25 \%. 来源：特斯拉 2024 年分析报告。Megapack 2 XL 数据包含我们四小时储能时长产品，并基于特斯拉预估。这些数据涵盖考虑有效负载承载能力（ELCC）的稳定成本以及扩容成本，但不包含前期费用（如并网成本）。高低值区间基于安装成本和太阳能容量因数的可变性。成本计算基于 2024 年 5 月发布的 Lazard 平准化能源成本（LCOE）v17 版本，并包含修订版 301 条款关税 25%25 \% 。
Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison for Megapack and Conventional Resources Megapack 与传统能源的平准化度电成本对比($/MWh) （美元/兆瓦时）
Growing storage deployments provide grid stability and resiliency 储能部署规模扩大增强电网稳定性与韧性
In 2024, Megapack deployments grew by more than 110%110 \% compared to the previous year. By year-end, we had deployed a total of 47 GWh of industrial energy storage systems across over 2,000 projects in more than 60 countries. Of this, over 23 GWh are already in operation. The remaining capacity is in the final stages of delivery, installation or commissioning and will come online in the near term. 2024 年，Megapack 部署量较上年增长超过 110%110 \% 。截至年底，我们已在全球 60 多个国家的 2000 多个项目中部署了总计 47 吉瓦时的工业储能系统，其中超过 23 吉瓦时已投入运营。剩余容量正处于交付、安装或调试的最后阶段，将在近期并网运行。
Powerwall deliveries grew 41% year over year. Tesla has expanded its network of Powerwall installers by partnering with certified installation companies and expanding its training programs to ensure a larger, more accessible installation workforce. Powerwall 交付量同比增长 41%。特斯拉通过与认证安装公司合作并扩大培训计划，扩展了 Powerwall 安装网络，以确保拥有规模更大、覆盖更广的安装团队。
With over 3,200 installers globally, this initiative aims to increase adoption by making the installation process faster, more reliable and available to a broader range of customers. 全球拥有超过 3,200 家安装商，该计划旨在通过使安装过程更快速、更可靠，并面向更广泛的客户群体，来提高产品采用率。
Megapack is designed with safety and performance in mind Megapack 的设计兼顾安全性与高性能表现
Tesla’s global industrial energy fleet performs with an average availability of 99.2%99.2 \% in almost every condition across four out of five Koppen climate zones. Tesla has a proven track record of >99% on-time delivery across projects to date, and in 2024, deployed projects up to 2 GWh in size. 特斯拉全球工业能源设备群在五大柯本气候带中的四种环境下均保持平均 99.2%99.2 \% 的可用率。特斯拉迄今保持着>99%项目按时交付的可靠记录，并在 2024 年完成了规模高达 2 吉瓦时的项目部署。
Specific to Tesla’s latest, sixth-generation industrial product, Megapack 2 XL, 13+ GWh or 4,000+ units are operating safely, as certified and tested, with 99.6% average annual guaranteed availability.* 就特斯拉最新第六代工业产品 Megapack 2 XL 而言，经认证测试，已有 13+吉瓦时（4000+台）设备安全运行，年均保障可用率达 99.6%。*
*Annual guaranteed availability as defined by the average power availability percentage over the evaluation period, considering projects with contracted availability guarantee, and projects that have been operational for at least 30 days since system commissioning completion. *年均保障可用率定义为评估期内平均电力可用百分比，统计范围包含：签订可用率保障合约的项目，以及系统调试完成后至少运行 30 天的项目。
99.2%
average availability of Tesla global industrial energy fleet 特斯拉全球工业能源设备平均可用率
99.6%
average availability for Megapack 2 XL Megapack 2 XL 平均可用率
99%
on-time delivery for industrial energy storage products 工业储能产品准时交付率
Megapack is designed with safety and performance in mind (cont'd) Megapack 的设计兼顾安全性与性能（续）
Tesla continuously improves the safety of its products through iterative development that is informed by our large deployed and operating fleet. 特斯拉通过基于大规模已部署运营车队数据的迭代开发，持续提升其产品的安全性。
Proven through extensive testing, Megapack is designed as a single system with purpose-built, vertically integrated hardware and controls systems that significantly reduce the risk of injury or property damage during commissioning and operation. 经过广泛测试验证的 Megapack 被设计为单一系统，采用专为用途打造、垂直集成的硬件和控制系统，可显著降低调试和运行过程中人员受伤或财产损失的风险。
Both passive and active safety approaches across electrical and mechanical sub-systems mitigate hazards associated with thermal runaway propagation, deflagration and fire. 电气和机械子系统采用被动与主动相结合的安全方案，有效缓解热失控蔓延、爆燃和火灾相关风险。
In the rare event of a fire, Megapack is designed to prevent the spread to adjacent units and to minimize the environmental impact to communities. 在极少数发生火灾的情况下，Megapack 的设计能防止火势蔓延至相邻单元，并将对周边社区的环境影响降至最低。
Expanding residential storage 扩展住宅储能
We launched our Powerwall 3 expansion unit in 2024, offering an additional 13.5 kWh of storage capacity at $2,000\$ 2,000 less than the cost of a base Powerwall 3 unit. The design cuts installation time in half ( 22 minutes versus 45 minutes) and allows for side-by-side and stacked configurations, making it a more efficient and cost-effective solution for homeowners expanding their energy storage systems. 我们在 2024 年推出了 Powerwall 3 扩展单元，以比基础款 Powerwall 3 低 $2,000\$ 2,000 的价格提供额外 13.5 千瓦时的储能容量。该设计将安装时间缩短一半（22 分钟对比 45 分钟），并支持并排和堆叠配置，为业主扩展储能系统提供了更高效且经济实惠的解决方案。
Backup Switch quickly disconnects homes from the grid during outages, automatically transitioning the home’s power source to Powerwall. It reduces installation time by over six hours, fitting behind the utility meter while eliminating the need for extensive rewiring or additional panels. Designed for a 21-year service life and meeting rigorous safety standards, Backup Switch provides whole-home backup with real-time energy monitoring. Backup Switch 可在停电时快速将住宅与电网断开，自动将家庭电源切换至 Powerwall。它减少了超过 6 小时的安装时间，安装在电表后方，无需大规模重新布线或额外配电板。Backup Switch 设计寿命达 21 年，符合严格的安全标准，提供全屋备用电源及实时能源监控功能。
Powershare launched in 2024, enabling Cybertruck owners to transform their trucks into mobile backup energy systems. The technology uses the high-capacity battery onboard Cybertruck to provide backup energy to homes and devices, offering a solution during power outages and meeting off-grid energy needs. In 2024, Powershare supported over 20,000 backup events. Powershare 于 2024 年推出，使 Cybertruck 车主能将车辆转变为移动备用能源系统。该技术利用 Cybertruck 搭载的高容量电池为家庭和设备提供备用电力，在停电时提供解决方案并满足离网能源需求。2024 年期间，Powershare 已支持超过 20,000 次备用供电事件。
Megapack provides critical stability and reliability services, as demonstrated on Australia’s power grid. Megapack 提供关键的电网稳定性和可靠性服务，这一点已在澳大利亚电网中得到验证。
Megapack functions as a grid buffer, rapidly injecting or absorbing power to maintain frequency stabilitysimilar to how cruise control regulates vehicle speed. This real-time balancing helps prevent disruptions and supports reliable grid operations. Megapack 作为电网缓冲装置，能快速注入或吸收电力以维持频率稳定，其原理类似于巡航控制系统调节车速。这种实时平衡有助于防止电网中断，保障电网可靠运行。
In Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM), 16 Tesla industrial storage sites responded during a contingency event in Q4 2024 by providing Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) grid stability and avoiding blackouts. 2024 年第四季度，在澳大利亚国家电力市场(NEM)的应急事件中，16 个特斯拉工业储能站点通过提供频率控制辅助服务(FCAS)保障了电网稳定，避免了停电事故。
Megapack Provides Grid Stability in Australia Megapack 为澳大利亚电网提供稳定性
(Enabling Rapid Frequency Response) （实现快速频率响应）
Contingency Event Boundary 应急事件边界
NEM Under-Frequency Event (November 22, 2024) 国家电力市场低频事件（2024 年 11 月 22 日）
and typically occurs when a generator fails or there is damage to the transmission network. 这种情况通常发生在发电机故障或输电网络受损时。
Virtual power plants provide critical services to the grid 虚拟电厂为电网提供关键服务
Tesla Virtual Power Plant (VPP) programs utilize the energy stored in thousands of Powerwall units in people’s homes throughout a given community to produce a network of on-demand energy that supports their local energy grid at critical times. In 2024, Tesla VPPs delivered 2.8 GWh of energy to the grid, with a total capacity of over 750 MW. Over 100,000 Powerwall units were enrolled in VPPs globally at the end of 2024. 特斯拉虚拟电厂（VPP）项目通过整合社区数千户家庭 Powerwall 储能系统的能量，构建了一个按需响应的能源网络，在关键时刻为当地电网提供支持。2024 年，特斯拉虚拟电厂向电网输送了 2.8 吉瓦时电能，总容量超过 750 兆瓦。截至 2024 年底，全球已有超过 10 万台 Powerwall 设备接入虚拟电厂项目。
Tesla VPPs provide three main forms of grid services to enhance reliability and flexibility. The first, critical capacity, involves emergency demand response in markets like California and Puerto Rico, addressing generation shortages with rapid deployment. The second, market integrated services, includes traditional energy services such as non-spin in ERCOT, regulation in New England, and imbalance management in the UK. The third, grid stability, features fast frequency response in Australia, offering ‘stiffness’ or inertia to stabilize the grid. 特斯拉虚拟电厂主要提供三类电网服务以提升可靠性和灵活性：首先是关键容量服务，在加州和波多黎各等市场实施紧急需求响应，通过快速部署应对发电短缺；其次是市场集成服务，包括 ERCOT 电网的非旋转备用、新英格兰地区的调频服务以及英国的不平衡管理等传统能源服务；最后是电网稳定服务，在澳大利亚提供快速频率响应，通过"刚性"或惯性支撑来稳定电网。
Powerwall Units Enrolled in VPPs 参与虚拟电厂计划的 Powerwall 储能单元
Energy storage provides communities with energy resilience 储能系统为社区提供能源韧性保障
Hawai’i set a first-in-the-nation goal to eliminate fossil fuel electricity generation by 2045. In 2022, the retirement of Oahu’s last coal plant marked a major milestone, driving the deployment of a standalone industrial battery system. 夏威夷率先设定了到 2045 年完全淘汰化石燃料发电的目标。2022 年，瓦胡岛最后一座煤电厂退役成为重要里程碑，推动部署了独立工业级电池储能系统。
Plus Power’s 185 MW/565 MWh Megapack 2 XL facility is one of the largest standalone industrial battery systems in the world providing critical gridforming services. The facility helps regulate grid frequency, supplies inertial response and has the ability to restart and restore electricity to the grid after a total power outage. Plus Power 公司 185 兆瓦/565 兆瓦时的 Megapack 2 XL 设施是全球规模最大的独立工业电池系统之一，提供关键的构网型服务。该设施有助于调节电网频率，提供惯性响应，并具备在全网停电后重启和恢复供电的能力。
The Kapolei Energy Storage facility has the capacity to support roughly 17%17 \% of the electrical peak load on Oahu and will reduce renewable energy curtailment on the island by 69%69 \% over the next five years. Kapolei 储能设施的容量可满足瓦胡岛约 17%17 \% 的电力峰值负荷需求，并将在未来五年内将该岛可再生能源弃电量减少 69%69 \% 。
Powerwall provides critical grid support in Puerto Rico Powerwall 为波多黎各电网提供关键支持
Puerto Rico’s energy infrastructure faces regular disruptions. In 2024, Tesla’s VPP project supported 7,112 Powerwall-enabled homes, contributing 444 MWh of energy to the grid capable of offsetting 38 MW of peak demand during summer heat waves, which represents a 1.2% reduction in Puerto Rico’s peak electricity demand. In addition to providing grid services, customers earned $1//kWh\$ 1 / \mathrm{kWh} for their contributions during these critical events. 波多黎各能源基础设施经常面临中断问题。2024 年，特斯拉虚拟电厂项目接入了 7,112 个配备 Powerwall 的家庭，向电网输送了 444 兆瓦时能源，在夏季热浪期间可抵消 38 兆瓦的峰值需求，相当于使波多黎各峰值电力需求降低了 1.2%。除了提供电网服务外，参与客户在这些关键事件期间还获得了 $1//kWh\$ 1 / \mathrm{kWh} 的收益。
Powerwall Units Enrolled in VPPs 参与虚拟电厂计划的 Powerwall 储能单元
Ramping energy manufacturing to meet demand 扩大能源生产规模以满足需求
There is near limitless demand for energy storage with an accelerated transition to renewable energy sources. Tesla is committed to investing in manufacturing to meet this demand. 随着向可再生能源的加速转型，对储能的需求几乎无限增长。特斯拉致力于投资生产以满足这一需求。
Our Megafactory in Lathrop, CA is the largest utilityscale battery facility in North America with an annual manufacturing capacity of 40+GWh40+\mathrm{GWh}. 我们位于加州拉思罗普的 Megafactory 是北美最大的公用事业规模电池生产基地，年产能达 40+GWh40+\mathrm{GWh} 。
Megafactory Shanghai went from design to operation in nine months, with operations beginning in Q1 2025 for a combined total manufacturing capacity of 80 GWh annually. We also announced plans for our third Megafactory in Texas. 上海超级工厂从设计到投产仅用九个月时间，于 2025 年第一季度投入运营，年总产能达 80 吉瓦时。我们还宣布了在德克萨斯州建设第三座超级工厂的计划。
Tesla is expanding its manufacturing capacity at Gigafactory Nevada to support the production of over 700,000 Powerwall units annually, the equivalent of 10 GWh of backup storage. This includes scaling battery pack assembly lines and optimizing production efficiencies to meet growing demand for residential energy storage. 特斯拉正在扩大内华达超级工厂的制造产能，以支持每年生产超过 70 万个 Powerwall 储能单元，相当于 10 吉瓦时的备用储能容量。这包括扩大电池包组装生产线和优化生产效率，以满足日益增长的家庭储能需求。
In 2024, the Tesla Manufacturing Team at Gigafactory Nevada set a record by producing over 1,500 Powerwall units in 24 hours. 2024 年，特斯拉内华达超级工厂制造团队创造了 24 小时内生产超过 1500 个 Powerwall 的纪录。
Autobidder was ranked the top energy storage optimization software Autobidder 被评为顶级储能优化软件
Autobidder-our real-time trading platform for gridscale battery storage-has been operating since 2017 with over 7 GWh of energy storage managed globally. Autobidder——我们的电网级电池储能实时交易平台——自 2017 年投入运营以来，已在全球管理超过 7GWh 的储能容量。
In 2022, 2023 and 2024, Autobidder was ranked the top energy storage optimization software in the U.K. by Lane Clark & Peacock (LCP) with the top three performing sites in 2024 all operated by Autobidder. Bouldercombe, Lake Bonney and Wallgrove ranked in the top three for performing storage sites in Australia in 2024 by Modo Energy. Gambit ranked number one in the Houston Load Zone, demonstrating consistent high performance in 2022, 2023 and 2024. 2022、2023 及 2024 年间，Autobidder 被 Lane Clark & Peacock（LCP）评为英国最佳储能优化软件，2024 年表现最优的三个储能站点均由 Autobidder 运营。根据 Modo Energy 数据，Bouldercombe、Lake Bonney 和 Wallgrove 位列 2024 年澳大利亚储能站点表现前三甲。Gambit 则在休斯顿负荷区域持续保持卓越表现，2022 至 2024 年间始终排名第一。
Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) 澳大利亚能源市场运营商（AEMO）
Energy Storage Projects Annualized Revenues 储能项目年化收益
Top 7 ($k/MW) 前七名（千美元/兆瓦）
Building a future powered by sustainable energy 构建可持续能源驱动的未来
To sustain our pace of innovation, we must attract, develop and retain a talented workforce. As of 2024, Tesla has created over 125,000 clean energy-related jobs globally. Our programs are designed to support students in the development of their skills, bringing the best candidates to Tesla and creating a workplace where all of our employees feel valued and can thrive. 为保持创新步伐，我们必须吸引、培养并留住人才队伍。截至 2024 年，特斯拉已在全球创造超过 125,000 个清洁能源相关工作岗位。我们的计划旨在支持学生技能发展，将最优秀的人才引入特斯拉，并打造一个让所有员工感到受重视且能茁壮成长的工作环境。
People & Community 人与社区
Preparing the Workforce 培养未来人才队伍
Centering Safety and Engagement 以安全与参与为核心
Inspiring the next generation of Tesla leaders 激励新一代特斯拉领导者
Inspiring the next generation of Tesla leaders 激励新一代特斯拉领导者
We build our talent pipeline by supporting and inspiring the next generation of Tesla leaders. 我们通过支持和激励下一代特斯拉领导者来构建人才梯队。
Our outreach programs aim to inspire young people to pursue careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). Our events spark curiosity and foster creativity. 我们的外展计划旨在激励年轻人投身 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域职业。我们的活动激发好奇心并培养创造力。
Developing pathways to careers in sustainability 开拓可持续发展领域的职业道路
We develop programs to attract the best talent and create new pathways for candidates to join Tesla. 我们制定各种计划以吸引顶尖人才，并为候选人加入特斯拉开辟新途径。
By providing learning opportunities in underserved communities, we are preparing more people for the careers of the future. 通过为资源不足的社区提供学习机会，我们正为更多人迎接未来职业做好准备。
Creating a workplace where talent can thrive 打造人才蓬勃发展的职场环境
We create a workplace where our colleagues can thrive and grow professionally. 我们营造了一个让同事能够茁壮成长并在职业上不断进步的工作环境。
Investments in education 教育领域的投资
Our investments in education aim to equip students with the skills necessary to be successful in school and at work. We support our education partners by providing the resources to deliver STEM curricula and training. By supporting those who live near our factories, we are investing in the long-term health of our communities. 我们对教育的投资旨在帮助学生掌握在学校和职场取得成功所需的技能。我们通过提供 STEM 课程资源和培训支持教育合作伙伴。通过支持工厂周边社区的居民，我们正在为社区的长期健康发展投资。
At Gigafactory Texas, we continued to support Robotics and Workforce Development Programs in the Del Valle Independent School District (DVISD). We developed the first Gigafactory Texas High School Robotics Lab to support DVISD’s Pathways in Technology Manufacturing Program. In 2024, Tesla invested over $1M to support community organizations. 在德克萨斯超级工厂，我们持续支持德尔瓦莱独立学区(DVISD)的机器人技术与劳动力发展项目。我们建立了首个德克萨斯超级工厂高中机器人实验室，以支持 DVISD 的技术制造通路计划。2024 年，特斯拉投资超过 100 万美元支持社区组织。
In New York, we invested $250,000\$ 250,000 in workforce development through our partnership with Northland Workforce Training Center (NWTC). Together, we launched a new cohort of Tesla’s Manufacturing Development Program and we supported NWTC in delivering its manufacturing development curriculum. 在纽约州，我们通过与北国劳动力培训中心(NWTC)的合作，投入 $250,000\$ 250,000 用于劳动力发展。我们共同启动了新一期特斯拉制造发展计划，并支持 NWTC 开展其制造发展课程。
We support programs that inspire the next generation 我们支持激励下一代的项目
Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day 带女孩认识工程日
In February, Tesla celebrates Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day, a national movement during Engineering Week that is focused on encouraging girls to learn about engineering as an impactful career path. 每年二月，特斯拉都会庆祝"带女孩认识工程日"，这是工程周期间的一项全国性活动，旨在鼓励女孩了解工程学这一具有影响力的职业道路。
Tesla first became involved in 2018 at Gigafactory Nevada and now holds an annual event across many Tesla sites with the goal of creating a fun, engaging learning experience for middle school girls. 特斯拉于 2018 年首次在内华达超级工厂启动相关活动，如今已在多个特斯拉基地举办年度活动，旨在为初中女生打造寓教于乐的学习体验。
During the day, students receive a behind-the-scenes tour of a Tesla facility, meet women working at Tesla and participate in hands-on STEM activities with employee volunteers. After our 2024 event, over 90% of participants wanted to come back to Tesla and over 70% wanted to pursue a career in engineering. 活动当天，学生们将参观特斯拉工厂幕后、结识女性员工代表，并在志愿者指导下参与 STEM 实践项目。2024 年活动结束后，超 90%参与者希望重返特斯拉，超 70%萌生了从事工程职业的意向。
Engineering Development Program 工程发展计划
In 2024, we launched our Engineering Development Program to train recent college and university graduates in specialized engineering fields. 2024 年我们启动了工程发展计划，专门培养高校应届毕业生成为工程领域专业人才。
In partnership with local education partners, the program educates early-career engineers in controls engineering, enhancing their knowledge of high-demand technologies for manufacturing. 该项目通过与当地教育合作伙伴协作，培养初入职场的工程师掌握控制工程技能，提升他们对制造业热门技术的认知水平。
Robotics Program 机器人项目
Tesla’s support of robotics programs creates a dynamic platform that fosters innovation and equips students with essential STEM skills for the future. 特斯拉对机器人项目的支持打造了一个充满活力的平台，既促进创新，又为学生装备未来所需的 STEM 关键技能。
Through robotics, students are empowered to work together while exploring creative ways to solve problems. Tesla supports schools with funding and by hosting events, with Tesla employees serving as in-classroom volunteers. In 2024, we continued to invest in programs in California, Nevada and Texas. 通过机器人项目，学生们被赋能以团队协作方式探索创造性解决问题的方法。特斯拉通过资金支持和举办活动来援助学校，并派遣员工作为课堂志愿者。2024 年，我们持续投资于加利福尼亚州、内华达州和德克萨斯州的相关项目。
Creating pathways to careers in sustainability 开辟可持续发展职业道路
Our workforce development programming is crucial to bringing in the best talent. It is essential that Tesla create pathways for future employees to cultivate the skills to fill the roles that are essential to building a sustainable future. 我们的员工发展计划对于引进顶尖人才至关重要。特斯拉必须为未来员工创造发展通道，培养他们掌握建设可持续未来所需的关键技能。
A core principle of our recruiting strategy is that the best talent does not always come through established recruiting channels. We are focused on attracting talent from all life paths and supporting their growth into leadership roles. Our recruiting efforts focus on providing opportunities for the strongest candidates, regardless of their age, gender identity, sexual orientation, country of origin or other immutable characteristics. 我们招聘战略的核心原则是：顶尖人才并不总是来自传统招聘渠道。我们致力于吸引来自各种人生轨迹的优秀人才，并支持他们成长为领导者。招聘工作聚焦于为最优秀的候选人提供机会，不论其年龄、性别认同、性取向、原籍国或其他固有特征。
To develop a pipeline of the best candidates from different backgrounds, we partner with top-talent universities and other organizations to run a variety of programs. Tesla continues to be an attractive employer with 4.65 M job applications received in 2024. 为了培养多元背景的优秀人才储备，我们与顶尖高校及其他组织合作开展各类项目。特斯拉持续保持极具吸引力的雇主地位，2024 年共收到 465 万份工作申请。
4.65 M 465 万
job applications received in 2024 2024 年收到的求职申请
Professional internships 专业实习项目
Our internship program is an important channel for discovering talented individuals who are passionate about sustainability. 我们的实习计划是发掘热爱可持续发展的优秀人才的重要渠道。
Every year, Tesla hires close to 4,000 university and community college students globally for internships across all business groups. We partner with campuses and student organizations to build a highquality pipeline of talent. 特斯拉每年在全球范围内招聘近 4000 名大学和社区学院学生，为各业务部门提供实习机会。我们与高校及学生组织合作，构建优质人才输送渠道。
From day one, our interns contribute to meaningful projects, often leading to full-time positions upon completion of their internships. 从入职第一天起，实习生就能参与重要项目，许多人在实习结束后直接转为正式员工。
Additional professional programs 其他专业人才计划
Military Fellowship Program 军人奖学金计划
Our Military Fellowship Program, in partnership with the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation’s Hire Our Heroes program, offers corporate industry experience to military service members. The program aims to convert high-performing individuals into full-time roles and create a veteran-talent pipeline. 我们的军事研究员计划与美国商会基金会"雇佣我们的英雄"项目合作，为现役军人提供企业行业经验。该计划旨在将表现优异者转为全职员工，并建立退伍军人人才输送渠道。
Apprenticeships 学徒计划
Tesla Apprenticeships is a multi-year program combining academic and on-the-job training to prepare specialists for skilled trades around the world. Apprentices complete between 2,000 and 8,000 hours of on-the-job training alongside courses hosted by local education partners throughout our manufacturing and service locations. The program ensures that graduates are well-qualified for technician roles across several disciplines. 特斯拉学徒计划是一个为期多年的项目，结合学术与在职培训，为全球各地的技术工种培养专业人才。学徒在我们各制造和服务基地完成 2000 至 8000 小时的在岗培训，同时参加当地教育合作伙伴提供的课程。该计划确保毕业生能胜任多个技术领域的岗位要求。
START (Manufacturing and Service) START（制造与服务）培训计划
Tesla START is an intensive training program that equips individuals with the skills needed to have a successful career as a technician at Tesla. We partner with colleges around the U.S. to integrate Tesla START into automotive and manufacturing classes. In 2024, the program was at 14 campuses and hired nearly 400 technicians. 特斯拉 START 是一项强化培训计划，旨在为学员提供成为特斯拉技术员所需的专业技能。我们与美国各地高校合作，将特斯拉 START 课程融入汽车制造类学科教学。2024 年，该项目已覆盖 14 所院校，累计聘用近 400 名技术员。
Technician Trainee Program (Service) 技术员培训计划（服务方向）
The Tesla Technician Trainee Program provides on-the-job automotive maintenance training at Tesla’s Service Centers. The program focuses on individuals currently enrolled in a school automotive or collision program and recent graduates with limited industry experience. The program prepares trainees for employment as entry-level service or collision technicians. In 2024, Tesla hired trainees across NA, EMEA and APAC. 特斯拉技术员培训计划在特斯拉服务中心提供汽车维修实操培训，主要面向汽修或钣喷专业在校生及行业经验不足的应届毕业生。该计划为学员胜任初级服务技师或钣喷技师岗位做好准备。2024 年，特斯拉在北美、欧洲中东非洲及亚太地区均开展了学员招聘。
Manufacturing Development Program 制造人才培养计划
Our global Manufacturing Development Programs are designed to provide graduating high school seniors and early-career individuals with the financial resources, coursework and experience they need to start a successful manufacturing career at Tesla. In 2024, we expanded the program to more campuses and hired over 700 graduates. In 2025, Tesla plans to hire over 1,000 participants across our factories. 我们的全球制造发展计划旨在为高中毕业生和职场新人提供财务支持、课程学习和实践经验，帮助他们在特斯拉开启成功的制造职业生涯。2024 年，我们将该计划扩展至更多校区，并招聘了 700 多名毕业生。2025 年，特斯拉计划在各工厂招聘超过 1000 名项目参与者。
Future Talent Program 未来人才计划
Future Talent is a flagship entry-level program we launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland. During the 12-month program, trainees have the opportunity to experience all key aspects of service, sales and delivery roles before making an informed decision about which career path they would like to specialize in full time upon completion of the program. The program is ideal for exploring careers within Tesla’s Service team. "未来人才"是我们在英国和爱尔兰推出的旗舰级入门项目。在这个为期 12 个月的培训中，学员有机会体验服务、销售和交付等所有关键岗位，从而在项目结束时能明智地选择自己希望全职专攻的职业方向。该项目是探索特斯拉服务团队职业发展的理想选择。
We continue to invest in our employees' development 我们持续投入员工发展培养
We continue to invest in our employees' development (cont'd) 我们持续投资于员工发展（续）
Education Assistance Program 教育援助计划
Tesla’s Education Assistance Program offers employees tuition-free and partially funded learning opportunities, including degrees, short-form certificates and programs for high-school completion or English-language learning. 特斯拉教育援助计划为员工提供免学费及部分资助的学习机会，包括学位课程、短期证书项目以及高中文凭或英语语言学习课程。
Launched in February 2024, the program has provided funding to 4,515 actively enrolled learners and 1,334 graduates acquiring valuable skills in manufacturing, engineering, artificial intelligence, supply chain management and leadership. 该计划于 2024 年 2 月启动，已为 4,515 名在籍学员和 1,334 名毕业生提供资助，帮助他们在制造、工程、人工智能、供应链管理和领导力等领域获得宝贵技能。
The program partners with top-ranked online institutions and local colleges, offering both flexible self-paced learning options and in-person applied training. 该项目与顶尖在线教育机构及本地高校合作，提供灵活的自主学习模式和线下应用培训两种选择。
FlexLearn and Dual Study Program 弹性学习与双元制教育计划
The FlexLearn and Dual Study Program provides employees opportunities to pursue their education goals across Europe. FlexLearn allows our employees to further develop with tailored training that aligns with the needs of our factories. 弹性学习与双元制教育计划为员工提供在欧洲范围内实现教育目标的机会。弹性学习模式通过定制化培训帮助员工持续成长，精准匹配我们工厂的发展需求。
The Dual Study Program combines theoretical knowledge with practical experience. Graduates of the program receive industry-related degrees. 双元制教育计划将理论知识与实践经验相结合。项目毕业生可获得与行业相关的学位认证。
Leadership growth and development training 领导力成长与发展培训
We launched an Upward Feedback program to engage leadership across the company as part of performance management and as a way of gauging employee sentiment. Our programmatic approach to leadership development includes a robust training series with new leader onboarding fundamentals and continued learning, which focuses on: 我们推出了"向上反馈"计划，旨在让公司各级领导层参与绩效管理，并以此衡量员工情绪。我们系统化的领导力发展方案包含一系列强有力的培训课程，涵盖新晋领导者入职基础培训和持续学习内容，重点聚焦以下方面：
Leadership essentials 领导力核心要素
Driving development 推动发展
Emotional intelligence 情商培养
Growth mindset 成长型思维
Communication 沟通
Feedback 反馈
Leading through transitions 转型领导力
Leading peers 行业领先者
Servant leadership 服务型领导力
Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队
Coaching 指导培养
Recognition 认可
Interviewing with intention 有目的的面试
We continue to invest in our employees' development (cont'd) 我们持续投资于员工发展（续）
Performance management 绩效管理
Tesla’s comprehensive performance management framework is designed to enhance performance evaluation, formal feedback, goal setting and support mechanisms. It encompasses crucial components such as personal and professional goal setting, self-assessment, performance evaluation and bi-annual review conversations. These elements align employee development with organizational objectives, resulting in heightened performance and overall success. In 2024, Tesla saw: 特斯拉的综合绩效管理框架旨在提升绩效评估、正式反馈、目标设定和支持机制。该体系包含个人与职业目标设定、自我评估、绩效评价及半年评审面谈等关键组成部分，将员工发展与组织目标紧密结合，从而提升整体绩效和成功度。2024 年，特斯拉实现了：
100% completion rate for bi-annual evaluation cycles 半年评估周期 100%完成率
61% completion rate for employee self-assessments in the first year of launch 新制度实施首年员工自评完成率达 61%
Engagement: Shout Outs 员工互动：点赞表彰
We continue to see tremendous growth in the utilization of our Shout Outs tool, with usage up 60%60 \% in 2024. This enables employees to recognize the achievements, contributions or impact of their colleagues. 我们继续看到"Shout Outs"工具的使用率大幅增长，2024 年使用量上升 60%60 \% 。该工具让员工能够认可同事的成就、贡献或影响力。
We also introduced a new tool: Appreciation Cards, where employees can express gratitude for their fellow employees. In just five weeks, over 24,000 Appreciation Cards were sent. Bringing visibility to excellent work gives direct feedback to employees and their managers, enabling leaders to see the impact teams are having. We also highlight engagement in key programs such as safety improvements or vehicle delivery volunteering and track career milestones. 我们还推出了新工具"感谢卡"，员工可通过此向同事表达谢意。仅五周内就发送了超过 24,000 张感谢卡。让优秀工作得到关注能为员工及其主管提供直接反馈，使领导者了解团队的影响力。我们还会重点展示员工在安全改进、车辆交付志愿活动等关键项目中的参与度，并追踪职业发展里程碑。
Employee Story: Learning to code through Tesla's Employee Assistance Program 员工故事：通过特斯拉员工援助计划学习编程
A people leader at one of our Gigafactories saw an opportunity to increase efficiency and support their team in new ways. But to put those ideas into action, they first needed to expand their own skillset and learn to code. 我们某超级工厂的一位团队领导者发现了提升效率并以新方式支持团队的机会。但要将这些想法付诸实践，他们首先需要扩展自身技能并学习编程。
Through Tesla’s Education Assistance Program, they completed a Python Computer Programming certificate that helped them help their team increase their overall impact. Now they are using their new skills to solve problems, support their team and drive Tesla forward. 通过特斯拉教育援助计划，他们完成了 Python 计算机编程证书课程，这帮助他们提升了团队的整体影响力。如今，他们正运用新掌握的技能解决问题、支持团队并推动特斯拉向前发展。
Promoting fairness and equal opportunity for everyone 为所有人促进公平与机会均等
We are committed to creating a workplace where our employees are safe at all times and where they feel respected, satisfied and appreciated. Our policies are designed to do just this. We hire, evaluate and promote employees based on their skills and performance, and we give everyone the tools to thrive and progress in their career at Tesla. 我们致力于打造一个让员工始终感到安全、受尊重、满意且被赏识的工作环境。我们的政策正是为此而设计。我们根据员工的技能和表现进行招聘、评估和晋升，并为每个人提供在特斯拉职业发展中茁壮成长所需的工具。
In recognition of our efforts, Tesla was ranked among the Top 100 Employers of Choice in the 2024 American Opportunity Index.* 鉴于我们的努力，特斯拉在 2024 年美国机会指数评选中入选"首选雇主百强榜"。*
*Tesla ranked among the Top 100 Employers of Choice in the 2024 American Opportunity Index. 特斯拉入选 2024 年美国机会指数"最佳雇主 100 强"榜单
We strive to ensure the safest operations for our employees 我们致力于为员工提供最安全的作业环境
Everyone at Tesla works together to ensure a healthy and safe workplace. We take a systems-thinking approach and focus on training, collaboration and direct engagements with the people doing the work to build our products. 特斯拉全体员工通力协作，确保工作场所的健康与安全。我们采用系统化思维方法，重点开展培训、促进协作，并与产品制造一线员工保持直接沟通。
We want to measure the most critical incidents. While we still report and track regulatory-driven metrics, our global focus continues to utilize the international standard on American Society for Testing and Materials 2920-19 (ASTM) to track and manage safety incidents over time. Since 2021, our ASTM injury and illness rates have continued to decline 10% year over year. 我们重点监测最严重的安全事故。在持续报告和追踪法规要求指标的同时，我们全球范围仍采用美国材料试验协会 ASTM 2920-19 国际标准进行长期安全事件管理。自 2021 年以来，我们的 ASTM 工伤与疾病发生率已实现每年 10%的持续下降。
We empower our employees to identify improvements and solve problems. Take Charge-our internal improvement suggestion tool-allows employees to submit improvement suggestions related to environment, health, safety, security, people and more. Promoting a company-wide culture of improvement, Take Charge is used across all departments and regions where Tesla operates. Executive leaders have adopted and been trained in Take Charge. Submissions can be made anonymously and are owned at a cross-functional level. 我们鼓励员工主动发现问题并提出改进方案。"主动改进"（Take Charge）——我们的内部改进建议工具——允许员工提交与环境、健康、安全、安保、人员等相关的改进建议。为促进全公司范围内的改进文化，"主动改进"已在特斯拉所有部门和运营地区推广使用。公司高管已接受并完成了该工具的专项培训。员工可匿名提交建议，并由跨职能团队负责落实。
Take Charge works as a leading indicator for safety and engages those closest to the work-as well as their supervisors-in order to establish processes that address issues proactively. Since its launch in 2021, we have seen a 36% reduction in our global injury rate. To ensure integration across our operations, submissions are categorized into Safety, People, Accuracy, Rates and Cost (SPARC). "主动改进"作为安全领先指标，通过让一线员工及其主管共同参与，建立主动解决问题的流程。自 2021 年推出以来，我们的全球工伤率已下降 36%。为确保与运营的全面整合，所有建议均按安全（Safety）、人员（People）、准确性（Accuracy）、效率（Rates）和成本（Cost）（SPARC）进行分类。
Take Charge 主动改进
Submissions (January 2021-January 2025) 建议提交量（2021 年 1 月-2025 年 1 月） 1,772,5161,772,516
105,993
1,950
44
Total Submissions 总提交数
Total Submitters 总提交者数
Locations 地点
Countries 国家
We empower our employees to help us build the safest operations possible 我们赋能员工，助力构建最安全的运营体系
We actively engage our employees to help identify risks before incidents occur and base our programming on three pillars: do the basics right, engage and empower stakeholders and reduce risk. As we have increased employee engagement, we have seen our work-related injury rate come down over the same period. 我们积极动员员工参与风险预识别，并将安全规划建立在三大支柱上：夯实基础、赋能利益相关方和降低风险。随着员工参与度的提升，同期工伤率已呈现下降趋势。
Human and Organizational Performance principles shape our safety journey 人与组织绩效原则塑造我们的安全之路
The Human and Organizational Performance (HOP) 人与组织绩效(HOP)
5,000
systems that can tolerate errors and fail safely. It 能够容错并安全失效的系统。
641,000
thing. We develop tools and programs to integrate HOP 我们开发工具和程序来整合 HOP
improvement actions suggested 建议的改进措施
The Essential Safeguards Program focuses our efforts on "基本保障计划"将我们的工作重点集中在
with 97% closed 封闭率达 97%
and mitigative safeguards. We conduct systematic 并采取缓解性保障措施。我们系统地开展
169
continuously improve our measures and processes. 持续改进我们的措施和流程。
Safeguards Program 保障措施计划
The Human and Organizational Performance (HOP) 5,000
systems that can tolerate errors and fail safely. It 641,000
thing. We develop tools and programs to integrate HOP improvement actions suggested
The Essential Safeguards Program focuses our efforts on with 97% closed
and mitigative safeguards. We conduct systematic 169
continuously improve our measures and processes. Safeguards Program| The Human and Organizational Performance (HOP) | 5,000 |
| :--- | :--- |
| systems that can tolerate errors and fail safely. It | 641,000 |
| thing. We develop tools and programs to integrate HOP | improvement actions suggested |
| The Essential Safeguards Program focuses our efforts on | with 97% closed |
| and mitigative safeguards. We conduct systematic | 169 |
| continuously improve our measures and processes. | Safeguards Program |
The safety of our contractors is as important as the safety of our employees 我们承包商的安全与员工安全同等重要
Our safety focus not only applies to our employees but also to those we contract with. To enhance visibility and management of production operations with contractors, we have deployed a global contractor onboarding and management system called Workforce Management. This enables coordination of work, identification of critical impacts, assessments of risk and communication of essential safeguards to elevate the environmental, health and safety performance of our onsite contractors and suppliers. We have integrated the core HOP principles along with access to event reporting tools including Take Charge. 我们的安全关注不仅限于员工，还包括合作承包商。为提升对承包商生产运营的可见性和管理能力，我们部署了名为"劳动力管理"的全球承包商入驻管理系统。该系统能协调工作、识别关键影响、评估风险并传达基本保障措施，从而提升现场承包商和供应商在环境、健康与安全方面的表现。我们整合了 HOP 核心原则，并提供了包括"主动管控"在内的事件报告工具访问权限。
In 2024, we integrated a global EHS Survey as a prequalification tool into our supplier management portal to receive information about our contractors’ work practices and programs. The survey focuses on highimpact information from the contracting firm, like historical environmental violations, safety and health citations and recent workplace fatalities. 2024 年，我们将全球 EHS 调查作为预审工具集成至供应商管理门户，用于收集承包商工作实践和项目信息。该调查重点关注承包企业的高影响信息，如历史环境违规记录、安全健康处罚以及近期工作场所死亡事故。
We want to make sure we are partnering and collaborating with our contractors to increase safety and environmental performance at our locations and projects. 我们致力于与承包商建立伙伴关系，通过协作提升各工作场所和项目的安全与环境绩效。
At Tesla, safety is a core value that protects lives, safeguards the environment and builds trust with our workforce and partners. Our Contractor Safety Program is central to maintaining our operational integrity. We regularly inspect pre-task plans and prework risk assessments-critical tools for identifying hazards and ensuring safeguards-along with mobile equipment and permitting. In 2024, we completed over 4,000 inspections worldwide, demonstrating our ongoing commitment to contractor safety and continuous improvement. 在特斯拉，安全是保护生命、守护环境以及与员工和合作伙伴建立信任的核心价值观。我们的承包商安全计划是维护运营完整性的关键所在。我们定期检查任务前计划和作业前风险评估——这些是识别危险并确保防护措施的重要工具——同时还包括移动设备和作业许可。2024 年，我们在全球完成了超过 4000 次检查，彰显了我们对承包商安全和持续改进的不懈承诺。
Field Inspections 现场检查
We track employee sentiment annually 我们每年追踪员工满意度
In 2024, we continued to gather employee sentiment around work, culture, the leadership team, job satisfaction and career growth opportunities through our Employee Engagement Survey. 2024 年，我们继续通过员工敬业度调查收集员工对工作、文化、领导团队、工作满意度及职业发展机会的反馈。
In the company-wide engagement feedback, we had a record participation rate of 86% of employees, with 80% of respondents agreeing that they are satisfied with Tesla as a place to work. 在全公司范围的参与反馈中，我们创下了 86%的员工参与率纪录，其中 80%的受访者认同他们对特斯拉作为工作场所感到满意。
We develop our leaders and their team management skills throughout their time at Tesla by offering specific leadership training, enhancing our performance management tools and continuing to broaden employee recognition. This helps us drive a culture of accountability, collaboration and continuous improvement, which is essential for organizational growth. 我们通过提供专项领导力培训、完善绩效管理工具并持续扩大员工表彰范围，在领导者任职特斯拉期间不断培养其领导能力和团队管理技能。这有助于我们推动责任担当、协作共赢和持续改进的文化，这对组织发展至关重要。
Tesla is pro employee 特斯拉是亲员工的
Our approach to human capital management centers on one core principle: Tesla is pro-employee. We do this by aligning the interests of Tesla’s employees with those of Tesla shareholders. As a result, we provide each full-time employee with stock through our equity compensation programs. 我们的人力资本管理方法围绕一个核心原则：特斯拉是亲员工的。为此，我们将特斯拉员工的利益与股东利益保持一致，通过股权补偿计划为每位全职员工提供股票激励。
We further demonstrate our commitment to our employees by listening to their input to ensure we are meeting their needs across all parts of their employment experiencefrom pay to benefits and in the workplace. 我们通过倾听员工的意见，进一步展现了对员工的承诺，确保在薪酬、福利到工作环境等就业体验的各个方面满足他们的需求。
Historically, unions were created to give employees a voice when they felt they were not being heard by their employer. At Tesla, our employee needs are met directly without the need for an intermediary, which has led to not only more opportunities for employees but also a more positive employee experience. 历史上，工会的成立是为了在员工感到雇主不听取意见时为他们发声。在特斯拉，我们直接满足员工需求，无需中间机构介入，这不仅为员工创造了更多机会，也带来了更积极的员工体验。
The results of this approach speak for themselves. 这种方式的成效不言自明。
In Sweden, where it is tradition for workforces to unionize, our employees resoundingly told us that they do not want to unionize despite aggressive public campaigning by the union touting its benefits. The majority of our employees in Sweden have elected not to pursue a union CBA. 在传统上劳动力普遍加入工会的瑞典，尽管工会大力宣传其优势并开展激进公开活动，我们的员工仍明确表示不愿加入工会。瑞典特斯拉大多数员工已选择不签署工会集体谈判协议。
In Germany, this sentiment was also expressed during the last Works Council election at Gigafactory BerlinBrandenburg, where the union representative slate was rejected by the employees. 在德国，这种情绪在上次柏林勃兰登堡超级工厂的工会选举中也有所体现，员工们拒绝了工会代表名单。
Tesla employees have made it clear that they are happy with their current relationship with Tesla and see no need to unionize. 特斯拉员工已明确表示，他们对目前与公司的关系感到满意，认为没有必要组建工会。
For more information on our approach, view our 如需了解更多我们的方针，请查阅我们的
Global Human Rights Policy. 《全球人权政策》
Integrity is everyone's responsibility 诚信是每个人的责任
Tesla cultivates a culture where employees feel heard, respected and empowered. This ultimately enhances workplace cohesion and productivity. 特斯拉培育了一种让员工感到被倾听、受尊重且充满自主权的企业文化，这最终提升了工作场所的凝聚力和生产力。
Our commitment to having a robust system for reporting employee complaints fosters a culture of trust, openness and accountability, which in turn strengthens organizational learning and boosts employee morale. 我们致力于建立完善的员工投诉报告系统，这培育了一种信任、开放和问责的文化，进而增强了组织学习能力并提升了员工士气。
We once again have demonstrated our commitment to our employees by continuing to invest in increasing the visibility of reporting mechanisms such as our Integrity Line, which allows employees to provide anonymous feedback to ensure that our employees are heard as frequently as possible and have a safe avenue to report any and all of their concerns without hesitation. 我们通过持续投资提升"诚信热线"等报告机制的可见性，再次彰显了对员工的承诺。该机制允许员工匿名反馈，确保他们的声音能被尽可能频繁地听取，并为他们提供了毫无顾虑地报告任何问题的安全渠道。
Our data proves that employees are increasingly comfortable raising all types of concerns, and that our culture is working even as an increasing employee base is responsible for handling complex and diverse tasks among a myriad of sophisticated businesses across the globe. 我们的数据证明，员工在提出各类问题时越来越自在。即使面对日益壮大的员工队伍需要处理全球众多复杂业务中的多样化任务，我们的企业文化依然卓有成效。
The number of cases reported in recent years has demonstrated that our employees are both aware of different avenues of reporting their concerns and that Tesla has created a safe environment for employees to share their thoughts. 近年来的案例数量表明，我们的员工既清楚了解多种问题反映渠道，特斯拉也为员工创造了畅所欲言的安全环境。
Following thorough investigations, we have found that the majority of concerns are not substantiated and the rate of substantiated claims has been declining over recent years. 经过全面调查，我们发现大多数投诉都缺乏事实依据，且近年来经证实的投诉比例持续下降。
We investigate employee allegations 我们对员工指控展开调查
An employee can raise concerns or complaints to any member of management, Human Resources (HR) or Employee Relations (ER). If they prefer to report another way, the Integrity Line is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week and allows employees to report concerns anonymously and without fear of retaliation. 员工可以向任何管理层成员、人力资源部(HR)或员工关系部(ER)提出疑虑或投诉。若倾向其他举报方式，诚信热线全天 24 小时、每周 7 天开放，允许员工匿名举报且无需担心打击报复。
Concerns are investigated promptly and impartially in a manner appropriate to the circumstances. The ER team engages in feedback loops with leaders and HR to provide guidance on any appropriate follow-up actions, which range from additional communication and training to corrective action and discipline up to termination of employment. 所有举报都会根据具体情况得到及时公正的调查。员工关系团队通过与领导层和人力资源部门的反馈循环，就后续适当措施提供指导，这些措施包括从补充沟通培训到纠正处分乃至终止雇佣关系等不同层级。
Types of Allegations 举报类型
(2024)
66%
Human Resources and 人力资源与
Employee Relations 员工关系
28%
Business Integrity 商业诚信
4%
Environment, 环境
Health and Safety 健康与安全
1%
Misuse of 滥用
Corporate Assets 公司资产
Process for investigating allegations received through our Integrity Line 通过诚信热线接收指控的调查流程
Allegation is Reported to Hotline 指控上报至热线
Allegation is Routed to 指控被转至
Appropriate Team 相应团队
Actions Include: 行动包括：
Employee training 员工培训
Process, policy or program updates Disciplinary action, up to and including termination Other appropriate actions 流程、政策或项目更新 纪律处分，包括终止雇佣关系 其他适当措施
We do not tolerate harassment or discrimination 我们绝不容忍骚扰或歧视行为
Nearly 100% of Tesla employees completed COBE training in 2024 2024 年，特斯拉员工完成商业道德与反骚扰(COBE)培训的比例接近 100%
Our policies are designed to promote fairness and respect for everyone. We hire, evaluate and promote employees based on their skills and performance. As we grow, we continue to address challenges head on. 我们的政策旨在促进公平并尊重每一个人。我们根据员工的技能和表现进行招聘、评估和晋升。随着公司发展，我们持续直面各种挑战。
From day one in New Hire Orientation, employees learn about Tesla’s policies. As part of prevention, we set clear expectations with annual Code of Business Ethics and Anti-Harassment (COBE) trainings globally. 从入职培训第一天起，员工就会了解特斯拉的各项政策。作为预防措施的一部分，我们通过每年在全球范围内开展《商业道德准则及反骚扰》(COBE)培训来明确行为规范。
These trainings are not only included in the onboarding process but are repeated throughout the duration of an employee’s work with Tesla. Management regularly checks completion rates and follows up to ensure each employee completes all required trainings. In 2024, 98%98 \% of Tesla employees completed COBE training. 这些培训不仅包含在新员工入职流程中，还会在员工任职特斯拉期间重复进行。管理层定期检查完成率并跟进确保每位员工完成所有必修培训。2024 年，特斯拉员工完成 COBE 培训的比例达 98%98 \% 。
Innovation through constructive conflict 通过建设性冲突推动创新
At Tesla, our employees are passionate about making a difference in the world and for each other. We remain unwavering in our demand that our factories, offices, sales locations and Service centers are places where our employees feel respected, appreciated and empowered to contribute ideas. 在特斯拉，我们的员工满怀热情，致力于为世界和彼此带来积极改变。我们始终坚持要求工厂、办公室、销售网点和服务中心成为让员工感受到尊重、赏识并能自由贡献创意的场所。
Tesla employees are expected to be trustworthy, demonstrate excellence in their performance and collaborate with others. Innovation and excellence go together, and innovation is achieved when employees feel confident that the ideas they raise will be objectively considered. We have created an environment where employees feel comfortable challenging convention and raising new ideas through constructive conflict in pursuit of our mission. 特斯拉员工应当值得信赖，在工作中追求卓越并与他人协作。创新与卓越相辅相成，当员工确信提出的想法会得到客观考量时，创新便应运而生。我们营造了鼓励挑战传统、通过建设性冲突提出新想法的环境，以此推动实现我们的使命。
Our programs support employee wellbeing holistically 我们的项目全方位支持员工福祉
Our health programs are designed to support the wellbeing of our colleagues holistically, addressing physical, mental and emotional health. We provide a range of support initiatives tailored to local needs and varying by country. 我们的健康计划旨在全面支持员工的福祉，涵盖身体、心理和情感健康。我们提供一系列根据当地需求量身定制的支持举措，这些举措因国家而异。
This includes, for example, no-cost paycheck contributions for medical, dental and vision plans for employees and their family members, employer-paid life insurance, short- and long-term disability, confidential counseling for employees and their families, employee assistance programs and voluntary benefit programs. 例如，这包括为员工及其家庭成员提供的免费医疗、牙科和视力计划薪资扣除方案，雇主支付的人寿保险，短期和长期残疾保险，为员工及其家人提供的保密咨询服务，员工援助计划以及自愿福利计划。
Employees can also access student loan and debt consolidation services, transportation subsidies and nocost shuttles, back-up childcare, discount programs and tools and resources to support growing families. We have student loan refinancing options and pension contribution matching. 员工还可以享受学生贷款和债务合并服务、交通补贴和免费班车、备用儿童保育、折扣计划以及支持成长中家庭的各种工具和资源。我们提供学生贷款再融资选择和养老金缴款匹配方案。
We offer competitive pay and benefits 我们提供具有竞争力的薪酬和福利待遇
Examples of employee benefits across our global operations* 我们全球业务中的员工福利示例*
Medical Insurance & Health Check-Up 医疗保险与健康体检
Medical coverage and regular health check-up benefits to protect the physical health and wellbeing of our colleagues 为保护同事们的身体健康与福祉，提供医疗保障和定期健康体检福利
Employee Assistance Program 员工援助计划
Access to 24/7 confidential assistance to support the physical, mental and emotional wellbeing of employees and their dependents 为员工及其家属提供全天候保密协助，支持其身体、心理和情感健康
Employee Perks 员工福利
Preferred pricing on gym memberships, financial services, childcare and travel, free EV charging, as well as savings on Tesla products 享受健身房会员、金融服务、儿童保育和旅行的优惠价格，免费电动汽车充电，以及特斯拉产品折扣
We continue to attract the best and brightest with our competitive pay and benefits package. We offer employees the opportunity to receive equity during their employment and share in the success of Tesla. 我们通过具有竞争力的薪酬福利方案持续吸引最优秀的人才。员工在职期间有机会获得公司股权，共享特斯拉的成功。
Shared ownership of the company is one of the most essential attributes of working at Tesla. 公司股权共享是特斯拉工作体验中最核心的特色之一。
Paid Maternity and Paternity Leave 带薪产假和陪产假
Employees spending time with their family after the birth or adoption of a child 员工在生育或领养孩子后与家人共度时光
Family Services 家庭服务Fertility services, adoption and third-party reproduction services 生育服务、领养及第三方辅助生殖服务
Back-Up Care 备用护理
Days of back-up daycare, tutoring and distance learning assistance 备用日托、辅导和远程学习协助天数
Risk Insurance 风险保险
Financial protection and support to safeguard employees in the event of unforeseen circumstances 为员工在意外情况下提供财务保障和支持
Safety Net 安全网
Limited financial assistance for employees experiencing temporary hardship 为遭遇临时困难的员工提供有限的经济援助
Rethink 重新思考
No-cost resources and tools for families, including those with developmental and learning challenges 为家庭（包括有发育和学习障碍的家庭）提供的免费资源与工具
Long Service Award 长期服务奖
We appreciate each employee’s contributions to our company’s mission by celebrating their Teslaversary with special surprise gifts 我们通过为员工庆祝特斯拉周年纪念日并赠送特别惊喜礼物，来感谢每位员工对公司使命的贡献
Tesla Babies 特斯拉宝宝礼盒
A curated gift box for employees expecting a newborn or celebrating the arrival of their new family member (employee location dependent) 为即将迎来新生儿或庆祝新家庭成员诞生的员工精心准备的礼盒（视员工所在地而定）
*Dependent on employee location *视员工所在地而定
Our mental health is just as important as our physical health 心理健康与身体健康同等重要
At Tesla, we are dedicated to supporting our employees by promoting mental health awareness and reducing stigma. We achieve this not only by providing valuable resources through our Employee Assistance Program, but also by equipping our support staff with specialized training to foster a healthier workplace. 在特斯拉，我们致力于通过提升心理健康意识和消除偏见来支持员工。我们不仅通过员工援助计划提供宝贵资源，还为支持团队提供专业培训，以营造更健康的工作环境。
Our staff across Human Resources, Security, Health & Safety and Medical are provided with the opportunity to complete accredited Mental Health First Aid Training to ensure that our frontline-facing support staff are equipped to give empathetic and effective care. 我们的人力资源、安保、健康安全及医疗部门员工均有机会完成认证的心理健康急救培训，确保一线支持人员能够提供富有同理心且高效的关怀。
In early 2025, Tesla launched a new Employee Assistance Program, which increased the number of languages and annual support sessions available to our colleagues. This has led to nearly 11,000 global website sessions within the first two months of launching, or approximately 3.5 xx3.5 \times more interest in mental wellbeing across our global workforce. 2025 年初，特斯拉推出了全新的员工援助计划，为全球同事增加了可使用的语言种类和年度支持咨询次数。该计划上线前两个月内，全球网站访问量就达到近 11,000 次，相当于全球员工对心理健康关注意愿提升了约 3.5 xx3.5 \times 。
We know that one in five adults would benefit from mental health support each year, and we want our colleagues to get access to all the resources they need. 我们深知每年有五分之一成年人需要心理健康支持，因此希望确保每位同事都能获取所需资源。
Employee Stock 员工持股
Purchase Plan 购买计划
Our employees can purchase Tesla stock at a discount through our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). 我们的员工可通过员工股票购买计划(ESPP)以折扣价购买特斯拉股票。
Enrollment in ESPP is easy with a dedicated internal site, stock administration team and support through its administrator. 通过专用内部网站、股票管理团队及管理员支持，ESPP 注册流程十分便捷。
We continue educating our employees on how to use this benefit to ensure that increased financial health and literacy is something everyone at Tesla can benefit from, regardless of their role or seniority. 我们持续对员工进行该福利使用培训，确保特斯拉每位员工——无论职位或资历——都能从中获益，提升财务健康与理财素养。
Changing lives with Tesla stock 用特斯拉股票改变人生
At Tesla, we support our employees by helping them build meaningful careers with competitive pay and great benefits, including through our equity programs. Equity is a core part of our benefits and pay packages, and has a meaningful impact on the lives of our employees. 在特斯拉，我们通过提供具有竞争力的薪酬和优厚福利（包括股权计划）来支持员工发展有意义的职业生涯。股权是我们福利和薪酬方案的核心组成部分，对员工的生活产生深远影响。
Their hard work and dedication to our mission provides the financial freedom to reach personal achievements such as buying their first home, paying for higher education and taking memorable family vacations. 他们的辛勤工作和对我们使命的奉献带来了财务自由，使他们能够实现个人目标，如购买首套住房、支付高等教育费用以及享受难忘的家庭假期。
Share Price (USD) 股价（美元）
Pay Equity Program 薪酬公平计划
Geographic Zone 地理区域
Tenure 任职年限
Average Performance Score 平均绩效评分
Job Function 工作职能
Management Level and Role 管理层级与角色
Our Pay Equity Program is designed to assess whether similarly situated employees are paid in a similar manner after accounting for variables. 我们的薪酬公平计划旨在评估在考虑各种变量后，处于相似岗位的员工是否获得了相近的薪酬待遇。
HR also offers a Pay Equity and Pay Transparency educational course to everyone in the People Organization, with a focus on HR partners and recruiters. 人力资源部还为"人员组织"中的每位成员提供薪酬公平与薪酬透明度教育课程，重点面向 HR 合作伙伴和招聘人员。
Supporting the communities we work in 支持我们所在的社区
Strengthening our communities 强化社区建设
We are committed to positively impacting and strengthening the communities in which we live and work. We have created programs and partnerships in the regions where we operate to ensure communities benefit from our presence. 我们致力于积极影响并强化我们所生活和工作的社区。在业务所在地区，我们已创建各类项目与合作伙伴关系，以确保社区能从我们的存在中获益。
Tesla impact 特斯拉影响力
Our colleagues are passionate about making a positive impact within and outside of Tesla. Since 2020, the Tesla Employee Volunteer Program has created opportunities to engage with our local communities. We facilitate volunteer engagement and donations for major initiatives like Earth Day or Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day, as well as various volunteer events. In 2024, our colleagues volunteered over 2,050 hours. 我们的同事充满热情，致力于在特斯拉内外创造积极影响。自 2020 年起，特斯拉员工志愿者计划为参与本地社区活动创造了机会。我们为"地球日"、"带女孩认识工程日"等重大倡议以及各类志愿者活动提供志愿服务和捐赠支持。2024 年，我们的同事累计志愿服务时间超过 2050 小时。
Disaster relief 灾难救援
With an unrivalled portfolio of innovative products, Tesla can play a strategic role in assisting communities affected by disasters. Our energy products have powered critical facilities and emergency response centers during grid outages, while our vehicles have provided first responders with off-road capability and clean-air shelters. Tesla partners with government agencies and nonprofits to support disaster relief efforts across communities in need. 凭借无与伦比的创新产品组合，特斯拉能在援助受灾社区方面发挥战略作用。我们的能源产品在电网中断时为关键设施和应急响应中心供电，而我们的车辆为急救人员提供越野能力和洁净空气庇护所。特斯拉与政府机构及非营利组织合作，为需要帮助的社区提供灾难救援支持。
2,000+
hours volunteered in 2024 2024 年志愿服务时长
Tesla helped restore 2.28 MWh of clean energy in communities around the world in 2024 2024 年，特斯拉协助全球各地社区恢复了 2.28 兆瓦时的清洁能源
In 2024 and early 2025, we were able to help communities around the world restore their power during crises by deploying Mobile Powerwall Units (MPUs). Our manufacturing forecast now includes additional MPUs that can be immediately deployed in times of crisis. 在 2024 年及 2025 年初，我们通过部署移动式 Powerwall 单元（MPU）帮助全球多个社区在危机期间恢复电力供应。目前我们的生产计划已增加可紧急调用的备用 MPU 单元。
Each kit we deploy includes a photovoltaic inverter, Gateway and two Powerwall units, which are wired to standard outlets so the power is available quickly. These are built and installed by Tesla volunteers who help source parts, build and wire the MPUs, configure and test them and ship the units to the disaster site. 每套部署的应急套装包含光伏逆变器、网关和两个 Powerwall 单元，通过标准插座快速供电。这些设备由特斯拉志愿者团队负责组装安装，包括零部件采购、MPU 组装布线、配置测试以及灾区的运输配送。
Total Mobile Powerwall Units Deployed 已部署的移动式 Powerwall 总数量
(2024)
Ukraine 乌克兰
Tesla used 6 MPUs to power mobile field hospitals. 特斯拉使用 6 个 MPU 为移动野战医院供电。
Los Angeles 洛杉矶
In early 2025, we deployed 10 MPUs to power fire stations and command center facilities, including the Zuma Beach command center, which powered the Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles Fire Department. 2025 年初，我们部署了 10 台 MPU 为消防站和指挥中心设施供电，其中包括为洛杉矶警察局和洛杉矶消防局供电的祖马海滩指挥中心。
North Carolina 北卡罗来纳州
Tesla deployed 14 MPUs to power distribution centers after Hurricane Helene. 飓风"海伦"过后，特斯拉部署了 14 个 MPU 为配电中心供电。
Tesla and SpaceX outfitted 24 Cybertrucks with Starlink. The trucks were used to distribute SpaceX terminals to response agencies. SpaceX supplied over 1,300 Starlink terminals and provided free service to all accounts in the affected area, facilitating over 300,000 SMS messages via direct-to-cellular (DTC) service. 特斯拉和 SpaceX 为 24 辆 Cybertruck 配备了星链设备。这些卡车被用于向应急机构分发 SpaceX 终端。SpaceX 提供了超过 1300 台星链终端，并为受灾区域所有账户提供免费服务，通过直连蜂窝网络(DTC)服务协助发送了超过 30 万条短信。
Florida 佛罗里达州
Tesla deployed 5 MPUs in support of relief operations after Hurricane Milton. 特斯拉部署了 5 个移动电源单元(MPU)支援飓风米尔顿后的救灾行动。
In parallel, SpaceX supplied more than 20,000 terminals to support efforts by Federal agencies, non-governmental organizations and individuals. An additional 2,000 terminals were donated to these same groups. SpaceX also activated its direct-to-cellular (DTC) service free of charge, enabling tens of thousands of people to receive wireless emergency alerts and send text messages. 与此同时，SpaceX 为联邦机构、非政府组织和个人提供了超过 2 万台终端设备支持救灾工作，并向这些团体额外捐赠了 2000 台终端。SpaceX 还免费开通了直连蜂窝网络(DTC)服务，使数万人能够接收无线紧急警报并发送短信。
Tesla supported Los Angeles wildfire relief efforts 特斯拉支援洛杉矶山火救灾工作
Tesla provided support to employees and Los Angeles residents affected by the wildfires in January 2025. 特斯拉为 2025 年 1 月受山火影响的员工和洛杉矶居民提供了援助。
In collaboration with government agencies, we used Megapack Chargers and MPUs to create a highcapacity energy storage hub at the Rose Bowl Stadium, which served as a basecamp for first responders. Megapack Chargers powered multiple emergency response trailers, replacing diesel generators that typically cause noise and health issues for first responders. 我们与政府机构合作，在玫瑰碗体育场利用 Megapack 充电器和 MPU 打造了一个高容量储能中心，作为急救人员的指挥基地。Megapack 充电器为多辆应急响应拖车供电，取代了传统柴油发电机，避免了后者通常会给急救人员带来的噪音和健康问题。
With help from third-party nonprofits and Tesla employee volunteers, we deployed 10 MPUs to power fire stations and command center facilities. The power helped them run their operations, including air conditioning, fridges for food and laptop chargers. 在第三方非营利组织和特斯拉员工志愿者的协助下，我们部署了 10 台 MPU 为消防站和指挥中心设施供电。这些电力支持了包括空调运行、食品冷藏和笔记本电脑充电在内的各项救援工作。
We also deployed 35 Cybertrucks with Starlink access to fire stations and nonprofits across the Los Angeles area. The trucks were used in support of multiple relief operations, including offering command posts with critical power and connectivity, providing clean-air shelters and connectivity to firefighters, as well as supporting animal search-and-rescue efforts. 我们还在洛杉矶地区向消防站和非营利组织部署了 35 辆配备星链服务的 Cybertruck。这些车辆被用于多项救援行动：建立配备关键电力和网络连接的指挥所、为消防员提供洁净空气庇护所及网络连接，并支持动物搜救任务。
Supply Chain 供应链
05
Tesla has positive impact on the world not only through the sustainability of our products, but also by making our supply chain more sustainable. 特斯拉不仅通过产品的可持续性，还通过使供应链更加可持续，对世界产生积极影响。
We use our purchasing power to ensure that our supply chain supports a sustainable future 我们运用采购能力确保供应链支持可持续的未来
Tesla is one of the largest EV and energy storage system (ESS) material buyers in the world. Operations used to produce these materials can cause, contribute to and be linked to adverse social and environmental impacts. 特斯拉是全球最大的电动汽车和储能系统(ESS)材料采购商之一。生产这些材料的运营可能造成、促成或关联到负面的社会和环境影响。
Our goal is to use our purchasing power and work with suppliers to avoid, prevent or mitigate any adverse impacts from our supply chain so that our sourcing supports our mission of accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable energy. 我们的目标是利用采购能力与供应商合作，避免、预防或减轻供应链中的任何负面影响，使我们的采购支持加速世界向可持续能源转型的使命。
We manage supply chain risks through responsible sourcing 我们通过负责任采购管理供应链风险
Our efforts are guided by our commitment to sustainability and the requirements included in our Responsible Sourcing Policy, Global Human Rights Policy, Supplier Code of Conduct and international frameworks like the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Minerals and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Additional information on our responsible sourcing efforts can be found in our Modern Slavery and Child Labor Statement and Conflict Minerals Report. 我们的努力遵循对可持续发展的承诺，以及《负责任采购政策》《全球人权政策》《供应商行为准则》等内部要求，同时参照经济合作与发展组织(OECD)《跨国企业准则》、OECD《负责任商业行为尽职调查指南》、OECD《负责任矿产供应链尽职调查指南》以及联合国《商业与人权指导原则》等国际框架。更多关于我们负责任采购工作的信息，可查阅《现代奴隶制与童工声明》和《冲突矿产报告》。
We manage supply chain risks through responsible sourcing (cont'd) 我们通过负责任采购管理供应链风险（续）
1. Identifying Risk 1. 风险识别
We identify risks and violations against our policies using specific tools and information sources. 我们通过特定工具和信息源识别违反政策的风险和违规行为。
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Audit Program 企业社会责任(CSR)审计计划
Body structure, chassis, some components of the battery system 车身结构、底盘、电池系统的部分组件
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Survey 温室气体（GHG）调查
Lifecycle Assessments (LCAs) 生命周期评估（LCAs）
Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, Gold (3TG) 锡、钽、钨、金（3TG）
Ferrous Metals (Steel & Iron) 黑色金属（钢和铁）
Integrity Line 诚信热线
Various electronic components within the vehicle, including sensors, circuitry and connectors 车辆内部的各种电子元件，包括传感器、电路和连接器
Frame, body panels and motor casings 车架、车身面板和电机外壳
Impacted community and non-governmental organization (NGO) engagement 受影响的社区和非政府组织（NGO）参与
Priority Engagement Areas 优先参与领域
Combating Forced Labor 打击强迫劳动
Respecting Human Rights 尊重人权
Various External Reports & Assessments 各类外部报告与评估
Decarbonizing Materials 材料脱碳化
Improving Water Quality 改善水质
External Business Intelligence Screening Tools 外部商业智能筛选工具
Lifecycle Assessments 生命周期评估
Protecting Forests & Biodiversity 保护森林与生物多样性
Preventing Child Labor 预防童工现象
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Audit Program Priority Raw Materials
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_07_01_428a8d6ee1a68165df3ag-141.jpg?height=134&width=948&top_left_y=1936&top_left_x=2962
Third-Party Audit Programs
Supplier Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) Lithium, Nickel, Cobalt, Graphite Body structure, chassis, some components of the battery system
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Survey
Lifecycle Assessments (LCAs) Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, Gold (3TG) Ferrous Metals (Steel & Iron)
Integrity Line Various electronic components within the vehicle, including sensors, circuitry and connectors Frame, body panels and motor casings
Impacted community and non-governmental organization (NGO) engagement Priority Engagement Areas
Combating Forced Labor Respecting Human Rights
Various External Reports & Assessments Decarbonizing Materials Improving Water Quality
External Business Intelligence Screening Tools Lifecycle Assessments Protecting Forests & Biodiversity
Preventing Child Labor | Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Audit Program | Priority Raw Materials | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| |  | |
| Third-Party Audit Programs | | |
| Supplier Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) | Lithium, Nickel, Cobalt, Graphite | Body structure, chassis, some components of the battery system |
| Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Survey | | |
| Lifecycle Assessments (LCAs) | Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, Gold (3TG) | Ferrous Metals (Steel & Iron) |
| Integrity Line | Various electronic components within the vehicle, including sensors, circuitry and connectors | Frame, body panels and motor casings |
| Impacted community and non-governmental organization (NGO) engagement | Priority Engagement Areas | |
| | Combating Forced Labor | Respecting Human Rights |
| Various External Reports & Assessments | Decarbonizing Materials | Improving Water Quality |
| External Business Intelligence Screening Tools | Lifecycle Assessments | Protecting Forests & Biodiversity |
| | Preventing Child Labor | |
Prioritizing Risks and Efforts 优先处理风险与投入努力
We prioritize specific materials and areas for risk identification. 我们优先考虑特定材料和领域进行风险识别。
3. Mitigating Prioritized Risks and Remediating Harm 3. 缓解优先风险与补救损害
We implement strategies targeting priority areas and materials to address adverse impacts. 我们针对优先领域和材料实施策略，以应对不利影响。
Require suppliers to acknowledge our Supplier Code of Conduct 要求供应商认可我们的《供应商行为准则》
Include strict social and environmental, audit and traceability requirements in supplier contracts 在供应商合同中纳入严格的社会与环境审计及可追溯性要求
Include social and environmental criteria in sourcing decisions and supplier selection, including CSR audit scores, SAQ results complaints submitted to Tesla’s Integrity Line and GHG emissions 在采购决策和供应商选择中纳入社会与环境标准，包括企业社会责任审计评分、SAQ 问卷结果、提交至特斯拉诚信热线的投诉以及温室气体排放数据
For other Tesla-wide strategies and efforts addressing specific priority materials, see later sections 关于特斯拉针对特定优先材料的全公司战略和举措，请参阅后续章节
2024 highlights 2024 年重点成果
Risk Identification Measures 风险识别措施
Examples of Risk Mitigation and Improvement Measures Taken 已采取的风险缓解与改进措施示例
465
6,821
100%
responses across 40+ countries received to our Supplier 我们收到了来自 40 多个国家供应商的反馈
workers reimbursed for recruitment fees 为工人报销了招聘费用
of mines in high-conservation ares have reforestation plans 高保护价值区域的矿山制定了重新造林计划
+
279%
+
purchasing system 采购系统
increase in volume of digitally traced tin, tantalum, 数字化追踪锡、钽的产量增加
100%
77%
10
GHG data from 71% of our battery suppliers 来自我们 71%电池供应商的温室气体数据
darr\downarrow
Powerwall units delivered to clinics to support survivors of 为支持幸存者而向诊所交付的 Powerwall 设备
40
1st 第一
15,000+
224
EV maker to invest in a program in Indonesia to reduce 电动汽车制造商将在印尼投资一项减排计划
5
Risk Identification Measures Examples of Risk Mitigation and Improvement Measures Taken
465 6,821 100%
responses across 40+ countries received to our Supplier workers reimbursed for recruitment fees of mines in high-conservation ares have reforestation plans
+ 279%
+ purchasing system increase in volume of digitally traced tin, tantalum,
100% 77% 10
GHG data from 71% of our battery suppliers darr Powerwall units delivered to clinics to support survivors of
40 1st 15,000+
224 EV maker to invest in a program in Indonesia to reduce 5| Risk Identification Measures | Examples of Risk Mitigation and Improvement Measures Taken | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 465 | 6,821 | 100% |
| responses across 40+ countries received to our Supplier | workers reimbursed for recruitment fees | of mines in high-conservation ares have reforestation plans |
| | + | 279% |
| + | purchasing system | increase in volume of digitally traced tin, tantalum, |
| 100% | 77% | 10 |
| GHG data from 71% of our battery suppliers | $\downarrow$ | Powerwall units delivered to clinics to support survivors of |
| 40 | 1st | 15,000+ |
| 224 | EV maker to invest in a program in Indonesia to reduce | 5 |
We take responsible sourcing to the next level 我们将负责任采购提升至新高度
Industry Standard Responsible Sourcing Efforts 行业标准的负责任采购举措
Tesla in 2024 2024 年的特斯拉
Transparency 透明度
Little supplier disclosure beyond regulatory requirement 除监管要求外，供应商信息披露有限
We disclosed mines and refiners for lithium, nickel, cobalt and respective audits, decarbonization plans and LCA status and disclosed countries of origin for steel and aluminum 我们披露了锂、镍、钴的矿产来源及精炼商信息，包括相关审计报告、脱碳计划及生命周期评估状态，并公布了钢材和铝材的原产国
Traceability & Upstream Leverage 可追溯性与上游影响力
Reliance on tier 1 suppliers to cascade requirements upstream 依赖一级供应商将要求向上游传递
We sourced most key battery minerals directly from mines and refiners, allowing for increased traceability and leverage 我们直接从矿山和精炼厂采购大部分关键电池矿物，从而提高可追溯性和议价能力
Human Rights Engagement 人权参与
Reliance on tier 1 suppliers to cascade requirements upstream 依赖一级供应商将要求向上游传递
We directly engaged with upstream supply chain, stakeholders and impacted communities, including in instances where Tesla did not contract directly with upstream actors 我们直接与上游供应链、利益相关方及受影响社区进行接触，包括在特斯拉未与上游参与者直接签订合同的情况下
Recycling 回收利用
Reliance on external recycling partners for individual steps in the circularity journey, leading to price volatility and issues keeping up with rapidly evolving technologies 依赖外部回收合作伙伴完成循环经济中的个别环节，导致价格波动及难以跟上快速演进的技术
We are the only OEM that has the pieces in place for a future inhouse, closed-loop ecosystem covering every step from collection to reduction, recycling and cell manufacturing 我们是唯一具备完整布局的整车制造商，为未来打造覆盖从回收到还原、再生及电池制造全流程的闭环生态系统
Vertical Integration 垂直整合
Focus on product manufacturing 专注产品制造
We vertically integrated in-house lithium refining and cell and casting house production, enabling direct control over responsible production methods 我们实现了锂精炼、电池生产和铸造车间的内部垂直整合，从而能够直接管控负责任的生产方式
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction 温室气体减排
Reliance on secondary greenhouse gas emissions data 依赖次级温室气体排放数据
We used mostly primary supplier data for targeted decarbonization in the battery supply chain and increased primary supplier data use by 12% across our supplier base 我们主要使用一级供应商数据来实现电池供应链的定向脱碳，并将一级供应商数据使用率在整个供应商体系中提高了 12%
Industry Standard Responsible Sourcing Efforts Tesla in 2024
Transparency Little supplier disclosure beyond regulatory requirement We disclosed mines and refiners for lithium, nickel, cobalt and respective audits, decarbonization plans and LCA status and disclosed countries of origin for steel and aluminum
Traceability & Upstream Leverage Reliance on tier 1 suppliers to cascade requirements upstream We sourced most key battery minerals directly from mines and refiners, allowing for increased traceability and leverage
Human Rights Engagement Reliance on tier 1 suppliers to cascade requirements upstream We directly engaged with upstream supply chain, stakeholders and impacted communities, including in instances where Tesla did not contract directly with upstream actors
Recycling Reliance on external recycling partners for individual steps in the circularity journey, leading to price volatility and issues keeping up with rapidly evolving technologies We are the only OEM that has the pieces in place for a future inhouse, closed-loop ecosystem covering every step from collection to reduction, recycling and cell manufacturing
Vertical Integration Focus on product manufacturing We vertically integrated in-house lithium refining and cell and casting house production, enabling direct control over responsible production methods
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Reliance on secondary greenhouse gas emissions data We used mostly primary supplier data for targeted decarbonization in the battery supply chain and increased primary supplier data use by 12% across our supplier base| | Industry Standard Responsible Sourcing Efforts | Tesla in 2024 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Transparency | Little supplier disclosure beyond regulatory requirement | We disclosed mines and refiners for lithium, nickel, cobalt and respective audits, decarbonization plans and LCA status and disclosed countries of origin for steel and aluminum |
| Traceability & Upstream Leverage | Reliance on tier 1 suppliers to cascade requirements upstream | We sourced most key battery minerals directly from mines and refiners, allowing for increased traceability and leverage |
| Human Rights Engagement | Reliance on tier 1 suppliers to cascade requirements upstream | We directly engaged with upstream supply chain, stakeholders and impacted communities, including in instances where Tesla did not contract directly with upstream actors |
| Recycling | Reliance on external recycling partners for individual steps in the circularity journey, leading to price volatility and issues keeping up with rapidly evolving technologies | We are the only OEM that has the pieces in place for a future inhouse, closed-loop ecosystem covering every step from collection to reduction, recycling and cell manufacturing |
| Vertical Integration | Focus on product manufacturing | We vertically integrated in-house lithium refining and cell and casting house production, enabling direct control over responsible production methods |
| Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction | Reliance on secondary greenhouse gas emissions data | We used mostly primary supplier data for targeted decarbonization in the battery supply chain and increased primary supplier data use by 12% across our supplier base |
We operate a leading responsible sourcing program 我们运营着领先的负责任采购计划
In 2024, NGOs recognized Tesla as a leading automaker for our responsible sourcing efforts. Our responsible sourcing program’s primary goal is to reduce harm and have a positive impact. 2024 年，非政府组织认可特斯拉因其负责任的采购举措而成为领先汽车制造商。我们负责任采购计划的主要目标是减少危害并产生积极影响。
NGO Amnesty International 国际非政府组织大赦国际
Ranking of Human Rights Due Diligence 人权尽职调查排名
Reporting of Electric Vehicle Makers (2024) 电动汽车制造商报告(2024 年)
Tesla’s #2 rank is up from #7 in 2017 特斯拉排名从 2017 年的第 7 位上升至第 2 位
Rank 排名
1
3
4
5
6
Independent review and evaluation of our program provides us with the opportunity to fill gaps and understand emerging trends in supply chain risk. Our principal source for program improvement is provided through supply chain stakeholder feedback, which can be shared at ImpactReport@Tesla.com. 对我们项目的独立审查和评估为我们提供了填补空白并了解供应链风险新趋势的机会。我们改进计划的主要信息来源是通过供应链利益相关方的反馈，这些反馈可以发送至 ImpactReport@Tesla.com。
NGO Rainforest Foundation 非政府组织雨林基金会
Assessment of Biodiversity and Due Diligence Practices in Mineral 矿产生物多样性评估与尽职调查实践
Supply Chains of Automakers and EV Battery Manufacturers (2024) 汽车制造商与电动汽车电池生产商的供应链（2024 年）
Rank 排名
All Companies 所有企业
1
Tesla 特斯拉
2
Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰
3
BMW 宝马
4
Samsung SDI 三星 SDI
5
Volkswagen 大众汽车
6
General Motors 通用汽车
Rank All Companies
1 Tesla
2 Mercedes-Benz
3 BMW
4 Samsung SDI
5 Volkswagen
6 General Motors| Rank | All Companies |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1 | Tesla |
| 2 | Mercedes-Benz |
| 3 | BMW |
| 4 | Samsung SDI |
| 5 | Volkswagen |
| 6 | General Motors |
We defend, protect and advance human rights for workers throughout our supply chain 我们捍卫、保护并促进整个供应链中工人的人权
Human rights are essential to Tesla’s mission of accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable energy. We are uniquely positioned to positively influence human rights for people in our supply chain and we take that opportunity and responsibility seriously. Read more about our commitment to human rights in the latest revision of Tesla’s Global Human Rights Policy and our approaches to address salient human rights issues, including forced labor and child labor, in this report. 人权对于特斯拉加速世界向可持续能源转型的使命至关重要。我们拥有独特优势，能够积极影响供应链中人们的人权状况，并认真对待这一机遇和责任。在特斯拉最新修订的《全球人权政策》及本报告中关于解决强迫劳动和童工等突出人权问题的方法部分，可了解更多我们对人权的承诺。
The examples on the following page show how Tesla demonstrated its commitment to defending, protecting and advancing human rights in 2024. 以下页面的案例展示了特斯拉在 2024 年如何践行其捍卫、保护及促进人权的承诺。
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 《世界人权宣言》条款
Article Number 条款编号
Tesla's Impact 特斯拉的影响力
Defend (Safeguard and protect individuals from violations of their rights) 捍卫（保障并保护个人权利不受侵犯）
All, with focus on 4 全员参与，重点聚焦 4 个方面
More than 450 supply chain employees were trained to communicate with suppliers on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 450 多名供应链员工接受了培训，学习如何就《世界人权宣言》与供应商进行沟通
27
Updated Tesla's Global Human Rights Policy and thereby committed to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) 更新了特斯拉全球人权政策，并据此承诺遵守《联合国土著人民权利宣言》(UNDRIP)
All 全员覆盖
More than 15,000 supplier contacts were made aware of human rights expectations and Tesla's Integrity Line to report human rights concerns 超过 15,000 家供应商联系人已获知特斯拉人权标准要求及举报人权问题的诚信热线
Protect (Create systems to ensure human rights are not violated) 保护（建立系统以确保人权不受侵犯）
12, 25
Supplier in Vietnam installed a curtain partition for a previously unpartitioned mother's room based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits 越南一家供应商根据特斯拉企业社会责任审计的发现，为原本未分隔的母婴室安装了隔断帘
12, 19
Supplier in Taiwan switched to an anonymous online form to gather worker feedback based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits that found a violation in employee privacy due to a security camera being located near an employee feedback box 台湾一家供应商根据特斯拉企业社会责任审计的发现，将员工反馈方式改为匿名在线表单。审计发现原设在意见箱附近的监控摄像头存在侵犯员工隐私的违规行为
23
Supplier in Mexico implemented workplace risk assessment, provided safety control measures and instituted periodic inspections based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits, which identified that workers did not have appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) 墨西哥一家供应商根据特斯拉企业社会责任审计的发现，实施了工作场所风险评估，提供安全管控措施并建立定期检查制度。审计发现工人未配备适当的个人防护装备(PPE)
23
Suppliers in Indonesia conducted investigations and updated policies and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) reporting expectations after Tesla identified improvement needs related to industrial accidents and reports of safety incidences 印度尼西亚多家供应商在特斯拉提出关于工业事故和安全事件报告的改进要求后，开展了调查并更新了职业健康安全(OHS)政策及报告规范
Advance (Promote the recognition and realization of human rights) 推进（促进人权的认知与实现）
23, 25
Launched an initiative to embed minimum and living wage data in sourcing tools to identify human rights and underpricing risks where suppliers are paying below benchmarks 发起一项倡议，将最低工资和生活工资数据嵌入采购工具，以识别供应商支付低于基准时存在的人权和定价过低风险
23, 25
Mine site in Rwanda started to directly employ previously unauthorized miners and provided PPE after the Tesla-supported Better Mining monitoring and corrective action system identified safety incidents. The successful approach was scaled to two additional mines thereafter 卢旺达矿区在特斯拉支持的"Better Mining"监测与纠正行动系统发现安全事故后，开始直接雇佣此前无证矿工并提供个人防护装备。这一成功做法随后推广至另外两处矿区
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article Article Number Tesla's Impact
Defend (Safeguard and protect individuals from violations of their rights) All, with focus on 4 More than 450 supply chain employees were trained to communicate with suppliers on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
27 Updated Tesla's Global Human Rights Policy and thereby committed to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
All More than 15,000 supplier contacts were made aware of human rights expectations and Tesla's Integrity Line to report human rights concerns
Protect (Create systems to ensure human rights are not violated) 12, 25 Supplier in Vietnam installed a curtain partition for a previously unpartitioned mother's room based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits
12, 19 Supplier in Taiwan switched to an anonymous online form to gather worker feedback based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits that found a violation in employee privacy due to a security camera being located near an employee feedback box
23 Supplier in Mexico implemented workplace risk assessment, provided safety control measures and instituted periodic inspections based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits, which identified that workers did not have appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
23 Suppliers in Indonesia conducted investigations and updated policies and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) reporting expectations after Tesla identified improvement needs related to industrial accidents and reports of safety incidences
Advance (Promote the recognition and realization of human rights) 23, 25 Launched an initiative to embed minimum and living wage data in sourcing tools to identify human rights and underpricing risks where suppliers are paying below benchmarks
23, 25 Mine site in Rwanda started to directly employ previously unauthorized miners and provided PPE after the Tesla-supported Better Mining monitoring and corrective action system identified safety incidents. The successful approach was scaled to two additional mines thereafter| Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article | Article Number | Tesla's Impact |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Defend (Safeguard and protect individuals from violations of their rights) | All, with focus on 4 | More than 450 supply chain employees were trained to communicate with suppliers on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
| | 27 | Updated Tesla's Global Human Rights Policy and thereby committed to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) |
| | All | More than 15,000 supplier contacts were made aware of human rights expectations and Tesla's Integrity Line to report human rights concerns |
| Protect (Create systems to ensure human rights are not violated) | 12, 25 | Supplier in Vietnam installed a curtain partition for a previously unpartitioned mother's room based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits |
| | 12, 19 | Supplier in Taiwan switched to an anonymous online form to gather worker feedback based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits that found a violation in employee privacy due to a security camera being located near an employee feedback box |
| | 23 | Supplier in Mexico implemented workplace risk assessment, provided safety control measures and instituted periodic inspections based on a finding from one of Tesla's required Corporate Social Responsibility Audits, which identified that workers did not have appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) |
| | 23 | Suppliers in Indonesia conducted investigations and updated policies and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) reporting expectations after Tesla identified improvement needs related to industrial accidents and reports of safety incidences |
| Advance (Promote the recognition and realization of human rights) | 23, 25 | Launched an initiative to embed minimum and living wage data in sourcing tools to identify human rights and underpricing risks where suppliers are paying below benchmarks |
| | 23, 25 | Mine site in Rwanda started to directly employ previously unauthorized miners and provided PPE after the Tesla-supported Better Mining monitoring and corrective action system identified safety incidents. The successful approach was scaled to two additional mines thereafter |
We work to ensure freely chosen employment 我们致力于保障自由选择的就业权利
Tesla recognizes that the risk of forced labor in our global supply chain deserves our continued and unwavering commitment to combat. In 2024, we strengthened due diligence and transparency across our supply chain and worked to proactively identify and mitigate risks. The process to combat forced labor follows the procedure outlined on page 184, and includes supply chain mapping. 特斯拉认识到，全球供应链中存在的强迫劳动风险需要我们持续且坚定地予以打击。2024 年，我们加强了整个供应链的尽职调查和透明度，并积极识别和降低风险。打击强迫劳动的程序遵循第 184 页所述流程，包括供应链图谱绘制。
We follow a risk-based approach that identifies indicators requiring deeper assessment that-if left unmitigated-can contribute to an environment that could be exploited for forced labor. This process leverages and is aligned with the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) risk indicators. 我们采用基于风险的方法，识别出需要深入评估的指标——若未及时缓解——这些指标可能形成易滋生强迫劳动的温床。该流程借鉴并符合国际劳工组织（ILO）的风险指标体系。
While these indicators represent areas requiring attention and improvement, they do not necessarily confirm the presence of forced labor. A list of these indicators and their identified prevalence as observed through our CSR audits is shown here. 虽然这些指标代表需要关注和改进的领域，但它们并不必然证实强迫劳动的存在。通过企业社会责任审计观察到的这些指标及其显现频率列表如下所示。
Indication Factors for Deeper Assessment Against Forced Labor 针对强迫劳动需深入评估的指标因素
(% of CSR auditees where indicator was identified) （企业社会责任审计对象中识别出该指标的百分比）
59%
on-site worker accommodation 现场工人宿舍
58%
use of dispatch or contract workers 派遣工或合同工的使用
39%
use of third-party labor agencies 使用第三方劳务机构
7%
use of foreign migrant workers 使用外籍移徙工人
We enforced corrective actions to support freely chosen employment 我们执行了纠正措施以支持自由选择的就业
In 2024, through our deeper assessment, we identified areas of concern. Below are examples of these areas and how we mitigated them. 2024 年，通过更深入的评估，我们发现了若干值得关注的领域。以下是这些领域的示例及我们采取的缓解措施。
For more detail on our forced labor mitigation work, see our Modern Slavery Statement. 欲了解更多关于我们强制劳动缓解工作的详细信息，请参阅我们的《现代奴隶制声明》。
In our 2023 report, we disclosed incidents of working hours falsification and inhumane treatment. The suppliers where these problems were identified have implemented corrective actions and no instances of these risks were identified in 2024. 在我们 2023 年的报告中，我们披露了工作时间造假和不人道待遇事件。发现这些问题的供应商已实施整改措施，2024 年未再发现此类风险案例。
Supply Chain 供应链
Areas of Concern 重点关注领域
Examples of Tesla Implemented/Initiated Measures 特斯拉实施/倡议措施的案例
Several 多项
Excessive overtime 过度加班
Suppliers created corrective action plans to reduce working hours and were re-assessed for improvement during follow-up closure audits 供应商制定了减少工时的整改计划，并在后续结案审核中重新评估改进情况
Several 多个
Worker-paid recruitment fees 工人自付的招聘费用
Since 2023, over 6,500 supplier workers have been reimbursed with nearly $500,000\$ 500,000 by their employers (Tesla's suppliers) based on Tesla's requirement for suppliers to implement the Employer Pays Principle 自 2023 年起，根据特斯拉要求供应商实施"雇主支付原则"，已有超过 6,500 名供应商工人获得其雇主（特斯拉供应商）近 $500,000\$ 500,000 的退款
Drive unit 驱动单元
Withholding of wages 克扣工资
Supplier-established procedure to no longer deduct from workers' wages costs including passport renewal fees, residential permits and labor agency monthly service fees. This impacted 102 workers in Taiwan 供应商已建立新程序，不再从工人工资中扣除包括护照续签费、居留许可和劳务中介月服务费在内的费用。此举影响了台湾地区的 102 名工人
Battery 电池
Retention of personal identity documents or passports 扣留个人身份证件或护照
Tesla initiated an investigation for additional information, implementation of a corrective action plan and raised expectations for changes in policy 特斯拉启动了调查以获取更多信息，实施纠正行动计划，并提高了对政策变更的期望
Chassis and power electronics supply chain 底盘和电力电子供应链
Deception through unclear communications 通过模糊沟通进行欺骗
Suppliers provided translated employment contracts and pay slips based on migrant workers' nationalities, so that migrant workers can understand their employment terms, entitlements and waves calculations.
This impacted 346 workers in Hungary, 142 workers in Malaysia and 40 workers in Mexico
Suppliers provided translated employment contracts and pay slips based on migrant workers' nationalities, so that migrant workers can understand their employment terms, entitlements and waves calculations.
This impacted 346 workers in Hungary, 142 workers in Malaysia and 40 workers in Mexico| Suppliers provided translated employment contracts and pay slips based on migrant workers' nationalities, so that migrant workers can understand their employment terms, entitlements and waves calculations. |
| :--- |
| This impacted 346 workers in Hungary, 142 workers in Malaysia and 40 workers in Mexico |
Supply Chain Areas of Concern Examples of Tesla Implemented/Initiated Measures
Several Excessive overtime Suppliers created corrective action plans to reduce working hours and were re-assessed for improvement during follow-up closure audits
Several Worker-paid recruitment fees Since 2023, over 6,500 supplier workers have been reimbursed with nearly $500,000 by their employers (Tesla's suppliers) based on Tesla's requirement for suppliers to implement the Employer Pays Principle
Drive unit Withholding of wages Supplier-established procedure to no longer deduct from workers' wages costs including passport renewal fees, residential permits and labor agency monthly service fees. This impacted 102 workers in Taiwan
Battery Retention of personal identity documents or passports Tesla initiated an investigation for additional information, implementation of a corrective action plan and raised expectations for changes in policy
Chassis and power electronics supply chain Deception through unclear communications "Suppliers provided translated employment contracts and pay slips based on migrant workers' nationalities, so that migrant workers can understand their employment terms, entitlements and waves calculations.
This impacted 346 workers in Hungary, 142 workers in Malaysia and 40 workers in Mexico"| Supply Chain | Areas of Concern | Examples of Tesla Implemented/Initiated Measures |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Several | Excessive overtime | Suppliers created corrective action plans to reduce working hours and were re-assessed for improvement during follow-up closure audits |
| Several | Worker-paid recruitment fees | Since 2023, over 6,500 supplier workers have been reimbursed with nearly $\$ 500,000$ by their employers (Tesla's suppliers) based on Tesla's requirement for suppliers to implement the Employer Pays Principle |
| Drive unit | Withholding of wages | Supplier-established procedure to no longer deduct from workers' wages costs including passport renewal fees, residential permits and labor agency monthly service fees. This impacted 102 workers in Taiwan |
| Battery | Retention of personal identity documents or passports | Tesla initiated an investigation for additional information, implementation of a corrective action plan and raised expectations for changes in policy |
| Chassis and power electronics supply chain | Deception through unclear communications | Suppliers provided translated employment contracts and pay slips based on migrant workers' nationalities, so that migrant workers can understand their employment terms, entitlements and waves calculations. <br> This impacted 346 workers in Hungary, 142 workers in Malaysia and 40 workers in Mexico |
We further enhanced our Corporate Social Responsibility Audit Program 我们进一步完善了企业社会责任审计计划
In 2024, our Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Audit Program continued to allow us to assess and address risks at our direct suppliers and play a key role in our efforts to reduce and remediate harm in our supply chain. We further enhanced our efforts to improve our suppliers’ capability to address non-conformances identified during our audits by embedding a Corrective Action Plan (CAP) review into the audit process requirements, regardless of whether a supplier must undergo a closure audit. We also launched newly established capacity building training sessions at supplier facilities, which engaged 147 personnel from several suppliers’ production facilities. These enhancements supported our selected suppliers in addressing non-conformances identified during audits, resulting in a 72% pass rate in subsequent closure audits. 2024 年，我们的企业社会责任(CSR)审计计划持续帮助我们评估和应对直接供应商的风险，并在减少和补救供应链损害方面发挥关键作用。我们通过将纠正行动计划(CAP)审查嵌入审计流程要求中（无论供应商是否需要进行结案审计），进一步加强了提升供应商解决审计中发现的不符合项能力的举措。我们还在供应商工厂开展了新设立的能力建设培训课程，多个供应商生产设施的 147 名人员参与其中。这些改进措施帮助选定供应商有效解决了审计中发现的不符合项，使后续结案审计通过率达到 72%。
In 2024, 58% of our suppliers that underwent an audit at our request were subject to such an audit for the first time, which contributes to our program’s average pass rate of below 50% at the initial audit stage. For suppliers prioritized for re-audit based on our two-year cycle, we have seen continued improvement with an overall pass rate of 63%, demonstrating the long-term positive impact our audits are having. Tesla’s program has continued to push the automotive industry, and thirdparty audit firms, toward a greater global uptake of social audits, especially for suppliers located outside of China and the greater APAC region where these audits have traditionally been focused. These efforts will increase the respect for workers’ rights and safety throughout the automotive industry. 2024 年，应我们要求接受审计的供应商中有 58%是首次经历此类审核，这导致我们项目在初次审计阶段的平均通过率低于 50%。对于基于两年周期优先安排复检的供应商，我们观察到持续改善，整体通过率达到 63%，证明我们的审计正在产生长期积极影响。特斯拉的项目持续推动汽车行业及第三方审计机构在全球范围内扩大社会责任审计的覆盖面，特别是在中国及亚太地区以外的供应商群体中，这些地区传统上并非审计重点。这些努力将提升整个汽车行业对工人权益和安全的重视程度。
Tesla maintains strong engagement with our selected third-party audit firms, including through on-site training and performance evaluations designed to ensure a high and consistent level of quality for the auditors Tesla uses, and continues to push for increasing the number of experienced auditors we work with globally. 特斯拉与我们选定的第三方审计机构保持紧密合作，包括通过现场培训和绩效评估来确保审计师保持高水平且稳定的工作质量，并持续推动增加我们在全球范围内合作的资深审计师数量。
We further enhanced our
Corporate Social Responsibility
Audit Program (cont'd) 我们进一步加强了企业社会责任审计计划（续）
Risk Identification Measures 风险识别措施
22
countries included in audits 审计涵盖的国家
39
closure audits 结项审计
187
initial audits 初步审计
100,000+
workers impacted by audits 受审计影响的员工
2021
Audits Conducted 已执行的审计
Average Non-Conformances per Audit* 每次审计的平均不符合项*
Labor 劳工
Health & Safety 健康与安全
Environment 环境
Ethics 道德
Management Systems 管理系统
Supply Chain Management 供应链管理
We make better purchasing decisions with better emissions data and visibility 凭借更完善的排放数据和可视化能力，我们做出更优的采购决策
We set ambitious decarbonization goals 我们设定了宏大的脱碳目标
Many companies have ambitious decarbonization goals and then worry later about how and if they can achieve them. Tesla instead focuses on impact and outcomes: where do we see the highest GHG emissions and what can we do to lower them? Accurate data is at the heart of a realistic decarbonization strategy. At the end of 2024, and as part of our efforts to focus on data quality, Tesla implemented a requirement for suppliers to establish an emissions monitoring plan such as ISO 14064 and/or 14067 or undergo an independent thirdparty verified product LCA. 许多企业制定了宏大的脱碳目标，却事后才担忧如何实现这些目标。特斯拉则专注于实际影响与成果：哪些领域温室气体排放最高？我们能采取哪些减排措施？精准数据是制定切实脱碳战略的核心。2024 年底，作为提升数据质量的重要举措，特斯拉要求供应商必须建立如 ISO 14064 和/或 14067 标准的排放监测体系，或接受第三方独立验证的产品生命周期评估。
Data Collection 数据收集
+100% increase in the volume of validated primary data collected from suppliers (increased from 12% in 2023 to 30%30 \% in 2024). 从供应商处获取的验证原始数据量实现 100%增长（从 2023 年的 12%提升至 2024 年的 30%30 \% ）。
Drafted and distributed supplier-facing guidelines defining (1) how to conduct a best-practice LCA inventory and carbon footprint and (2) what a robust decarbonization strategy must entail, notably disclosure of Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions alongside progress and actions, product-level GHG measurement, asset-specific roadmaps and prioritization of efficiency projects alongside renewable energy purchases. 制定并发布了面向供应商的指导文件，明确要求：(1) 如何开展最佳实践的 LCA 清单与碳足迹核算 (2) 完整脱碳战略必备要素，包括范围 1、2、3 排放披露及进展措施、产品级温室气体计量、资产专项路线图，以及能效项目与可再生能源采购的优先级规划。
In addition to engaging our suppliers to obtain their primary data, we leverage the use of location- and process-based emissions factors for aluminum and steel. The application of these emissions factors provides a strategic advantage by enabling granular visibility into the GHG emissions profiles of the aluminum and steel supply chain. This high-resolution insight not only enhances transparency but also allows us to improve our procurement strategy. 除了要求供应商提供原始数据外，我们还采用了基于地理位置和生产工艺的铝材钢材排放因子。运用这些排放因子具有战略优势，能让我们精细掌握铝钢供应链的温室气体排放情况。这种高分辨率的洞察不仅提升了透明度，还帮助我们优化采购策略。
We make better purchasing decisions with better emissions data and visibility (cont'd) 凭借更完善的排放数据与可视化分析，我们做出更明智的采购决策（续）
We include carbon in our purchasing decisions 我们将碳成本纳入采购考量
We built cost of carbon functionality into our sourcing systems, integrating the ability for our procurement teams to evaluate the cost of carbon emissions during their sourcing decisions. Supply chain managers can see a shadow cost of carbon based on emissions calculations as highlighted in this Impact Report, allowing Tesla to incorporate this previously externalized cost into their purchasing decisions. 我们在采购系统中内置了碳成本计算功能，使采购团队能在决策时评估碳排放成本。如本影响报告所述，供应链管理者可查看基于排放计算的碳影子成本，这让特斯拉能将这项传统外部化的成本纳入采购决策体系。
Tesla Commodity Supply Chain Emissions 特斯拉商品供应链排放
We moved beyond data collection to decarbonization in our battery supply chain 我们已从电池供应链的数据收集阶段迈向了脱碳实践
Batteries contribute 28.9% of our total supply chain GHG emissions. Our battery GHG emissions are significantly impacted by where we source our materials from. In 2024, supply chain shifts due to available capacity and regulatory requirements led to more sourcing from locations with higher GHG intensity. 电池占我们供应链温室气体排放总量的 28.9%。电池的温室气体排放很大程度上受材料采购地影响。2024 年，由于产能限制和法规要求导致的供应链调整，使我们更多地从温室气体排放强度较高的地区采购原材料。
To address this, we continued closing important data gaps while progressing real decarbonization through the tracking and monitoring of emissions reduction goals and progress for each supplier up to the mine. 为解决这一问题，我们持续填补关键数据缺口，同时通过追踪监测每个供应商直至矿场的减排目标和进展，推进实质性脱碳进程。
While most companies will rely on secondary estimates from outdated databases, our work is significantly based on primary data collected directly from suppliers with quality verified by our in-house experts (see figure on the next page). Based on this, we calculated GHG contributions by supply chain tier, which help prioritize our efforts in specific hotspots, notably at cell manufacturing, upstream refining and processing stages (see figure on the next page). 当大多数企业仍依赖过时数据库的二手估算数据时，我们的工作主要基于直接从供应商处收集的一手数据，并由内部专家进行质量验证（见下页图表）。基于此，我们计算了各供应链层级的温室气体贡献，从而优先在特定热点环节发力，特别是电芯制造、上游精炼和加工阶段（见下页图表）。
Improved data visibility allows us to drive tangible improvements, including the following highlights from 2024. 提升的数据透明度使我们能够推动实质性改进，以下是 2024 年取得的重点成果。
Our expectations remain that all battery cell manufacturers are working toward net-zero GHG emissions in production and will share their assetspecific roadmaps. Within raw materials and minerals, we focus on high-intensity minerals with the intention of reducing per-cell GHG emissions intensity. 我们仍期望所有电池制造商都致力于实现生产过程中的温室气体净零排放，并将分享其具体资产路线图。在原材料和矿物方面，我们重点关注高排放强度的矿物，旨在降低单体电池的温室气体排放强度。
See more on decarbonization within our operations starting on page 38. 有关我们运营中脱碳措施的更多内容，请参阅第 38 页。
Battery Supply Chain 电池供应链
72%
of our suppliers disclosed GHG emissions data (up 39% since 2023) 我们的供应商中披露温室气体排放数据的比例（自 2023 年以来增长 39%）
71%
of our suppliers have decarbonization plans (up from 39% in 2023) 我们的供应商中制定脱碳计划的比例（从 2023 年的 39%上升）
77%
of our suppliers aim to be net zero or carbon neutral by 2050 我们的供应商中计划到 2050 年实现净零排放或碳中和的比例
61%
of our suppliers have interim reduction targets (avg. -40% by 2030); 35%35 \% have Scope 1 and 2 net-zero GHG emissions targets; 42%42 \% have Scope 1, 2 and 3 net-zero GHG emissions targets 我们的供应商中有 35%35 \% 设定了中期减排目标（到 2030 年平均减少 40%）； 42%42 \% 制定了范围 1 和 2 的温室气体净零排放目标；@2#制定了范围 1、2 和 3 的温室气体净零排放目标
Nickel Suppliers 镍供应商
++
Commitment to investigating the use of alternative nickel feedstock that could reduce the GHG emissions intensity of products by 25%25 \% 承诺研究使用替代镍原料，可使产品温室气体排放强度降低 25%25 \% ++
Commitment to phase out coal for electricity generation and and study initiated to shift to natural gas as an intermediate energy source prior to completely decarbonizing electricity supply 承诺逐步淘汰煤炭发电，并已启动研究在电力供应完全脱碳前转向天然气作为过渡能源
Cell Suppliers 特斯拉主要电池供应商
2
of Tesla’s main cell suppliers purchased renewable energy certificates (RECs) for their facilities in 2024, enabling use of 100% renewable electricity within two years. Tesla is reviewing the quality and validity of these RECs 在 2024 年为其工厂购买了可再生能源证书(RECs)，使得两年内实现 100%可再生能源供电成为可能。特斯拉正在审查这些 RECs 的质量和有效性
1
key supplier production facility on track to reach carbon neutrality by the end of 2025 with another currently under construction (to be completed in 2025) expected to be carbon neutral on day one 关键供应商生产基地预计将在 2025 年底前实现碳中和，另一处目前正在建设中的设施（计划 2025 年完工）预计在投产首日即可实现碳中和
Graphite Suppliers 石墨供应商
100%
renewable electricity commitment using RECs at the most energyintensive processing step of the graphite value chain. Tesla is reviewing the quality and validity of these RECs 在石墨价值链能耗最高的加工环节通过使用可再生能源证书(RECs)实现清洁电力承诺。特斯拉正在评估这些 RECs 的质量和有效性
12%
increase in renewable energy use throughout a supplier production process by the construction of solar cells on site 通过在厂区建设太阳能电池板，实现供应商生产流程中可再生能源使用比例提升
We're reducing our environmental impact through battery production 我们通过电池生产减少环境影响
Our in-house programs 我们的内部项目
In 2024, GHG emissions from energy use in our cell manufacturing process were 64%64 \% lower compared to the industrial benchmark for nickel-rich cell manufacturing. This reduction is enabled by lower energy use due to dry anode production technology and lower GHG electricity at Gigafactory Texas. This reduction is based on operational data from 2024. 2024 年，我们电池制造过程中能源使用产生的温室气体排放量比镍基电池制造的行业基准低 64%64 \% 。这一减少得益于干法阳极生产技术带来的能耗降低，以及得克萨斯超级工厂使用的低碳电力。该减排数据基于 2024 年的运营数据。
We estimated that the planned future use of our inhouse cathode active material (CAM) production at Gigafactory Texas will lead to 74% reduction in GHG emissions compared to incumbent nickel-rich CAM production. This emissions reduction comes from lower electricity and oxygen use, and use of electricity with lower GHG emssions. 我们估算，与现行富镍正极活性材料（CAM）生产工艺相比，未来在得州超级工厂采用自主 CAM 生产计划将实现温室气体排放减少 74%。这一减排效果源自更低的电力与氧气消耗，以及采用温室气体排放更低的电力能源。
With External Cell and Cathode Suppliers 与外部电芯及正极供应商合作
100%
of cell suppliers shared recycled content goals 的电芯供应商设定了回收材料使用目标
100%
of direct cathode suppliers to our in-house cell program completed 为内部电芯项目供货的正极供应商已全部达标
Tesla’s Corporate Social Responsibility Audit 特斯拉企业社会责任审计
100%
of cell suppliers committed to or completed audits assessing working conditions and environmental management within the last two years 在过去两年内，承诺或已完成对工作条件和环境管理进行评估的电池供应商占比
100%
of cell and direct cathode suppliers have GHG emissions reduction programs, including commitments to 100% renewable energy by 2030, carbon neutrality at a key production facility by end of 2025 and carbon neutrality from day one for another one currently in production. 电池及直接正极材料供应商中，实施温室气体减排计划的比例，包括承诺到 2030 年使用 100%可再生能源、到 2025 年底实现关键生产设施的碳中和，以及另一家当前投产工厂从运营首日起即实现碳中和。
75%
of cell and direct cathode suppliers have completed LCAs that also provide their estimated GHG impact 部分电池和直接正极材料供应商已完成生命周期评估（LCA），同时提供了其预估的温室气体影响
We’re reducing our environmental impact through battery production (cont’d) 我们正通过电池生产持续降低环境影响（续）
Tesla Ni-Rich Cell Manufacturing Energy 2024 GHG Emissions Impact Comparison 特斯拉高镍电池制造能耗——2024 年温室气体排放影响对比
GHG Emissions Impact Percentage (%) 温室气体排放影响百分比(%)
We responsibly sourced materials for Megapack and Powerwall 我们负责任地采购 Megapack 和 Powerwall 的原材料
Megapack is Tesla’s industrial-scale energy storage solution. It stores energy to enable grid reliability and safety, eliminating the need for fossil fuel peaker plants and helping to avoid outages. Powerwall is a compact home battery that stores energy generated by solar or from the grid to provide backup power for you home. Energy storage is Tesla’s fastest growing business unit, with 31.4 GWh of storage deployed in 2024. Megapack 是特斯拉工业级规模的储能解决方案。它通过存储能量来保障电网的可靠性和安全性，无需依赖化石燃料调峰电厂，并有助于避免停电。Powerwall 是一款紧凑型家用电池，可存储太阳能或电网产生的能量，为您的家庭提供备用电源。储能业务是特斯拉增长最快的业务单元，2024 年部署量达 31.4 吉瓦时。
In 2024, we increased our focus on responsibly sourcing components for Megapack and Powerwall. This included: 2024 年，我们更加注重以负责任的方式采购 Megapack 和 Powerwall 的组件，具体措施包括：
Conducting in-person reviews of transport, production, inventory and financial documentation to verify supply chain maps 通过实地审查运输、生产、库存和财务文件来验证供应链图谱
Increasing Tesla-sourced lithium in the Megapack supply chain, further increasing control over upstream supply 在 Megapack 供应链中增加特斯拉自供锂的比例，进一步加强对上游供应的控制
Conducting 19 audits at downstream (cell production) and midstream (refiners) facilities, covering the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA) Code of Conduct (at downstream facilities) and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Minerals Supply Chains (at midstream facilities) and specific criteria related to working conditions (at both) 在下游（电池生产）和中游（精炼厂）设施进行了 19 次审计，涵盖责任商业联盟(RBA)行为准则（下游设施）、经合组织负责任矿产供应链尽职调查指南（中游设施）以及工作条件相关特定标准（两者皆适用）
Increasing sourcing for non-cell components from lower GHG emissions locations 增加来自低温室气体排放地区的非电池组件采购
Mapping cell supply chains to the mine level for critical minerals (lithium, iron phosphate and graphite) 将关键矿物（锂、磷酸铁和石墨）的电池供应链追溯至矿山层面
Implementing a supply chain decarbonization plan that includes a GHG emissions-monitoring system, a net-zero GHG emissions target and details on energy efficiency and renewables 实施一项供应链脱碳计划，包含温室气体排放监测系统、净零温室气体排放目标，以及能效与可再生能源的详细方案
We're laying the groundwork for true circularity of battery materials 我们正在为电池材料实现真正的循环利用奠定基础
We are committed to maximizing the sustainability of our battery supply chain through our recycling methods. Batteries and the materials they are composed of are inherently recyclable, which allows for the recovery of valuable resources and future reintegration in the production of new batteries. 我们致力于通过回收方法最大限度提升电池供应链的可持续性。电池及其构成材料本质可回收，这使得我们能够回收宝贵资源，并在未来重新用于新电池的生产。
In 2024, we made progress toward being able to complete many of the recycling steps at Tesla factories: After collecting old batteries from our products, we are able to shred them and recover nickel, cobalt, copper and lithium at our Nevada and Texas Gigafactories. In addition, we have made progress on constructing our own lithium refinery, which is preparing for cathode production and already producing cells. 2024 年，我们在特斯拉工厂完成多项电池回收工序方面取得进展：收集产品旧电池后，已能在内华达和德州超级工厂进行拆解，并回收镍、钴、铜和锂。此外，自建锂精炼厂的建设也取得进展，该厂正为阴极材料生产做准备，并已开始生产电池单元。
We recognize the value of strategic partnerships. We collaborate with external recycling partners to process materials eligible for traditional industry expertise. This allows us to advance core technologies and support the domestic recycling ecosystem. 我们深知战略合作伙伴关系的价值。我们与外部回收合作伙伴携手，共同处理适合传统行业专业技术的材料。这使我们能够推进核心技术发展，同时支持国内回收生态系统建设。
While we will continue to increase the proportion of recycled materials used in our products, Tesla recognizes the continued importance of responsibly sourced primary materials and the critical role they play in supporting the livelihoods and economies of communities in mineral sourcing regions. 尽管我们将持续提高产品中回收材料的占比，特斯拉也认识到负责任采购的原生材料仍具重要意义，这些材料对于维持矿产来源地区社区生计和经济发展起着关键作用。
For more information on Tesla’s circularity programming, see pages 60-63. 欲了解更多关于特斯拉循环计划的信息，请参阅第 60-63 页。
We're laying the groundwork for true circularity of battery materials (cont'd) 我们正在为电池材料的真正循环利用奠定基础（续）
Process Step 处理步骤
Collection of Old Batteries 废旧电池回收
Shredding 粉碎
Material Recovery 材料回收
Re-Integration With Refining 与精炼环节的再整合
Re-Integration With Cathode and Cell Manufacturing 与正极及电池制造的再整合
Tesla location 特斯拉工厂位置
Tesla Service Centers 特斯拉服务中心
Gigafactory Nevada / Hutto 内华达超级工厂/休托
Gigafactory Nevada / Hutto 内华达超级工厂/休托
Corpus Christi Lithium Refinery 科珀斯克里斯蒂锂精炼厂
Status 状态
Our battery recycling key achievements in 2024 2024 年我们在电池回收领域取得的关键成就
In 2024, we processed enough battery material through our recovery and recycling processes to manufacture the equivalent of ∼21,000\sim 21,000 Model Y RWD vehicles. As of today, these materials are diverted from landfills but are not always destined for the battery supply chain and may be downcycled into other industry applications when they do not meet the quality standards required for direct use. As recycling and refining capabilities continue to mature, consistent improvements in high-purity chemical refining are expected to minimize downcycling, enhancing the sustainability of the battery lifecycle. 2024 年，通过我们的回收处理流程，我们加工了足量的电池材料，其总量相当于可生产 ∼21,000\sim 21,000 辆 Model Y 后驱版车型。截至目前，这些材料虽避免了填埋处理，但并不总是进入电池供应链——当它们无法达到直接再利用的质量标准时，可能会被降级回收应用于其他工业领域。随着回收和精炼技术的持续成熟，高纯度化学精炼工艺的不断改进有望减少降级回收的情况，从而提升电池生命周期的可持续性。
Metric 指标
2023
uarr2024\uparrow 2024
Recovered Nickel 回收镍
2,431mt2,431 \mathrm{mt}
5,312mt5,312 \mathrm{mt}
Recovered Cobalt 回收钴
117 mt 117 公吨
599 mt 599 公吨
Recovered Copper 回收铜
860 mt 860 公吨
2,407mt2,407 \mathrm{mt}
Recovered Lithium 回收锂
329 mt 329 公吨
1,120mt1,120 \mathrm{mt}
% of material recovered from returned or end-of-life products 从回收或报废产品中提取的材料占比
>90%
>90%
MT/month battery recycling throughput at Gigafactry Nevada 内华达超级工厂每月电池回收处理量（公吨）
500+mt500+\mathrm{mt}
590+mt590+\mathrm{mt}
MWh of battery materials processed at our battery processing facility 我们电池处理设施处理的电池材料达兆瓦时
650 MWh , enough for 9,000+ MY RWD 650 兆瓦时，足以生产 9,000 多辆 Model Y 后驱版
1.7 GWh, enough for 21,000+ MY RWD 1.7 吉瓦时，足以生产 21,000 多辆 Model Y 后驱版
GWh of battery materials sent to our recycling partners 发送给回收合作伙伴的电池材料达吉瓦时
3 GWh , enough for 43,000+ MY RWD 3 千兆瓦时，可为 43,000 多辆 Model Y 后驱版供电
5.3 GWh, enough for 64,000+ MY RWD 5.3 千兆瓦时，可为 64,000 多辆 Model Y 后驱版供电
Metric 2023 uarr2024
Recovered Nickel 2,431mt 5,312mt
Recovered Cobalt 117 mt 599 mt
Recovered Copper 860 mt 2,407mt
Recovered Lithium 329 mt 1,120mt
% of material recovered from returned or end-of-life products >90% >90%
MT/month battery recycling throughput at Gigafactry Nevada 500+mt 590+mt
MWh of battery materials processed at our battery processing facility 650 MWh , enough for 9,000+ MY RWD 1.7 GWh, enough for 21,000+ MY RWD
GWh of battery materials sent to our recycling partners 3 GWh , enough for 43,000+ MY RWD 5.3 GWh, enough for 64,000+ MY RWD| Metric | 2023 | $\uparrow 2024$ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Recovered Nickel | $2,431 \mathrm{mt}$ | $5,312 \mathrm{mt}$ |
| Recovered Cobalt | 117 mt | 599 mt |
| Recovered Copper | 860 mt | $2,407 \mathrm{mt}$ |
| Recovered Lithium | 329 mt | $1,120 \mathrm{mt}$ |
| % of material recovered from returned or end-of-life products | >90% | >90% |
| MT/month battery recycling throughput at Gigafactry Nevada | $500+\mathrm{mt}$ | $590+\mathrm{mt}$ |
| MWh of battery materials processed at our battery processing facility | 650 MWh , enough for 9,000+ MY RWD | 1.7 GWh, enough for 21,000+ MY RWD |
| GWh of battery materials sent to our recycling partners | 3 GWh , enough for 43,000+ MY RWD | 5.3 GWh, enough for 64,000+ MY RWD |
Cobalt 钴
We source cobalt for nickel-based cells from Glencore’s large-scale mines (LSM) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which are regularly audited against criteria surveying for no child labor, worker security and respect for human rights and no mixing with material from artisanal and small-scale mines (ASM), among others. 我们为镍基电池采购的钴来自嘉能可在刚果民主共和国(DRC)的大型矿山(LSM)，这些矿山定期接受审核，确保无童工、保障工人安全、尊重人权且不与手工和小规模采矿(ASM)材料混用等标准。
We focus on these criteria as they are related to potential risks that were identified as most salient in this context. 我们重点关注这些标准，因为它们与在此背景下被认为最突出的潜在风险相关。
Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) and Mutanda Mining (MUMI) participated in the CopperMark independent assessments in Q4 2024, which spanned 5-7 days and included 200-300 worker and external stakeholder interviews. The findings provide a clear and ambitious framework for continuous improvement with actions identified across all criteria. 卡莫托铜业公司(KCC)和穆坦达矿业(MUMI)参与了 2024 年第四季度铜业标志独立评估，评估历时 5-7 天，包含 200-300 名工人及外部利益相关方访谈。评估结果为持续改进提供了清晰而宏大的框架，并在所有标准中确定了具体行动方案。
When a criterion is rated “partially meets,” corrective actions are required by Q2 2026. When a criterion is rated “fully meets,” continuous improvement commitments are made. These audit reports are available on the CopperMark website. This is the first time a mine in the DRC underwent an audit against the CopperMark 3.0 standard with significantly more stringent requirements. 当某项标准被评为"部分符合"时，需在 2026 年第二季度前采取整改措施；若被评为"完全符合"，则需作出持续改进承诺。这些审计报告可在 CopperMark 官网上查阅。这是刚果民主共和国矿山首次接受 CopperMark 3.0 标准审计，该标准的要求显著更为严格。
Key Achievements 主要成就
Four audits conducted in the past three years in alignment with the standards from the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (RMAP) (to verify no mixing with material from ASMs), and CopperMark (to assess responsible mining practices and community engagement). Tesla shadowed parts of these audits in-person to ensure audits are credible, legitimate, robust and comprehensive. 过去三年中按照责任矿产倡议(RMI)责任矿产保证流程(RMAP)标准（验证未与手工和小规模采矿材料混合）和铜业标志(CopperMark)标准（评估负责任的采矿实践和社区参与）完成了四次审核。特斯拉派员实地参与了部分审核过程，以确保审核的可信性、合法性、严谨性和全面性。
01
Visited community projects around Glencore’s operations, including a rehabilitated school and agricultural farming projects 实地考察了嘉能可运营点周边的社区项目，包括一所翻新学校和农业种植项目
02
Continued commitment to completing and sharing site-level LCA in 2025, updating previous LCA results from 2022 持续承诺将于 2025 年完成并公布场地级生命周期评估(LCA)，同时更新 2022 年的先前 LCA 结果
03
Developed a shared exchange framework with Glencore and regularly met to align priorities and discuss progress, hurdles and opportunities 与嘉能可共同开发了共享交流框架，定期会面以协调优先事项，并讨论进展、障碍和机遇
04
Established a publicly available, monthly updated satellite monitoring system of its Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) operation that shows the scale and type of industrial operations, providing direct visibility that this is not an ASM production 建立了一个公开可查、每月更新的卫星监测系统，用于监控其卡莫托铜业公司（KCC）的运营情况，展示工业运营的规模和类型，直接证明这不是手工小规模采矿（ASM）生产
Criterion 标准
Audit Finding 审计发现
Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) 卡莫托铜业公司(KCC)
Mutanda Mining (MUMI) 穆坦达矿业(MUMI)
No child labor 无童工
Fully meets 完全符合
Fully meets 完全符合
Respect human rights, create economic opportunities and contribute to the formalization and professionalization of artisanal and small-scale mining operations where it is safe and legally and/or legitimately possible 尊重人权，创造经济机会，并在安全且法律和/或合法可行的情况下，促进手工和小规模采矿作业的正规化和专业化
Fully meets 完全符合
Fully meets 完全符合
Respect communities' rights to healthy and safe living conditions through the implementation of systems to prevent health and safety risks and remedy adverse impacts 通过实施预防健康与安全风险的系统并补救不利影响，尊重社区享有健康安全生活条件的权利
Fully meets 完全符合
Fully meets 完全符合
Avoid, minimize, rectify and compensate communities for adverse impacts on water balance, flow, quality and access and needs of other water users and wildlife from operational activities 避免、最小化、纠正并补偿运营活动对水平衡、水流、水质、用水获取及其他用水者与野生动物需求造成的不利影响
Partially meets. Corrective actions will include improvements in the integration of water management with operational schedules, additional runoff controls and increased consideration for cumulative impacts from other mining operations in the water management plan 部分符合。整改措施将包括改进水资源管理与运营计划的整合、增设径流控制措施，并在水资源管理计划中加强对其他采矿作业累积影响的考量
Partially meets. Corrective actions will include improvements in the integration of water management with operational schedules and increased consideration for cumulative impacts from other mining operations in the water management plan 部分符合。整改措施将包括改进水资源管理与运营计划的整合，并在水资源管理计划中加强对其他采矿作业累积影响的考量
Respect workers' rights to fair and decent employment terms, preventing and remedying adverse impacts 尊重工人获得公平体面就业条件的权利，预防并补救负面影响
Partially meets. Corrective action will include clearer definitions of job classifications, career progression opportunities and improvements to living wage assessments 部分符合。整改措施将包括更清晰的岗位分类定义、职业发展机会以及改进生活工资评估标准
Partially meets. Corrective action will include clearer definitions of job classifications, career progression opportunities and improvements to living wage assessments 部分符合。纠正措施将包括更明确的工作分类定义、职业发展机会以及生活工资评估的改进
Business integrity 商业诚信
Fully meets 完全符合
Fully meets 完全符合
Revenue transparency 收入透明度
Fully meets 完全符合
Fully meets 完全符合
Legal compliance 法律合规性
Fully meets 完全符合
Fully meets 完全符合
Criterion Audit Finding
Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) Mutanda Mining (MUMI)
No child labor Fully meets Fully meets
Respect human rights, create economic opportunities and contribute to the formalization and professionalization of artisanal and small-scale mining operations where it is safe and legally and/or legitimately possible Fully meets Fully meets
Respect communities' rights to healthy and safe living conditions through the implementation of systems to prevent health and safety risks and remedy adverse impacts Fully meets Fully meets
Avoid, minimize, rectify and compensate communities for adverse impacts on water balance, flow, quality and access and needs of other water users and wildlife from operational activities Partially meets. Corrective actions will include improvements in the integration of water management with operational schedules, additional runoff controls and increased consideration for cumulative impacts from other mining operations in the water management plan Partially meets. Corrective actions will include improvements in the integration of water management with operational schedules and increased consideration for cumulative impacts from other mining operations in the water management plan
Respect workers' rights to fair and decent employment terms, preventing and remedying adverse impacts Partially meets. Corrective action will include clearer definitions of job classifications, career progression opportunities and improvements to living wage assessments Partially meets. Corrective action will include clearer definitions of job classifications, career progression opportunities and improvements to living wage assessments
Business integrity Fully meets Fully meets
Revenue transparency Fully meets Fully meets
Legal compliance Fully meets Fully meets| Criterion | Audit Finding | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| | Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) | Mutanda Mining (MUMI) |
| No child labor | Fully meets | Fully meets |
| Respect human rights, create economic opportunities and contribute to the formalization and professionalization of artisanal and small-scale mining operations where it is safe and legally and/or legitimately possible | Fully meets | Fully meets |
| Respect communities' rights to healthy and safe living conditions through the implementation of systems to prevent health and safety risks and remedy adverse impacts | Fully meets | Fully meets |
| Avoid, minimize, rectify and compensate communities for adverse impacts on water balance, flow, quality and access and needs of other water users and wildlife from operational activities | Partially meets. Corrective actions will include improvements in the integration of water management with operational schedules, additional runoff controls and increased consideration for cumulative impacts from other mining operations in the water management plan | Partially meets. Corrective actions will include improvements in the integration of water management with operational schedules and increased consideration for cumulative impacts from other mining operations in the water management plan |
| Respect workers' rights to fair and decent employment terms, preventing and remedying adverse impacts | Partially meets. Corrective action will include clearer definitions of job classifications, career progression opportunities and improvements to living wage assessments | Partially meets. Corrective action will include clearer definitions of job classifications, career progression opportunities and improvements to living wage assessments |
| Business integrity | Fully meets | Fully meets |
| Revenue transparency | Fully meets | Fully meets |
| Legal compliance | Fully meets | Fully meets |
We continue to support responsible ASM through the Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA) 我们继续通过公平钴联盟(FCA)支持负责任的 ASM（手工和小规模采矿）
While all of Tesla’s cobalt sources are industrial LSM, we continue to co-fund and serve on the Steering Committee of the Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA), a multi-stakeholder action platform launched in 2020 to mobilize resources across the cobalt supply chain to deliver technical assistance and investment in support of a vision for a formal, fair and safe ASM cobalt sector. 尽管特斯拉所有的钴来源均为工业化大规模采矿(LSM)，我们仍持续共同资助并担任公平钴联盟(FCA)指导委员会成员。该多利益相关方行动平台于 2020 年启动，旨在动员钴供应链资源提供技术援助和投资，以推动实现手工和小规模采矿(ASM)钴行业的正规化、公平化和安全化愿景。
We remain committed to staying engaged in the DRC to improve conditions in the ASM and LSM cobalt mining sector, which continues to be an important source for the livelihoods of the local population. In October 2024, Tesla visited the FCA’s office and mine implementation site to witness progress and engage on next steps for the program. 我们仍致力于继续参与刚果民主共和国的事务，以改善手工及小型规模钴矿开采行业的条件，该行业仍是当地居民生计的重要来源。2024 年 10 月，特斯拉团队访问了 FCA 办公室及矿区实施现场，实地考察项目进展并商讨后续行动计划。
Key Accomplishments in 2024: 2024 年主要成果：
children who were found working in ASMs were enrolled in a comprehensive remediation program including reintegration to education, living stipends and health and psycho-social support. Four children have successfully completed the program. 在手工矿区发现的童工已全部纳入综合救助计划，包括重返校园、生活补助以及健康与心理社会支持。已有四名儿童成功完成该计划。
roofs were constructed on underground tunnels to stabilize pit entry and prevent flooding during the rainy season, significantly surpassing the installation of 5 roofs in 2023. 为地下矿道搭建了顶部支护结构以稳固矿坑入口并防止雨季淹井，这一数字远超 2023 年完成的 5 处支护结构安装量。
Nickel 镍
In 2024, Tesla sourced over 49% of the nickel in our batteries directly from miners and refiners. For the rest, we require traceability and upstream performance improvements. All nickel used in Tesla batteries in 2024 was traced to its origin of extraction. 2024 年，特斯拉电池中超过 49%的镍直接采购自矿场和精炼厂。对于其余部分，我们要求可追溯性及上游生产环节的持续改进。2024 年特斯拉电池所使用的镍均实现了开采源头的全程追溯。
Risk identification activities: 风险识别措施：
17 audits across mines and smelters 完成 17 次矿山与冶炼厂审计
10 product LCAs for nickel suppliers or facilities assessed, covering all directly contracted suppliers 已评估 10 家镍供应商或设施的产品生命周期分析，涵盖所有直接签约供应商
Received and reviewed decarbonization plans from long-term, directly contracted nickel suppliers 收到并审核了长期直接签约镍供应商的脱碳计划
Assessed site-specific Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs) to understand environmental risks associated with mine sites and processing facilities entering Tesla’s supply chain 评估了特定场地的环境与社会影响评估(ESIAs)，以了解进入特斯拉供应链的矿场和加工设施相关的环境风险
Direct Nickel Sourcing 直接镍矿采购
(Tesla 2024) 2024 年特斯拉
49%
of the nickel in our batteries sourced directly from miners and refiners 我们电池中的镍直接来自矿商和精炼商
GHG emissions 温室气体排放
Supplier committed to reduce fossil fuel power with over 60 MW solar and wind supported by battery storage 供应商承诺通过 60 兆瓦以上太阳能和风能（配备电池储能）减少化石燃料发电
Requested direct suppliers to phase out coal as an electricity source, including committing to develop a study to phase out coal use for renewables using natural gas as an intermediate step 要求直接供应商逐步淘汰煤炭作为电力来源，包括承诺开展研究，以天然气作为过渡步骤，逐步用可再生能源取代煤炭使用
One supplier continued expanding the use of battery EVs (BEVs) in underground mines, using 50 BEVs for a range of activities (drilling, loading and hauling) in 2024 一家供应商继续扩大电池电动车(BEV)在地下矿山的应用，2024 年已使用 50 辆 BEV 执行多种作业（钻孔、装载和运输）
Water and air pollution, deforestation 水污染和空气污染，森林砍伐
Deposition of Process Tailings on and biodiversity 加工尾矿的堆积及其对生物多样性的影响
Required facilities producing tailings to use more stable dry stack storage methods. One supplier is currently switching from wet tailing to dry stack tailings 要求生产尾矿的设施采用更稳定的干式堆存方法。目前一家供应商正从湿式尾矿转向干式堆存
One supplier published the outcome of an independent tailings review, in alignment with Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management, which included the requirement to implement a long-term recovery plan 一家供应商发布了独立尾矿审查结果，该审查符合《全球尾矿管理行业标准》，其中包括实施长期恢复计划的要求
Human Rights, Forced Labor and Indigenous Communities 人权、强迫劳动与土著社区
One supplier committed to supporting Indigenous communities’ participation in mining projects by signing with Canada’s First Nations Major Projects Coalition 一家供应商通过签署加拿大原住民重大项目联盟协议，承诺支持土著社区参与采矿项目
One supplier increased communications about tailings management with local communities as a result of community concerns raised with regard to tailings failure 由于当地社区对尾矿溃坝问题的担忧，一家供应商加强了关于尾矿管理的社区沟通
Suppliers developed improved grievance mechanisms, including by making them accessible online as well as without phone and computer to enable participation of local Indigenous groups 供应商完善了申诉机制，包括提供在线申诉渠道以及无需电话和电脑的申诉方式，以确保当地土著群体的参与
Communicated requirements for Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) to suppliers 向供应商传达自由、事先和知情同意(FPIC)的要求
Location
Canada
New Caledonia
Australia
Indonesia
China
Indonesia
China| Location |
| :--- |
| Canada |
| New Caledonia |
| Australia |
| Indonesia |
| China |
| Indonesia |
| China |
LCA Status
Completed
D No Commitment
Completed
Completed
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_07_01_428a8d6ee1a68165df3ag-166.jpg?height=73&width=92&top_left_y=2464&top_left_x=4430
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_07_01_428a8d6ee1a68165df3ag-166.jpg?height=83&width=92&top_left_y=2675&top_left_x=4430
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_07_01_428a8d6ee1a68165df3ag-166.jpg?height=93&width=92&top_left_y=2883&top_left_x=4430| LCA Status |
| :--- |
| Completed |
| D No Commitment |
| Completed |
| Completed |
|  |
|  |
|  |
Decarbonization Plan Status 脱碳计划状态
Committed 承诺
Committed 承诺
Committed 承诺
Committed 承诺
Completed 已完成
Committed 已承诺
Completed 已完成
Nickel in Indonesia 印度尼西亚镍矿
Similar to last year, many of our responsible sourcing efforts focused on Indonesia, a significant and growing global source for nickel and other battery materials. We require that all suppliers are audited to international standards, including those in Indonesia. We formally requested all mine sites feeding into our supply chain to pursue the Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA) and that all smelters are RMAP-conformant. 与去年类似，我们负责任的采购工作重点仍集中在印度尼西亚——这一全球重要且不断增长的镍及其他电池材料产地。我们要求所有供应商（包括印尼当地企业）必须通过国际标准审计。已正式要求供应链上游所有采矿场申请"负责任采矿保证倡议"(IRMA)认证，并确保所有冶炼厂符合"负责任矿产保证流程"(RMAP)标准。
Risk identification activities in Indonesia in 2024: 2024 年在印度尼西亚开展的风险识别活动：
2 due diligence trips were taken by Tesla responsible sourcing staff to supply chain sites in September and November 2024 特斯拉负责任采购团队于 2024 年 9 月和 11 月对供应链基地进行了 2 次尽职调查访问
7 audits were completed at upstream nickel mines and smelters 完成了对上游镍矿及冶炼厂的 7 次审计
100%100 \% of identified mines have completed selfassessments and are in the process of engaging IRMA to complete an audit in the next two years 100%100 \% 个已识别的矿山已完成自我评估，并正在与 IRMA 接洽以在未来两年内完成审计
5 LCAs were collected for nickel-producing facilities 收集了 5 份镍生产设施的生命周期评估报告
Facility-specific GHG emissions inventories used to create our most accurate product carbon footprint (PCF) LCA of nickel-based cells to date 使用设施特定的温室气体排放清单，创建了我们迄今为止最精确的镍基电池产品碳足迹(PCF)生命周期评估
Ongoing engagement with NGOs, industry associations and expert consultants, including as an active member of the RMI Nickel Working Group 持续与非政府组织、行业协会和专家顾问保持合作，包括作为 RMI 镍工作组的活跃成员
- Re-communicated zero tolerance for tailings disposal into oceans
- Required suppliers to prepare and enact decarbonization plans at each Indonesian facility, such as developing cogeneration and waste heat recovery processes to produce 30% lower GHG emissions high-grade nickel matte
- Facilitated roadmaps with suppliers on renewable energy production, starting with ISO 50001 energy management systems for carbon inventory development, installation of up to 200 MW of rooftop and ground-mount solar in 2025, EV dump truck adoption and exploration of lower-emission alternatives with captive coal operators, including hydropower and biomass generation, with goals of 16-35% renewable energy by 2029
- Increased sourcing from lower carbon processing options like High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL), which uses on-site exothermic sulfuric acid production to reduce external energy demand by up to 85%
- Re-communicated zero tolerance for tailings disposal into oceans
- Required suppliers to prepare and enact decarbonization plans at each Indonesian facility, such as developing cogeneration and waste heat recovery processes to produce 30% lower GHG emissions high-grade nickel matte
- Facilitated roadmaps with suppliers on renewable energy production, starting with ISO 50001 energy management systems for carbon inventory development, installation of up to 200 MW of rooftop and ground-mount solar in 2025, EV dump truck adoption and exploration of lower-emission alternatives with captive coal operators, including hydropower and biomass generation, with goals of 16-35% renewable energy by 2029
- Increased sourcing from lower carbon processing options like High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL), which uses on-site exothermic sulfuric acid production to reduce external energy demand by up to 85%| - Re-communicated zero tolerance for tailings disposal into oceans |
| :--- |
| - Required suppliers to prepare and enact decarbonization plans at each Indonesian facility, such as developing cogeneration and waste heat recovery processes to produce 30% lower GHG emissions high-grade nickel matte |
| - Facilitated roadmaps with suppliers on renewable energy production, starting with ISO 50001 energy management systems for carbon inventory development, installation of up to 200 MW of rooftop and ground-mount solar in 2025, EV dump truck adoption and exploration of lower-emission alternatives with captive coal operators, including hydropower and biomass generation, with goals of 16-35% renewable energy by 2029 |
| - Increased sourcing from lower carbon processing options like High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL), which uses on-site exothermic sulfuric acid production to reduce external energy demand by up to 85% |
Water and air pollution, deforestation and biodiversity 水污染与空气污染、森林砍伐及生物多样性
- Supplying mines provided evidence of revegetation, including maps of opened, planned and restored terrain; mining permits; and mine closure plans (progress validated via on-site visits)
- Supplying mines provided evidence of water management through erosion control, sedimentation ponds and onsite and downstream pH and turbidity monitoring
- Supplying mines provided evidence of biodiversity management, including baseline flora and fauna studies, endemic species protection, local plant nurseries and detailed monitoring of operations and post-mining restoration
- Communicated expectation to all Indonesian suppliers to pursue green PROPER ratings, a national standard for environmental performance that requires entities to exceed legal standards
- Requested Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
- Supplying mines provided evidence of revegetation, including maps of opened, planned and restored terrain; mining permits; and mine closure plans (progress validated via on-site visits)
- Supplying mines provided evidence of water management through erosion control, sedimentation ponds and onsite and downstream pH and turbidity monitoring
- Supplying mines provided evidence of biodiversity management, including baseline flora and fauna studies, endemic species protection, local plant nurseries and detailed monitoring of operations and post-mining restoration
- Communicated expectation to all Indonesian suppliers to pursue green PROPER ratings, a national standard for environmental performance that requires entities to exceed legal standards| - Requested Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) |
| :--- |
| - Supplying mines provided evidence of revegetation, including maps of opened, planned and restored terrain; mining permits; and mine closure plans (progress validated via on-site visits) |
| - Supplying mines provided evidence of water management through erosion control, sedimentation ponds and onsite and downstream pH and turbidity monitoring |
| - Supplying mines provided evidence of biodiversity management, including baseline flora and fauna studies, endemic species protection, local plant nurseries and detailed monitoring of operations and post-mining restoration |
| - Communicated expectation to all Indonesian suppliers to pursue green PROPER ratings, a national standard for environmental performance that requires entities to exceed legal standards |
- Continued to engage with NGOs, the government of Indonesia and mining companies to identify how and where a no-go zone for mining could be implemented to protect Indigenous communities
- Suppliers provided evidence for improved community engagement through regular town halls, development of local waste and water treatment plants and invitation of NGOs to industrial sites for monitoring and feedback
- Continued to engage with NGOs, the government of Indonesia and mining companies to identify how and where a no-go zone for mining could be implemented to protect Indigenous communities
- Suppliers provided evidence for improved community engagement through regular town halls, development of local waste and water treatment plants and invitation of NGOs to industrial sites for monitoring and feedback| - Continued to engage with NGOs, the government of Indonesia and mining companies to identify how and where a no-go zone for mining could be implemented to protect Indigenous communities |
| :--- |
| - Suppliers provided evidence for improved community engagement through regular town halls, development of local waste and water treatment plants and invitation of NGOs to industrial sites for monitoring and feedback |
Worker health and safety and freedom of movement 工人健康安全与行动自由保障
- Engaged directly with suppliers to prohibit the practice of worker passport retention and recruitment fees to ensure worker freedom of movement
- Requested all suppliers to complete reviews of their OHS practices in response to industrial accidents, which led to additional safety trainings (including ILO training modules), installing sprinklers for fire safety, posting safety signs in three languages, appropriately labelling safety materials and ensuring easier access to first aid kits
- Ensured all active suppliers are certified against ISO45001 (new facilities are expected to achieve this certification within six months of operation)
- Engaged directly with suppliers to prohibit the practice of worker passport retention and recruitment fees to ensure worker freedom of movement
- Requested all suppliers to complete reviews of their OHS practices in response to industrial accidents, which led to additional safety trainings (including ILO training modules), installing sprinklers for fire safety, posting safety signs in three languages, appropriately labelling safety materials and ensuring easier access to first aid kits
- Ensured all active suppliers are certified against ISO45001 (new facilities are expected to achieve this certification within six months of operation)| - Engaged directly with suppliers to prohibit the practice of worker passport retention and recruitment fees to ensure worker freedom of movement |
| :--- |
| - Requested all suppliers to complete reviews of their OHS practices in response to industrial accidents, which led to additional safety trainings (including ILO training modules), installing sprinklers for fire safety, posting safety signs in three languages, appropriately labelling safety materials and ensuring easier access to first aid kits |
| - Ensured all active suppliers are certified against ISO45001 (new facilities are expected to achieve this certification within six months of operation) |
Focus Area Actions
GHG emissions "- Re-communicated zero tolerance for tailings disposal into oceans
- Required suppliers to prepare and enact decarbonization plans at each Indonesian facility, such as developing cogeneration and waste heat recovery processes to produce 30% lower GHG emissions high-grade nickel matte
- Facilitated roadmaps with suppliers on renewable energy production, starting with ISO 50001 energy management systems for carbon inventory development, installation of up to 200 MW of rooftop and ground-mount solar in 2025, EV dump truck adoption and exploration of lower-emission alternatives with captive coal operators, including hydropower and biomass generation, with goals of 16-35% renewable energy by 2029
- Increased sourcing from lower carbon processing options like High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL), which uses on-site exothermic sulfuric acid production to reduce external energy demand by up to 85%"
Water and air pollution, deforestation and biodiversity "- Requested Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)
- Supplying mines provided evidence of revegetation, including maps of opened, planned and restored terrain; mining permits; and mine closure plans (progress validated via on-site visits)
- Supplying mines provided evidence of water management through erosion control, sedimentation ponds and onsite and downstream pH and turbidity monitoring
- Supplying mines provided evidence of biodiversity management, including baseline flora and fauna studies, endemic species protection, local plant nurseries and detailed monitoring of operations and post-mining restoration
- Communicated expectation to all Indonesian suppliers to pursue green PROPER ratings, a national standard for environmental performance that requires entities to exceed legal standards"
Indigenous and community rights "- Continued to engage with NGOs, the government of Indonesia and mining companies to identify how and where a no-go zone for mining could be implemented to protect Indigenous communities
- Suppliers provided evidence for improved community engagement through regular town halls, development of local waste and water treatment plants and invitation of NGOs to industrial sites for monitoring and feedback"
Worker health and safety and freedom of movement "- Engaged directly with suppliers to prohibit the practice of worker passport retention and recruitment fees to ensure worker freedom of movement
- Requested all suppliers to complete reviews of their OHS practices in response to industrial accidents, which led to additional safety trainings (including ILO training modules), installing sprinklers for fire safety, posting safety signs in three languages, appropriately labelling safety materials and ensuring easier access to first aid kits
- Ensured all active suppliers are certified against ISO45001 (new facilities are expected to achieve this certification within six months of operation)"| Focus Area | Actions |
| :--- | :--- |
| GHG emissions | - Re-communicated zero tolerance for tailings disposal into oceans <br> - Required suppliers to prepare and enact decarbonization plans at each Indonesian facility, such as developing cogeneration and waste heat recovery processes to produce 30% lower GHG emissions high-grade nickel matte <br> - Facilitated roadmaps with suppliers on renewable energy production, starting with ISO 50001 energy management systems for carbon inventory development, installation of up to 200 MW of rooftop and ground-mount solar in 2025, EV dump truck adoption and exploration of lower-emission alternatives with captive coal operators, including hydropower and biomass generation, with goals of 16-35% renewable energy by 2029 <br> - Increased sourcing from lower carbon processing options like High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL), which uses on-site exothermic sulfuric acid production to reduce external energy demand by up to 85% |
| Water and air pollution, deforestation and biodiversity | - Requested Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) <br> - Supplying mines provided evidence of revegetation, including maps of opened, planned and restored terrain; mining permits; and mine closure plans (progress validated via on-site visits) <br> - Supplying mines provided evidence of water management through erosion control, sedimentation ponds and onsite and downstream pH and turbidity monitoring <br> - Supplying mines provided evidence of biodiversity management, including baseline flora and fauna studies, endemic species protection, local plant nurseries and detailed monitoring of operations and post-mining restoration <br> - Communicated expectation to all Indonesian suppliers to pursue green PROPER ratings, a national standard for environmental performance that requires entities to exceed legal standards |
| Indigenous and community rights | - Continued to engage with NGOs, the government of Indonesia and mining companies to identify how and where a no-go zone for mining could be implemented to protect Indigenous communities <br> - Suppliers provided evidence for improved community engagement through regular town halls, development of local waste and water treatment plants and invitation of NGOs to industrial sites for monitoring and feedback |
| Worker health and safety and freedom of movement | - Engaged directly with suppliers to prohibit the practice of worker passport retention and recruitment fees to ensure worker freedom of movement <br> - Requested all suppliers to complete reviews of their OHS practices in response to industrial accidents, which led to additional safety trainings (including ILO training modules), installing sprinklers for fire safety, posting safety signs in three languages, appropriately labelling safety materials and ensuring easier access to first aid kits <br> - Ensured all active suppliers are certified against ISO45001 (new facilities are expected to achieve this certification within six months of operation) |
We launched the Nickel Efforts for a Sustainable Transition (NEST) program in Indonesia 我们在印尼启动了"可持续转型镍业行动"(NEST)计划
It was important that Tesla invest resources into mitigating some of the impacts associated with nickel mining in Indonesia. In April 2024, together with two international companies that operate Indonesian smelters, we launched the Nickel Efforts for a Sustainable Transition (NEST) program, which aims to implement biodiversity conservation, reforestation and community engagement efforts in the regions affected by Indonesian nickel mining. Initially focused on the Morowali area on the island of Sulawesi, the program is implemented by an in-country managing partner with support from the High-Conservation Value Network (HCVN). 特斯拉投入资源减轻印度尼西亚镍矿开采的某些影响至关重要。2024 年 4 月，我们与两家在印尼运营冶炼厂的国际公司共同启动了"可持续转型镍业行动"（NEST）计划，旨在受印尼镍矿开采影响的地区实施生物多样性保护、重新造林和社区参与工作。该计划最初聚焦于苏拉威西岛的莫罗瓦利地区，由当地管理合作伙伴在"高保护价值网络"（HCVN）支持下执行。
Key Achievements 主要成果
7
geographic areas covering 17 mining permits and 150+ hectares were screened using the High-Conservation Value (HCV) screening approach, which combines public external research and stakeholder input with remote sensing technology to identify areas of high value for biodiversity, critical habitats, carbon storage, cultural sites, traditional lands and more (results publicly available). 采用"高保护价值"（HCV）筛查方法评估了覆盖 17 个采矿许可区域、150 多公顷的地理范围——该方法结合公开外部研究、利益相关方意见与遥感技术，识别出具有高生物多样性价值、关键栖息地、碳储存、文化遗址、传统土地等重要区域（结果已公开）。
31
workshops with 150 local stakeholders carried out to enable a wideranging engagement process, including government (local, regional and national), civil society (Indonesian and international), local communities and the private sector. This process is iterative and ongoing. 与 150 名当地利益相关方开展研讨会，推动广泛参与进程，涵盖政府（地方、区域和国家层面）、民间社会（印尼本土及国际组织）、当地社区和私营部门。该进程采用迭代方式持续进行。
4
preliminary pilot sites have been identified and confirmed for the program to implement measures that will likely include flora and fauna monitoring, mining reclamation and habitat avoidance and rehabilitation. 该计划已初步确定并确认试点地点，将实施包括动植物监测、矿区复垦以及栖息地避让与修复等措施。
+
dentified key sites and applied the Mitigation Hierarchy (Avoid, Minimize, Restore, Offset) to evaluate the probability of threat and potential actions. 确定关键地点并应用缓解层级（避免、最小化、恢复、抵消）来评估威胁概率及潜在应对措施。
Lithium 锂
In 2024, Tesla sourced more than 73% of the lithium 2024 年，特斯拉电池中使用的锂有超过 73%
used in our batteries directly from mines and refiners. 直接采购自矿山和精炼厂。
Risk identification activities in 2024: 2024 年风险识别活动：
6 assets in Tesla’s lithium supply chain have completed or are committed to Tesla’s preferred IRMA audit standard, which is a 3x increase compared to last year 特斯拉锂供应链中已有 6 项资产完成或承诺采用特斯拉首选的 IRMA 审计标准，较去年增长 3 倍
Tesla’s responsible sourcing team participated in site visits for existing and future supplying facilities in Australia, China and the United States 特斯拉负责任采购团队对澳大利亚、中国和美国现有及未来供应设施进行了实地考察
Received and reviewed LCA datapoints for 100% directly contracted lithium suppliers 已接收并审核 100%直接签约锂供应商的生命周期评估数据点
Collected and evaluated decarbonization plans for directly contracted lithium suppliers and lithium extraction sources supplying our suppliers 评估并收集了直接签约锂供应商及供应我们供应商的锂矿开采源的脱碳计划
Reviewed ESIAs for existing and new lithium suppliers to understand emissions and waste 审查现有及新锂供应商的环境社会影响评估(ESIAs)，以了解其排放与废弃物情况
- Where possible, we sourced lithium from underground mines, meaning mining can be more selective and have less waste rock to deposit
- Monitored strip ratio and mining-related waste rock removal and storage at supplier sites
- Where possible, we sourced lithium from underground mines, meaning mining can be more selective and have less waste rock to deposit
- Monitored strip ratio and mining-related waste rock removal and storage at supplier sites| - Where possible, we sourced lithium from underground mines, meaning mining can be more selective and have less waste rock to deposit |
| :--- |
| - Monitored strip ratio and mining-related waste rock removal and storage at supplier sites |
GHG Emissions 温室气体排放
- 增加通过 ISO 14067:2018 产品碳排放研究验证的低排放盐湖锂资源采购
- 减少依赖精炼过程中使用煤炭的硬岩锂矿设施
- 某供应商已将锂精炼关键蒸汽生产设备由化石燃料锅炉替换为电锅炉
- Increased sourcing of low GHG emissions brine validated using ISO 14067:2018 product carbon emissions studies
- Reduced exposure to hard rock lithium facilities using coal during refining
- One supplier replaced fossil fuel powered boilers with electric ones for steam production essential to lithium refining
- Increased sourcing of low GHG emissions brine validated using ISO 14067:2018 product carbon emissions studies
- Reduced exposure to hard rock lithium facilities using coal during refining
- One supplier replaced fossil fuel powered boilers with electric ones for steam production essential to lithium refining| - Increased sourcing of low GHG emissions brine validated using ISO 14067:2018 product carbon emissions studies |
| :--- |
| - Reduced exposure to hard rock lithium facilities using coal during refining |
| - One supplier replaced fossil fuel powered boilers with electric ones for steam production essential to lithium refining |
Water Use in Regions of High Water Stress 高水资源压力地区的水资源利用
- Participated in the International Lithium Association's (ILiA) product water impact discussion to drive transparent communication of water risks
- Commitment from lithium producers in water-stressed areas to evaluate the use of Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), desalinization technologies to minimize fresh water use and direct use of sea water in the production process
- Participated in the International Lithium Association's (ILiA) product water impact discussion to drive transparent communication of water risks
- Commitment from lithium producers in water-stressed areas to evaluate the use of Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), desalinization technologies to minimize fresh water use and direct use of sea water in the production process| - Participated in the International Lithium Association's (ILiA) product water impact discussion to drive transparent communication of water risks |
| :--- |
| - Commitment from lithium producers in water-stressed areas to evaluate the use of Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), desalinization technologies to minimize fresh water use and direct use of sea water in the production process |
- Suppliers initiated additional community engagement efforts, including presentations to the community through permanent round tables and visits to local communities to ensure that relevant information arrives to the communities with the ability to record grievances where appropriate
- One supplier developed an extended grievance mechanism to enable individual grievances from employees to be shared, rather than predominantly community grievances. This is being done by implementing physical mailboxes, enabling anonymity, if desired, and by doing informative talks on this anonymous grievance mechanism format
- Supporting water security in dry areas by one lithium supplier through provision of wells, installation of a water treatment plant and improvement of water efficiency in agriculture by the local communities
- Continued to have ongoing conversations with NGOs to receive unfiltered information from Indigenous communities
- Suppliers initiated additional community engagement efforts, including presentations to the community through permanent round tables and visits to local communities to ensure that relevant information arrives to the communities with the ability to record grievances where appropriate
- One supplier developed an extended grievance mechanism to enable individual grievances from employees to be shared, rather than predominantly community grievances. This is being done by implementing physical mailboxes, enabling anonymity, if desired, and by doing informative talks on this anonymous grievance mechanism format
- Supporting water security in dry areas by one lithium supplier through provision of wells, installation of a water treatment plant and improvement of water efficiency in agriculture by the local communities
- Continued to have ongoing conversations with NGOs to receive unfiltered information from Indigenous communities| - Suppliers initiated additional community engagement efforts, including presentations to the community through permanent round tables and visits to local communities to ensure that relevant information arrives to the communities with the ability to record grievances where appropriate |
| :--- |
| - One supplier developed an extended grievance mechanism to enable individual grievances from employees to be shared, rather than predominantly community grievances. This is being done by implementing physical mailboxes, enabling anonymity, if desired, and by doing informative talks on this anonymous grievance mechanism format |
| - Supporting water security in dry areas by one lithium supplier through provision of wells, installation of a water treatment plant and improvement of water efficiency in agriculture by the local communities |
| - Continued to have ongoing conversations with NGOs to receive unfiltered information from Indigenous communities |
Focus Area Actions
Waste Generation "- Where possible, we sourced lithium from underground mines, meaning mining can be more selective and have less waste rock to deposit
- Monitored strip ratio and mining-related waste rock removal and storage at supplier sites"
GHG Emissions "- Increased sourcing of low GHG emissions brine validated using ISO 14067:2018 product carbon emissions studies
- Reduced exposure to hard rock lithium facilities using coal during refining
- One supplier replaced fossil fuel powered boilers with electric ones for steam production essential to lithium refining"
Water Use in Regions of High Water Stress "- Participated in the International Lithium Association's (ILiA) product water impact discussion to drive transparent communication of water risks
- Commitment from lithium producers in water-stressed areas to evaluate the use of Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), desalinization technologies to minimize fresh water use and direct use of sea water in the production process"
Adverse Community Impacts "- Suppliers initiated additional community engagement efforts, including presentations to the community through permanent round tables and visits to local communities to ensure that relevant information arrives to the communities with the ability to record grievances where appropriate
- One supplier developed an extended grievance mechanism to enable individual grievances from employees to be shared, rather than predominantly community grievances. This is being done by implementing physical mailboxes, enabling anonymity, if desired, and by doing informative talks on this anonymous grievance mechanism format
- Supporting water security in dry areas by one lithium supplier through provision of wells, installation of a water treatment plant and improvement of water efficiency in agriculture by the local communities
- Continued to have ongoing conversations with NGOs to receive unfiltered information from Indigenous communities"| Focus Area | Actions |
| :--- | :--- |
| Waste Generation | - Where possible, we sourced lithium from underground mines, meaning mining can be more selective and have less waste rock to deposit <br> - Monitored strip ratio and mining-related waste rock removal and storage at supplier sites |
| GHG Emissions | - Increased sourcing of low GHG emissions brine validated using ISO 14067:2018 product carbon emissions studies <br> - Reduced exposure to hard rock lithium facilities using coal during refining <br> - One supplier replaced fossil fuel powered boilers with electric ones for steam production essential to lithium refining |
| Water Use in Regions of High Water Stress | - Participated in the International Lithium Association's (ILiA) product water impact discussion to drive transparent communication of water risks <br> - Commitment from lithium producers in water-stressed areas to evaluate the use of Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), desalinization technologies to minimize fresh water use and direct use of sea water in the production process |
| Adverse Community Impacts | - Suppliers initiated additional community engagement efforts, including presentations to the community through permanent round tables and visits to local communities to ensure that relevant information arrives to the communities with the ability to record grievances where appropriate <br> - One supplier developed an extended grievance mechanism to enable individual grievances from employees to be shared, rather than predominantly community grievances. This is being done by implementing physical mailboxes, enabling anonymity, if desired, and by doing informative talks on this anonymous grievance mechanism format <br> - Supporting water security in dry areas by one lithium supplier through provision of wells, installation of a water treatment plant and improvement of water efficiency in agriculture by the local communities <br> - Continued to have ongoing conversations with NGOs to receive unfiltered information from Indigenous communities |
Tier 层级
Location 所在地
Audit Status 审核状态
LCA Status LCA 状态
Decarbonization Plan Status 脱碳计划进展状态
Albemarle 雅保公司
Mine 矿山
Chile 智利
- Completed (1) - 已完成 (1)
- Completed - 已完成
- Committed - 已承诺
Refinery
Chile 智利
- Completed (2) - 已完成（2 项）
- Completed - 已完成
- Committed - 已承诺
Mine 矿场
Australia 澳大利亚
- Completed (1) - 已完成 (1)
- Completed - 已完成
- Committed - 承诺
Refinery 炼油厂
China 中国
- Completed (2) - 已完成（2）
- Completed - 已完成
- Committed - 已承诺
Rio Tinto Lithium (formerly Arcadium Lithium) 力拓锂业（前身为 Arcadium Lithium）
In 2024, we started feeding lithium raw material into our in-house lithium refinery in Corpus Christi, Texas. To understand and improve the GHG emissions value proposition of the refinery, which is expected to be fully ramped in the future, Tesla completed a third partyreviewed ISO 14067:2018 Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) study based on engineering data assuming steady-state production. 2024 年，我们开始向位于德克萨斯州科珀斯克里斯蒂的自建锂精炼厂供应锂原料。为评估并优化该精炼厂的温室气体排放表现（预计未来将实现全面产能爬坡），特斯拉基于稳态生产假设的工程数据，完成了经第三方审核的 ISO 14067:2018 产品碳足迹（PCF）研究。
Tesla was the first company in the world to do this following the ILiA PCF guidance. This study showed that Tesla’s lithium refinery has a 34% lower carbon impact than incumbent acid roast technology used by most incumbent hard rock lithium refineries. This is primarily due to our novel processing technology, which uses alkaline leach technology that requires fewer processing steps, resulting in lower energy consumption and chemical use. The refinery has also been designed to-in the future-take in lithium feed from recycled end-of-life batteries, providing a pathway toward supply chain circularity. 特斯拉是全球首家遵循国际锂业协会(ILiA)产品碳足迹指南开展此项研究的公司。研究表明，特斯拉锂精炼厂的碳影响比大多数现有硬岩锂精炼厂采用的酸焙工艺技术低 34%。这主要归功于我们创新的碱性浸出工艺技术，该技术减少了加工步骤，从而降低了能耗和化学品使用量。该精炼厂在设计时还预留了未来处理回收废旧电池锂原料的能力，为供应链循环经济提供了实现路径。
Another advantage of this technology is that water use is nearly 50% lower than incumbent acid roast technology. Our refinery is estimated to use around 375,000 gallons of water per day, whereas incumbent technology is estimated to use 690,000 gallons of water per day. This calculation is based on steadystate production. Additionally, Tesla’s lithium refinery produces minimal hazardous solid waste and instead produces a byproduct usable in the construction industry. To understand the relative impact of extracting water from the ecosystem in Texas, we compared water use against other common resource industries in Texas. This review showed that Tesla’s lithium refinery only uses 4% of the water used by other common natural resource industries in Texas. 该技术的另一优势是用水量比现行酸浸焙烧工艺减少近 50%。我们精炼厂的日均用水量预计约为 37.5 万加仑，而传统工艺的日均用水量预计为 69 万加仑。这一计算基于稳态生产条件。此外，特斯拉锂精炼厂产生的有害固体废物极少，反而能产出可用于建筑行业的副产品。为理解从德克萨斯州生态系统中取水的相对影响，我们将其用水量与德州其他常见资源行业进行了对比。研究表明，特斯拉锂精炼厂的用水量仅占德州其他常见自然资源行业用水总量的 4%。
With regard to community engagement, in 2024, we continued to invest in our Powering Communities Program, which-together with local NGOs, foundations and academic institutions-supports educational and workforce development in the Gulf Coast area. Examples of these efforts include scholarships for financial assistance, recruitment from local communities and opening our doors to showcase our lithium refining facility. 在社区参与方面，2024 年我们持续投资"赋能社区计划"，通过与当地非政府组织、基金会及学术机构合作，支持墨西哥湾沿岸地区的教育及劳动力发展。具体举措包括设立经济援助奖学金、从当地社区招募员工，以及开放锂精炼设施参观。
(kg CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} eq.per kg LHM) (千克二氧化碳当量/千克氢氧化锂)
- Energy Input Process Emissions Raw Materials
Water Use Across Lithium Refining & Texas Industry 锂精炼与德克萨斯州工业用水量对比
(Gallons, 2024) （加仑，2024 年）
- Gallons per day
50MW Power Plant 50 兆瓦发电厂
Chemical Plant 化工厂
Petrochemical Refinery 石油化工厂
Acid Roast (Literature) 酸焙（文献）
Tesla Corpus Christi Line 1 特斯拉科珀斯克里斯蒂 1 号生产线
Graphite 石墨
Graphite is a key material in the composition of battery anodes. In 2024, Tesla collaborated with existing and potential suppliers to gain an understanding of environmental and social risks related to suppliers in our graphite supply chain. 石墨是电池负极材料的关键成分。2024 年，特斯拉与现有及潜在供应商合作，以了解我们石墨供应链中与供应商相关的环境和社会风险。
Risk identification activities in 2024: 2024 年风险识别活动：
4 graphite mines and refineries visited 实地考察 4 家石墨矿场和精炼厂
4 commitments for Tesla-approved third-party audits at mines and refineries in addition to second-party audits at graphite intermediate suppliers 除对石墨中间供应商进行第二方审核外，还承诺对矿场和精炼厂进行 4 次特斯拉认可的第三方审核
5 LCAs for production of flake graphite and anodegrade graphite received and reviewed 接收并审核了 5 份关于鳞片石墨和负极级石墨生产的生命周期评估报告
3 decarbonization plans for graphite facilities assessed 3 个石墨设施脱碳方案已评估完成
Tesla continues to be an active member of RMI Graphite working group 特斯拉持续积极参与 RMI 石墨工作组
Focus Area 重点领域
Actions 行动措施
Tailings dam risk 尾矿坝风险
- Consideration of reprocessing wet tailings using the dry stacking method to overcome insufficient sizing - 考虑采用干式堆存法对湿尾矿进行再处理，以解决粒度不足的问题
- Compared to the cathode, an anode is made up of fewer components enabling a more targeted decarbonization approach. Tesla is already using a dry electrode process for anode
- Tesla's main graphite supplier is deploying photovoltaic cells to produce up to 12%12 \% of its total required electricity, with the remainder to come from 100% renewable energy sources in the form of RECs (to be reviewed and validated by Tesla)
- Sourced graphite concentrates from lower GHG-production pathways that utilize on-site renewable energy generation (more than one-third of total electricity consumption), such as photovoltaic combined with battery storage systems
- Compared to the cathode, an anode is made up of fewer components enabling a more targeted decarbonization approach. Tesla is already using a dry electrode process for anode
- Tesla's main graphite supplier is deploying photovoltaic cells to produce up to 12% of its total required electricity, with the remainder to come from 100% renewable energy sources in the form of RECs (to be reviewed and validated by Tesla)
- Sourced graphite concentrates from lower GHG-production pathways that utilize on-site renewable energy generation (more than one-third of total electricity consumption), such as photovoltaic combined with battery storage systems| - Compared to the cathode, an anode is made up of fewer components enabling a more targeted decarbonization approach. Tesla is already using a dry electrode process for anode |
| :--- |
| - Tesla's main graphite supplier is deploying photovoltaic cells to produce up to $12 \%$ of its total required electricity, with the remainder to come from 100% renewable energy sources in the form of RECs (to be reviewed and validated by Tesla) |
| - Sourced graphite concentrates from lower GHG-production pathways that utilize on-site renewable energy generation (more than one-third of total electricity consumption), such as photovoltaic combined with battery storage systems |
- Suppliers strengthened internal grievance mechanisms for employees by having a standalone procedure to providing training to employees, and by making the complaints submission procedure more accessible for remote and vulnerable stakeholders with community liaison officers
- Suppliers mapped out affected communities and their vulnerabilities and implemented warning systems and developed signage indicating flood areas in the case of a tailings storage facility failure
- Suppliers strengthened internal grievance mechanisms for employees by having a standalone procedure to providing training to employees, and by making the complaints submission procedure more accessible for remote and vulnerable stakeholders with community liaison officers
- Suppliers mapped out affected communities and their vulnerabilities and implemented warning systems and developed signage indicating flood areas in the case of a tailings storage facility failure| - Suppliers strengthened internal grievance mechanisms for employees by having a standalone procedure to providing training to employees, and by making the complaints submission procedure more accessible for remote and vulnerable stakeholders with community liaison officers |
| :--- |
| - Suppliers mapped out affected communities and their vulnerabilities and implemented warning systems and developed signage indicating flood areas in the case of a tailings storage facility failure |
Focus Area Actions
Tailings dam risk - Consideration of reprocessing wet tailings using the dry stacking method to overcome insufficient sizing
GHG emissions "- Compared to the cathode, an anode is made up of fewer components enabling a more targeted decarbonization approach. Tesla is already using a dry electrode process for anode
- Tesla's main graphite supplier is deploying photovoltaic cells to produce up to 12% of its total required electricity, with the remainder to come from 100% renewable energy sources in the form of RECs (to be reviewed and validated by Tesla)
- Sourced graphite concentrates from lower GHG-production pathways that utilize on-site renewable energy generation (more than one-third of total electricity consumption), such as photovoltaic combined with battery storage systems"
Adverse community impacts "- Suppliers strengthened internal grievance mechanisms for employees by having a standalone procedure to providing training to employees, and by making the complaints submission procedure more accessible for remote and vulnerable stakeholders with community liaison officers
- Suppliers mapped out affected communities and their vulnerabilities and implemented warning systems and developed signage indicating flood areas in the case of a tailings storage facility failure"| Focus Area | Actions |
| :--- | :--- |
| Tailings dam risk | - Consideration of reprocessing wet tailings using the dry stacking method to overcome insufficient sizing |
| GHG emissions | - Compared to the cathode, an anode is made up of fewer components enabling a more targeted decarbonization approach. Tesla is already using a dry electrode process for anode <br> - Tesla's main graphite supplier is deploying photovoltaic cells to produce up to $12 \%$ of its total required electricity, with the remainder to come from 100% renewable energy sources in the form of RECs (to be reviewed and validated by Tesla) <br> - Sourced graphite concentrates from lower GHG-production pathways that utilize on-site renewable energy generation (more than one-third of total electricity consumption), such as photovoltaic combined with battery storage systems |
| Adverse community impacts | - Suppliers strengthened internal grievance mechanisms for employees by having a standalone procedure to providing training to employees, and by making the complaints submission procedure more accessible for remote and vulnerable stakeholders with community liaison officers <br> - Suppliers mapped out affected communities and their vulnerabilities and implemented warning systems and developed signage indicating flood areas in the case of a tailings storage facility failure |
Tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold (3TG) 锡、钽、钨和金（3TG）
Tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold (3TG) minerals appear in small amounts in many of the parts used in Tesla products. Mining communities in the DRC and other upstream 3TG sourcing regions are therefore essential to the production of Tesla products. In light of the escalating military conflict in the Eastern DRC, which is a key 3TG production region, we reaffirm our commitment to avoid contributing to human rights abuses, conflict and instability through our sourcing and support the improvement of on-the-ground conditions in and around mining communities. These efforts are also a reflection of the recognition that paper-based traceability systems alone still have not been shown to be effective at reducing armed conflict. 锡、钽、钨和金（3TG 矿物）在特斯拉产品使用的许多部件中微量存在。因此，刚果民主共和国（DRC）及其他 3TG 矿产上游源区的采矿社区对特斯拉产品的生产至关重要。鉴于作为主要 3TG 产区的刚果东部军事冲突升级，我们重申承诺：通过负责任的采购避免助长侵犯人权、冲突和不稳定局势，并支持改善矿区及周边实地条件。这些努力也反映出我们认识到，仅靠纸面追溯体系仍无法有效减少武装冲突。
We expanded the focus of our program beyond compliance. Our strategy includes a mix of efforts related to fulfilling our reporting obligations, scaling local impact and responsible sourcing and enforcing transformational change. Practicing risk mitigation is our preferred path to an embargo or termination of sourcing due to the importance of material production to livelihoods. We have and continue to invite others to follow this approach. 我们将项目重点从合规性扩展到更广泛领域。战略组合包括履行报告义务、扩大本地影响与责任采购、推动转型变革等多重努力。鉴于矿产生产对民生的重要性，我们优先选择风险缓解措施而非直接实施禁运或终止采购。我们始终倡导并邀请其他企业共同践行这一路径。
Focus Area 重点领域
Actions 行动措施
Export volumes of responsibly mined materials 负责任开采矿物的出口量
Funding the expansion of Better Mining's 3T supply chain due diligence monitoring, corrective action and minerals traceability program at ASM mines in the DRC and Rwanda. Since 2023, this has enabled:
- 279% growth in the total volume of assured materials in 2024
- 2 additional 3T mine sites onboarded
- 98%98 \% growth in the number of workers positively impacted by the project from September 2023 to December 2024
- First exports sent from a new DRC mine and stable volumes of responsible materials sent from Rwanda
- Identification of risks and closure through corrective actions, including community meetings involving local leaders to discuss unauthorized mining and community development as a result of identified unauthorized mining risks on page 179 and safety and health teams completed first aid training as a result of identified occupational safety risks
- 87%87 \% average corrective action implementation rate, as of the last quarter of 2024 , with a goal of 100%100 \%
Funding the expansion of Better Mining's 3T supply chain due diligence monitoring, corrective action and minerals traceability program at ASM mines in the DRC and Rwanda. Since 2023, this has enabled:
- 279% growth in the total volume of assured materials in 2024
- 2 additional 3T mine sites onboarded
- 98% growth in the number of workers positively impacted by the project from September 2023 to December 2024
- First exports sent from a new DRC mine and stable volumes of responsible materials sent from Rwanda
- Identification of risks and closure through corrective actions, including community meetings involving local leaders to discuss unauthorized mining and community development as a result of identified unauthorized mining risks on page 179 and safety and health teams completed first aid training as a result of identified occupational safety risks
- 87% average corrective action implementation rate, as of the last quarter of 2024 , with a goal of 100%| Funding the expansion of Better Mining's 3T supply chain due diligence monitoring, corrective action and minerals traceability program at ASM mines in the DRC and Rwanda. Since 2023, this has enabled: |
| :--- |
| - 279% growth in the total volume of assured materials in 2024 |
| - 2 additional 3T mine sites onboarded |
| - $98 \%$ growth in the number of workers positively impacted by the project from September 2023 to December 2024 |
| - First exports sent from a new DRC mine and stable volumes of responsible materials sent from Rwanda |
| - Identification of risks and closure through corrective actions, including community meetings involving local leaders to discuss unauthorized mining and community development as a result of identified unauthorized mining risks on page 179 and safety and health teams completed first aid training as a result of identified occupational safety risks |
| - $87 \%$ average corrective action implementation rate, as of the last quarter of 2024 , with a goal of $100 \%$ |
Smelters participating in responsible sourcing programs 参与负责任采购计划的冶炼厂
Formal request to all eligible global 3TG smelters and refiners to:
1. Increase efforts to responsibly source ASM materials by supporting and sourcing from sources that utilize recognized upstream mechanisms such as Better Mining and
2. Be audited by the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) to validate mineral sourcing practices
Formal request to all eligible global 3TG smelters and refiners to:
1. Increase efforts to responsibly source ASM materials by supporting and sourcing from sources that utilize recognized upstream mechanisms such as Better Mining and
2. Be audited by the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) to validate mineral sourcing practices| Formal request to all eligible global 3TG smelters and refiners to: |
| :--- |
| 1. Increase efforts to responsibly source ASM materials by supporting and sourcing from sources that utilize recognized upstream mechanisms such as Better Mining and |
| 2. Be audited by the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) to validate mineral sourcing practices |
Smelters participating in responsible sourcing programs 参与负责任采购计划的冶炼厂
Direct engagement with smelters and refiners on the above request and to discuss opportunities for potential collaboration 与冶炼厂和精炼厂直接接触，就上述要求进行沟通并探讨潜在合作机会
Engagement with local stakeholders 与当地利益相关方开展合作
Installation of Powerwall units in pilot program of Tesla Tech for Good on page 176 特斯拉科技向善试点项目中 Powerwall 单元的安装情况见第 176 页
Transparency in relationships between Tesla and smelters and refiners 特斯拉与冶炼厂和精炼厂关系的透明度
Surveyed over 500 suppliers to request Tesla-specific Conflict Minerals Reporting Templates (CMRTs) and require the removal of high-risk smelters and refiners from Tesla's supply chain 调查了 500 多家供应商，要求提供特斯拉专用冲突矿产报告模板(CMRTs)，并要求将高风险冶炼厂和精炼厂从特斯拉供应链中剔除
Visibility of risks and the impacts within our procurement organization 采购组织内部风险及影响的可见性
Conducted monthly escalations and office hours for Supply Chain Managers of non-compliant suppliers 为不合规供应商的供应链经理举办月度升级会议和办公时间
Opportunities for smelters to conform to RMAP 冶炼厂符合负责任矿产保证流程(RMAP)的机会
Funded 4 3TG RMAP audits, 7 total since 2022 资助了 4 次 3TG 矿产的 RMAP 审核，自 2022 年以来共 7 次
Focus Area Actions
Export volumes of responsibly mined materials "Funding the expansion of Better Mining's 3T supply chain due diligence monitoring, corrective action and minerals traceability program at ASM mines in the DRC and Rwanda. Since 2023, this has enabled:
- 279% growth in the total volume of assured materials in 2024
- 2 additional 3T mine sites onboarded
- 98% growth in the number of workers positively impacted by the project from September 2023 to December 2024
- First exports sent from a new DRC mine and stable volumes of responsible materials sent from Rwanda
- Identification of risks and closure through corrective actions, including community meetings involving local leaders to discuss unauthorized mining and community development as a result of identified unauthorized mining risks on page 179 and safety and health teams completed first aid training as a result of identified occupational safety risks
- 87% average corrective action implementation rate, as of the last quarter of 2024 , with a goal of 100%"
Smelters participating in responsible sourcing programs "Formal request to all eligible global 3TG smelters and refiners to:
1. Increase efforts to responsibly source ASM materials by supporting and sourcing from sources that utilize recognized upstream mechanisms such as Better Mining and
2. Be audited by the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) to validate mineral sourcing practices"
Smelters participating in responsible sourcing programs Direct engagement with smelters and refiners on the above request and to discuss opportunities for potential collaboration
Engagement with local stakeholders Installation of Powerwall units in pilot program of Tesla Tech for Good on page 176
Transparency in relationships between Tesla and smelters and refiners Surveyed over 500 suppliers to request Tesla-specific Conflict Minerals Reporting Templates (CMRTs) and require the removal of high-risk smelters and refiners from Tesla's supply chain
Visibility of risks and the impacts within our procurement organization Conducted monthly escalations and office hours for Supply Chain Managers of non-compliant suppliers
Opportunities for smelters to conform to RMAP Funded 4 3TG RMAP audits, 7 total since 2022| Focus Area | Actions |
| :--- | :--- |
| Export volumes of responsibly mined materials | Funding the expansion of Better Mining's 3T supply chain due diligence monitoring, corrective action and minerals traceability program at ASM mines in the DRC and Rwanda. Since 2023, this has enabled: <br> - 279% growth in the total volume of assured materials in 2024 <br> - 2 additional 3T mine sites onboarded <br> - $98 \%$ growth in the number of workers positively impacted by the project from September 2023 to December 2024 <br> - First exports sent from a new DRC mine and stable volumes of responsible materials sent from Rwanda <br> - Identification of risks and closure through corrective actions, including community meetings involving local leaders to discuss unauthorized mining and community development as a result of identified unauthorized mining risks on page 179 and safety and health teams completed first aid training as a result of identified occupational safety risks <br> - $87 \%$ average corrective action implementation rate, as of the last quarter of 2024 , with a goal of $100 \%$ |
| Smelters participating in responsible sourcing programs | Formal request to all eligible global 3TG smelters and refiners to: <br> 1. Increase efforts to responsibly source ASM materials by supporting and sourcing from sources that utilize recognized upstream mechanisms such as Better Mining and <br> 2. Be audited by the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) to validate mineral sourcing practices |
| Smelters participating in responsible sourcing programs | Direct engagement with smelters and refiners on the above request and to discuss opportunities for potential collaboration |
| Engagement with local stakeholders | Installation of Powerwall units in pilot program of Tesla Tech for Good on page 176 |
| Transparency in relationships between Tesla and smelters and refiners | Surveyed over 500 suppliers to request Tesla-specific Conflict Minerals Reporting Templates (CMRTs) and require the removal of high-risk smelters and refiners from Tesla's supply chain |
| Visibility of risks and the impacts within our procurement organization | Conducted monthly escalations and office hours for Supply Chain Managers of non-compliant suppliers |
| Opportunities for smelters to conform to RMAP | Funded 4 3TG RMAP audits, 7 total since 2022 |
Tesla Tech for Good 特斯拉科技向善计划
We are using Tesla technology to remedy harm associated with supply chain activities 我们正运用特斯拉技术来弥补供应链活动相关的损害
In our 2023 Impact Report, we announced our Tesla Tech for Good product donation initiative aimed at mitigating the adverse human rights impacts that occur in mining communities while simultaneously supporting GHG emissions reductions. In collaboration with the Panzi Hospital & Foundation in the DRC, GivePower Foundation and Nuru, Tesla donated ten Powerwall units and hardware accessories that were installed at one of Panzi’s clinics in the DRC, along with maintenance funding for ten years to sustain impact. 在 2023 年影响报告中，我们宣布了"特斯拉科技向善"产品捐赠计划，旨在减轻采矿社区中发生的人权负面影响，同时支持减少温室气体排放。特斯拉与刚果民主共和国的 Panzi 医院及基金会、GivePower 基金会和 Nuru 组织合作，捐赠了十套 Powerwall 设备及硬件配件，这些设备安装在 Panzi 位于刚果的一家诊所，并提供了十年维护资金以确保持续影响。
Panzi’s clinics focus on serving survivors of sexual violence, including those who live and work near conflict and mining. Powerwall units were successfully delivered from Gigafactory Nevada to one of Panzi’s clinics in the DRC in December 2024. Powerwall will help maintain power at Panzi’s clinics located in electricity-insecure areas, helping them carry out their critical work while contributing to their goal of increasing the use of renewable energy. Panzi 诊所主要服务于性暴力幸存者，包括那些生活和工作在冲突与采矿区域附近的人群。2024 年 12 月，Powerwall 设备已成功从内华达超级工厂运抵 Panzi 在刚果的一家诊所。Powerwall 将帮助电力供应不稳定的 Panzi 诊所维持电力，支持他们开展重要工作，同时助力其提高可再生能源使用的目标。
We are proud to have hosted Panzi teams from Bukavu, DRC and Washington, D.C., at Tesla’s Palo Alto office in May 2024. This collaboration has facilitated in-depth discussions between our Responsible Sourcing and Supply Chain Teams and Panzi’s experts, focusing on 3TG mineral sourcing and our company’s engagement with Congolese stakeholders. Amid the escalating conflict, we have consistently sought Panzi’s insights to understand the resulting on-the-ground impacts and to identify how Tesla can contribute to necessary industry shifts, promoting responsible sourcing and prioritizing the inclusion and welfare of Congolese mining communities. 我们很荣幸于 2024 年 5 月在特斯拉帕洛阿尔托办公室接待了来自刚果民主共和国布卡武和华盛顿特区的 Panzi 团队。此次合作促成了特斯拉负责任采购与供应链团队与 Panzi 专家之间的深入讨论，重点聚焦 3TG 矿物采购以及公司与刚果利益相关方的合作。在冲突不断升级的背景下，我们持续寻求 Panzi 的专业见解，以了解当地实际影响，并确定特斯拉如何推动必要的行业变革，促进负责任采购，同时优先保障刚果采矿社区的包容性与福祉。
We believe everyone should have access to sustainable, modern and clean energy to meet their decarbonization goals and address energy insecurity-especially those who are providing life-saving healthcare. 我们相信每个人都应获得可持续的现代化清洁能源，以实现脱碳目标并解决能源不安全问题——尤其是那些提供救生医疗服务的群体。
For more information on our social impact programming, see pages 135-137. 更多关于我们社会影响项目的信息，请参阅第 135-137 页。
Phlogopite mica 金云母
Phlogopite mica is used as a thermal barrier for various applications in our vehicle and energy products. It is relatively abundant, but the industry is opaque and has associated human rights risks that are often a consequence of systemic challenges. 金云母作为热障材料，广泛应用于我们的车辆和能源产品中。这种矿物储量相对丰富，但行业透明度不足，且存在系统性挑战所导致的人权风险。
Downstream purchasers such as Tesla do not have direct commercial relationships with the mica mines and processors. To address opacity challenges, we are working with our tier 1 suppliers to map our upstream supply chains and the communities they impact. This increased visibility allows us to better communicate our requirements to the upstream supply chain. Through this new approach, we and our tier 1 suppliers apply leverage upstream to assess and improve conditions. Our strategy combats opacity by mandating that tier 1 suppliers source from select mica processors. We also implemented programs for mapping the upstream supply chain, conducting third-party assessments and engaging with global stakeholders like development agencies and NGOs. 特斯拉等下游采购方与云母矿场及加工商并无直接商业往来。为解决透明度问题，我们正与一级供应商合作，梳理上游供应链及其影响的社区。这种增强的可视性使我们能更有效地向上游供应链传达要求。通过这种新方法，我们与一级供应商共同向上游施压，以评估并改善生产条件。我们的战略通过强制要求一级供应商从指定云母加工商采购来对抗行业不透明问题。同时我们还实施了上游供应链图谱绘制计划，开展第三方评估，并与开发机构、非政府组织等全球利益相关方展开合作。
Tesla has multiple supply chains that provide mica materials for our products and we have worked to understand the origin of these supply chains for raw mica. In 2024, we dug deeper into a prioritized mica supply chain and uncovered broad, contextual challenges including poverty, impacts of climate change, limited access to quality education, weak child protection systems and lack of alternative livelihoods, which compound to exacerbate supply chain vulnerabilities. In line with the UN Guiding Principles, we remain engaged in driving traceability, formalization and systemic improvements, while recognizing that these efforts take time and are not a complete solution. We are committed to embedding responsible sourcing practices as we scale and are working to address root causes, not just symptoms. 特斯拉拥有多条为产品提供云母材料的供应链，我们一直致力于了解这些云母原料供应链的源头。2024 年，我们对一条重点云母供应链进行了更深入的调查，发现了包括贫困、气候变化影响、优质教育资源匮乏、儿童保护体系薄弱以及替代生计缺失等广泛系统性挑战，这些因素相互叠加加剧了供应链的脆弱性。根据《联合国指导原则》，我们持续推动可追溯性、规范化和系统性改进工作，同时也认识到这些努力需要时间且无法彻底解决问题。随着业务规模扩大，我们致力于将负责任采购实践融入运营体系，努力解决根本原因而非仅仅应对表象问题。
Phlogopite mica (cont'd) 金云母（续）
Supply Chain Tier 供应链层级
2024 Assessment Conducted 2024 年评估完成
Tesla Employees Shadowed? 特斯拉员工被跟踪？
Findings 调查发现
Mitigation Actions 缓解措施
Tier 1 (located in Asia) 一级供应商（位于亚洲）
1. Corporate Social Responsibility Audit against Tesla's Supplier Code of Conduct 1. 依据特斯拉供应商行为准则开展的企业社会责任审计
Yes 是
Non-conformance related to Labor and Health and Safety, including working hours, days of rest, fire systems, emergency exits and worker-paid health exams fees 存在与劳工及健康安全相关的不符合项，涉及工作时间、休息日、消防系统、紧急出口以及由工人承担的健康体检费用
Supplier developed corrective action plans, including the repayment of employment fees to workers as verified by the audit firm 供应商已制定整改行动计划，包括经审计机构核实的向工人退还雇佣费用等措施
Tier 2 Exporter/Processing Facility (located in Africa) 二级出口商/加工设施（位于非洲）
1. Audit against Responsible Mica Initiative's Global Mica Processor Standard and OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including management and worker interviews
2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation
1. Audit against Responsible Mica Initiative's Global Mica Processor Standard and OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including management and worker interviews
2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation| 1. Audit against Responsible Mica Initiative's Global Mica Processor Standard and OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including management and worker interviews |
| :--- |
| 2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation |
Yes 是
Weak management systems related to Labor and Health and Safety leading to lack of formal labor structure, lack of supply chain due diligence and lack of traceability 与劳工及健康安全相关的管理体系薄弱，导致缺乏正规用工结构、供应链尽职调查缺失以及可追溯性不足
Audit firm developed corrective action plan. Tesla and a supplier commissioned an external capacity building program for a tier 2 supplier, with module one consisting of on-site training and reviews to strengthen management systems, with module two to be implemented in 2025 审计机构制定了整改行动计划。特斯拉与一家供应商共同委托开展了针对二级供应商的外部能力建设项目，其中模块一包含现场培训和审查以强化管理体系，模块二将于 2025 年实施
1. Audit against OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including worker interviews
2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation
3. Rapid Assessment against CRAFT Code
1. Audit against OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including worker interviews
2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation
3. Rapid Assessment against CRAFT Code| 1. Audit against OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including worker interviews |
| :--- |
| 2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation |
| 3. Rapid Assessment against CRAFT Code |
Yes 是
Current pay structure in mica supply chain does not address needs of individuals who have few or no alternatives to mica mining, particularly amidst poverty exacerbated by climate impacts, leading to lack of organizational structure, weak labor practices and inadequate safety conditions 当前云母供应链的薪酬结构未能满足那些除了云母开采外几乎没有其他谋生选择的人群的需求，尤其是在气候影响加剧贫困的情况下，这导致了组织结构缺失、劳工实践薄弱以及安全条件不足
SLR (formerly RCS Global) evaluated the feasibility of implementing Better Mining's monitoring, corrective action a traceability program, working to identify the mine sites in our supply chain and digitally trace materials to Tesla's tier 1 supplier. With support from tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers, implementation will continue in 2025 and beyond to enable improved conditions and traceability SLR（前身为 RCS Global）评估了实施 Better Mining 监测系统、纠正措施及溯源计划的可行性，致力于识别我们供应链中的矿场，并通过数字化手段将材料追溯至特斯拉一级供应商。在一级和二级供应商的支持下，该计划将于 2025 年及后续年份持续实施，以改善工作条件并实现可追溯性
Supply Chain Tier 2024 Assessment Conducted Tesla Employees Shadowed? Findings Mitigation Actions
Tier 1 (located in Asia) 1. Corporate Social Responsibility Audit against Tesla's Supplier Code of Conduct Yes Non-conformance related to Labor and Health and Safety, including working hours, days of rest, fire systems, emergency exits and worker-paid health exams fees Supplier developed corrective action plans, including the repayment of employment fees to workers as verified by the audit firm
Tier 2 Exporter/Processing Facility (located in Africa) "1. Audit against Responsible Mica Initiative's Global Mica Processor Standard and OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including management and worker interviews
2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation" Yes Weak management systems related to Labor and Health and Safety leading to lack of formal labor structure, lack of supply chain due diligence and lack of traceability Audit firm developed corrective action plan. Tesla and a supplier commissioned an external capacity building program for a tier 2 supplier, with module one consisting of on-site training and reviews to strengthen management systems, with module two to be implemented in 2025
ASM Mines (located in Africa) "1. Audit against OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including worker interviews
2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation
3. Rapid Assessment against CRAFT Code" Yes Current pay structure in mica supply chain does not address needs of individuals who have few or no alternatives to mica mining, particularly amidst poverty exacerbated by climate impacts, leading to lack of organizational structure, weak labor practices and inadequate safety conditions SLR (formerly RCS Global) evaluated the feasibility of implementing Better Mining's monitoring, corrective action a traceability program, working to identify the mine sites in our supply chain and digitally trace materials to Tesla's tier 1 supplier. With support from tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers, implementation will continue in 2025 and beyond to enable improved conditions and traceability| Supply Chain Tier | 2024 Assessment Conducted | Tesla Employees Shadowed? | Findings | Mitigation Actions |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Tier 1 (located in Asia) | 1. Corporate Social Responsibility Audit against Tesla's Supplier Code of Conduct | Yes | Non-conformance related to Labor and Health and Safety, including working hours, days of rest, fire systems, emergency exits and worker-paid health exams fees | Supplier developed corrective action plans, including the repayment of employment fees to workers as verified by the audit firm |
| Tier 2 Exporter/Processing Facility (located in Africa) | 1. Audit against Responsible Mica Initiative's Global Mica Processor Standard and OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including management and worker interviews <br> 2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation | Yes | Weak management systems related to Labor and Health and Safety leading to lack of formal labor structure, lack of supply chain due diligence and lack of traceability | Audit firm developed corrective action plan. Tesla and a supplier commissioned an external capacity building program for a tier 2 supplier, with module one consisting of on-site training and reviews to strengthen management systems, with module two to be implemented in 2025 |
| ASM Mines (located in Africa) | 1. Audit against OECD Due Diligence Guidance, including worker interviews <br> 2. Child Labor and Child Rights Light Assessment, including community consultation <br> 3. Rapid Assessment against CRAFT Code | Yes | Current pay structure in mica supply chain does not address needs of individuals who have few or no alternatives to mica mining, particularly amidst poverty exacerbated by climate impacts, leading to lack of organizational structure, weak labor practices and inadequate safety conditions | SLR (formerly RCS Global) evaluated the feasibility of implementing Better Mining's monitoring, corrective action a traceability program, working to identify the mine sites in our supply chain and digitally trace materials to Tesla's tier 1 supplier. With support from tier 1 and tier 2 suppliers, implementation will continue in 2025 and beyond to enable improved conditions and traceability |
We're increasing visibility around aluminum sourcing risks and impacts 我们正在提高铝材采购风险及影响的可视化程度
Aluminum has been and will continue to be a critical material for Tesla, as it is used throughout our vehicles and energy products. We prioritize aluminum because of the high prevalence of human rights and environmental impacts across its supply chain-including bauxite mining and the carbon emissions linked to aluminum refining and smelting. The rising total demand for aluminum suggests that increased recycling is not enough to reach a truly sustainable aluminum sector. In addition, we recognize the important role bauxite mining plays in the lives of those in mining communities. Therefore, we engage with producers of both recycled and primary material and assess and address impacts across these supply chains. 铝一直是并将继续成为特斯拉的关键材料，广泛应用于我们的车辆和能源产品中。我们优先考虑铝材，因为其供应链（包括铝土矿开采以及铝冶炼精炼过程中的碳排放）普遍存在人权和环境影响问题。铝材总需求的不断增长表明，仅靠增加回收量不足以实现铝行业的真正可持续发展。此外，我们认识到铝土矿开采对矿区居民生活的重要影响。因此，我们与再生铝和原铝生产商开展合作，评估并解决这些供应链中的各类影响。
As a condition for being awarded new business, Tesla continues to require suppliers to audit according to the Aluminium Stewardship Initiative’s (ASI) Performance Standard. The ASI is one of the key industry organizations developing standards for the aluminum industry, including a focus on credible decarbonization roadmaps. Additionally, we appreciate that no single certification program replaces due diligence, and that responsible sourcing will not be achieved through certifications alone. Our work with organizations such as ASI includes broader efforts with suppliers and stakeholders to address and reduce risks in our aluminum supply chain in recognition of its outsized impact. 作为授予新业务的条件，特斯拉持续要求供应商依据铝业管理倡议（ASI）绩效标准进行审计。ASI 是制定铝行业标准的核心行业组织之一，其重点包括可信的脱碳路线图。同时我们深知，没有任何单一认证计划能取代尽职调查，负责任的原材料采购不能仅通过认证实现。鉴于铝供应链的重大影响，我们与 ASI 等组织合作开展更广泛的工作，联合供应商及利益相关方共同应对并降低铝供应链风险。
ASI Performance Standard Certification* ASI 绩效标准认证*
*Suppliers that are currently certified or actively working through certification process. *包括已通过认证或正在积极进行认证流程的供应商。
We're increasing visibility around aluminum sourcing risks and impacts (cont'd) 我们正持续提升对铝材采购风险及影响的透明度（续）
In 2024, Tesla entered into an agreement with one of the largest aluminum companies in the world to purchase low-carbon aluminum below 2 kg of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} per kg of aluminum, which is the lowest commercially available aluminum in North America. This is achieved through usage of post-consumer recycled scrap content. Tesla is the first automotive OEM in North America to use this material, which will be used on crash components in our Model 3 vehicle. Tesla is continuing to engage with the aluminum industry globally to expand our use of lowcarbon aluminum across all products. 2024 年，特斯拉与全球最大铝业公司之一达成协议，采购每千克二氧化碳当量低于 2 千克的低碳铝，这是北美市场可商业化的最低碳足迹铝材。这一成果通过使用消费后回收废料实现。特斯拉成为北美首家在 Model 3 车型碰撞部件中采用该材料的汽车制造商。特斯拉正持续与全球铝业合作，将低碳铝材推广至全线产品。
Tesla’s Supply Chain and Engineering Teams collaborate to promote more sustainable material design across our products. Together, we developed technical specifications for alloys that enable the use of over 90% of post-consumer recycled content in our castings, allowing a shift to secondary material supply chains and a substantial reduction in related emissions. 特斯拉供应链与工程团队协同推进产品可持续材料设计。我们共同开发了允许铸件使用 90%以上消费后回收料的合金技术规范，由此转向二级材料供应链，实现相关排放的大幅削减。
We continue to prioritize mapping our aluminum supply chain, with more suppliers providing upstream information in 2024 than in years before. 我们持续将铝供应链的溯源工作作为重点，2024 年提供上游信息的供应商数量较往年有所增加。
Aluminum 铝
Material 材料
Supply Chain Tiers 供应链层级
Countries of Origin Identified 已识别的原产国
Stampers 冲压件生产国
Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, UK, U.S. 加拿大、中国、捷克共和国、德国、意大利、墨西哥、波兰、斯洛伐克、韩国、西班牙、英国、美国
Processors and Service Centers 处理器及服务中心
China, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, UK, U.S. 中国、墨西哥、波兰、斯洛伐克、英国、美国
Mills 工厂
Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Switzerland, U.S. 奥地利、比利时、加拿大、中国、德国、瑞士、美国
Ingot and Primary Aluminum 铝锭和原铝
India, Indonesia, U.S., Canada, UAE 印度、印度尼西亚、美国、加拿大、阿联酋
Bauxite 铝土矿
Australia, Brazil, China, Guinea, Iceland, Indonesia, Solomon Islands 澳大利亚、巴西、中国、几内亚、冰岛、印度尼西亚、所罗门群岛
Aluminum Material
Supply Chain Tiers Countries of Origin Identified
Stampers Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, UK, U.S.
Processors and Service Centers China, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, UK, U.S.
Mills Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Switzerland, U.S.
Ingot and Primary Aluminum India, Indonesia, U.S., Canada, UAE
Bauxite Australia, Brazil, China, Guinea, Iceland, Indonesia, Solomon Islands| Aluminum | Material |
| :--- | :--- |
| Supply Chain Tiers | Countries of Origin Identified |
| Stampers | Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, UK, U.S. |
| Processors and Service Centers | China, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, UK, U.S. |
| Mills | Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Switzerland, U.S. |
| Ingot and Primary Aluminum | India, Indonesia, U.S., Canada, UAE |
| Bauxite | Australia, Brazil, China, Guinea, Iceland, Indonesia, Solomon Islands |
We're mapping our steel and iron supply chains 我们正在绘制钢铁供应链图谱
We prioritize identifying and addressing risks in our ferrous materials supply chain because of the high prevalence of environmental impacts-steel especially is a significant contributor to Tesla’s supply chain GHG emissions. For more information on our efforts to understand and reduce our supply chain emissions, refer to the decarbonization section. 我们优先识别并解决铁基材料供应链中的风险，因为这类材料对环境的影响尤为显著——钢铁尤其构成了特斯拉供应链温室气体排放的重要来源。有关我们了解并减少供应链排放的更多举措，请参阅脱碳章节。
We buy ferrous materials in sheets and forgings. Steel is a primary component of many systems in a vehicle, but shows up prominently in the body, chassis and powertrain, as well as in the structure of our energy products. Most of our ferrous materials are alloyed, meaning iron is mixed with other elements to optimize their engineering properties. 我们采购板材和锻件形式的黑色金属材料。钢材是车辆众多系统的主要组成部分，尤其显著应用于车身、底盘、动力总成以及我们能源产品的结构中。我们使用的黑色金属材料大多为合金材料，即铁与其他元素混合以优化其工程性能。
The rising total demand for iron and steel globally means that increased recycling is not enough to create a truly sustainable steel sector. Therefore, we engage with producers of both recycled and primary material. Tesla engages regionally to maximize use of Electric Arc Furnace mills on lower steel grade and at the same time we are working with mainstream steel mills for a mid-term transition away from blast furnace production and toward direct reduction without coal that will systematically reduce emissions. 全球钢铁需求总量不断上升，这意味着仅靠增加回收利用不足以打造真正可持续的钢铁产业。因此，我们同时与再生材料生产商和原生材料生产商开展合作。特斯拉采取区域化策略，在低等级钢材领域最大化利用电弧炉炼钢；同时我们正与主流钢厂合作，推动中期转型——从高炉炼钢转向不使用煤炭的直接还原工艺，这将系统性降低排放。
We source much of the steel used in our vehicles directly from mills, sending the material to Tesla plants or to our tier 1 suppliers. This direct sourcing strategy, combined with our efforts of mapping upstream material sources where we do not directly source the raw material, enables increased visibility, the ability to conduct due diligence and the opportunity to further decarbonize our supply chain. 我们车辆所用的大部分钢材直接采购自钢厂，将材料运送至特斯拉工厂或一级供应商处。这种直采策略结合我们对非直采原材料的上游材料来源的追踪努力，提升了供应链透明度，使我们能够进行尽职调查，并为进一步实现供应链脱碳创造了机会。
Steel 钢材
Material 材料
Supply Chain Tiers 供应链层级
Countries of Origin Identified 已识别的原产国
Stampers 冲压件制造商
Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. 加拿大、中国、意大利、日本、墨西哥、波兰、韩国、台湾地区、美国
Processors and Service Centers 处理器及服务中心
Canada, China, Italy, Mexico, Japan, Poland, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. 加拿大、中国、意大利、墨西哥、日本、波兰、韩国、台湾地区、美国
Mills 轧钢厂
Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. 奥地利、比利时、加拿大、中国、日本、墨西哥、韩国、台湾地区、美国
Slabs 板坯
Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. 奥地利、比利时、巴西、加拿大、中国、日本、墨西哥、韩国、台湾地区、美国
Ore 矿石
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. 澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时、巴西、加拿大、中国、日本、墨西哥、韩国、台湾地区、美国
Steel Material
Supply Chain Tiers Countries of Origin Identified
Stampers Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S.
Processors and Service Centers Canada, China, Italy, Mexico, Japan, Poland, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S.
Mills Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S.
Slabs Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S.
Ore Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S.| Steel | Material |
| :--- | :--- |
| Supply Chain Tiers | Countries of Origin Identified |
| Stampers | Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. |
| Processors and Service Centers | Canada, China, Italy, Mexico, Japan, Poland, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. |
| Mills | Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. |
| Slabs | Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. |
| Ore | Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, U.S. |
We continue to scale our Supplier Self-Assessment Questionnaire 我们持续扩大供应商自我评估问卷的应用规模
Launched in 2022, the Supplier Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) is a tool used to identify and assess potential adverse impacts of our supply chain operations on people, the planet and society. By having suppliers affirm that they have policies, processes and controls in place at the manufacturing-site level consistent with Tesla’s Supplier Code of Conduct requirementsincluding labor, health and safety, environment, ethics and supply chain responsibility-we identify potential risk areas. This systematic process enables us to identify risks at scale based on actual supplier practices, which allows Tesla teams to proactively prioritize more extensive due diligence for high-risk suppliers based on the extent of the potential impact on workers’ health, safety or fundamental human rights and the number of workers and employees impacted at the supplier site. 特斯拉于 2022 年推出的供应商自我评估问卷（SAQ）是一项用于识别和评估供应链运营对人员、地球及社会潜在负面影响的工具。通过要求供应商确认其制造基地层面已建立符合特斯拉《供应商行为准则》要求的政策、流程及管控措施——包括劳工权益、健康安全、环境保护、商业道德和供应链责任——我们得以系统性识别潜在风险领域。该流程使我们能够基于供应商实际运营情况大规模识别风险，从而使特斯拉团队能主动优先对高风险供应商开展更深入的尽职调查，评估标准包括对员工健康安全或基本人权的潜在影响程度，以及供应商场所内受影响员工的数量规模。
The SAQ pushes Tesla’s responsible sourcing due diligence beyond generalized, inherent risk associated with certain commodities and countries toward the identification of concrete risks by requiring each unique location providing production parts, materials or services to Tesla to submit their respective responses. Tesla leverages this approach for all direct supplier categories, including batteries, aluminum, chemicals and indirect materials and services, including service centers, construction and on-site contractors. SAQ（供应商评估问卷）将特斯拉的负责任采购尽职调查从针对特定商品和国家的一般性固有风险，推进到具体风险的识别层面，要求每个为特斯拉提供生产部件、材料或服务的独特地点提交各自的回应。特斯拉将这种方法应用于所有直接供应商类别，包括电池、铝材、化学品，以及间接材料和服务，如服务中心、建筑和现场承包商。
How we leverage SAQ data 我们如何利用 SAQ 数据
In 2024, we increased the total number of supplier site responses by 44% for a total of over 1,400 total submissions. Submissions reflect facilities across 40+ countries that impact over two million supply chain workers. As many suppliers have never been asked to develop policies on issues such as limits to overtime, overtime pay, freely chosen employment, etc., the SAQ provides Tesla with the ability to identify those suppliers and ensure consistency of their policies with the requirements of our Supplier Code of Conduct. 2024 年，我们将供应商站点回应总数增加了 44%，总计超过 1400 份提交。这些提交反映了来自 40 多个国家的设施，影响着超过 200 万供应链工人。由于许多供应商从未被要求制定关于加班限制、加班工资、自由选择就业等问题的政策，SAQ 使特斯拉能够识别这些供应商，并确保其政策与我们的《供应商行为准则》要求保持一致。
Focus Areas 重点领域
Insufficient risk prioritization due to reliance 由于依赖关系导致的风险优先级排序不足
on abstract risk assessment only 仅基于抽象风险评估
Organizational visibility 组织可见性
to identified risks 针对已识别的风险
Supplier policies and implementation on freely 供应商政策及自由雇佣与童工的实施情况
chosen employment and child labor 关于自由选择就业和童工问题的措施
Actions 行动方案
Used SAQ results to inform corporate social responsibility audit prioritization 利用 SAQ 评估结果指导企业社会责任审计优先级排序
Built analytics to inform supply chain managers of potential risks 为供应链管理者建立分析系统，预警潜在风险
identified for their suppliers 识别供应商相关风险
Communicated results to supply chain stakeholders at all levels 向各级供应链利益相关方传达分析结果
Developed and communicated Tesla’s Freely Chosen Employment and Young Workers Guidelines to suppliers with guidance on expectations and requirements 制定并向供应商传达特斯拉《自由择业与青年用工指南》，明确相关期望与要求
We launched an integrated supply chain mapping tool 我们推出了一款集成供应链图谱工具
Supply chain mapping of our supply lines from tier 1 suppliers that Tesla directly sources products from all the way upstream to the material’s source is a foundational part of identifying and mitigating upstream risk. We define supply chain mapping as visibility on the suppliers within our supply chain and the relationships between them. 供应链图谱涵盖了从特斯拉直接采购产品的一级供应商直至原材料源头的完整供应线路，这是识别和缓解上游风险的基础工作。我们将供应链图谱定义为对供应链中各供应商及其相互关系的可视化呈现。
In 2024, we integrated supply chain mapping capabilities into our internal data systems to capture relevant current, future and former supply chains. This allows a consistent approach and format for the collection of supply chain data, regardless of the tier, and will help facilitate supplier-driven data collection, enabling greater scalability. It also enables colleagues to make decisions that consider entire upstream supply chains, rather than solely focusing our evaluation and responsible sourcing efforts on the direct tier 1 supplier. 2024 年，我们将供应链图谱功能集成至内部数据系统，以记录当前、未来及过往供应链的相关信息。这为各级供应链数据采集提供了统一的方法和格式，有助于推动供应商主导的数据收集，实现更强的可扩展性。同时使员工能够基于完整上游供应链进行决策，而非仅将评估和负责任采购工作的焦点放在直接的一级供应商身上。
Supply chain mapping needs to be an ongoing exercise, requiring continued re-engagement with suppliers to keep information up to date, enabling high-quality due diligence. Our primary goal is to identify and mitigate the potential risk of unknown and unapproved sources of materials. This increased visibility also supports our goal of building a more efficient supply chain, addressing implied tariffs and duties and detecting inefficient logistics corridors. 供应链图谱绘制需要持续进行，要求与供应商保持反复沟通以确保信息及时更新，从而实现高质量的尽职调查。我们的首要目标是识别并降低来自未知及未经批准材料来源的潜在风险。这种增强的透明度同时支持我们构建更高效供应链的目标，包括应对隐性关税、税费以及发现低效物流通道。
We conduct due diligence on our upstream supply chains, leveraging internal information such as the maps we have collected and our firsthand supplier and industry knowledge against third-party tools and software that help us expand our forced labor assessments of our supply chains. The respective findings contribute to more comprehensive risk analyses of new business awards and ongoing supply relationships, upstream supply chain partners, build locations, localization efforts and overall sourcing strategies. 我们对上游供应链开展尽职调查，将收集的图谱资料、一手供应商及行业知识等内部信息，与协助扩展供应链强制劳动评估的第三方工具及软件相结合。相关调查结果有助于对新业务授标、持续供应关系、上游供应链合作伙伴、生产基地选址、本土化进程及整体采购策略进行更全面的风险分析。
We view our mapping efforts as a first step toward supply chain traceability, which we define as the identification of all suppliers in a supply chain used to produce our parts, including those providing transportation services and the development of systems to collect and maintain documentation to verify the movement of goods throughout the supply chain, from raw materials to finished goods. 我们将测绘工作视为实现供应链可追溯性的第一步。我们定义的供应链可追溯性包括：识别生产零部件所涉及供应链中的所有供应商（含运输服务提供商），并建立系统来收集和维护相关文件，以验证从原材料到成品的整个供应链中货物的流转情况。
Tesla has taken steps toward greater traceability by implementing systems that allow critical minerals and materials suppliers to demonstrate chain of custody and batch-level traceability of materials. This ensures Tesla’s compliance with global regulations and further deepens our understanding of our global supply chain. 特斯拉已通过实施相关系统向更高可追溯性迈进，这些系统使关键矿物和材料供应商能够展示其材料的监管链和批次级可追溯性。此举既确保了特斯拉符合全球法规要求，也加深了我们对全球供应链的理解。
We take supply chain concerns and complaints seriously 我们高度重视供应链相关问题和投诉
We receive concerns related to responsible sourcing through a variety of channels, including formalized grievance mechanisms like our Integrity Line and informal channels like email. Our Integrity Line is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week and allows employees, contractors and third parties, including suppliers, their employees, community members and other stakeholders, to report concerns anonymously and without fear of retaliation. Concerns are investigated promptly and impartially in a manner appropriate to the circumstances, and remedial action is taken when necessary. 我们通过多种渠道接收与负责任采购相关的关切，包括正式的申诉机制（如我们的诚信热线）和非正式渠道（如电子邮件）。我们的诚信热线全天 24 小时、每周 7 天开放，允许员工、承包商及第三方（包括供应商及其员工、社区成员和其他利益相关方）匿名举报问题且无需担心遭到报复。所有关切都会根据具体情况得到及时公正的调查，并在必要时采取补救措施。
Concerns Related to Responsible Sourcing 与负责任采购相关的关切
(2024)
Integrity Line 诚信热线
2
Compliance (Direct Email) 合规部门（直连邮箱）
Supply Chain Scope 供应链范围
Categories of Concern 关注类别
Process to Investigate Concern 调查关注事项流程
Outcome 结果
Thermal 热管理问题
Wrongful Termination Excessive Overtime 不当解雇与过度加班
Priotized on-site CSR-Audit 优先进行现场 CSR 审计
Supplier contacted and an audit scheduled within one month of complaint 供应商已联系并在投诉后一个月内安排审计
Interiors 内饰
Excessive Overtime 过度加班
Priotized on-site CSR-Audit 优先进行现场企业社会责任审计
Corrective action plan implemented to address overtime hours that were identified as high but not excessive during audit 针对审计中发现加班时间偏高但未达过度的情况，已实施整改行动计划
Construction 施工
Recruitment Fees 招聘费用
Conducted interview with business partner and obtained historical background 与业务合作伙伴进行访谈并获取历史背景信息
No additional evidence was obtained to substantiate the claim 未获得额外证据来证实该索赔
Supply Chain Scope Categories of Concern Process to Investigate Concern Outcome
Thermal Wrongful Termination Excessive Overtime Priotized on-site CSR-Audit Supplier contacted and an audit scheduled within one month of complaint
Interiors Excessive Overtime Priotized on-site CSR-Audit Corrective action plan implemented to address overtime hours that were identified as high but not excessive during audit
Construction Recruitment Fees Conducted interview with business partner and obtained historical background No additional evidence was obtained to substantiate the claim| Supply Chain Scope | Categories of Concern | Process to Investigate Concern | Outcome |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Thermal | Wrongful Termination Excessive Overtime | Priotized on-site CSR-Audit | Supplier contacted and an audit scheduled within one month of complaint |
| Interiors | Excessive Overtime | Priotized on-site CSR-Audit | Corrective action plan implemented to address overtime hours that were identified as high but not excessive during audit |
| Construction | Recruitment Fees | Conducted interview with business partner and obtained historical background | No additional evidence was obtained to substantiate the claim |
See the process for investigating allegations received through Integrity Line detailed in the People & Community section of this report on page 126. 查看通过诚信热线收到的指控调查流程，详见本报告"人员与社区"部分第 126 页。
Appendix 附录
06
Supporting materials for increased clarification and transparency 用于增强澄清和透明度的支持材料
This appendix provides supporting information that expands upon the content presented in the earlier sections of this impact report. It includes additional data, explanations and references useful for further clarification or in-depth analysis. 本附录提供了扩展本影响报告前文内容的支持信息，包含有助于进一步澄清或深入分析的额外数据、解释和参考资料。
Appendix 附录
TCFD, SASB and United Nations SDG Alignment TCFD、SASB 与联合国可持续发展目标一致性
Key Metrics 关键指标
TCFD
Topic 主题
Accounting Metric 会计指标
Response 响应
Governance 治理
Describe the Board's oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities. 描述董事会对气候相关风险和机遇的监督。
Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 11 of this report. 请参阅本报告第 6 页的"治理：概述"和第 11 页的"管理气候风险"部分。
Describe management's role in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities. 描述管理层在评估和管理气候相关风险与机遇中的角色。
Risks: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report.
Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.
Risks: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report.
Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.| Risks: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. |
| :--- |
| Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report. |
| Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report. |
Strategy 战略
Describe the climate-related risks and opportunities the organization has identified over the short, medium, and long term. 描述组织在短期、中期及长期内已识别的气候相关风险与机遇。
Opportunity: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report.
Transition Risk: Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for climate-related procurement risks. Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for other climaterelated transition risks. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.
Physical Risk: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report.
Opportunity: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report.
Transition Risk: Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for climate-related procurement risks. Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for other climaterelated transition risks. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.
Physical Risk: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report.| Opportunity: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. |
| :--- |
| Transition Risk: Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for climate-related procurement risks. Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for other climaterelated transition risks. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report. |
| Physical Risk: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. |
Describe management's role in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities. 阐述管理层在评估和管理气候相关风险与机遇中的职责。
关于气候相关风险对财务影响的持续分析正在进行中。机遇：请参阅本报告第 4 页的"我们的使命"章节。
Analysis of financial-related impacts from climate-related risks is ongoing.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report.
Analysis of financial-related impacts from climate-related risks is ongoing.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report.| Analysis of financial-related impacts from climate-related risks is ongoing. |
| :--- |
| Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. |
Describe the resilience of the organization's strategy, taking into consideration different climate-related scenarios, including a 2^(@)C2^{\circ} \mathrm{C} or lower scenario. 描述组织战略在不同气候相关情景下的韧性，包括考虑 2^(@)C2^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 或更低排放情景。
Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. Additionally, Tesla's Responsible Sourcing Team works closely with critical suppliers to ensure they are hardening their operations against future climate risk. For future discussion of these efforts, see pages 162-181 of this report. 请参阅本报告第 12 页"TCFD：实体气候风险评估"章节。此外，特斯拉负责任采购团队与关键供应商紧密合作，确保其运营能够抵御未来气候风险。有关这些工作的详细讨论，请参见本报告第 162-181 页。
Risk Management 风险管理
Describe the organization's processes for identifying and assessing climaterelated risks. 描述组织识别和评估气候相关风险的流程。
Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 11 of this report, and "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. 请参阅本报告第 6 页的"治理：概述"、第 11 页的"管理气候风险"以及第 12 页的"TCFD：实体气候风险评估"。
Describe the organization's processes for managing climate-related risks. 描述组织管理气候相关风险的流程。
Tesla's Responsible Sourcing Team works closely with our suppliers to ensure they are operating in a way that mitigates future climate risk. For further discussion of these efforts, please see pages 162-181 of this report. 特斯拉负责任采购团队与供应商密切合作，确保其运营方式能够缓解未来的气候风险。有关这些工作的进一步讨论，请参阅本报告第 162-181 页。
Describe how processes for identifying, assessing and managing climaterelated risks are integrated into the organization's overall risk management. 描述如何将识别、评估和管理气候相关风险的流程整合到组织的整体风险管理中。
Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report. 请参阅本报告第 11 页的"治理：气候风险管理"章节。
Metrics & Targets 指标与目标
Disclose the metrics used by the organization to assess climate-related risks and opportunities in line with its strategy and risk management process. 披露组织用于评估气候相关风险与机遇的指标，这些指标与其战略和风险管理流程保持一致。
Please see more information on our GHG emissions on pages 192-194. Please see more on our Decarbonization Strategy on pages 38-55. Please see more on our climate-related risks and opportunities on pages 8-9 and 12 of this report. 更多关于我们温室气体排放的信息，请参阅本报告第 192-194 页。关于我们的脱碳战略，详见第 38-55 页。有关气候相关风险与机遇的更多内容，请查阅本报告第 8-9 页及第 12 页。
Disclose Scope 1, Scope 2 and, if appropriate, Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the related risks. 披露范围一、范围二及适用的范围三温室气体(GHG)排放量及相关风险。
Please see "Key Metrics: GHG Emissions" on pages 192-194 of this report. 请参阅本报告第 192-194 页"关键指标：温室气体排放"章节。
Describe the targets used by the organization to manage climate-related risks and opportunities and performance against targets. 说明组织用于管理气候相关风险与机遇的目标设定及目标达成情况。
Please see more on our Decarbonization Strategy on pages 38-55 of this report. Please see more on our climate-related risks and opportunities on pages 8-9 and 12 of this report. Please see our Supply Chain Decarbonization efforts on pages 151-157 of this report. 请查阅本报告第 38-55 页了解更多关于我们的脱碳战略。请查阅本报告第 8-9 页及第 12 页了解更多气候相关风险与机遇。请查阅本报告第 151-157 页了解我们的供应链脱碳举措。
Topic Accounting Metric Response
Governance Describe the Board's oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities. Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 11 of this report.
Describe management's role in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities. "Risks: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report.
Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report."
Strategy Describe the climate-related risks and opportunities the organization has identified over the short, medium, and long term. "Opportunity: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report.
Transition Risk: Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for climate-related procurement risks. Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for other climaterelated transition risks. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report.
Physical Risk: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report."
Describe management's role in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities. "Analysis of financial-related impacts from climate-related risks is ongoing.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report."
Describe the resilience of the organization's strategy, taking into consideration different climate-related scenarios, including a 2^(@)C or lower scenario. Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. Additionally, Tesla's Responsible Sourcing Team works closely with critical suppliers to ensure they are hardening their operations against future climate risk. For future discussion of these efforts, see pages 162-181 of this report.
Risk Management Describe the organization's processes for identifying and assessing climaterelated risks. Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 11 of this report, and "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report.
Describe the organization's processes for managing climate-related risks. Tesla's Responsible Sourcing Team works closely with our suppliers to ensure they are operating in a way that mitigates future climate risk. For further discussion of these efforts, please see pages 162-181 of this report.
Describe how processes for identifying, assessing and managing climaterelated risks are integrated into the organization's overall risk management. Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report.
Metrics & Targets Disclose the metrics used by the organization to assess climate-related risks and opportunities in line with its strategy and risk management process. Please see more information on our GHG emissions on pages 192-194. Please see more on our Decarbonization Strategy on pages 38-55. Please see more on our climate-related risks and opportunities on pages 8-9 and 12 of this report.
Disclose Scope 1, Scope 2 and, if appropriate, Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the related risks. Please see "Key Metrics: GHG Emissions" on pages 192-194 of this report.
Describe the targets used by the organization to manage climate-related risks and opportunities and performance against targets. Please see more on our Decarbonization Strategy on pages 38-55 of this report. Please see more on our climate-related risks and opportunities on pages 8-9 and 12 of this report. Please see our Supply Chain Decarbonization efforts on pages 151-157 of this report.| Topic | Accounting Metric | Response |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Governance | Describe the Board's oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities. | Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 11 of this report. |
| | Describe management's role in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities. | Risks: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. <br> Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report. <br> Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report. |
| Strategy | Describe the climate-related risks and opportunities the organization has identified over the short, medium, and long term. | Opportunity: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. <br> Transition Risk: Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for climate-related procurement risks. Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report for other climaterelated transition risks. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on pages 8-9 of this report. <br> Physical Risk: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. |
| | Describe management's role in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities. | Analysis of financial-related impacts from climate-related risks is ongoing. <br> Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 4 of this report. |
| | Describe the resilience of the organization's strategy, taking into consideration different climate-related scenarios, including a $2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ or lower scenario. | Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. Additionally, Tesla's Responsible Sourcing Team works closely with critical suppliers to ensure they are hardening their operations against future climate risk. For future discussion of these efforts, see pages 162-181 of this report. |
| Risk Management | Describe the organization's processes for identifying and assessing climaterelated risks. | Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 11 of this report, and "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 12 of this report. |
| | Describe the organization's processes for managing climate-related risks. | Tesla's Responsible Sourcing Team works closely with our suppliers to ensure they are operating in a way that mitigates future climate risk. For further discussion of these efforts, please see pages 162-181 of this report. |
| | Describe how processes for identifying, assessing and managing climaterelated risks are integrated into the organization's overall risk management. | Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 11 of this report. |
| Metrics & Targets | Disclose the metrics used by the organization to assess climate-related risks and opportunities in line with its strategy and risk management process. | Please see more information on our GHG emissions on pages 192-194. Please see more on our Decarbonization Strategy on pages 38-55. Please see more on our climate-related risks and opportunities on pages 8-9 and 12 of this report. |
| | Disclose Scope 1, Scope 2 and, if appropriate, Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the related risks. | Please see "Key Metrics: GHG Emissions" on pages 192-194 of this report. |
| | Describe the targets used by the organization to manage climate-related risks and opportunities and performance against targets. | Please see more on our Decarbonization Strategy on pages 38-55 of this report. Please see more on our climate-related risks and opportunities on pages 8-9 and 12 of this report. Please see our Supply Chain Decarbonization efforts on pages 151-157 of this report. |
SASB SASB（可持续发展会计准则委员会）
Topic 主题
Accounting Metric 会计计量指标
Response 响应
Product Safety 产品安全
Percentage of models rated by NCAP programs with overall 5-star safety ratings, by region. 各地区获得 NCAP 项目总体五星安全评级的车型比例。
Please see pages 82-88 for our discussion of vehicle safety. Please see pages 80-81 for specifics related to our 5-star safety ratings. 关于车辆安全的详细讨论，请参阅第 82-88 页。有关我们五星安全评级的具体信息，请参阅第 80-81 页。
Number of vehicles recalled (percentage conducted with OTA software update*). 召回车辆数量（通过 OTA 软件更新完成的百分比*）。
Number of U.S. recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 16 (50%)
Number of U.S. vehicles affected in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 5,137,968 (99%)
Number of Global recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 22 (55%)
Number of Global vehicles affected in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 9,073,645 (99%)
Number of U.S. recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 16 (50%)
Number of U.S. vehicles affected in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 5,137,968 (99%)
Number of Global recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 22 (55%)
Number of Global vehicles affected in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 9,073,645 (99%)| Number of U.S. recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 16 (50%) |
| :--- |
| Number of U.S. vehicles affected in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 5,137,968 (99%) |
| Number of Global recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 22 (55%) |
| Number of Global vehicles affected in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 9,073,645 (99%) |
Labor Practices 劳工实践
集体谈判协议覆盖的在职员工数。(1)停工事件次数及(2)总停工天数。
Active workforce covered under collective bargaining agreements.
(1) Number of work stoppages and (2) total days idle.
Active workforce covered under collective bargaining agreements.
(1) Number of work stoppages and (2) total days idle.| Active workforce covered under collective bargaining agreements. |
| :--- |
| (1) Number of work stoppages and (2) total days idle. |
美国特斯拉员工均未加入集体谈判协议。部分海外特斯拉员工仅在法律要求范围内参与集体谈判协议。0/0
No Tesla employees in the U.S. are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Some Tesla employees outside of the U.S. are covered by collective bargaining agreements only to the extent required by law.
0/0
No Tesla employees in the U.S. are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Some Tesla employees outside of the U.S. are covered by collective bargaining agreements only to the extent required by law.
0/0| No Tesla employees in the U.S. are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Some Tesla employees outside of the U.S. are covered by collective bargaining agreements only to the extent required by law. |
| :--- |
| 0/0 |
燃油经济性与使用阶段排放
Fuel Economy and Use-Phase
Emissions
Fuel Economy and Use-Phase
Emissions| Fuel Economy and Use-Phase |
| :--- |
| Emissions |
Sales-weighted average passenger fleet fuel economy, by region. 分地区销售加权平均乘用车队燃油经济性
Please see pages 29-32 and 196-198 for discussion/data. 相关讨论/数据请参阅第 29-32 页及 196-198 页
Number of (1) zero emission vehicles (ZEV), (2) hybrid vehicles and (3) plugin hybrid vehicles sold. (1)零排放车辆(ZEV)、(2)混合动力车辆及(3)插电式混合动力车辆的销售数量。
Tesla only sells zero-emission vehicles. In 2024, we delivered 1,789,226 vehicles. 特斯拉仅销售零排放车辆。2024 年，我们交付了 1,789,226 辆汽车。
Discussion of strategy for managing fleet fuel economy and emissions risks and opportunities. 关于管理车队燃油经济性及排放风险与机遇的战略讨论。
Please see page 28 for a discussion on fleet fuel economy. Please see Sustainability Assessment on pages 8-9 for a discussion on climate-related risks and opportunities. 车队燃油经济性讨论请参阅第 28 页。气候相关风险与机遇讨论请参阅第 8-9 页的可持续发展评估章节。
Materials Sourcing 材料采购
Description of the management of risks associated with the use of critical materials. 关于关键材料使用相关风险管理的说明。
Please see Supply Chain section on pages 145-148 and 162-181 of this report. 请参阅本报告第 145-148 页及 162-181 页的供应链章节。
Materials Efficiency and Recycling 材料效率与回收利用
Total amount of waste from manufacturing, percentage recycled. 制造过程中产生的废弃物总量，回收百分比。
Please see Key Metrics on page 195 of this report. 请参阅本报告第 195 页的关键指标。
Weight of end-of-life material recovered, percentage recycled. 报废材料回收重量，回收百分比。
We make the best effort to recycle every battery pack we can. Please see pages 59-63 for a discussion on our waste, circular solutions and remanufacturing programs. Please see page 42 for a discussion on our end-of-life methodology. Please see Key Metrics on page 194 for our 2022, 2023 and 2024 end of life emissions. 我们竭尽所能回收每一块电池组。关于废弃物处理、循环解决方案及再制造项目的讨论，请参阅第 59-63 页。报废处理方法讨论详见第 42 页。2022、2023 及 2024 年度报废排放数据请查阅第 194 页关键指标。
Average recyclability of vehicles sold. 已售车辆的平均可回收率
Please see pages 60-63 for a discussion on our circular solutions and remanufacturing programs. 关于我们的循环解决方案和再制造计划，请参阅第 60-63 页的讨论。
Number of Vehicles Manufactured 生产车辆数量
1,773,443
Number of Vehicles Manufactured 生产车辆数量
1,789,226
Topic Accounting Metric Response
Product Safety Percentage of models rated by NCAP programs with overall 5-star safety ratings, by region. Please see pages 82-88 for our discussion of vehicle safety. Please see pages 80-81 for specifics related to our 5-star safety ratings.
Number of vehicles recalled (percentage conducted with OTA software update*). "Number of U.S. recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 16 (50%)
Number of U.S. vehicles affected in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 5,137,968 (99%)
Number of Global recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 22 (55%)
Number of Global vehicles affected in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 9,073,645 (99%)"
Labor Practices "Active workforce covered under collective bargaining agreements.
(1) Number of work stoppages and (2) total days idle." "No Tesla employees in the U.S. are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Some Tesla employees outside of the U.S. are covered by collective bargaining agreements only to the extent required by law.
0/0"
"Fuel Economy and Use-Phase
Emissions" Sales-weighted average passenger fleet fuel economy, by region. Please see pages 29-32 and 196-198 for discussion/data.
Number of (1) zero emission vehicles (ZEV), (2) hybrid vehicles and (3) plugin hybrid vehicles sold. Tesla only sells zero-emission vehicles. In 2024, we delivered 1,789,226 vehicles.
Discussion of strategy for managing fleet fuel economy and emissions risks and opportunities. Please see page 28 for a discussion on fleet fuel economy. Please see Sustainability Assessment on pages 8-9 for a discussion on climate-related risks and opportunities.
Materials Sourcing Description of the management of risks associated with the use of critical materials. Please see Supply Chain section on pages 145-148 and 162-181 of this report.
Materials Efficiency and Recycling Total amount of waste from manufacturing, percentage recycled. Please see Key Metrics on page 195 of this report.
Weight of end-of-life material recovered, percentage recycled. We make the best effort to recycle every battery pack we can. Please see pages 59-63 for a discussion on our waste, circular solutions and remanufacturing programs. Please see page 42 for a discussion on our end-of-life methodology. Please see Key Metrics on page 194 for our 2022, 2023 and 2024 end of life emissions.
Average recyclability of vehicles sold. Please see pages 60-63 for a discussion on our circular solutions and remanufacturing programs.
Number of Vehicles Manufactured 1,773,443
Number of Vehicles Manufactured 1,789,226| Topic | Accounting Metric | Response |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Product Safety | Percentage of models rated by NCAP programs with overall 5-star safety ratings, by region. | Please see pages 82-88 for our discussion of vehicle safety. Please see pages 80-81 for specifics related to our 5-star safety ratings. |
| | Number of vehicles recalled (percentage conducted with OTA software update*). | Number of U.S. recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 16 (50%) <br> Number of U.S. vehicles affected in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 5,137,968 (99%) <br> Number of Global recalls in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 22 (55%) <br> Number of Global vehicles affected in 2024 (how many of those were software only): 9,073,645 (99%) |
| Labor Practices | Active workforce covered under collective bargaining agreements. <br> (1) Number of work stoppages and (2) total days idle. | No Tesla employees in the U.S. are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Some Tesla employees outside of the U.S. are covered by collective bargaining agreements only to the extent required by law. <br> 0/0 |
| Fuel Economy and Use-Phase <br> Emissions | Sales-weighted average passenger fleet fuel economy, by region. | Please see pages 29-32 and 196-198 for discussion/data. |
| | Number of (1) zero emission vehicles (ZEV), (2) hybrid vehicles and (3) plugin hybrid vehicles sold. | Tesla only sells zero-emission vehicles. In 2024, we delivered 1,789,226 vehicles. |
| | Discussion of strategy for managing fleet fuel economy and emissions risks and opportunities. | Please see page 28 for a discussion on fleet fuel economy. Please see Sustainability Assessment on pages 8-9 for a discussion on climate-related risks and opportunities. |
| Materials Sourcing | Description of the management of risks associated with the use of critical materials. | Please see Supply Chain section on pages 145-148 and 162-181 of this report. |
| Materials Efficiency and Recycling | Total amount of waste from manufacturing, percentage recycled. | Please see Key Metrics on page 195 of this report. |
| | Weight of end-of-life material recovered, percentage recycled. | We make the best effort to recycle every battery pack we can. Please see pages 59-63 for a discussion on our waste, circular solutions and remanufacturing programs. Please see page 42 for a discussion on our end-of-life methodology. Please see Key Metrics on page 194 for our 2022, 2023 and 2024 end of life emissions. |
| | Average recyclability of vehicles sold. | Please see pages 60-63 for a discussion on our circular solutions and remanufacturing programs. |
| Number of Vehicles Manufactured | | 1,773,443 |
| Number of Vehicles Manufactured | | 1,789,226 |
United Nations SDG Alignment 联合国可持续发展目标对齐
The United Nations defined a blueprint of 17 sustainable development goals to meet the urgent environmental, social, political and economic challenges facing our world. We understand that companies can play a critical role in providing solutions to these challenges. Our mission to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy directly addresses some of these challenges-our products and services have helped to create industry demand for sustainable energy products. 联合国制定了 17 项可持续发展目标的蓝图，以应对全球面临的紧迫环境、社会、政治和经济挑战。我们深知企业在提供解决方案方面可以发挥关键作用。我们加速世界向可持续能源转型的使命直接应对了其中部分挑战——我们的产品和服务推动了市场对可持续能源产品的需求。
In 2023, we conducted a sustainability assessment to determine strategic focus areas both material to the business and salient to the society and the environment (please see page 8 for more information). On the next page, we have mapped our focus areas to the most relevant Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). 2023 年，我们开展了可持续发展评估，以确定既对企业至关重要又对社会和环境具有重大意义的战略重点领域（更多信息请参见第 8 页）。在接下来的页面中，我们将重点领域与最相关的联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）进行了对应。
United Nations SDG Alignment Goals 联合国可持续发展目标对应关系
UN SDGs 联合国 SDGs
Focus Areas 重点领域
Page Reference 页码索引
No Poverty 消除贫困
Responsible Sourcing 负责任采购
Please see pages 139-150 in our Supply Chain section. 请参阅我们供应链章节的第 139-150 页。
Zero Hunger 零饥饿
Child Labor & Forced Labor 童工与强迫劳动
Please see pages 145-148 in our Supply Chain section. 请参阅我们供应链章节的第 145-148 页。
Please see page 131 in our People & Community section. We offer competitive pay and benefits, please see page 130 in our People & Community section. We prioritize employee safety and engagement through HOP, please see page 120 in our People & Community section. 详见我们"人员与社区"章节第 131 页。我们提供具有竞争力的薪酬福利，详见"人员与社区"章节第 130 页。我们通过 HOP（人类组织绩效）优先保障员工安全与参与度，详见"人员与社区"章节第 120 页。
Quality Education 优质教育
External Stakeholder Engagement 外部利益相关方参与
Please see a discussion on our next generation of Tesla leaders on pages 106-112. 关于特斯拉下一代领导者的讨论，请参阅第 106-112 页。
Gender Equality 性别平等
Equal Opportunities 平等机会
We do not tolerate harassment or discrimination. Please see pages 127 and 200 for more information. 我们绝不容忍骚扰或歧视行为。更多详情请参阅第 127 页和第 200 页。
Clean Water and Sanitation 清洁饮水和卫生设施
Water Use & Management 水资源使用与管理
Please see pages 56-58 for more information. 更多详情请参阅第 56 至 58 页。
Affordable and Clean Energy 经济实惠的清洁能源
Inclusive Energy Transition 包容性能源转型
Please see pages 106-115 for more information. 更多详情请参阅第 106-115 页。
2. Please see our Supply Chain Section on pages 139-185.
3. Please see pages 124-126 and 185.
4. Please see pages 14-17.
5. Please see page 18.
6. Please see pages 106-115.
7. Please see page 121.
8. Please see page 122.
9. Please see pages 135-137.
10. Please see pages 127 and 129-134.
1. Please see our Product Section on pages 66-88.
2. Please see our Supply Chain Section on pages 139-185.
3. Please see pages 124-126 and 185.
4. Please see pages 14-17.
5. Please see page 18.
6. Please see pages 106-115.
7. Please see page 121.
8. Please see page 122.
9. Please see pages 135-137.
10. Please see pages 127 and 129-134.| 1. Please see our Product Section on pages 66-88. |
| :--- |
| 2. Please see our Supply Chain Section on pages 139-185. |
| 3. Please see pages 124-126 and 185. |
| 4. Please see pages 14-17. |
| 5. Please see page 18. |
| 6. Please see pages 106-115. |
| 7. Please see page 121. |
| 8. Please see page 122. |
| 9. Please see pages 135-137. |
| 10. Please see pages 127 and 129-134. |
Industry, Innovation + Infrastructure 产业、创新与基础设施
Government Relations Policy 政府关系政策
Please see Circular Solutions on page 60. 请参阅第 60 页的循环解决方案。
Reduced Inequalities 减少不平等
政府关系政策包容性能源转型
Government Relations Policy
Inclusive Energy Transition
Government Relations Policy
Inclusive Energy Transition| Government Relations Policy |
| :--- |
| Inclusive Energy Transition |
请参阅第 72-75 页。请参阅第 106-115 页。
Please see pages 72-75.
Please see pages 106-115.
Please see pages 72-75.
Please see pages 106-115.| Please see pages 72-75. |
| :--- |
| Please see pages 106-115. |
Sustainable Cities and Communities 可持续城市与社区
包容性能源转型外部利益相关方参与
Inclusive Energy Transition
External Stakeholder Engagement
Inclusive Energy Transition
External Stakeholder Engagement| Inclusive Energy Transition |
| :--- |
| External Stakeholder Engagement |
详见第 106-115 页。详见第 135-137 页。
Please see pages 106-115.
Please see pages 135-137.
Please see pages 106-115.
Please see pages 135-137.| Please see pages 106-115. |
| :--- |
| Please see pages 135-137. |
United Nations SDG Alignment Goals
UN SDGs Focus Areas Page Reference
No Poverty Responsible Sourcing Please see pages 139-150 in our Supply Chain section.
Zero Hunger Child Labor & Forced Labor Please see pages 145-148 in our Supply Chain section.
Good Health and Well-Being "Talent Management & Employee Wellbeing
Occupational Health & Safety
Product Quality & Safety
Responsible Sourcing" Please see page 131 in our People & Community section. We offer competitive pay and benefits, please see page 130 in our People & Community section. We prioritize employee safety and engagement through HOP, please see page 120 in our People & Community section.
Quality Education External Stakeholder Engagement Please see a discussion on our next generation of Tesla leaders on pages 106-112.
Gender Equality Equal Opportunities We do not tolerate harassment or discrimination. Please see pages 127 and 200 for more information.
Clean Water and Sanitation Water Use & Management Please see pages 56-58 for more information.
Affordable and Clean Energy Inclusive Energy Transition Please see pages 106-115 for more information.
Decent Work and Economic Growth "1. Product Quality & Safety
2. Responsible Sourcing
3. Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedy
4. Responsible Data & Cybersecurity
5. Responsible AI
6. Inclusive Energy Transition
7. Occupational Health & Safety
8. Employee Engagement
9. External Stakeholder Engagement
10. Equal Opportunities" "1. Please see our Product Section on pages 66-88.
2. Please see our Supply Chain Section on pages 139-185.
3. Please see pages 124-126 and 185.
4. Please see pages 14-17.
5. Please see page 18.
6. Please see pages 106-115.
7. Please see page 121.
8. Please see page 122.
9. Please see pages 135-137.
10. Please see pages 127 and 129-134."
Industry, Innovation + Infrastructure Government Relations Policy Please see Circular Solutions on page 60.
Reduced Inequalities "Government Relations Policy
Inclusive Energy Transition" "Please see pages 72-75.
Please see pages 106-115."
Sustainable Cities and Communities "Inclusive Energy Transition
External Stakeholder Engagement" "Please see pages 106-115.
Please see pages 135-137."| United Nations SDG Alignment Goals | | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| UN SDGs | Focus Areas | Page Reference |
| No Poverty | Responsible Sourcing | Please see pages 139-150 in our Supply Chain section. |
| Zero Hunger | Child Labor & Forced Labor | Please see pages 145-148 in our Supply Chain section. |
| Good Health and Well-Being | Talent Management & Employee Wellbeing <br> Occupational Health & Safety <br> Product Quality & Safety <br> Responsible Sourcing | Please see page 131 in our People & Community section. We offer competitive pay and benefits, please see page 130 in our People & Community section. We prioritize employee safety and engagement through HOP, please see page 120 in our People & Community section. |
| Quality Education | External Stakeholder Engagement | Please see a discussion on our next generation of Tesla leaders on pages 106-112. |
| Gender Equality | Equal Opportunities | We do not tolerate harassment or discrimination. Please see pages 127 and 200 for more information. |
| Clean Water and Sanitation | Water Use & Management | Please see pages 56-58 for more information. |
| Affordable and Clean Energy | Inclusive Energy Transition | Please see pages 106-115 for more information. |
| Decent Work and Economic Growth | 1. Product Quality & Safety <br> 2. Responsible Sourcing <br> 3. Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedy <br> 4. Responsible Data & Cybersecurity <br> 5. Responsible AI <br> 6. Inclusive Energy Transition <br> 7. Occupational Health & Safety <br> 8. Employee Engagement <br> 9. External Stakeholder Engagement <br> 10. Equal Opportunities | 1. Please see our Product Section on pages 66-88. <br> 2. Please see our Supply Chain Section on pages 139-185. <br> 3. Please see pages 124-126 and 185. <br> 4. Please see pages 14-17. <br> 5. Please see page 18. <br> 6. Please see pages 106-115. <br> 7. Please see page 121. <br> 8. Please see page 122. <br> 9. Please see pages 135-137. <br> 10. Please see pages 127 and 129-134. |
| Industry, Innovation + Infrastructure | Government Relations Policy | Please see Circular Solutions on page 60. |
| Reduced Inequalities | Government Relations Policy <br> Inclusive Energy Transition | Please see pages 72-75. <br> Please see pages 106-115. |
| Sustainable Cities and Communities | Inclusive Energy Transition <br> External Stakeholder Engagement | Please see pages 106-115. <br> Please see pages 135-137. |
Key Metrics 关键指标
This year, we expanded the scope of our environmental metrics to include Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg and Gigafactory Texas for the first time, contributing to an increase in reported emissions. As our product portfolio and business operations continue to evolvemost recently with the introduction of Cybercab and Optimus-we are committed to refining our reporting methodology to ensure our intensity metrics accurately reflect our diverse operations and products beyond a per-vehicle metric. 今年，我们首次将柏林-勃兰登堡超级工厂和得克萨斯超级工厂纳入环境指标报告范围，这导致报告排放量有所增加。随着产品组合和业务运营的持续发展——尤其是近期推出的 Cybercab 和 Optimus 机器人——我们致力于完善报告方法，确保强度指标能准确反映我们多元化的运营和产品体系，而不仅限于单车指标。
As we consistently monitor and refine our carbon footprint reporting, it is inevitable that we will need to update emissions data from previous years. Our methodologies have only gotten more precise as we have been able to gather more real, granular and regionalized data. 随着我们持续监测并完善碳足迹报告，对往年排放数据进行修正是不可避免的。由于我们能够收集到更真实、更细颗粒度且区域化的数据，我们的核算方法正变得日益精确。
Please refer to the most recent Impact Report for accurate GHG emission figures for historical years. 历史年度的准确温室气体排放数据，请参阅最新版《影响力报告》。
^(******){ }^{* * *} In 2024 a discussion on our evolving intensity metrics and the impact of our new factories on our metrics, please see the introduction to our key metrics on page 192. ^(******){ }^{* * *} 2024 年关于我们不断变化的强度指标及新工厂对指标影响的讨论，请参阅第 192 页关键指标介绍。
Number of Vehicular Accidents Per Million Miles Driven 每百万英里行驶里程的车辆事故数
2024
2023
2022
Autopilot Engaged 启用自动驾驶状态
0.15
0.18
0.18
No Active Safety 无主动安全功能
0.85
0.81
0.68
Total US Vehicle Fleet* 美国汽车总量*
1.42
1.49
1.53
Health & Safety 健康与安全
2024
2023
2022
ASTM Level One Rate ASTM 一级达标率
2.28
2.51
2.86
Fatalities 死亡事故
1**
1
0
Vehicle Safety
Number of Vehicular Accidents Per Million Miles Driven 2024 2023 2022
Autopilot Engaged 0.15 0.18 0.18
No Active Safety 0.85 0.81 0.68
Total US Vehicle Fleet* 1.42 1.49 1.53
Health & Safety 2024 2023 2022
ASTM Level One Rate 2.28 2.51 2.86
Fatalities 1** 1 0| Vehicle Safety | | | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Number of Vehicular Accidents Per Million Miles Driven | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 |
| Autopilot Engaged | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| No Active Safety | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.68 |
| Total US Vehicle Fleet* | 1.42 | 1.49 | 1.53 |
| Health & Safety | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 |
| ASTM Level One Rate | 2.28 | 2.51 | 2.86 |
| Fatalities | 1** | 1 | 0 |
*Figures reflect most recent NHTSA data *数据基于美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)最新统计
**Unfortunately, Tesla experienced a contractor fatality in Texas, in 2024. **2024 年特斯拉在德克萨斯州不幸发生一起承包商死亡事故
*Uptime of Supercharger sites reflects the average percentage of sites globally that had at least 50%50 \% of their daily capacity functional for the year. *超级充电站站点的运行时间反映了全球范围内全年每日至少有 50%50 \% 容量可正常使用的站点平均百分比。
*For a discussion on our evolving intensity metrics and the impact of our new factories on our metrics, please see the introduction to our key metrics on page 192. *关于我们不断变化的强度指标及新工厂对指标影响的讨论，请参阅第 192 页关键指标介绍。
Water Withdrawal for 用水量（立方米）
Manufacturing (cubic meters) 生产制造
*For a discussion on our evolving intensity metrics and the impact of our new factories on our metrics, please see the introduction to our key metrics on page 192. *关于我们不断变化的强度指标及新工厂对指标影响的讨论，请参阅第 192 页关键指标介绍。
Average Lifecycle Emissions 平均生命周期排放量
United States ( gCO_(2)e//mi\mathrm{gCO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi} ) 美国（ gCO_(2)e//mi\mathrm{gCO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi} ）
Model 3/Y (Long Range AWD) Model 3/Y（长续航全轮驱动版）
Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain 制造阶段与供应链
Use Phase 使用阶段
Total 总计
Personal Use (solar charged) 个人使用（太阳能充电）
70
0
70
Personal Use (grid charged) 个人使用（电网充电）
60
74
134
ICE 内燃机汽车
52
407
459
Model 3/Y (Long Range AWD) Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain Use Phase Total
Personal Use (solar charged) 70 0 70
Personal Use (grid charged) 60 74 134
ICE 52 407 459| Model 3/Y (Long Range AWD) | Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain | Use Phase | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Personal Use (solar charged) | 70 | 0 | 70 |
| Personal Use (grid charged) | 60 | 74 | 134 |
| ICE | 52 | 407 | 459 |
Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain Use Phase Total Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain Use Phase Total
Personal Use (solar charged) 72 0 72 Personal Use (solar charged) 72 0 72
Personal Use (grid charged) 62 54 116 Personal Use (grid charged) 62 46 108
ICE 48 397 445 ICE 48 397 445
Europe ( gCO_(2)e//mi ) France ( gCO_(2)e//mi )
Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain Use Phase Total Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain Use Phase Total
Personal Use (solar charged) 114 0 114 Personal Use (solar charged) 114 0 114
Personal Use (grid charged) 103 37 139 Personal Use (grid charged) 103 11 113
ICE 64 396 459 ICE 64 396 459
China ( gCO_(2)e//mi ) Sichuan Province ( gCO_(2)e//mi )
Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain Use Phase Total Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain Use Phase Total
Personal Use (solar charged) 114 0 114 Personal Use (solar charged) 114 0 114
Personal Use (grid charged) 103 129 231 Personal Use (grid charged) 103 32 134
ICE 65 400 466 ICE 65 400 466| Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) | Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain | Use Phase | Total | Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) | Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain | Use Phase | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Personal Use (solar charged) | 72 | 0 | 72 | Personal Use (solar charged) | 72 | 0 | 72 |
| Personal Use (grid charged) | 62 | 54 | 116 | Personal Use (grid charged) | 62 | 46 | 108 |
| ICE | 48 | 397 | 445 | ICE | 48 | 397 | 445 |
| Europe ( $\mathrm{gCO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi}$ ) | | | | France ( $\mathrm{gCO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi}$ ) | | | |
| Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) | Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain | Use Phase | Total | Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) | Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain | Use Phase | Total |
| Personal Use (solar charged) | 114 | 0 | 114 | Personal Use (solar charged) | 114 | 0 | 114 |
| Personal Use (grid charged) | 103 | 37 | 139 | Personal Use (grid charged) | 103 | 11 | 113 |
| ICE | 64 | 396 | 459 | ICE | 64 | 396 | 459 |
| China ( $\mathrm{gCO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi}$ ) | | | | Sichuan Province ( $\mathrm{gCO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi}$ ) | | | |
| Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) | Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain | Use Phase | Total | Model 3/Y (Standard Range RWD) | Manufacturing Phase & Supply Chain | Use Phase | Total |
| Personal Use (solar charged) | 114 | 0 | 114 | Personal Use (solar charged) | 114 | 0 | 114 |
| Personal Use (grid charged) | 103 | 129 | 231 | Personal Use (grid charged) | 103 | 32 | 134 |
| ICE | 65 | 400 | 466 | ICE | 65 | 400 | 466 |
Average Lifecycle Emissions 平均生命周期排放量
Awards and Certifications 奖项与认证
EHS Awards 环境健康安全奖项
Tesla Global Energy - The National Safety Council Innovation Award Runner Up for the creation and implementation of the leadership engagement tool used to verify and validate essential safeguards 特斯拉全球能源 - 因创建并实施领导参与工具而获得美国国家安全委员会创新奖亚军，该工具用于验证关键安全保障措施
Gigafactory Texas-Austin Water Excellence in pretreatment Award 得克萨斯州超级工厂 - 奥斯汀水预处理卓越奖
Fremont Factory-True CBCI Gold Certified zero waste Gigafactory Shanghai—UL 2999 Zero Waste to Landfill Platinum Award 弗里蒙特工厂 - 获得 True CBCI 黄金认证的零废料工厂
上海超级工厂 - UL 2999 零填埋白金认证
Gigafactory Shanghai-China National Green Factory Award 上海超级工厂-中国国家级绿色工厂奖
Fremont Factory-Certificate of Merit Award-Union Sanitary District for “exceeding USD’s standards for compliance, working in a collaborative relationship with USD’s Environmental Compliance team, and working with USD in protecting our communities and SF Bay” 弗里蒙特工厂-荣誉证书奖-联合卫生区授予，表彰其"超越卫生区标准要求，与卫生区环境合规团队保持协作关系，并共同保护社区和旧金山湾区环境"
Certifications 认证
Gigafactory Nevada. Gigafactory New York, Gigafactory Shanghai, Lathrop-Harlan Castings & Machining, Tesla Automation GmbH - ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 certified 内华达超级工厂、纽约超级工厂、上海超级工厂、Lathrop-Harlan 铸造与机械加工厂、Tesla Automation GmbH - 通过 ISO 14001 和 ISO 45001 认证
Tesla, Inc Information Security, Cybersecurity, and Privacy Protection – ISO/IEC 27001 certified 特斯拉公司信息安全、网络安全与隐私保护 - 通过 ISO/IEC 27001 认证
Australia Energy - EHS management system certification from the OFSC, Office of the Federal Safety Commission 澳大利亚能源业务 - 获得联邦安全委员会办公室(OFSC)的 EHS 管理体系认证
Tesla Automation - ISO 90001 and ISO50001 certified Tesla Automation - 通过 ISO 9001 和 ISO 50001 认证
*Data only includes U.S. employees (Active/On Leave as of 12/31/2023) who identified their Gender as Male or Female, and also identified Race in their profile *数据仅包含截至 2023 年 12 月 31 日美国在职/休假员工中，在个人资料中申报性别为男性或女性，并同时申报了种族的员工
ILO Indicators Annex in our supply chain 我们供应链中的国际劳工组织指标附录
Indicator 指标
Explanation 说明
Abuse of Vulnerability 利用弱势
Exploiting workers' vulnerable situations, such as their lack of education, financial hardship or legal status 利用工人的弱势处境，如教育程度低、经济困难或非法身份
Deception 欺骗
Lying or misleading workers about the terms of their employment, wages or working conditions 在雇佣条款、工资或工作条件方面对员工进行欺骗或误导
Restriction of Movement 限制行动自由
Preventing workers from leaving their workplace or the area where they live or work 阻止员工离开工作场所或其生活、工作区域
Isolation 隔离
Separating workers from their families, friends or other support networks 将工人与其家人、朋友或其他支持网络分离
Physical and Sexual Violence 身体暴力和性暴力
Using or threatening physical or sexual violence against workers 对工人实施或威胁实施身体暴力或性暴力
Intimidation and Threats 恐吓与威胁
Using threats or intimidation to coerce workers into staying in a forced labor situation 使用威胁或恐吓手段迫使工人留在强迫劳动环境中
Retention of Identity Documents 扣留身份证明文件
Taking away or controlling workers' identity documents, such as passports or visas, to prevent them from leaving 没收或控制工人的身份证明文件（如护照或签证）以阻止其离开
Withholding of Wages 克扣工资
Not paying workers their wages or other promised benefits 不支付工人工资或其他承诺的福利
Debt Bondage 债务奴役
Using debt as a means to trap workers in a forced labor situation 利用债务作为手段迫使工人陷入强迫劳动境地
Abusive Working and Living Conditions 恶劣的工作与生活条件
Subjecting workers to dangerous, unhealthy or inhumane working and living conditions 使工人处于危险、不健康或不人道的工作与生活环境中
Excessive Overtime 过度加班
Requiring workers to work excessive hours or days beyond national legal limits or collective agreements 要求工人工作时间或天数超出国家法定上限或集体协议规定
Indicator Explanation
Abuse of Vulnerability Exploiting workers' vulnerable situations, such as their lack of education, financial hardship or legal status
Deception Lying or misleading workers about the terms of their employment, wages or working conditions
Restriction of Movement Preventing workers from leaving their workplace or the area where they live or work
Isolation Separating workers from their families, friends or other support networks
Physical and Sexual Violence Using or threatening physical or sexual violence against workers
Intimidation and Threats Using threats or intimidation to coerce workers into staying in a forced labor situation
Retention of Identity Documents Taking away or controlling workers' identity documents, such as passports or visas, to prevent them from leaving
Withholding of Wages Not paying workers their wages or other promised benefits
Debt Bondage Using debt as a means to trap workers in a forced labor situation
Abusive Working and Living Conditions Subjecting workers to dangerous, unhealthy or inhumane working and living conditions
Excessive Overtime Requiring workers to work excessive hours or days beyond national legal limits or collective agreements| Indicator | Explanation |
| :--- | :--- |
| Abuse of Vulnerability | Exploiting workers' vulnerable situations, such as their lack of education, financial hardship or legal status |
| Deception | Lying or misleading workers about the terms of their employment, wages or working conditions |
| Restriction of Movement | Preventing workers from leaving their workplace or the area where they live or work |
| Isolation | Separating workers from their families, friends or other support networks |
| Physical and Sexual Violence | Using or threatening physical or sexual violence against workers |
| Intimidation and Threats | Using threats or intimidation to coerce workers into staying in a forced labor situation |
| Retention of Identity Documents | Taking away or controlling workers' identity documents, such as passports or visas, to prevent them from leaving |
| Withholding of Wages | Not paying workers their wages or other promised benefits |
| Debt Bondage | Using debt as a means to trap workers in a forced labor situation |
| Abusive Working and Living Conditions | Subjecting workers to dangerous, unhealthy or inhumane working and living conditions |
| Excessive Overtime | Requiring workers to work excessive hours or days beyond national legal limits or collective agreements |
Report of Independent Accountants 独立会计师报告
We have reviewed the accompanying management assertion of Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions metrics and the criteria for the year ended December 31, 2024 in management’s assertion, are presented in accordance with the assessment criteria set forth in management’s assertion. Tesla’s management is responsible for its assertion and for the selection of the criteria, which management believes provide an objective basis for measuring and reporting on the GHG emissions metrics. Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on management’s assertion based on our review. 我们已审核特斯拉公司（Tesla）随附的管理层声明，确认截至 2024 年 12 月 31 日年度温室气体（GHG）排放指标及管理层声明中所述标准，均按照该声明所载评估标准进行列报。特斯拉管理层对其声明及标准选择负责，管理层认为所选标准为衡量和报告温室气体排放指标提供了客观依据。我们的责任是基于审核工作对管理层声明发表结论。
Our review was conducted in accordance with attestation standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) in AT-C section 105, Concepts Common to All Attestation Engagements, and AT-C section 210, Review Engagements. Those standards require that we plan and perform the review to obtain limited assurance about whether any material modifications should be made to management’s assertion in order for it to be fairly stated. The procedures performed in a review vary in nature and timing from, and are substantially less in extent than, an examination, the objective of which is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether management’s assertion is fairly stated, in all material respects, in order to express an opinion. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion. Because of the limited nature of the engagement, the level of assurance obtained in a review is substantially lower than the assurance that would have been obtained had an examination been performed. We believe that the review evidence obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a reasonable basis for our conclusion. 我们的审核工作遵循美国注册会计师协会（AICPA）制定的鉴证准则执行，具体包括 AT-C 第 105 节《所有鉴证业务通用概念》和 AT-C 第 210 节《审核业务》。这些准则要求我们通过规划并执行审核程序，获取有限保证以确定管理层声明是否需要进行重大修改才能公允反映事实。审核程序在性质和执行时点上不同于检查程序，且工作范围远小于旨在获取合理保证的检查程序——后者的目标是就管理层声明在所有重大方面是否公允表述发表意见。因此，我们并未发表此类意见。鉴于本业务的有限性特征，通过审核程序获取的保证水平显著低于检查程序可能达到的保证程度。我们认为所获取的审核证据充分且适当，能够为我们的结论提供合理基础。
We are required to be independent and to meet our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with relevant ethical requirements related to the engagement. 我们需保持独立性，并遵循与业务相关的职业道德要求，履行其他伦理责任。
The firm applies the Statements on Quality Control Standards established by the AICPA. 本事务所采用美国注册会计师协会（AICPA）制定的质量控制准则声明。
The procedures we performed were based on our professional judgment. In performing our review, we performed inquiries, performed tests of mathematical accuracy of computations on a sample basis, read relevant policies to understand terms related to relevant information about the GHG emissions metrics, reviewed supporting documentation in regard to the completeness and accuracy of the data in the GHG emissions metrics on a sample basis, and performed analytical procedures. 我们执行的程序基于专业判断。在审阅过程中，我们进行了问询、抽样测试计算数据的数学准确性、阅读相关政策以理解温室气体排放指标的相关信息条款、抽样审查支持性文件以验证温室气体排放指标数据的完整性和准确性，并执行了分析性程序。
GHG emissions quantification is subject to significant inherent measurement uncertainty because of such things as GHG emissions factors that are used in mathematical models to calculate GHG emissions, and the inability of these models, due to incomplete scientific knowledge and other factors, to accurately measure under all circumstances the relationship between various inputs and the resultant GHG emissions. Environmental and energy use data used in GHG emissions calculations are subject to inherent limitations, given the nature and the methods used for measuring such data. The selection by management of different but acceptable measurement techniques could have resulted in materially different amounts or metrics being reported. 温室气体排放量化存在显著的固有测量不确定性，这主要源于以下因素：用于计算排放的数学模型所采用的温室气体排放系数本身具有不确定性；由于科学认知不完善及其他限制，这些模型无法在所有情况下精确测算各类输入参数与最终排放量之间的关联关系。用于温室气体核算的环境与能源使用数据受限于测量方法的本质特性，存在固有局限性。管理层若采用不同但均属合理的测量技术，可能导致最终报告的数据或指标出现重大差异。
As discussed in management’s assertion, Tesla has estimated GHG emissions for certain emissions sources for which no primary usage data is available. 根据管理层声明所述，特斯拉已对部分缺乏原始使用数据的排放源进行了温室气体排放量估算。
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to Tesla’s management assertion in order for it to be fairly stated. 根据我们的审查，我们未发现需要对特斯拉管理层声明做出任何重大修改，以使其表述公允。
Priceraterhonse Coopers LLP 普华永道会计师事务所
San Jose, California 加利福尼亚州圣何塞
June 5, 2025 2025 年 6 月 5 日
With respect to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions metrics for the year ended December 31, 2024 presented in table 2 below, which are also included in this Tesla Impact Report 2024 as identified by the “*” symbol, management of Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) asserts that the GHG emissions metrics are presented in accordance with the assessment criteria set forth below. 关于下表 2 中列示的截至 2024 年 12 月 31 日的温室气体（GHG）排放指标（在本《2024 特斯拉影响力报告》中以"*"符号标识的部分），特斯拉公司（Tesla）管理层声明，这些温室气体排放指标是根据下文所述评估标准进行披露的。
Management is responsible for the selection of the criteria, which management believes provide an objective basis for measuring and reporting on the GHG emissions metrics, and for the completeness, accuracy, and validity of the GHG emissions metrics. Tesla’s GHG emissions are rounded up to the nearest thousand. 管理层负责选择评估标准，并认为这些标准为温室气体排放指标的计量和报告提供了客观依据，同时负责确保温室气体排放指标的完整性、准确性和有效性。特斯拉的温室气体排放数据按四舍五入原则精确至千位。
Organizational Boundary 组织边界
Tesla uses the operational control approach to account for and report its global Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions. This includes sites engaged in manufacturing; sales, service, and delivery; and other activities described below. Data Centers (leased locations that house Tesla computer systems and associated components), Superchargers (electric vehicle fast charging stations), and malls (leased retail storefront within shopping malls for Tesla products) are not included in our boundary as Tesla determined they do not have operational control over emissions from these sites. Data for new or acquired sites are included once the site has been operating for at least a year at the beginning of the reporting period. Conversely, sites that closed or ceased operations during the reporting period are not included in Tesla’s organizational boundary. 特斯拉采用运营控制法来核算和报告其全球范围 1 和范围 2 的温室气体排放。这包括从事制造、销售、服务和交付的场所以及下文描述的其他活动。数据中心（租赁用于安置特斯拉计算机系统及相关组件的场所）、超级充电站（电动汽车快速充电站）和商场门店（购物中心内租赁的特斯拉产品零售店面）未被纳入核算边界，因为特斯拉认定对这些场所的排放不具备运营控制权。新增或收购的场所需在报告期开始时已运营至少一年才纳入数据统计。相反，在报告期内关闭或停止运营的场所则不被纳入特斯拉的组织边界。
- Manufacture Tesla products, including vehicles, Superchargers, solar tiles, and energy storage products.
- Support manufacturing through the design and manufacture of equipment and tools used at manufacturing sites or by storing manufacturing materials, parts, or finished products.
- Manufacture Tesla products, including vehicles, Superchargers, solar tiles, and energy storage products.
- Support manufacturing through the design and manufacture of equipment and tools used at manufacturing sites or by storing manufacturing materials, parts, or finished products.| - Manufacture Tesla products, including vehicles, Superchargers, solar tiles, and energy storage products. |
| :--- |
| - Support manufacturing through the design and manufacture of equipment and tools used at manufacturing sites or by storing manufacturing materials, parts, or finished products. |
Sales, Service, and Delivery (SSD) 销售、服务和交付（SSD）
- Sell products, provide vehicle service, store parts for vehicle service, and deliver vehicles. - 销售产品，提供车辆维修服务，存储车辆维修所需零部件，并完成车辆交付。
Other 其他
- Conduct research & development, administration, energy product warehousing and deployment, and other mixed-use warehousing. - 开展研发、行政管理、能源产品仓储与部署，以及其他混合用途仓储活动。
Site Type Site Activities
Manufacturing "- Manufacture Tesla products, including vehicles, Superchargers, solar tiles, and energy storage products.
- Support manufacturing through the design and manufacture of equipment and tools used at manufacturing sites or by storing manufacturing materials, parts, or finished products."
Sales, Service, and Delivery (SSD) - Sell products, provide vehicle service, store parts for vehicle service, and deliver vehicles.
Other - Conduct research & development, administration, energy product warehousing and deployment, and other mixed-use warehousing.| Site Type | Site Activities |
| :--- | :--- |
| Manufacturing | - Manufacture Tesla products, including vehicles, Superchargers, solar tiles, and energy storage products. <br> - Support manufacturing through the design and manufacture of equipment and tools used at manufacturing sites or by storing manufacturing materials, parts, or finished products. |
| Sales, Service, and Delivery (SSD) | - Sell products, provide vehicle service, store parts for vehicle service, and deliver vehicles. |
| Other | - Conduct research & development, administration, energy product warehousing and deployment, and other mixed-use warehousing. |
Table 2: Metrics - GHG Emissions 表 2：指标 - 温室气体排放量
GHG Emissions and Assessment Criteria ^(1,2,3){ }^{1,2,3} 温室气体排放量及评估标准 ^(1,2,3){ }^{1,2,3}
Direct GHG emissions occurring from stationary combustion, mobile combustion, refrigerant losses, and process emissions. 来自固定燃烧、移动燃烧、制冷剂泄漏及工艺排放的直接温室气体排放。
Indirect GHG emissions from the generation of electricity and district heating purchased by Tesla for site operations. 特斯拉为场地运营购买的电力和区域供热所产生的间接温室气体排放。
GHG Emissions and Assessment Criteria ^(1,2,3) Quantity
Scope 1 GHG Emissions ^(4) 302,000 Metric Tons CO_(2)e
Direct GHG emissions occurring from stationary combustion, mobile combustion, refrigerant losses, and process emissions.
Scope 2 GHG Emissions (location-based) ^(5) 754,000 Metric Tons CO2e
Indirect GHG emissions from the generation of electricity and district heating purchased by Tesla for site operations. | GHG Emissions and Assessment Criteria ${ }^{1,2,3}$ | Quantity |
| :--- | :--- |
| Scope 1 GHG Emissions ${ }^{4}$ | 302,000 Metric Tons $\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e}$ |
| Direct GHG emissions occurring from stationary combustion, mobile combustion, refrigerant losses, and process emissions. | |
| Scope 2 GHG Emissions (location-based) ${ }^{5}$ | 754,000 Metric Tons CO2e |
| Indirect GHG emissions from the generation of electricity and district heating purchased by Tesla for site operations. | |
Tesla considers the principles and guidance of the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s (WBCSD) Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative’s A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, Revised Edition, and GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance, An Amendment to the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (together the “GHG Protocol”) to guide the criteria to assess, calculate and report GHG emissions. 特斯拉采用世界资源研究所(WRI)和世界可持续发展工商理事会(WBCSD)共同制定的《温室气体核算体系：企业核算与报告标准(修订版)》及《温室气体核算体系范围 2 指南：对企业核算标准的修订》(合称"GHG 核算体系")的原则与指南，作为评估、计算和报告温室气体排放的标准依据。
GHG emissions quantification is subject to significant inherent measurement uncertainty because of such things as GHG emissions factors that are used in mathematical models to calculate GHG emissions, and the inability of these models, due to incomplete scientific knowledge and other factors, to accurately measure under all circumstances the relationship between various inputs and the resultant GHG emissions. Environmental and energy use data used in GHG emissions calculations are subject to inherent limitations, given the nature and the methods used for measuring such data. The selection by management of different but acceptable measurement techniques could have resulted in materially different amounts or metrics being reported. 温室气体排放量化存在显著的固有测量不确定性，这主要源于以下因素：用于计算排放的数学模型所采用的温室气体排放系数本身具有不确定性；由于科学认知不完善及其他限制，这些模型无法在所有情况下精确测算各类输入参数与最终排放量之间的关联关系。用于温室气体核算的环境与能源使用数据受限于测量方法的本质特性，存在固有局限性。管理层若采用不同但均属合理的测量技术，可能导致最终报告的数据或指标出现重大差异。
Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO_(2)e)\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e}\right) emissions are inclusive of carbon dioxide ( CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} ), nitrous oxide ( N_(2)O\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O} ), methane ( CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} ), and industrial gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are not emitted by Tesla’s sites. Emissions data by individual gas is not disclosed as a majority of CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} in Table 1 relates to CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2}. These carbon dioxide equivalent emissions utilize Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5 - 100 year), unless a different Assessment Report is already embedded in the emission factor source. Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions are calculated by multiplying actual or estimated energy and fuel usage, refrigerant gas loss or process emissions by the relevant emission factor and GWP. All emission factors are updated annually where applicable. 二氧化碳当量 (CO_(2)e)\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e}\right) 排放包括二氧化碳( CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} )、一氧化二氮( N_(2)O\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O} )、甲烷( CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} )以及氢氟碳化物(HFCs)和六氟化硫(SF6)等工业气体。特斯拉厂区不排放全氟化碳(PFCs)和三氟化氮(NF3)。由于表 1 中大部分 CO_(2)e\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} 与 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 相关，因此未按单一气体披露排放数据。这些二氧化碳当量排放采用政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第五次评估报告(AR5-100 年)定义的全球变暖潜能值(GWP)计算，除非排放因子来源中已采用不同评估报告数据。二氧化碳当量排放通过将实际或估算的能源燃料消耗量、制冷剂气体逸散量或工艺排放量乘以相应排放因子及 GWP 值得出。所有排放因子均每年更新适用版本。
Combustion from stationary equipment and machinery. 来自固定设备和机械的燃烧。
Global natural gas usage data was collected from monthly utility invoices obtained from third-party providers. 全球天然气使用数据是从第三方供应商提供的月度公用事业发票中收集的。
If usage data was not available, Tesla estimated the natural gas usage by determining an annual natural gas usage rate per square foot based on actual 2024 monthly natural gas usage data for sites in a similar geographic location and type of site. This rate was then multiplied by the square footage of the site building space. 如果使用数据不可用，特斯拉会根据 2024 年实际月度天然气使用数据，针对类似地理位置和场地类型的站点，确定每平方英尺的年天然气使用率来估算天然气用量。然后将该比率乘以场地建筑空间的平方英尺面积。
Emission factors: United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2024. 排放因子：美国环境保护署(EPA)《2024 年温室气体清单排放因子》。
Stationary and mobile combustion (propane, diesel, and gasoline): Combustion from emergency and portable generators, powered industrial vehicles (e.g., forklifts), temporary space heaters, and other portable equipment (e.g., landscaping equipment). 固定和移动燃烧（丙烷、柴油和汽油）：来自应急和便携式发电机、工业动力车辆（如叉车）、临时空间加热器及其他便携设备（如园林设备）的燃烧。
Propane, diesel, and gasoline usage data was collected from invoices and fuel reports obtained from third-party providers. 丙烷、柴油和汽油使用数据通过第三方供应商提供的发票和燃料报告收集。
Emission factors: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2024. 排放因子：美国环境保护署(EPA)《2024 年温室气体清单排放因子》。
Emissions from refrigerant loss to the atmosphere: 制冷剂泄漏至大气的排放量：
Fugitive emissions from refrigeration, air conditioning, or similar equipment resulting from leakage and service over the operational life of the equipment. 来自制冷、空调或类似设备在使用寿命期间因泄漏和维护产生的逸散性排放。
Loss data was collected from invoices and vendor reports for refrigerant refills purchased and/or installed. 泄漏数据通过采购和/或安装制冷剂补充的发票及供应商报告收集。
Emission factors from refrigerant loss: 制冷剂泄漏的排放系数：
U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2024. 美国环保署 2024 年温室气体清单排放因子
United Kingdom (UK): UK database published by the Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 2024. 英国(UK)：英国环境食品和农村事务部(DEFRA)2024 年发布的数据库
Fleet mobile combustion (diesel and gasoline): 车队移动燃烧(柴油和汽油)
Combustion from the operation of Tesla’s on-road and nonroad vehicles. 特斯拉上路和非道路车辆运行产生的燃烧排放。
Diesel and gasoline usage (volume) was collected from fuel cards issued by Tesla’s fleet management partner. Vehicle miles driven by Tesla on-road vehicles was collected from odometer readings and real time telemetrics on each vehicle. 柴油和汽油使用量（体积）数据来自特斯拉车队管理合作伙伴发放的加油卡。特斯拉上路车辆的行驶里程通过里程表读数和每辆车的实时远程监测数据收集。
Tesla classified vehicles by type: diesel medium and heavyduty vehicles, gasoline passenger cars, gasoline light-duty trucks, gasoline heavy-duty vehicles, and non-road industrial/ commercial equipment. Temporary light duty fleet additions for operational use were categorized as ‘other’, for which only CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} emissions are calculated, because Tesla does not have detailed information on what type of vehicles were rented and miles driven. 特斯拉将车辆按类型分类：柴油中型和重型车辆、汽油乘用车、汽油轻型卡车、汽油重型车辆以及非道路工业/商业设备。运营用途临时增加的轻型车队被归类为"其他"，仅计算 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 排放量，因为特斯拉没有关于租赁车辆类型和行驶里程的详细信息。
CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} emissions were calculated by multiplying the relevant emission factor by the volume of diesel and gasoline used by Tesla’s on-road and non-road vehicles. CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 排放量通过将相关排放因子乘以特斯拉上路和非道路车辆的柴油及汽油使用量计算得出。
CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} and N_(2)O\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O} emissions were calculated by multiplying the relevant emission factor (depending on vehicle type and age) by the miles driven by Tesla’s on-road vehicles, and by the volume of diesel and gasoline used by Tesla’s non-road vehicles. CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} 和 N_(2)O\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O} 排放量是通过将相关排放因子（取决于车辆类型和使用年限）乘以特斯拉道路车辆行驶里程，以及特斯拉非道路车辆消耗的柴油和汽油体积计算得出。
Emission factors: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2024. 排放因子来源：美国环保署 2024 年温室气体清单排放因子
Process emissions: 工艺排放：
Lithium-ion battery cell recycling 锂离子电池回收
Emissions from processing manufacturing scrap lithium-ion cells at the Gigafactory Nevada cell recycling site. 在内华达超级工厂电池回收站点处理制造废料锂离子电池产生的排放。
The concentration of CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} and CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} in emissions (emission rates) were measured during two emissions source tests GHG emissions were calculated by multiplying the quantity of manufacturing scrap processed, as recorded by the recycling plant operations team, by the CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} and CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} emission rates developed based on the emissions source tests. 排放源测试期间测量了排放中 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 和 CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} 的浓度（排放率）。温室气体排放量的计算方式为：将回收工厂运营团队记录的加工废料数量，乘以基于排放源测试得出的 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 和 CH_(4)\mathrm{CH}_{4} 排放率。
Emission of CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} resulting from cleaning plastic parts with liquid CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} : 使用液体 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 清洁塑料部件产生的 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 排放量： CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} emissions were assumed to equal the mass of liquid CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} used in the cleaning process as measured by liquid CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} sensors on the tank. 假设 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 排放量等于清洁过程中使用的液体 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 质量，该质量由储罐上的液体 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 传感器测量得出。
Combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted to thermal oxidizers at manufacturing sites: 制造工厂排放至热氧化处理设备的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）燃烧处理
The quantity of VOCs emitted to thermal oxidizers were estimated by calculating the potential to emit or by a continuous emissions monitoring system 排放至热氧化器的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)数量通过计算潜在排放量或采用连续排放监测系统进行估算
The CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} equivalent emissions were calculated using the number of carbon atoms in the VOCs, the molecular weight and the mass of the VOC exhausted to the thermal oxidizers and multiplied by the destruction efficiency of the thermal oxidizer. 等效排放量 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} 是通过计算 VOCs 中的碳原子数、分子量及排放至热氧化器的 VOCs 质量，再乘以热氧化器的破坏效率得出的
Estimated emissions from the sources above account for approximately 2.3%2.3 \% of Scope 1 GHG emissions. 上述来源的预估排放量约占范围 1 温室气体排放总量的 2.3%2.3 \%
Excluded Scope 1 GHG emissions: Tesla excluded the following sources of GHG emissions, which are estimated to represent less than 1 percent of Tesla’s reported Scope 1 GHG emissions: 排除的范围 1 温室气体排放：特斯拉排除了以下温室气体排放源，这些排放源估计不到特斯拉报告的范围 1 温室气体排放总量的 1%：
GHG emissions from emergency stabilization of damaged and potentially damaged lithium-ion cells. 受损及潜在受损锂离子电池应急稳定处理过程中产生的温室气体排放。
GHG emissions resulting from the chemical reaction of twopart polyurethane foam adhesives. 双组分聚氨酯泡沫粘合剂化学反应产生的温室气体排放。
GHG emissions resulting from oxy-acetylene welding used to maintain sites and equipment. 用于场地和设备维护的氧乙炔焊接产生的温室气体排放。
Related to Scope 2 GHG emissions (location-based): 与范围 2 温室气体排放（基于地理位置）相关：
GHG emissions from the generation of electricity purchased by Tesla for site operations. For sites that include Superchargers, Tesla did not include electricity procured for customer use through the Supercharger stations as those emissions are included in Scope 3, 特斯拉为场地运营购买电力所产生的温室气体排放。对于包含超级充电站的场地，特斯拉未将通过超级充电站为客户使用而采购的电力纳入统计，因为这些排放已包含在范围 3，
Category 11 Use of Sold Products. For purchased electricity relative to Data Centers, those emissions are included in Scope 3, Category 8 Upstream Leased Assets. 第 11 类售出产品使用中。对于数据中心相关采购电力，其排放包含在范围 3 第 8 类上游租赁资产中。
Global electricity usage data was collected from monthly utility invoices obtained from third-party providers. 全球电力使用数据来自第三方供应商提供的月度公用事业账单。
If monthly usage data was not available: 如果无法获取月度使用数据：
For sites with less than 12 months of usage data, Tesla estimated the electricity usage by extrapolating the average consumption for the available months in the reporting period. 对于使用数据不足 12 个月的站点，特斯拉通过推算报告期内可用月份的平均消耗量来估算电力使用量。
Tesla estimated the electricity usage by determining an annual electricity usage rate per area based on 2024 monthly electricity usage data for sites in a similar geographic location and type of site. This rate was then multiplied by the area of the site building space. 特斯拉通过基于 2024 年同地理区域及同类站点的月度用电数据，确定单位面积的年用电率，再乘以站点建筑空间的面积来估算电力使用量。
If cost data was available without the associated usage, Tesla used local unit costs to calculate usage. 如果只有成本数据而无相关用量数据，特斯拉会采用当地单位成本来计算用量。
District Heating usage data was collected from invoices obtained from third-party providers. If usage data was not available, Tesla estimated the usage by extrapolating the average consumption for the available months. If no data was reported, usage was based on sites in a similar geographic location and type of site. 区域供暖用量数据来自第三方供应商提供的发票。若无用量数据，特斯拉会根据已有月份的平均消耗量进行推算估算。若完全无数据报告，则参考地理位置和场地类型相似的站点数据来确定用量。
The WRI and WBCSD issued additional guidance for Scope 2 emissions in 2015 (in GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance, An Amendment to the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard), which sets forth reporting under both location-based and market-based methodologies, where the prior version of the GHG Protocol only addressed a location-based methodology. The location-based method applies average emission factors that correspond to the grid where the consumption occurs, whereas the market-based method applies emission factors that correspond to energy purchased through contractual instruments. Where contractual instruments were not purchased, the market-based emission factors represent either the residual mix, where available, or the location grid-average factors. This management assertion only includes Tesla’s location-based Scope 2 GHG emissions as Tesla is continuing to implement more comprehensive processes to measure and report its market-based Scope 2 GHG emissions. 世界资源研究所(WRI)和世界可持续发展工商理事会(WBCSD)于 2015 年发布了关于范围二排放的补充指南（《温室气体核算体系范围二指南：对企业标准的修订》），该指南要求同时采用基于地理位置和基于市场两种方法进行报告，而旧版温室气体协议仅涉及基于地理位置的方法。基于地理位置的方法采用与消费所在地电网对应的平均排放因子，而基于市场的方法则采用与通过合同工具购买的能源相对应的排放因子。若未购买合同工具，基于市场的排放因子则采用剩余电力组合（如可获得）或当地电网平均因子。本管理层声明仅包含特斯拉基于地理位置的范围二温室气体排放，因特斯拉正在实施更全面的流程来测量和报告其基于市场的范围二温室气体排放。
Management Assertion 管理层声明
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions 范围 1 和范围 2 温室气体排放
(i) GHG Emissions Disclosure (i) 温室气体排放披露
Electricity: 电力：
Canada: Environment Canada. 2024 National inventory report: 加拿大：加拿大环境部。《2024 年国家清单报告》：
greenhouse gas sources and sinks in Canada 加拿大温室气体源与汇
U.S.: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas 美国：美国环保署温室气体排放系数
Inventories 2024. 2024 年库存清单
Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and 上海：上海市生态环境局
Environment 2022. 环境 2022
China: China Regional Power Grids 2022. 中国：2022 年中国区域电网排放因子。
All other countries: International Energy Agency (IEA) Emissions Factors 2023. 其他国家：国际能源署(IEA) 2023 年排放因子。
District Heating: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2024. 区域供热：美国环保署 2024 年温室气体清单排放因子。
Estimated emissions from the source above account for 上述来源的排放量估算包含
approximately 13.3%13.3 \% of Scope 2 GHG emissions. 约 13.3%13.3 \% 的 Scope 2 温室气体排放量
Feedback on this report 对本报告的反馈
Tesla aspires to do the right thing, and we are constantly looking for ways to do better. If you have suggestions about how our company can improve, send your feedback to ImpactReport@Tesla.com. 特斯拉始终致力于做正确的事，并不断寻求改进之道。如果您对我们公司有任何改进建议，请将反馈发送至 ImpactReport@Tesla.com。
*This analysis was calculated assuming 19gCO_(2)e//mi,500K19 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi}, 500 \mathrm{~K} lifetime miles and Texas grid EF for GPU emissions. *本分析计算基于假设 19gCO_(2)e//mi,500K19 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{e} / \mathrm{mi}, 500 \mathrm{~K} 终身行驶里程及德州电网 EF 值作为 GPU 排放基准。
Unsafe following (tailgating) 危险跟车（追尾）行为
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