The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn't an either/ or proposition(命题), although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM ( science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.
我们的政府应该在高等教育中促进科学技术还是文科的问题不是一个非此即彼的命题（命题），尽管目前强调让美国年轻人为 STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学）相关领域做好准备，这似乎是这样的。

The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities (人文学科) and social sciences must remain central components of America's educational system at all levels. Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind overtime provides.
最新的国会报告承认技术培训的极端重要性，但也断言，人文学科和社会科学的研究必须继续成为美国各级教育体系的核心组成部分。这两个领域对于培养能够有效参与我们的民主社会、成为创新领导者并从对人类伟大思想的反思所提供的精神充实中受益的公民都至关重要。

Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about
在高等教育上投入巨资的家长和学生担心 graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and
毕业生的就业前景随着技术进步和国内的变化而变化 global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under
全球市场以降低工资和裁员的方式改变职业。下 these circumstances, it's natural to look for what may appear to be the most
在这些情况下，寻找可能看起来最“practical” way out of the problem:“Major in a subject designed to get you a job”
“实用”的出路：“主修一门旨在让你找到工作的学科” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many
对某些人来说似乎是显而易见的答案，尽管这忽略了许多 disciplines in the humanities characterized as“soft” often, in fact, lead to employment
事实上，人文学科中被描述为“软”的学科往往会带来就业 and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have
以及从长远来看的成功。事实上，根据调查，雇主已经 expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education
表示偏爱接受过基础广泛的教育的学生 that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and
这教会了他们写得好、批判性思考、创造性地研究，以及 communicate easily.
轻松沟通。

Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and5th jobs, as there's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight— picked up from science, arts, and technology— to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
此外，学生不仅应该为他们的第一份工作做好准备，还应该为他们的第 4 份和第 5 份工作做好准备，因为几乎没有理由怀疑今天进入劳动力市场的人在他们的职业生涯中将被要求扮演许多不同的角色。在这种新环境中表现最好的人将是那些接受教育后让他们变得灵活的人。能够利用一切可用的工具和见解——从科学、艺术和技术中汲取的——来解决未来的问题，并利用出现的机会，将对他们和美国有所帮助。

Almost 150 years after photovoltaic(光电的) cells and wind turbines(涡轮机) were invented, they still generate only 7% of the world's electricity. Yet something remarkable is happening. From being secondary to the energy system just over a decade ago, they are now growing faster than any other energy source and their falling costs are making them competitive with fossil fuels. BP, an oil firm, expects renewables to account for half of the growth in global energy supply over the next 20 years. It is no longer far-fetched to think that the world is entering an era of clean, unlimited and cheap power.
在光伏（光电的）电池和风力涡轮机（涡轮机）发明近 150 年后，它们仍然只产生世界 7% 的电力。然而，一些非凡的事情正在发生。十多年前，它们还处于能源系统的次要地位，现在的增长速度超过任何其他能源，而且成本的下降使它们与化石燃料竞争。石油公司 BP 预计，未来 20 年，可再生能源将占全球能源供应增长的一半。认为世界正在进入一个清洁、无限和廉价电力的时代，这不再是牵强附会。

There is a problem, though. To get from here to there requires huge amounts of
不过，有一个问题。要从这里到那里需要大量的 investment over the next few decades. Normally investors like putting their money
未来几十年的投资。通常投资者喜欢把他们的钱 into electricity because it offers reliable returns. Yet green energy has a dirty secret.
进入电力领域，因为它提供可靠的回报。然而，绿色能源有一个肮脏的秘密。 The more it is used, the more it lowers the price of power from any source. That
使用得越多，任何来源的电力价格就越低。那 makes it hard to manage the transition to a carbon-free future, during which many
使得向无碳未来的过渡变得困难，在此期间，许多 generating technologies, clean and dirty, need to remain profitable if the lights are to
如果 Light 要实现 stay on. Unless the market is fixed, subsidies to the industry will only grow.
继续前进。除非市场是固定的，否则对该行业的补贴只会增加。 Policymakers are already seeing this inconvenient truth as a reason to put the
政策制定者已经将这个令人不安的事实视为将 brakes on renewable energy. In parts of Europe, investment in renewables is
阻止可再生能源。在欧洲部分地区，对可再生能源的投资是 slowing as subsidies are cut back. However, the solution is not less wind and solar. It
随着补贴的削减而放缓。然而，解决方案并不少是风能和太阳能。它 is to rethink how the world prices clean energy in order to make better use of it.
是重新思考世界如何为清洁能源定价，以便更好地利用它。 At its heart, the problem is that government-supported renewable energy has been
从本质上讲，问题在于政府支持的可再生能源一直 imposed on a market designed in a different era. For much of the 20th century,
强加于一个在不同时代设计的市场。在 20 世纪的大部分时间里， electricity was made and moved by vertically integrated, state-controlled monopolies.
电力是由垂直整合的、国家控制的垄断企业生产和运输的。 From the 1980s onwards, many of these were broken up, privatized and liberalized,
从 1980 年代开始，其中许多被解体、私有化和自由化， so that market forces could determine where best to invest. Today only about 6% of
这样市场力量就可以决定在哪里投资最好。今天，只有大约 6% 的 electricity users get their power from monopolies. Yet everywhere the pressure to
电力用户从垄断企业那里获得电力。然而，到处都面临着 decarbonize power supply has brought the state creeping back into markets. This is
电力供应脱碳使该州逐渐重返市场。这是 disruptive for three reasons. The first is the subsidy system itself. The other two are
造成破坏的原因有三。首先是补贴制度本身。其他两个是 inherent to the nature of wind and solar: their intermittency and their very low running
风能和太阳能的本质是固有的：它们的间歇性和非常低的运行时间 costs. All three help explain why power prices are low and public subsidies are
成本。这三个因素都有助于解释为什么电价低而公共补贴低 addictive.
上瘾。

Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training— this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organisers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island.
大多数孩子在成长过程中学会了他们不能在墙上画画。但也许是时候忘掉这种训练了——今年夏天，一群文化迷、艺术家和社区组织者正在邀请纽约人在总督岛一栋老房子的墙壁上写字。

The project is called Writing On It All, and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since2013.
该项目名为 Writing On It All，这是一个参与式写作项目和艺术实验，自 2013 年以来每年夏天都会在总督岛举行。

“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for otherreasons,ortheyjustkindofhappentobethere,”AlexandraChasin,artistic directorofWritingOnItAlltellsSmithsonian.com.
“大多数参与者都是只是路过或出于其他原因在岛上的人，或者他们只是碰巧在那里，”WritingOnItAlltellsSmithsonian.com 艺术总监 AlexandraChasin。

The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile.
2016 年演出季将持续到 6 月 26 日，从舞者到家政工人，每个人都会举办活动。每节课都有一个主题，参与者会获得各种材料和提示，并要求他们用自己的想法和艺术覆盖表面。今年，这些项目包括将房子变成合作论文的项目，以及探索流放意义的项目。

Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as“New York's shared space for art and play,” the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these“legal graffiti(涂鸦)” Sessions.
总督岛 （Governor's Island） 是国家历史地标区，长期以来一直用于军事目的。该岛位于纽约湾的曼哈顿和布鲁克林之间，现在被称为“纽约的艺术和游戏共享空间”，不对汽车通行，但对夏季游客开放，他们蜂拥而至参加节日、野餐、冒险以及这些“合法涂鸦（涂鸦）”会议。

The notes and art scribbled (涂画) on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.
墙上的笔记和涂画是自我表达的实验。 到目前为止，参与者的年龄从 2 岁到 85 岁不等。尽管 Chasin 说这项工作的重点是写作活动，而不是最终写下的文本，但会议中的一些工作让她印象深刻。

“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls,” says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it. “People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages.”
“最让我感动的会议之一是针对黑人妇女和黑人女孩的国家暴力，”查辛说，并解释说，在一个房间里，人们写下了因此而被杀害的人的名字。“人们做着漂亮的工作，留下了美丽的信息。”

Urbanization— migration away from the suburbs to the city center— will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.
根据一份新报告，城市化——从郊区迁移到市中心——将成为 2015 年最大的房地产趋势。

The report says America's urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.
该报告称，美国的城市化仍将是影响该行业的最重要问题，因为全国各地的城市都在模仿步行和以公共交通为导向的发展，这使得纽约和旧金山等城市如此成功。

As smaller cities copy the model of these“24-hour cities”, more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the“18-hour city,” and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are“positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural facilities”.
随着小城市复制这些“24 小时城市”的模式，这些地方将创建更实惠的版本。该报告将此称为“18 小时城市”的到来，并使用该术语来指代休斯顿、奥斯汀、夏洛特和纳什维尔等城市，这些城市“在宜居性、就业产品以及娱乐和文化设施方面将自己定位为极具竞争力”。

Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America's largest population group, Millennials (千禧一代), will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.
2015 年另一个明显的趋势是，美国最大的人口群体千禧一代将继续推迟买房。公寓将在一段时间内保持对千禧一代的吸引力，他们被拥有房屋的父母的遭遇所困扰。

This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents' footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the city center.
报告预测，这一趋势将持续到 2020 年代。在那之后，调查受访者对于这一代人是会追随父母的脚步，搬到郊区养家糊口，还是会选择留在市中心存在分歧。

Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America's failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.
影响来年房地产的另一个问题是美国基础设施的失败。大多数道路、桥梁、交通、供水系统、电网和通信网络都是在 50 到 100 年前安装的，它们在很大程度上被认为是理所当然的，直到它们失效。

The report's writers state that America's failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.
该报告的作者指出，美国未能投资于基础设施不仅影响了房地产市场的健康状况，还影响了我们保持全球竞争力的能力。

Apart from the specific trends highlighted above , which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism bo me by the recent healthy real- estate“upcycle” and improving economy. 74% of the respondents surveyed report a “good to excellent” expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real-estate“bubble” The report's writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet.
除了上面强调的让一些投资者担心的具体趋势外，该报告还描绘了最近健康的房地产“上升周期”和不断改善的经济的整体乐观情绪。74% 的受访者表示对 2015 年房地产盈利能力的预期为“从好到卓越”。虽然过度乐观会促进不良的投资模式，导致房地产“泡沫”，但该报告的作者淡化了这一潜在结果，因为它还没有。

In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter's end. So it's no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.
春天，鸡又开始产蛋，在冬天结束时带来了受欢迎的蛋白质来源。因此，世界各地的文化都通过纪念鸡蛋来庆祝春天也就不足为奇了。

Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered“eggs” that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.
有些传统很简单，比如希腊复活节面包中烤的红蛋。其他人将鸡蛋提升为一种花哨的艺术，例如从 19 世纪开始受到俄罗斯人青睐的镶满宝石的“蛋”。

One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too.
一种古老的鸡蛋艺术形式来自乌克兰。几个世纪以来，乌克兰人一直在鸡蛋上绘制复杂的图案。当代艺术家遵循这一传统，创作出表达我们这个时代焦虑的彩蛋：生命是珍贵而精致的。鸡蛋也是。

“There's something about their delicate nature that appeals to me,” says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very mode m characters. “I' ve broken eggs at every stage of the process— from the very beginning to the very, very end.”
“他们细腻的本性有一些东西吸引了我，”《纽约客》漫画家 Roz Chast 说。几年前，她对鸡蛋产生了兴趣，并学会了乌克兰的传统技术来绘制她的 mode m 字符。“我在这个过程的每个阶段都打碎了鸡蛋——从最开始到非常非常结束。”

But there's an appeal in that vulnerability. “There's part of this sickening horror of knowing you' re walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second,” Chast's designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.
但这种脆弱性也有吸引力。“知道你带着这个走在边缘，这种令人作呕的恐惧有一部分，我有点喜欢，知道它随时都可能分崩离析，”Chast 的设计，比如一个忧心忡忡的男人独自坐在一艘小划艇上，反映了这种微妙。

Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elaborate patterns were believed to offer protection against evil.
传统的乌克兰装饰蛋也表达了这些恐惧。人们认为这些精心制作的图案可以抵御邪恶。

“There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world,” says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.
“有一个古老的传说，只要这些鸡蛋被制作出来，邪恶就不会在世界上得逞，”加拿大鸡蛋画家琼·布兰德 （Joan Brander） 说，她从乌克兰亲戚那里学到了这门艺术，已经画鸡蛋 60 多年了。

The tradition, dating back to 300 B. C., was later incorporated into the Christian church. The old symbols, however, still endure. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest.
这一传统可以追溯到公元前 300 年，后来被纳入基督教会。然而，旧的符号仍然存在。送给一对年轻夫妇的装饰蛋，上面有一只鸟，是给孩子的愿望。将装饰好的鸡蛋扔进田里，将是对丰收的祝愿。

Many of us associate loneliness with old age, assuming that the older we get the more likely we are to be lonely. However, a new study used a nationally representative sample of over 16,000 people to examine loneliness throughout the human lifespan and found many of our assumptions are wrong.
我们中的许多人将孤独与年老联系起来，认为我们年纪越大，我们就越有可能感到孤独。然而，一项新的研究使用了超过 16,000 人的全国代表性样本来研究整个人类生命周期中的孤独感，发现我们的许多假设都是错误的。

Loneliness is defined by the discrepancy (矛盾, 相差) between our desired and actual social bonds. Therefore, whether a person is lonely is entirely subjective.
孤独是由我们期望的和实际的社会纽带之间的差异（矛盾、相差）来定义的。所以，一个人是否孤独完全是主观的。

What makes loneliness such a critical issue is that it is associated with significant threats to our mental health, our physical health, and even our life expectancy. Studying loneliness over the lifespan sheds light on the dangers of loneliness among groups who tend to minimize both its prevalence and its impact. Indeed, previous studies have found that because we tend to associate loneliness with old age, young and middle-aged adults often underestimate feelings of loneliness when directly asked about it in research studies.
孤独之所以如此重要，是因为它与对我们的心理健康、身体健康甚至预期寿命的重大威胁有关。 研究整个生命周期中的孤独感，可以揭示那些倾向于将孤独感的普遍性和影响最小化的群体的危险。事实上，以前的研究发现，由于我们倾向于将孤独与老年联系起来，因此在研究中直接询问孤独感时，年轻人和中年人往往低估了孤独感。

In the new study, the researchers endeavored to get a more valid and accurate assessment by avoiding words such as lonely and loneliness. Instead, participants were asked how often they missed the company of other people or how often they felt left out.
在这项新研究中，研究人员努力通过避免使用诸如 lonely 和 loneliness 之类的词来获得更有效和准确的评估。相反，参与者被问及他们多久想念一次别人的陪伴，或者他们感到被冷落的频率。

The results of the study were both surprising and fascinating. Loneliness did not increase over the lifespan in linear fashion. Rather, loneliness peaked during a different period entirely— young adulthood! Adults under 30 reported significantly higher levels of loneliness than almost any other age group. Loneliness declined throughout middle age and even into early old age; it approached the levels reported by young adults only among the oldest— people over the age of 80.
研究结果既令人惊讶又令人着迷。孤独感在生命周期中并没有以线性方式增加。相反，孤独在完全不同的时期达到顶峰——青年时期！30 岁以下的成年人报告的孤独感明显高于几乎任何其他年龄组。孤独感在整个中年甚至老年早期都有所下降;它接近只有最年长的年轻人——80 岁以上的人——报告的水平。

Overturning another loneliness myth, the study found that loneliness in people over80 was primarily due to factors such as the absence of a spouse or partner and the individual's functional limitations. Old age in itself, the researchers concluded, is not a risk factor for loneliness.
该研究推翻了另一个孤独神话，发现 80 岁以上的人的孤独主要是由于配偶或伴侣的缺席以及个人的功能限制等因素造成的。研究人员得出结论，老年本身并不是孤独的危险因素。

"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco,” economist Adam Smith once wrote, “are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation.”
经济学家亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）曾经写道：“糖、酒精和烟草是非生活必需品的商品，它们几乎已成为普遍消费的对象，因此，它们是极受欢迎的税收对象。

Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strains on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.
两个半世纪过去了，大多数国家都对酒精和烟草征收某种税。随着肥胖水平的飙升给公共卫生系统带来越来越大的压力，世界各国政府也开始考虑对糖征税。

Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico’ s taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.
这种税收是否有效是一个有争议的问题。对墨西哥税收的初步审查发现，征税饮料的购买量下降，而免税和更健康的饮料的销售量增加。相比之下，丹麦对高脂肪食品征收的税在推出一年后就被取消了，因为据称消费者通过越境到德国来满足他们对更便宜、更脂肪食物的渴望，从而避免了这项税。

The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.
总的来说，食品行业一直坚决反对这种政府的直接行动。尽管如此，对腰围的重新关注意味着行业团体面临着证明其产品既健康又美味的压力。

Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.
在过去的三十年里，该行业做出了一些努力来提高其产品的质量。例如，一些饮料制造商已经减少了饮料中的糖含量。

Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.
过去 30 年中的许多减排是通过减少产品中的糖、盐或脂肪含量，或者通过寻找替代成分来实现的。然而，最近，一些公司一直在将资金投资于一项更雄心勃勃的任务：学习如何调整他们销售的食品的基本构成。例如，外面有盐，但里面没有盐，可以在不改变味道的情况下降低盐含量。

While reformulating recipes(配方) is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches— including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes— will be needed. There is no silver bullet.
虽然重新制定配方是改善公共卫生的一种方式，但它应该是多边方法的一部分。关键是要记住，解决方案不止一种。为了应对肥胖，需要多种方法——包括重新配制、征税和调整份量。没有灵丹妙药。

Video games have a bad reputation among many parents and teachers, who worry too much screen time is bad for children. There's no doubt that some kids go overboard and face troubling health risks. But a body of research suggests that playing digital games can have psychological and even physical benefits. And new offerings from game makers like Leapfrog, National Geographic and Galxyz may further assuage parents and teachers' fears.
电子游戏在许多家长和老师中名声不佳，他们担心过多的屏幕时间对孩子不利。毫无疑问，有些孩子会过火并面临令人不安的健康风险。但大量研究表明，玩数字游戏可以带来心理甚至身体上的好处。 Leapfrog、National Geographic 和 Galxyz 等游戏制造商提供的新产品可能会进一步缓解家长和老师的恐惧。

“There is a developing notion of good screen time versus bad screen time,” said Osman Rashid, founder of Galxyz. “Good screen time” can include using games that make players strategize, analyze and think quickly, while bad screen time generally involves doing something more passive, like watching a video.
“一个好的屏幕时间与坏的屏幕时间有一个不断发展的概念，”Galxyz 的创始人奥斯曼·拉希德 （Osman Rashid） 说。“好的屏幕时间”可以包括使用让玩家快速制定策略、分析和思考的游戏，而糟糕的屏幕时间通常涉及做一些更被动的事情，比如看视频。

Rashid, who has two daughters, was disappointed there weren't more games both entertaining and challenging. “Most learning games had shoddy graphics, poorly developed interfaces and fake gaming,” he said. So he set out to create one that would teach players about science— and actually appeal to kids. Galxyz games help kids learn a variety of disciplines, from physical and life science to Earth and space science, and the company recently partnered with the New York Academy of Sciences to help deliver a new educational product.
拉希德有两个女儿，他对没有更多既有趣又具有挑战性的游戏感到失望。“大多数学习游戏都有劣质的图形、开发不佳的界面和虚假游戏，”他说。因此，他着手创建一个可以教玩家科学知识并真正吸引孩子的游戏。Galxyz 游戏帮助孩子们学习各种学科，从物理和生命科学到地球和太空科学，该公司最近与纽约科学院合作，帮助提供一种新的教育产品。

Kids can play these games at home, or the programs can be incorporated into a teacher's syllabus. Fifty-five percent of educators surveyed said their students played games in their classrooms at least once a week. Rashid noted he appreciates seeing teachers realizing educational games won't necessarily replace them and that certain programs can actually enhance lesson plans.
孩子们可以在家中玩这些游戏，或者可以将这些程序纳入教师的教学大纲。55% 的受访教育工作者表示，他们的学生每周至少在教室里玩游戏一次。拉希德指出，他很高兴看到教师意识到教育游戏不一定会取代它们，而且某些程序实际上可以增强课程计划。

But since educational gaming is a relatively new concept, scientists still lack a solid understanding of how educational screen time affects children and learning outcomes. There's little data on the long-term effects of using educational games.
但由于教育游戏是一个相对较新的概念，科学家们仍然缺乏对教育屏幕时间如何影响儿童和学习成果的深刻理解。关于使用教育游戏的长期影响的数据很少。

However, finding new ways to engage students is generally beneficial. If you' re going to stand up in front of a class and give a lecture for 40 minutes, you' re going to be like a stand-up comedian who dies on stage. Teachers need to use new technology to amuse, entertain and educate their students.
然而，寻找新的方式来吸引学生通常是有益的。如果你要在课堂前站起来讲课 40 分钟，你会像一个死在舞台上的单口喜剧演员。教师需要使用新技术来娱乐、娱乐和教育他们的学生。

Over 60 million persons in the United States own a credit card. For these millions of
美国有超过 6000 万人拥有信用卡。对于这数百万 Americans a credit card brings freedom to them. It has had effect of increasing
美国人：信用卡给他们带来自由。它产生了增加的效果 consumption possibilities for households by allowing them to purchase thousands of
通过允许家庭购买数千种 dollars of merchandise, ranging from autos, clothing, to electrical appliances. The
美元的商品，从汽车、服装到电器。这 widespread use of credit cards nowadays shocks the imagination to the point where
如今信用卡的广泛使用令人震惊，以至于 one wonders whether the total amount of consumption spending each year would be
人们想知道每年的消费支出总额是否会是 the same if this
如果这个plastic money
塑料钞票were not around. Credit cards have also been of
不在身边。信用卡也已 significant importance to the national economy. Businessmen have been encouraged
对国民经济具有重大意义。商人受到了鼓励 to expand plant and equipment and hire additional personnel to meet the heavy
扩建厂房和设备，并雇佣更多人员，以满足繁重的 demand for their products. The tendency of employment and income would rise
对他们产品的需求。就业和收入的趋势将上升 significantly.
显著。

Unfortunately, the ease with which buyers can increase their purchase with credit
不幸的是，买家可以通过信用增加购买量 cards has caused them to overlook the additional costs. Purchases on credit cards
卡导致他们忽视了额外的成本。使用信用卡购物 are postponed payments. Buy-now-pay-later encourages buyers to use credit cards
是推迟付款。先买后付鼓励买家使用信用卡 extensively. Since the buyer is in effect borrowing money for a special purpose, he
广阔地。由于买方实际上是出于特殊目的借款，因此他 must expect to pay an interest charge. Interest is the price of using money over a
必须期望支付利息费用。利息是使用资金超过 long period of time. A close analysis of the use of credit cards for heavy purchases
时间长。对使用信用卡进行大量消费的仔细分析 will show that the buyer has added to the cost of making these purchases. It must
将显示买家已增加进行这些购买的费用。它必须 also be kept in mind that unpaid monthly balance means added interest charges.
另请记住，未付的每月余额意味着额外的利息费用。 Furthermore, the use of credit cards will add to the cost of the product since the
此外，使用信用卡会增加产品成本，因为 shopkeeper does not receive the money at the time of the purchases. Shopkeepers
Shopkeeper 在购买时没有收到钱。店主 might add on the cost of handing credit to the bill. One of the arguments against the
可能会增加将信用存入账单的成本。反对 use of credit cards has been that those who do pay cash at the time of purchase
使用信用卡的人在购买时支付现金 finance the use of a credit card by another person. This is so, the argument runs,
为他人使用信用卡提供资金。事实是这样的，论点是这样的： because the price of a product will include the cost of another person's use of a
因为产品的价格将包括其他人使用 credit card.
信用卡。