《麦田里的守望者》研究在中国 The Catcher in the Rye is a study in China
抽象
摘要: 本文在全面披集、整理相关研究成果的基础上、从四个方面一一作品价值意义的多元追索、作品主题的持续争议、主人公霍尔顿形象的不同阐释和其他角度研究，对我国20年来有关《麦田里的守望者》研究进行了回顾总结、剖析了其中存在的一些问题,预测了未来研究的走向。
Abstract: On the basis of a comprehensive collection and collation of relevant research results, this paper reviews and summarizes the research on "The Catcher in the Rye" in China in the past 20 years, analyzes some of the existing problems, and predicts the trend of future research from four aspects: the multiple recourse of the value and meaning of the work, the continuous controversy of the theme of the work, the different interpretations of the protagonist Holden, and other perspectives.
关键词: «麦田里的守望者》: 塞林格;霍尔顿;研究: 中国
Keywords: «The catcher in the Rye): Salinger; Holden; Research: China
Keywords: «The catcher in the Rye): Salinger; Holden; Research: China
中图分类号:1109.85 CLC Number: 1109.85
文献标识码： A Document Identifier: A
文章编号: 1001-8204(2004)05-0158-04
Article Number: 1001-8204(2004)05-0158-04
Article Number: 1001-8204(2004)05-0158-04
在 20世纪美国当代文学中.《麦田里的穴望者从以下简称 ( 麦: (被公认为文学史上的一大奇迹: 作品一经出版即成为头号畅销书. 至今仍一版再版。问世的最初几个月.评论文章就不下两百篇, 此后关于这部小说的评论之多竟被戏称为一种“工业”。在我国, 倰汙 20 世纪 60 年代作为批判材料由施咸荣先生译为中文, 内部流通。1983年,施咸荣先生的译本由漓江出版社公开出版发行。在经历了一段时间的沉默之后,1988年,虞建华《重演的一幕:悬崖上的人生扶择》《上海师范大学学报:1988 年第 1 期)、尹德祥、论(麦田里的守望者`主人公霍尔顿・考尔菲德》《外国文学评论》1988 年第2 期)和汪海如的《一个叛逆者一一牺牲者的命运)(《南京师大学报) 1988 年第 1 期)相继发表, 表明它开始引起评论界的注意。1992 年以后, 该书先后由浙江文艺出版社、译林出版社等再版。译林出版社、新疆大学出版社等还出版了该书的英汉对照本。随着刊行量扩大, 从 1994 年起.该书在国内各类学术期刊、报刊上的评论、介绍开始增多。仅2001年一年,公开发表的专论文章即达 10 篇之多, 且之后无衰落迹象。追寻、麦, 在我国 20 年来的研究轨迹、从时段上明显地可以划分为两个阶段: 1993 年之前的译介、初步研究阶段和 1994 年之后研究逐渐深人、蓬勃发展阶段。梳理《麦在中国介绍、研究的发展脉络、几乎可以见证我国 20 年来美国文学研究的发展轨迹, 即由 811 年代的译介为主,到 90 年代以来、势头愈益明显的美国文学研究热的勃兴。具体到《麦田里的守望者)研究、笔者共收集到 60 余篇文章, 其中评论者立场不同,方法各异.见仁见智, 各有道理;传统与现代, 探索与创新, 经验阅读与理性思考,错综交织。本文试图以研究者常见的几个研究切入点为题.对这些研究成果进行大致归拢和梳理, 希望能为后来的研究者提供些许资料意义上的参照和帮助。
In 20th-century American Contemporary Literature. The Caveman in the Rye from the Wheat ( Mai: (Recognized as one of the greatest miracles in the history of literature: the work became the number one bestseller upon its publication. It is still being reprinted to this day. The first few months of its existence. There were no less than 200 reviews, and the number of reviews about the novel has since been dubbed a kind of "industry." In China, in the 60s of the 20th century, it was translated into Chinese by Mr. Shi Xianrong as a critical material, and circulated internally. In 1983, Mr. Shi Xianrong's translation was published by Lijiang Publishing House. After a period of silence, in 1988, Yu Jianhua's "A Scene Repeated: Life on the Cliff" (Journal of Shanghai Normal University: No. 1, 1988), Yin Dexiang and Lun (The Catcher in the Rye's Protagonist Holden Caulfield, Foreign Literature Review, No. 2, 1988), and Wang Hairu's A Rebel and the Fate of the Victims One by One (Nanjing Normal University Newspaper, No. 1, 1988) were published one after another, indicating that it began to attract the attention of critics. After 1992, the book was reprinted by Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House and Yilin Publishing House. Yilin Publishing House and Xinjiang University Press have also published English-Chinese versions of the book. With the expansion of the publication, from 1994 onwards. The number of reviews and introductions of the book in various academic journals and newspapers in China began to increase. In 2001 alone, 10 monographs were published, and there is no sign of decline since. The research trajectory in China over the past 20 years can be clearly divided into two stages: the translation before 1993, the preliminary research stage, and the research after 1994. A review of the development of Mai's introduction and research in China can almost witness the development trajectory of American literary studies in China in the past 20 years, that is, from the translation and introduction in the 811s to the flourishing of American literary studies that have become more and more obvious since the 90s. Specifically, the author has collected more than 60 articles in the research of "The Catcher in the Rye", in which the commentators have different positions and different methods. Opinions and wisdom, each with its own reason; Tradition and modernity, exploration and innovation, experiential reading and rational thinking, are intricately intertwined. This paper attempts to focus on several common research entry points of researchers. These research results are summarized and sorted out, hoping to provide some reference and help for future researchers.
In 20th-century American Contemporary Literature. The Caveman in the Rye from the Wheat ( Mai: (Recognized as one of the greatest miracles in the history of literature: the work became the number one bestseller upon its publication. It is still being reprinted to this day. The first few months of its existence. There were no less than 200 reviews, and the number of reviews about the novel has since been dubbed a kind of "industry." In China, in the 60s of the 20th century, it was translated into Chinese by Mr. Shi Xianrong as a critical material, and circulated internally. In 1983, Mr. Shi Xianrong's translation was published by Lijiang Publishing House. After a period of silence, in 1988, Yu Jianhua's "A Scene Repeated: Life on the Cliff" (Journal of Shanghai Normal University: No. 1, 1988), Yin Dexiang and Lun (The Catcher in the Rye's Protagonist Holden Caulfield, Foreign Literature Review, No. 2, 1988), and Wang Hairu's A Rebel and the Fate of the Victims One by One (Nanjing Normal University Newspaper, No. 1, 1988) were published one after another, indicating that it began to attract the attention of critics. After 1992, the book was reprinted by Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House and Yilin Publishing House. Yilin Publishing House and Xinjiang University Press have also published English-Chinese versions of the book. With the expansion of the publication, from 1994 onwards. The number of reviews and introductions of the book in various academic journals and newspapers in China began to increase. In 2001 alone, 10 monographs were published, and there is no sign of decline since. The research trajectory in China over the past 20 years can be clearly divided into two stages: the translation before 1993, the preliminary research stage, and the research after 1994. A review of the development of Mai's introduction and research in China can almost witness the development trajectory of American literary studies in China in the past 20 years, that is, from the translation and introduction in the 811s to the flourishing of American literary studies that have become more and more obvious since the 90s. Specifically, the author has collected more than 60 articles in the research of "The Catcher in the Rye", in which the commentators have different positions and different methods. Opinions and wisdom, each with its own reason; Tradition and modernity, exploration and innovation, experiential reading and rational thinking, are intricately intertwined. This paper attempts to focus on several common research entry points of researchers. These research results are summarized and sorted out, hoping to provide some reference and help for future researchers.
一、对作品价值、意义的多元追索 1. Multiple recourse to the value and meaning of the work
"麦, 吸引评论界的原因之一, 是一代代青少年读者对它长久保持的阅读兴趣及长感不衰的市场销量。15万字左右的内容含量・塞林格至今只有这么一部成功之作。成名之后,作者就像:麦, 中的霍尔顿在极度孤独时所设想的那样.在新罕布什尔州买了一大片土地, 隐居起来。其后虽有几个短篇小说问世, 但影响不大, 塞林格对此也只字不提, 从而使传统的作家作品研究很难从容进行。因此, 从最初的译介, 到最新的研究, 其持续探讨的热点之一就是剖析它深受读者欢迎的原因,对这部小说进行总体上的价值、意义分析。这方面大致有以下几种观点:
"Mai, one of the reasons that attracts critics is the long-term interest in reading and the long-lasting market sales of generations of young readers. With a content content of about 150,000 words, Salinger has only one successful work so far. After becoming famous, the author is like Mai, as Holden envisions when he is extremely lonely. I bought a large piece of land in New Hampshire and lived in seclusion. Although several short stories were published afterwards, they had little impact, and Salinger did not mention them, making it difficult for traditional studies of the author's work to be carried out calmly. Therefore, from the initial translation to the latest research, one of the hot topics of the continuous discussion is to analyze the reasons for its popularity with readers, and to analyze the value and significance of the novel in general. In this regard, there are generally the following views:
"Mai, one of the reasons that attracts critics is the long-term interest in reading and the long-lasting market sales of generations of young readers. With a content content of about 150,000 words, Salinger has only one successful work so far. After becoming famous, the author is like Mai, as Holden envisions when he is extremely lonely. I bought a large piece of land in New Hampshire and lived in seclusion. Although several short stories were published afterwards, they had little impact, and Salinger did not mention them, making it difficult for traditional studies of the author's work to be carried out calmly. Therefore, from the initial translation to the latest research, one of the hot topics of the continuous discussion is to analyze the reasons for its popularity with readers, and to analyze the value and significance of the novel in general. In this regard, there are generally the following views:
最早的“跨掉一代”的代表作。较早提出这一观点的是施咸荣先生 1982 年发表的《美国当代文学简史》《当代外国文学》1982 年第 4 期)。在 1983 年版的译后记.尤其是 1993 年为浙江文艺出版社再版时书写的附录里1，他详尽分析了这部小说的各个方面。他指出霍尔顿的性格矛盾.其性格中"明显的存在主义特征”及雷尔顿作为“当代美国文学中最早出现的反英雄形象之一”, 还有对作品艺术特征的分析,以及施先生以《美国年轻一代的无声抗议》为题所做的国外相关评论摘要,均被当作权威观点和权威资料,并被后来的研究者高频率引用。在笔者收集到的论文中,有相当一部分是以施先生的评论作为立论支点的, 或与施先生的研究相关。总体上,他认为“塞林格和他笔下的人物霍尔顿,实际上也是跨掉分子.只是跨得还不像后来的 “跨掉分子'及 “嬉皮上” 那么厉害, 还不到吸毒、群居的程度, 而且内心深处还在追求理想,憧憬美好的未来”。国内的许多教材也都不同程度地接受了施先生的观点。
The earliest masterpiece of "Crossing a Generation". The first to put forward this view was Mr. Shi Xianrong's "A Brief History of Contemporary American Literature" published in 1982, Contemporary Foreign Literature, No. 4, 1982). Postscript to the 1983 edition. In particular, in Appendix 1, written in 1993 for the reprint of the Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House, he analyzed various aspects of the novel in detail. He points out Holden's contradictory personality. The "obvious existential characteristics" of his character, Relton's role as "one of the earliest anti-heroes in contemporary American literature", as well as the analysis of the artistic characteristics of his works, as well as the summary of relevant foreign reviews made by Mr. Shi on the title of "The Silent Protest of the Young Generation in America", have all been regarded as authoritative views and authoritative materials, and have been frequently cited by later researchers. A considerable number of the papers I have collected are based on Mr. Shi's comments or related to Mr. Shi's research. Overall, he argues that "Salinger and his character, Holden, are actually stepping over the molecule. It's just that it's not as powerful as the later "stepping off molecules" and "hippies", not to the level of drug addiction and social living, and deep down in their hearts they are still pursuing ideals and looking forward to a better future." Many textbooks in China have also accepted Mr. Shi's views to varying degrees.
The earliest masterpiece of "Crossing a Generation". The first to put forward this view was Mr. Shi Xianrong's "A Brief History of Contemporary American Literature" published in 1982, Contemporary Foreign Literature, No. 4, 1982). Postscript to the 1983 edition. In particular, in Appendix 1, written in 1993 for the reprint of the Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House, he analyzed various aspects of the novel in detail. He points out Holden's contradictory personality. The "obvious existential characteristics" of his character, Relton's role as "one of the earliest anti-heroes in contemporary American literature", as well as the analysis of the artistic characteristics of his works, as well as the summary of relevant foreign reviews made by Mr. Shi on the title of "The Silent Protest of the Young Generation in America", have all been regarded as authoritative views and authoritative materials, and have been frequently cited by later researchers. A considerable number of the papers I have collected are based on Mr. Shi's comments or related to Mr. Shi's research. Overall, he argues that "Salinger and his character, Holden, are actually stepping over the molecule. It's just that it's not as powerful as the later "stepping off molecules" and "hippies", not to the level of drug addiction and social living, and deep down in their hearts they are still pursuing ideals and looking forward to a better future." Many textbooks in China have also accepted Mr. Shi's views to varying degrees.
一部批判美国社会的现实主义作品。持这一观点的文章一般采用传统的社会历史分析法,认为这部作品批判了美国社会的虚伪、阷落与冷酷。这部分论文数量较多,至于批判的重心则各有不同,如张介明的《“反抗”与“回归”: 解读(麦田里的守望者) 》(《名作欣赏 )2002 年第 3 期) 、李征戎的《逃魀与反叛》(《外国文学研究》1997 年第 3 期),朱晶的《(麦田里的守望者》: 反叛迁腐与虚伪的“现代经典”》(《吉林大学社会科学、学报》2002 年第 4 期), 左㕍的《一代无声的抗议一种遥远的呼唤》(《语文学刊》2001年第 3 期) 等。
A work of realism that criticizes American society. Essays that hold this view generally adopt the traditional socio-historical analysis and believe that the work is a critique of the hypocrisy, depravity, and callousness of American society. There are a large number of essays in this part, but the focus of criticism is different, such as Zhang Jieming's "Resistance" and "Return": Interpretation (The Catcher in the Rye) ("Masterpiece Appreciation", No. 3, 2002), Li Zhengrong's "Escape and Rebellion" (Foreign Literature Studies, No. 3, 1997), Zhu Jing's "(The Catcher in the Rye": The "Modern Classic" of Rebellion, Corruption and Hypocrisy" (Journal of Social Sciences and Journal, Jilin University, No. 4, 2002), Zuo Yu's A generation of silent protests, a distant call" (Journal of Philology, No. 3, 2001), etc.
A work of realism that criticizes American society. Essays that hold this view generally adopt the traditional socio-historical analysis and believe that the work is a critique of the hypocrisy, depravity, and callousness of American society. There are a large number of essays in this part, but the focus of criticism is different, such as Zhang Jieming's "Resistance" and "Return": Interpretation (The Catcher in the Rye) ("Masterpiece Appreciation", No. 3, 2002), Li Zhengrong's "Escape and Rebellion" (Foreign Literature Studies, No. 3, 1997), Zhu Jing's "(The Catcher in the Rye": The "Modern Classic" of Rebellion, Corruption and Hypocrisy" (Journal of Social Sciences and Journal, Jilin University, No. 4, 2002), Zuo Yu's A generation of silent protests, a distant call" (Journal of Philology, No. 3, 2001), etc.
一部再现美国 50 年代青年精神状况的心理杰作。这方面论文数量最多,一般采用社会历史一心理分析方法.内容 涉及面较广。在分析主人公的心理世界时,则各有侧重。如虞建华认为, “《麦》获得超越文学范畴的成功, 原因之一是小说迎合了50 年代青年处于“寻找出路”和“没有出路”困境之中的矛盾心理”、“愚有失望、孤独、恐惧和厌世综合症的小说主人公霍尔顿是战后美国青年精神状态的集中化、典型化、具体化的艺术再现”。张智华在“一个“现代病”患者的抗争与失落)(《攀枝花大学学报)1998年第 6 期)中认为, 这部小说引起共鸣的原因,在于它反映了“美国战后“跨掉的一代”的内心世界”,因此.着重分析了霍尔顿“外在表现与潜在愿望的矛盾”、“孤独中渴求理解”、“厌恶中寻求美好”、“反叛中寻求生命意义”等矛盾心理。此外，有潘丽、张碧竹的《战后美国青少年的心理历程》《国际关系学院学报》1996 年第2 期)等也持类似观点。
A psychological masterpiece that reproduces the mental condition of youth in the United States in the 50s. The largest number of papers in this area are generally based on socio-historical and psychoanalytic methods. The content covers a wide range. When analyzing the psychological world of the protagonist, there is a different emphasis. For example, Yu Jianhua believes that "one of the reasons for the success of Mai beyond the scope of literature is that the novel caters to the ambivalence of the youth of the 50s who are in the dilemma of "finding a way out" and "having no way out", and "Holden, the protagonist of the novel with disappointment, loneliness, fear and misanthropy, is a centralized, typical, and concrete artistic representation of the mental state of American youth in the post-war period." Zhang Zhihua argues in "The Struggle and Loss of a "Modern Disease" Patient (Journal of Panzhihua University, No. 6, 1998) that the reason why this novel resonates is that it reflects the "inner world" of the generation that "crossed out of the post-war United States". This paper focuses on the analysis of Holden's ambivalence of "the contradiction between external manifestations and latent desires", "the desire for understanding in loneliness", "the search for beauty in disgust", and "the search for the meaning of life in rebellion". In addition, Pan Li and Zhang Bizhu, "The Psychological Process of American Adolescents in the Postwar Period", Journal of the Institute of International Relations, No. 2, 1996) also hold similar views.
A psychological masterpiece that reproduces the mental condition of youth in the United States in the 50s. The largest number of papers in this area are generally based on socio-historical and psychoanalytic methods. The content covers a wide range. When analyzing the psychological world of the protagonist, there is a different emphasis. For example, Yu Jianhua believes that "one of the reasons for the success of Mai beyond the scope of literature is that the novel caters to the ambivalence of the youth of the 50s who are in the dilemma of "finding a way out" and "having no way out", and "Holden, the protagonist of the novel with disappointment, loneliness, fear and misanthropy, is a centralized, typical, and concrete artistic representation of the mental state of American youth in the post-war period." Zhang Zhihua argues in "The Struggle and Loss of a "Modern Disease" Patient (Journal of Panzhihua University, No. 6, 1998) that the reason why this novel resonates is that it reflects the "inner world" of the generation that "crossed out of the post-war United States". This paper focuses on the analysis of Holden's ambivalence of "the contradiction between external manifestations and latent desires", "the desire for understanding in loneliness", "the search for beauty in disgust", and "the search for the meaning of life in rebellion". In addition, Pan Li and Zhang Bizhu, "The Psychological Process of American Adolescents in the Postwar Period", Journal of the Institute of International Relations, No. 2, 1996) also hold similar views.
一部揭示成长的烦恼和困境的小说。王虹在《成长的烦恼和困境乡(“江苏教育学院学报》2001 年第 4 期)通过对乔伊斯的《偶遇)和《麦田里的守望者》的比较.认为这两部作品对青少年人生经历的描述,表现了西方文学传统中共同的成长母题。两部作品分别代表了青少年在成长过程中“挣脱与回归”和“探索与失望”两种形态, 但在揭示人的成长困境这一点上.乔伊斯和塞林格殊途同归，不约而同地将自己的关怀指向对人的成长共性的揭示一- 成长的过程就是展示人生悖论的过程.就是呈现人生痛苦的过程。相近观点的有张颖的《美国少年“问题小说”初探》《《社会科学探索》1996 年第 2 期) 等。
A novel that reveals the pains and dilemmas of growing up. Wang Hong, in "Growing Pains and Dilemmas" (Journal of Jiangsu Institute of Education, No. 4, 2001), compares Joyce's "Chance Encounters" and "The Catcher in the Rye". It is believed that the descriptions of the life experiences of adolescents in these two works show the common theme of growth in the Western literary tradition. The two works represent the two forms of "breaking free and returning" and "exploring and disappointing" in the process of growing up, but in revealing the dilemma of human growth. Joyce and Salinger share the same goal, and they invariably point their concern to revealing the commonality of human growth: the process of growth is the process of showing the paradoxes of life. It is the process of presenting the pain of life. Similar views include Zhang Ying's "A Preliminary Study of American Juvenile "Problem Novels"", Social Science Exploration, No. 2, 1996) and so on.
A novel that reveals the pains and dilemmas of growing up. Wang Hong, in "Growing Pains and Dilemmas" (Journal of Jiangsu Institute of Education, No. 4, 2001), compares Joyce's "Chance Encounters" and "The Catcher in the Rye". It is believed that the descriptions of the life experiences of adolescents in these two works show the common theme of growth in the Western literary tradition. The two works represent the two forms of "breaking free and returning" and "exploring and disappointing" in the process of growing up, but in revealing the dilemma of human growth. Joyce and Salinger share the same goal, and they invariably point their concern to revealing the commonality of human growth: the process of growth is the process of showing the paradoxes of life. It is the process of presenting the pain of life. Similar views include Zhang Ying's "A Preliminary Study of American Juvenile "Problem Novels"", Social Science Exploration, No. 2, 1996) and so on.
后现代叙事文本的经典之作。谈起、魏燕在《后现代叙事文本的三大特征以《南京师大学报》2001年第 4 期)中, 通过语言形式、叙述视角、叙述方式等方面的分析，认为《麦”，用通俗化的语言消融了高雅文化与通俗文化的界限,“以语言的 “俗”消融了艺术的 “雅”. 表现了一个新的文化层面. 它充盈于现实世界中.抹去了艺术与生活的界限.削平了表层与深层的“深度模式””; “从独特的青少年视角来观察世界,打破了权力话语和传统的美学观念”; “非人格化叙述的“无言”掏置了真理和终极意义”。这部作品的魅力, 主要在于他反映了后现代社会中人们的审美情趣和艺术追求。塞林格的创作也极大地影响了 20 世纪下半期西方后现代文学创作的发展.是后现代叙事文本的经典之作。张群的《从塞林格、贝娄等作家的小说看现代主义向后现代主义的演变》(《西;
A classic of postmodern narrative texts. In "The Three Characteristics of Postmodern Narrative Texts in the Journal of Nanjing Normal University, No. 4, 2001", Wei Yan argues that Mai dissolves the boundary between high culture and popular culture with popular language, and "dissolves the elegance of art with the vulgarity of language". It shows a new cultural dimension. It's filled with the real world. Erases the boundaries between art and life. flattened the "depth mode" between the surface and the deep layer"; "Viewing the world from a unique adolescent perspective that breaks down the discourse of power and traditional aesthetics"; The "wordlessness" of impersonal narration "distracts truth and ultimate meaning." The charm of this work lies mainly in the fact that it reflects the aesthetic taste and artistic pursuit of people in the postmodern society. Salinger's work also greatly influenced the development of postmodern literary creation in the West in the second half of the 20th century. It is a classic of postmodern narrative texts. Zhang Qun's "The Evolution of Modernism to Postmodernism from the Novels of Salinger, Bellow and Other Writers" (West;
A classic of postmodern narrative texts. In "The Three Characteristics of Postmodern Narrative Texts in the Journal of Nanjing Normal University, No. 4, 2001", Wei Yan argues that Mai dissolves the boundary between high culture and popular culture with popular language, and "dissolves the elegance of art with the vulgarity of language". It shows a new cultural dimension. It's filled with the real world. Erases the boundaries between art and life. flattened the "depth mode" between the surface and the deep layer"; "Viewing the world from a unique adolescent perspective that breaks down the discourse of power and traditional aesthetics"; The "wordlessness" of impersonal narration "distracts truth and ultimate meaning." The charm of this work lies mainly in the fact that it reflects the aesthetic taste and artistic pursuit of people in the postmodern society. Salinger's work also greatly influenced the development of postmodern literary creation in the West in the second half of the 20th century. It is a classic of postmodern narrative texts. Zhang Qun's "The Evolution of Modernism to Postmodernism from the Novels of Salinger, Bellow and Other Writers" (West;
借用跨学科理论的研究。这部作品的巨大反响源于小说大量运用了人类学、神话学知识, 拨动了所有人的“集体无意识”。此观点主要由胡亚敏在《从人类学和神话学的角度看霍尔顿的成长》福建外语以1998 年第 4 期)一文中提出。该文仔细分析了故事发生的时间, 情节设置等要素, 认为: “首先,故事发生的时间很具有象征意义。…一个 16 岁的男孩在深冬的 12 月, 在一年最寒冷的季节里,想寻求真理、温情和爱, 暗合各民族神话中极为常见的寻找太阳的主题。”寻受过程中.霍尔顿逐渐成熟, 暗合各民族神话中常见的“漫长、艰辛、幻灭的“人会仪式”。”因此，“小说的主人公虽然生活在二战后的美国,但却保留了许多原始信仰、思维和习俗。由于所有人都具有一种不为自己感知的 “集体无意识”, 所以这本小说才引起了如此强烈的共鸣, 拨动了无数人潜意识中的心弦”。
Research borrowed from interdisciplinary theories. The great response of this work stems from the novel's extensive use of anthropological and mythological knowledge, which stirs up the "collective unconscious" of all people. This view was mainly put forward by Hu Yamin in the article "The Growth of Holden from the Perspective of Anthropology and Mythology" (Fujian Foreign Languages, No. 4, 1998). This paper carefully analyzes the time of the story, the plot setting and other factors, and argues: "First of all, the time when the story takes place is very symbolic. … A 16-year-old boy seeks truth, tenderness and love in the depths of winter in December, during the coldest season of the year, alluding to the theme of finding the sun, which is all too common in the myths of various peoples. "In the process of seeking and receiving. Holden gradually matured, alluding to the "long, arduous, and disillusionment" ritual of human assembly that is common in the myths of various peoples. Thus, "the protagonist of the novel, although living in post-World War II America, retains many of his original beliefs, thoughts, and customs." Because all people have a "collective unconscious" that they don't perceive for themselves, this novel resonates so strongly and tugs at the heartstrings of countless people's subconscious."
Research borrowed from interdisciplinary theories. The great response of this work stems from the novel's extensive use of anthropological and mythological knowledge, which stirs up the "collective unconscious" of all people. This view was mainly put forward by Hu Yamin in the article "The Growth of Holden from the Perspective of Anthropology and Mythology" (Fujian Foreign Languages, No. 4, 1998). This paper carefully analyzes the time of the story, the plot setting and other factors, and argues: "First of all, the time when the story takes place is very symbolic. … A 16-year-old boy seeks truth, tenderness and love in the depths of winter in December, during the coldest season of the year, alluding to the theme of finding the sun, which is all too common in the myths of various peoples. "In the process of seeking and receiving. Holden gradually matured, alluding to the "long, arduous, and disillusionment" ritual of human assembly that is common in the myths of various peoples. Thus, "the protagonist of the novel, although living in post-World War II America, retains many of his original beliefs, thoughts, and customs." Because all people have a "collective unconscious" that they don't perceive for themselves, this novel resonates so strongly and tugs at the heartstrings of countless people's subconscious."
表现 50 年代美国青少年对社会主流文化代码的解域与正确归域的缺失所形成的矛盾与冲突。主要由严志军在《唛田里的守望者》: 文化代码的解域与归域》(《外国文学研究》 1999 年第 2 期) 中提出。该文运用后结构主义 “解域” （deterritorialization）和“归域”（reterritorialization） 理论， 认为 “霍尔顿在空间上脱离潘西.意味着他决心从主流社会的文化代码中解域出来。他那倒戴的红色猎人帽有着极强的象征意味。代表了一个叛逆者的鲜明姿态”。纽约经历是“归域中的解域”.表明霍尔顿也“根本无法在“跨掉一代”的亚主流文化中找寻到归域”。“小说结尾部分.他并不是像传统的两分法模式那样砸碎一个中心去树立另一个中心, 而是在归域的基础上进一步解域,既不守制于传统的虚伪的社会准则, 又不放纵于颓废的生活, 他仍在寻求自己的最终归宿。”这一结尾“给读者留下的是无尽的猜想”。“霍尔顿的经历象征着 50 年代美国青少年对社会主流文化代码的解域与正确归域的缺失所形成的矛盾与冲突。”
It shows the contradictions and conflicts formed by the dissolution of the mainstream cultural code of the American youth in the 50s and the lack of correct return. It was mainly proposed by Yan Zhijun in "The Watchman in the Marking Field": The Unraveling and Returning of Cultural Codes" (Foreign Literature Studies, No. 2, 1999). Applying the post-structuralist theories of "deterritorialization" and "reterritorialization", this paper argues that "Holden spatially detaches from Pansy. It means that he is determined to break away from the cultural code of mainstream society. His upside-down red hunter hat is highly symbolic. represents a clear gesture of a rebel". The New York experience is a "dissolution within a homing", suggesting that Holden is also "simply unable to find a homing in the sub-culture that has crossed a generation". "The end of the novel. He does not smash one center to establish another center like the traditional dichotomy model, but further dissolves the domain on the basis of returning to the domain, neither abiding by the traditional hypocritical social norms, nor indulging in a decadent life, he is still seeking his ultimate destination. This ending "leaves the reader with endless conjectures." "Holden's experience is emblematic of the contradictions and conflicts between American teenagers in the 50s who dismantled the dominant cultural code of society and the lack of correct homing."
It shows the contradictions and conflicts formed by the dissolution of the mainstream cultural code of the American youth in the 50s and the lack of correct return. It was mainly proposed by Yan Zhijun in "The Watchman in the Marking Field": The Unraveling and Returning of Cultural Codes" (Foreign Literature Studies, No. 2, 1999). Applying the post-structuralist theories of "deterritorialization" and "reterritorialization", this paper argues that "Holden spatially detaches from Pansy. It means that he is determined to break away from the cultural code of mainstream society. His upside-down red hunter hat is highly symbolic. represents a clear gesture of a rebel". The New York experience is a "dissolution within a homing", suggesting that Holden is also "simply unable to find a homing in the sub-culture that has crossed a generation". "The end of the novel. He does not smash one center to establish another center like the traditional dichotomy model, but further dissolves the domain on the basis of returning to the domain, neither abiding by the traditional hypocritical social norms, nor indulging in a decadent life, he is still seeking his ultimate destination. This ending "leaves the reader with endless conjectures." "Holden's experience is emblematic of the contradictions and conflicts between American teenagers in the 50s who dismantled the dominant cultural code of society and the lack of correct homing."
二、对作品主题的持续争议 2. Ongoing controversy over the theme of the work
关于《麦》的主题是什么, 论者不同的解读视野.往往会得出不同的结论。主要的解读视阈有:
As to what is the theme of "Mai", commentators have different perspectives of interpretation. Differing conclusions are often reached. The main interpretation horizons are:
As to what is the theme of "Mai", commentators have different perspectives of interpretation. Differing conclusions are often reached. The main interpretation horizons are:
题旨解读。在追问谁是“麦田里的守望者”时. 通常认为 “守望者”指主人公霍尔顿。但杨秋荣在《谁是真正的“守望者”户(《北京教育学院学报》1999年第 1 期)中却认为应该做三重理解: 首先, 指成人世界,他们是放弃自己守望天职的 “守望者”。其次,指主人公霍尔顿,他代表自我想象的“守望者”角色。再次, “守望者”更深一层的含义指菲密,只有她才是真正的“守望者”。在霍尔顿出走西部的危险的“游戏”中,与成人世界的普遍自私和冷漠相反,倒是来自儿童世界的妹妹菲宓“以她写作侦探小说的非凡想像力及时设法劝阻霍尔顿悬崖勒马.使哥哥澼免了一场掉下悬崖的危险故事.顺利地通过青春期的一道 “坎””。因此, 是菲密而不是霍尔顿, 在这次出走“游戏”中实实在在地充当了一名“麦田里的守望者"。
Interpretation of the topic. When asked who the "catcher in the rye" is. It is generally believed that "The Catcher" refers to the protagonist Holden. However, Yang Qiurong believes that there should be three understandings in "Who is the Real "Watchman" Household (Journal of Beijing Institute of Education, No. 1, 1999): First, it refers to the adult world, and they are the "watchmen" who give up their duty to watch. Secondly, it refers to the protagonist Holden, who represents the self-imaginary "Watchman" character. Again, the deeper meaning of "watchman" refers to Philip, who alone is the true "watchman". In Holden's dangerous "game" of Exodus West, contrary to the general selfishness and indifference of the adult world, it is the younger sister Fei Mi from the children's world who "manages in time to dissuade Holden from the precipice with her extraordinary imagination in writing detective novels." Saved his brother from a dangerous story of falling off a cliff. Successfully pass the "hurdles" of adolescence". Thus, it was Phili, not Holden, who literally acted as a "catcher in the rye" in this exodus "game".
Interpretation of the topic. When asked who the "catcher in the rye" is. It is generally believed that "The Catcher" refers to the protagonist Holden. However, Yang Qiurong believes that there should be three understandings in "Who is the Real "Watchman" Household (Journal of Beijing Institute of Education, No. 1, 1999): First, it refers to the adult world, and they are the "watchmen" who give up their duty to watch. Secondly, it refers to the protagonist Holden, who represents the self-imaginary "Watchman" character. Again, the deeper meaning of "watchman" refers to Philip, who alone is the true "watchman". In Holden's dangerous "game" of Exodus West, contrary to the general selfishness and indifference of the adult world, it is the younger sister Fei Mi from the children's world who "manages in time to dissuade Holden from the precipice with her extraordinary imagination in writing detective novels." Saved his brother from a dangerous story of falling off a cliff. Successfully pass the "hurdles" of adolescence". Thus, it was Phili, not Holden, who literally acted as a "catcher in the rye" in this exodus "game".
展现青年一代的精神危机。涉及这一主题的文章相当多. 专论这一主题的是张欲晓的《悬崖边上的人生困惑》《沈阳师范大学学报
Showing the spiritual crisis of the younger generation. There are quite a few articles on this topic. The monograph on this topic is Zhang Yuxiao's "The Confusion of Life on the Edge of the Cliff", Journal of
Showing the spiritual crisis of the younger generation. There are quite a few articles on this topic. The monograph on this topic is Zhang Yuxiao's "The Confusion of Life on the Edge of the Cliff", Journal of
着眼于现代西方人的生存困境。“田佳的《生存的困惑与扶择》(《四川大学学报》1994 年第 2 期)认为, “这部小说的独持之处在于切人了现代西方人陷身于生存困境的重要主题,具有强烈的现实感, 同时在艺术描写方面, 以深刻、细䎉的心理剖析见长”。持相近观点的有蔡红梅、方军的《现代文明中个体存在的困惑及存在的方式探询》《黑龙江农晊师专学报 2001 年第4 期), 该文通过对塞林格创作的整体分析, 认为《麦》展现的是塞林格小说创作的一贯主题: “对现代文明中个体存在的关注以及对个体存在方式的探询”。另有刘伯香的《现代人生活困境的写照》《扬州教育学院学报》2002 年第 4 期) 等。此外, 周倩《(麦田里的守望者〉的异化主题》(《山东师大外国语学院学报》2001 年第 1 期) 探讨了存在于这部作品之中的异化主题, 王长才“爱与真的艰难探寻》《沦州师范专科学校学报》2001 年第 2 期) 认为这部作品的深层主题是爱与真的探寻。
Focusing on the existential dilemma of modern Westerners. Tian Jia's "The Confusion and Choice of Survival" (Journal of Sichuan University, No. 2, 1994) argues that "the uniqueness of this novel lies in the fact that it cuts into the important theme of the existential predicament of modern Westerners, has a strong sense of reality, and at the same time is known for its profound and detailed psychological analysis in terms of artistic description." Cai Hongmei and Fang Jun's "The Confusion of Individual Existence and the Exploration of the Way of Existence in Modern Civilization" (Journal of Heilongjiang Agricultural Teachers College, No. 4, 2001), through the overall analysis of Salinger's creation, believes that "Mai" shows the consistent theme of Salinger's novels: "the concern for the existence of individuals in modern civilization and the inquiry into the mode of existence of individuals". In addition, Liu Boxiang's "Portrayal of the Dilemma of Modern Life", Journal of Yangzhou Institute of Education, No. 4, 2002) and so on. In addition, Zhou Qian's "The Theme of Alienation in the Catcher in the Rye" (Journal of the College of Foreign Chinese Languages of Shandong Normal University, No. 1, 2001) explores the theme of alienation that exists in this work, and Wang Changcai's "Difficult Exploration of Love and Truth" (Journal of Rongzhou Normal College, No. 2, 2001) believes that the deep theme of this work is the search for love and truth.
Focusing on the existential dilemma of modern Westerners. Tian Jia's "The Confusion and Choice of Survival" (Journal of Sichuan University, No. 2, 1994) argues that "the uniqueness of this novel lies in the fact that it cuts into the important theme of the existential predicament of modern Westerners, has a strong sense of reality, and at the same time is known for its profound and detailed psychological analysis in terms of artistic description." Cai Hongmei and Fang Jun's "The Confusion of Individual Existence and the Exploration of the Way of Existence in Modern Civilization" (Journal of Heilongjiang Agricultural Teachers College, No. 4, 2001), through the overall analysis of Salinger's creation, believes that "Mai" shows the consistent theme of Salinger's novels: "the concern for the existence of individuals in modern civilization and the inquiry into the mode of existence of individuals". In addition, Liu Boxiang's "Portrayal of the Dilemma of Modern Life", Journal of Yangzhou Institute of Education, No. 4, 2002) and so on. In addition, Zhou Qian's "The Theme of Alienation in the Catcher in the Rye" (Journal of the College of Foreign Chinese Languages of Shandong Normal University, No. 1, 2001) explores the theme of alienation that exists in this work, and Wang Changcai's "Difficult Exploration of Love and Truth" (Journal of Rongzhou Normal College, No. 2, 2001) believes that the deep theme of this work is the search for love and truth.
三、对主人公霍尔顿形象的不同阐释 3. Different interpretations of the image of the protagonist Holden
作为作品惟一的主人公, 对霍尔顿形象的分析和把握,既关系这部作品的价值、意义, 又关系主题。因此,对霍尔顿
As the sole protagonist of the work, the analysis and grasp of Holden's image is not only related to the value and significance of the work, but also related to the theme. So, to Holden
形象的分析自然是争论的另一热点。主要有以下几种观点:
The analysis of images is naturally another hot topic of debate. There are mainly the following points of view:
As the sole protagonist of the work, the analysis and grasp of Holden's image is not only related to the value and significance of the work, but also related to the theme. So, to Holden
形象的分析自然是争论的另一热点。主要有以下几种观点:
The analysis of images is naturally another hot topic of debate. There are mainly the following points of view:
美国社会的叛逆者、反抗者形象。持这一观点文章有一定的数量。如张介明的《永恒的奥秘: 向往自然》《湘潭大学学报;2002 年第 3 期)认为: “小说惟一的主人公霍尔顿是个不同寻常的反抗者形象。他除了以其疯狂、自暴自弃和推至极致的愤世娭俗作为反抗手段之外，还以“虚伪”反抗“应伪, 以对大自然的向往表现了他超乎年龄的精神优势, 从而足以使他跻身历史上 “回归自然”的叛逆者之列.具有永恒意义。“观点相近的有汪海如的《一个叛逆者一拪牲者的命运》、李传芳的“遁世作家笔下的叛逆少年》《管江大学学报》1998 年第 4 期)和陈辉、王万兵的《美国 50 年代的学生叛逆形象》 (. 甘肃社会科学, 1999 年论文辑刊)等。
The image of a rebel and a rebel in American society. There is a certain number of articles that hold this point of view. For example, Zhang Jieming's "The Eternal Mystery: Longing for Nature", Journal of Xiangtan University; No. 3, 2002) argues: "Holden, the novel's sole protagonist, is an unusual figure of a rebel. In addition to his madness, self-abandonment, and extreme cynicism as a means of resistance, he also rebelled against "hypocrisy" with "hypocrisy", and showed his spiritual superiority beyond his years with his yearning for nature, which was enough to make him one of the rebels who "returned to nature" in history. It has eternal significance. Similar views include Wang Hairu's "A Rebel and the Fate of a Sacrificer", Li Chuanfang's "A Rebellious Teenager Written by a Reclusive Writer", Journal of Guanjiang University, No. 4, 1998), and Chen Hui and Wang Wanbing's "The Rebellious Image of Students in the United States in the 50s" (Gansu Social Sciences, 1999).
The image of a rebel and a rebel in American society. There is a certain number of articles that hold this point of view. For example, Zhang Jieming's "The Eternal Mystery: Longing for Nature", Journal of Xiangtan University; No. 3, 2002) argues: "Holden, the novel's sole protagonist, is an unusual figure of a rebel. In addition to his madness, self-abandonment, and extreme cynicism as a means of resistance, he also rebelled against "hypocrisy" with "hypocrisy", and showed his spiritual superiority beyond his years with his yearning for nature, which was enough to make him one of the rebels who "returned to nature" in history. It has eternal significance. Similar views include Wang Hairu's "A Rebel and the Fate of a Sacrificer", Li Chuanfang's "A Rebellious Teenager Written by a Reclusive Writer", Journal of Guanjiang University, No. 4, 1998), and Chen Hui and Wang Wanbing's "The Rebellious Image of Students in the United States in the 50s" (Gansu Social Sciences, 1999).
精神净土的守望者和精神家园的追寻者。这一观点许多论文都有涉及。专论文章为潘装琼、肖依虎的《守望精神净土追寻精神家园风(《荆州师范学院学报》2001年第 4 期)。该文认为霍尔顿“是一位漂泊于精神 “荒原”的瓜独痛苦的理性探求者: 他捍卫童年, 保护纯真;渴望关爱.企求理解;探求认
The watchman of the spiritual pure land and the seeker of the spiritual homeland. This view has been covered in many papers. The monograph article is Pan Zhuqiong and Xiao Yihu's "Watching the Spiritual Pure Land and Pursuing the Spiritual Homeland" (Journal of Jingzhou Normal University, No. 4, 2001). The essay argues that Holden "is a rational seeker of the pain of melon independence wandering in a spiritual "wasteland": he defends childhood and protects innocence; Desire for love. seek understanding; Seek recognition
The watchman of the spiritual pure land and the seeker of the spiritual homeland. This view has been covered in many papers. The monograph article is Pan Zhuqiong and Xiao Yihu's "Watching the Spiritual Pure Land and Pursuing the Spiritual Homeland" (Journal of Jingzhou Normal University, No. 4, 2001). The essay argues that Holden "is a rational seeker of the pain of melon independence wandering in a spiritual "wasteland": he defends childhood and protects innocence; Desire for love. seek understanding; Seek recognition
绝望,最终成为与社会抗争, 坚守理想的牺牲品。但是霍尔顿探索的失败丝毫不能抹杀他执着、真实、善良的耀眼光芒。在他身上, 人们看到了一位屹立世界文学史上的精神净上的守望者和精神家园的追寻者的形象。”
Despair, and eventually become a victim of fighting against society and sticking to ideals. But the failure of Holden's quest could not erase the dazzling light of his persistence, truthfulness, and kindness. In him, people see the image of a watchman of spiritual purity and a seeker of the spiritual homeland that stands in the history of world literature. ”
西方文学史上的珔独者形象。项伟谊《孤独的20世纪人(“西北师大学报》1996 年第 4 期)在文明史的意义上, 比较了“麦”中的霍尔顿与《鲁宾孙漂流记»中的鲁宾孙形象.认为他们虽同为西方文学史上的孤独者形象, 但本质不同.“鲁宾孙的孤独是一种客观状态”.“霍尔顿的孤独则是一种永远尤法排遗的心灵上的孤独”。霍尔顿的孤独是 20 世纪西方传统价值观崩溃, 导致交流障碍所产生的必然结果,“是 20 世纪的西方文明病, 无药可治”。刘荐波的〈两颗㧓寂的灵魂》 (、华北电力大学学报〉1999 年第 1 期) 从“爱的荒漠”和“守望者无力的反抗”等方面对《喧哗与骚动) 中的昆丁和《麦》中的霍尔顿进行了比较, 认为这两部现代经典的出版时间虽然相隔较远。主人公的姓氏各异、年龄不同,但他们在揭示青少年心理活动、真实地反映现代美国的精神破产和美国资产阶级青少年的失望、压抑、孤独、恐惧、忧虑、不安、麻木、失落和反抗等方面具有颇多异曲同I之处。
The image of the Independence in the History of Western Literature. Xiang Weiyi's "The Lonely Man of the 20th Century" (Northwest Normal University Newspaper, No. 4, 1996) compares the image of Holden in "Mai" with the image of Robinson Crusoe in "Robinson Crusoe" in the sense of the history of civilization. I think that although they are the same images of loners in the history of Western literature, they are fundamentally different." Robinson's loneliness is an objective state." Holden's loneliness is a kind of spiritual loneliness that will always be left out." Holden's loneliness is the inevitable result of the collapse of traditional Western values in the 20th century, which led to communication barriers, "the disease of Western civilization in the 20th century, and there is no cure". Liu Zhanbo's "Two Lonely Souls" (Journal of North China Electric Power University, No. 1, 1999) compares Quentin in "The Noise and the Tumult" with Holden in "Mai" from the aspects of "The Desert of Love" and "The Watchman's Feeble Resistance", and argues that the two modern classics were published far apart. The protagonists have different surnames and ages, but they have many similarities in revealing the psychological activities of adolescents and truly reflecting the spiritual bankruptcy of modern America and the disappointment, depression, loneliness, fear, anxiety, restlessness, numbness, loss, and rebellion of American bourgeois teenagers.
The image of the Independence in the History of Western Literature. Xiang Weiyi's "The Lonely Man of the 20th Century" (Northwest Normal University Newspaper, No. 4, 1996) compares the image of Holden in "Mai" with the image of Robinson Crusoe in "Robinson Crusoe" in the sense of the history of civilization. I think that although they are the same images of loners in the history of Western literature, they are fundamentally different." Robinson's loneliness is an objective state." Holden's loneliness is a kind of spiritual loneliness that will always be left out." Holden's loneliness is the inevitable result of the collapse of traditional Western values in the 20th century, which led to communication barriers, "the disease of Western civilization in the 20th century, and there is no cure". Liu Zhanbo's "Two Lonely Souls" (Journal of North China Electric Power University, No. 1, 1999) compares Quentin in "The Noise and the Tumult" with Holden in "Mai" from the aspects of "The Desert of Love" and "The Watchman's Feeble Resistance", and argues that the two modern classics were published far apart. The protagonists have different surnames and ages, but they have many similarities in revealing the psychological activities of adolescents and truly reflecting the spiritual bankruptcy of modern America and the disappointment, depression, loneliness, fear, anxiety, restlessness, numbness, loss, and rebellion of American bourgeois teenagers.
痛苦的觉醒者。柴改英、李晋《痛苦的觉醒者》(《山西大学师范学院学报以1998 年第 3 期) 从异中见同的背景、颇为相似的主人翁形象、发人深省的结局三个方面。对人麦田里的守望者: 与《狂人日记》进行丁比较, 认为霍尔顿与狂人都是各自时代“痛苦的觉醒者”。他们都关注孩子的命运、都有一个发人深省的悲惨结局，“两个不同社会不同时代的作家.以其极其相似的方式, 震㙳了各自所处的社会”。另外,罗世平在 (精神病症情结透视)(《四川外语学院学报)1996 年第 3 期)中.把霍尔顿作为一个精神病患者、从“心理、意识、个体成长与时代环境等角度”.揭示了“霍尔顿精神病症的成因以及这一情结所蕴含的深层意蕴”。其另一篇文章《<麦田里的守望者.中局外人的形象》(《贵州师范大学学报》1994 年第 1 期)提出了霍尔顿的局外人形象。
Agonized Awakened. Chai Gaiying and Li Jin, "The Awakened of Pain" (Journal of Shanxi University Teachers College, No. 3, 1998) From the three aspects of the background, the rather similar image of the protagonist, and the thought-provoking ending. The Catcher in the Rye: Comparing it to Diary of a Madman, Holden and Madman are both "painful awakeners" of their respective eras. They are both concerned about the fate of their children, and both have a thought-provoking tragic ending," two writers from different societies and eras. In a very similar way, it shook the societies in which they lived." In addition, Luo Shiping in (Perspective on Psychiatric Complex) (Journal of Sichuan University of Foreign Languages, No. 3, 1996). Taking Holden as a psychopath, from the perspectives of "psychology, consciousness, individual growth and the environment of the times", he reveals "the causes of Holden's psychosis and the deep implications of this complex". Another of his articles, "< Catcher in the Rye. The Image of the Outsider in China (Journal of Guizhou Normal University, No. 1, 1994) proposes Holden's image of the outsider.
Agonized Awakened. Chai Gaiying and Li Jin, "The Awakened of Pain" (Journal of Shanxi University Teachers College, No. 3, 1998) From the three aspects of the background, the rather similar image of the protagonist, and the thought-provoking ending. The Catcher in the Rye: Comparing it to Diary of a Madman, Holden and Madman are both "painful awakeners" of their respective eras. They are both concerned about the fate of their children, and both have a thought-provoking tragic ending," two writers from different societies and eras. In a very similar way, it shook the societies in which they lived." In addition, Luo Shiping in (Perspective on Psychiatric Complex) (Journal of Sichuan University of Foreign Languages, No. 3, 1996). Taking Holden as a psychopath, from the perspectives of "psychology, consciousness, individual growth and the environment of the times", he reveals "the causes of Holden's psychosis and the deep implications of this complex". Another of his articles, "< Catcher in the Rye. The Image of the Outsider in China (Journal of Guizhou Normal University, No. 1, 1994) proposes Holden's image of the outsider.
四、其它角度的研究 Fourth, research from other perspectives
语言特色分析，侯维瑞先生的《个性和典型性的完美结台(、外国语
Analysis of linguistic characteristics, Mr. Hou Weirui's "The Perfect Knot of Personality and Typicality (, Foreign Chinese,
Analysis of linguistic characteristics, Mr. Hou Weirui's "The Perfect Knot of Personality and Typicality (, Foreign Chinese,
象征、叙事等艺术表现手法研究。宋冰在《“红”的释义》 (《成都师专学报》1998 年第 2 期)中, 分析了小说中经常出现的“红色”意象,认为红色象征着霍尔顿复杂的性格。塞林格通过对颜色词红色的运用, 深刻、生动地向读者展示了霍尔顿这一战后美国青少年代表人物的叛逆、激进、热情、同时有些彷徨、软弱的性格特征。王万兵的《<麦田里的守望者〉的象征艺术新探》(《河西学院学报》2003年第 1 期), 从整体象征和局部象征两个层面对这部作品进行了评析。刘长江《叙事 - 结构 - 意象与主题的完美统一》(《四川行政学院学报》 2003 年第 2 期).探讨了《麦田里的守望者》的叙事特点、情节模式、意象与主题之间的关系，认为这部小说的发力来自于这些要素之间的完美统一。郭佳、陈香兰的《〈麦田里的守望者)中的叙述者和名义听众》《性丹江师范学院学报》2002 年第 4 期)和杨旭的《新颖、独特、自由:(麦田里的守望者)的视角艺术浅析》(《长沙电力学院学报》2002 年第 2 期) 分别分析了这部作品的叙事艺术手法。
Research on symbolism, narrative and other artistic expressions. In "The Interpretation of "Red" (Journal of Chengdu Teachers College, No. 2, 1998), Song Bing analyzes the "red" imagery that often appears in the novel, arguing that the color red symbolizes Holden's complex character. Through the use of the color red, Salinger profoundly and vividly shows the reader the rebellious, radical, enthusiastic, and at the same time a little hesitant and weak character traits of Holden, a representative of post-war American youth. Wang Wanbing's "A New Exploration of the Symbolic Art of < Catcher in the Rye" (Journal of Hexi University, No. 1, 2003) reviews this work from two levels: overall symbolism and partial symbolism. Liu Changjiang's "Narrative-Structure-The Perfect Unity of Image and Theme" (Journal of Sichuan Institute of Administration, No. 2, 2003) discusses the narrative characteristics, plot mode, and relationship between imagery and theme of The Catcher in the Rye, and believes that the strength of this novel comes from the perfect unity between these elements. Guo Jia and Chen Xianglan's "The Narrator and the Nominal Audience in 'The Catcher in the Rye)" (Journal of Danjiang Normal University, No. 4, 2002) and Yang Xu's "Novelty, Uniqueness, and Freedom: An Analysis of the Perspective Art of (The Catcher in the Rye)" (Journal of Changsha Electric Power Institute, No. 2, 2002) respectively analyzed the narrative art techniques of this work.
Research on symbolism, narrative and other artistic expressions. In "The Interpretation of "Red" (Journal of Chengdu Teachers College, No. 2, 1998), Song Bing analyzes the "red" imagery that often appears in the novel, arguing that the color red symbolizes Holden's complex character. Through the use of the color red, Salinger profoundly and vividly shows the reader the rebellious, radical, enthusiastic, and at the same time a little hesitant and weak character traits of Holden, a representative of post-war American youth. Wang Wanbing's "A New Exploration of the Symbolic Art of < Catcher in the Rye" (Journal of Hexi University, No. 1, 2003) reviews this work from two levels: overall symbolism and partial symbolism. Liu Changjiang's "Narrative-Structure-The Perfect Unity of Image and Theme" (Journal of Sichuan Institute of Administration, No. 2, 2003) discusses the narrative characteristics, plot mode, and relationship between imagery and theme of The Catcher in the Rye, and believes that the strength of this novel comes from the perfect unity between these elements. Guo Jia and Chen Xianglan's "The Narrator and the Nominal Audience in 'The Catcher in the Rye)" (Journal of Danjiang Normal University, No. 4, 2002) and Yang Xu's "Novelty, Uniqueness, and Freedom: An Analysis of the Perspective Art of (The Catcher in the Rye)" (Journal of Changsha Electric Power Institute, No. 2, 2002) respectively analyzed the narrative art techniques of this work.
此外,冯季庆的《特殊话语标记和语义无差异性》《外国文学研究》2003 年第 3 期)"从加谬《局外人》和塞林格的《麦田里的守望者》的特殊话语标记人手, 研讨作品的叙事特征和意义,指出它们作为小说叙事文本的最大特点就是揭示了以互不相容的语义价值和文化价值拼接起来的双重性, 导致了价值的无差异性。作品中大量表示折衷立场的词语和语义对应了特定社会的深层结构组织状况和战后社会语言环境因意识形态冲突而导致的陏落。以反英雄为主角批判了意识形态中心话语的贬值和社会强势话语的虚假性”。蔡阡锐《守望・保护・救赎》(《温州师范学院学报》2003 年第 4 期) 则以 “爱的行为”为切人点,对霍尔顿、贾宝玉、梅思金三个人物形象进行了比较
In addition, Feng Jiqing's "Special Discourse Markers and Semantic Indifference" (Foreign Literature Studies, No. 3, 2003) "From the special discursive markers of the two Outsiders and Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, the narrative characteristics and meanings of the works are discussed, and it is pointed out that the biggest feature of them as narrative texts of the novel is that they reveal the duality of splicing together incompatible semantic values and cultural values, resulting in the indifference of values." The large number of words and semantics that express an eclectic stance in the work correspond to the deep structure and organization of a particular society and the decline of the post-war socio-linguistic environment due to ideological conflicts. With the anti-hero as the protagonist, he critiques the depreciation of the ideological central discourse and the falsity of the discourse of social power". Cai Qianrui's "Watch, Protection, Redemption" (Journal of Wenzhou Normal University, No. 4, 2003) takes the "act of love" as the point of view, and compares the three characters of Holden, Jia Baoyu, and Mei Sijin
In addition, Feng Jiqing's "Special Discourse Markers and Semantic Indifference" (Foreign Literature Studies, No. 3, 2003) "From the special discursive markers of the two Outsiders and Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, the narrative characteristics and meanings of the works are discussed, and it is pointed out that the biggest feature of them as narrative texts of the novel is that they reveal the duality of splicing together incompatible semantic values and cultural values, resulting in the indifference of values." The large number of words and semantics that express an eclectic stance in the work correspond to the deep structure and organization of a particular society and the decline of the post-war socio-linguistic environment due to ideological conflicts. With the anti-hero as the protagonist, he critiques the depreciation of the ideological central discourse and the falsity of the discourse of social power". Cai Qianrui's "Watch, Protection, Redemption" (Journal of Wenzhou Normal University, No. 4, 2003) takes the "act of love" as the point of view, and compares the three characters of Holden, Jia Baoyu, and Mei Sijin
综观 20 年来我国对《麦田里的守望者》的研究, 1994 年可谓一个转折点。从 1994 年开始,首先是论文的数量开始突破过去 10 年仅有 6 篇的冷清局面。更为重要的是, 随着数量的增长, 过去单一的社会一历史研究方法也逐渐被全方位、多角度的研究视野取代。谈起、魏燕的文本分析,胡亚敏运用跨学科理论的研究, 严志军的后结构主义解析.杨秋荣的题旨解读,罗世平等对这部作品的多方探索,以及目前针对这一作品形成的百家争鸣的局面,和一直居高不下的论文发表量都表明,对这部作品的研究在我国正在走向深人。而且这一势头还将长久保持下去。
Looking at the research on "The Catcher in the Rye" in China over the past 20 years, 1994 can be described as a turning point. Beginning in 1994, the number of papers began to break through the cold situation of only 6 in the previous 10 years. More importantly, with the increase of the number, the single socio-historical research method in the past has gradually been replaced by a comprehensive and multi-angle research perspective. Talking about Wei Yan's textual analysis, Hu Yamin's research using interdisciplinary theory, and Yan Zhijun's poststructuralist analysis. Yang Qiurong's interpretation of the theme, Luo Shiping's multi-faceted exploration of this work, as well as the current situation of a hundred schools of thought contending for this work, and the number of papers published that have been high, all show that the research on this work is moving towards a deep foundation in China. And this momentum will continue for a long time.
Looking at the research on "The Catcher in the Rye" in China over the past 20 years, 1994 can be described as a turning point. Beginning in 1994, the number of papers began to break through the cold situation of only 6 in the previous 10 years. More importantly, with the increase of the number, the single socio-historical research method in the past has gradually been replaced by a comprehensive and multi-angle research perspective. Talking about Wei Yan's textual analysis, Hu Yamin's research using interdisciplinary theory, and Yan Zhijun's poststructuralist analysis. Yang Qiurong's interpretation of the theme, Luo Shiping's multi-faceted exploration of this work, as well as the current situation of a hundred schools of thought contending for this work, and the number of papers published that have been high, all show that the research on this work is moving towards a deep foundation in China. And this momentum will continue for a long time.
与此同时, 存在的问题也十分突出。一是绝大多数研究者的成果均为单篇文章.缺乏持续、深入的研究成果.经验式阅读占相当比重, 重复研究现象明显。一部分文章的观点陈陈相因, 有的研究本身就存在问题。如把霍尔顿与贾宝玉形象进行比较, 无论如何都有对人物进行表面化理解、牵强比附的痕迹。另一突出问题是硬性切割式阅读的大量存在, 表现为把作品当成了某种已有成见的注脚, 对文本任意辛割,断章取义, 甚至超越文本, 把自己的主观推测作为立论的依 据。如时常见到的把老师安多里尼肯定地当作“可耻的同性恋者”,认为他所说的“一个不成熟的男子的标志是他愿意为某种事业英勇地死去,一个成熟男子的标志是他愿意为某种事业卑贱地活着”, 是向霍尔顿灌输“圆滑、世故”的人生哲学。其实文本中连霍尔顿自己都不能对安多里尼是否是同性恋做出肯定的判断。至于安多里尼所说的两句话, 书中也存交代。它是一位著名的心理学家威尔罕姆・斯塔克尔的名言.蕴含深刻的人生哲理。安多里尼认为这两句话对霍尔顿有帮助.特意写下来, 送给霍尔顿。因为大部分中国读者并不知道这位心理学家.阅读时极易跳过这个突然出现的陌生名字.把它误读为安多里尼自己人生哲学的表述。产生这一现象的原因多种多样、比如把文学作品中的人物、背景当成现实真实.忽视文学的独立性, 加上一些先在的可以“以虚伪对虚伪”之类的批判逻辑的影响.使有的论者认为可以超越作品.对作品进行切割以说明自己固有的观点。这种现象并不仅仅存在于《麦》的研究中: 再比如缺乏共通的文化背景, 加上翻译过程译者的二次创造.国内的相当一部分研究者以译本作为研究立足点所必然产生的。以小说名称“THE CATCHER IN THE RYE”中“catcher”一词的翻译为例.“catcher”在原文中的含义是棒球比赛中立于打击手之后以接投手投来之球的捕手。对热衷棒球运动的美国人.其含义无须解释。可对于中国人.原义转译后就会产生接受障碍。施咸荣先生根据他对作品的整体理解.创造性地把它翻译为 “守望者”.可谓传神。但是,与台湾译本把它译为《麦田捕手”相比.读者的阅读感受肯定会产生差异。问题的存在也为我们指出了未来有关《麦田里的守望者》的研究趋势或方向: 吸待译介研究.通过翻译转换过程中表现出来的两种文化的交流、融合・辩析文化差异・消除文化误读;对作品中带有文化意味的成分进行相关考辨。如其中涉及到的作家、作品情况.美国 20 世纪 40.50 年代的教育制度、教育状况等;借用现代文论.对文本多维度的、持续、深人的细读式研究。
At the same time, the existing problems are also very prominent. First, the vast majority of researchers' results are single articles. There is a lack of sustained and in-depth research results. Empirical reading accounts for a considerable proportion, and the phenomenon of repeated research is obvious. Some of the opinions of the articles are very different, and some of the studies themselves are problematic. If we compare Holden with Jia Baoyu's image, there are traces of superficial understanding and far-fetched comparison of the characters in any case. Another prominent problem is the existence of a large number of hard-cut readings, which are manifested in the fact that the work is regarded as a footnote to some preconceived notions, arbitrarily cutting the text, taking it out of context, and even going beyond the text, taking one's own subjective speculation as the basis for making arguments. As is often seen, the teacher Androlini is affirmed as a "shameful homosexual", and that what he says is that "the mark of an immature man is that he is willing to die heroically for a cause, and the mark of a mature man is that he is willing to live a humble life for a certain cause", is to instill in Holden a "sleek, sophisticated" philosophy of life. In fact, in the text, even Holden himself cannot make a positive judgment on whether Andolini is gay or not. As for the two sentences that Adorini said, they are also explained in the book. It is a famous quote by the famous psychologist Wilham Starkel. It contains a profound philosophy of life. Andolini thinks these two sentences are helpful to Holden. Write it down and give it to Holden. Because most Chinese readers don't know about this psychologist. It's easy to skip this unfamiliar name that suddenly appears when reading. Misread it as a statement of Andolini's own philosophy of life. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, such as treating the characters and backgrounds in literary works as real. Ignoring the independence of literature, coupled with some pre-existing influence of critical logic that can be "hypocritical to hypocritical". So that some commentators think that it is possible to transcend the work. Cut the work to illustrate your own inherent point of view. This phenomenon is not confined to the study of Mai: the lack of a common cultural background, coupled with the translator's re-creation in the translation process. It is inevitable that a considerable number of domestic researchers will use the translation as a research foothold. TAKE, FOR EXAMPLE, THE TRANSLATION OF THE WORD "CATCHER" IN THE TITLE OF THE NOVEL, "THE CATCHER IN THE RYE." The meaning of "catcher" in the original text is a catcher in baseball who stands behind the batter and catches the ball thrown by the pitcher. For Americans who are passionate about baseball. The meaning needs no explanation. Available for the Chinese. When the original meaning is translated, there is a barrier to acceptance. Mr. Shi Xianrong based on his overall understanding of the work. Creatively translates it as "watchman." However, compared to the Taiwanese translation that translates it as "The Rye Catcher". There will definitely be a difference in the reader's reading experience. The existence of this problem also points out to us the future research trend or direction of "The Catcher in the Rye": the study of the translation of the study. Through the exchange and integration of the two cultures expressed in the process of translation and transformation, the cultural differences are analyzed, and cultural misunderstandings are eliminated. Examine the cultural elements of the work. Such as the writers and works involved. the education system, educational status of the 40.50s of the 20th century in the United States, etc.; Borrowing from modern literary theory. A multi-dimensional, continuous, and deeply perusive study of texts.
At the same time, the existing problems are also very prominent. First, the vast majority of researchers' results are single articles. There is a lack of sustained and in-depth research results. Empirical reading accounts for a considerable proportion, and the phenomenon of repeated research is obvious. Some of the opinions of the articles are very different, and some of the studies themselves are problematic. If we compare Holden with Jia Baoyu's image, there are traces of superficial understanding and far-fetched comparison of the characters in any case. Another prominent problem is the existence of a large number of hard-cut readings, which are manifested in the fact that the work is regarded as a footnote to some preconceived notions, arbitrarily cutting the text, taking it out of context, and even going beyond the text, taking one's own subjective speculation as the basis for making arguments. As is often seen, the teacher Androlini is affirmed as a "shameful homosexual", and that what he says is that "the mark of an immature man is that he is willing to die heroically for a cause, and the mark of a mature man is that he is willing to live a humble life for a certain cause", is to instill in Holden a "sleek, sophisticated" philosophy of life. In fact, in the text, even Holden himself cannot make a positive judgment on whether Andolini is gay or not. As for the two sentences that Adorini said, they are also explained in the book. It is a famous quote by the famous psychologist Wilham Starkel. It contains a profound philosophy of life. Andolini thinks these two sentences are helpful to Holden. Write it down and give it to Holden. Because most Chinese readers don't know about this psychologist. It's easy to skip this unfamiliar name that suddenly appears when reading. Misread it as a statement of Andolini's own philosophy of life. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, such as treating the characters and backgrounds in literary works as real. Ignoring the independence of literature, coupled with some pre-existing influence of critical logic that can be "hypocritical to hypocritical". So that some commentators think that it is possible to transcend the work. Cut the work to illustrate your own inherent point of view. This phenomenon is not confined to the study of Mai: the lack of a common cultural background, coupled with the translator's re-creation in the translation process. It is inevitable that a considerable number of domestic researchers will use the translation as a research foothold. TAKE, FOR EXAMPLE, THE TRANSLATION OF THE WORD "CATCHER" IN THE TITLE OF THE NOVEL, "THE CATCHER IN THE RYE." The meaning of "catcher" in the original text is a catcher in baseball who stands behind the batter and catches the ball thrown by the pitcher. For Americans who are passionate about baseball. The meaning needs no explanation. Available for the Chinese. When the original meaning is translated, there is a barrier to acceptance. Mr. Shi Xianrong based on his overall understanding of the work. Creatively translates it as "watchman." However, compared to the Taiwanese translation that translates it as "The Rye Catcher". There will definitely be a difference in the reader's reading experience. The existence of this problem also points out to us the future research trend or direction of "The Catcher in the Rye": the study of the translation of the study. Through the exchange and integration of the two cultures expressed in the process of translation and transformation, the cultural differences are analyzed, and cultural misunderstandings are eliminated. Examine the cultural elements of the work. Such as the writers and works involved. the education system, educational status of the 40.50s of the 20th century in the United States, etc.; Borrowing from modern literary theory. A multi-dimensional, continuous, and deeply perusive study of texts.
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(责任编辑 许力) (Editor-in-charge: Xu Li)
中国《麦田里的守望者》研究 A study of the catcher in the wheat field in China
张桂霞 Zhang Guixia
（文化与传播 Sihool.洛阳大学.洛阳471023。中国）
(Culture & Communication, Sihool, Luoyang University, Luoyang 471023.) China)
(Culture & Communication, Sihool, Luoyang University, Luoyang 471023.) China)
关键词： 守望者
Key words: Watchman
Key words: Watchman
- 收稿日期:
Received: 作者简介: 张桂霞( 1964 -), 女, 河南三门焕人.洛阳大学文化与传播学院讲师、文学硕士。
About author: ZHANG Guixia( 1964 -), female, from Sanmenhuan, Henan. Lecturer at the School of Culture and Communication, Luoyang University, Master of Arts. - 摘要： 本文是对中国近20年来麦田里的麦田研究的总结，也是对未来研究的展望。
Abstract: This paper is a summary of the research on wheat fields in China in the past 20 years, and also a prospect for future research.