Psychology 心理学
BALI @ 2025.03.12 , 08:15
Do all reds look the same to us? Scientists have found the answer 我们眼中的红色都一样吗？科学家找到了答案
The latest research shows that people with normal color vision have similar subjective experiences with colors, and the experiences of colorblind individuals also show similar patterns.
最新研究表明，拥有正常色觉的人对颜色的主观体验是相同的，色盲者的体验也呈现出相似的规律。
We can never be sure if others feel the world the same way we do, but a new experiment reveals that color is indeed a shared phenomenon. Do people experience colors in the same way? In response to this long-standing philosophical question, a new study provides the most compelling evidence to date, indicating that people with normal color vision indeed share the same subjective color experiences.
我们永远无法确切知道他人对世界的感受是否与我们相同，但一项新实验揭示了颜色确实是一种共享的现象。每个人对颜色的体验是否相同？针对这一长期存在的哲学问题，一项新的研究提供了迄今为止最有力的证据，表明拥有正常色觉的人确实共享相同的主观颜色体验。
Expressing our subjective consciousness experiences in language is a well-known challenge, which makes it difficult for us to directly compare our own and others' real feelings. However, researchers have previously tried to bypass this obstacle through various methods. One technique called the "relational method" involves people considering the relationships between concepts. For example, most people believe that red and green are opposite. Masafumi Oizumi of the University of Tokyo, Japan, said, "Our experience of red is, to some extent, defined by the relationships between other experiences."
将我们的主观意识体验用语言表达出来是众所周知的难题，这使得我们很难直接比较自己与他人的现实感受。然而，研究人员此前曾尝试通过各种方法来绕过这一障碍。其中一种被称为“关系法”的技术，是让人们考虑概念之间的关系。例如，大多数人认为红色与绿色是对立的。日本东京大学的Masafumi Oizumi表示：“我们对红色的体验在一定程度上是由其他体验之间的关系所定义的。”
Previous studies using this method required participants to rate the similarity of paired colors, then draw these color relationship diagrams and label the positions of each color. Oizumi pointed out that by comparing these positions (assuming that one person's red is the same as another person's red), we can gain some information about how we perceive colors, but the key is that this method cannot completely rule out the possibility that one person's red might be another person's green.
此前使用这种方法的研究要求人们对成对颜色的相似性进行评分，然后绘制这些颜色关系图，并标注每种颜色的位置。Oizumi指出，通过比较这些位置(假设一个人的红色与另一个人的红色一致)，可以为我们如何感知颜色提供一些信息，但关键的是，这种方法无法完全排除一个人的红色可能是另一个人的绿色的可能性。
To further explore this issue, Oizumi and his colleagues invited 683 people to rate the similarity of pairs of 93 unique hues using an eight-point scale, which differ slightly in hue, brightness, and saturation. Approximately one-third of the participants were colorblind, mainly red-green colorblind, which allowed the research team to compare their experiences with those of people with normal color vision.
为了进一步探索这一问题，Oizumi和他的同事们邀请了683人，使用八点量表对93种独特色调的成对颜色相似性进行评分，这些色调在色相、亮度和饱和度上略有不同。大约三分之一的参与者是色盲，主要是红绿色盲，这使得研究团队能够将他们的体验与正常色觉者的体验进行比较。
The research team then created similarity score maps for each participant, but unlike before, they did not label the colors on the maps. Through computer models, the researchers randomly combined the maps of different participants to extract relationship structures that are not clearly associated with color.
研究团队随后为每位参与者创建了相似性评分图，但与以往不同的是，他们并未在图上标注颜色。通过计算机模型，研究人员随机组合了不同参与者的图谱，提取出与颜色没有明确关联的关系结构。
Despite this, the research team found that at the group level, people with normal color vision share the same relative color structure. Oizumi said that this means other mapping methods, including the reversal of color experience, are less likely. Team member Nao Tsuchiya of Monash University in Melbourne, Australia said that more research is needed to completely rule out the possibility of the reversal of color experience, "but we know we are moving in that direction."
尽管如此，研究团队发现，在群体层面上，拥有正常色觉的人共享相同的相对颜色结构。Oizumi表示，这意味着其他映射方式，包括颜色体验的颠倒，都是不太可能的。澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学的团队成员Nao Tsuchiya表示，需要更多的研究来彻底否定颜色体验颠倒的可能性，“但我们知道我们正在朝着这个方向前进”。
The results for colorblind participants are the same, although their degree of red-green color blindness varies. The color structures of all participants are roughly similar, although colorblind individuals experience red and green more closely, indicating that they are more inclined to consider these two colors similar.
色盲参与者的结果也是如此，尽管他们的红绿色盲程度不同。所有参与者的颜色结构大致相似，尽管色盲者对红色和绿色的体验更为接近，这表明他们比正常色觉者更倾向于认为这两种颜色相似。
Independent researcher David Bimler said that since the research team's model only matches based on similarity structures and does not attempt to align predefined tags, the research results are more reliable. He said, "This is a positive result, without any hidden assumptions."
独立研究员David Bimler表示，由于研究团队的模型仅基于相似性结构进行匹配，而不是试图对齐预定义的标签，因此研究结果更加可靠。他说：“这是一个积极的结果，没有暗中预设任何条件。”
This research not only provides a new perspective for us to understand color perception, but also lays a foundation for future exploration of the commonality of human subjective experiences.
这项研究不仅为我们理解颜色感知提供了新的视角，也为未来探索人类主观体验的共性奠定了基础。
This article is translated from New Scientist, edited and published by BALI.
本文译自 New Scientist，由 BALI 编辑发布。
