KIDS CAN SNOWBOARD!兒童也能滑雪板！

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設計、美術與版面配置

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INTRODUCTION簡介

Teaching kids to snowboard can be a fun，rewarding and challenging experience．
教導孩子滑雪板可以是一個有趣、充實且具挑戰性的經驗。
Teaching children isn＇t just about the technical aspects of snowboarding．
教導兒童不僅僅是關於滑雪板的技術層面。
Children make up the majority of students learning to snowboard，and as
兒童佔了學習滑雪板學生的大多數，因此，
such，special attention needs to be paid to how we teach children＇s lessons．
我們需要特別注意如何教授兒童課程

DUTY OF CARE注意義務

When working with children, the courts will impose and expect a greater duty of care. This duty increases as the age of your student decreases. Courts in Canada hold that the duty of care owned by a person charged with the supervision of children is that of a “careful or prudent parent”. Knowing this, it’s important to remember that the actual act of snowboarding may be only a small part of an instructor’s responsibilities during a lesson. Instructors will not have this duty of care discharged until such time that the child has been safely released into the care of another responsi-
在與兒童工作時，法院會施加並期望更高的注意義務。隨著學生年齡的降低，這項義務也會增加。加拿大法院認為，負責監督兒童的人所承擔的注意義務相當於「謹慎或審慎的父母」。了解這一點後，重要的是要記住，實際的滑雪板運動可能只是教練在課程中責任的一小部分。教練在兒童安全交由他人照顧之前，這項注意義務不會解除。
ble adult (depending on snow school policies).
可參加成人課程（視雪地學校政策而定）。

CLASS MANAGEMENT課堂管理

COMMUNICATING WITH PARENTS
與家長溝通

When working with children, remember who is paying for the lesson! It’s your job as an instructor to put parents at ease, and build confidence in their decision to enrol their child in a lesson. At the start of the lesson / initial meeting area, use the “S.P.I.T.” acronym:
與孩子一起工作時，請記得是誰在付課費！作為教師，你的工作是讓家長安心，並建立他們對讓孩子參加課程決定的信心。在課程開始或初次會面時，使用“S.P.I.T.”這個縮寫：

COMMUNICATING WITH PARENTS (CONT.)
與家長溝通（續）

At the finish of the lesson, try the "S.P.I.N." acronym...
在課程結束時，試試「S.P.I.N.」這個縮寫……

COMMUNICATING WITH CHILDREN
與孩子溝通

To Do...要做的事...

• Use directions that are short and simple, and keep them to a minimum.
  使用簡短且簡單的指示，並盡量保持指示數量最少。
• Demonstrate movements many times during a lesson.
  在課程中多次示範動作。
• Encourage children to repeat successes over and over.
  鼓勵孩子們反覆重複成功的動作。
  $◻$$◻$◻\square Encourage children to experiment with movements.
  $◻$$◻$◻\square 鼓勵孩子們嘗試各種動作。
• Use games or fun challenges instead of technical jargon or exercises intended for adults.
  使用遊戲或有趣的挑戰，取代成人專用的專業術語或練習。
• Help the younger children experience feeling by manual assistance using tools such as harnesses, tethers, hoops, or soft toys / obstacles.
  透過使用輔助工具如安全帶、繫繩、圈圈或軟玩具／障礙物，手動協助年幼的孩子體驗感覺。
• Give children ONE goal at a time (small steps).
  一次給孩子一個目標（小步驟）。
  $◻$$◻$◻\square Give positive, specific feedback (applauding the child’s successes with comments that pinpoint the details of the success).
  $◻$$◻$◻\square 給予正面且具體的回饋（以讚賞孩子成功的方式，並指出成功的細節）。

LESSON PRESENTATION課程介紹

Introducing Yourself:自我介紹：

• Make eye contact with the children. If necessary, get down on one knee or bend over to the child’s level so that the children can see your face. Smile!
  與孩子們保持眼神接觸。如有需要，跪下一膝或彎腰至孩子的視線高度，讓孩子們能看到你的臉。微笑！
• Get to know the children’s interests. Ask them about their favourite “thing”- an object, activity, person or animal. Find out what other sports or activities they enjoy.
  了解孩子們的興趣。問問他們最喜歡的「東西」——一個物品、活動、人物或動物。了解他們還喜歡哪些運動或活動。
• Try giving each kid a nickname based on his or her interests. This will make them feel special and important. Be prepared to adopt a nickname yourself, and be prepared to have some children object to another name.
  試著根據每個孩子的興趣給他們取個綽號。這會讓他們感覺特別且重要。自己也要準備好接受一個綽號，並且準備好面對有些孩子可能不喜歡被取另一個名字。
• Some children will be receptive to a Name Game (e.g.: toss a foam cube or other soft object (like a glove or a hat) from one to another and have each person say either his name or the name of the person to whom he is tossing the cube).
  有些孩子會樂於參與名字遊戲（例如：將泡棉方塊或其他柔軟物品（像手套或帽子）從一個人丟給另一個人，每個人說出自己的名字或他丟給的人的名字）。
  

  

Use of Games & Activities:
遊戲與活動的使用：

• Although it is not necessary to use games throughout the entire lesson, we must keep in mind that children learn best through play.
  雖然不必在整堂課中都使用遊戲，但我們必須記住，孩子們透過遊戲學習效果最佳。
• Make sure you consider the age of the group when deciding the games or activities you will be using during the clinic.
  在決定課程中要使用的遊戲或活動時，務必考慮團體的年齡層。
• Balance the games with time just to ride and enjoy the movement without structure.
  遊戲與自由騎乘時間要取得平衡，讓孩子們能無拘無束地享受動作。
• Make sure the activities/games you choose help develop a technical goal or skill.
  確保你選擇的活動／遊戲有助於發展技術目標或技能。

Setting Goals:設定目標：

• Try to find a balance between the child’s goals and the realistic goals that can be attained in the lesson.
  嘗試在孩子的目標與課程中可實現的現實目標之間找到平衡。
• Try rewarding participation in basic exercises with fun, kid-specific games and freestyle manoeuvres.
  嘗試用有趣、適合孩子的遊戲和自由式動作來獎勵他們參與基本練習。
• Don’t rush it! Allow kids a lot of time to feel, explore, and experiment with the movements and skills before pushing them to the next step in the progression.
  不要急躁！給孩子充足的時間去感受、探索和嘗試動作與技能，然後再推進到下一個進階步驟。
  

  

TEACHING TIPS: 4 YEARS OLD (AND UNDER)
教學技巧：4歲（含以下）

Do...做...

Ensure that equipment fits, and is properly sized for them - not just a small adult board!
確保裝備合身，尺寸適合他們——而不只是小尺寸的成人滑雪板！
$✓$$✓$✓\checkmark Adjust your expectations! Progress will take many forms and happen in small steps. Remember, turning isn’t the ultimate goal!
$✓$$✓$✓\checkmark 調整你的期望值！進步會以多種形式出現，且是逐步發生的。記住，轉彎並不是最終目標！
$✓$$✓$✓\checkmark Incorporate games, challenges, imitation and plenty of trial and error.
$✓$$✓$✓\checkmark 融入遊戲、挑戰、模仿以及大量的嘗試與錯誤。
Use the assistance of tools like Riglet Reels, harnesses, hula-hoops, and ski poles to assist with mobility and maximize practice time.
利用 Riglet Reels、繫帶、呼拉圈和滑雪杖等工具協助移動，並最大化練習時間。

Don't...不要…

TEACHING APPROACHES:教學方法：

• Keep on-snow sessions short!
  保持滑雪時間短暫！
• Avoid one-footed manoeuvres - instructors should assist student with both feet attached, using tools such as hula-hoops, tethers attached to the board, harnesses/vests, ski poles, etc.
  避免單腳動作——教練應協助學生雙腳固定，並使用呼拉圈、綁在滑雪板上的繩索、安全帶/背心、滑雪杖等輔助工具。
• Focus on simple movements generated from the core.
  專注於由核心產生的簡單動作。
• Turning effort may be generated inclination or bending at the waist.
  轉彎動作可透過傾斜或腰部彎曲來產生力量。
• Constant monitoring of physical comfort is required (clothing, energy levels, etc.) Learning will stop if they become frustrated.
  需要持續監控身體舒適度（衣著、精力狀況等）。如果感到挫折，學習將會停止。
• Reward attention with fun rewards like building a snowman, etc.
  以有趣的獎勵來獎勵注意力，例如堆雪人等。
• Use games with lots of imagination and no rules.
  使用充滿想像力且無規則的遊戲。
• Keep instructor - student ratio low ( $1:1$$1:1$1:11: 1 is ideal).
  保持師生比例低（ $1:1$$1:1$1:11: 1 為理想比例）。
• Keep instructions to one simple direction.
  保持指示簡單明確。
• Stand beside the child when demonstrating, rather than in front.
  示範時站在孩子旁邊，而不是正前方。
• Allow plenty of experimentation with sliding and mobility and monitor the environment (slope, terrain, crowds) to ensure risk is minimized.
  允許孩子多多嘗試滑行和移動，並監控環境（坡度、地形、人群），以確保風險降到最低。
• Don’t rush it! Spend plenty of time on flatter terrain, developing balance.
  不要急躁！花足夠時間在較平坦的地形上，培養平衡感。

TEACHING TIPS: 5-7 YEARS OLD
教學技巧：5-7 歲孩童

Teaching Approaches:教學方法：

• May still need rest periods.
  可能仍需要休息時間。
• Allow for experimentation within the bounds of safety.
  在安全範圍內允許孩子進行嘗試和實驗。
• Group kids according to size and coordination, not just age.
  依據體型和協調性分組，而不僅僅是年齡。
• Be prepared for various levels of coordination. I.E.: One-footed manoeuvres may be appropriate for some, but not others.
  準備好面對不同程度的協調能力。例如：單腳操作對某些孩子來說可能合適，但對其他孩子則不然。
• Start to work to refine and vary some basic movements.
  開始著手精進並變化一些基本動作。
• Rules should be simple and clear.
  規則應該簡單明確。
• Manage fears by creating a comfortable and safe environment.
  透過營造舒適且安全的環境來管理恐懼。
• Create fun and memorable experiences. Mix in what the kids want with what they need.
  創造有趣且難忘的體驗。將孩子想要的與他們需要的結合起來。
• Pair up in partners for some activities.
  在某些活動中兩人一組。
• Keep rules to a minimum and keep them simple. Keep games “win-win” - no losers.
  將規則保持在最低限度並保持簡單。讓遊戲成為「雙贏」—沒有輸家。
• Allow for independent experimentation when safe.
  在安全的情況下，允許獨立實驗。
• Keep instructions simple, and use repeated cue words often.
  保持指示簡單，並經常使用重複的提示詞。
• Incorporate distractions into the lesson when possible (I.E.: staring into trees, etc.)
  盡可能將分心因素融入課程中（例如：凝視樹木等）。
• Don’t forget to demo! Visuals are worth much more than explanations.
  別忘了示範！視覺效果比解釋更有價值。
  

  

TEACHING TIPS: 8-11 YEARS OLD
教學技巧：8-11歲

Teaching Approaches:教學方法：

• Less talk, more rock! These kids have almost unlimited energy.
  少說話，多行動！這些孩子幾乎有無限的精力。
• Give safe, but challenging goals.
  給予安全但具挑戰性的目標。
• Challenge with basic freestyle tricks (ollies, flatland tricks, 180’s) and more challenging terrain when appropriate.
  挑戰基本的自由式技巧（跳躍、平地技巧、180度轉彎）以及在適當時機挑戰更具挑戰性的地形。
• Feedback can focus on smaller joints.
  回饋可以著重於較小的關節。
• Incorporate some Guided Discovery into lesson presentations.
  在課程呈現中融入一些引導式探索。
• Provide lots of feedback and promote group encouragement.
  提供大量回饋並促進團體鼓勵。
• Encourage participation for the enjoyment of an activity, as opposed to competition. If competitions are used, keep it friendly and focused on challenging or developing new skills.
  鼓勵參與以享受活動為主，而非競爭。如果使用競賽，保持友善並著重於挑戰或發展新技能。
• Set clear guidelines for behaviour, and stick to them. “What you permit, you promote”.
  訂立明確的行為準則，並堅持執行。「你允許的，就是你促進的」。
  

  

TEACHING TIPS：12－15 YEARS OLD
教學技巧：12－15歲

Teaching Approaches：教學方法：

－Can now begin to ride with the same level of skill refinement as adults．
－現在可以開始以與成人相同的技能水準騎乘。
－Be considerate and show empathy and encouragement．
－要體貼，展現同理心與鼓勵。
－Use a＇Whole－Part－Whole＇approach：introduce the whole manoeuvre，work on a smaller part，and then put that part back into the whole．
－採用「整體－部分－整體」的方法：先介紹整個動作，然後練習較小的部分，最後再將該部分融入整體中。
－Students may be extra sensitive－be careful with criticism．
－學生可能會特別敏感－對批評要小心。
－Students will respond to clear expectations and opportunities to express indepen－ dence．
－學生會對明確的期望和表達獨立性的機會有所回應。
－When possible，create same gender groups．
－盡可能組成同性別的小組。
－Use analogies to aid understanding．
－使用類比來幫助理解

TOOL BOX工具箱

PRE-QUICKRIDE PROGRESSION: Age 4 Years Old & Under
預備快速滑行進階：4歲及以下

1. Off-Snow Exploration (Equipment & Balance)
1. 雪地外探索（裝備與平衡）

2. On-Snow Exploration (Balance, Sliding)
2. 雪地探索（平衡、滑行）

Using a tool like a retractable tether, vest/harness, hula-hoop, or ski pole, explore balance and body position while sliding. Start on flat terrain, and progress to slight inclines. Ensure that the terrain has a counter-slope to stop. If you have tools such as bindingless boards, boards with handles and sculpted Riglet Park terrain areas, use them to provide mileage in a stimulating environment.
使用可伸縮繩索、背心/安全帶、呼拉圈或滑雪杖等工具，探索滑行時的平衡與身體姿勢。從平地開始，逐步進入緩坡。確保地形有反坡以便停止。如果有無固定器滑雪板、帶把手的滑雪板及設計過的 Riglet 公園地形區，請利用它們在刺激的環境中增加練習時間。

3. Sliding / Straight Running and J-Turns
3. 滑行／直線滑行與 J 型轉彎

4. Mileage & Practice
4. 里程與練習

QUICKRIDE TOOL BOX快速騎乘工具箱

1. BASICS1. 基礎知識

• Handshakes, name game, nicknames
  握手遊戲、姓名遊戲、綽號
• Boot Game / Freeze Tag
  靴子遊戲／凍結捉人
• Yard Sale (find your equipment)
  院子大拍賣（找你的裝備）
• Relay races (running / walking in boots)
  接力賽跑（穿靴子跑步／走路）
• Obstacle Course (running / walking in boots and skating with board on)
  障礙賽（穿著靴子跑步／走路及穿著滑板滑行）

2. SLIDING2. 滑行

• Experiment with movements while straightrunning:
  嘗試在直線跑步時的各種動作：
• Tall / Small高／矮
• Imitate an Animal模仿動物
• Freestyle Grabs (nose/ tail)
  自由式抓板（抓鼻子／尾巴）
• Imagine riding a box or rail - draw shape in snow
  想像騎在箱子或欄杆上－在雪地上畫出形狀

3. CONTROL3. 控制

• Sideslipping:側滑：
• Gas Pedal (one-foot attached heelside edging)
  油門踏板（一腳固定後跟側刃邊緣）
• Red Light / Green Light
  紅燈／綠燈
• Squish bugs under heels and toes
  用腳跟和腳趾壓扁小蟲子
• Pendulum:擺錘：
• Markers / Targets標記／目標
• Obstacles (hoops, poles) to hop over and/or go around
  障礙物（圈圈、桿子）需跳過和／或繞過
  

  

4. TURNING4. 轉彎

• “Chicken Out” Turns (garland)
  「膽怯」轉圈（花環）
• Laser Guns (point with arms)
  雷射槍（用手臂指向）
• Dance Exercise (instructor assistance)
  舞蹈運動（教練協助）
• Magnet Hands (limited instructor assistance)
  磁力手（有限度教練協助）
• Hula Hoops (around waist with hands on hoops)
  呼拉圈（手放在呼拉圈上，圍繞腰部）

5. FLOW5. 流暢動作

• Bend & Stretch (flexion / extension in traverse)
  彎曲與伸展（橫向屈曲／伸展）
• Basketball Turns (extend at edge change, shoot, flex down)
  籃球轉身（在邊緣變換時伸展，投籃，向下屈曲）
• Turns with Elbows on Knees (low position, stability, turning with lower joints)
  肘部放在膝蓋上的轉彎（低姿勢、穩定性、利用下肢關節轉彎）
• Follow The Leader跟著領導者走
• Experiment with turn shapes - open, closed, big, small
  嘗試不同的轉彎形狀——開放式、封閉式、大轉彎、小轉彎
  

  

TEACHING INTERMEDIATE SKILLS
教學中階技巧

Groomed Terrain:整備過的地形：

• Pencil Lines (carving)鉛筆線（雕刻）
• Synchro Riding (with a partner)
  同步滑行（與夥伴一起）
• Flatland Tricks (nose/tail press, rotations, etc.)
  平地技巧（鼻壓／尾壓、旋轉等）
• Ollie Contest奧利比賽
• Hop Over Obstacle跳過障礙物
• Follow The Leader / Cat & Mouse
  跟隨領導者／貓捉老鼠
• Putt-Putt - slowest speed race
  慢速賽車

Freeride / Un-Groomed Terrain:
自由騎乘 / 未整備地形：

• Water in the Goggles (quiet upper body in bumpy terrain)
  護目鏡裡的水（崎嶇地形中保持上半身穩定）
• Turn around bumps繞過顛簸
• Turn on top of bumps
  在凸起物上方騎行
• Bumps as Jumps - getting air
  將顛簸當作跳躍——飛躍空中
• Double-Up’s雙人組合
• Secret Run - explore safe tree/ glade areas with partner
  秘密路線 - 與夥伴一起探索安全的樹林/空地區域
• Ride on banks and/or walls on the sides of runs
  在滑道兩側的斜坡和/或牆壁上騎行
• SBX trackSBX 賽道

Freestyle Manoeuvres:自由式動作：

• Hop Turns - hop over the edge change
  跳轉 - 跳過邊緣轉向
• Ollies & Nollies奧利跳與諾利跳
• Penguin Walk - on flat terrain
  企鵝步 - 在平坦地形上
• Basic boxes (surface level features only)
  基本動作（僅表面特徵）
• Straight Airs直線空中動作
• Grabs抓握動作
• Grab Turns抓握轉向
• Nose/tail presses and ‘butters’ on flat terrain
  在平坦地形上的鼻壓、尾壓和「奶油動作」

EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHILDREN
兒童裝備考量

Boots：雪鞋：

－Check student＇s boots to ensure they are tight enough， particularly in the heel so that heels aren＇t lifting on the toe edge．
－檢查學生的靴子是否夠緊，特別是腳跟部位，避免腳跟在腳尖邊緣翹起
－Boots that are too big will not allow for adequate control，and may be a safety risk if going on chairlifts （if feet can slip out）．
－過大的雪鞋無法提供足夠的控制力，且在搭乘吊椅時可能有安全風險（如果腳會滑出來）。
－Ensure boots are snug，bot not overly tight．
－確保雪鞋合腳，但不要過緊。

Bindings：綁帶：

－Be aware of how to perform basic adjustments． Note－each resort may have specific policies regarding adjusting student＇s equipment．
－了解如何進行基本調整。注意－每個滑雪場可能對學生裝備的調整有特定規定。
－Look for bindings with simple closure systems that are easy for kids to use（in mitts！）．
－選擇有簡單扣合系統的綁定，方便孩子們使用（即使戴著手套！）
－Check stance width and angles．Kids need a slightly wider base of support．Suggested angles are $+9/-9$$+9/-9$+9//-9+9 /-9 for beginners，and slightly directional for intermediate and advanced（＋15／－9）．
－檢查站姿寬度和角度。兒童需要稍寬一點的支撐基底。建議初學者角度為 $+9/-9$$+9/-9$+9//-9+9 /-9 ，中級和高級則稍微有方向性（＋15／－9）。
－Check to ensure that boots／bindings are centred in the toe／heel direction on the board．
－檢查靴子／綁帶是否在滑板的腳趾／腳跟方向上居中。

EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHILDREN（CONT．）
兒童裝備考量（續）

Boards：滑板：

－Looks for boards that are sized appropriately for the child．Children＇s boards shouldn＇t be a smaller version of an adult board．Flex，width，and length should match the student＇s physical size and skill level．
－尋找適合兒童尺寸的滑板。兒童滑板不應該只是成人滑板的縮小版。彈性、寬度和長度應符合學生的體型和技術水平。
－Newer riders may have more success with a shorter length，and progress to a longer board as skill increas－ es．
－新手騎士可能會在較短的滑板上更容易上手，隨著技術提升再換成較長的滑板
－Boards that are too long and heavy will be cumber－ some．
－過長且過重的滑板會讓人感到笨重不便。
－Look for boards with top sheet traction（stomp pad or grippe texture），as well as an aggressive base bevel to minimize edge catches．
－尋找表面有止滑設計（止滑墊或防滑紋理）的滑板，以及具有銳利底邊斜角的板子，以減少邊緣卡住的情況。
－Make sure to wax kid＇s boards！With their lower mass， gliding will be difficult if the board isn＇t tuned properly．
－務必替孩子的滑板打蠟！由於他們體重較輕，如果滑板沒有適當調整，滑行會很困難。