China Wants Countries to Unite Against Trump, but Is Met With Wariness
中国希望各国联合起来反对特朗普，但遭到警惕

China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, and his subordinates are mounting a diplomatic full court press to try to persuade other countries not to cave to pressure from the Trump administration on tariffs, hoping to show that China will not be isolated in the trade war.
中国最高领导人习近平和他的下属正在发起一场外交全场施压，试图说服其他国家不要屈服于特朗普政府在关税问题上的压力，希望表明中国不会在贸易战中被孤立。

In recent days, China’s commerce minister has held a video call with the European Union’s top trade official, pushing for closer cooperation. Chinese diplomats have been contacting officials in Tokyo and Seoul. And Mr. Xi landed in Vietnam and Malaysia on state visits this week where he was greeted with carefully choreographed crowds of supporters.
最近几天，中国商务部长与欧盟最高贸易官员举行了视频通话，推动更紧密的合作。中国外交官一直在联系东京和首尔的官员。本周，习在对越南和马来西亚进行国事访问时，受到了精心设计的支持者群体的欢迎。

At stake for Mr. Xi is the fate of the global trading system that propelled China’s rise as the world’s manufacturing powerhouse, as well as access to markets for many Chinese exports now that the United States has sought to cut them off with debilitating tariffs.
对习来说，利害攸关的是推动中国崛起为世界制造业强国的全球贸易体系的命运，以及许多中国出口产品进入市场的机会，因为美国试图用削弱性的关税来切断它们。

The outreach is also a test of China’s status as a global power in the face of what Beijing sees as an effort by Washington to contain and suppress its key rival. China has fought back against the Trump administration with its own eye-watering tariffs on U.S. goods, as well as restrictions on the export of some rare earth minerals and magnets that are vital for assembling cars, missiles and drones.
面对北京认为华盛顿遏制和压制其主要竞争对手的努力，这种接触也是对中国作为全球大国地位的一次考验。中国对特朗普政府进行了反击，对美国商品征收了令人瞠目结舌的关税 ，并限制了一些对组装汽车、导弹和无人机至关重要的稀土矿物和磁铁的出口。

To that end, Mr. Xi has tried to assemble a broader coalition to his side — hoping to keep countries from slapping tariffs of their own on Chinese products, or giving in to Washington’s demands to decouple from Chinese manufacturing.
为此，习试图组建一个更广泛的联盟——希望阻止各国对中国产品征收关税，或屈服于华盛顿与中国制造业脱钩的要求。

During his travels in Southeast Asia this week, he has depicted China as a leading defender of the global order and indirectly cast the United States as an unreliable player. In Hanoi, he urged Vietnam to join China in opposing “unilateral bullying.” In Kuala Lumpur, he urged Southeast Asian nations to also “reject decoupling, supply disruption,” and “tariff abuse.”
在本周访问东南亚期间，他将中国描绘成全球秩序的主要捍卫者，并间接将美国描绘成一个不可靠的参与者。在河内，他敦促越南与中国一起反对“单边霸凌”。在吉隆坡，他敦促东南亚国家也“拒绝脱钩、供应中断”和“关税滥用”。

“Chinese officials have quietly conveyed that the way the U.S. treats its longstanding allies and partners in Europe is a sign of what’s to come for Southeast Asia,” said Lynn Kuok, the Lee Kuan Yew Chair at the Brookings Institution in Washington. “With Trump’s steep, sweeping tariffs across the region, that message needs no reinforcement.”
“中国官员已经悄悄地表示，美国对待欧洲长期盟友和伙伴的方式预示着东南亚的未来，”华盛顿布鲁金斯学会（Brookings Institution）李光耀（Lee Kuan Yew）主席郭琳（Lynn Kuok）说。“随着特朗普在该地区征收高额、全面的关税，这一信息不需要强化。”

But Mr. Xi’s attempts at presenting China as a paragon of free trade and a champion of the rules-based international order ignores years of Beijing’s own coercive economic behavior and generous subsidies for select industries that have often alienated the country’s trading partners and neighbors. It partly explains why the world’s eroding trust in Washington has not immediately led to newfound alignment with Beijing — that, along with the risk of retribution from Mr. Trump for siding with China.
但是，习试图将中国描绘成自由贸易的典范和基于规则的国际秩序的捍卫者，却无视了北京多年来的胁迫性经济行为，以及对某些行业的慷慨补贴，这些行业往往疏远了中国的贸易伙伴和邻国。这在一定程度上解释了为什么世界对华盛顿的信任不断下降，并没有立即导致与北京的新结盟——与此同时，特朗普还冒着因站在中国一边而遭到报复的风险。

Already, the European Union, Japan and South Korea have pushed back at attempts by China to suggest that they had agreed with China to jointly fight back against Mr. Trump’s tariffs. European Union officials have instead emphasized their concerns about the dumping of Chinese goods in their market. Last week, Australia rejected a call by China’s ambassador, Xiao Qian, to “join hands” in rebuffing the Trump administration.
欧盟、日本和韩国已经抵制了中国暗示他们已与中国达成协议，共同反击特朗普关税的企图。相反，欧盟官员强调了他们对中国商品在其市场上倾销的担忧 。上周，澳大利亚拒绝了中国大使肖钱关于“联手”拒绝特朗普政府的呼吁。

These reactions to China’s entreaties show that “Beijing is not filling the vacuum of trust left by the U.S., just offering immediate relief from the shock therapy the Trump administration has forced upon the world,” said Rorry Daniels, the managing director of the Asia Society Policy Institute in New York.
对中国恳求的这些反应表明，“北京并没有填补美国留下的信任真空，只是立即缓解了特朗普政府强加给世界的休克疗法，”纽约亚洲协会政策研究所（Asia Society Policy Institute）常务董事罗里·丹尼尔斯（Rorry Daniels）说。

Mr. Xi’s long-planned trip to Vietnam this week, followed by a visit to Malaysia before a stop in Cambodia, has taken on more urgency for China now that President Trump is using his 90-day pause on his “Liberation Day” tariff hikes to press countries to negotiate trade deals with the United States. Mr. Trump, too, has shown urgency by inserting himself into trade negotiations on Wednesday with Japanese officials visiting Washington.
计划已久的习本周访问越南，随后访问马来西亚，然后访问柬埔寨，这对中国来说变得更加紧迫，因为特朗普总统正在利用他对“解放日”关税上调的 90 天暂停， 敦促各国与美国谈判贸易协议 。特朗普也表现出了紧迫性，他周三介入了与访问华盛顿的日本官员的贸易谈判。

Beijing’s fear, analysts say, is that these deals will isolate China by including agreements that choke off Chinese exports. That could be through coordinated tariffs, or a crackdown on Chinese companies transshipping their goods through third countries like Vietnam to obscure their true origin, or by targeting Chinese raw materials in exports headed to the United States.
分析人士表示，北京担心这些协议会包括扼杀中国出口的协议，从而孤立中国。这可能是通过协调关税，或者打击通过越南等第三国转运商品以掩盖其真实来源的中国公司，或者针对运往美国的中国原材料进行出口。

Vietnam lavished Mr. Xi with the rare honor of being greeted by a Vietnamese president on the airport tarmac when he arrived in the country on Monday. But Hanoi resisted agreeing with Mr. Xi’s boldest comments condemning protectionism, and ultimately signed onto a vague joint statement opposing “hegemonism and power politics” — an accusation that many in Vietnam assign to China during territorial disputes in the South China Sea.
周一，越南给习带来了难得的荣幸，在机场停机坪上受到了越南总统的欢迎。但河内拒绝同意习最大胆的谴责保护主义的言论，并最终签署了一份含糊不清的联合声明，反对“霸权主义和强权政治”——在南海的领土争端中，许多越南人都把这一指责归咎于中国。

For Vietnam, the threat of a 46 percent U.S. levy prompted teams of negotiators to head to Washington to make an appeal for lower tariffs. In a concession to Mr. Trump, the Vietnamese government this week promised to crack down on trade fraud — widely seen as a reference to companies shipping Chinese products through Vietnam to evade U.S. tariffs.
对越南来说 ，美国征收 46%关税的威胁促使谈判代表团队前往华盛顿 ，呼吁降低关税。作为对特朗普的让步，越南政府本周承诺打击贸易欺诈——这被广泛视为通过越南运送中国产品以逃避美国关税的公司。

Still, Mr. Trump kept the pressure on Hanoi, telling reporters on Monday that Mr. Xi’s meeting with Vietnam’s top leader, To Lam, was probably focused on how to “screw” America.
尽管如此，特朗普还是继续向河内施压，他周一告诉记者，习与越南最高领导人杜林郑月娥的会晤可能集中在如何“搞砸”美国。

“Hanoi is being careful not to signal a tilt too far toward Beijing, especially in areas that could displease the Trump administration,” said Nguyen Khac Giang, a visiting fellow at the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore. “Ultimately, Hanoi is still hedging between the world’s two great powers. But as the geopolitical climate hardens, the space to do so is rapidly shrinking.”
“河内正在小心翼翼地避免发出过于偏向北京的信号，尤其是在可能让特朗普政府不满的领域，”新加坡尤索夫·伊沙克研究所（ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute）的访问学者阮卡克江（Nguyen Khac Giang）说。“归根结底，河内仍在世界两个大国之间进行对冲。但随着地缘政治气候的加剧，这样做的空间正在迅速缩小。

Vietnam risks retaliation from its much bigger neighbor if Beijing determines that Hanoi is trying to curry favor with the Trump administration at China’s expense.
如果北京认定河内试图以牺牲中国为代价讨好特朗普政府，越南就有可能遭到其大得多的邻国的报复。

China placed tariffs of up to 100 percent on canola, pork and other foods from Canada last month in a clear warning to countries not to cooperate with Washington on trade.
上个月，中国对来自加拿大的油菜籽、猪肉和其他食品征收高达 100% 的关税，以明确警告各国不要在贸易方面与华盛顿合作。

To Beijing, if trading partners “pander to the United States, they will hurt China and at the same time, they will hurt their own country as well,” said Shen Dingli, a Shanghai-based international relations scholar.
对北京来说，如果贸易伙伴“迎合美国，他们就会伤害中国，同时，他们也会伤害自己的国家，”上海的国际关系学者沈丁利说。

That threat was reinforced on Sunday by Yuyuan Tantian, a blog affiliated with China’s state broadcaster, CCTV. China would not comment on talks between other countries and the United States, the post said. “But if anyone uses China’s interests as a token of allegiance to the United States, China will never agree!”
周日，中国国家电视台中央电视台（CCTV）下属的豫园探田博客强化了这一威胁。该帖子称，中国不会对其他国家与美国之间的谈判发表评论。“但如果有人利用中国的利益作为对美国的效忠象征，中国绝不会同意！”

The warning underscores how Beijing has been both courting and confronting its neighbors as President Trump has been recalibrating Washington’s place in the world. Mr. Xi’s expression of “deep friendship” with Vietnam during his visit came not long after China held live-fire drills in the Gulf of Tonkin to reassert its territorial claims in those waters over Hanoi.
这一警告突显了在特朗普总统重新调整华盛顿在世界上的地位之际，北京一直在讨好和对抗邻国。习在访问期间表达了与越南的“深厚友谊”，此前不久，中国在东京湾举行了实弹演习，以重申其在河内海域的领土主张。

Even if China fails to build a united front against the Trump administration’s tariffs, it would still benefit from making other countries think twice about aligning their trade policies with the United States, said Jonathan Czin, a fellow at the Brookings Institution who formerly worked in the Central Intelligence Agency and studies Chinese politics.
布鲁金斯学会（Brookings Institution）研究员乔纳森·钦（Jonathan Czin）曾就职于中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency），研究中国政治，他表示，即使中国未能建立反对特朗普政府关税的统一战线，它仍然会从让其他国家三思而后行中受益。

“Xi doesn’t necessarily need these countries to choose Beijing,” Mr. Czin said. “He just needs to prevent them from choosing Washington. That is part of why China’s ‘charm offensive’ has so far had such a dearth of charm.”
“习不一定需要这些国家选择北京，”钦说。“他只需要阻止他们选择华盛顿。这就是为什么中国的'魅力攻势'到目前为止如此缺乏魅力的部分原因。

Tung Ngo in Danang, Choe Sang-Hun in Seoul, Martin Fackler in Tokyo and Berry Wang in Hong Kong contributed reporting.
岘港的 Tung Ngo、首尔的 Choe Sang-Hun、东京的 Martin Fackler 和香港的 Berry Wang 对本文有报道贡献。