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Chapter 7 Training and Development

1. If employees consistently achieve their productivity objectives, it might be a signal that training is needed.
1.  如果员工始终如一地实现他们的生产力目标,这可能是一个需要培训的信号。

2. Training is oriented toward broadening employees' individual skills for future responsibilities.
2.  培训旨在拓宽员工的个人技能,以应对未来的责任。

3. U.S. businesses spend nearly ten times as much on formal instruction as they do on informal instruction.
3.  美国企业在正规教学上的支出几乎是非正式教学的十倍。

4. Without a systematic approach to training, many organizations find training to be a waste of money.
4.  如果没有系统的培训方法,许多组织发现培训是浪费金钱。

5. Contributing to an organization's overall strategic goals is the goal of training.
5.  为组织的整体战略目标做出贡献是培训的目标。

6. The three different types of training needs assessment are objectives, trainee readiness, and principles of learning.
6.  三种不同类型的培训需求评估是目标、学员准备情况和学习原则。

7. Performance appraisals are generally a good mechanism in determining why employees are not meeting the firm’s expectations when conducting a person analysis.
7.  绩效评估通常是一个很好的机制,可以确定员工在进行人员分析时为什么没有达到公司的期望。

8. As part of an overhaul of its training program, management at Sky Systems has created a task force to study the environment, strategies, and resources the firm faces in order to determine what training should be emphasized. This task force is conducting an organization analysis.
8.  作为其培训计划全面改革的一部分,Sky Systems 的管理层成立了一个工作组来研究公司面临的环境、战略和资源,以确定应该强调哪些培训。该工作组正在进行组织分析。

9. When conducting a training-needs assessment, Sky Systems found that a more flexible set of competencies is needed for performance. This finding would have occurred in the task analysis step of the assessment.
9.  在进行培训需求评估时,Sky Systems 发现需要一套更灵活的能力来执行任务。此发现可能发生在评估的任务分析步骤中。

10. Conducting a person analysis determines what the content of the training program should be by studying the tasks and duties involved in each job.
10.  进行人员分析通过研究每项工作所涉及的任务和职责来确定培训计划的内容应该是什么。

11. Instructional objectives are the formal statement of the desired outcomes of a training program
11. 教学目标是对培训计划预期结果的正式声明
.

12. As a visual learner, Sam learns best through pictures, diagrams, and demonstrations. 
12.  作为一名视觉学习者,Sam 通过图片、图表和演示学习得最好。 

13. Several employees at VirtualCorp have been identified as possible candidates for a training program. The training manager is meeting with them individually to find out if they have the knowledge and skills necessary to absorb the training. At this point, the manager is attempting to determine their trainee readiness.
13. VirtualCorp 的几名员工已被确定为培训计划的可能候选人。培训经理会与他们单独会面,以了解他们是否具备吸收培训所需的知识和技能。此时,经理正在尝试确定他们的实习生准备情况。

14. Psychological principles of learning refer to the characteristics of training programs that help employees grasp new material, make sense of it in their own lives, and transfer it back to their jobs.
14.  学习心理学原理是指帮助员工掌握新材料,在自己的生活中理解它,并将其传回工作岗位的培训计划的特点。

15. Explaining the goals and objectives of the training program to trainees has a motivational impact on the interest, understanding, and effort trainees direct toward the training.
15.  向受训者解释培训计划的目标和目标对受训者直接参与培训的兴趣、理解和努力具有激励作用。

16. Practicing job tasks enables the trainee to forget about distinct behaviors and become proficient on the subtleties of how they are used.
16.  练习工作任务使受训者能够忘记不同的行为,并熟练掌握如何使用它们的微妙之处。

17. Because Mel is a verbal learner, the most effective way to share information with Mel would be through spoken or written words.
17.  因为 Mel 是一个语言学习者,所以与 Mel 分享信息的最有效方式是通过口语或书面语言。

18. During training session, a trainer uses behavior modification by dispensing rewards such as praise to positively reinforce trainee behaviors.
18.  在培训课程期间,培训师通过给予奖励(如表扬)来积极强化受训者的行为。

19. The success of any training effort depends more upon the content of the program than on the teaching skills and personal characteristics of those conducting the training.
19.  任何培训工作的成功更多地取决于计划的内容,而不是进行培训的人员的教学技能和个人特征。

20. Providing individual assistance is an important aspect for successful trainers.
20.  提供个人帮助是成功培训师的一个重要方面。

21. On-the-job training is the least common means of facilitating learning at the workplace and therefore the most poorly implemented.
21.  在职培训是促进工作场所学习的最不常见的方式,因此实施得最差。

22. If one were using the on-the-job training method of training, the first step would be to show the learner the correct way to do the job.
22.  如果一个人使用在职培训方法,第一步是向学习者展示完成工作的正确方法。

23. Sky Systems has recently implemented a training program to prepare employees for skilled-trade positions at the company. The trainees receive on- and off-the-job instructions and are paid somewhat reduced wages that increase over time as their skills increase. This program is known as apprenticeship training.
23. Sky Systems 最近实施了一项培训计划,为员工在公司担任技能贸易职位做好准备。实习生接受在职和下班指导,并获得略有降低的工资,随着他们技能的提高,工资会随着时间的推移而增加。该计划称为学徒培训。

24. Trainers may observe trainees once they return to their positions in order to assess the transfer of training.
24.  培训师可以在学员返回岗位后观察他们,以评估培训的转移。

25. The principle of distributed learning states that spacing out the training will result in faster learning and longer retention.
25.  分布式学习的原则指出,间隔训练将导致更快的学习和更长的记忆时间。

26. Spot reward programs in which encouragement is immediately after a trainee successfully accomplishes a certain task serve to strengthen desired employee behaviors.
26.  现场奖励计划,其中在受训者成功完成某项任务后立即进行鼓励,以加强期望的员工行为。

27. In order to combine the company’s employee assessment tools and training functions with its e-learning system, VirtualCorp has purchased a learning management system.
27.  为了将公司的员工评估工具和培训功能与其电子学习系统相结合,VirtualCorp 购买了学习管理系统。

28. E-learning tends to be efficient and cost-effective because it allows a firm to bring the training to employees.
28.  电子学习 往往是高效且具有成本效益的,因为它允许公司将培训带给员工。

29. Evidence of the ROI of training programs in terms of improved customer satisfaction is available immediately.
29.  立即获得培训计划在提高客户满意度方面的投资回报率的证据。

30. Participants in a training program at Lako Systems examine the many variables at play in a situation and analyze and synthesize facts to better understand how decisions were made and thereby improve their own decision-making skills. These trainees are case-study participants
30. Lako Systems 培训计划的参与者检查情况中的许多变量,并分析和综合事实,以更好地了解决策是如何做出的,从而提高他们自己的决策能力。这些受训者是案例研究参与者
.

31. According to behavior modeling, behavior that is rewarded will be exhibited more frequently in the future, whereas behavior that is unrewarded will decrease in frequency.
31.  根据行为建模,获得奖励的行为在未来会更频繁地表现出来,而没有奖励的行为会减少频率。

32. Two criteria to evaluate training programs are costs and training materials.
32.  评估培训计划的两个标准是成本和培训材料。

33. Reaction measures to evaluate training typically focus on the entertainment value of the training program.
33.  评估训练的反应措施通常侧重于训练计划的娱乐价值。

34. To consider a training program at Sky Systems to be successful, senior management feel that employees who have gone through the program must demonstrate a level of skill above that of those who have not completed the program. This reflects an emphasis on the criterion of learning.
34.  要认为 Sky Systems 的培训计划是成功的,高级管理层认为,参加过该计划的员工必须表现出高于未完成该计划的员工的技能水平。这反映了对学习标准的重视。

35. Utility refers to measuring one's own training services against the leaders in their industry.
35.  效用是指将自己的培训服务与所在行业的领导者进行比较。

36. Return on investment refers to the utility a firm gets for resources used in training.
36.  投资回报是指公司从培训中使用的资源中获得的效用。

37. Benchmarking is concerned with measuring employee retention of training materials at specific points in time.
37.  基准测试涉及衡量员工在特定时间点对培训材料的保留率。

38. As a new employee, Jayden takes part in the firm’s orientation, which is the formal process of familiarizing new employees with the organization, their jobs, and their work units.
38.  作为一名新员工,Jayden 参加了公司的入职培训,这是让新员工熟悉组织、他们的工作和他们的工作单位的正式过程。

39. A company calculates its return on investment by dividing the benefits of training by its costs of training.
39.  公司通过将培训 收益除以培训成本来计算其投资回报率。

40. The term "orientation" is often used to describe almost any effort initiated by an organization to foster learning among its members.
40. “定向”一词通常用于描述一个组织为促进其成员之间的学习而发起的几乎所有努力。

41. Orientation programs, like other training programs, stress the "what" rather than the "why," including the philosophy behind the organization's rules.
41.  与其他培训计划一样,迎新计划强调“什么”而不是“为什么”,包括组织规则背后的理念。

42. Supervisors play the most important role in the orientation of new employees.
42.  主管在新员工的入职培训中起着最重要的作用。

43. Sky Systems has instituted a training program that helps employees improve their abilities in speaking, listening, problem-solving, working in teams, and leading other people. This would be considered training in basic skills that employees need for success.
43. Sky Systems 制定了一项培训计划,帮助员工提高口语、听力、解决问题、团队合作和领导他人的能力。这将被视为员工成功所需的基本技能培训。

44. Companies spend billions of dollars annually to provide basic skills training to employees deficient in reading, writing, and math skills.
44.  公司每年花费数十亿美元为缺乏阅读、写作和数学技能的员工提供基本技能培训。

45. A football coach has the team watch game tapes to see their errors and then follows that up with instructions on how to correct them. This is an example of a case study.
45.  足球教练让球队观看比赛录像带以查看他们的错误,然后跟进如何纠正错误。这是一个案例研究的示例。

46. Cross-training tends to increase both productivity and employee turnover.
46.  交叉培训往往会提高生产力和员工流失率。

47. Awareness building in diversity training provides employees with the KSAOs necessary for working with people who are different from them with regard to race, gender, or age.
47.  多元化培训中的意识建设为员工提供了与种族、性别或年龄不同的 人合作所需的 KSAO

48. The terms "training" and "development"
48.  术语“培训”和“发展”

49. VirtualCorp has its middle managers attend a two-day off-site training session in which they participate in a series of trust-building games. This is a type of
49. VirtualCorp 让其中层管理人员参加为期两天的场外培训课程,参加一系列建立信任的游戏。这是一种

50. Training is often ineffective because organizations fail to make the connection between training and
50.  培训往往是无效的,因为组织未能将培训和

51. The first step in a needs assessment is
51.  需求评估的第一步是

52. Sky Systems wants to train its salespeople to anticipate the questions that customers will ask as well as to better understand customer needs. One good training method for this would be
52. Sky Systems 希望培训其销售人员预测客户会提出的问题,并更好地了解客户需求。一种很好的训练方法是

53. Which of the following statements about organizations and their use of needs assessments is accurate?
53.  以下关于组织及其使用需求评估的陈述中哪一项是准确的?

54. Reviewing the job description and specifications to identify the activities performed in a particular job and the KSAOs needed to perform them is known as
54.  审查工作描述和规范以确定在特定工作中执行的活动以及执行这些 活动所需的 KSAO 称为

55. Terra Systems is looking to increase performance of employees in decision-oriented and knowledge-intensive jobs within the firm. In order to determine the training required, they are performing an analysis of the skills and knowledge needed for those jobs, also known as a
55. Terra Systems 正在寻求提高员工在公司内部以决策为导向和知识密集型工作中的绩效。为了确定所需的培训,他们正在对这些工作所需的技能和知识进行分析,也称为

56. Terra Systems is taking a strategic approach to training and development. Currently, the firm is engaged in organization analysis, task analysis, and person analysis. Which phase of the model is Terra Systems in?
56. Terra Systems 正在采取战略性的培训和发展方法。目前,该公司从事组织分析、任务分析和人员分析 。Terra Systems 处于模型的哪个阶段

57. To determine which of its employees require training and which do not, a company can use  
57.  为了确定哪些员工需要培训,哪些不需要,公司可以使用  

58. To collect detailed and sequenced information about a required task performance and the skills and knowledge for it can be accomplished through
58.  收集有关所需任务执行的详细和有序的信息,以及可以通过以下方式完成的技能和知识

59. The first step for an individual who is responsible for developing a training program is likely to be
59.  负责制定培训计划的个人的第一步可能是

60. Which of the following is a basic component of behavior modeling?
60.  以下哪一项是行为建模的基本组成部分?

61. Estimates put the amount of employee learning that occurs via on-the-job training at
61.  据估计,员工通过在职培训的学习量为

62. What does goal setting in the context of training provide?
62.  在培训中设定目标提供了什么?

63. What is the goal of modeling within the context of training?
63.  在训练环境中建模的目标是什么?

64. Dansen learned how to knit by watching YouTube videos and copying what the instructor did in the videos. This is an example of
64. Dansen 通过观看 YouTube 视频并复制教练在视频中所做的内容来学习如何编织。这是

65. Chris breaks down the task of disinfecting an exam room at a health clinic into its discrete steps. This type of learning is known as 
65. Chris 将健康诊所检查室消毒的任务分解为独立的步骤。这种类型的学习被称为 

66. Training given in one ten-hour period instead of five two-hour periods is an example of
66.  以 10 小时而不是 5 个 2 小时为周期进行培训是

67. Understudy assignments, job rotation, and junior boards are forms of training that fall into the category of
67.  替补作业、工作轮换和初级委员会是属于以下类别的培训形式

68. Jackie participated in a six-month training program. Over the course of the training, there were periods of time with no progress. On one occasion, this was clearly attributable to reduced motivation on Jackie’s part. Another time Jackie became discouraged by low task performance. These periods of time within the program are called
68. Jackie 参加了为期六个月的培训计划。在培训过程中,有一段时间没有进展。有一次,这显然是由于 Jackie 的积极性降低。还有一次,Jackie 因任务表现不佳而气馁。程序中的这些时间段称为

69. Learning curves show
69.  学习曲线显示

70. The objective of behavior modification is
70.  行为矫正的目标是

71. Terra Systems is updating a number of its procedures. The new procedures require learning new information but not developing any new skills. The most appropriate method for training employees in these updated procedures is
71. Terra Systems 正在更新其一些程序。新程序需要学习新信息,但不需要发展任何新技能。培训员工了解这些更新程序的最合适方法是

72. Which of the following statements best describes apprenticeship training programs?
72.  以下哪项陈述最能描述学徒培训计划?

73. Which of these training methods covers a wide variety of applications such as web and computer-based training (CBT) and social networks?
73.  这些培训方法中的哪一种涵盖了广泛的应用,例如基于网络和计算机的培训 (CBT) 以及社交网络?

74. E-learning provides which of the following benefits?
74.  在线学习提供以下哪些好处?

75. Fuller's Flight School trains students to operate airplanes before they ever enter the actual cockpit by using the
75.  富勒飞行学校 (Fuller's Flight School) 训练学生在飞机进入实际驾驶舱之前作飞机,方法是使用

76. As River takes on new tasks, River’s manager provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to River. They are engaging in what type of on-the-job training?
76.  当 River 承担新任务时,River 的经理会向 River 提供源源不断的指示、评论和建议。他们正在参加什么类型的在职培训?

77. Jules’s supervisor has started assigning tasks that are important functions of the supervisor's job. They both see this as a way to prepare Jules for promotion into a supervisory position. This type of training is known as
77. Jules 的主管已经开始分配作为主管工作重要职能的任务。他们都认为这是为 Jules 晋升为主管职位做准备的一种方式。这种类型的训练被称为

78. The method of providing a variety of hands-on work experiences to broaden the knowledge and understanding required to manage more effectively is known as
78.  提供各种实践工作经验以拓宽更有效管理所需的知识和理解的方法称为

79. Which of the following training methods consists of having the trainee assume the attitudes and behavior of others?
79.  以下哪种培训方法包括让受训者承担他人的态度和行为?

80. Sky Systems is committed to delivering training to its employees when and where they need it to do their jobs. Sky Systems has embraced
80. Sky Systems 致力于在员工需要的时间和地点为员工提供培训,以完成他们的工作。Sky Systems 已经接受了

81. Because different people learn better in different ways, companies often incorporate the use of both in-person classroom learning and online learning. This type of training is referred to as
81.  由于不同的人以不同的方式学习得更好,因此公司经常同时使用面对面的课堂学习和在线学习。这种类型的培训称为

82. Teaching individuals how to anticipate and cope with inevitable setbacks they will encounter on the job is the goal of
82.  教个人如何预测和应对他们在工作中遇到的不可避免的挫折是他们的目标

83. Utility refers to
83.  效用是指

84. Trainers at Terra Systems try to maximize the transfer of learning by demonstrating processes on the manufacturing floor rather than just describing them. This approach is known as
84. Terra Systems 的培训师试图通过在制造车间演示流程而不仅仅是描述它们来最大限度地转移学习。这种方法称为

85. Terra Systems studied the performance of 15 line workers who attended a training program and compared their performance with a control group of 15 workers who received OTJ training. The purpose of this comparison is to evaluate the training program on the criterion of
85. Terra Systems 研究了 15 名参加培训计划的生产线工人的表现,并将他们的表现与接受 OTJ 培训的 15 名工人的对照组进行了比较。此比较的目的是根据以下标准评估培训计划

86. Terra Systems invests a lot into recruiting new hires. To help reduce their risk of quitting, the company has a program that helps bring new hires into the organization’s fold so that they truly feel as if they are a part of it. This is known as
86. Terra Systems 在招聘新员工方面投入了大量资金。为了帮助降低他们辞职的风险,该公司制定了一项计划,帮助新员工加入组织的行列,让他们真正感到自己是组织的一部分。 这被称为

87. Basic skills training includes which of the following?
87.  基本技能培训包括以下哪一项?

88. When comparing employee literacy levels of 1970 and today, it can be said
88.  比较 1970 年和今天的雇员识字水平时,可以说

89. Which of the following are types of diversity training?
89.  以下哪些是多元化培训的类型?

90. Government contractors and subcontractors that meet which of the following thresholds are required by law to have business ethics codes and compliance policies and procedures?
90.  满足以下哪些门槛的政府承包商和分包商,法律要求制定商业道德准则和合规政策和程序?

91. The first step in task analysis is to
91.  任务分析的第一步是

92. An evaluation of the training program at Sky Systems revealed that the training was not implemented on the job because managers continued to reinforce the old routines. Senior management can overcome this problem by
92. Sky Systems 培训计划的评估表明,由于管理人员继续强化旧的常规,因此培训并未在工作中实施。高级管理层可以通过以下方式克服这个问题

93. Programmed instruction is also referred to as
93.  编程指令也称为

94. In calculating the firm's training costs, VirtualCorp was able to easily account for the direct costs of the programs. The calculations were somewhat misleading, however, because they left out the indirect costs associated with
94.  在计算公司的培训成本时,VirtualCorp 能够轻松核算这些项目的直接成本。然而,这些计算在某种程度上具有误导性,因为它们遗漏了与

95. Explain the four components involved in designing a training program.
95.  解释设计培训计划所涉及的四个组成部分。

96. Identify and discuss some of the desirable traits of a trainer.
96.  确定并讨论培训师的一些理想特征。

97. Briefly discuss the four basic criteria that are available to evaluate training.
97.  简要讨论可用于评估培训的四个基本标准。

98. Explain the PROPER method of on-the-job training.
98.  解释在职培训的正确方法。

99. Explain on-the-job training. Additionally, provide some suggestions to overcome the drawbacks related to on-the-job training.
99.  解释在职培训。此外,提供一些建议来克服与在职培训相关的缺点。

100. Why is ethics training becoming more prevalent in companies?
100.  为什么道德培训在公司中越来越普遍?