The Tathāgatagarbha Sütra is a short but extremely influential Mahäyāna Buddhist text that was probably composed sometime around the middle of the third century: C.E. It is the sūtra that introduced into the Mahāyāna tradition the notion of the tathägatagarbha, the idea that all beings have latent within themselves all the virtues of a buddha (tathāgata), but that those virtues are hidden by a covering (garbha) of passion and anguish (the so-called kleśas of greed, anger, lust, confusion, and so on). The central message of the sütra is that when those kleśas are removed, the buddhahood that is potential in all beings will be revealed. 《大方广佛华严经》是一部简短但极具影响力的大乘佛教典籍，大概创作于公元三世纪中叶：这本经书将 "大迦叶佛 "的概念引入了大乘佛教传统，即所有众生都潜藏着佛陀（大迦叶佛）的所有美德，但这些美德被激情和痛苦（所谓的贪、嗔、痴、惑等业障）所覆盖（garbha）。这部经文的中心思想是，当这些 "业 "被去除时，众生潜在的佛性就会显现出来。
The idea of the tathāgatagarbha was later to form the nucleus of the concept of buddha nature (buddhadhātu) in the Sino-Japanese Buddhist tradition. And concepts of both the tathägatagarbha and the buddha nature underwent extensive doctrinal development in important Mahãyāna sūtras and influential commentar-: ies. But whereas later treatises generally give a highly philosophical interpretation. to the tathägatagarbha, it is doubtful that any such sophisticated understanding was intended by the author(s) of the Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra. In the Tathāgatagarbha Sutra, the concept of the tathāgatagarbha is promulgated primarily to inspire beings with the confidence to seek buddhahood, and to persuade them that despite their poverty, suffering, and bondage to passion, they still have the capacity to attain the ultimate goal of Mahāyāna Buddhism, the perfect enlightenment of the Tathāgata. 大手印思想后来成为中日佛教传统中佛性（buddhadhātu）概念的核心。在重要的《大乘起信论》和有影响力的注释中，"大日如来 "和 "佛性 "的概念都经历了广泛的教义发展。但是，尽管后来的论著一般都对 "如来藏 "做出了高度哲学化的解释，《大智度论》的作者是否有意做出如此复杂的理解却令人怀疑。在《大方广佛华严经》中，"大方广佛 "的概念主要是为了激励众生寻求成佛的信心，并说服他们，尽管他们贫穷、受苦、被激情所束缚，但他们仍然有能力达到大乘佛教的终极目标，即 "大方广佛 "的圆满证悟。
The term tathāgatagarbha has often been translated by Western scholars as “matrix of the tathāgata,” but “matrix” does not exhaust the wide range of meanings of the Sanskrit term garbha. The author of the Tathāgatagarbha Sütra seems to have been well aware of this, since he employs many of these different meanings of garbha in the various similes with which he illustrates the meaning of the tathāgatagarbha. In its most common usage, garbha means “womb,” and the eighth simile of the sütra likens the tathägatagarbha to an impoverished, vile, and ugly woman who bears a noble, world-conquering king in her womb. But garbha can also mean “fetus,” so the garbha in the eighth simile may also refer to the son 西方学者经常将 tathāgatagarbha 译为 "如来藏的基体"，但 "基体 "一词并没有穷尽梵语 garbha 的广泛含义。陀罗尼经》的作者似乎很清楚这一点，因为他在说明 "陀罗尼 "含义的各种譬喻中使用了 garbha 的许多不同含义。在最常见的用法中，garbha 的意思是 "子宫"，经文的第八个譬喻将 "如来藏 "比喻为一个贫穷、卑鄙、丑陋的女人，她的子宫里孕育着一个高贵、征服世界的国王。但 garbha 也可以指 "胎儿"，因此第八个譬喻中的 garbha 也可以指儿子
who is within her womb. Garbha can also refer to the calyx of a flower, the cuplike leafy structure that enfolds the blossom, and the image in the sūtra’s opening scene of conjured buddha forms seated within lotus flowers seems to be predicated on this meaning. Garbha can also mean “inner room,” or “hidden chamber,” or “sanctuary” (as in the garbhagrha of a Hindu temple, which houses the image of the deity, or the rounded dome [garbha] of a Buddhist stūpa, which houses the precious relics of the Buddha). It is probably this meaning of garbha that the author of the sütra intends in the fifth simile of the sūtra, when he speaks of the tathāgatagarbha as being like a hidden chamber or a secret store of treasure hidden beneath the house of a poor man. (The Chinese may have had this simile in mind when they chose the term tsang, “secret store,” to translate garbha). Garbha can also refer to the outer husk that covers a fruit or seed or, by extension, to the seed itself. The third and sixth similes of the sūtra, which compare the tathägatagarbha to the useless husk surrounding an edible kernel of wheat and to the mango pit that can grow into the most regal of trees, make direct use of this sense. Finally, garbha can refer to the inside, middle, or interior of anything, and it is this widest meaning that the author of the sutra is employing when he likens the tathāgatagarbha to gold hidden inside a pit of waste, to honey hidden inside a swarm of angry bees, or to a golden statue hidden inside a wrapping of dirty rags or within a blackened mold. 在她的子宫里。迦叶也可以指花萼，即包住花朵的杯状叶片结构，《梵网经》开篇场景中幻化的菩萨坐在莲花中的形象似乎就是基于这一含义。Garbha 也可以指 "内室"、"密室 "或 "圣所"（如印度寺庙中供奉神像的 garbhagrha，或佛教寺院中供奉佛陀珍贵舍利的圆形穹顶 [garbha]）。经文的作者在经文的第五个譬喻中提到，"大迦叶"（tathāgatagarbha）就像一个藏在穷人家房子下面的密室或秘密宝藏，这可能就是 "迦叶"（garbha）的意思。(中国人在选择 tsang（"秘藏"）一词来翻译 garbha 时，可能就想到了这个比喻）。Garbha 也可以指包裹水果或种子的外皮，或者引申为种子本身。经文中的第三个和第六个譬喻直接使用了这一含义，这两个譬喻将 tathägatagarbha 比作围绕可食用麦粒的无用外皮，以及可以长成最高大树木的芒果核。最后，garbha 可以指任何事物的内部、中间或内部，《金刚经》作者将 "大方广佛 "比喻为藏在废物坑中的黄金、藏在愤怒的蜂群中的蜂蜜、藏在肮脏的破布包裹中或发黑的模具中的金像，正是使用了这一最广泛的含义。
The majority of the Tathägatagarbha Sūtra’s similes portray something extremely precious, valuable, or noble (such as buddhas, honey, kemels of wheat, gold, treasure, golden statues, or future princes), contained within something abhorrent and vile (such as rotting petals, angry bees, useless husks, excrement, poor hovels, dirty rags, soot-covered molds, and impoverished, ugly women). So the central meaning of the tathāgatagarbha concept is clear: within each and every person there exists something extremely valuable–the possibility of becoming a tathāgata-but that valuable potential for buddhahood is hidden by something vile-the sufferings and passions and vicissitudes of life. But to carry the interpretation further and to look for a deeper meaning to the tathāgatagarbha concept of this early text would probably be wrong, for when one looks more closely at the various similes used to illustrate the tathägatagarbha, certain inconsistencies begin to emerge. For example, although most of the similes portray the precious reality within as something already complete in itself, two of the similes clearly indicate that the precious reality will only reach its perfected state in the future. The conjured buddhas within the lotus flowers are already fully enlightened, the honey and the wheat kernel are already edible, the gold in the waste pit is already pure and in no need of refinement, and the golden statues are already fully cast, whereas, by contrast, it will take many years for the embryo in the poor woman’s womb to become a world conqueror, and more years still for the mango pit to become a full-grown tree. 如来藏经》中的大多数譬喻都描绘了一些极其珍贵、有价值或高贵的东西（如佛陀、蜂蜜、麦粒、黄金、宝藏、金像或未来的王子），而这些东西却包含在一些令人憎恶和卑鄙的东西之中（如腐烂的花瓣、愤怒的蜜蜂、无用的谷壳、粪便、简陋的小屋、肮脏的破布、布满煤灰的霉菌以及贫穷丑陋的女人）。因此，"无上正等正觉 "概念的核心含义是明确的：每个人的内心都存在着极其宝贵的东西--成为 "无上正等正觉 "的可能性，但这种宝贵的成佛潜能却被卑劣的东西--痛苦、激情和生活的沧桑--所掩盖。但是，如果我们进一步解释，并为这一早期文本中的 "如来藏 "概念寻找更深层次的含义，那可能是错误的，因为当我们更仔细地研究用来说明 "如来藏 "的各种譬喻时，就会发现某些不一致之处。例如，虽然大多数譬喻都将内在的宝藏实相描绘成本身已经圆满的东西，但有两个譬喻却清楚地表明，宝藏实相只有在未来才能达到圆满的境界。莲花中幻化的佛陀已经完全开悟，蜂蜜和麦粒已经可以食用，废坑中的金子已经纯净，无需再提炼，金像已经完全铸成，而相比之下，贫妇腹中的胚胎需要许多年才能成为世界的征服者，芒果坑需要更多年才能长成参天大树。
The text translated is the Chinese translation by Buddhabhadra, Taishō shinshūu daizōkyō (Tokyo, 1924-1934), 666, vol. 16, pp. 457al-460b20. 译文为佛陀的中译本，《大正新修大藏经》（东京，1924-1934 年），666，第 16 卷，第 457al-460b20 页。
The Mahāvaipulya Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra 《大毗婆沙论》（Mahāvaipulya Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
Thus have I heard. At one time the Buddha was staying on the Vulture Peak near Rājagrtha in the lecture hall of a many-tiered pavilion built of fragrant sandalwood. He had attained buddhahood ten years previously and was accompanied by an assembly of hundreds and thousands of great monks and a throng of bodhisattvas and great beings sixty times the number of sands in the Ganges River. All had perfected their zeal and had formerly made offerings to hundreds of thousands of myriad legions of buddhas. All could turn the irreversible wheel of the dharma. If a being were to hear their names, he would become irreversible in the highest path//Their names were Bodhisattva DharmaWisdom, Bodhisattva Lion-Wisdom, Bodhisattva Adamantine Wisdom (Vajramati), Bodhisattva Harmonious Wisdom, Bodhisattva Wonderful Wisdom, Bodhisattva Moonlight, Bodhisattva Jeweled Moon, Bodhisattva Full Moon, Bodhisattva Courageous, Bodhisattva Measureless Courage, Bodhisattva Transcending the Triple World, Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, Bodhisattva Mahāsthāmaprāpta, Bodhisattva Fragrant Elephant, Bodhisattva Fine Fragrance, Bodhisattva Finest Fragrance, Bodhisattva Main Treasury, Bodhisattva Sun Treasury, Bodhisattva Display of the Standard, Bodhisattva Display of the Great Standard, Bodhisattva Stainless Standard, Bodhisattva Boundless Light, Bodhisattva Bestower of Light, Bodhisattva Stainless Light, Bodhisattva King of Joy, Bodhisattva Eternal Joy, Bodhisattva Jeweled Hand, Bodhisattva Treasury of Space, Bodhisattva King of Light and Virtue, Bodhisattva Self-Abiding King of Dhāraṇīs, Bodhisattva Dhāraṇī, Bodhisattva Destroying All Ills, Bodhisattva Relieving All the Ills of Sentient Beings, Bodhisattva Joyous Thoughts, Bodhisattva Satisfied Will, Bodhisattva Eternally Satisfied, Bodhisattva Shining on All, Bodhisattva Moon Brightness, Bodhisattva Jewel Wisdom, Bodhisattva Transforming into a Woman’s Body, Bodhisattva Great Thunderclap, Bodhisattva Spiritual Guide, Bodhisattva Not Groundless Views, Bodhisattva Freedom in All Dharmas, Bodhisattva Maitreya, and Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī. There were also present bodhisattvas and great beings just like them from countless buddha lands, whose number equaled sixty times the number of sands in the Ganges River Together with an uncountable number of gods, nāgas, yakșas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas [all divine and quasi-divine beings), they all gathered to pay their respects and make offerings. 我是这样听说的。有一次，佛陀住在罗阇耶陀附近的鹫峰上，在一座用香檀木建造的多层楼阁的讲堂里。他已在十年前成佛，与他同行的有成百上千的高僧大德，以及六十倍于恒河沙数的菩萨和众生。他们都已精进不懈，曾经供养过数十万无量诸佛。所有人都能转动不可逆转的法轮。 他们的名字是法智菩萨、狮子智菩萨、金刚智菩萨、和合智菩萨、妙智菩萨、月光菩萨、宝月菩萨、满月菩萨、勇猛菩萨、无量勇猛菩萨、超越三界菩萨、观世音菩萨、大势至菩萨、香象菩萨、细香菩萨、最细香菩萨、菩萨主藏、菩萨日藏、菩萨示现标、菩萨示现大标、菩萨不坏标、菩萨无边光、菩萨无量光、菩萨无垢光、菩萨喜乐王、菩萨永恒喜乐、菩萨宝手、菩萨空间宝库、菩萨光明功德王、菩萨满足愿、菩萨永满足、菩萨照一切、菩萨月光明、菩萨宝智慧、菩萨化女身、菩萨大雷音、菩萨精神指引、菩萨非无地见、菩萨于一切法自在、菩萨弥勒、菩萨牟尼佛。 此外，还有来自无数佛国的菩萨和像他们一样的伟大众生，其数量相当于恒河沙数的六十倍，加上难以计数的天神、那伽、夜叉、干达罗、阿修罗、迦楼罗、金那罗和摩睺罗伽（所有神灵和准神灵），他们都聚集在一起，向他们致敬并供养。
At that time, the Buddha sat up straight in meditation in the sandalwood pavilion and, with his supernatural powers, put on a miraculous display. There appeared in the sky a countless number of thousand-petaled lotus flowers as large as chariot wheels, filled with colors and fragrances that one could not begin to enumerate. In the center of each flower was a conjured image of a buddha. The flowers rose and covered the heavens like a jeweled banner, each flower giving forth countless rays of light. The petals all simultaneously unfolded their splendor and then, through the Buddha’s miraculous powers, all. withered in an instant. Within the flowers all the buddha images sat cross- 当时，佛陀在檀香亭中端坐禅定，神通广大，大显神通。天空中出现了无数朵千瓣莲花，大如车轮，色香味俱全，数不胜数。每朵花的中央都幻化出一个菩萨的形象。花朵冉冉升起，像一面珠宝旗帜覆盖了整个天空，每朵花都散发出无数的光芒。花瓣同时展开绚丽的光彩，然后在佛祖的神奇力量下，所有花瓣瞬间凋零。在花丛中，所有的佛像都盘膝而坐
THE TATHĀGATAGARBHA SÜTRA 无量寿经
legged in lotus position, and each issued forth countless hundreds of thousands of rays of light. The adornment of the spot at the time was so extraordinary that the whole assembly rejoiced and danced ecstatically. In fact, it was so very strange and extraordinary that all began to wonder why all the countless wonderful flowers should suddenly be destroyed. As they withered and darkened, the smell they gave off was foul and loathsome. 他们在莲花座上盘腿而坐，每个人都发出了无数道光芒。当时现场的装饰是如此非凡，以至于整个集会都欢欣鼓舞，手舞足蹈。事实上，这一切是如此奇特和非凡，以至于所有人都开始怀疑，为什么无数的奇花异草会突然毁于一旦。随着花朵的枯萎和变黑，它们散发出的气味也变得恶臭难闻。
But at that point the World-honored One realized why the bodhisattvas were perplexed, so he addressed Vajramati (“Adamantine Wisdom”), saying, “O good son. If there is anything in the Buddha’s teaching that perplexes you, feel free to ask about it.” Bodhisattva Vajramati knew that everyone in the whole assembly was perplexed, and so addressed the Buddha, saying, “O Worldhonored One, why are there conjured buddha images in all of the innumerable flowers? And for what reason did they ascend into the heavens and cover the world? And why did the buddha images each issue forth countless hundreds of thousands of rays of light?” Everyone in the assembly looked on and then joined his hands together in respect. At that point, Bodhisattva Vajramati spoke in verses, saying: 这时，世尊明白了菩萨们感到困惑的原因，于是对金刚智（Vajramati）说："好孩子啊，如果佛陀的教诲中有什么让你们感到困惑的地方，请随时提出来。如果佛陀的教诲中有什么让你感到困惑的地方，请随时询问。"金刚手菩萨知道大家都很困惑，于是对佛陀说："世尊啊，为什么无量花中都有幻化的佛像？它们为什么会飞升到天上，覆盖整个世界？又为什么每一尊佛像都会发出无数道光芒？会场上的每个人都目不转睛地看着，然后双手合十，肃然起敬。这时，金刚手菩萨用偈语说道
Never ever have I witnessed 我从未目睹过
A miraculous display like today’s. 就像今天这样的奇迹。
To see hundreds of thousands and millions of buddhas 看到数十万、数百万的佛陀
Seated in the calyxes of lotus flowers, 坐在莲花的花萼中、
Each emitting countless streams of light, 每一个都发出无数的光流、
Filling all the fields, 填写所有字段、
Scattering the dirt of false teachers, 散播假教师的污垢
Adorning all the worlds! 点缀世界
The lotuses suddenly wilted; 荷花突然枯萎了；
There was not one which was not disgusting. 没有一个不令人作呕的。
Now tell us, 现在告诉我们
Why did you display this conjured vision? 你为什么要展示这个幻象？
We see buddhas more numerous than 我们看到的菩萨比
The sands of the Ganges, 恒河之沙
And incalculable transfigured forms. 以及不可估量的变形形式。
Never before have I seen 我从未见过
The like of what I am witnessing now. 就像我现在看到的一样。
I wish you would give us a clear explanation. 我希望你能给我们一个明确的解释。
At that time the World-honored One spoke to Vajramati and the other bodhisattvas, saying, “Good sons, there is a great vaipulya-sūtra called the ‘Tath bar(a)-\bar{a}- gatagarbha.’ It was because I wanted to expound it to you that I showed you these signs. You should all listen attentively and ponder it well.” All said, “Excellent. We very much wish to hear it.” 当时，世尊对金刚手和其他菩萨们说："善子们，有一部伟大的《大毗婆沙论》，名叫《大智度论》。正是因为我想向你们解释它，所以我向你们展示了这些迹象。你们都应该认真听讲，好好思考。"所有人都说："太好了。我们非常想听。"
The Buddha said, “Good sons, there is a comparison that can be drawn between the countless flowers conjured up by the Buddha that suddenly withered and the innumerable conjured buddha images with their many adorn- 佛陀说："诸位善子，佛陀幻化出的无数花朵突然凋谢，与无数幻化出的佛像及其众多的装饰品相比，这两者之间可以做一个比较。
ments, seated in lotus position within the flowers, who cast forth light so exceedingly rare that there was no one in the assembly who did not show reverence. In a similar fashion, good sons, when I regard all beings with my buddha eye, I see that hidden within the klessas of greed, desire, anger, and stupidity there is seated augustly and unmovingly the tathagata’s wisdom, the tathägata’s vision, and the tathāgata’s body. Good sons, all beings, though they find themselves with all sorts of kleśas, have a tathāgatagarbha that is eternally unsullied, and that is replete with virtues no different from my own. Moreover, good sons, it is just like a person with supernatural vision who can see the bodies of tathägatas seated in lotus position inside the flowers, even though the petals are not yet unfurled; whereas after the wilted petals have been removed, those tathaggatas are manifested for all to see. In similar fashion, the Buddha can really see the tathägatagarbhas of sentient beings. And because he wants to disclose the tathãgatagarbha to them, he expounds the sütras and the dharma, in order to destroy kleśas and reveal the buddha nature. Good sons, such is the dharma of all the buddhas. Whether or not buddhas appear in the world, the tathāgatagarbhas of all beings are eternal and unchanging. It is just that they are covered by sentient beings’ kleśas. When the Tathägata appears in the world, he expounds the dharma far and wide to remove their ignorance and tribulation and to purify their universal wisdom. Good sons, if there is a bodhisattva who has faith in this teaching and who practices it single-mindedly, he will attain liberation and true, universal enlightenment, and for the sake of the world he will perform buddha deeds far and wide.” 他们在花丛中莲花座上坐着，放出无比稀有的光芒，在场的人无不肃然起敬。同样，诸位善子，当我以佛眼观照众生时，我看到在贪、欲、嗔、痴的无明之中，庄严而不动地坐着如来的智慧、如来的光明和如来的身体。诸位善子，众生虽有种种刹土，但其如来藏永恒不坏，功德无量，与我无异。此外，诸位善子，这就像一个具有超自然视力的人，虽然花瓣尚未展开，却能看到莲花中坐着的诸佛菩萨的身体；而当枯萎的花瓣被揭开后，这些诸佛菩萨就会显现在众人面前。同样，佛陀也能真实地看到众生的如来藏。佛陀为了向众生揭示如来藏，便阐释经论和佛法，以破除小乘，显现佛性。善子，诸佛如是法。无论佛陀是否出现在世间，众生的如来藏都是永恒不变的。只是它们被众生的刹土所覆盖。补特伽罗出现在世间时，会将佛法广为传播，以消除众生的无明和苦难，净化他们的普世智慧。善子，若有菩萨信此教法，一心修持，必得解脱，证真普觉，为世间故，广行佛事"。
At that point, the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying: 在这一点上，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说
It is like the wilted flowers; 就像枯萎的花朵；
Before their petals have opened, 花瓣尚未开放
One with supernatural vision can see 拥有超自然视力的人可以看到
The unstained body of the Tathāgata. 大雄宝殿的无染之身。
After the wilted flowers are removed, 取出枯萎的花朵后
One sees, without obstacle, the Teacher, 人们毫无障碍地看到了老师、
Who, in order to sever kleśas, 谁，为了切断kleśas、
Triumphantly appears in the world. 胜利地出现在世界上。
The Buddha sees that all kinds of beings 佛见众生
Universally possess the tathägatagarbha. 普遍拥有无上正等正觉。
It is covered by countless kleśas, 它被无数的克勒希斯所覆盖、
Just like a tangle of smelly, wilted petals. 就像一簇簇发臭、枯萎的花瓣。
So I, on behalf of all beings, 因此，我代表所有众生
Everywhere expound the true dharma, 处处阐扬真正的佛法、
In order to help them remove their kleśas 为了帮助他们消除这些障碍
And quickly reach the buddha way. 并迅速达到佛道。
I see with my buddha eye 我以佛眼观照
That in the bodies of all beings 众生体内
There lies concealed the buddhagarbha, 这里隐藏着佛陀、
So I expound the dharma in order to reveal it. 因此，我阐释佛法是为了揭示它。
THE TATHĀGATAGARBHA SUTRA 大方广佛华严经
“Or good sons, it is like pure honey in a cave or a tree, surrounded and protected by a countless swarm of bees. It may happen that a person comes along who knows some clever techniques. He first gets rid of the bees and takes the honey, and then does as he will with it, eating it or giving it away far and wide. Similarly, good sons, all sentient beings have the tathāgatagarbha. It is like pure honey in a cave or tree, but it is covered by kleśas, which, like a swarm of bees, keep one from getting to it. With my buddha eye I see it clearly, and with appropriate skillful techniques I expound the dharma, in order to destroy klesas and reveal the buddha vision. And everywhere I perform buddha deeds for the benefit of the world.” Thereupon the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying: "还是好孩子，它就像山洞里或树上的纯净蜂蜜，被无数的蜂群包围和保护着。可能会有一个懂得一些巧妙技巧的人出现。他先把蜜蜂赶走，取走蜂蜜，然后随心所欲地享用它，或把它吃掉，或把它送给远方的人。同样，好孩子们，所有众生都有 "如来藏"。它就像山洞或树上的纯净蜂蜜，但被 "克利希沙 "所覆盖，就像一群蜜蜂，让人无法接近。我用佛眼将它看得清清楚楚，并以适当的技巧阐释佛法，以摧毁业障，显露佛眼。我随处行持佛法，造福世人"。于是，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说：
It is just like what happens when the honey in a cave or tree, 这就像洞穴或树上的蜂蜜一样、
Though surrounded by countless bees, 虽然被无数蜜蜂包围、
Is taken by someone who knows a clever technique 被懂得巧妙技巧的人拿走
To first get rid of the swarm. 首先要赶走蜂群。
The tathāgatagarbha of sentient beings 众生的如来藏
Is like the honey in a cave or tree. 就像洞穴或树上的蜂蜜。
The entanglement of ignorance and tribulation 无知与磨难的纠缠
Is like the swarm of bees 就像蜂群
That keep one from getting to it. 这让人无法接近它。
For the sake of all beings, 为了众生
I expound the true dharma with skillful means, 我用巧妙的方法阐释真正的佛法、
Removing the bees of kleśas, 清除克勒希斯的蜜蜂、
Revealing the tathāgatagarbha. 揭示 "如来藏"。
Endowed with eloquence that knows no obstacle, 拥有无坚不摧的口才、
I preach the dharma of sweet dew, 我宣扬甘露法门、
Compassionately relieving sentient beings, 慈悲救济众生、
Everywhere helping them to true enlightenment. 处处帮助他们获得真正的启迪。
“Or, good sons, it is like a kernel of wheat that has not yet had its husk removed. Someone who is impoverished might foolishly disdain it, and consider it to be something that should be discarded. But when it is cleaned, the kernel can always be used. In like fashion, good sons, when I observe sentient beings with my buddha eye, I see that the husk of kleśas covers their limitless tathägata vision. So with appropriate skillful means I expound the dharma, to enable them to remove those kleśas, purify their universal wisdom, and to attain in all worlds the highest true enlightenment.” Thereupon, the Worldhonored One expressed this in verses, saying: "或者，好孩子们，这就像一粒尚未去壳的麦子。贫穷的人可能会愚蠢地对它不屑一顾，认为它是应该丢弃的东西。但是，当麦粒被清洗干净后，它就可以一直被利用。同样，好孩子们，当我用佛眼观察众生时，我发现克利希斯的外壳遮住了他们无尽的如来藏。因此，我用适当的善巧手段阐释佛法，让他们消除这些障蔽，净化普贤智慧，在一切世间获得无上正等正觉。于是，世尊用诗句表达了这一观点，说道
It is just like what happens when all the kernels, 这就像所有的果核都会发生什么一样、
The husks of which have not yet been washed away, 其外壳尚未被洗去、
Are disdained by someone who is impoverished, 被贫穷的人不屑一顾、
And said to be something to be discarded. 还说是要丢弃的东西。
But although the outside seems like something useless, 不过，虽然外表看起来没什么用、
The inside is genuine and not to be destroyed. 里面的东西是真的，不能毁坏。
After the husks are removed, 去壳后
It becomes food fit for a king. 它成为适合国王享用的食物。
I see that all kinds of beings 我看到各种生命
Have a buddhagarbha hidden by kleśas. 有一尊被克勒希斯藏起来的佛像。
I preach the removal of those things 我宣扬消除这些东西
To enable them to attain universal wisdom. 让他们获得普遍的智慧。
Just as I have a tathāgata nature, 就像我拥有大智大慧的本性一样、
So do all beings. 众生亦然。
When they develop it and purify it, 当他们发展它、净化它的时候、
They quickly attain the highest path. 他们很快就能达到最高境界。
“Or, good sons, it is like genuine gold that has fallen into a pit of waste and been submerged and not seen for years. The pure gold does not decay, yet no one knows that it is there. But suppose there came along someone with supernatural vision, who told people, ‘Within the impure waste there is a genuine gold trinket. You should get it out and do with it as you please.’ Similarly, good sons, the impure waste is your innumerable kleśas. The genuine gold trinket is your tathāgatagarbha. For this reason, the Tathāgata widely expounds the dharma to enable all beings to destroy their kleśas, attain true enlightenment, and perform buddha deeds.” "或者，好孩子们，这就像真正的金子掉进了垃圾坑，被淹没，多年不见。纯金不会腐朽，却无人知晓它的存在。但是，假设有一个具有超自然洞察力的人出现了，他告诉人们：'在不纯净的废物中，有一个真正的金饰。你们应该把它拿出来，随意处置。'同样，好孩子们，不纯净的废物就是你们无数的克尔希斯。真正的金饰是你的 "如来藏"。因此，如来广泛阐释佛法，使众生能够破除烦恼，获得真正的觉悟，并行菩萨道"。
At that time the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying: 当时，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说
It is just like what happens when gold is submerged 这就像黄金被淹没时发生的情况一样
In impure waste, where no one can see it. 在不洁的垃圾中，在无人能看到的地方。
But someone with supernatural vision sees it 但拥有超自然视力的人看到了
And tells people about it, saying 并告诉人们说
‘If you get it out and wash it clean, '如果你把它取出来洗干净、
You may do with it as you will,’ 你可以随意处置它'。
Which causes their relatives and family to all rejoice. 这让他们的亲戚和家人无不欢欣鼓舞。
The Well-departed One’s vision is like this. 逝去之人的愿景是这样的
He sees that for all kinds of beings, 他看到了各种众生、
The tathāgata nature is not destroyed, 如来藏性不灭、
Though it is submerged in the muddy silt of kleśas. 尽管它淹没在克勒希斯的泥泞淤泥中。
So he appropriately expounds the dharma 因此，他恰当地阐释了佛法
And enables them to manage all things, 并使他们能够管理一切、
So that the kleśas covering the buddha nature 这样，覆盖佛性的小乘人
Are quickly removed and beings are purified. 迅速清除，净化众生。
"Or, good sons, it is like a store of treasure hidden beneath an impoverished household. The treasure cannot speak and say that it is there, since it isn’t conscious of itself and doesn’t have a voice. So no one can discover this treasure store. It is just the same with sentient beings. But there is nothing that the power of the Tathägata’s vision is afraid of. The treasure store of the great dharma is within sentient beings’ bodies. It does not hear and it is not aware of the addictions and delusions of the five desires. The wheel of samsāra turns and beings are subjected to countless sufferings. Therefore buddhas appear in "或者，好孩子们，这就像藏在贫困家庭下面的宝藏。宝藏不能说话，不能说它在那里，因为它没有自己的意识，没有声音。因此，没有人能发现这个宝藏。众生也是一样。但是，补特伽罗的洞察力无所畏惧。大法宝藏就在众生体内。它不闻也不觉五欲的沉迷和妄念。三摩地轮转，众生受无量苦。因此，菩萨出现在
THE TATHĀGATAGARBHA SUTRA 大方广佛华严经
the world and reveal to them the dharma store of the tathāgata in their bodies. And they believe in it and accept it and purify their universal wisdom. Everywhere on behalf of beings he reveals the tathāgatagarbha. He employs an eloquence which knows no obstacle on behalf of the Buddhist faithful. In this way, good sons, with my buddha eye I see that all beings possess the tathāgatagarbha. And so on behalf of bodhisattvas I expound this dharma." At that point, the Tathāgata expressed himself in verses, saying: 他们相信并接受，净化了他们的普世智慧。他们信受奉行，清净普贤智慧。他处处为众生开示如来藏。他以无碍的辩才，为佛教信众说法。诸位善子，我以佛眼看到众生皆具足如来藏。因此，我代表菩萨们阐释此法"。说到这里，大迦叶用偈语表达了自己的意思，他说："我以佛眼，见一切众生，皆具如来藏：
It is like a store of treasure 它就像一座宝库
Inside the house of an impoverished man. 一个穷人的家。
The owner is not aware of it, 业主并不知情、
Nor can the treasure speak. 宝藏也不会说话。
For a very long time it is buried in darkness, 在很长一段时间里，它都被埋没在黑暗之中、
As there is no one who can tell of its presence. 因为没有人知道它的存在。
When you have treasure but do not know of it, 当你拥有宝藏却不知道的时候、
This causes poverty and suffering. 这造成了贫困和痛苦。
When the buddha eye observes sentient beings, 佛眼观察众生时、
It sees that, although they transmigrate 它看到，虽然它们会迁徙
Through the five realms of reincarnation, 穿越五界轮回、
There is a great treasure in their bodies 他们的身体里蕴藏着巨大的宝藏
That is eternal and unchanging. 这是永恒不变的。
When he sees this, the Buddha 看到这里，佛陀
Teaches on behalf of all beings, 代表众生传授知识
Enabling them to attain the treasure-store of wisdom, 使他们能够获得智慧宝库、
And the great wealth of widely caring for one another. 以及广泛相互关爱的巨大财富。
If you believe what I have taught you 如果你们相信我教给你们的东西
About all having a treasure store, 关于都有一个藏宝库
And practice it faithfully and ardently, 并忠实而热烈地实践它、
Employing skillful means, 运用巧妙的手段、
You will quickly attain the highest path. 你将很快达到最高境界。
“Or, good sons, it is like the pit inside a mango (ämra) fruit which does not decay. When you plant it in the ground, it grows into the largest and most regal of trees. In the same manner, good sons, when I look at sentient beings with my buddha vision, I see that the tathägatagarbha is surrounded by a husk of ignorance, just as the seeds of a fruit are only found at its core. Good sons, that tathāgatagarbha is cold and unripe. It is the profound quiescence of nirvanna that is brought about by great wisdom. It is called the truly enlightened one, the tathāgata, the arhat, and so on. Good sons, after the Tathāgata has observed sentient beings, he reveals this message in order to purify the wisdom of bodhisattvas and great beings.” "或者，好孩子们，这就像芒果（ämra）果实里的果核，不会腐烂。当你把它种在地里，它会长成最大、最威严的树。同样，好孩子们，当我用佛眼观察众生时，我看到无明的外壳包围着如来藏，就像果实的种子只有在果核里才能找到一样。好孩子们，无明果是冰冷的，尚未成熟。它是由大智慧带来的涅槃的深邃静寂。它被称为真正的觉悟者、如来、阿罗汉等等。善子，如来观察众生后，为净诸菩萨及大众生智，开示此法"。
At that point, the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying: 在这一点上，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说
It is just like the pit of a mango fruit 就像芒果的果核一样
Which does not decay. 它不会腐烂。
Plant it in the earth 把它种在土里
And inevitably a great tree grows. 一棵大树不可避免地生长起来。
The Tathāgata’s faultless vision 大迦叶的无瑕之眼
Sees that the tathägatagarbha 看到无上正等正觉
Within the bodies of sentient beings 在众生体内
Is just like the seed within a flower or fruit. 就像花朵或果实中的种子一样。
Though ignorance covers the buddhagarbha, 虽然无明覆盖了菩萨、
You ought to have faith and realize 你应该有信心，并认识到
That you are possessed of samādhi wisdom, 你拥有三摩地智慧、
None of which can be destroyed. 它们都无法被摧毁。
For this reason I expound the dharma 为此，我阐释佛法
And reveal the tathāgatagarbha, 揭示如来藏、
That you may quickly attain the highest path, 让你们尽快走上最高的道路、
Just as a fruit grows into the most regal of trees. 就像一颗果实长成最高贵的树木一样。
“Or, good sons, it is like a man with a statue of pure gold, who was to travel through the narrow roads of another country and feared that he might be victimized and robbed. So he wrapped the statue in worn-out rags so that no one would know that he had it. On the way the man suddenly died, and the golden statue was discarded in an open field. Travelers trampled it and it became totally filthy. But a person with supernatural vision saw that within the worm-out rags there was a pure gold statue, so he unwrapped it and all paid homage to it. Similarly, good sons, I see the different sentient beings with their many kleśas, transmigrating through the long night of endless samsāra, and 1 perceive that within their bodies is the wondrous garbha of the tathāgata. They are august and pure and no different from myself. For this reason the Buddha expounds the dharma for sentient beings, that they might sever those klesas and purify their tathāgata wisdom. I turn the wheel of the dharma again and again in order to convert all worlds.” "或者，好孩子们，这就好比一个人有一尊纯金雕像，他要在另一个国家的狭窄道路上旅行，担心会被人抢劫。于是，他用破布把雕像裹起来，不让人知道他带着雕像。途中，这个人突然死去，金像被丢弃在一片空地上。旅行者践踏了它，它变得污秽不堪。但是，一个具有超自然视力的人看到，在被虫蛀过的破布里有一尊纯金雕像，于是他解开了雕像的包装，所有人都向它表示敬意。同样，好孩子们，我看到不同的有情众生带着他们的众多刹土，在无尽的三摩地长夜中轮回，我觉察到他们的身体里藏着如来的妙衣。他们庄严清净，与我无异。因此，佛陀为众生阐释佛法，让他们断除这些业障，净化他们的如来智慧。我为皈依一切世间而不断转法轮"。
At that point, the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying: 在这一点上，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说
It is like a traveler to another country 就像一个旅行者来到另一个国家
Carrying a gold statue, 扛着一尊金像
Who wraps it in dirty, worn-out rags 谁用肮脏破旧的抹布包裹它
And discards it in an unused field. 并将其丢弃在一个未使用的字段中。
One with supernatural vision sees it 拥有超自然视力的人可以看到
And tells other people about it. 并告诉其他人。
They remove the dirty rags and reveal the statue 他们揭开脏布，露出雕像
And all rejoice greatly. 所有人都欢欣鼓舞。
My supernatural vision is like this. 我的超自然愿景是这样的
I see that beings of all sorts 我看到各种各样的生命
Are entangled in kleśas and evil actions 被妄念和恶行缠绕
And are plagued with all the sufferings of samsära. 并被萨姆沙拉的一切苦难所困扰。
Yet I also see that within 但我也看到，在
The dust of ignorance of all beings, 众生的无明之尘、
The tathägata nature sits motionless, 如来藏性静坐不动、
Great and indestructible. 伟大而坚不可摧。
After I have seen this, 我看过之后
I explain to bodhisattvas that 我向菩萨们解释说
Kleśas and evil actions 克利希斯和邪恶行为
Cover the most victorious body. 覆盖最胜利的躯体
You should endeavor to sever them, 你应该努力切断它们、
And manifest the tathāgata wisdom. 彰显如来智慧。
It is the refuge of all- 它是所有人的避难所
Gods, men, nāgas, and spirits. 神、人、纳气和精灵。
“Or, good sons, it is like a woman who is impoverished, vile, ugly, and hated by others, who bears a noble son in her womb. He will become a sage king, a ruler of all the four directions. But she does not know his future history, and constantly thinks of him as a base-born, impoverished child. In like fashion, good sons, the Tathāgata sees that all sentient beings are carried around by the wheel of samsāra, receiving suffering and poison, but their bodies possess the tathägata’s treasure store. Just like that woman, they do not realize this. This is why the Tathägata everywhere expounds the dharma, saying, ‘Good sons, do not consider yourselves inferior or base. You all personally possess the buddha nature.’ If you exert yourselves and destroy your past evils, then you will receive the title of bodhisattvas or world-honored ones, and convert and save countless sentient beings.” "或者，好儿子们，这就像一个贫穷、卑鄙、丑陋、遭人憎恨的女人，腹中却怀着一个高贵的儿子。他将成为圣王，统治四方。但她不知道他未来的来历，总是把他当成一个出身卑微、一贫如洗的孩子。好孩子们，如来佛祖看到众生被三摩地轮转，受苦受毒，但他们的身体却拥有如来佛祖的宝藏。就像那个女人一样，他们并没有意识到这一点。这就是为什么补特伽罗到处宣讲佛法，说：'善子们，不要认为自己低劣或卑贱。你们都具有佛性。'只要你们努力修行，消灭过去的罪恶，就能获得菩萨或世尊的称号，皈依并拯救无数众生。
At that point, the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying: 在这一点上，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说
It is like an impoverished woman 就像一个贫穷的女人
Whose appearance is common and vile, 他的外表普通而卑鄙、
But who bears a son of noble degree 但谁又能生下高贵的儿子
Who will become a universal monarch. 谁将成为普世君主
Replete with seven treasures and all virtues, 七宝俱全，万德齐备、
He will possess as king the four quarters of the earth. 他将以国王的身份拥有四方的土地。
But she is incapable of knowing this 但她不可能知道这一点
And conceives only thoughts of inferiority. 只会产生自卑的想法。
I see that all beings 我看到众生
Are like infants in distress 就像受难的婴儿
Within their bodies is the tathägatagarbha, 在他们的身体里就是 "如来藏"、
But they do not realize it. 但他们并没有意识到这一点。
So I tell bodhisattvas, 所以我告诉菩萨们
‘Be careful not to consider yourselves inferior. 小心不要认为自己低人一等。
Your bodies are tathāgatagarbhas; 你们的身体是 "塔塔嘎巴"（tathāgatagarbhas）；
They always contain 它们总是包含
The light of the world’s salvation.’ 世界的救赎之光'。
If you exert yourselves 如果你们努力
And do not spend a lot of time 不要花费大量时间
Sitting in the meditation hall, 坐在冥想厅里
You will attain the path of very highest realization 你将走上最高觉悟之路
And save limitless beings. 拯救无量众生
“Or, good sons, it is like a master foundryman casting a statue of pure gold. After casting is complete, it is inverted and placed on the ground. Although the outside is scorched and blackened, the inside is unchanged. When it is opened and the statue taken out, the golden color is radiant and dazzling. Similarly, good sons, when the Tathāgata observes all sentient beings, he sees that the buddhagarbha is inside their bodies replete with all its many virtues. After seeing this, he reveals far and wide that all beings will obtain relief. He removes kleśas with his adamantine wisdom, and reveals the buddha body like a person uncovering a golden statue.” "或者说，好孩子们，这就像铸造大师在铸造一尊纯金雕像。铸造完成后，倒置在地上。虽然外面被烧焦变黑，但里面却没有任何变化。当把它打开，取出雕像时，金色光芒四射，耀眼夺目。同样，善子们，当如来观察众生时，会发现佛陀就在众生的身体里，并具有种种功德。看到这一点后，他便广为传播，使众生获得解脱。他以金刚般若智慧除去烦恼，如人揭开金像般显现佛身"。
At that point, the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying. 在这一点上，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说
It is like a great foundry 它就像一个巨大的铸造厂
With countless golden statues. 有无数的金色雕像。
Foolish people look at the outside 愚蠢的人只看外表
And see only the darkened earthen molds. 只看到漆黑的土模。
The master foundryman estimates that they have cooled, 铸造大师估计它们已经冷却、
And opens them to extract their contents. 并打开它们，提取其中的内容。
All impurity is removed 清除所有杂质
And the features clearly revealed. 特征清晰可见。
With my buddha vision 用我的佛光
I see that all sentient beings are like this. 我看到所有众生都是如此。
Within the mud shell of passions, 在激情的泥壳里
All have the tathāgata-nature. 所有人都有 "如来藏性"。
By means of adamantine wisdom, 通过金刚智慧、
We break the mold of kleśas 我们打破传统
And reveal the tathāgatagarbha, 揭示如来藏、
Like pure, shining gold. 就像纯净闪亮的金子。
Just as I have seen this 正如我所看到的
And so instructed all the bodhisattvas, 所有的菩萨都是这样受教的、
So should you accept it, 你也应该接受它、
And convert in turn all other beings. 进而皈依其他众生。
At that point, the World-honored One spoke to Vajramati and the other bodhisattvas and great beings, saying, “Whether you are monks or laypersons, good sons and daughters, you should accept, recite, copy, revere, and widely expound this Tathāgatagarbha Süträ for the benefit of others. The virtues that you will derive from it are inestimable. Vajramati, if there were a bodhisattva who, for the sake of the buddha path, worked diligently and assiduously, or who cultivated spiritual powers, or who entered all of the samādhis, or who desired to plant the roots of virtue, or who worshiped the buddhas of the present, more numerous than the sands of the Ganges River, or who erected more seven-jeweled stūpas than there are sands in the Ganges River, of a height 这时，世尊对金刚手和其他菩萨及大众生说："无论你们是僧人还是俗人，是善子还是善女，都应该接受、诵读、抄写、尊崇并广为传播《大智度论》，以利他人。你们将从中获得不可估量的功德。金刚手，如果有一位菩萨，为了佛道而精勤不懈，或修持灵力，或入一切三昧，或想要种下善根，或供奉比恒河沙数还多的现世诸佛，或树立比恒河沙数还多的七宝佛塔，高度为
of ten yojanas [one yojana equals about nine miles] and a depth and breadth of one yojana, or who set up in those stūpas seven-jeweled couches covered with divine paintings, or who daily erected for each buddha more sevenJeweled stūpas than there are sands in the Ganges River, and who presented them to each tathāgata and bodhisattva and srāvaka in the assembly, or who did this sort of thing everywhere for all the present-day buddhas, whose number is greater than the sands of the Ganges River, or who erected fifty times more jeweled stūpas than there are sands in the Ganges River and who presented them as an offering to fifty times more buddhas and bodhisattvas and srāvakas in the assembly than there are sands in the Ganges River, and who did this for countless hundreds and thousands and tens of thousands of eons, o Vajramati, that bodhisattva would still not be the equal of the person who finds joy and enlightenment in the Tathägatagarbhä Sütra, who accepts it, recites it, copies it, or even réveres but a single one of its metaphors. O Vajramati, even though the number of good roots and virtues planted by those good sons on behalf of the buddhas is incalculable, it does not come to a hundredth or a thousandth or any possible calculable fraction of the number of virtues attained by the good sons and daughters who revere the Tathāgatagarbha Sütra.” 或在这些佛塔中设置七宝宝座，上面绘有神画，或每天为每一位菩萨设置的七宝佛塔比恒河中的沙子还要多、或为现今的所有菩萨到处做这样的事，他们的数量比恒河沙还要多、或为比恒河沙还要多五十倍的诸佛、菩萨和沙弥树立宝塔，并将其作为供品献给比恒河沙还要多五十倍的大会中的诸佛、菩萨和沙弥、金刚手啊！如果有人在数百、数千、数万个恒河沙数的时间里一直这样做，那么，这位菩萨也比不上那些在《大悲咒》中获得喜悦和觉悟的人，因为他只是接受、背诵、抄写，甚至只是重复其中的一个比喻。金刚手啊！即使那些善子为诸佛种下的善根和功德的数量无法计算，也不及崇敬《大悲咒》的善子善女所获得的功德数量的百分之一、千分之一或任何可能计算的零头。
At that point, the World-honored One expressed himself in verses, saying: 在这一点上，世尊用诗句表达了自己的观点，他说
If there is a person seeking enlightenment 如果有人寻求启迪
Who listens to and accepts this sūtra, 聆听并接受这首诗的人、
And who copies and reveres 谁在复制和崇敬
Even a single verse, 哪怕是一句诗
The subtle and profound garbha of the Tathāgata 陀罗尼的微妙而深奥的加持
Will instantly come forth, accompanied with joy. 会立即涌现，伴随着喜悦。
If you give yourself to this true teaching 如果你献身于这一真正的教诲
Your virtues will be incalculable. 你的美德将无法估量。
If there is a person seeking enlightenment 如果有人寻求启迪
Who has attained great spiritual powers, 获得强大精神力量的人、
And who desires to make an offering 谁想献祭
To the buddhas of the ten directions 致十方诸佛
And to the bodhisattvas and śrāvakas of the assembly, 并向大会的菩萨和常住致敬、
The number of which is greater 其数量大于
Than the sands of the Ganges, 胜过恒河之沙、
A hundred million times incalculable; 亿万次的不可估量；
If for each of the buddhas 如果每一位菩萨
He constructed a marvelous jeweled stūpa 他建造了一座奇妙的珠宝塔
Ten yojanas in height 高度为 10 yojanas
And a breadth of forty li [one li equals about one-third of a mile], 宽四十里 [一里约等于三分之一英里]、
Within which he would bestow a seven-jeweled seat, 他将在其中赐予一个镶有七颗宝石的座位、
With all the marvels 所有的奇迹
Appropriate for the august Teacher, 适合庄严的教师、
Covered with divine pictures and cushions, 覆盖着神圣的图画和坐垫、
Each one with its own unique designs; 每一个都有自己独特的设计；
If he offered to the buddhas and the sangha An incalculable number of these, 如果他向诸佛菩萨和僧伽供奉了不可估量的这些东西、
More than the sands of the Ganges River, 胜过恒河沙数、
And if he offered them 如果他向他们
Without ceasing day or night 不分昼夜
For hundreds and thousands 成百上千
And tens of thousands of eons, 以及数以万计的漫长岁月、
The virtues he would obtain in this manner 他以这种方式获得的美德
Could not be compared with 无法与
The far greater virtues of 更伟大的美德
The wise person who listens to this sūtra, 聆听此经的智者、
Who accepts even a single metaphor from it 谁能接受其中的哪怕一个比喻
And who explains it for the benefit of others. 他的解释是为了他人的利益。
Beings who take refuge in it 皈依它的众生
Will quickly attain the highest path. 将很快达到最高境界。
Bodhisattvas who devote their thought 专心致志的菩萨们
To the profound tathāgatagarbha, 至深般若波罗蜜、
Know that all beings possess it 知道众生皆有
And quickly attain the highest path. 并迅速达到最高境界。
At that time the World-honored One again addressed Bodhisattva Vajramati, saying, “An incalculable time far back in the distant past, longer ago than many inconceivable countless eons, there was a buddha who was called the Eternally Light-Bestowing King, the Tathāgata, the Arhat, the Truily Enlightened One the One Possessed of Shining Actions, the One Who has Well Transcended the World, the Master Who Has Grasped the Highest, the Hero of Harmony, the Teacher of Men and Gods, the Buddha, the World-honored One. O Vajramati, why was he called the Eternally Light-bestowing King? When that buddha was originally practicing the bodhisattva path and descended as a spirit into his mother’s womb, he always gave off light which penetrated and illuminated in an instant even the tiniest atoms of all the thousands of buddha worlds in the ten directions. Any being who saw this light was filled with joy. His kleśas were destroyed; he became endowed with the power of form; his wisdom was perfected; and he attained an eloquence which knew no obstacle. If a denizen of hell, a hungry ghost, an animal, King Yama, Lord of the Dead, or an asura saw this light, all of his rebirths in evil realms were cut off and he was born as a god. If any god saw this light, he attained irreversibility in the highest path and was endowed with the five supernatural powers. If anyone who had attained irreversibility saw this light, he attained unborn dharma-patience and the fifty dhāranīs [incantations] of virtue. Vajramati, all the lands illuminated by that light became stately and pure, like translucent porcelain, with golden cords marking out the eightfold path, luxuriant with the fragrance of various kinds of jeweled trees, flowers, and fruits. Light breezes blew gently through 这时，世尊又对金刚手菩萨说："在遥远的过去，比许多不可思议的无数纪元还要久远的时候，有一位菩萨被称为永恒光明王、他被称为 "永恒的光明之王"、"大日如来"、"阿罗汉"、"真正的觉悟者"、"拥有闪亮行为的人"、"超越世界的人"、"掌握最高境界的大师"、"和谐的英雄"、"人与神的导师"、"佛陀"、"世尊"。金刚魔王啊，他为什么被称为永恒光明王呢？原来，菩萨在修行菩萨道时，化身为精灵降入母胎，他总是放出光明，即使是十方万佛世界中最微小的原子，也能在瞬间穿透并照亮。任何看到这道光的生命都会充满喜悦。他的烦恼被摧毁了，他拥有了形体的力量，他的智慧得到了完善，他获得了无障碍的辩才。如果地狱居民、饿鬼、畜生、阎罗王或阿修罗看到了这道光，他在恶界的所有轮回都会被斩断，转生为神。如果有神看到了这道光，他就会在最高的道路上获得不可逆的力量，并被赋予五种神通。如果任何已证得不退转的人看到了这道光，他就会获得不生不灭的法忍和五十种功德（咒语）。金刚手，所有被光明照耀的土地都变得庄严而纯净，就像半透明的瓷器，金色的绳索勾勒出八正道，各种宝树、宝花和宝果散发着芬芳的香气。轻风徐徐吹过
them, producing soft, subtle sounds that expounded freely and unrestrainedly the three jewels, the bodhisattva virtues, the power of good roots, the study of the path, meditation, and liberation. Beings who heard it all attained joy in the dharma. Their faith was made firm and they were forever freed from the realms of evil rebirth. Vajramati, because all the beings of the ten directions were instantly enveloped in light, at six o’clock every morning and evening they joined their palms together and offered worship. Vajramati, until the time he attained buddhahood and nirvāna without a remainder, the place where that bodhisattva issued forth from the womb always shone with light. And after his final nirvāna the stüpa in which his ashes were kept also gleamed with light. Consequently, the inhabitants of the heavenly realms called him the Eternally light-bestowing King. Vajramati, when the Eternally Light-bestowing King, the Tathăgata, the Arhat, the Universally Enlightened One, first attained buddhahood, among his dharma-disciples there was a bodhisattva named Boundless Light, as well äs a group of two billion other bodhisattvas. The great being Bodhisattva Boundless Light turned toward the spot where the Buddha was and asked about the Tathāgatagarbha Sütra, and the Buddha expounded it. He was in his seat for fifty long eons. And because he protected the thoughts of all the bodhisattvas, his voice reached everywhere in the ten buddha worlds, even down to the smallest atoms, and it spread to hundreds of thousands of buddha lands. Because of the numberless different backgrounds of the bodhisattvas, he presented hundreds of thousands of metaphors. He called it the Mahāyāna Tathägatagarbha Sūtra. All the bodhisattvas who heard him preach this sütra accepted it, recited it, and practiced it just as it had been explained. All but four of the bodhisattvas attained buddhahood. Vajramati, you must not regard them as exceptional. How could Bodhisativa Boundless Light be different from you? You are identical with him. The four bodhisattvas who had not yet attained bū̃dhahood were Mañjuśrī, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta, and you, Vajramati. Vajramati, the Tathāgatagarbha Sütra has an abundant capacity. Anyone who hears it can attain the buddha path.” 他们发出柔和微妙的声音，恣意潇洒地阐释三宝、菩萨功德、善根力、修学之道、禅定和解脱。听闻的众生无不法喜充满。他们的信仰变得坚定，永远脱离了恶趣轮回。金刚手，因为十方众生瞬间被光明笼罩，所以每天早晚六点，他们都会合掌礼拜。金刚手，直到他无余涅槃、成佛时，菩萨从胎里出来的地方一直闪耀着光芒。他最终涅槃后，存放他骨灰的居士塔也熠熠生辉。因此，天界的居民称他为永放光芒的国王。金刚手》中说："永放光王，即大日如来、阿罗汉、普贤菩萨初成佛时，他的弟子中有一位名叫无边光的菩萨，还有其他二十亿位菩萨。无边光菩萨转向佛陀所在的地方，询问《大方广佛华严经》的情况，佛陀为他讲解了《大方广佛华严经》。他在自己的座位上坐了五十个长劫。由于他保护了所有菩萨的思想，他的声音传遍了十方佛国的每一个角落，甚至小到原子，传遍了数十万佛国。由于菩萨们的背景千差万别，他提出了数十万个比喻。他称之为《大乘无量寿佛经》。 所有听到他宣讲这部经的菩萨都接受了这部经，并按照经中的解释诵读和修行。除了四位菩萨外，其余的人都证得了佛果。金刚手，你不要认为他们是例外。无边光菩萨怎么会与你不同呢？你和他是一模一样的。尚未证得佛果的四位菩萨是牟尼佛、观世音菩萨、大势至菩萨和你，金刚手。金刚手，《大悲咒经》容量巨大。任何人只要听闻此经，就能成就佛道。”
Then the Buddha again expressed himself in verse, saying 然后，佛陀再次用偈语表达了自己的意思，他说
Countless eons ago 无数个世纪之前
A buddha named King of Light 名为光明王的菩萨
Always shone forth great light 始终闪耀着伟大的光芒
And illumined innumerable lands everywhere. 照亮了各地无数的土地。
Bodhisattva Boundless Light 菩萨无边光
First attained the way under that buddha, 首先在那位菩萨门下得道、
And requested this sütra. 并提出了请求。
The buddha accordingly preached it. 菩萨因此而宣扬它。
All those who encountered it were victorious, 所有遇到它的人都取得了胜利、
And all those who heard it 所有听到它的人
Attained buddhahood, 成佛
Except for four bodhisattvas. 除了四位菩萨。
Mahāsthāmaprāpta, and Vajramati-- Mahāsthāmaprāpta 和 Vajramati--
These four bodhisattvas 这四位菩萨
All formerly heard this dharma. 所有人以前都听过这一佛法。
Of them, Vajramati 其中，瓦伊拉马蒂
Was the most gifted disciple. 是最有天赋的弟子。
At the time he was called Boundless Light 他当时被称为 "无边之光"。
And had already heard this sūtra. 他已经听过这段经文。
When I originally sought the way 当我最初寻求
At the lion standard marking the buddha place, 在标志着佛祖之地的狮子标准处、
I too once received this sūtra 我也曾收到过这样的短信
And practiced it as I had heard it. 并按照我所听到的进行了练习。
Because of these good roots, 因为有了这些好根、
I quickly attained the buddha path. 我很快就修成了佛道。
Therefore all bodhisattvas 因此，所有菩萨
Ought to uphold and preach this sūtra. 应该坚持并宣扬这部经文。
After you have heard it 听完之后
And practiced just as it has been explained, 并按照解释进行实践、
You will become buddhas just like I am now. 你们会像我现在一样成为菩萨。
If a person upholds this sūtra, 如果一个人恪守此经、
He will comport himself like the World-honored One. 他将像世尊一样举止得体。
If a person obtains this sūtra, 如果一个人获得了这一秘诀、
He will be called ‘Lord of the Buddhadharma,’ 他将被称为'佛法之主'。
And then, on behalf of the world, he will protect 然后，他将代表全世界保护
What all the buddhas proclaim. 诸佛所宣。
If anyone upholds this sūtra, 如果有人坚持这条经文
He will be called ‘The Dharma King,’ 他将被称为'法王'。
And in the eyes of the world 在世人眼中
He will deserve to be praised 他值得被赞美
Like the World ∼\sim honored One. 就像世界 ∼\sim 荣誉一。
Then, when the World-honored One had finished expounding this sūtra, Vajramati, together with the four groups of bodhisattvas, the gods, the gandharvas, the asuras, and the rest, rejoiced at what they had heard the Buddha explain, and they practiced it as they had been told. 世尊讲完这部经后，金刚手与四众菩萨、天神、干陀罗、阿修罗等人听了佛陀的讲解，都欢喜不已，并如法炮制。
Luis O. Gómez 路易斯-O-戈麦斯
The following selection is a translation of two versions of a single passage from a Mahāyāna sūtra entitled “The Teaching Regarding the Source from Which Tathāgatas Arise” (Tathāgatotpattisambhava-nirdeśa; here Tathāgatotpatti, for short). This sütra is not preserved in any complete Indian version; only short quotations occur here and there in the Sanskrit literature. Three different versions of the sūtra survive, however, as part of a monumental collection preserved in Chinese and Tibetan translations, and known as the Buddhävatamsaka Sütra. This collection is commonly known in the West as the Avatamsaka Sütra or by its Chinese and Japanese names: Hua-yen jing and Kegon kyō, respectively. 以下选文是《大乘起信论》（Tathāgatotpattisambhava-nirdeśa；此处简称 Tathāgatotpatti）中一个段落的两个版本的译文。这部经书没有任何完整的印度版本，只有简短的引文出现在梵文文献中。不过，这部经有三个不同的版本，是汉译和藏译本中的一部巨著，被称为《Buddhävatamsaka Sütra》。西方通常称这部经集为《华严经》，或其中文和日文名称：华严经》和《起信论》。
The Tathāgatotpatti describes the way in which the knowledge and enlightenment of buddhas is present in all sentient beings, in fact, in all things, and is therefore accessible to all as “the source from which tathāgatas will arise.” This is a common theme in the doctrine known as tathāgatagarbha. This is the idea that buddhahood is somehow inherent or innate to all sentient beings as a pure and enlightened core underlying the deluded mind. As part of the Avatamsaka Sütra collection, however, the Tathägatotpatti may be seen also as expressing two themes common to that collection: first, that all things reflect each other perfectly, so that every thing in the universe may be said to contain in itself the whole universe, and, consequently, that the ultimate reality and the wisdom of a buddha are present in each and every being. 大智度论》描述了佛陀的知识和证悟存在于所有众生，事实上也存在于所有事物中，因此作为 "大菩萨将从中产生的源泉"，所有人都可以获得。这是 "无上正等正觉 "学说的共同主题。这种观点认为，佛性是众生与生俱来或与生俱来的，它是妄心背后的一个清净、觉悟的核心。然而，作为《华严经》的一部分，《大智度论》也可被视为表达了该经中的两个共同主题：第一，万物完美地相互映照，因此可以说宇宙中的每一事物本身都包含着整个宇宙，因此，终极实相和菩萨的智慧存在于每一个生命之中。
The short section translated below occurs as part of a description of ten intuitions or understandings that accompany the enlightenment of bodhisattvas. According to the passage, all bodhisattvas realize that truth is already present “in every particle of dust in the universe.” Stated in this way, this is a common enough theme; but in the present extract the idea is developed with a metaphor that has interesting connotations for our understanding of what a religious text or image is, and what it means to interpret, render, or imagine religious truths. The whole universe is represented on a text or a canvas (depending on which version we use), but this representation is itself contained in every particle of dust in the 下面翻译的一小段内容是描述菩萨悟道时的十种直觉或理解的一部分。根据这段文字，所有菩萨都认识到真理已经存在于 "宇宙中的每一粒微尘"。这样说来，这是一个很普通的主题；但在本节选中，这一观点通过一个比喻得到了发展，这个比喻对于我们理解什么是宗教文本或图像，以及解释、呈现或想象宗教真理意味着什么，有着有趣的内涵。整个宇宙被表现在文字或画布上（取决于我们使用的版本），但这种表现形式本身就包含在宇宙中的每一粒尘埃中。