课程-约翰霍普金斯大学MSTP/MD-PhD项目

From its inception, Johns Hopkins has been dedicated to the physician-scientist. The Hopkins tri-emblem represents the three core values of the institution: teaching, patient care, and research.
从成立之初，约翰霍普金斯一直致力于医生科学家。霍普金斯三徽代表了该机构的三个核心价值观：教学，病人护理和研究。

Our program believes that the training of a physician-scientist begins with fundamental preparation in core disciplines. Thus, we advise students to focus primarily on medicine while in medical school, and research while in graduate school. However, we also take important steps to ensure that students are exposed to the intersection of both worlds early in their training, as well as given the professional and career development advice they need to succeed.
我们的项目认为，医生兼科学家的培训从核心学科的基础准备开始。因此，我们建议学生在医学院时主要关注医学，在研究生院时主要关注研究。然而，我们也采取重要措施，以确保学生在培训早期接触到两个世界的交叉点，并获得他们成功所需的专业和职业发展建议。

In a word, the MD-PhD curriculum at Johns Hopkins is flexible. Most students decide to do the first two years of medical school then begin graduate school and finish the last two years of their medical training after completing their thesis work (see the Timeline below). However, students who want more first-hand experience in clinical medicine before beginning graduate work can elect to complete three years of medical school, followed by their graduate training, and then the last year the medical school. This can give them a better appreciation of the clinical relevance of their research. In making a choice, trainees consult extensively with the Program Director, the Dean of Students, members of the MD-PhD Committee, prospective research mentors, and their faculty advisors. Students in the MD-PhD Program are automatically accepted to all graduate programs, so no decision about graduate training needs to be made until more familiar with the faculty and programs.
简而言之，约翰霍普金斯的MD-PhD课程是灵活的。大多数学生决定做医学院的前两年，然后开始研究生院，并完成他们的论文工作后，完成最后两年的医学训练（见下面的时间轴）。然而，学生谁想要更多的第一手经验，在临床医学开始研究生工作之前，可以选择完成三年的医学院，其次是他们的研究生培训，然后是最后一年的医学院。这可以让他们更好地了解他们的研究的临床相关性。在做出选择时，学员广泛咨询项目主任，学生院长，MD-PhD委员会成员，未来的研究导师及其教师顾问。MD-PhD项目的学生会自动被所有研究生项目录取，因此在更加熟悉教师和项目之前，无需做出有关研究生培训的决定。

Timeline

Medical School Curriculum

In the fall of 2009, Johns Hopkins School of medicine began a new curriculum, “Genes to Society.” This curriculum is intended to bring medical curriculum into the modern scientific age by including cutting edge information on the genetic basis of disease and how social issues and societal pressures may interact with these determinants to promote, or limit, disease. Physiology and pathophysiology are taught together, while clinical correlations and case discussions help connect the topics discussed to the clinic. All classes are taught with a mix of lecture, labs (wet and dry), and team-based learning.
2009年秋天，约翰霍普金斯医学院开始了一项新的课程，“基因对社会”。该课程旨在将医学课程带入现代科学时代，包括有关疾病遗传基础的前沿信息，以及社会问题和社会压力如何与这些决定因素相互作用，以促进或限制疾病。生理学和病理生理学一起教授，而临床相关性和案例讨论有助于将讨论的主题与临床联系起来。所有课程都是通过讲座，实验室（湿和干）和基于团队的学习来教授的。

Prior to the start of the formal “Genes to Society” classes, students complete their “Scientific Foundations of Medicine” classes (macromolecules, metabolism, cell biology, genetics, epidemiology, pharmacology) and begin learning basic clinical skills (physical exam, interview techniques). The pre-clinical Genes to Society curriculum is divided into organ system-based modules (Immunology, Microbiology/Infectious disease, Hematology/Oncology, Brain/Mind/Behavior, Neuroscience and Special Senses, Pulmonology, Renal, Cardiology, Gastrointestinal/Liver, Endocrinology, Reproduction/Development, Musculoskeletal) that span from the second semester of your first year through the second semester of your second year. Additionally, to further develop the students’ clinical skills and gain knowledge of ambulatory care, during the second half of the first year and first half of the second year, students go to weekly clinical sites in the Longitudinal Clerkship. These clinical sites included affiliated hopkins as well as other hospitals and clinics in the Baltimore area.
在正式的“基因与社会”课程开始之前，学生完成“医学科学基础”课程（大分子，代谢，细胞生物学，遗传学，流行病学，药理学），并开始学习基本的临床技能（体检，面试技巧）。临床前基因社会课程分为基于器官系统的模块（免疫学，微生物学/传染病，血液学/肿瘤学，脑/心理/行为，神经科学和特殊感觉，肺病，肾脏，心脏病学，胃肠道/肝脏，内分泌学，生殖/发育，肌肉骨骼），从第一年的第二学期到第二年的第二学期。此外，为了进一步发展学生的临床技能并获得门诊护理知识，在第一年的下半年和第二年的上半年，学生每周都会前往纵向文员的临床地点。这些临床站点包括附属霍普金斯大学以及其他医院和诊所在巴尔的摩地区。

A four week “Transition to the Wards” class is taught at the end of the pre-clinical training to prepare for life on the wards (procedures, ethics, legal). The preclinical curriculum is complete by March of your second year, which leaves about 6 months until the start of graduate school classes in the fall. Most students take the first board exam (USMLE Step 1) and do one or two clinical clerkships prior to entering graduate school. Alternatively, some students decide to finish all of third year medical school (core clerkships complete, see below) prior to beginning their PhD training.
在临床前培训结束时，教授为期四周的“过渡到病房”课程，为病房生活做准备（程序、道德、法律的）。临床前课程是由你的第二年的三月完成，离开约6个月，直到秋季研究生院课程的开始。大多数学生参加第一次董事会考试（USMLE步骤1），并在进入研究生院之前做一两个临床实习。或者，一些学生决定完成所有的第三年医学院（核心见习完成，见下文）之前开始他们的博士培训。

Throughout both the pre-clinical and clinical curriculum, students participate in one week intersessions that are meant to introduce students to topics outside of the more formal curriculum (i.e. healthcare disparities, health promotion and disease prevention, global health, pain and pain management, disaster management, substance abuse, patient safety). While on the wards, intersessions continue with a focus on translational medicine-short refreshers of the basic science behind some of the clinical scenarios seen in the clerkships.
在整个临床前和临床课程中，学生参加为期一周的会议，旨在向学生介绍更正式课程之外的主题（即医疗保健差异，健康促进和疾病预防，全球健康，疼痛和疼痛管理，灾难管理，药物滥用，患者安全）。而在病房，闭会期间继续专注于转化医学-在见习中看到的一些临床场景背后的基础科学的短暂刷新。

Graduate Training

Students may study in any department of the School of Medicine (SOM) or the School of Public Health (SPH). This allows each student to join any SOM or SPH program they wish, based on their interests and desired laboratory rotations. Additionally, since students do not need to join a graduate program until after their first few years of medical school, they can take time to learn about the different laboratories and faculty at Hopkins. Students usually choose from a broad selection of graduate programs in the School of Medicine, including:
学生可以在医学院（SOM）或公共卫生学院（SPH）的任何部门学习。这使得每个学生都可以根据自己的兴趣和所需的实验室轮换加入任何他们希望的SOM或SPH计划。此外，由于学生不需要加入研究生课程，直到他们的医学院的头几年后，他们可以花时间来了解不同的实验室和教师在霍普金斯。学生通常从医学院广泛的研究生课程中选择，包括：

PhD programs in other divisions of the University, such as The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (including Health Policy & Management, Bioethics, Health Communication, Epidemiology, and International Health to name a few) are also open to MD-PhD students.

Generally, students have 1-2 years of graduate class requirements and rotate through labs concurrently to find a match for a thesis lab. MD-PhD students can start work in their thesis lab early by rotating in a lab during the summer before their first year of medical school (the amount of people that do this is usually 20-50% of the incoming class) as well as between first and second year of medical school. This means a student may join their thesis lab in the first semester or two of graduate school.

All programs also require their students to pass the Graduate Board Oral (GBO) exam which tests the students’ knowledge of the graduate school curriculum in their particular field of study. The details of the timing of the thesis proposal and first committee meeting vary by program, but, generally, students will be well into their research by the end of their second year of graduate school. Once a student’s thesis work is nearly complete, the medical school administrators work with students to fold them back into the medical school clerkships at an appropriate time to allow completion of core clerkships and electives. Students can also work with the administration of their graduate school program to determine when their written thesis should be submitted (it does not have to be before returning to the wards).

Clinical Rotations

Johns Hopkins takes great pride in the quality of its clinical training. The diversity of our patients, including Inner City Baltimore residents, regional patients referred to a tertiary care center, and patients with rare or complex disorders who travel from across the world, as well as the quality of its physicians, students, and staff make the clinical training at Hopkins unparalleled. In a 2014 comprehensive review of residency programs by the physician network Doximity and its partner U.S. News & World Report, Johns Hopkins was named a leading medical education program (more information can be found here). Hopkins placed in the top 10 in 14 specialties and is ranked number one in four specialties.

The time on the wards is broken up into four quarters (and a summer period). Students must complete six required core clerkships (internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology/obstetrics, neurology/psychiatry, emergency medicine) and a required elective in chronic care and disability. After these requirements are complete, electives and sub-internships (rotating through a department in which a student has already completed their core clerkship but taking on more responsibility-akin to an intern) may be completed. Many of these clerkships must be done at Johns Hopkins Hospital, but students may be able to complete part of a core rotation or an elective at affiliated hospitals, including Sinai Hospital and Johns Hopkins Bayview.

At the end of the fourth medical school year, students take “TRIPLE,” a class discussing Transition to Internship and Residency and Preparation for LifE. More advanced procedures and general hospital protocols are taught, as well as discussion of work/life balance and the challenges of residency.