Evaluating & Selecting Sources
评估和选择来源

Learning aims
学习目标

In this session, you will…
在本次会议中，您将...

learn how to develop a set of criteria for evaluating sources
了解如何制定一套评估来源的标准

learn how to identify reliable sources
了解如何识别可靠的来源

learn how to use search engines and NUsearch
了解如何使用搜索引擎和 NUsearch

Preparation Phase (recommended time 60 mins)
准备阶段（建议时间 60 分钟）

In this phase, please:
在此阶段，请：

• discuss/compare Tasks 1-4 with your classmates
• 与同学讨论/比较任务 1-4

• make sure you cover all the tasks before the lesson as you will be expected to talk about them with your tutor
• 确保在课前完成所有任务，因为您需要与导师讨论这些任务

• make sure you are ready to tell your tutor about the key points you have discussed, any problems / areas of disagreement and any questions you may have
• 确保您已准备好告诉您的导师您讨论过的关键点、任何问题/分歧领域以及您可能有的任何问题

Task 1: Types of Sources
任务 1：源类型

Note down the kinds of sources you have previously used to support an argument / a point you are making or when researching a topic.
记下您以前用于支持您提出的论点/观点或在研究主题时使用的来源类型。

In addition, list different types of possible sources to use in your PEAP 3 research paper.
此外，列出 PEAP 3 研究论文中可以使用的不同类型的可能来源。

Compare your lists.
比较您的列表。

academic journals ---- PubMed, web of science, sci-hub
学术期刊 ----PubMed， web of science， sci-hub

books ---- textbooks, scholarly books
书籍 ----教科书、学术书籍

government and institutional reports---- data from WHO, world bank
政府和机构报告----来自世界卫生组织、世界银行的数据

Reputable News Outlets ---- Ecns.cn, CCTV.com, (BBC)
知名新闻媒体 ----Ecns.cn， CCTV.com， （BBC）

Expert Interviews---- Insights from industry professionals or academics.
专家访谈 ----来自行业专业人士或学者的见解。

Industry White Papers----an industry standard yearly
行业白皮书 ---- 每年的行业标准

University/Library Databases
大学/图书馆数据库

PEAP3:
PEAP3：

Academic Journals
学术期刊

Industry White Papers
行业白皮书

University/Library Databases
大学/图书馆数据库

Task 2: Judging Credibility
任务 2：判断可信度

Look at the two sources below about Online Learning. Can you decide which is more credible/reliable? Why?
查看下面有关在线学习的两个来源。您能决定哪个更可信/可靠吗？为什么？

Source A: https://elearningindustry.com/5-advantages-of-online-learning-education-without-leaving-home
来源 A：https://elearningindustry.com/5-advantages-of-online-learning-education-without-leaving-home

Source B: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563217301036
来源 B：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563217301036

Which source seems more appropriate for a CELE or academic assignment? Identify elements from each source that helped you make your decision.
哪个来源似乎更适合 CELE 或学术作业？从每个来源中找出有助于您做出决策的元素。

B

A provides insights on online learning benefits; Written in an accessible, engaging style; reference some studies (not academic), just like: Red book ,Weibo
A 提供了有关在线学习益处的见解;以易于理解、引人入胜的风格编写;参考一些研究（非学术性），就像：红皮书、微博

Reasons:
原因：

Not peer----reviewed (lacks academic rigor)
未经同行 --- 评审 （ 缺乏学术严谨性 ）

Potential bias---- the site promotes e-learning products/services.
潜在偏见 ---- 网站推广电子学习产品/服务。

No formal citations---- sources may be anecdotal or promotional.
没有正式的引用 ---- 来源可以是轶事或宣传性的。

Author expertise unclear---- may not be a subject-matter expert.
作者专业知识不清楚 ---- 可能不是主题专家。

B

Peer-reviewed----ensures academic rigor and accuracy.
经过同行评审 ---- 确保学术严谨性和准确性。

Formal citations---- references other credible studies.
正式引用 ---- 参考其他可信的研究。

Author credentials----likely written by researchers/experts.
作者证书 ---- 可能由研究人员/专家撰写。

Empirical research----may include data, methodology, and analysis.
实证研究---- 可能包括数据、方法和分析。

Task 3: Sources for an Academic Assignment
任务 3：学术作业的来源

Below is a short list of different kinds of sources; which ones are you familiar with?
以下是不同类型来源的简短列表;你熟悉哪些？

Decide which are most appropriate (can be used to write an academic assignment).
决定哪些是最合适的（可用于撰写学术作业）。

Can you complete the table below? Ask your classmates to help you.
您能完成下表吗？请你的同学帮助你。

Task 4: Sources – writers & their purposes
任务4：来源 - 作家及其目的

Look at these websites; take a moment to check them online. What do you think the purpose is for each one? In other words, what do you think the writers wish to achieve?
看看这些网站;花点时间在线查看它们。你认为每个人的目的是什么？换句话说，您认为编剧们希望达到什么目的？

BBC
英国广播公司

http://www.bbc.co.uk/

The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) websites 英国广播公司
The BBC （British Broadcasting Corporation） 网站 英国广播公司

Its overarching goal is to fulfill the BBC’s founding principle: "To inform, educate, and entertain. 其首要目标是实现 BBC 的创始原则：“告知、教育和娱乐”。
它的首要目标是实现 BBC 的创始原则：“提供信息、教育和娱乐。其首要目标是实现 BBC 的创始原则：“告知、教育和娱乐”。

It serve several key purposes aligned with its public service mission: 网站服务于与其公共服务使命相一致的几个关键目的：
它服务于与其公共服务使命相一致的几个关键目的：网站服务于与其公共服务使命相一致的几个关键目的：

Inform: Provide accurate, impartial news and current affairs coverage globally. 告知：在全球范围内提供准确、公正的新闻和时事报道。
Inform：在全球范围内提供准确、公正的新闻和时事报道。告知：在全球范围内提供准确、公正的新闻和时事报道。

Educate: Offer educational resources, documentaries, and cultural content to enrich knowledge. 教育：提供教育资源、纪录片和文化内容以丰富知识。
教育：提供教育资源、纪录片和文化内容，丰富知识。教育：提供教育资源、纪录片和文化内容以丰富知识。

Entertain: Deliver high-quality TV shows, radio programs, podcasts, and creative content. 娱乐：提供高质量的电视节目、广播节目、播客和创意内容。
娱乐：提供高质量的电视节目、广播节目、播客和创意内容。娱乐：提供高质量的电视节目、广播节目、播客和创意内容。

Public Service: Operate as a non-commercial platform funded by UK license fees, prioritizing public interest over profit. 公共服务：作为一个由英国许可证费用资助的非商业平台运营，将公共利益置于利润之上。
公共服务：作为由英国许可费资助的非商业平台运营，将公共利益置于利润之上。公共服务：作为一个由英国许可证费用资助的非商业平台运营，将公共利益置于利润之上。

Accessibility: Ensure content is available across devices and supports diverse audiences, including international users via BBC World Service.
辅助功能：确保内容跨设备可用，并支持不同的受众，包括通过 BBC World Service 的国际用户。

可访问性：确保内容可在各种设备上使用，并支持包括通过 BBC 世界服务的国际用户在内的多样化受众。

Nurofen
纽罗芬

http://www.nurofen.co.uk/

The purpose of the Nurofen websites may include providing detailed product information, medication guidance, building brand trust and education, offering purchase guidance, and emphasizing compliance and safety. However, the specific purposes can vary depending on the website's design and target audience.
Nurofen 网站的目的可能包括提供详细的产品信息 、 药物指导 、 建立品牌信任和教育 、 提供购买指导以及强调合规性和安全性 。但是，具体目的可能会因网站的设计和目标受众而异。

诺洛芬网站的目的可能包括提供详细的产品信息、用药指导、建立品牌信任和教育、提供购买指导以及强调合规性和安全性。然而，具体目的可能会根据网站的设计和目标受众而有所不同。
诺洛芬网站的目的可能包括提供详细的产品信息、用药指导、建立品牌信任和教育、提供购买指导以及强调合规性和安全性 。然而，具体目的可能会根据网站的设计和目标受众而有所不同。

The Conversation
对话

https://theconversation.com/uk

The Conversation UK aims to bridge the gapbetween academia and the public through content curated by professional editors.providing in-depth analysis and commentary based on empirical research. lts corefunctions include:核心目的是通过专业编辑策划内容，搭建学术界与公众之间的桥梁，提供基于实证研究的深度分析和评论。
The Conversation UK 旨在通过由专业编辑策划的内容弥合学术界和公众之间的鸿沟，提供基于实证研究的深入分析和评论 。LTS 核心功能包括： 核心目的是通过专业编辑策划内容，搭建学术界与公众之间的桥梁，提供基于实证研究的深度分析和评论 。

其核心功能包括:

Academic knowledge dissemination学术知识传播
academic knowledge disseminating 学术知识传播

Public issue discussion公共议题过设
Public issue discussion 公共议题过设

Education and resource integration教育与资源整合
Education and resource integration 教育与资源整合

Media collaboration and content licensing媒体协作与内容授权
媒体协作和内容许可媒体协作与内容授权

Lesson
课

In this phase, you will work on further tasks as a class with a tutor.
在此阶段，您将与导师一起以全班形式完成进一步的任务。

Task 5: Sources – writers & their purposes
任务5：来源 - 作家及其目的

Discuss tasks 1-4 with the tutor and your classmates. This is a chance to ask questions.
与导师和您的同学讨论任务 1-4。这是一个提问的机会。

Task 6: Sources – writers & their purposes
任务6：来源 - 作家及其目的

Look again at task 4
再看任务 4

Discussion:
讨论：

How important is to consider the writer(s) of a source?
考虑来源的作者有多重要？

How important is it to understand or be aware of their purpose?
理解或意识到它们的目的有多重要？

Does a writer’s purpose affect their credibility?
作家的目的会影响他们的可信度吗？

NB. Sources, particularly websites, can be:
铌。来源（尤其是网站）可以是：

Commercial Informative Institutional Entertaining
商业信息机构娱乐

Persuasive Personal Educational A hoax
有说服力的个人教育一个骗局

Which do you have to be particularly careful with? Why?
哪些需要特别注意呢？为什么？

Task 7: Criteria for recognising reliable sources MIS!
任务 7：识别可靠来源的标准 MIS！

Work with a partner or other classmates and develop your criteria for evaluating & selecting sources.
与伙伴或其他同学合作，制定评估和选择来源的标准。

Task 8: Using Search Engines & Websites
任务 8：使用搜索引擎和网站

General tips & strategies for using search engines:
使用搜索引擎的一般提示和策略：

Look for (seemingly) credible sources (academic or org with global reputation)
寻找（看似）可靠的来源（学术或具有全球声誉的组织）

Critical awareness: all writers/institutions are biased to some extent (agree?)
批判意识： 所有作家/机构在某种程度上都存在偏见（ 同意吗？

Identify keywords that describe the concepts; avoid single words or long sentences
确定描述概念的关键字;避免使用单个单词或长句

Consider alternative keywords (synonyms)
考虑替代关键字 （同义词）

Use broader and narrower terms
使用更宽和更窄的术语

Think about both common words and technical words that describe the same topic (e.g. flu and influenza)
考虑描述同一主题的常用词和技术词（例如流感和流感）

Consider using different spellings (e.g. US and UK) and abbreviations as well as the full word or phrase
考虑使用不同的拼写（例如 US 和 UK）和缩写以及完整的单词或短语

If your keyword is a phrase, use quotation marks to ensure that the words are found next to each other, e.g. "higher education"
如果您的关键词是一个短语， 请使用引号来确保单词彼此相邻， 例如“higher education”

Task 9: NUsearch
任务 9：NUsearch

As discussed, relying on reputable sources, especially websites, is key; one such website is NUsearch. Have you used it before?
如前所述，依赖信誉良好的来源，尤其是网站，是关键;其中一个网站是 NUsearch。 您以前用过吗？

What is NUsearch?
什么是 NUsearch？

What are the main advantages of using it?
使用它的主要优点是什么？

What are its key features?
它的主要特点是什么？

Task 10: Using NUsearch
任务 10：使用 NUsearch

Look for sources related to your topic of interest for your CELE research paper. Remember to be as ‘flexible’ (specific or general) as possible to find a reasonable number of sources
为您的 CELE 研究论文寻找与您感兴趣的主题相关的来源。请记住要尽可能“灵活”（具体或笼统）以找到合理数量的来源

Explore the first 2 or 3 hits/results; decide if you can use them. Check whether they are downloadable (for later use).
探索前 2 或 3 个命中/结果;决定是否可以使用它们。检查它们是否可下载（供以后使用）。

Be prepared to share your findings with your classmates; this might include sharing your screen.
准备好与同学分享您的发现;这可能包括共享您的屏幕。

Extra Task (IF TIME)
额外任务 （IF TIME）

Try using other search engines
尝试使用其他搜索引擎

As well as using NUsearch, you can use other search engines to look for sources. These include Google, StartPage and Google Scholar. The publishers of academic journals (such as ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library) also have search engines on their Internet pages.
除了使用 NUsearch，您还可以使用其他搜索引擎来查找来源。这些包括 Google、StartPage 和 Google Scholar。学术期刊的出版商（如 ScienceDirect 和 Wiley Online Library）的网页上也有搜索引擎。

Repeat your search for sources at some of these webpages. Use more keywords to narrow each search.
在其中一些网页上重复搜索来源。使用更多关键字来缩小每个搜索的范围。

www.google.co.uk

www.sciencedirect.com

www.tandfonline.com

https://scholar.google.com/

https://journals.sagepub.com/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/

How are the results different from each other?
结果彼此之间有何不同？

Are the results better or worse than those at NUsearch?
结果比 NUsearch 的结果更好还是更差？

Which search engine is the easiest to use?
哪个搜索引擎最容易使用？

Optional Supplementary Materials
可选补充材料

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/studyingeffectively/reading/evaluating/index.aspx

https://online.essex.ac.uk/blog/seven-sources-student-assignments-arent-textbooks/

https://libguides.reading.ac.uk/reading/websites

Searching with a Search Engine // Purdue Writing Lab
使用搜索引擎搜索 // Purdue Writing Lab

Preparation for the next lesson
为下一课做准备

Your tutor will talk you through the tasks you need to complete in preparation for the next lesson. This is also a good time to ask any questions you may have about the week’s coursework.
您的导师会告诉您需要完成的任务，以便为下一堂课做准备。这也是询问您对本周课程作业的任何问题的好时机。