The Big Five  五大人格特質

The "fight-or-flight" system of the brain of anxious individuals is too easily and too often engaged. Therefore, people who are high in anxiety often feel like something dangerous is about to happen. They may be afraid of specific situations or be just generally fearful. They feel tense, jittery, and nervous. Persons low in Anxiety are generally calm and fearless.
焦慮的人，腦袋裡「戰或逃」的系統太容易也太常啟動。所以，焦慮分數高的人常常覺得好像有什麼危險要發生了。他們可能會害怕特定的情境，或者只是普遍感到害怕。他們覺得緊張、坐立不安、神經兮兮的。焦慮分數低的人通常很平靜、不害怕。

Persons who score high in Anger feel enraged when things do not go their way. They are sensitive about being treated fairly and feel resentful and bitter when they feel they are being cheated. This scale measures the tendency to feel angry; whether or not the person expresses annoyance and hostility depends on the individual's level on Agreeableness. Low scorers do not get angry often or easily.
Anger 分數很高的人，事情不如意時會很生氣。他們很在意有沒有被公平對待，如果覺得自己被騙了，會感到很怨恨、很痛苦。這個分數是衡量容易生氣的程度；至於這個人會不會表現出不滿和敵意，就看他在 Agreeableness 這個分數上的程度了。分數低的人不太常生氣，也不容易生氣。

This scale measures the tendency to feel sad, dejected, and discouraged. High scorers lack energy and have difficulty initiating activities. Low scorers tend to be free from these depressive feelings.
這個分數是衡量會不會感到悲傷、沮喪和灰心。分數高的人沒什麼活力，也很難開始做事情。分數低的人通常不太會有這些沮喪的感覺。

Self-conscious individuals are sensitive about what others think of them. Their concern about rejection and ridicule cause them to feel shy and uncomfortable around others. They are easily embarrassed and often feel ashamed. Their fears that others will criticize or make fun of them are exaggerated and unrealistic, but their awkwardness and discomfort may make these fears a self-fulfilling prophecy. Low scorers, in contrast, do not suffer from the mistaken impression that everyone is watching and judging them. They do not feel nervous in social situations.
Self-conscious 的人很在意別人怎麼看自己。他們擔心被拒絕或被嘲笑，所以在別人身邊會覺得害羞不自在。他們很容易感到尷尬，常常覺得丟臉。他們害怕別人會批評或嘲笑他們，這種擔心常常被誇大，也很不切實際，但他們的尷尬和不自在反而可能讓這些害怕成真。相對地，分數低的人不會覺得大家都盯著他們看、在評價他們，他們在社交場合也不會覺得緊張。

Immoderate individuals feel strong cravings and urges that they have have difficulty resisting. They tend to be oriented toward short-term pleasures and rewards rather than long- term consequences. Low scorers do not experience strong, irresistible cravings and consequently do not find themselves tempted to overindulge.
Immoderate 的人會覺得有強烈的慾望和衝動，很難抵抗。他們比較傾向於追求短期的快樂和回報，而不是考慮長遠的後果。分數低的人不會有那種強烈、無法抗拒的慾望，所以也不會覺得自己被誘惑想放縱自己。

High scorers on Vulnerability experience panic, confusion, and helplessness when under pressure or stress. Low scorers feel more poised, confident, and clear-thinking when stressed.
在 Vulnerability 這個分數上比較高的人，在壓力下會感到恐慌、混亂和無助。分數低的人在壓力下會覺得比較沉穩、自信，思緒也比較清晰。

Friendly people genuinely like other people and openly demonstrate positive feelings toward others. They make friends quickly and it is easy for them to form close, intimate relationships. Low scorers on Friendliness are not necessarily cold and hostile, but they do not reach out to others and are perceived as distant and reserved.
友善的人是真的喜歡跟人互動，而且很直接地表達對別人的好感。他們很容易交朋友，也很容易建立親密關係。至於那些在這個分數比較低的人，也不是說他們就冷漠或有敵意啦，只是他們不太會主動去接觸別人，會給人一種比較疏遠、比較含蓄的感覺。

Gregarious people find the company of others pleasantly stimulating and rewarding. They enjoy the excitement of crowds. Low scorers tend to feel overwhelmed by, and therefore actively avoid, large crowds. They do not necessarily dislike being with people sometimes, but their need for privacy and time to themselves is much greater than for individuals who score high on this scale.
群居性高的人會覺得跟別人在一起很舒服、很開心，也很享受人多的熱鬧氣氛。分數低的人就比較容易覺得被人群淹沒，所以會盡量避開人多的地方。他們不是說完全不喜歡跟人相處，只是他們更需要自己的空間和時間，比分數高的人多很多。

High scorers Assertiveness like to speak out, take charge, and direct the activities of others. They tend to be leaders in groups. Low scorers tend not to talk much and let others control the activities of groups.
分數高的人在「斷言力」這塊，通常很敢發言，喜歡主導、指揮大家的活動，很常在團體裡當領導者。分數低的人就比較不太講話，會讓別人去控制團體的活動。

Active individuals lead fast-paced, busy lives. They move about quickly, energetically, and vigorously, and they are involved in many activities. People who score low on this scale follow a slower and more leisurely, relaxed pace.
活動力強的人生活步調很快，整天忙碌碌的。他們動作很快、很有活力，會積極參與很多活動。這分數比較低的人，步調就比較慢、比較悠閒、放鬆。

High scorers on this scale are easily bored without high levels of stimulation. They love bright lights and hustle and bustle. They are likely to take risks and seek thrills. Low scorers are overwhelmed by noise and commotion and are adverse to thrill-seeking.
這項分數高的人，如果沒有高度刺激，很容易覺得無聊。他們喜歡燈光閃爍、熱鬧滾滾的地方，很可能喜歡冒險、尋求刺激。分數低的人就容易被吵雜、混亂的場面嚇到，也不喜歡追求刺激。

This scale measures positive mood and feelings, not negative emotions (which are a part of the Neuroticism domain). Persons who score high on this scale typically experience a range of positive feelings, including happiness, enthusiasm, optimism, and joy. Low scorers are not as prone to such energetic, high spirits.
這個分數是衡量正向情緒和感受的，不是負面情緒（負面情緒是屬於「神經質」這個面向）。這個分數高的人，通常會有很多正面情緒，像是快樂、熱情、樂觀、喜悅。分數低的人就沒那麼容易充滿活力、精神抖擻。

To imaginative individuals, the real world is often too plain and ordinary. High scorers on this scale use fantasy as a way of creating a richer, more interesting world. Low scorers are on this scale are more oriented to facts than fantasy.
對那些很有想像力的人來說，真實世界常常太平凡無聊了。這項分數很高的人會運用幻想來創造一個更豐富、更有趣的世界。分數低的人呢，比起幻想，他們比較傾向於面對現實。

High scorers on this scale love beauty, both in art and in nature. They become easily involved and absorbed in artistic and natural events. They are not necessarily artistically trained nor talented, although many will be. The defining features of this scale are interest in, and appreciation of natural and artificial beauty. Low scorers lack aesthetic sensitivity and interest in the arts.
在這個量表上得分高的人，無論是藝術還是大自然的美，都超愛！他們很容易就沉浸在藝術和自然活動裡。雖然不一定都受過專業訓練或天生有藝術天分，但很多都是喔。這個量表主要看的是，他們對自然和人造美的興趣和欣賞程度。得分低的人就比較沒啥藝術敏銳度，對藝術也沒啥興趣。

Persons high on Emotionality have good access to and awareness of their own feelings. Low scorers are less aware of their feelings and tend not to express their emotions openly.
情緒性得分高的人，很清楚自己的感覺，也能好好接觸這些感受。得分低的人比較沒那麼知道自己的情緒，也比較不習慣公開表達情感。

High scorers on adventurousness are eager to try new activities, travel to foreign lands, and experience different things. They find familiarity and routine boring, and will take a new route home just because it is different. Low scorers tend to feel uncomfortable with change and prefer familiar routines.
冒險性得分高的人，超愛嘗試新活動、去國外旅行，體驗不一樣的事物。他們覺得熟悉和一成不變很無聊，甚至為了體驗不同，回家都會換一條路走！得分低的人就比較怕變化，喜歡走熟悉的舊路。

Intellect and artistic interests are the two most important, central aspects of openness to experience. High scorers on Intellect love to play with ideas. They are open-minded to new and unusual ideas, and like to debate intellectual issues. They enjoy riddles, puzzles, and brain teasers. Low scorers on Intellect prefer dealing with either people or things rather than ideas. They regard intellectual exercises as a waste of time. Intellect should not be equated with intelligence. Intellect is an intellectual style, not an intellectual ability, although high scorers on Intellect score slightly higher than low-Intellect individuals on standardized intelligence tests.
智力和藝術興趣是「經驗開放性」兩個最重要、最核心的面向。智力得分高的人超愛玩弄想法，對新奇古怪的點子都很開放，也喜歡辯論跟智力有關的話題。他們喜歡猜謎、解謎和腦筋急轉彎。智力得分低的人，比較喜歡跟人或事物打交道，而不是想法。他們覺得動腦筋是在浪費時間。不過，「智力」不等於「聰明」，它是一種思考風格，不是智力能力。雖然智力得分高的人，在標準智力測驗上分數通常會比得分低的人高一點點。

Psychological liberalism refers to a readiness to challenge authority, convention, and traditional values. In its most extreme form, psychological liberalism can even represent outright hostility toward rules, sympathy for law-breakers, and love of ambiguity, chaos, and disorder. Psychological conservatives prefer the security and stability brought by conformity to tradition. Psychological liberalism and conservatism are not identical to political affiliation, but certainly incline individuals toward certain political parties.
心理學上的自由主義，指的是一種敢於挑戰權威、常規和傳統價值觀的態度。最極端的情況下，心理自由主義甚至可能表現出對規則的完全敵意，同情違法者，喜歡模稜兩可、混亂和失序。心理保守派則更喜歡遵循傳統帶來的安全和穩定。心理自由主義和保守主義跟政治傾向不完全一樣，但肯定會讓人們傾向某些政黨。

A person with high trust assumes that most people are fair, honest, and have good intentions. Persons low in trust see others as selfish, devious, and potentially dangerous.
信任度高的人，認為大多數人都是公平、誠實且懷有善意的。信任度低的人則覺得別人很自私、狡猾，而且可能很危險。

High scorers on this scale see no need for pretense or manipulation when dealing with others and are therefore candid, frank, and sincere. Low scorers believe that a certain amount of deception in social relationships is necessary. People find it relatively easy to relate to the straightforward high-scorers on this scale. They generally find it more difficult to relate to the unstraightforward low-scorers on this scale. It should be made clear that low scorers are not unprincipled or immoral; they are simply more guarded and less willing to openly reveal the whole truth.
在這個量表上得分高的人，跟別人相處時覺得不需要裝腔作勢或玩弄手段，所以他們很坦率、真誠。得分低的人則認為在社交關係中有一定程度的欺騙是必要的。人們通常覺得跟坦率直接的得分高的人比較容易相處。而跟不那麼直接的得分低的人相處起來就比較困難。必須澄清的是，得分低的人並不是沒有原則或不道德；他們只是比較謹慎，不太願意把所有事情都完全公開。

Altruistic people find helping other people genuinely rewarding. Consequently, they are generally willing to assist those who are in need. Altruistic people find that doing things for others is a form of self-fulfillment rather than self-sacrifice. Low scorers on this scale do not particularly like helping those in need. Requests for help feel like an imposition rather than an opportunity for self-fulfillment.
助人為樂的人真心覺得幫助別人很有價值。所以他們通常都很樂意幫助那些需要幫助的人。對助人為樂的人來說，幫人是自我實現，不是犧牲自己。在這個分數低的人不太喜歡幫助有需要的人。別人請他們幫忙會讓他們覺得像是被強迫，而不是自我實現的機會。

Individuals who score high on this scale dislike confrontations. They are perfectly willing to compromise or to deny their own needs in order to get along with others. Those who score low on this scale are more likely to intimidate others to get their way.
分數高的人不喜歡衝突。他們很樂意妥協，甚至會犧牲自己的需求來跟別人好好相處。分數低的人比較會恐嚇別人來達到自己的目的。

High scorers on this scale do not like to claim that they are better than other people. In some cases this attitude may derive from low self-confidence or self-esteem. Nonetheless, some people with high self-esteem find immodesty unseemly. Those who are willing to describe themselves as superior tend to be seen as disagreeably arrogant by other people.
這個分數高的人不喜歡說自己比別人好。有時候這種態度可能來自於缺乏自信或自尊心低。但有些人雖然自信心高，卻也覺得不謙虛很不應該。那些喜歡說自己很厲害的人，別人往往會覺得他們很討人厭、很傲慢。

People who score high on this scale are tenderhearted and compassionate. They feel the pain of others vicariously and are easily moved to pity. Low scorers are not affected strongly by human suffering. They pride themselves on making objective judgments based on reason. They are more concerned with truth and impartial justice than with mercy.
分數高的人很溫柔、很有同情心。他們能感同身受別人的痛苦，很容易產生憐憫之心。分數低的人比較不會被人類的苦難打動。他們引以為傲的是能基於理性做出客觀判斷。比起仁慈，他們更關心真相和公正。

Self-Efficacy describes confidence in one's ability to accomplish things. High scorers believe they have the intelligence (common sense), drive, and self-control necessary for achieving success. Low scorers do not feel effective, and may have a sense that they are not in control of their lives.
「自我效能」這項測驗，主要是在看你對自己完成事情的能力有多大的信心。分數高的人會覺得自己夠聰明（就是很有 sense 啦）、有衝勁，而且能自律，這些都是把事情做好的必備條件。至於分數低的，可能就比較沒自信，甚至會覺得人生好像不由自己控制。

Persons with high scores on orderliness are well-organized. They like to live according to routines and schedules. They keep lists and make plans. Low scorers tend to be disorganized and scattered.
在「規律性」這項得分高的朋友，通常都很有條理。他們喜歡照著固定的日常和計畫過生活。像是列清單、做計畫，這些都是他們的習慣。分數低的，可能就比較雜亂，東做一點西做一點這樣。

This scale reflects the strength of a person's sense of duty and obligation. Those who score high on this scale have a strong sense of moral obligation. Low scorers find contracts, rules, and regulations overly confining. They are likely to be seen as unreliable or even irresponsible.
這個分數顯示的是一個人有多強烈的責任感和義務感。分數高的人道德感通常很強。分數低的人會覺得合約、規定、條條框框這些東西太綁手綁腳了。別人可能會覺得他們不可靠，甚至是不負責任。

Individuals who score high on this scale strive hard to achieve excellence. Their drive to be recognized as successful keeps them on track toward their lofty goals. They often have a strong sense of direction in life, but extremely high scores may be too single-minded and obsessed with their work. Low scorers are content to get by with a minimal amount of work, and might be seen by others as lazy.
分數高的人，會非常努力地去追求卓越。他們那種想要被肯定、想要成功的心情，會讓他們一直朝著遠大的目標前進。他們的人生通常很有方向，但如果分數太高的話，可能會變得太執著，對工作太投入。分數低的人就比較安於現狀，只要付出最少的心力就好，別人可能會覺得他們懶。

Self-discipline-what many people call will-power-refers to the ability to persist at difficult or unpleasant tasks until they are completed. People who possess high self-discipline are able to overcome reluctance to begin tasks and stay on track despite distractions. Those with low self-discipline procrastinate and show poor follow-through, often failing to complete tasks-even tasks they want very much to complete.
自律，也就是很多人說的意志力，指的是堅持把困難或不愉快的事情做完的能力。自律性高的人，就算一開始不想動手，也能克服心裡的抗拒，就算有很多分心的事，也能保持專注。自律性低的人會拖延，做事常常虎頭蛇尾，常常連自己很想完成的事情都做不完。

Cautiousness describes the disposition to think through possibilities before acting. High scorers on the Cautiousness scale take their time when making decisions. Low scorers often say or do first thing that comes to mind without deliberating alternatives and the probable consequences of those alternatives.
「謹慎」指的是做事前會先把各種可能性想清楚的特質。分數高的人做決定會花比較多時間。分數低的人通常想到什麼就說什麼、做什麼，不太會去想其他選項跟可能的後果。