详细解答的面试文档  Detailed Interview Documentation

性能优化  Performance optimization

Web

• 回答：在 Web 性能优化中，通过 Service Worker 拦截请求，在图片加载之前将其替换成 WebP 图片服务链接是一种有效的方式。首先判断浏览器是否支持 Service Worker，代码为 if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { ... }。在移动端，Safari ≤ iOS 13 对其支持有一定限制。这样做的好处是 WebP 格式图片通常具有更小的文件大小，能减少网络请求时间，提升页面加载速度。
  Answer: An effective way to optimize web performance is to intercept requests through Service Worker and replace them with WebP image service links before the image loads. First, determine if the browser supports Service Worker, with the code being if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { ... } . On mobile devices, Safari ≤ iOS 13 has certain limitations in support. The benefit of this approach is that WebP format images usually have smaller file sizes, which can reduce network request time and improve page loading speed.
• 关键信息：Service Worker 拦截，WebP 图片替换，浏览器支持判断，移动端限制
  Key Information: Service Worker Interception, WebP Image Replacement, Browser Support Check, Mobile Limitations
• 速记提炼点：SW 拦截换 WebP，判支持，注意 iOS 13 及以下 Safari
  Abbreviated Notes: SW Interception to WebP, Check Support, Pay Attention to iOS 13 and Below Safari

React

• 回答：React 性能优化方面，React 18 引入的 startTransition API 用于标记非紧急更新，如数据加载、组件懒加载等，能让 React 优先处理高优先级更新，像用户输入。当组件加载可能阻塞用户交互时，如大型表格、复杂图表，必须使用 startTransition。另外，通过 import() 实现代码分割，按需加载组件，<Suspense> 组件则用于处理 React.lazy 异步加载组件时的等待状态，解析后渲染组件。
  Answer: In terms of React performance optimization, React 18 introduces the startTransition API to mark non-urgent updates, such as data loading, component lazy loading, etc., allowing React to prioritize high-priority updates, such as user input. When component loading may block user interaction, such as large tables, complex charts, it is necessary to use startTransition . Additionally, import() is used to implement code splitting, load components on demand, and <Suspense> components are used to handle the waiting state of React.lazy asynchronous loading components, rendering the components after parsing.
• 关键信息：startTransition，非紧急更新，代码分割，<Suspense> 组件
  Key information: startTransition , non-urgent updates, code splitting, <Suspense> component
• 速记提炼点：startTransition 标非紧急，import() 分割，<Suspense> 处理等待
  Abbreviated Notes: startTransition Non-urgent, import() Split, <Suspense> Process and Wait

技术栈  Technology stack

Taro

• 技术选型：   Technical Selection:
  • 回答：在选择多端开发框架时，Taro 有其独特优势。与其他可做一套代码多端生成的框架相比，Taro 基于 React 语法，对于熟悉 React 的开发者来说学习成本较低。它通过编译时转换的核心底层实现逻辑，将代码转换为不同端（如微信小程序、支付宝小程序、H5 等）的代码。结论是，如果项目团队有 React 开发经验，且需要快速实现多端部署，Taro 是一个不错的选择。
    Answer: When choosing a multi-platform development framework, Taro has its unique advantages. Compared to other frameworks that can generate code for multiple platforms with a single codebase, Taro is based on React syntax, which has a lower learning cost for developers familiar with React. It converts the code into different platform codes (such as WeChat Mini Program, Alipay Mini Program, H5, etc.) through the core underlying implementation logic at compile time. The conclusion is that if the project team has React development experience and needs to quickly implement multi-platform deployment, Taro is a good choice.
  • 关键信息：Taro，一套代码多端生成，编译时转换，React 语法，学习成本低
    Key Information: Taro, multi-platform code generation, compile-time conversion, React syntax, low learning cost
  • 速记提炼点：Taro 一套多端，编译转换，基于 React 易上手
    Quick Points: Taro, multi-platform, compile-time conversion, easy to get started with React
• 多端转码的核心原理（流程）：   Core Principles (Process) of Multi-end Code Conversion
  • 回答：Taro 的多端转码核心原理是在编译阶段，将 Taro 代码解析成抽象语法树（AST），然后根据不同端的语法规则和规范，将 AST 转换为对应端的代码。例如，将 JSX 语法转换为小程序的模板语法，将 CSS 样式转换为对应端支持的样式格式。
    Answer: The core principle of Taro's multi-platform transcoding is to parse Taro code into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) during the compilation phase, and then convert the AST into code for the corresponding platform based on the syntax rules and specifications of each platform. For example, converting JSX syntax to WeChat Mini Program template syntax, and converting CSS styles to the style formats supported by the corresponding platform.
  • 关键信息：多端转码，编译阶段，抽象语法树，代码转换
    Key Information: Multi-platform transcoding, compilation phase, abstract syntax tree, code conversion
  • 速记提炼点：编译转 AST，按端转代码  Abbreviated Points: Compilation converts to AST, converts code by platform

Vue / 小程序，react / vue
Vue / WeChat Mini Program, React / Vue

• react / vue 主要区别，性能对比分析：
  Main differences and performance comparison analysis between React and Vue:
  • 回答：React 和 Vue 在设计理念、语法、生态等方面存在区别。React 更注重函数式编程和不可变数据，使用 JSX 语法；Vue 则更倾向于声明式编程，使用模板语法。在性能方面，两者都有高效的渲染机制，但 React 在大型复杂项目中，由于其不可变数据的特性，可能在数据更新时需要更多的计算；Vue 的响应式系统在数据更新时能更精准地更新 DOM。不过，具体性能还取决于项目的具体实现和使用场景。
    Answer: React and Vue have differences in design philosophy, syntax, and ecosystem. React emphasizes functional programming and immutability of data, using JSX syntax; Vue tends to be more declarative, using template syntax. In terms of performance, both have efficient rendering mechanisms, but React may require more computation for data updates in large and complex projects due to its immutability of data; Vue's reactive system can update the DOM more accurately during data updates. However, the specific performance also depends on the specific implementation and usage scenario of the project.
  • 关键信息：React，Vue，设计理念，语法，性能，渲染机制，数据更新
    Key Information: React, Vue, design philosophy, syntax, performance, rendering mechanism, data updates
  • 速记提炼点：React 函数式、JSX，Vue 声明式、模板，性能看场景
    Quick Notes: React functional, JSX, Vue declarative, templates, performance depends on the scenario
• 如何技术选型 react / vue：
  How to choose between React and Vue for technical selection:
  • 回答：选择 React 还是 Vue 取决于多个因素。如果团队熟悉 React 生态，且项目需要与其他 React 库集成，或者项目对函数式编程和不可变数据有较高要求，那么 React 是更好的选择。如果团队更倾向于声明式编程，喜欢简洁的模板语法，且项目对快速开发和上手有需求，Vue 可能更合适。
    Answer: Choosing between React and Vue depends on multiple factors. If the team is familiar with the React ecosystem, and the project requires integration with other React libraries, or the project has high requirements for functional programming and immutable data, then React is a better choice. If the team prefers declarative programming, likes concise template syntax, and has a need for rapid development and ease of learning, Vue may be more suitable.
  • 关键信息：技术选型，React，Vue，团队熟悉度，项目需求
    Key Information: Technical selection, React, Vue, team familiarity, project requirements
  • 速记提炼点：看团队熟度和项目需求选 React 或 Vue
    Quick summary: Choose React or Vue based on team familiarity and project requirements
• Vue / 小程序，哪里相似：   Vue / Mini Program, Similarities:
  • 回答：Vue 和小程序在很多方面相似。它们都采用模板语法来描述界面，都有数据绑定机制，能实现数据的动态更新。并且都有组件化开发的概念，方便代码的复用和维护。
    Answer: Vue and Mini Program are similar in many aspects. They both use template syntax to describe the interface, have data binding mechanisms for dynamic data updates, and both have the concept of component-based development, which facilitates code reuse and maintenance.
  • 关键信息：Vue，小程序，模板语法，数据绑定，组件化开发
    Key Information: Vue, Mini Program, Template Syntax, Data Binding, Component-Based Development
  • 速记提炼点：Vue 与小程序，模板、绑定、组件化相似
    Quick Points: Similarities between Vue and Mini Program, Templates, Binding, Component-Based Development

RN & jsBridge

• jsBridge 实现原理：   jsBridge Implementation Principle:
  • 回答：JSBridge 是一种在 JavaScript 和原生代码（如 Android 的 Java、iOS 的 Objective - C/Swift）之间进行通信的机制。其实现原理主要基于 WebView 提供的接口。在 Android 中，通过 WebView 的 addJavascriptInterface 方法将 Java 对象注入到 JavaScript 环境中；在 iOS 中，通过拦截 URL Scheme 或者使用 WKWebView 的 evaluateJavaScript 方法实现双向通信。
    Answer: JSBridge is a communication mechanism between JavaScript and native code (such as Android's Java, iOS's Objective-C/Swift). Its implementation principle is mainly based on the interfaces provided by WebView. In Android, Java objects are injected into the JavaScript environment through the WebView's addJavascriptInterface method; in iOS, bidirectional communication is achieved by intercepting URL Scheme or using the evaluateJavaScript method of WKWebView.
  • 关键信息：JSBridge，JavaScript，原生代码，WebView，通信机制
    Key Information: JSBridge, JavaScript, Native Code, WebView, Communication Mechanism
  • 速记提炼点：JSBridge 靠 WebView 实现 JS 与原生通信
    Abbreviated Points: JSBridge relies on WebView to enable JavaScript and native communication
• RN 原理：   RN Principle:
  • 回答：React Native（RN）的原理是通过 JavaScript 代码编写界面，然后使用 React Native 框架将其转换为原生组件。RN 有一个 JavaScript 线程和一个原生线程，JavaScript 代码在 JavaScript 线程中执行，通过桥接层将数据和操作传递给原生线程，原生线程负责渲染原生组件。
    Answer: The principle of React Native (RN) is to write the interface with JavaScript code, then convert it to native components using the React Native framework. RN has a JavaScript thread and a native thread, where JavaScript code executes in the JavaScript thread and data and operations are passed to the native thread through the bridge layer, with the native thread responsible for rendering native components.
  • 关键信息：React Native，JavaScript，原生组件，桥接层，线程
    Key Information: React Native, JavaScript, native components, bridge layer, threads
  • 速记提炼点：RN 用 JS 写界面，桥接转原生，双线程协作
    Summary Points: RN written in JS for UI, bridging to native, dual-thread collaboration

状态管理  State management

• 对比 mobx，redux，zustand，zustand 优势在哪里！举例子或者代码来说明：
  Comparison of mobx, redux, zustand, where are the advantages of zustand! Give examples or code to illustrate:
  • 回答：Zustand 相比 Mobx 和 Redux 有一些优势。与 Redux 相比，Zustand 不需要编写大量的 action 和 reducer，代码更简洁。例如，在 Redux 中创建一个简单的计数器需要定义 action 类型、action 创建函数和 reducer：
    Answer: Zustand has some advantages over Mobx and Redux. Compared to Redux, Zustand does not require writing a large number of actions and reducers, making the code more concise. For example, to create a simple counter in Redux, you need to define action types, action creators, and a reducer:

// Redux 示例
const INCREMENT = 'INCREMENT';
const DECREMENT = 'DECREMENT';

const increment = () => ({ type: INCREMENT });
const decrement = () => ({ type: DECREMENT });

const counterReducer = (state = { count: 0 }, action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case INCREMENT:
      return { count: state.count + 1 };
    case DECREMENT:
      return { count: state.count - 1 };
    default:
      return state;
  }
};

而在 Zustand 中，只需要定义一个 store：
In Zustand, you only need to define a single store:

// Zustand 示例
import create from 'zustand';

const useCounterStore = create((set) => ({ count: 0, increment: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count + 1 })), decrement: () => set((state) => ({ count: state.count - 1 })) }));

与 Mobx 相比，Zustand 是不可变的，更符合 React 的编程习惯，且不需要使用装饰器。
Compared to MobX, Zustand is immutable and more in line with React's coding habits, and it does not require decorators.
- 关键信息：Zustand，Mobx，Redux，代码简洁，不可变，符合 React 习惯
Key Information: Zustand, MobX, Redux, code simplicity, immutability, in line with React conventions
- 速记提炼点：Zustand 代码简，不可变，合 React 习惯
Quick Points: Zustand code is simple, immutable, and in line with React conventions

• zustand 底层核心原理，mobx 实现的核心原理，他俩不一样的实现原理核心在哪里？：
  Understanding the underlying core principles of Zustand, the core principles of MobX implementation, and where do their different implementation principles differ in the core?
  • 回答：Zustand 的底层核心原理基于 React 的上下文（Context）和钩子（Hooks）。它创建一个全局的 store 对象，通过 create 函数返回一个自定义的钩子，组件可以使用这个钩子来获取和更新状态。Mobx 的实现核心原理是基于响应式编程，通过 @observable 装饰器将数据标记为可观察的，当数据发生变化时，会自动通知依赖该数据的组件进行更新。两者的核心区别在于，Zustand 是基于 React 的机制，而 Mobx 有自己独立的响应式系统。
    Answer: The underlying core principle of Zustand is based on React's Context and Hooks. It creates a global store object, returning a custom hook through the create function, which components can use to access and update the state. The core principle of MobX's implementation is based on reactive programming, marking data as observable through the @observable decorator, and automatically notifying components that depend on the data when it changes. The core difference between the two lies in the fact that Zustand is based on React's mechanisms, while MobX has its own independent reactive system.
  • 关键信息：Zustand，Mobx，底层原理，React 机制，响应式系统
    Key Information: Zustand, MobX, underlying principles, React mechanisms, reactive systems
  • 速记提炼点：Zustand 基于 React，Mobx 有独立响应系统
    Key Points: Zustand is based on React, while MobX has an independent reactive system
• zustand 优点，mobx 缺点，redux 缺点：
  Zustand advantages, Mobx disadvantages, Redux disadvantages:
  • 回答：Zustand 的优点是代码简洁、易于使用，不需要编写大量样板代码，且支持异步操作。Mobx 的缺点是学习成本较高，需要理解装饰器和响应式编程的概念，并且在大型项目中可能会导致代码难以维护。Redux 的缺点是代码冗余，需要编写大量的 action 和 reducer，并且在处理异步操作时需要额外的中间件。
    Answer: The advantages of Zustand are concise code, ease of use, no need to write a lot of boilerplate code, and support for asynchronous operations. The disadvantages of Mobx are the high learning cost, the need to understand decorators and reactive programming concepts, and the potential for code to be difficult to maintain in large projects. The disadvantages of Redux are redundant code, the need to write a lot of actions and reducers, and the need for additional middleware to handle asynchronous operations.
  • 关键信息：Zustand，Mobx，Redux，优缺点
    Key Information: Zustand, Mobx, Redux, pros and cons
  • 速记提炼点：Zustand 简易用，Mobx 学难，Redux 代码冗余
    Summary: Zustand is easy to use, Mobx is difficult to learn, Redux has redundant code
• 各自的使用场景：   Each has its own usage scenario:
  • 回答：Zustand 适用于小型项目或者对代码简洁性有较高要求的项目。Mobx 适用于对响应式编程有深入理解，且项目中需要频繁更新状态的场景。Redux 适用于大型复杂项目，需要严格控制状态变化和进行状态管理的场景。
    Answer: Zustand is suitable for small projects or those with high requirements for code simplicity. Mobx is suitable for projects that have a deep understanding of reactive programming and require frequent state updates. Redux is suitable for large and complex projects that need strict control over state changes and state management.
  • 关键信息：Zustand，Mobx，Redux，使用场景
    Key Information: Zustand, Mobx, Redux, usage scenarios
  • 速记提炼点：Zustand 小项目，Mobx 频更新，Redux 大项目
    Key Points: Zustand for small projects, Mobx for frequent updates, Redux for large projects
• 各自的核心优缺点：   Each one's core strengths and weaknesses:
  • 回答：Zustand 核心优点是代码简洁、灵活性高；核心缺点是生态相对较小。Mobx 核心优点是响应式更新高效；核心缺点是调试困难。Redux 核心优点是可预测性强、易于调试；核心缺点是代码繁琐。
    Answer: The core strength of Zustand is concise code and high flexibility; the core weakness is a relatively small ecosystem. The core strength of Mobx is efficient reactive updates; the core weakness is difficult to debug. The core strength of Redux is strong predictability and ease of debugging; the core weakness is cumbersome code.
  • 关键信息：Zustand，Mobx，Redux，核心优缺点
    Key information: Zustand, Mobx, Redux, core strengths and weaknesses
  • 速记提炼点：Zustand 简灵活，Mobx 高效难调试，Redux 可预测但繁琐
    Quick summary points: Zustand is simple and flexible, Mobx is efficient but difficult to debug, Redux is predictable but cumbersome

React hooks

• 简介：   Introduction:
  • 回答：React Hooks 为函数组件添加了 state 和生命周期的功能。它允许在不编写 class 的情况下使用 state 以及其他 React 特性，使函数组件能够拥有和类组件相似的能力。
    Answer: React Hooks add state and lifecycle features to function components. They allow the use of state and other React features without writing a class, enabling function components to have similar capabilities to class components.
  • 关键信息：React Hooks，函数组件，state，生命周期
    Key Information: React Hooks, Function Components, State, Lifecycle
  • 速记提炼点：Hooks 让函数组件有 state 和生命周期
    Quick Summary: Hooks enable functional components to have state and lifecycle
• 高频面试题，比如 setState 是同步还是异步的，出的题要涉及到底层设计的：
  Common interview questions, such as whether setState is synchronous or asynchronous, the questions should involve the underlying design:
  • 回答：setState 在不同场景下表现不同。在 React 的合成事件和生命周期函数中，setState 是异步的，这是因为 React 为了提高性能，会对多次 setState 进行批量更新。而在原生事件（如 addEventListener）和 setTimeout、setInterval 等异步操作中，setState 是同步的。从底层设计来看，React 有一个事务机制，在合成事件和生命周期函数中，会将 setState 操作放入一个队列中，在事务结束时统一更新状态；而在原生事件和异步操作中，没有这个事务机制，所以 setState 会立即执行。
    Answer: setState behaves differently in different scenarios. In React, setState is asynchronous because React optimizes performance by batching multiple setState updates. In native events (such as addEventListener ) and setTimeout , setInterval , and other asynchronous operations, setState is synchronous. From the perspective of the underlying design, React has a transaction mechanism that puts setState operations into a queue during synthetic events and lifecycle functions, and updates the state all at once when the transaction ends; in native events and asynchronous operations, there is no such transaction mechanism, so setState is executed immediately.
  • 关键信息：setState，同步，异步，底层设计，事务机制
    Key Information: setState , synchronous, asynchronous, underlying design, transaction mechanism
  • 速记提炼点：合成和生命周期中 setState 异步，原生和异步操作中同步，与事务机制有关
    Summary points: Asynchronous, native, and synchronous operations in lifecycle setState , related to transaction mechanisms

工程化相关 webpack 、vite 、 rollUp
Engineering-related: webpack, vite, rollUp

• vite & webpack 对比性能 & 底层区别：
  Comparison of performance and underlying differences between vite & webpack:
  • 回答：性能方面，Vite 在开发环境下启动速度快，因为它基于 ES 模块的原生支持，采用按需加载的方式，不需要像 Webpack 那样进行打包。在生产环境下，Webpack 有更成熟的优化策略，能生成更优化的代码。底层区别在于，Vite 基于浏览器的原生 ES 模块支持，通过中间件拦截请求并进行转换；Webpack 是一个打包工具，通过 loader 和 plugin 对各种资源进行打包和处理。
    Response: In terms of performance, Vite starts up quickly in the development environment due to its native support for ES modules and on-demand loading, without the need for packaging like Webpack. In the production environment, Webpack has more mature optimization strategies and can generate more optimized code. The underlying difference lies in that Vite is based on the browser's native ES module support, intercepting requests through middleware and performing transformations; Webpack is a packaging tool that packages and processes various resources through loaders and plugins.
  • 关键信息：Vite，Webpack，性能，底层区别，开发环境，生产环境，ES 模块，打包
    Key Information: Vite, Webpack, Performance, Underlying Differences, Development Environment, Production Environment, ES Modules, Packaging
  • 速记提炼点：Vite 开发快，Webpack 生产优，底层机制不同
    Quick Summary Points: Vite is fast for development, Webpack is optimized for production, different underlying mechanisms
• rollUp 对比 webpack：   Comparison between rollUp and webpack:
  • 回答：RollUp 更专注于 JavaScript 库的打包，它的配置相对简单，生成的代码更简洁。Webpack 功能更强大，不仅可以打包 JavaScript，还可以处理各种类型的资源（如 CSS、图片等），适用于大型项目的构建。RollUp 基于 ES 模块进行打包，对 Tree Shaking 支持更好；Webpack 需要配置相关插件来实现 Tree Shaking。
    Answer: RollUp is more focused on packaging JavaScript libraries, with relatively simple configuration and more concise generated code. Webpack is more powerful, capable of packaging not only JavaScript but also various types of resources (such as CSS, images, etc.), suitable for building large-scale projects. RollUp is based on ES modules for packaging and has better support for Tree Shaking; Webpack requires configuration of related plugins to implement Tree Shaking.
  • 关键信息：RollUp，Webpack，打包，JavaScript 库，资源处理，Tree Shaking
    Key Information: RollUp, Webpack, packaging, JavaScript library, resource processing, Tree Shaking
  • 速记提炼点：RollUp 适用于库，配置简，Tree Shaking 好；Webpack 功能全，适用于大项目
    Summary Points: RollUp is suitable for libraries, configuration is simple, Tree Shaking is good; Webpack has comprehensive features, suitable for large projects

React 底层原理  Underlying Principles of React

• 三个阶段，分别描述核心流程（用箭头表示）：   Three stages, respectively describe the core process (indicated by arrows):
  • 回答：React 底层原理主要分为三个阶段：用户交互/状态更新 -> 事件处理阶段 -> 调度阶段（Reconciliation Phase） -> 提交阶段（Commit Phase） -> 更新真实 DOM -> 完成渲染。当用户进行交互或者状态发生更新时，会触发事件处理阶段，在这个阶段会处理各种事件。然后进入调度阶段，React 会根据优先级对更新进行调度，使用 Diff 算法比较虚拟 DOM 的差异。接着进入提交阶段，将差异应用到真实 DOM 上，完成 DOM 的更新，最终完成渲染。
    Answer: The underlying principles of React are mainly divided into three stages: User Interaction/State Update -> Event Handling Phase -> Scheduling Phase (Reconciliation Phase) -> Commit Phase -> Update Real DOM -> Complete Rendering. When the user interacts or the state is updated, it triggers the event handling phase, where various events are processed. Then it enters the scheduling phase, where React schedules updates based on priority and uses the Diff algorithm to compare the differences in virtual DOM. Next, it enters the commit phase, applying the differences to the real DOM, completing the DOM update, and ultimately completing the rendering.
  • 关键信息：React 底层原理，三个阶段，核心流程，虚拟 DOM，Diff 算法
    Key Information: React's underlying principles, three stages, core process, virtual DOM, Diff algorithm
  • 速记提炼点：交互更新 -> 事件处理 -> 调度（Diff） -> 提交 -> 更新 DOM -> 渲染
    Abbreviated Points: Interaction Update -> Event Handling -> Scheduling (Diff) -> Commit -> Update DOM -> Rendering

其他  Other

Babel

• Babel 的作用：   The function of Babel:
  • 回答：Babel 的主要作用是让现代 JavaScript 在旧环境中跑起来。它可以将 ES6+/JSX 等新语法转为旧版浏览器兼容的 ES5 语法。通过插件扩展，可以自定义转换规则，如处理 TypeScript、Flow 等。还可以通过 @babel/polyfill 或 core - js 填补缺失的 API，如 Promise。并且对 Tree Shaking 友好，能优化模块导入导出，便于代码压缩。
    Answer: The main function of Babel is to make modern JavaScript run in old environments. It can convert new syntax such as ES6+/JSX into ES5 syntax compatible with old browsers. Through plugin extensions, custom transformation rules can be defined, such as handling TypeScript, Flow, etc. It can also fill in missing APIs such as @babel/polyfill or core - js with Promise . It is also friendly to Tree Shaking, which can optimize module imports and exports, making code compression easier.
  • 关键信息：Babel，现代 JavaScript，旧环境，转译代码，插件扩展，Polyfill，Tree Shaking
    Key Information: Babel, modern JavaScript, old environment, transpilation code, plugin extension, Polyfill, Tree Shaking
  • 速记提炼点：Babel 转译、扩展、填补、优化，让新 JS 在旧环境运行
    Summary of key points: Babel translation, extension, filling, and optimization to run new JavaScript in old environments

浏览器渲染原理、安全&http 相关  Browser rendering principles, security and HTTP related

经典面试题，在浏览器敲入 url，之后发生了什么？体现出资深水平，比如能够考虑到 https 可能**：
Classic interview questions, what happens when you type a URL in the browser? Demonstrates senior level understanding, such as considering HTTPS may**

- **回答**：当在浏览器敲入 URL 后，首先进行 DNS 解析，将域名转换为 IP 地址。如果是 HTTPS 协议，会进行 SSL/TLS 握手，建立安全连接。然后通过 TCP 协议与服务器建立连接，发送 HTTP 请求。服务器接收到请求后，处理请求并返回 HTTP 响应。浏览器接收到响应后，解析 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 资源。构建 DOM 树和 CSSOM 树，将两者合并生成渲染树。进行布局计算，确定元素的位置和大小。最后进行绘制，将渲染树绘制到屏幕上。在整个过程中，还可能涉及缓存机制，如 DNS 缓存、HTTP 缓存等，以提高性能。
- **关键信息**：敲入 URL，DNS 解析，HTTPS，SSL/TLS 握手，TCP 连接，HTTP 请求响应，DOM 树，CSSOM 树，渲染树，布局，绘制，缓存
- **速记提炼点**：DNS 解析，HTTPS 握手，请求响应，建树布局绘制，有缓存

常见高频安全问题，如何解决这些安全问题的解法**：
Common high-frequency security issues, how to solve these security issues**

- **回答**：常见的高频安全问题包括 XSS（跨站脚本攻击）、CSRF（跨站请求伪造）、SQL 注入等。对于 XSS 攻击，可以对用户输入进行过滤和转义，避免直接将用户输入插入到 HTML 中。对于 CSRF 攻击，可以使用验证码、SameSite 属性、验证请求来源等方法。对于 SQL 注入攻击，使用参数化查询，避免直接拼接 SQL 语句。
- **关键信息**：安全问题，XSS，CSRF，SQL 注入，解决方法
- **速记提炼点**：XSS 过滤转义，CSRF 用验证，SQL 注入用参数化查询

自己的 ai 项目介绍，实现逻辑流程题，以及公司的 dify，设计稿转码的项目**：由于没有具体的项目信息，这里无法给出详细回答，但一般来说，介绍 AI 项目可以从项目背景、目标、实现技术、数据处理、模型训练、评估指标等方面进行。对于设计稿转码项目，可以介绍转码的原理、使用的工具和技术、转码流程等。
Introduction to my AI project, implementation logic questions, and the company's dify, design 稿 to code projects: Since there is no specific project information, a detailed answer cannot be provided, but generally, an AI project introduction can cover aspects such as project background, objectives, implementation technology, data processing, model training, and evaluation metrics. For design 稿 to code projects, you can introduce the principles of transcoding, the tools and technologies used, and the transcoding process.