International Business Report A3
国际商业报告 A3
Student’s Name
学生姓名
Student ID:
学生证：
Module leader: Richard Yeo
模块负责人：Richard Yeo
Course: International Business Management
课程： 国际商务管理
Due Date:
到期日：
Word Count: 3566
字数： 3566
Contents
内容
1. Introduction of the Chosen Buyer 4
1. 天选买家介绍 4
2. Packaging and Branding Strategy 5
2. 包装和品牌战略5
3. Feasible Payment Methods for the First Shipment 5
3. 首件货物的可行付款方式5
Letter of Credit (L/C) 6
信用证 （L/C）6
Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 6
电汇 （T/T）6
4. Positive Factors in the Singapore Market 7
4. 新加坡市场的积极因素7
1. Social-Cultural Environment 7
1. 社会文化环境7
2. Economic Environment 9
2. 经济环境9
5. Challenges and Risks 10
5. 挑战与风险10
1. Regulatory Compliance 10
1. 监管合规10
6. Logistics and Transportation Process 13
6. 物流和运输流程13
1. Supplier’s Responsibility (Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd) 13
1. 供应商的责任 （Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd）13
2. Freight Forwarding and Export Documentation 14
2. 货运代理和出口文件14
3. Shipping to Singapore 14
3. 运送到新加坡14
4. Customs Clearance in Singapore 14
4. 新加坡海关 14
5. Transportation to the packing facility 15
5. 运输到包装设施15
Flowchart of Logistics Process: 16
物流流程图：16
Introduction of the Chosen Buyer
所选买家介绍
Nuts and Snacks Singapore is a premium retailer company that sells nuts, dried fruits, and snack products. It is recognized for its superior quality products and customer-focused relations (Nuts and Snacks Singapore, 2024). Specializing in different nuts like almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, and dried fruits, the company offers its products to consumers and businesses via its top-ranked ecommerce platform. It is an innovative company with offering single-serve snack packs signifying convenience, portion-control, stressing freshness and healthy snacking.
Nuts and Snacks Singapore 是一家销售坚果、干果和零食产品的优质零售商公司。它 以其优质的产品和以客户为中心的关系而闻名（新加坡坚果和零食，2024 年）。 该公司专注于杏仁、腰果、榛子和干果等不同坚果，通过其顶级电子商务平台向消费者和企业提供其产品。这是一家创新的公司，提供单份零食包，提供方便、份量控制、强调新鲜和健康零食。
Nuts and Snacks Singapore stresses on quality, and it ensures that it sources its supplies from suppliers who meet the high taste, nutritional, and freshness requirements. The company also plans to diversify its product portfolio since customers are increasingly demanding macadamia nuts and oils. The brand plans to import premium macadamia products from Australia to capture the expanding health-conscious snack segment while offering competitive prices and superior products to its customers.
Nuts and Snacks Singapore 注重质量，并确保从满足高口味、营养和新鲜度要求的供应商那里采购产品。该公司还计划使其产品组合多样化，因为客户 对澳洲坚果和坚果油的需求越来越大。该品牌计划从澳大利亚进口优质澳洲坚果产品，以占领不断扩大的注重健康的零食市场，同时 为客户提供有竞争力的价格和优质的产品。
2. Packaging and Branding Strategy
2. 包装和品牌战略
Nuts Singapore Snacks can expand its product line and launch macadamia nuts and oil under the brand name, which is well known for its quality and customer satisfaction. The company should ensure that it employs various forms of packaging to meet the demands of the market and the needs of the customers. Some of the best containers for storing gifts are fashionable air-tight glass containers, which can be used to make gift items look premium during festive periods such as Christmas or Chinese New Year. It is eco-friendly and has a clear window that keeps the content fresh, which is ideal for daily shopping. Single-serve plastic bags for disposable use meet the needs of individuals with active lifestyles and a focus on health. Gift packs with specific designs and inscriptions can make the gifting experience more meaningful during various celebrations. This strategy helps to maintain brand identity, enhance customers’ confidence, and reaffirm the company’s position as a premium brand while responding to customer tastes and preferences.
Nuts Singapore Snacks 可以扩大其产品线，并以该品牌推出澳洲坚果和坚果油，该品牌以其质量和客户满意度而闻名。公司应确保采用各种形式的包装，以满足市场的需求和客户的需求。一些最好的存放礼物的容器是时尚的气密玻璃容器，可用于在圣诞节或农历新年等节日期间使礼品看起来高档。它是环保的，并且有一个清晰的窗口，可以保持内容的新鲜感，非常适合日常购物。一次性使用的一次性塑料袋满足了具有积极生活方式和注重健康的个人的需求。带有特定设计和铭文的礼品包可以使各种庆祝活动中的送礼体验更有意义。该策略有助于维护品牌形象，增强顾客的信心，并重申公司作为优质品牌的地位，同时满足顾客的品味和偏好。
3. Feasible Payment Methods for the First Shipment
3. 首批货物的可行付款方式
Since Nuts and Snacks Singapore is a small-to-medium enterprise (SME) that intends to purchase 100 kgs of macadamia nuts and five drums of macadamia oil from Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd from Australia, it is important to identify the right payment method for the initial order. The chosen method must guarantee financial security for both partners and be implementable within the company’s financial capabilities framework. The following two options are recommended based on their advantages for both the buyer and the supplier:
由于 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 是一家中小型企业 （SME），打算从澳大利亚的 Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd 购买 100 公斤澳洲坚果和 5 桶澳洲坚果油，因此为初始订单确定正确的付款方式非常重要。所选择的方法必须保证双方的财务安全，并且可以在公司的财务能力框架内实施。根据它们对买方和供应商的优势，推荐以下两个选项：
Letter of Credit (L/C)
信用证 （L/C）
A Letter of Credit (L/C) is one of the safest modes of payment in international business, especially for first-time buyer and seller transactions (Qureshi, 2022). This arrangement involves a bank that acts as an intermediary to the seller (Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd) to ensure that they will be paid once agreed conditions have been fulfilled. This method also reduces the risk for both parties since the payment is made only after the goods have been shipped and all the necessary documents, such as the bill of lading and the commercial invoices, have been issued.
信用证 （L/C） 是国际业务中最安全的支付方式之一，尤其是对于首次买卖双方交易（Qureshi，2022 年）。这种安排涉及一家银行，该银行充当卖方的中介 （Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd），以确保在满足商定的条件后，他们将收到付款 。这种方法还降低了双方的风险，因为只有在货物发货并且所有必要的文件（如提单和商业发票）都已签发后才付款。
The following are the several essential advantages of an L/C offer to Nuts and Snacks Singapore: First, it shields the company from falling into the trap of making the payment with no guarantee that a particular firm will deliver the products in the specified condition. This is especially important since the shipment is of high value (100 kgs of macadamia nuts and five drums of oil). Its engagement also serves as an assurance that the goods meet the required standard and quantity before the buyer can pay for them.
以下是向 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 提供信用证报价的几个基本优势：首先，它可以保护公司免于陷入付款的陷阱，而不能保证特定公司会以指定条件交付产品。这一点尤其重要，因为货物价值很高（100 公斤澳洲坚果和 5 桶油）。它的参与还可以保证商品在买方付款之前满足要求的标准和数量。
In the case of Waliz Nuts the use of L/C is crucial because it will enable Waliz Nuts ensure payment upon delivery of the goods. Nonetheless, a critique to this form of Letters of Credit is that, despite being very safe, it attracts other costs because of the aspect of the bank charges. For the Nuts and Snacks Singapore these costs are the tradeoff for the security that comes in with the L/C and that is why this method is appropriate for creating confidence in the first transaction.
在 Waliz Nuts 的情况下，信用证的使用至关重要，因为它将使 Waliz Nuts 确保在货物交付时付款。尽管如此，对这种形式的信用证的批评是，尽管非常安全，但由于银行收费的方面，它会吸引其他成本。对于 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 来说，这些成本是信用证附带的安全性的权衡，这就是为什么这种方法适合在第一笔交易中建立信心。
Telegraphic Transfer (T/T)
电汇 （T/T）
The other realistic mode of payment for the first shipment is Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) (Riwanti, 2024) that involves the use of bank transfer from Nuts and Snacks Singapore to Waliz Nuts. The most common technique that is widely applied in international trading is partial payments whereby the buyer pays up to 30 percent of the price prior to confirmation and then pays the remaining balance on confirmation of shipment. This method reduces the amount of money that Nuts and Snacks Singapore are expected to pay for the goods before they are shipped. Additionally, it is cost effective as compared to an L/C in terms of bank charges that may suit small firms such as Nuts Singapore Snacks.
第一批货物的另一种现实的付款方式是电汇 （T/T）（Riwanti，2024 年），涉及使用从 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 到 Waliz Nuts 的银行转账。国际贸易中广泛应用的最常见技术是部分付款，即买方在确认发货前支付高达 30% 的价格，然后在确认发货时支付剩余余额。这种方法减少了 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 在发货前应为商品支付的金额。此外，与信用证相比，它在银行费用方面具有成本效益，可能适合 Nuts Singapore Snacks 等小公司。
In this arrangement, the initial 30% deposit gives Waliz Nuts the confidence that the buyer is serious with the transaction and thus starts processing the order. The balance may be made when the shipment is confirmed, usually when the bill of lading documents is issued. For Nuts and Snacks Singapore, this method has the advantage of flexibility in managing cash, where the company can set aside a portion of capital until the goods are confirmed on their way.
在这种安排中，最初的 30% 定金让 Waliz Nuts 相信买方对交易是认真的，因此开始处理订单。余额可以在确认发货时支付，通常是在签发提单文件时 。对于 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 来说，这种方法在管理现金方面具有灵活性 的优势，公司可以留出一部分资金，直到货物在途中得到确认。
Letter of Credit (L/C) and Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) are viable payment methods for this transaction; however, the company must decide based on risk and cost considerations. Since this is the initial shipment and the parties to the contract have not built-up mutual trust, it is recommendable to use an L/C to ensure maximum security. However, a T/T can be considered for future transactions as the buyer and the supplier develop trust.
信用证 （L/C） 和电汇 （T/T） 是此交易的可行付款方式;但是，公司必须根据风险和成本考虑做出决定。由于这是初始发货，合同双方尚未建立互信，因此建议使用信用证来确保最大的安全性。但是， 随着买方和供应商建立信任，可以考虑在未来的交易中使用 T/T。
4. Positive Factors in the Singapore Market
4. 新加坡市场的积极因素
1. Social-Cultural Environment
1. 社会文化环境
One of the key factors that has been instrumental in the growth of premium food products such as macadamia nuts and oil in Singapore is the growing awareness of health concerns among the people of Singapore (Singapore Accreditation Council, 2022). Singapore consumers have over the recent years become more health conscious and prefer natural and wholesome food products, which have opened opportunities for premium food businesses. This trend is mainly a result of the rising prevalence of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes, which have made people more cautious of what they consume.
对新加坡澳洲坚果和油等优质食品增长起重要作用的关键因素之一是新加坡人民对健康问题的认识不断提高（新加坡认证委员会，2022 年）。 近年来，新加坡消费者变得更加注重健康，并注重天然和健康的食品，这为优质食品企业开辟了机会。这种趋势主要是由于 肥胖、心脏病和糖尿病等生活方式疾病的患病率上升，这使得人们对他们的消费更加谨慎。
Macadamia nuts contain the right nutrients to support this behaviour change among consumers. Macadamia nuts are good for the heart because they contain monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and other nutrients such as fibre, vitamin E, and magnesium. Such attributes make them appropriate for consumers who prefer healthy foods over processed or sugary foods. By focusing on the health aspects of macadamia nuts, Nuts and Snacks Singapore can sell these products as a premium snack for a diverse range of consumer.
澳洲坚果含有正确的营养成分，以支持消费者的这种行为变化。澳洲坚果对心脏有益，因为它们含有单不饱和脂肪、抗氧化剂和其他营养物质，如 fibre、维生素 E 和镁。这些属性使它们适合喜欢健康食品而不是加工食品或含糖食品的消费者。通过专注于澳洲坚果的健康方面，Nuts and Snacks Singapore 可以将这些产品作为优质零食销售给不同的消费者。
Another major factor is convenience, which is highly demanded Singapore owing to the busy and fast paced lifestyle of the city-state. Consumers seek healthy snacks to consume; they require nutritious and easy to include in their daily routines. Nuts and Snacks Singapore is well placed to meet this demand with its controlled portion snack packs in single-serve packs for ease of consumption and convenience and without compromising on quality and nutritional value. The transition of consumers toward more thoughtful consumption (Seguias & Tapper, 2018), especially snacking, in which the consumers focus on the product’s quality and portion sizes, supports the company’s strategy of including macadamia nuts in its product portfolio under the brand Nuts and Snacks Singapore.
另一个主要因素是便利性，由于新加坡繁忙而快节奏的生活方式，便利性对便利性的要求很高。消费者寻求健康的零食来消费;他们需要营养丰富且易于包含在日常生活中。Nuts and Snacks Singapore 完全有能力满足这一需求，其受控份量的零食包装采用单份包装，既方便食用又方便，同时不影响质量和营养价值。消费者转向更深思熟虑的消费（Seguias & Tapper，2018年），尤其是零食，消费者关注产品的质量和份量，支持了该公司将澳洲坚果纳入其品牌Nuts and Snacks Singapore品牌的产品组合中的策略。
Moreover, the increased popularity of fitness and wellness by Singaporeans has motivated more people to concentrate and seek nutritionally nourishing foods, including their snacks. Many people now seek snacks that fit into their exercise programs and help to improve their health. This rising market segment is aligned to macadamia nuts due to their high nutrient density. The categorization of these snacks as gourmet products gives them added value, which targets the affluent consumers willing to spend on tasty and healthy snacks.
此外，新加坡人对健身和健康的日益普及促使更多人集中精力并寻求营养丰富的食物，包括他们的零食。 许多人现在寻找适合 他们锻炼计划并有助于改善ir 健康的零食。这个不断增长的细分市场与澳洲坚果相一致，因为它们的营养密度很高。 将这些零食归类为美食产品赋予了它们附加值，针对的是愿意花钱购买美味健康零食的富裕消费者。
2. Economic Environment
2. 经济环境
The other significant factor that has contributed to making the market conditions in Singapore more conducive for the importation and sale of macadamia nuts and oil is the favourable economic status of the country. Singapore is one of the most developed countries in South-East Asia, with the consumer market having relatively high disposable income (Khanh & Sangdel, 2019). Economic development has promoted a culture of premium consumption, where consumers are willing to pay a premium price for quality and imported brands due to perceived superior attributes such as taste, health, or social status.
使新加坡的市场条件更有利于澳洲坚果和坚果油的进口和销售的另一个重要因素是该国有利的经济状况。新加坡是东南亚最发达的国家之一，消费市场的可支配收入相对较高（Khanh & Sangdel，2019）。 经济的发展促进了一种优质消费文化，消费者愿意为优质和进口品牌支付高价，因为消费者认为其具有品味、健康或社会地位等优越属性。
This includes macadamia nuts, recognized as premium food because they are relatively expensive due to production costs. Their positioning as a luxurious food product targets the Singaporean elite, who are likely to focus more on the quality and the idea of being unique in their purchase rather than having to do it at a lower price. This presents an opportunity that Nuts and Snacks Singapore can leverage by emphasizing the quality of macadamia nuts imported from Australia as a quality and healthy product.
这包括澳洲坚果，它被认为是优质食品，因为它们由于生产成本而相对昂贵。他们作为奢侈品的定位是针对新加坡精英的，他们可能更注重质量和购买独特的想法 ，而不是以较低的价格购买。这为新加坡坚果和零食协会提供了一个机会，强调从澳大利亚进口的澳洲坚果的质量，这是一种优质和健康的产品。
Singapore’s solid economic stability also helps guarantee that the business environment for firms in the premium food industry is stable. The country is well-positioned in the global trade map and has a well-developed transport network that enables easy transportation of goods from international suppliers. In the case of Nuts and Snacks Singapore, importing macadamia nuts and oil from Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd of Australia can be done without minimal disruption and limited logistical costs. Singapore has one of the most advanced ports globally, and customs processes guarantee that imports are quickly processed. This ensures limited disruption risks for the company, helping maintain consistent product availability.
新加坡稳固的经济稳定性也有助于保证 优质食品行业公司的经营环境稳定。 该国在全球贸易地图中处于有利地位，并拥有发达的运输网络，可以轻松运输来自国际供应商的货物。 以新加坡坚果和零食公司为例，从澳大利亚的 Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd 进口澳洲坚果和坚果油可以在没有最小干扰和有限物流成本的情况下进行。新加坡拥有全球最先进的港口之一，海关流程保证进口得到快速处理。这确保了公司有限的中断风险，有助于保持一致的产品可用性。
Moreover, the government of Singapore provides various types of assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which contributes to favourable environment for businesses. There is support from the government in the form of financial assistance, grants, and resources from entities such as Enterprise Singapore to support business growth, development, and diversification into new markets (Enterprise Singapore, 2024). In areas like new product development, marketing, and financing for supply chain improvement, such initiatives could help Nuts and Snacks Singapore. Programs that provide subsidies for international trade and export development assist in lowering the steep costs of importing premium products, thus enhancing business competitiveness within the domestic market.
此外，新加坡政府为中小企业 （SME） 提供各种援助，这有助于为企业创造有利的环境。政府以财政援助、赠款和资源的形式提供支持，例如新加坡企业发展局（Enterprise Singapore），2024 年）。 在新产品开发、营销和供应链改善融资等情况下，此类举措可以帮助 Nuts and Snacks Singapore。 为国际贸易和出口发展提供补贴的计划有助于降低进口优质产品的高昂成本，从而提高国内市场的商业竞争力。
Moreover, the government is committed to promoting business innovations, which complements Nuts Singapore Snacks’ positioning of the product as convenient and healthy. By leveraging the available grants, the company should consider creating personalized packaging that can further improve its appeal to environmentally conscious and affluent market segments.
此外，政府致力于促进商业创新，这与 Nuts Singapore Snacks 将产品定位为方便和健康相辅相成。 通过利用可用的赠款，公司应考虑创建个性化包装，以进一步提高其对具有环保意识和富裕细分市场的吸引力。
5. Challenges and Risks
5. 挑战和风险
Despite the preceding advantages, there are also threats and risks that will affect Nuts and Snacks Singapore, while importing and selling macadamia nuts and oils. These challenges mainly concern legal issues and competitive strategies that can potentially reduce the firm’s prospects of introducing and maintaining this new product line without major hurdles.
尽管具有上述优势，但仍然存在威胁和风险，这些威胁和风险将影响新加坡坚果和零食，同时进口和销售澳洲坚果和油。这些挑战主要涉及法律问题和竞争战略，这可能会降低公司在没有重大障碍的情况下引入和维护这一新产品线的前景。
Regulatory Compliance
法规遵从性
The major element necessitating consideration regarding food imports in Singapore is its strict regulatory requirements. The Singapore Agri Food & Veterinary Authority (AVA) which is under the Singapore Food Agency is responsible for inspecting every food imported into Singapore for health check or any other precaution for instance labelling or safety before being sold in the market (Singapore Food Agency, 2019). It has serious implications, including possible product clearance delays, fines, and in the worst-case scenario, rejection of the entire consignment. This is especially the case with foods under the highly regulated categories especially those categorized as perishable foods such as macadamia nuts due to their short shelf-life as well as the possibility of containing allergens.
新加坡食品进口需要考虑的主要因素 是其严格的监管要求。 新加坡农业食品与兽医局（AVA）隶属于新加坡食品局，负责检查进口到新加坡的每一种食品，进行健康检查或任何其他预防措施，例如在市场销售前进行标签或安全检查（新加坡食品局，2019）。 它会产生严重影响，包括可能导致产品清关延误、罚款，在最坏的情况下，还会拒收整批货物。 对于受到严格监管类别的食品尤其如此，尤其是那些被归类为易腐食品的食品，例如澳洲坚果，因为它们的保质期短，而且可能含有过敏原。
To meet the specifications of the products offered as Macadamia nuts and Macadamia oil by Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd, products offered by Nuts and Snacks Singapore should meet all required specifications prescribed by AVA/SFA regulations. Singapore’s food safety regulations state that the imported food products must not be contaminated, the food items should be properly handled during transportation and also the packing must meet the requirements. They include the country of origin, dates of expiry, and nutritional information of the packaging of the products. Noncompliance with these guidelines may result in a lengthy clearance of goods through customs, a tarnished image of the brand, and increased operation costs.
为了满足 Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd 提供的澳洲坚果和澳洲坚果油产品的规格 ，Nuts and Snacks Singapore 提供的产品应符合 AVA/SFA 法规规定的所有要求规格。新加坡的食品安全法规规定，进口食品不得受到污染，食品在运输过程中应妥善处理，包装必须符合要求。 它们包括原产国、有效期和商品包装的营养信息 。不遵守这些指南可能会导致 商品通过海关的时间过长、品牌形象受损以及运营成本增加。
Another vital element is the allergen labelling requirement, classified under regulatory compliance (International Trade Administration, 2024). Since nuts are among the common food allergens in Singapore, it is mandatory for any food that contains nuts to display the necessary warning on the labels. Notably, nuts have been ranked among these common allergens; thus, failure to include information about the allergens would attract fines and legal responsibility in a customer-related incident. The labels of macadamia products in Nuts and Snacks Singapore must include a clear statement that addresses allergen concerns to avoid legal issues and protect the consumers.
另一个重要因素是 过敏原 label ling要求，归类为监管合规（国际贸易管理局，2024 年）。由于坚果是新加坡常见的食物过敏原之一，因此任何含有坚果的食品都必须在标签上显示必要的警告。值得注意的是，坚果已被列为这些常见的过敏原之一; 因此，在 C Ustomer 相关事件中，未能包含有关过敏原的信息将招致罚款和法律责任。新加坡坚果和零食协会的澳洲坚果产品标签必须包含明确的声明，以解决过敏原问题，以避免法律问题并保护消费者。
The firm may have to improve its quality control system and labels to conform to current and future regulatory requirements. This could necessitate liaising with Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd to guarantee that all goods are properly labeled, registered, and accredited for Singapore’s market. Supplementary audits or inspections of the supplier and the products may also be required to ensure continuous compliance. Although this results in operational challenges, it is crucial for the proper flow of imports and the safety of consumers. Lack of compliance with the laws in this area may lead to significant setbacks for the business, for example, delays at customs or loss of customers’ trust.
该公司可能不得不改进其质量控制系统和标签，以符合当前和未来的监管要求。 这可能需要 与 Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd 联络，以确保所有商品都为新加坡市场贴上适当的标签、注册和认证。此外，还可能需要对供应商和产品进行补充审核或检查，以确保持续合规。尽管这会带来运营挑战，但对于进口产品的正常流动和 消费者的安全至关重要。不遵守该领域的法律可能会导致业务遭受重大挫折，例如海关延误或失去买家的信任。
Competition
竞争
The targeted healthy snack market in Singapore is saturated. Several established brands already offer similar products, especially in the nuts and dried fruits categories. Some popular brands include Signature Market and SuperNature, which offer different types of nuts, seeds, and dried fruits at affordable prices. These companies have created a loyal market through their effective brands and affordable prices, and this is direct competition to Nuts and Snacks Singapore as it seeks to penetrate the market with macadamia nuts and oil.
新加坡的目标健康零食市场已经饱和。一些知名品牌已经提供类似的产品，尤其是在坚果和干果类别中。一些受欢迎的品牌包括 Signature Market 和 SuperNature，它们以实惠的价格提供不同类型的坚果、种子和干果。这些公司通过其有效的品牌和实惠的价格创造了一个忠实的市场，这是与 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 的直接竞争，因为它寻求用澳洲坚果和油渗透市场。
For instance, Signature Market offers natural and roasted nuts and mixed nuts packs that are affordable to suit budget-conscious health-conscious consumers. In the same way, SuperNature aims to increase its sales of expensive organic foods that cater only to the selective market of affluent niche market consumers who prefer organic foods because of their health benefits and sustainability. Both companies have a well-established brand image and huge customer base, which could act as a barrier to entry for Nuts and Snacks Singapore in this market if it does not have a clear differentiation strategy.
例如，Signature Market 提供价格实惠的天然和烤坚果以及混合坚果包，适合注重预算、注重健康的消费者。同样，SuperNature 旨在增加其昂贵的有机食品的销售，这些食品只迎合富裕的利基市场消费者的选择性市场，这些消费者更喜欢有机食品，因为它们对健康有益且具有可持续性。两家公司都拥有良好的品牌形象和庞大的客户群，如果没有明确的差异化战略，这可能会成为 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 进入该市场的障碍。
As a result of this threat, Nuts and Snacks Singapore must create a distinct market segment for its macadamia products. The initial strategy could be a product differentiation plan, which employs unique packaging, branding, and advertising techniques. For instance, it may advertise how the Australian macadamia nuts are organic and sourced sustainably compared to the other sellers’ products. This could also be a unique selling point because macadamia nuts are usually regarded as luxury food items due to their expensive production and scarcity. If Nuts and Snacks Singapore underscored that it offers a premium snack, more people would be willing to pay a higher price for healthy and eco-friendly snacks. Another potential area of differentiation could be creating new packaging using environmentally friendly or recyclable packaging materials that appeal to the target market. As Singapore has recently shifted its focus towards sustainability, implementing environmentally friendly policies in the company could prove to be an edge for Nuts and Snacks Singapore.
由于这种威胁，Nuts and Snacks Singapore 必须为其澳洲坚果产品 创造一个独特的细分市场。 最初的策略可以是商品差异化计划，该计划采用独特的包装、品牌和广告技术。例如，它可能会宣传与其他卖家的产品相比，澳大利亚澳洲坚果是有机的和可持续采购的。这也可能是一个独特的卖点，因为澳洲坚果由于其 昂贵的生产和稀缺性而通常被视为奢侈品。如果 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 强调它提供优质零食，就会有更多的人愿意为健康和环保的零食支付更高的价格。另一个潜在的差异化领域可能是使用环保或可回收的包装材料创造新的包装，这些包装适合目标市场。由于新加坡最近将重点转向可持续发展，在公司实施环保政策可能被证明是 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 的一个优势。
Moreover, adding distinctive flavor variations or seasonal products can also enhance the brand appeal catering to marketing segments that seek gourmet or exotic snack options. This market is also willing to pay premium prices for these products. However, the company has to be mindful of the risks of differentiation in a competitive market. The cost of customer acquisition could increase significantly if the company fails to communicate the value of macadamia products effectively. Hence, it is important for Nuts and Snacks Singapore to develop corresponding online and offline marketing strategies to attract the target group. This may also involve using local celebrities or participating in wellness events that can help boost brand awareness amidst strong competition.
此外，添加独特的风味变化或季节性产品还可以增强品牌吸引力，迎合寻求美食或异国情调零食选择的营销细分市场。这个市场也愿意为这些产品支付高价。但是，公司必须注意 在竞争激烈的市场中实现差异化的风险。如果公司不能有效地传达澳洲坚果产品的价值，获客成本可能会大大增加。因此，Nuts and Snacks Singapore 制定相应的线上和线下营销策略以吸引目标群体非常重要。这还可能涉及与当地名人合作或参加健康活动，这有助于在激烈的竞争中提高品牌知名度。
6. Logistics and Transportation Process
6. 物流和运输过程
Importing macadamia nuts and oil from Waliz Nuts to Singapore is done through coordinated steps. The goods start in the possession of Waliz Nuts, which is accountable until they are handed to the carrier and the responsibility transfers to Nuts and Snacks Singapore.
从 Waliz Nuts 进口澳洲坚果和坚果油到新加坡是通过协调步骤完成的。 货物开始时由 Waliz Nuts 拥有，该公司负责，直到它们交给承运人，责任转移给 Nuts and Snacks Singapore。
Supplier’s Responsibility (Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd)
供应商责任 （Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd）
The supplier, Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd, is expected to ensure the goods are packed and ready for dispatch. This includes packaging the macadamia nuts in vacuum bags to improve their quality and duration. The branding, information, nutritional value, and allergens agreed upon with the company are applied on the macadamia nuts and oil. Once the products are packed and labelled, they must be taken to the corresponding transport provider at Port Botany Seaport Sydney, Australia. Thus, the general FCA terms’ requirements for Waliz Nuts are fulfilled.
供应商 Waliz Nuts Pty Ltd 应确保货物已包装并准备好发货。这包括将澳洲坚果装在真空袋中，以提高其质量和持续时间。与公司商定的品牌、信息、营养价值和过敏原适用于 澳洲坚果和坚果油。产品包装完毕并引导后，必须将其带到澳大利亚悉尼博塔尼港的相应运输供应商处。因此，满足了 Waliz Nuts 的一般 FCA 条款要求 。
Freight Forwarding and Export Documentation
货运代理和出口文件
There are several important steps in the logistics chain for importing macadamia nuts and oil from Waliz Nuts to Singapore. Waliz Nuts is accountable for packaging the products through vacuum packing and labelling their products in preparation for shipping and delivering them to the carrier at Port Botany Seaport, Australia. A freight forwarder is involved in export documentation and oversees the shipping process. After the shipment of the goods, usually through sea freight to PSA Singapore, the liability of customs clearance, import taxes, and delivery to Nuts Singapore Snacks’ packing facility for retail purposes lies with the buyer. This well-coordinated process ensures that the products delivered are high quality and efficient.
从 Waliz Nuts 进口澳洲坚果和坚果油到新加坡的物流链中有几个重要步骤。 Waliz Nuts 负责通过真空包装包装产品，并将 ir 产品捆绑起来，准备运输并将其运送到澳大利亚植物港海港的承运人。货运代理参与出口文件并监督运输过程。货物装运后（通常通过海运运至 PSA Singapore），清关、进口税和运送到 Nuts Singapore Snacks 的零售包装设施的责任由买方承担。这种协调良好的过程确保了交付的产品是高质量和高效的。
Shipping to Singapore
运送到新加坡
Seaborne is the cheapest mode of transport of one hundred kilograms of macadamia nuts and five oil drums from Port Botany Seaport Australia to PSA Singapore. This sea journey usually takes 7 - 10 days although depending on the time table and the climate it can take longer than that. Air freight is also relatively costly as compared to sea freight of such size and weight of the shipment and hence can only be used to transport bulky shipments. It also encompasses more flexibility in handling volume particularly where items are bulk properly like the nuts and the oil drums to make it the most appropriate means of cheap and practical inter jurisdiction transport.
海运是从澳大利亚植物港海港到 PSA 新加坡最便宜的运输方式，可运输 100 公斤澳洲坚果和 5 个油桶。这次海上旅行通常需要 7 到 10 天，但根据时间表和气候，可能需要更长的时间。与同等尺寸和重量的货物的海运相比，空运的成本也相对较高，因此只能用于运输大件货物。它还包括处理体积的更大灵活性，尤其是在坚果和油桶等散装物品的情况下，使其成为最合适的廉价和实用的跨司法管辖区运输方式。
Customs Clearance in Singapore
新加坡清关
Once the goods get to the PSA Singapore, they undergo a rigorous customs clearance process before they are allowed into the country. Singapore Customs then examines the consignment to check if it complies with all the necessary importation standards. Such procedures include ensuring that the shipment complies with the Singapore food safety requirements, checking the labels on the shipment to ensure they meet the regulatory provisions of Singapore, and reviewing the documentation as encompassed in the commercial invoice, the packing list, and any health certificates.
货物到达 PSA Singapore 后，在被允许进入该国之前要经过严格的清关程序。然后，新加坡海关会检查这批货物，以检查其是否符合所有必要的进口标准。这些程序包括确保货物符合新加坡食品安全要求，检查货物上的标签以确保它们符合新加坡的监管规定，以及审查商业发票、装箱单和任何卫生证书中包含的文件。
Consequently, Nuts and Snacks Singapore must ensure that all the necessary permits for the importation of the goods are obtained before releasing them. Taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST) must be paid at this stage depending on the total value of the goods that have been imported. Failure to meet Singapore’s strict customs regulations may cause delays, fines, or outright rejection of the consignment; therefore, it is crucial to ensure that all documents are accurate, and products conform to health regulations in Singapore.
因此，Nuts and Snacks Singapore 必须确保在放行货物之前获得进口货物的所有必要许可证。在此阶段必须支付商品和服务税 （GST） 等税款，具体取决于已进口商品的总价值。未能满足新加坡严格的海关规定可能会导致货物延误、罚款或被直接拒收;因此，确保所有文件准确无误，并且产品符合新加坡的卫生法规至关重要。
Transportation to the packing facility
运输到包装设施
Once the goods arrive at the port, they undergo customs formalities before they are delivered to the local logistics service provider to transport them to Nuts Singapore Snacks packaging centre. During this stage the products are transported from the port to the company’s ware house where they are unloaded from the shipping containers, and packed for the market.
货物到达港口后，先办理海关手续，然后再交付给当地物流服务提供商，运到 Nuts Singapore Snacks 包装中心。在这个阶段，产品从港口运输到公司的仓库，在那里它们从集装箱中卸下，并包装到市场上。
The macadamia nuts will be portioned and packed in small bags that will be used to sell one packet or one serving of the macadamia nuts while the oils will be packed in small bottles or sachets for easy usage. The final step also assists in guaranteeing that the food products meet the established quality standards and freshness before selling them in the e-commerce market and to corporate buyers.
澳洲坚果将被分装在小袋子里，用于出售一包或一份澳洲坚果，而油将被包装在小瓶子或小袋中，以便于使用。最后一步还有助于保证食品在电子商务市场和企业买家销售之前符合既定的质量标准和新鲜度。
Flowchart of Logistics Process:
物流流程图：
7. Conclusion
7. 总结
In conclusion, the proposed business of Nuts and Snacks Singapore company is well-positioned to successfully import and sell macadamia nuts and oil in the Singapore premium market. Using the already-developed brand reputation allows the company to broaden its understanding of the brand as a provider of high-quality products to meet the need for healthy snacks that are considered premium. This expansion is backed by Singapore’s social-cultural and economic environment, which provides considerable opportunities for growth.
总之，Nuts and Snacks Singapore 公司的拟议业务处于有利地位，可以在新加坡高端市场成功进口和销售澳洲坚果和坚果油。利用已经建立的品牌声誉，公司可以拓宽对品牌作为高质量产品供应商的理解，以满足对优质健康零食的需求。这种扩张得到了新加坡的社会文化和经济环境的支持，这为增长提供了相当大的机会。
However, there are several threats that the company has to deal with, including regulatory compliance requirements on the food industry and competition in the segment of healthy food products. These risks can be mitigated if Nuts and Snacks Singapore ensures the use of secure payment methods for products, complies with the rules for importing products, and efficiently manages the supply chain logistics to add macadamia nuts and oil to its range of products, which would increase customer satisfaction and drive future growth.
但是，该公司必须应对多种威胁，包括食品行业的监管合规要求和健康食品领域的竞争。如果 Nuts and Snacks Singapore 确保对产品使用安全的付款方式，遵守进口产品的规定，并有效管理供应链物流，将澳洲坚果和坚果油添加到其产品系列中，这将提高客户满意度并推动未来增长，则可以减轻这些风险。
References
引用
Enterprise Singapore. (2024). Growing your business is our business. https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/
新加坡企业发展局。（2024）. 发展您的业务就是我们的业务。 https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/
International Trade Administration. (2024, May 1). Singapore - Labeling/Marking requirements. International Trade Administration | Trade.gov. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/singapore-labelingmarking-requirements
国际贸易管理局。（2024 年 5 月 1 日）。新加坡 - 贴标/标记要求。国际贸易管理局 |Trade.gov。https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/singapore-labelingmarking-requirements
Khanh
庆, N. T., &
， N. T.， &Sangdel
桑德尔, D. (2019). Singapore-a golden treasure of ASEAN.
，D.（2019 年）。新加坡 - 东盟的黄金宝藏。https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62585768/_Nguyen_Thi_Kieu_Khanh_-_Kiki__5E_assignment-libre.pdf?1585864878=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DSingapore_a_golden_treasure_of_ASEAN.pdf&Expires=1729161910&Signature=WyeXtRJzYHTTRECjBHplYWy6-OJEoCAJtbq6m4wJgrP~2elvgfOb2q2krTOd3yUK-ToKI3U3bT7Us6OqM2OnmsEQAIapYyZpvFbtAmIpaXBavnWcn1paSup2tVLCnZZnXnvwi3qhAI7m2tReqnI8SfZ5o5xSHjK2mExMLNqBgmYHPQZ2-614iC1An-JEyxZW1~mENrmKZfM9IYBoOlxYs1Z80vgzE59XDRcJHXcjilhsgBSuw4lzx4H58Rsk94kXjXbnSEMNgFrs32oRuvV2r5JZZTv119ZSerr6TICS9GlDMC760DVbIjWjxePY6YO97mstKPC9jPAqCkn~PWQPBg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
Moore, M. (2016). David Aaker. Aaker on branding: 20 principles that drive success. New York, NY: Morgan James publishing (2014) pp. 208. Journal of Marketing Channels, 23(3), 162-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/1046669x.2016.1186475
摩尔， M.（2016 年）。大卫·阿克尔。Aaker 谈品牌塑造：推动成功的 20 条原则。纽约州纽约市：摩根詹姆斯出版社 （2014） 第 208 页。营销渠道杂志，23（3），162-163。 https://doi.org/10.1080/1046669x.2016.1186475
Nuts and Snacks Singapore. (2024). Your Premium Boutique Nuts and Snacks Shop. Checking your browser before accessing. Just a moment... https://nutsandsnacks.com.sg/
新加坡坚果和零食。（2024）. 您的高级精品坚果和小吃店。访问前检查您的浏览器。请稍等片刻... https://nutsandsnacks.com.sg/
Qureshi, J. (2022). Process of letter of credit (LC). SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4006900
库雷希， J.（2022 年）。信用证 （LC） 流程。SSRN 电子期刊。 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4006900
Riwanti, A. (2024). Legal Guarantee Of The Parties In The Export Payment System For Business Actors And Consumers With Telegrapic Transfer Payment Method. JURIHUM: Journal of Innovation and Humanities, 22(1), 134-144. http://jurnalmahasiswa.com/index.php/Jurihum/article/download/978/649
里万蒂， A.（2024 年）。使用远程转账支付方式为商业参与者和消费者提供出口支付系统中各方的法律保证。JURIHUM：创新与人文杂志，22（1），134-144。http://jurnalmahasiswa.com/index.php/Jurihum/article/download/978/649
Seguias, L., & Tapper, K. (2018). The effect of mindful eating on subsequent intake of a high calorie snack. Appetite, 121, 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.041
Seguias， L.， & Tapper， K. （2018）.正念饮食对随后摄入高热量零食的影响。食欲， 121,93-100。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.041
Singapore Accreditation Council. (2022, May 23). Health conscious? You’re not alone. https://www.sac-accreditation.gov.sg/media/case-studies/health-conscious-youre-not-alone/
新加坡认证委员会。（2022 年 5 月 23 日）。注重健康？您并不孤单。 https://www.sac-accreditation.gov.sg/media/case-studies/health-conscious-youre-not-alone/
Singapore Food Agency. (2019, January 2). New Singapore food agency to oversee food safety and security. Food for Thought. https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-for-thought/article/detail/new-singapore-food-agency-to-oversee-food-safety-and-security
新加坡食品局。（2019 年 1 月 2 日）。新成立的新加坡食品局负责监督食品安全和安保。发人深思的东西。https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-for-thought/article/detail/new-singapore-food-agency-to-oversee-food-safety-and-security