SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
新加坡管理学院
Taxation
税收
Study Guide
学习指南
Version 1.0
版本 1.0
SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
新加坡管理学院
Taxation
税收
Study Guide
学习指南
Version 1.0
版本 1.0
Study Guide
学习指南
Taxation
税收
Study Guide Developer : Jasmine Ang
学习指南 开发人员:Jasmine Ang
Production : SIM Global Education
制作:SIM全球教育
Study Guide © SIM Global Education 2021
学习指南 © SIM 全球教育 2021
All rights reserved.
保留所有权利。
No part of this material may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from SIM Global Education
未经SIM全球教育书面许可,不得以任何形式或任何方式复制本材料的任何部分
First Version @ October 2021
第一版 @ 2021 年 10 月
Current Version @ January 2024
当前版本 @ 2024 年 1 月
Contents
内容
TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO SINGAPORE TAX 17
主题 1:新加坡税务简介 17
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF TAXATION 17
1.1 税收目标 17
1.2 SOURCES OF GOVERNMENT OPERATING REVENUE 17
1.2 政府营业收入来源 17
1.3 ROLE OF INLAND REVENUE AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE (IRAS) 17
1.3 新加坡税务局(IRAS)的角色 17
1.4 Income Tax Act - Charging Section 18
1.4 所得税法 - 征收第 18 条
1.5 BASIC TAX CONCEPTS 18
1.5 基本税务概念 18
1.5.1 YEAR OF ASSESSMENT (Y/A) 18
1.5.1 课税年度 (Y/A) 18
1.5.2 BASIS PERIOD 18
1.5.2 基期 18
1.6 TERRITORIAL BASIS OF TAXATION 21
1.6 地域征税依据 21
1.7 INCOME VS CAPITAL GAINS 22
1.7 收入与资本收益 22
1.7.1 Tree and Fruit Analogy 22
1.7.1 树和果子的类比 22
1.7.2 Fixed vs Circulating Capital 22
1.7.2 固定资本与流动资本 22
1.7.3 Badges of Trade 23
1.7.3 贸易徽章 23
1.8 TAX EXEMPT VS NON-TAXABLE INCOME 26
1.8 免税收入与非应税收入 26
1.9 DETERMINATION OF INCOME 26
1.9 收入的确定 26
1.10 TYPES OF TAXPAYERS 27
1.10 纳税人的种类 27
1.11 CONCEPT OF TAX RESIDENCE 27
1.11 税务居民概念 27
1.12 RATES OF TAX 28
1.12 税率 28
1.13 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 31
1.13 教程问题 31
TOPIC 2: TAXATION OF INDIVIDUALS 1 32
议题2:个人征税 1 32
2.1 CONCEPT OF TAX RESIDENCE 32
2.1 税务居民概念 32
2.1.1 Qualitative Test (primary test) 32
2.1.1 定性测试(初级测试) 32
2.1.2 Quantitative Test 33
2.1.2 定量测试 33
2.1.3 Administrative Concessions 33
2.1.3 行政特许权 33
2.2 EMPLOYMENT INCOME 34
2.2 就业收入 34
2.3 DIVIDENDS – S10(1)(d) 36
2.3 股息 – S10(1)(d) 36
2.4 INTEREST – S10(1)(d) 36
2.4 利息 – 第10(1)(d)条 36
2.5 RENTAL INCOME - S10(1)(f) 37
2.5 租金收入 - 第10(1)(f)条 37
2.6 GAINS OR PROFITS OF AN INCOME NATURE – S10(1)(g) 37
2.6 收入性质的收益或利润 – 第10(1)(g)条 37
2.7 EXEMPT INCOME –S.13 37
2.7 免税收入 –S.13 37
2.8 CLAIM FOR EXPENSES 38
2.8 费用报销 38
2.9 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 41
2.9 教程问题 41
TOPIC 3: TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL 2 43
议题 3:个人征税 2 43
3.1 GAINS OR PROFIT FROM ANY EMPLOYMENT 43
3.1 从任何就业中获得的收益或利润 43
3.2 Source of employment income 43
3.2 就业收入来源 43
3.3 Short-term visiting employees 44
3.3 短期访问员工 44
3.4 taxability of receipts from employment 44
3.4 就业收入的可征税性 44
3.4.1 Wages, salary and commission 45
3.4.1 工资、薪金和佣金 45
3.4.4 Commission 47
3.4.4 佣金 47
3.4.5 Director’s Fees 47
3.4.5 董事费 47
3.4.6 Leave Pay 47
3.4.6 休假工资 47
3.4.7 Allowances versus Reimbursements 47
3.4.7 津贴与报销 47
3.4.8 Perquisites / Benefits in Kind 48
3.4.8 实物津贴/福利 48
3.5 SOME NON-TAXABLE EMPLOYMENT RECEIPTS 56
3.5 一些非应税就业收入 56
3.5.1 Payments for restrictive covenants 56
3.5.1 限制性契约的付款 56
3.5.2 Compensation for loss of office 56
3.5.2 丧失职务的赔偿 56
3.6 DEDUCTIONS ALLOWED AGAINST EMPLOYMENT INCOME 56
3.6 就业收入的扣除额 56
3.7 Tutorial Questions 57
3.7 教程问题 57
TOPIC 4: PERSONAL RELIEFS 60
主题 4:个人救济 60
4.1 PERSONAL RELIEFS 60
4.1 个人救济 60
4.2 EARNED INCOME RELIEF 60
4.2 劳动收入减免 60
4.3 SPOUSE RELIEF 60
4.3 配偶救济 60
4.4 CHILD RELIEF 61
4.4 儿童救济 61
4.4.1 Qualifying child relief/Handicapped child relief 61
4.4.1 合格儿童救济/残疾儿童救济 61
4.4.2 Working Mother’s Child Relief 62
4.4.2 在职母亲子女救济 62
4.5 GRANDPARENT CAREGIVER RELIEF (GCR) 62
4.5 祖父母照顾者救济 (GCR) 62
4.4 FOREIGN MAID LEVY – 2 times of levy paid 63
4.4 外国女佣征费 – 已缴征费的 2 倍 63
4.5 PARENT/HANDICAPPED PARENT RELIEF 63
4.5 父母/残疾父母救济 63
4.6 HANDICAPPED SIBILING RELIEF 64
4.6 残疾人减贫 64
4.7 NATIONAL SERVICEMEN RELIEF 65
4.7 国民军人救济 65
4.7.1 NSman Wife relief 65
4.7.1 NSman 妻子救济 65
4.7.2 NSman Parent relief 65
4.7.2 NSman 父母救济 65
4.8 RELIEF FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO CPF 66
4.8 对公积金缴款的减免 66
4.9 COURSE FEE RELIEF 68
4.9 课程费用减免 68
4.10 APPROVED DONATIONS 68
4.10 核准捐款 68
4.11.1 Parenthood Tax Rebate 69
4.11.1 亲子退税 69
4.11.2 Personal Tax Rebate 69
4.11.2 个人退税 69
4.12 FORMAT OF TAX COMPUTATION FOR A RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL 70
4.12 居民个人的税收计算格式 70
4.13 Tutorial Questions 71
4.13 教程问题 71
TOPIC 5: TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME 74
议题5:营业所得的征税 74
5.1 SCOPE OF TAX 75
5.1 税项范围 75
5.2 TAX RESIDENCE OF COMPANIES 76
5.2 公司税务居民身份 76
5.4 SOURCE OF BUSINESS RECEIPTS 77
5.4 营业收入来源 77
5.5 TAX RATE FOR COMPANIES 77
5.5 公司税率 77
5.6 CORPORATE TAX EXEMPTION SCHEME 77
5.6 公司免税计划 77
5.8 Tutorial Questions 80
5.8 教程问题 80
TOPIC 6: BUSINESS DEDUCTIONS 82
主题 6:商业扣除 82
6.1 Principles of Deductions 82
6.1 演绎原则 82
6.2 COMMON PROHIBITED EXPENSES 83
6.2 常见违禁费用 83
6.3 DEDUCTIONS ALLOWED 85
6.3 允许扣除 85
6.3.2 Repairs & Renewals 85
6.3.2 维修和更新 85
6.3.3 Bad & doubtful debts 86
6.3.3 坏账和呆账 86
6.3.4 Employers’ contributions to approved pension or provident fund 86
6.3.4 雇主对核定退休金或公积金的缴款 86
6.3.5 Medisave contribution to employee Medisave account 86
6.3.5 向员工保健储蓄账户供款 86
6.3.6 Payments to employees who are immediate family or related parties 87
6.3.6 向直系亲属或关联方雇员支付的款项 87
6.3.7 Motor vehicle expenses 87
6.3.7 机动车费用 87
6.3.8 Medical Expenses 87
6.3.8 医疗费用 87
6.3.9 Entertainment 88
6.3.9 娱乐 88
6.3.10 Fines & penalties 88
6.3.10 罚款和处罚 88
6.3.11 Legal Fees 88
6.3.11 法律费用 88
6.3.12 Accounting Depreciation 88
6.3.12 会计折旧 88
6.3.13 Subscription & Entrance Fees 88
6.3.13 订阅和入场费 88
6.3.14 Losses through theft etc. 88
6.3.14 盗窃等造成的损失 88
6.3.15 Exchange Differences 89
6.3.15 交换差异 89
6.4 SPECIAL DEDUCTIONS 89
6.4 特别扣除 89
6.6 Tutorial Questions 92
6.6 教程问题 92
TOPIC 7: CAPITAL ALLOWANCES 94
议题7:资本津贴 94
7.1 PLANT AND MACHINERY 94
7.1 设备和机械 94
7.2 WHO IS ENTITLED TO CLAIM CAPITAL ALLOWANCE? 95
7.2 谁有权申请资本免税额?95
7.3 QUALIFYING CAPITAL EXPENDITURE 95
7.3 合格资本支出 95
7.4 MANNER OF CAPITAL ALLOWANCE CLAIM 95
7.4 资本免税额申请方式 95
7.4.1 Section 19 96
7.4.1 第19节 96
7.4.2 Section 19A 100
7.4.2 第19A 100节
7.5 BALANCING ADJUSTMENTS 103
7.5 平衡调整 103
7.6 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING ALLOWANCE (IBA) 105
7.6 工业建筑津贴(IBA) 105
7.7 LAND INTENSIFICATION ALLOWANCE (LIA) 105
7.7 土地集约化津贴(LIA) 105
7.8 Tutorial Questions 107
7.8 教程问题 107
8.1 CARRY FORWARD RELIEF 110
8.1 结转减免 110
8.2 CARRY-BACK RELIEF 112
8.2 结转救济 112
8.3 GROUP RELIEF 115
8.3 团体救济 115
8.4 FORMAT OF TAX COMPUTATION OF A COMPANY 121
8.4 公司税务计算格式 121
8.5 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 122
8.5 教程问题 122
TOPIC 9: TAXATION OF FOREIGN SOURCED INCOME 125
议题9:外国来源收入的征税 125
9.1 MEANING OF “RECEIVED IN SINGAPORE” 125
9.1 “在新加坡收到”的含义 125
9.2 TAX EXEMPTION OF FOREIGN INCOME 126
9.2 国外收入免税 126
9.2.1 Exemption for individuals 126
9.2.1 个人豁免 126
9.2.2 Exemption for companies 126
9.2.2 公司豁免 126
9.3 RELIEF FROM DOUBLE TAXATION 128
9.3 避免双重征税 128
9.4 Tutorial QUESTIONS 130
9.4 教程问题 130
TOPIC 10: TAXATION OF NON-RESIDENTS 132
议题10:非居民的税收 132
10.1 NON-RESIDENT INDIVIDUALS 132
10.1 非居民个人 132
10.1.1 Non-resident Employees 132
10.1.1 外地雇员 132
10.2 NON-RESIDENT COMPANIES 134
10.2 非居民公司 134
10.3 EXCLUSIONS AND EXEMPTIONS 134
10.3 排除和豁免 134
10.4 RATES OF WITHOLDING TAX 135
10.4 预扣税税率 135
10.5 DUE DATE FOR PAYMENT OF WITHHOLDING TAX 136
10.5 预扣税缴纳期限 136
10.6 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 138
10.6 教程问题 138
TOPIC 11: GOODS AND SERVICES TAX 141
议题11:商品及服务税 141
11.1 CONCEPT AND COLLECTION OF MULTI-STAGE GST 142
11.1 多阶段商品及服务税的概念和征收 142
11.2 GST REGISTRATION 143
11.2 商品及服务税注册 143
11.2.1 Compulsory Registration 143
11.2.1 强制登记 143
11.2.2 Voluntary Registration 143
11.2.2 自愿注册 143
11.3 SUPPLY OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN SINGAPORE 144
11.3 新加坡的商品和服务供应 144
11.3.1 Place of Supply 144
11.3.1 供货地点 144
11.3.2 Types of Supplies 145
11.3.2 耗材种类 145
11.3.3 Supply made by a Taxable Person 147
11.3.3 应纳税人提供的供应 147
11.3.4 Supply must be made in the course or furtherance of business 148
11.3.4 必须在业务过程中或业务促进过程中进行 148
11.4 IMPORT OF GOODS 148
11.4 货物进口 148
11.5 IMPORT OF SERVICES 148
11.5 服务进口 148
11.6 TIME OF SUPPLY 149
11.6 供应时间 149
11.7 VALUE OF SUPPLY 149
11.7 供应价值 149
11.8 INPUT TAX CREDITS 149
11.8 进项税抵免 149
11.9 ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS 150
11.9 行政事项 150
11.10 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 153
11.10 教程问题 153
TOPIC 12: ADMINISTRATION OF SINGAPORE TAXATION 157
主题 12:新加坡税务管理 157
12.1TYPES OF RETURN 157
12.1退货种类 157
12.2 Estimate of Chargeable Income 159
12.2 应课税入息估算 159
12.3 ASSESSMENTS 159
12.3 评估 159
12.4 ERRORS OR MISTAKES IN RETURN 160
12.4 返回中的错误或错误 160
12.5 PAYMENT OF TAX 160
12.5 缴纳税款 160
12.6 OBJECTIONS 161
12.6 反对意见 161
12.7 OFFENCES AND PENALTIES NON-COMPLIANCE 162
12.7 不遵守规定的罪行和处罚 162
Module Syllabus
模块教学大纲
SINGAPORE TAXATION
新加坡税务
CONTENT
内容
This module aims to provide students with the rationale and the functions of the tax system in Singapore. The module considers the common types of taxes that an accounting practitioner in Singapore should be familiar with, such as income tax from business activity, employment, investments as well as the working of the goods and services tax. Having covered the core areas of the basic taxes, the student should be able to compute the tax liabilities for companies and sole proprietors, work out the tax liabilities for individuals as well as have a grasp of the application and mechanics of the Goods and Services Tax system. Students would also be taught the different rules relating to tax administration and compliance with respect to filing and payment deadlines and the attendant penalties.
本课程旨在为学生提供新加坡税收制度的基本原理和功能。该模块考虑了新加坡会计从业者应该熟悉的常见税收类型,例如来自商业活动、就业、投资的所得税以及商品和服务税的运作。在涵盖了基本税的核心领域后,学生应该能够计算公司和独资经营者的纳税义务,计算出个人的纳税义务,并掌握商品和服务税制度的应用和机制。学生还将学习与税务管理有关的不同规则,以及有关申报和付款截止日期的合规性以及随之而来的处罚。
MODULE AIMS
模块目标
The aims of this module are to:
本模块的目的是:
Explain the overall function and purpose of the taxation system in the Singapore economy, and to appreciate the difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion.
解释税收制度在新加坡经济中的整体功能和目的,并了解避税和逃税之间的区别。
Define the scope of individual tax, taking into account allowable deductions and personal reliefs.
确定个人税的范围,同时考虑到允许的扣除和个人减免。
Define the scope of business tax and profits chargeable to corporate income tax, taking into account the more common tax savings techniques and identify exemptions and deductions available to companies to minimise tax liabilities.
确定企业所得税的营业税和利润范围,同时考虑到更常见的节税技术,并确定公司可用的免税和扣除,以尽量减少纳税义务。
Define the scope of goods and services tax (GST) and explain the GST registration requirements and compute GST payments and refunds.
定义商品和服务税 (GST) 的范围,解释 GST 注册要求,并计算 GST 付款和退税。
Identify and explain the obligations of taxpayers in Singapore and the implications of non-compliance within the regulatory framework.
在监管框架内识别并解释新加坡纳税人的义务以及不合规的影响。
LEARNING OUTCOMES
学习成果
On completion of this module, a student will be able to:
完成本模块后,学生将能够:
1. Have an appreciation and understanding of:
1. 对以下方面有欣赏和理解:
The overall function and purpose of taxation in a modern economy.
现代经济中税收的整体功能和目的。
The common types of taxes that we encounter in Singapore.
我们在新加坡遇到的常见税种。
Principal sources of revenue law and practice.
税收法律和实践的主要来源。
The scope of personal taxation.
个人税收的范围。
The scope of corporate income tax.
企业所得税的适用范围。
The scope of goods and services tax (GST).
商品及服务税(GST)的范围。
2. Demonstrate module specific skills with respect to:
2. 展示以下方面的模块特定技能:
Comprehensive computation of taxable income and income tax liability of individuals
个人应纳税所得及所得税义务综合计算
Comprehensive computation of the income tax liability of sole traders and companies
综合计算个体经营者和公司的所得税负债
Computation of GST payments/refunds
消费税支付/退税的计算
3. Show cognitive skills with respect to:
3. 展示以下方面的认知技能:
Determination of taxable income from the various sources under the Income Tax Act
根据《所得税法》确定各种来源的应纳税所得额
The time limits for the submission of information, claims and payment of tax
提交信息、索赔和缴纳税款的时限
The procedures relating to enquiries, appeals and disputes
有关查询、上诉和争议的程序
Penalties for non-compliance
对违规行为的处罚
The GST registration requirements
GST注册要求
4. Demonstrate transferable skills in:
4. 展示以下方面的可转移技能:
The use of exemptions and reliefs in deferring and minimizing income tax liabilities of individuals
使用豁免和减免来推迟和尽量减少个人的所得税负债
The use of exemptions and deductions in deferring and minimizing corporate income tax liabilities
使用免税和扣除来递延和减少企业所得税负债
Delivery of Module and Lesson Plan | |||
S/N | Topics | Session Learning Outcomes At the completion of this session, participants will be able to: | Recommended Text, Readings and/or Activities |
1. | Introduction to Income Taxation | 1. Explain the purposes of taxation in a modern economy. 2. Outline the sources of tax revenue in Singapore. 3. Scope of Income Tax in Singapore. 4. Basic tax concepts and terminology. | Taxation Module Book Session 1 |
2. | Taxation of Individuals I (Overview) | Scope of taxation for individuals from sources other than trade/business. Understand the concept of tax residence for individuals. 3. Overview of exempt income applicable to individuals. 4. Deductions allowable. | Taxation Module Book Session 2 |
3. | Taxation of Individuals II (Employment Income) | Understand the various gains and benefit from employment. Appreciate the taxability of Employment receipts. Know the non-taxable employment receipts. Appreciate the deductions allowable against employment income. Overview of the NOR scheme. Preliminary format of a tax computation for individuals. | Taxation Module Book Session 3 |
4. | Personal Reliefs and Tax Rebates | 1. Outline the reliefs available in the taxation of resident individuals including those for contributions to the Central Provident Fund as well as Supplementary Retirement Scheme. 2. Explain the various tax rebates. 3. General format of tax computation for individuals encompassing taxable income from all sources. | Taxation Module Book Session 4 |
5. | Taxation of Business Income | Explain what is business/trade, profession and vocation. Discuss the six badges of trade. Basis of taxation for business receipts. Determination of tax residence of companies. Tax exemptions and rebates for companies. General format of tax computation for business/trade. | Taxation Module Book Session 5 |
6. | Business Deductions | Understand the deductibility of expenses. Understand the different deductions allowed in business. Overview of further and special deductions with focus on S14Q special deduction. | Taxation Module Book Session 6 |
7. | Capital Allowances | 1. Understand what is qualifying plant and machinery. 2. Computation of S19 and S19A capital allowance claims. 3. Comprehend capital allowance for assets acquired on hire-purchase basis. 4. Calculate the balancing adjustments on disposal of assets. 5. Compute industrial building allowance and the balancing adjustments. 6. Introduction to the Land Intensification Allowance. | Taxation Module Book Session 7 |
8. | Utilization of Trade losses, allowances and donations
| Options available on the utilization of unabsorbed losses, capital allowances and donations. Explain the group relief system. Prepare a tax computation for companies. | Taxation Module Book Session 8 |
9. | Taxation of Foreign Sourced Income | Basis of taxation of foreign sourced income. Definition of “received in Singapore”. Foreign Sourced Income Exemption scheme. Relief for foreign taxes suffered. | Taxation Module Book Session 9 |
10. | Taxation of Non-Residents | Tax treatment of various non-resident individuals. Types of income deemed sourced in Singapore. Concept of withholding tax. Withholding tax compliance rules. | Taxation Module Book Session 10 |
11. | Goods and Services | 1. Describe the scope and rationale of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act. 2. Understand the GST registration requirements. 3. Understand the concept of supplies for GST purposes. 4. Compute GST liabilities. | Taxation Module Book Session 11 |
12 | Tax Administration, Taxation Avoidance and Tax Evasion | 1. Describe the various returns of income. 2. Know the Employer’ Obligation. 3. Explain the various assessments. 4. Describe the appeals and collections of taxes. 5. Outline the various offences and penalties. 6. Understand Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion. | Taxation Module Book Session 12 |
Teaching and Learning Methods |
Participants will learn through a combination of lectures, discussion, case studies and computations. Participants will be expected to learn independently by carrying out reading and directed study beyond that available within taught classes. |
Indicative Readings | |
Recommended Textbook | Serena Gan & Jasmine Ang, Taxation Module Book, SIM Global Education, 2021 (revised) |
Supplementary reading | Sum Y. L. (2022/2023), Singapore Tax Workbook, 24th Edition. CCH Asia, Singapore. ISBN 9789814838092 Statutes such as the Income Tax Act and the Goods and Services Tax Act are available for on-line viewing at http://statutes.agc.gov.sg. E-Tax Guides issued by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) can be found at http://www.iras.gov.sg/ |
Online Journals | Use of online databases like LexisNexis International and references to: Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, Singapore Law Reports and Singapore Accountant. |
Assessment/Coursework To satisfy module requirements, students must attain a minimal overall mark of 50 percent in the module. Students are also required to comply with other examination and continuous assessment policies stipulated in the programme handbook. Specific for this module are the following requirements: | |
Weighting between components A and B - A: 60% B: 40% | |
Element Description | % of Assessment |
Component A (Controlled Conditions) | |
Examination (120 minutes) | 60% |
Component B (CA: Continuous Assessment) | |
CA | 40% |
Total (Component A + B) | 100% |
TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO SINGAPORE TAX
主题1:新加坡税务简介
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF TAXATION
1.1 征税目标
To raise revenue for the government
为政府增加收入
To redistribute wealth on a socially acceptable basis
在社会可接受的基础上重新分配财富
To price undesirable products to take into account their social costs
为不受欢迎的产品定价,以考虑其社会成本
To act as an instrument to achieve the government’s economic aims.
作为实现政府经济目标的工具。
1.2 SOURCES OF GOVERNMENT OPERATING REVENUE
1.2 政府营业收入来源
There are three main sources of operating revenue:
营业收入主要有三个来源:
Revenue from taxation
税收收入
This forms the most significant source arising from the various taxes imposed by the government such as income tax, property tax, goods and services tax, road tax, etc.
这是政府征收的各种税种(如所得税、财产税、商品和服务税、道路税等)产生的最重要来源。
Fees and charges
费用及收费
These arise from the provision of services, sale of goods, issuance of licences and permits, fines and forfeitures, etc.
这些费用来自提供服务、销售货物、颁发执照和许可证、罚款和没收等。
Other receipts
其他收据
This would generally be income from investments.
这通常是投资收入。
1.3 ROLE OF INLAND REVENUE AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE (IRAS)
1.3 新加坡税务局(IRAS)的角色
IRAS was incorporated on 1 September 1992 and acts as an agent for the Singapore Government to assess, collect and enforce payment of taxes. The Commissioner of Inland Revenue (“CIR”) is the head of the IRAS. The IRAS is responsible for administering the following Acts (not exhaustive) relating to the collection of taxes in Singapore:
IRAS 成立于 1992 年 9 月 1 日,是新加坡政府的代理机构,负责评估、征收和强制缴纳税款。税务局局长(“CIR”)是IRAS的负责人。IRAS负责管理以下与新加坡税收有关的法案(并非详尽无遗):
Income Tax Act
所得税法
Economic Expansion Incentives (Relief from Income Tax) Act
《经济扩张激励(所得税减免)法》
Goods & Services Tax Act
商品和服务税法
Property Tax Act
财产税法
Betting & Sweepstake Duties Act
博彩和抽奖税法
Private Lotteries Act
《私人彩票法》
We will focus on the Income Tax Act and the Goods and Services Tax Act for this module.
在本模块中,我们将重点介绍《所得税法》和《商品和服务税法》。
1.4 Income Tax Act - Charging Section
1.4 所得税法 - 收费部分
The Income Tax Act lays down the provisions relating to the imposition and collection of income tax. The basis of imposing Singapore income tax is found in Section 10(1) of the Income Tax Act, also commonly known as the “charging section”.
《所得税法》规定了有关所得税的征收和征收的规定。征收新加坡所得税的依据是《所得税法》第10(1)条,通常也称为“收费部分”。
Section 10(1) states:
第10(1)条规定:
“Income tax shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be payable at the rate or rates specified hereinafter for each year of assessment upon the income of any person accruing in or derived from Singapore or received in Singapore from outside Singapore in respect of-
“在不违反本法规定的情况下,对于在新加坡境内或从新加坡境外在新加坡获得的任何人的收入,应按下文规定的税率缴纳所得税:
S10 (1) (a) gains or Profits from any Trade, Business, Profession or Vocation, for whatever period of time such…….may have been carried on or exercised.
第10条第(1)款(a)项 任何行业、业务、专业或职业的收益或利润,无论该等业务、业务、专业或职业在何种时间段内.......可能被经营或行使。
S10(1) (b) gains or profits from any Employment
第10(1)(b)条从任何雇佣中获得的收益或利润
S10(1) (c) (deleted by Act 29/65)
第10(1)(c)条(由第29/65号法令删除)
S10(1) (d) dividends, Interest or Discounts
第10(1)(d)条股息、利息或折扣
S10(1) (e) any pension, Charge or Annuity
第10(1)(e)条任何退休金、收费或年金
S10(1) (f) rents, royalties, premium & any other profits arising from property; and
第10(1)(f)条租金、特许权使用费、地价和任何其他由财产产生的利润;和
S10(1) (g) any gains or profits of an income nature not falling within any preceding paragraphs”
第10(1)(g)条不属于前述任何段落的任何收入性质的收益或利润”
It should be noted that income tax is imposed not just on individuals who reside in Singapore and companies with operations in Singapore, it can also be imposed on individuals and companies who do not live or operate out of Singapore.
应该注意的是,所得税不仅适用于居住在新加坡的个人和在新加坡开展业务的公司,还可以对不在新加坡境外居住或经营的个人和公司征收所得税。
BASIC TAX CONCEPTS
基本税务概念
1.5.1 YEAR OF ASSESSMENT (Y/A)
1.5.1 课税年度(年/年)
This is the statutory tax year in which income tax is calculated and charged. For Singapore tax purposes, each Y/A begins on 1 January and ends on 31 December.
这是计算和征收所得税的法定纳税年度。就新加坡税务而言,每个 Y/A 从 1 月 1 日开始,到 12 月 31 日结束。
1.5.2 BASIS PERIOD
1.5.2 基期
The determination of the basis period for any Y/A is important as it determines the amount of income that will be subjected to tax for that Y/A.
确定任何 Y/A 的基期很重要,因为它决定了该 Y/A 的纳税收入金额。
Singapore adopts a “preceding year basis of taxation” which means that income tax payable for any Y/A is based on the income derived in the preceding year, i.e. the year before. This would normally be the 12 months preceding the Year of Assessment.
新加坡采用“上一年的税收基础”,这意味着任何年度/年度的应纳所得税都是基于上一年(即前一年)的收入。这通常是课税年度前的12个月。
For example, the tax payable for the Y/A 2021 is calculated based on income earned in the preceding year 2020.
例如,2021 年年度的应纳税额是根据 2020 年上一年的收入计算的。
The basis period for any Y/A is also dependent on the nature of income that is assessable to income tax as shown below:
任何Y/A的基期还取决于应纳税收入的性质,如下所示:
Nature of Income | Basis Period for Y/A 2021 |
Income from employment (salary, bonus), investment (interest, dividend, rental) | Preceding calendar year basis = 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 |
Income from trade, business, profession or vocation (including investment income *) | Preceding accounting year basis = 1 May 2019 to 30 April 2020 for accounting year ending 30 April |
Table 1.1
表 1.1
* Where investment income, like interest, dividend and rental, is derived incidental to / through the conduct of a trade/business, the investment income will be assessed on the preceding accounting year basis.
* 如果投资收入(如利息、股息和租金)是因贸易/业务的开展而附带或通过进行而产生的,则投资收入将按上一会计年度进行评估。
Basis period of newly set up business
新成立企业的基期
Generally, each basis period should not be more than 12 months. For example, assume Innova Pte Ltd was incorporated on 17 July 2020 and its first set of accounts is drawn up for the period from 17 July 2020 to 31 December 2020. For tax purposes, Innova’s income earned for the period 17 July to 31 December 2020 will be subject to tax in the Y/A 2021.
一般来说,每个基期不应超过12个月。例如,假设Innova Pte Ltd于2020年7月17日注册成立,其第一套账目是在2020年7月17日至2020年12月31日期间编制的。出于税收目的,Innova在2020年7月17日至12月31日期间赚取的收入将在2021年全年纳税。
Where the first basis period is more than 12 months, then apportion the whole period by “moving back” 12 months from the date of the first accounting year end to ascertain the “2nd” year of assessment.
如果第一个基期超过12个月,则从第一个会计年度结束之日起“向后移动”12个月,以确定“2 nd ”课税年度。
Assume Premier Pte Ltd was incorporated on 16 November 2019 and its first set of accounts was for the period from 16 November 2019 to 31 December 2020. For tax purposes, Premier’s income for the period from 16 November 2019 to 31 December 2019 will be subject to tax in Y/A 2020 and its income for the period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 will be assessed in Y/A 2021.
假设Premier Pte Ltd于2019年11月16日注册成立,其第一套账目为2019年11月16日至2020年12月31日期间。出于税收目的,总理在2019年11月16日至2019年12月31日期间的收入将在2020年年度纳税,其2020年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间的收入将在2021年年度评估。
Basis period where there is a change in accounting year end
会计年度终末发生变化的基期
Where the financial statements cover a period that is more than 12 months as a result of a change in accounting year end, you may have to apportion the adjusted profit/losses to two different YAs.
如果财务报表涵盖的期间因会计年度结束的变化而超过 12 个月,您可能需要将调整后的损益分摊到两个不同的年度。
No apportionment needed: Where the change is within the same YA (e.g. accounting year end changes from 30 Jun to 31 Dec with effect from 2019), the company can prepare one set of tax computation for YA 2021 based on the accounts from 1 Jul 2019 to 31 Dec 2020.
无需分摊:如果变更在同一年度内(例如,从2019年6月30日至12月31日的会计年度结束变更),公司可以根据2019年7月1日至2020年12月31日的账目为2021年度准备一套税务计算。
Where the change is across two YAs (e.g. accounting year end changes from 31 Dec 2019 to 31 Mar 2020), the company needs to prepare two separate tax computations i.e. for YA 2020 and YA 2021.
如果变化发生在两个年度(例如,从 2019 年 12 月 31 日至 2020 年 3 月 31 日的会计年度结束变化),公司需要准备两个单独的税收计算,即 2020 年和 2021 年。
Basis period in cessation year
停止年度的基期
When a source of income ceases, the basis period for the final year of Assessment would be from date of beginning of basis period to date of cessation of income. For example,
当收入来源停止时,最后一课税年度的基期为基期开始之日至收入终止之日止。例如
John Tan retired from his job as accountant at Premier Pte Ltd on 31 July 2020. He decided to take a long holiday thereafter and does not intend to look for another job. He has no other sources of income. For the Y/A 2021, John’s tax liability will be based on his employment income for the period from 1 January 2020 to 31 July 2020.
John Tan 于 2020 年 7 月 31 日从 Premier Pte Ltd 的会计师职位上退休。此后,他决定休长假,不打算再找工作了。他没有其他收入来源。对于 2021 年年度,John 的纳税义务将基于他在 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 7 月 31 日期间的就业收入。
TERRITORIAL BASIS OF TAXATION
地域征税依据
Singapore adopts a territorial basis of taxation. Thus, income is chargeable to Singapore tax only if
新加坡采用地域征税制。因此,只有在以下情况下,收入才应缴纳新加坡税
It is derived from or accrued in Singapore (commonly termed sourced in Singapore); or
它源自新加坡或在新加坡累积(通常称为源自新加坡);或
It is derived from or accrued outside Singapore (commonly termed sourced outside Singapore) but is received (remitted to) in Singapore
它来自新加坡境外或在新加坡境外累积(通常称为新加坡境外来源),但在新加坡收到(汇出)
Where income is sourced in Singapore, it is important to establish when the income is derived or accrued to the taxpayer, in other words, when the income is earned. In most instances, this can be readily established by when goods are delivered or when services are performed. However, in the case of investment income, the determination of when the investment income is earned may not be straight forward. For instance, when is fixed deposit interest income earned? Depositors are entitled to the interest only if they hold the fixed deposit placement until maturity. For example, if Premier Pte Ltd has a 6-month fixed deposit placement maturing on 30 May 2020 and the interest earned for the 6-month period (1 December 2019 to 30 May 2020) is $240, the total interest income of $240 is subject to Singapore tax in the Y/A 2021 as the income was earned on 30 May 2020 when the fixed deposit matured.
如果收入来自新加坡,重要的是要确定收入何时来源或应计给纳税人,换句话说,何时赚取收入。在大多数情况下,这可以通过货物交付或服务执行时轻松确定。但是,就投资收益而言,何时赚取投资收益可能并不简单。例如,定期存款利息收入何时赚取?存款人只有在持有定期存款直至到期时才有权获得利息。例如,如果Premier Pte Ltd的6个月定期存款于2020年5月30日到期,而6个月期间(2019年12月1日至2020年5月30日)的利息收入为240美元,则240美元的利息收入总额需在2021年全年缴纳新加坡税,因为该收入是在2020年5月30日定期存款到期时赚取的。
Where income is sourced outside Singapore (commonly termed foreign sourced income), it is also important to determine whether that income is received in Singapore or not and if received in Singapore, when the income is received. Foreign sourced income is not taxable in Singapore until the income is received in Singapore. Under Section 10(15) of the Income Tax Act, foreign income is treated as received in Singapore under the following circumstances:
如果收入来自新加坡境外(通常称为外国来源收入),则确定该收入是否在新加坡收到,以及如果在新加坡收到,则何时收到收入也很重要。在新加坡收到收入之前,外国来源的收入在新加坡不征税。根据《所得税法》第10(15)条,在以下情况下,外国收入被视为在新加坡收到:
“remitted to, transmitted or brought into Singapore;
“汇往、传送或带入新加坡;
applied in or towards the satisfaction of any debt incurred in respect of a trade or business carried on in Singapore; or
用于或用于清偿与在新加坡进行的贸易或业务有关的任何债务;或
applied to purchase any movable property which is brought into Singapore”.
申请购买带入新加坡的任何动产“。
Where the foreign income is received in Singapore, the income will only be subject to Singapore tax based on the year the income was received. For example, David has interest earned from a fixed deposit placed with a bank in Malaysia. The deposit matured on 28 December 2019 and the interest earned was remitted to Singapore on 3 January 2020. The foreign interest although earned on 28 December 2019 will be taxable in Singapore in Y/A 2021 as it was only received in basis year 2020.
如果外国收入是在新加坡收到的,则该收入仅需根据收到收入的年份缴纳新加坡税。例如,David从马来西亚一家银行的定期存款中赚取了利息。存款于2019年12月28日到期,所赚取的利息已于2020年1月3日汇入新加坡。外国利息虽然在2019年12月28日赚取,但将在2021年全年在新加坡纳税,因为它仅在2020年收到。
INCOME VS CAPITAL GAINS
收入与资本收益
Only gains, profits or receipts that are income in nature will be subject to Singapore tax. There is currently no capital gains tax in Singapore. The following concepts can be used to distinguish between revenue and capital receipts.
只有属于收入性质的收益、利润或收入才需要缴纳新加坡税。新加坡目前没有资本利得税。以下概念可用于区分收入和资本收入。
1.7.1 Tree and Fruit Analogy
1.7.1 树和果子的类比
Capital is equivalent to the tree whilst revenue is the fruit. Even after the fruit has been picked, the tree still exists. In other words, capital is the asset that produces the income.
资本相当于树,而收入是果实。即使在果实被采摘后,这棵树仍然存在。换句话说,资本是产生收入的资产。
For instance, a residential apartment (the tree) has been rented out to yield rental income (the fruit) over the years. After 5 years, the owner decided to sell the apartment. The annual rental receipt is revenue/income in nature and thus taxable while the proceed from the sale of the apartment is capital and thus not taxable. This is because after the sale, the source of the rental income will be gone.
例如,多年来,住宅公寓(树)已被出租以产生租金收入(果实)。5年后,业主决定出售公寓。年度租金收入本质上是收入/收入,因此应纳税,而出售公寓的收益是资本,因此无需纳税。这是因为出售后,租金收入的来源将消失。
1.7.2 Fixed vs Circulating Capital
1.7.2 固定资本与流动资本
Fixed capital is used in the course of business to produce income. Any receipts from the sale of fixed capital are capital receipts. For example, plant and machinery is used to produce goods for sale. So the plant and machinery is fixed capital as it is kept in the business over a long period of time to continue to produce goods for sale. When it is eventually sold off due to obsolescence or wear and tear, the proceeds from the sale should be capital in nature and not taxable.
固定资本在业务过程中用于产生收入。出售固定资本的任何收入都是资本收入。例如,工厂和机械用于生产待售商品。因此,工厂和机器是固定资本,因为它在很长一段时间内保持在业务中,以继续生产用于销售的商品。当它最终因过时或磨损而被出售时,出售的收益应该是资本性质的,不征税。
On the other hand, circulating capital are assets that are continuously churned in the course of business and sold or used in the manufacture of the final product for sale. For example, the trading stock of a property developer are its development projects and thus proceeds from the sale of units in the development property are revenue receipts and hence taxable.
另一方面,流动资本是在业务过程中不断搅动并出售或用于制造最终销售产品的资产。例如,房地产开发商的交易股票是其开发项目,因此出售开发物业单位的收益是收入,因此应纳税。
It should be noted that what is fixed capital for one business may be circulating capital for another. For example, the proceeds from the sale of a van would be capital receipt for a clothes retailer because the van is used to deliver clothes to the outlets for sale or to customers. The van is the fixed asset while the clothes are the circulating asset. However, in the hands of a vehicle distributor, the sale proceeds from the sale of vans would be revenue as he is in the business of selling vans; the vans are his circulating assets.
应该注意的是,一个企业的固定资本可能是另一个企业的流动资本。例如,出售一辆面包车的收益将是服装零售商的资本收入,因为面包车用于将衣服运送到商店出售或交付给客户。面包车是固定资产,衣服是流通资产。然而,在车辆经销商手中,销售货车的销售收入将是收入,因为他从事的是销售货车的业务;货车是他的流通资产。
Just as there is no tax imposed on receipts that are capital in nature, any loss incurred that is capital in nature will not be allowed for deduction.
正如不对具有资本性质的收据征税一样,任何具有资本性质的损失都不允许扣除。
1.7.3 Badges of Trade
1.7.3 贸易徽章
Usually, where the receipt is derived from a trading activity i.e. buying and selling of goods or provision of services, the receipt thereof would be treated as income in nature and taxable (i.e. sale of a circulating asset). However, there are instances where it is difficult to establish if a trading activity has taken place and hence there is doubt as to whether the remuneration from such activity should be treated as income or capital in nature. For example, if Mr Tan owns a few residential properties which he rents out and over the years, he has sold two of them, will the proceeds from the sale of the two properties be treated as capital or revenue in nature? In practice, the “badges of trade” is used to help establish if a transaction is to be treated as a trading transaction or not. The six badges of trade are:
通常,如果收入来自贸易活动,即买卖货物或提供服务,则其收入将被视为收入并应纳税(即出售流通资产)。然而,在有些情况下,很难确定是否发生了交易活动,因此对于这种活动的报酬是否应被视为收入或资本性质存在疑问。举例来说,如果陈先生拥有数个出租的住宅物业,多年来已售出其中两个物业,出售该两个物业的收益会否被视为资本或收入?在实践中,“交易徽章”用于帮助确定交易是否被视为交易。这六种贸易徽章是:
Motive
动机
To conclude that a trade is being conducted, there has to be a motive to buy for the purpose of resale at a profit and not to keep the asset to generate income. Or there must be a motive to charge in return for services provided.
要得出正在进行交易的结论,必须有以转售为目的的购买获利的动机,而不是保留资产以产生收入。或者必须有收费的动机来换取所提供的服务。
In Simmons v IRC (1980), a taxpayer company originally acquired properties for investment but later sold them as the prospects (e.g. rental income) for investment properties were bad. It was held that the sale was a realization of investment or capital and not a sale in the course of trade.
在Simmons v IRC (1980)一案中,一家纳税人公司最初收购物业用于投资,但后来由于投资物业的前景(例如租金收入)不佳而出售。法院认为,出售是投资或资本的实现,而不是贸易过程中的出售。
Subject matter of realization
实现标的物
This refers to the nature of the asset. Here we are looking at the ease with which the asset or property in question is easily tradeable. A distinction also needs to be made between whether the asset or property is one which may be normally held as an investment or as a subject of a deal or trade. Investment characteristics of an asset or property are:
这是指资产的性质。在这里,我们着眼于相关资产或财产易于交易的难易程度。还需要区分资产或财产是通常作为投资持有的资产或财产,还是作为交易或贸易的标的。资产或物业的投资特征是:
Capable of generating an income to the owner during the period of ownership (e.g. Stocks and shares)
能够在所有权期间为所有者创造收入(例如股票和股份)
Ownership gives the owner the pride of possession (e.g. Paintings and antiques)
所有权赋予所有者占有的自豪感(例如绘画和古董)
However, there is also a presumption of trading if goods bought for personal use are excessive in quantities for personal needs. For example, in the case of Rutledge v IRC, a taxpayer bought one million rolls of toilet paper from a bankrupt German firm for one thousand pounds while in Berlin on business. The toilet rolls were sent to United Kingdom and the taxpayer eventually found a buyer who bought the whole quantity for twelve thousand pounds giving the taxpayer a handsome profit. The purchase and sale of one million rolls of toilet paper at a profit by the taxpayer was held to be trade in nature and the profit subject to tax. This was despite the fact that this was the only transaction that the taxpayer was involved in. This was because the subject matter, being the toilet rolls, could not have been purchased for personal use or for investment purposes.
但是,如果为个人使用而购买的商品数量过多,则也可以推定交易。例如,在Rutledge诉IRC一案中,一名纳税人在柏林出差时以1000英镑的价格从一家破产的德国公司购买了100万卷卫生纸。卫生纸被送到英国,纳税人最终找到了一个买家,他以一万二千英镑的价格购买了全部数量,为纳税人带来了可观的利润。纳税人以盈利购买和出售100万卷卫生纸,被认定为贸易性质,利润须纳税。尽管这是纳税人参与的唯一交易。这是因为标的物是卫生纸,不可能为个人使用或投资目的而购买。
Length of period of ownership
所有权期限的长度
A short holding period will clearly invite closer scrutiny to determine if the property has been acquired with the objective of dealing. Conversely, the longer the period of holding or ownership, the less likely it would be treated as trading in that asset. For example, if a person purchases some shares and holds them for many years before selling them, he will be in a better position to argue that he is realizing an investment and not trading in shares than if he were to sell the share shortly after buying them. In Wisdom v Chamberlain, the taxpayer, an actor, purchased silver ingots as a hedge against an anticipated devaluation. The silver ingots were sold within slightly more than a year. The profit from the sale of the silver ingots was held to be a trading profit subject to tax.
较短的持有期显然会引起更严格的审查,以确定该财产是否是为了交易而收购的。相反,持有或拥有的时间越长,被视为该资产交易的可能性就越小。例如,如果一个人购买了一些股票并在出售之前持有多年,那么与他在购买股票后不久出售股票相比,他将更有能力争辩说他正在实现投资而不是股票交易。在Wisdom v Chamberlain一案中,纳税人(一名演员)购买了银锭,以对冲预期的贬值。银锭在一年多一点的时间内售出。出售银锭的利润被认定为应纳税的贸易利润。
Frequency of transaction
交易频率
The essence of a trade is to carry on a continuous stream of similar transactions. If such transactions take place repeatedly at around the same time, it is likely that a trade is being carried on. A transaction which is done once is likely not a trading activity. It is said in Pickford v Quirke where the taxpayer purchased and resold spinning mills repeatedly 4 times, “one transaction does not usually give rise to a finding of trading but systematic repetition gives rise to an inference of trading”.
交易的本质是进行连续的类似交易。如果此类交易大约在同一时间重复发生,则很可能正在进行交易。完成一次的交易可能不是交易活动。在Pickford v Quirke一案中,纳税人四次重复购买和转售纺纱厂,“一项交易通常不会引起交易的认定,但有系统的重复会引起交易的推论”。
Supplementary work done
完成的补充工作
If the asset, during ownership, is improved upon to increase its value or make it more marketable or the character of the asset is changed such as turning raw materials to finished goods, there is evidence of trading. Where there is an organized effort to earn profit, there is a source of taxable income. In Cape Brandy Syndicate v IRC, a group of accountants purchased 3,000 casks of Cape Brandy, shipped them to UK, blended them with French brandy, rebottled the brandy and then sold them in small lots within a period of 18 months to different purchasers. The profit arising was held to be trading profit subject to tax.
如果资产在所有权期间得到改进以增加其价值或使其更具市场价值,或者资产的性质发生变化,例如将原材料转化为成品,则有交易的证据。哪里有组织地努力赚取利润,哪里就有应税收入的来源。在Cape Brandy Syndicate v IRC一案中,一群会计师购买了3,000桶Cape Brandy,将它们运往英国,将它们与法国白兰地混合,重新装瓶,然后在18个月内将其小批量出售给不同的买家。产生的利润被认定为应课税的营业利润。
Circumstances leading to the realization
导致实现的情况
If there are good reasons for the realization of the property, such as due to an emergency (e.g. a threat of foreclosure of a business by creditors), this will help to support the case that no trading has taken place. The realization of a property due to a sudden need for money may negate the idea that there was an intention of dealing or trading in the property that prompted the original purchase of that property. For example, in SEA Sdn Bhd v DGIR (1988), a taxpayer bought a piece of land with the intention to cultivate it but later sold it because it was infertile – the land was not fit for the purpose that prompted its original purchase. The taxpayer was held to have realized an investment. In another case, OUF Pte Ltd V CIT, the Board of Review held that OUF’s purchase and subsequent disposal of shares due to the commercial prospect of these shares were not inconsistent with what an investor might do. There was no indication that OUF was dealing with those shares. The various reasons for purchase and sale of certain shares were:
如果有充分的理由实现财产,例如由于紧急情况(例如债权人威胁要取消企业的抵押品赎回权),这将有助于支持没有进行交易的情况。由于突然需要资金而变现财产可能会否定促使最初购买该财产的意图的想法。例如,在SEA Sdn Bhd v DGIR (1988)一案中,一名纳税人购买了一块土地,打算耕种它,但后来因为土地贫瘠而将其出售——该土地不适合最初购买的目的。纳税人被认定为已实现投资。在另一宗案件OUF Pte Ltd v CIT中,复核委员会认为,OUF因这些股份的商业前景而购买和随后出售股份,与投资者可能采取的行动并不矛盾。没有迹象表明OUF正在处理这些股票。买卖某些股份的各种原因是:
Shares in Sing Land were sold because earning prospects appeared bleak and were fraught with uncertainties
星地的股票被出售,因为盈利前景黯淡,充满不确定性
Shares in ICB were sold as there was in-fighting at the Board of Directors level and the Government had deferred proposed acquisition of a quarry in Pulau Ubin
由于董事会层面发生内讧,ICB的股份被出售,政府推迟了收购乌敏岛采石场的提议
Share in SPH were sold after reviewing that Singapore Monitor was suffering losses and its value was nil
在审查了新加坡监测公司遭受损失且其价值为零后,SPH的股份被出售
In addition to the above 6 badges, other factors may give further guidance in establishing whether a transaction or a series of transactions is trading in nature:
除了上述 6 个徽章外,其他因素可能会为确定一项交易或一系列交易是否具有交易性质提供进一步的指导:
Taxpayer’s trade – a one-off purchase of an antique item by a general merchant is more likely to be a trade transaction than such a purchase by a retired man who simply has a penchant for such antiquities.
纳税人的贸易 – 一般商人一次性购买古董物品,比仅对此类古董情有独钟的退休男子购买此类交易更有可能是贸易交易。
Destination of the proceeds - where the proceeds from a transaction are applied to purchase similar items that have been sold, it is an indication towards trade.
收益的去向 - 如果交易的收益用于购买已售出的类似物品,则表明交易。
Manner acquired – an item that was purchased and later sold at a profit is more likely to be a trade transaction than if that item had been bequeathed or gifted.
获得的方式 – 购买并随后出售以获利的物品比遗赠或赠与的物品更有可能是贸易交易。
Manner financed – If money was borrowed on a short-term basis (eg utilizing an overdraft facility), that is some indication towards an intention to buy the item with a view to its resale in the short term; thus an indication towards trade.
融资方式 – 如果资金是短期借来的(例如使用透支设施),则表明有意购买该物品以期在短期内转售;因此,这是对贸易的指示。
In conclusion, to establish if a trade or business exists, we will need to consider the whole range of activities undertaken by the taxpayer.
总之,要确定是否存在贸易或业务,我们需要考虑纳税人所从事的所有活动。
Any one or a combination of any of the above six badges can be used to conclude if a trading activity has taken place or not. In the example of Mr Tan, if it can be established based on the badges of trade that Mr Tan is carrying on a trade in property, then the proceeds from the sale of the apartment would be treated as income in nature and taxable.
上述六个徽章中的任何一个或组合都可以用来判断交易活动是否已经发生。 在陈先生的例子中,如果可以根据陈先生进行房地产交易的贸易徽章来确定,那么出售公寓的收益将被视为收入性质并应纳税。
In conclusion, generally, capital receipts are those that result from the sale of an income source (for e.g., sale of business or sale of real property from which rental income was derived previously), or through appreciation in market value of the asset with minimal effort expended to extract the capital appreciation.
总之,一般而言,资本收入是出售收入来源(例如,出售业务或出售以前获得租金收入的不动产)或通过资产市场价值升值而产生的资本收入,而为提取资本增值所花费的努力最少。
TAX EXEMPT VS NON-TAXABLE INCOME
免税与非应税收入
Receipts of a capital nature and income that is sourced outside Singapore fall outside the scope of the Income Tax Act and hence will not be subject to Singapore tax. They are termed non-taxable (or not taxable) income. There are also income receipts that are specifically exempted from Singapore tax under the Income Tax Act. In other words, these are taxable receipts but by legislation, the Comptroller of Income Tax does not collect the taxes due on such income receipts. These are termed tax-exempt income. Examples of exempt income include interest income earned by individuals from deposit placements with approved banks and licensed finance companies in Singapore, foreign sourced income received in Singapore by an individual and dividend received from shares held in a Singapore tax resident company.
来自新加坡境外的资本性质和收入的收入不属于《所得税法》的范围,因此无需缴纳新加坡税。它们被称为非应税(或非应税)收入。根据《所得税法》,还有一些收入收入被明确免征新加坡税。换句话说,这些是应税收入,但根据立法,所得税主计长不收取此类收入的应缴税款。这些被称为免税收入。免税收入的例子包括个人在新加坡经批准的银行和持牌金融公司存款所赚取的利息收入、个人在新加坡获得的外国来源收入以及从新加坡税务居民公司持有的股份中获得的股息。
DETERMINATION OF INCOME
收入的确定
To determine the tax payable, the following income must be ascertained:
要确定应纳税额,必须确定以下收入:
Statutory Income – This is the total of the person’s income derived from all sources (business, employment, investment, etc.) in the basis period or preceding year, net of deductible expenses and after deduction of capital allowances (covered under Taxation of Business Income).
法定收入 – 这是该人在基期或上一年从所有来源(商业、就业、投资等)获得的收入总额,扣除可扣除费用和扣除资本免税额后(包含在营业收入税中)。
Assessable Income – remainder of statutory income after deducting
应评税入息 – 扣除后剩余的法定入息
Losses in respect of trade, business, profession or vocation in prior years
前几年在贸易、商业、专业或职业方面的损失
Approved donations. Only specified donations made to the Singapore Government, Institutions of Public Character and other prescribed institutions will qualify for deduction at the rate of 2.5 times for donations made from 1/1/2009 to 31/12/2021. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of Singapore’s independence, all donations made in calendar year 2015 will be given deduction at the rate of 3 times in determining the assessable income for the relevant Year of Assessment.
批准的捐款。对于2009年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间的捐款,只有向新加坡政府、公共机构和其他指定机构提供的特定捐款才有资格按2.5倍的税率扣除。为庆祝新加坡独立50 th 周年,所有在2015历年作出的捐款,在厘定有关课税年度的应评税入息时,将按3倍的比率扣除。
Chargeable Income – This is the remainder of assessable income after deducting personal reliefs for Singapore resident individuals. For companies, this is the remainder after deduction of chargeable income that is partially exempted from Singapore tax (covered under chapter on Taxation of Business Income). Once the chargeable income is determined, the person’s Singapore tax liability can be ascertained by applying the relevant tax rates as stated below.
应课税收入 – 这是扣除新加坡居民个人个人减免后应评税收入的剩余部分。对于公司而言,这是扣除部分免征新加坡税的应课税收入后的剩余部分(在营业收入征税一章中涵盖)。一旦确定了应课税收入,就可以通过应用以下相关税率来确定该人的新加坡纳税义务。
TYPES OF TAXPAYERS
纳税人的种类
Singapore income tax is imposed on income derived by “any person” .
新加坡所得税是对“任何人”获得的收入征收的。
“Person” referred to in Section 2 of the Income Tax Act includes an individual, a company, a body of persons and a Hindu joint family.
《所得税法》第2条所指的“人”包括个人、公司、团体和印度教联合家庭。
A “company” can be incorporated in Singapore or elsewhere (eg Singapore branch of a foreign company)
“公司”可以在新加坡或其他地方注册成立(例如外国公司的新加坡分公司)
A “body of persons” excludes a company or a partnership. Examples would include clubs and associations.
“个人团体”不包括公司或合伙企业。例子包括俱乐部和协会。
A “Hindu joint family” means “what in any system of law prevailing in India is known as a Hindu joint family or a co-parcenary”.
“印度教联合家庭”是指“在印度现行的任何法律体系中被称为印度教联合家庭或共同家庭”。
For our purposes, we will focus only on the individual and companies. It is important to note that there are different rates of tax applicable to the different types of taxpayer.
出于我们的目的,我们将只关注个人和公司。需要注意的是,不同类型的纳税人有不同的税率。
CONCEPT OF TAX RESIDENCE
税务居住地的概念
The tax residence of an individual or a company is important as generally there are tax benefits accruing to one group that may not be available to the other group. Generally, there are better tax benefits accruing to individuals and companies that are tax resident in Singapore.
个人或公司的税务居民身份很重要,因为通常一个群体可以享受税收优惠,而另一个群体可能无法获得税收优惠。一般来说,在新加坡纳税的个人和公司可以享受更好的税收优惠。
An individual is treated to be tax resident in Singapore if the individual ordinarily resides in Singapore, except for temporary absences and includes one who is physically present or who exercises employment in Singapore for at least 183 days in the year preceding the Y/A (Section 2 of the Income Tax Act).
如果个人通常居住在新加坡,但暂时缺席除外,并且包括在 Y/A 之前的一年中实际存在或在新加坡工作至少 183 天的人,则该个人被视为新加坡的税务居民(所得税法第 2 条)。
A company is tax resident in Singapore if the control and management of its business is exercised in Singapore.
如果公司在新加坡行使其业务的控制和管理权,则该公司是新加坡的税务居民。
RATES OF TAX
税率
The rates of tax applicable to the different types of taxpayers are laid out in the Income Tax Act.
适用于不同类型纳税人的税率在《所得税法》中列出。
Resident Individuals
居民个人
Resident individuals are taxed on the graduated rates as set out in Part A of the Second Schedule1. The rates with effect from Y/A 2024 are as follows:
居民个人按附表 1 2A部分规定的累进税率征税。自 2024 年全年起生效的费率如下:
Chargeable Income “CI” ($) | Rate (%) | Gross Tax ($) |
On the first 20,000 | 0 | 0 |
On the next 10,000 | 2 | 200 |
On the first 30,000 | 200 | |
On the next 10,000 | 3.5 | 350 |
On the first 40,000 | 550 | |
On the next 40,000 | 7 | 2,800 |
On the first 80,000 | 3.350 | |
On the next 40,000 | 11.5 | 4,600 |
On the first 120,000 | 7,950 | |
On the next 40,000 | 15 | 6,000 |
On the first160,000 | 13,950 | |
On the next 40,000 | 18 | 7,200 |
On the first 200,000 | 21,150 | |
On the next 40,000 | 19 | 7,600 |
On the first 240,000 | 28,750 | |
On the next 40,000 | 19.5 | 7,800 |
On the first 280,000 | 36,550 | |
On the next 40,000 | 20 | 8,000 |
On the first 320,000 | 44,550 | |
On the next 180,000 | 22 | 39,600 |
On the first 500,000 | 84,150 | |
On the next 500,000 | 23 | 115,000 |
On the first 1,000,000 | 199,150 | |
In excess of $1,000,000 | 24 |
Up until YA 2019, resident individuals may also get to enjoy personal tax rebates (discount on tax bill) which is granted at the discretion of the Minister for Finance for specific YA.
在2019年之前,居民个人还可以享受个人退税(税单折扣),这是财政部长酌情为特定青年授予的。
There has been no personal tax rebate given to resident individual taxpayers for Y/A 2020 and thereafter.
2020年及以后,居民个人纳税人没有获得个人退税。
Non- Resident Individuals
非居民人士
They are taxed at the flat rate of 24% with effect from Y/A 2024 (previously 20% from Y/A 2014 to 2016 and then 22% from Y/A 2017 to Y/A 2023). However, there are various concessionary tax rates or tax exemptions available to specific income derived in Singapore or received in Singapore by a non-resident individual.
从 2024 年全年起,它们按 24% 的统一税率征税(之前从 2014 年到 2016 年是 20%,然后是 2017 年到 2023 年是 22%)。但是,对于在新加坡获得或非居民个人在新加坡获得的特定收入,可以享受各种优惠税率或免税。
Resident and Non-Resident Companies
居民和非居民公司
The current rate of tax applicable to income (both Singapore sourced and foreign sourced income received in Singapore) derived by both resident and non-resident companies is 17%. Again, there are tax exemptions / concessions that will lower the effective tax rate depending on whether the companies are resident in Singapore or not. In addition, for Y/A 2013 to 2015, companies (both resident and non-resident) were given a tax rebate of 30% but capped at $30,000. The corporate tax rebate for Y/A 2016 and 2017 was increased to 50% but capped at a maximum amount of $20,000 and $25,000 respectively. For Y/A 2018, the corporate tax rebate was further reduced to 40% but subject to a maximum cap of $15,000. The corporate tax rebate was further extended to Y/A 2019 but at the reduced rate of 20% and the maximum amount of the rebate capped at $10,000. Due to Covid-19, companies will get a 25% corporate tax rebate for Y/A 2020, capped at $15,000. There has been no corporate tax rebate given for Y/A 2021 and thereafter.
目前适用于居民和非居民公司的收入(在新加坡收到的来自新加坡和来自新加坡的收入)的税率为 17%。同样,根据公司是否居住在新加坡,有免税/优惠将降低有效税率。此外,在2013年至2015年,公司(包括居民和非居民)获得了30%的退税,但上限为30,000美元。2016年及2017年公司退税率上调至50%,但上限分别为20,000元及25,000元。2018年全年,公司退税进一步下调至40%,但最高上限为15,000元。公司退税进一步延长至2019年全年,但税率降低至20%,退税上限为10,000美元。由于 Covid-19,公司将在 2020 年获得 25% 的公司退税,上限为 15,000 美元。2021 年及以后没有给予公司退税。
Source: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ITA1947?ProvIds=Sc2-#Sc2-
来源: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ITA1947?ProvIds=Sc2-#Sc2-
OVERVIEW OF TAXATION IN SINGAPORE
新加坡税收概况
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
教程问题
1. State the basis period for Y/A 2021 for each of the following business with account year ending:
1. 说明以下各项业务的2021年年增长率基准期,会计年度结束:
a) 31 March
a) 3月31日
b) 30 September
b) 9月30日
c) 31 December
c) 12月31日
2. Evov Pte Ltd was incorporated on 2 October 2019 and intends to close its accounts each year on 30 November. State the basis period for the relevant Y/A if Evov prepares its first set of accounts to
2. Evov Pte Ltd 成立于 2019 年 10 月 2 日,并计划于每年 11 月 30 日关闭其账户。如果 Evov 准备其第一套账目,请说明相关 Y/A 的基期
a) 30 November 2019
a)2019年11月30日
b) 30 November 2020
b)2020年11月30日
3. United Motors Workshop Pte Ltd has been suffering losses for the past 3 years and decided to cease its business operation on 15 June 2019. The company’s accounting year-end is 30 September each year and commenced business since 1 January 1996. State the company’s Basis Period for the last three YA.
3. United Motors Workshop Pte Ltd在过去3年中一直处于亏损状态,并决定于2019年6月15日停止营业。该公司的会计年度结束时间为每年9月30日,自1996年1月1日开始营业。说明公司最近三个年度的基期。
4. Maggie’s last day of employment is 30 September 2018 and she then started her online clothing business on 15 December 2018. She intends to close her business accounts on 31 March each year, with her first accounts will be prepared in 2019. Further, Maggie has an investment property which is rented out. Her tenant did not renew the lease for her apartment when the lease term ended on 30 November 2019. She sold the property on 15 June 2020 after failing to get a new tenant. For each source of income / receipt, state the basis period for Y/A 2019, 2020 and 2021.
4. Maggie 的最后工作日是 2018 年 9 月 30 日,然后她于 2018 年 12 月 15 日开始了她的在线服装业务。她打算在每年的3月31日关闭她的商业账户,她的第一批账户将在2019年准备。此外,Maggie 还拥有一处出租的投资物业。她的租客在2019年11月30日租期结束时没有续租她的公寓。她于2020年6月15日出售该物业,因为未能找到新租户。对于每个收入/收入来源,请说明 2019 年、2020 年和 2021 年全年的基期。
TOPIC 2: TAXATION OF INDIVIDUALS 1
议题2:个人征税 1
CONCEPT OF TAX RESIDENCE
税务居住地的概念
It is important to note that taxation of individuals who are viewed as resident in Singapore as opposed to one who is not tax resident is Singapore can be vastly different, ranging from the types of income that are exempted from Singapore income tax, the claim for personal reliefs to the rates of tax applicable. In any case, whether resident in Singapore or not, the individual will be subject to Singapore so long as he or she has income sourced in or received in Singapore.
需要注意的是,被视为新加坡居民的个人与非新加坡税务居民的税收可能大不相同,从免征新加坡所得税的收入类型、个人减免申请到适用税率。在任何情况下,无论是否居住在新加坡,只要个人的收入来源于新加坡或在新加坡获得收入,他或她将受到新加坡的约束。
Section 2 of the Act defines a resident of to be
该法第2条将居民定义为
‘a person who, in the year preceding the year of assessment, resides in Singapore except for such temporary absences therefrom as may be reasonable and not inconsistent with a claim by such person to be a resident in Singapore, and includes a person who is physically present or who exercises employment in Singapore 183 days or more during the year preceding the year of assessment’
“在课税年度前一年居住在新加坡的人,除非暂时不在新加坡,但这种暂时缺席是合理的,并且与该人声称的新加坡居民不相抵触,并且包括在课税年度前一年内在新加坡实际居住或受雇183天或以上的人”
Hence, under Section 2 of the Act, the residence status of an individual is to be determined by two tests
因此,根据该法第2条,个人的居留身份应通过两项测试来确定
Qualitative test
定性测试
Quantitative test
定量试验
2.1.1 Qualitative Test (primary test)
2.1.1 定性测试(初级测试)
This test looks at where the individual normally resides other than short or temporary absences. The assessment under this test will be reviewed over a period of time. Various factors are used in establishing if an individual’s normal place of residence is in Singapore and they include:
该测试着眼于个人通常居住的地方,而不是短期或暂时缺席。该测试下的评估将在一段时间内进行审查。在确定个人的正常居住地是否在新加坡时,使用了各种因素,其中包括:
The nationality of the individual
个人的国籍
Whether the individual has family ties in Singapore;
个人在新加坡是否有家庭关系;
Whether the individual has a permanent abode in Singapore;
个人是否在新加坡有永久居留权;
Whether the individual has financial commitments in Singapore;
个人在新加坡是否有财务承诺;
The frequency, regularity and duration of visits to Singapore and the purpose of such visits.
访问新加坡的频率、频率和持续时间以及此类访问的目的。
Temporary Absence
临时缺勤
An individual can be assessed as a tax resident even if they were away from Singapore for whole or part of the year. This is based on that fact that the absence is considered temporary for e.g., a vacation or a job posting. The taxpayer should not have the intention of establishing a residence abroad.
即使个人全年或部分时间离开新加坡,也可以被评估为税务居民。这是基于这样一个事实,即缺勤被认为是暂时的,例如,休假或职位发布。纳税人不应有在国外建立住所的意图。
For most Singapore citizens and Singapore permanent residents, they would generally qualify as tax resident in Singapore under the qualitative test as they would have demonstrated that Singapore is their normal place of residence. For foreigners, they would not be able to pass the qualitative test and so, their tax residence status in Singapore will be determined using the quantitative test.
对于大多数新加坡公民和新加坡永久居民来说,根据定性测试,他们通常有资格成为新加坡的税务居民,因为他们可以证明新加坡是他们的正常居住地。对于外国人来说,他们将无法通过定性测试,因此,他们在新加坡的税务居民身份将使用定量测试来确定。
2.1.2 Quantitative Test
2.1.2 定量测试
If the requirements under the qualitative test are not met, an individual can also be regarded as tax resident in Singapore for any Y/A if during the 12 months immediately preceding that Y/A,
如果不符合定性测试的要求,如果个人在该 Y/A 之前的 12 个月内,
The individual is physically present in Singapore for 183 days or more; or
该个人在新加坡实际存在 183 天或更长时间;或
The individual is exercising employment in Singapore (other than as a director of a company) for 183 days or more
该个人在新加坡受雇(公司董事除外)183天或以上
The 183 days need not be a continuous period and it includes weekends and public holidays. In determining the 183-days rule, any part of a day spent in Singapore is counted as one day.
这 183 天不一定是连续的时期,它包括周末和公共假期。在确定 183 天规则时,在新加坡度过的一天的任何部分都算作一天。
2.1.3 Administrative Concessions
2.1.3 行政特许权
To bolster the above tests in the light of commercial realities, the CIT has issued the following administrative concessions applicable to foreigners relocating to work in Singapore.
为了根据商业现实加强上述测试,CIT发布了以下适用于移居新加坡工作的外国人的行政优惠。
Two-year administrative concession
两年行政特许权
This concession is only applicable to foreigners entering Singapore on or after 1 January 2007 to work or live. Under this concession, if the foreigner works in Singapore for a continuous period of at least 183 days straddling two calendar years, the foreigner will be treated as tax resident for both Y/As even though the foreigner may not have the 183 days requirement in each year. Inland Revenue has clarified that the employment period includes the period of stay in Singapore immediately before commencement of Singapore employment as well as the period of stay immediately after the cessation of Singapore employment.
此优惠仅适用于2007年1月1日或之后进入新加坡工作或居住的外国人。根据这项优惠,如果外国人在新加坡连续工作至少183天,跨越两个日历年,即使该外国人可能没有每年183天的要求,该外国人也将被视为Y/A的税务居民。税务局已澄清,雇佣期包括新加坡就业开始前在新加坡的逗留期,以及新加坡就业终止后的逗留期。
Three-year administrative concession
三年行政特许权
Where an individual’s duration of stay in Singapore covers 3 or more consecutive years of assessment (continuously), the IRAS will regard the individual as resident for all the 3 Y/As even though the individual may not be physically present or whose period of employment in Singapore is less than 183 days in the first and/or last Y/A.
如果个人在新加坡的逗留时间涵盖连续 3 年或更长时间(连续)的课税年,则 IRAS 将把该个人视为所有 3 年/A 的居民,即使该个人可能不在现场或其在新加坡的工作时间少于 183 天在第一个和/或最后一个年度。
Company directors
公司董事
A distinction needs to be made between executive (working) directors and non-executive (non-working) directors. An executive director is one who is involved in the day-to-day management of the company while a non-executive director’s involvement in the company is merely to attend meetings of the board of directors.
需要区分执行(工作)董事和非执行(非工作)董事。执行董事是参与公司日常管理的人,而非执行董事参与公司只是出席董事会会议。
Thus, the two-/three-year administrative concession is only extended to executive directors. For non-executive directors, their residence status will be determined solely under the qualitative or quantitative tests.
因此,两年/三年的行政特许权只适用于执行董事。对于非执行董事,其居留身份将仅根据定性或定量测试确定。
Option to opt out
选择退出的选项
The above concessions will automatically be applied to the circumstances of the foreigner working in Singapore. However, if they so wish to, the foreigner may request to opt out of the concession and be assessed strictly under the qualitative or quantitative tests.
上述优惠将自动适用于在新加坡工作的外国人的情况。但是,如果他们愿意,外国人可以要求退出特许权,并严格按照定性或定量测试进行评估。
EMPLOYMENT INCOME
就业收入
It is important to make a distinction between income derived from a profession which is assessable to tax under Section 10(1)(a) and income derived from employment which is assessable under Section 10(1)(b). The main difference lies in the claim for expenses and capital allowances (simply put, capital allowances are deductions for investments in qualifying fixed assets like plant and machinery, office equipment and the like). The claim for expenses by an individual deriving income from a profession or vocation would be more liberal than one who is deriving employment income. In addition, capital allowances are available only to those who derive income from a profession or vocation.
重要的是要区分根据第10(1)(a)条应课税的职业收入和根据第10(1)(b)条应课税的就业收入。主要区别在于费用和资本津贴的索赔(简单地说,资本津贴是对厂房和机器、办公设备等合格固定资产投资的扣除)。从专业或职业中获得收入的个人对费用的索赔将比从就业收入中获得的个人更宽松。此外,资本津贴只适用于那些从专业或职业中获得收入的人。
Employment is a contract of service whilst a profession is a contract for service. It is usual that in a contract of service, a “master – servant relationship” exists. There must be control by the employer in respect of the manner in which the employee is to conduct his works. On the other hand, a profession involves a contract for services engaged by the main contractor. The scope of work may be dictated by the main contractor but the professional is free to decide how those services are to be performed. For example, an in-house tax accountant will provide tax advice to his company’s management and will be regarded as an employee while a tax advisor/ tax lawyer engaged to provide tax advice would have entered into a contract for service with the company.
雇佣是服务合同,而专业是服务合同。在服务合同中,通常存在“主仆关系”。雇主必须控制雇员进行工作的方式。另一方面,专业涉及总承包商雇用的服务合同。工作范围可能由主承包商决定,但专业人员可以自由决定如何执行这些服务。例如,内部税务会计师将向公司管理层提供税务建议,并将被视为雇员,而受聘提供税务建议的税务顾问/税务律师将与公司签订服务合同。
In Fall v Hitchen and Nethermore (St Neots) Ltd v Taverna and Gardener, the following factors were used to establish whether a profession or employment was exercised:
在Fall v Hitchen and Nethermore (St Neots) Ltd v Taverna and Gardener一案中,以下因素被用来确定是否行使了职业或雇佣:
Degree of Control – is there any control by one party over the manner in which the work is to be performed;
控制程度 – 一方是否对工作的执行方式有任何控制;
Degree of financial risks – can the person for whom the work is done withhold payment until the work is done and agree upon;
财务风险程度 – 完成工作的人是否可以在工作完成并达成一致之前扣留付款;
Degree of responsibility – is the person performing the work free to delegate it to another person;
责任程度 – 执行工作的人是否可以自由地将其委托给另一个人;
Provision of help – does the person performing the work provide his own tools and hire his own workers.
提供帮助 – 执行工作的人是否提供自己的工具并雇用自己的工人。
DIVIDENDS – S10(1)(d)
股息 – S10(1)(d)
Dividends are a distribution of companies’ after-tax profits to their shareholders. It is a return on capital invested by shareholders. Dividend income derived from Singapore is taxable unless the income is specifically exempted under the Income Tax Act.
股息是公司向股东分配的税后利润。这是股东投资的资本回报。来自新加坡的股息收入应纳税,除非该收入根据《所得税法》明确豁免。
Source of dividend
股息来源
Dividends are sourced in Singapore if the dividends are paid by a Singapore tax resident company. A company is resident in Singapore if the control and management of its business is exercised in Singapore as evidenced by board meetings held largely in Singapore. Thus the dividend declared payable by the board of directors during their meetings in Singapore will be a Singapore sourced dividend.
如果股息由新加坡税务居民公司支付,则股息来自新加坡。如果一家公司的业务控制和管理是在新加坡进行的,那么该公司就是新加坡居民,这主要在新加坡举行的董事会会议证明了这一点。因此,董事会在新加坡会议期间宣布支付的股息将是来自新加坡的股息。
Basis of Assessment
评估依据
Dividend income accrues to the shareholder on the date it is declared payable as approved by the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting. From 1 January 2008, all Singapore resident companies come under the one-tier corporate tax system where tax on company’s profits will only be imposed at the corporate level and all dividends distributed by a Singapore tax resident company will be tax exempt for all classes of shareholders.
股息收入在股东周年大会上批准宣布支付之日应计给股东。从2008年1月1日起,所有新加坡居民公司都属于单级公司税制,其中公司利润税将仅在公司层面征收,新加坡税务居民公司分配的所有股息将对所有类别的股东免税。
INTEREST – S10(1)(d)
利息 – 第10(1)(d)条
Interest is income received in return for the use of capital or money.
利息是作为使用资本或货币的回报而获得的收入。
Source of interest
兴趣来源
Interest income is sourced in Singapore if it is borne (simply put, paid) directly or indirectly, by a person resident in Singapore or a permanent establishment in Singapore.
如果利息收入由新加坡居民或新加坡常设机构直接或间接承担(简单地说,支付)在新加坡,则利息收入来源于新加坡。
Thus if interest is received on a deposit placement with or a loan given to any Singapore company, Singapore branch, any entity whether incorporated or otherwise or individuals (directors, employees, friends, etc) in Singapore, the interest income will be sourced in Singapore and hence taxable.
因此,如果向任何新加坡公司、新加坡分行、任何实体(无论是注册成立的还是其他的)或新加坡的个人(董事、雇员、朋友等)提供存款或贷款时收到利息,则利息收入将来自新加坡,因此应纳税。
Basis of Assessment
评估依据
Interest income accrues on the date it becomes due and payable and not on the date of its actual receipt. It also does not matter if the interest income is withdrawn or is reinvested with the bank.
利息收入在到期应付之日计入,而不是在实际收到之日计入。利息收入是提取还是再投资于银行也无关紧要。
For non-resident individuals, interest derived from any deposit placement with Singapore approved banks (since 20 August 1968) or Singapore licensed finance companies (since 1 January 2005 is tax exempt.
对于非居民个人,在新加坡认可的银行(自1968年8月20日起)或新加坡持牌金融公司(自2005年1月1日起)的任何存款所产生的利息是免税的。
For resident individuals, interest derived on or after 1 January 2005 on deposits with approved banks or licensed finance companies in Singapore is tax exempt.
对于居民个人,2005 年 1 月 1 日或之后在新加坡经批准的银行或持牌金融公司存款的利息免税。
RENTAL INCOME - S10(1)(f)
租金收入 - 第10(1)(f)条
Rent is payment for the use of immovable property or movable property. Generally, rental income is assessed to tax under s10(1)(f) for individuals.
租金是使用不动产或动产的付款。一般而言,根据第10(1)(f)条,个人的租金收入被评定为征税。
Source of rental income
租金收入来源
The source of rental income for immovable property is where the property is situated. The place where the tenancy agreement is signed and where the rental income is paid are not relevant. In the case of movable property, the source of the rental income is generally dependent on who bears the rental payment as well as where the movable property is used.
不动产的租金收入来源是房产所在地。签订租赁协议的地点和支付租金收入的地点无关紧要。就动产而言,租金收入的来源通常取决于谁承担租金以及动产的使用地点。
Basis of Assessment
评估依据
As rental income accrues to the owner on a daily basis, it is taxable as it accrues and not when the rental income is actually received.
由于租金收入是按天计入业主的,因此应按应计时征税,而不是在实际收到租金收入时征税。
GAINS OR PROFITS OF AN INCOME NATURE – S10(1)(g)
收入性质的收益或利润 – 第10(1)(g)条
This is a “catch all” sub-section as it captures receipts that are income in nature that do not fall under the preceding sub-sections. There are no clear guidelines of what kind of transactions will fall within the ambit of this sub-section. However, the income receipt need not necessarily be regular for it to be caught under S10(1)(g); even ad hoc or irregular receipts can be caught. Some examples would include:
这是一个“包罗万象”的小节,因为它捕获了不属于上述小节的收入性质的收据。对于本小节的范围内没有明确的交易类型指南。然而,收入收据不一定是定期的,才能根据第10(1)(g)条被捕获;即使是临时或不规则的收据也可以被抓到。一些示例包括:
Commissions received for furnishing assistance in renting, buying and /or selling of properties;
为出租、购买和/或出售物业提供协助而收取的佣金;
Fees received for occasional introduction of clients or customers to professionals or businessmen;
偶尔将客户或客户介绍给专业人士或商人所收取的费用;
Income received from offering occasional advice, consultation or assistance of any kind.
通过提供任何形式的偶尔建议、咨询或援助而获得的收入。
EXEMPT INCOME –S.13
免税收入 – S.13
Exempt income is income that is chargeable to tax under Section 10(1) but is exempt under the Income Tax Act so as not to form part of statutory income. It is to be clearly distinguished from capital receipts which do not fall within the scope of the charging section.
免税收入是指根据第10(1)条应纳税但根据《所得税法》免税的收入,因此不构成法定收入的一部分。它应与不属于收费部分范围的资本收入明确区分开来。
Section 13 of the Act spells out the income that are exempt from Singapore tax and any conditions that needs to be satisfied in order to qualify for tax exemption. The tax exemptions relevant to individuals and which are commonly encountered include:
该法案第13条阐明了免征新加坡税的收入以及获得免税资格所需的任何条件。与个人相关且常见的免税包括:
S.13(1)(t): interest on moneys held on deposit in an approved bank in Singapore non-residents
第13(1)(t)条:非居民在新加坡经批准的银行存款的利息
S.13(1)(za): any dividends paid on or after 1st January 2008 by any company resident in Singapore
S.13(1)(za):任何新加坡居民公司于2008年1月1日或之后支付的任何股息
S.13(6): Income derived by short term visiting employees from any employment exercised in Singapore for not more than 60 days in the year preceding any year of assessment by a non-resident individual. This exemption however does not extend to company directors or public entertainers
第13(6)条:非居民个人在任何课税年度前一年在新加坡从事的任何工作不超过60天的短期访问雇员所获得的收入。然而,这项豁免并不适用于公司董事或公众演艺人员
S.13(7A): Income arising from sources outside Singapore and received in Singapore
S.13(7A):来自新加坡境外并在新加坡收到的收入
(a) by a non-resident individual; and
(a) 由非居民个人提供;和
(b) by any resident individual on or after 1st January 2004 if the Comptroller is satisfied that the tax exemption would be beneficial to the individual, but excludes such income received by him through a partnership in Singapore.
(b) 在2004年1月1日或之后由任何居民个人提供,如果主计长认为免税对个人有利,但不包括他通过新加坡的合伙企业获得的此类收入。
CLAIM FOR EXPENSES
费用索赔
Generally, for an expense to qualify for deduction, it must be incurred solely for the purpose of producing income from the respective source. To qualify for deduction, the expenses must be incurred solely for the purposes of producing the investment income. For individuals, there are hardly any expenses incurred in relation to dividend and interest income as these investments are usually funded from savings. However, if share investments are funded from borrowings, the interest expense should be deductible against any dividend income earned. If no dividend income is derived, the interest expense cannot be set-off against income from other sources.
一般来说,要使一项费用符合扣除条件,它必须完全是为了从相应来源产生收入而发生的。要获得扣除资格,费用必须仅为产生投资收入而发生。对于个人来说,几乎没有任何与股息和利息收入相关的费用,因为这些投资通常来自储蓄。但是,如果股票投资的资金来自借款,则利息支出应从赚取的任何股息收入中扣除。如果没有产生股息收入,则利息支出不能与其他来源的收入相抵销。
In the case of rental income, the expenses must be incurred during the period of tenancy. Examples of expenses that can be deducted from rental income are:
如果是租金收入,则必须在租赁期间发生费用。可以从租金收入中扣除的费用示例包括:
Property tax;
财产税;
Insurance premiums;
保险费;
Interest on mortgage loan;
按揭贷款利息;
Repairs (to restore property to original state) and maintenance expense
维修(将财产恢复到原始状态)和维护费用
Costs of replacing damaged furniture, equipment and fittings
更换损坏的家具、设备和配件的费用
Housing agent’s commission, advertising costs
房屋中介佣金、广告费用
Expenses incurred to obtain the first tenant and any expenses incurred on making improvements to the rental property are not deductible for the purpose of calculating the net taxable rental. These are viewed as capital expenses – expenses incurred to derive a long-term benefit. Hence, agent’s commission/advertising costs to secure the first tenant and renovation expenses do not qualify for deduction. Likewise, the initial costs of furnishing the rental property (e.g furniture, kitchen equipment) cannot be claimed for deduction nor do they qualify for wear and tear allowances. However, the subsequent costs of securing subsequent tenants, replacing old/damaged furniture, fittings and equipment can be claimed for deduction.
在计算应税净租金时,为获得第一位租户而产生的费用以及为改善出租物业而产生的任何费用均不可扣除。这些被视为资本支出——为获得长期利益而产生的费用。因此,代理商为获得第一位租户而支付的佣金/广告费用和装修费用不符合扣除条件。同样,装修出租物业的初始成本(例如家具、厨房设备)不能申请扣除,也不符合磨损津贴的条件。但是,随后为确保后续租户、更换旧/损坏的家具、配件和设备的费用可以申请扣除。
With effect from Y/A 2016, in the bid to simplify tax filing as well as reduce the burden of record keeping for individuals, landlords can opt to claim rental expenses, excluding interest paid on property loan, at the flat rate of 15% of gross rental income. In addition, landlords can continue to claim deduction of interest expense incurred on loan taken out to acquire the rental property.
自2016年全年起,为了简化报税流程并减轻个人记录的负担,房东可以选择按租金总收入的15%的统一费率申请租金费用,不包括物业贷款支付的利息。此外,房东可以继续要求扣除为购买出租物业而贷款产生的利息支出。
Strictly, only rental expenses incurred during the period when the property is deriving rental income is allowed for deduction. Thus, expenses incurred during vacant periods will not be allowed deduction. Further, should a deficit be made on the rental property (deductible expenses exceed rental income), the deficit cannot be set-off against net taxable income from another source nor can the deficit be carried forward for set-off against future rental. This is because the rental deficit is viewed as a non-trade loss. For Singapore income tax purposes, only losses arising from carrying on a trade, business, profession or vocation will be allowed for deduction against income from non-trade sources as well as taxable income from other Y/As. Nonetheless, there are two concessions made available to landlords with conditions to be satisfied.
严格来说,只有在物业获得租金收入期间发生的租金支出才允许扣除。因此,在空置期间发生的费用将不允许扣除。此外,如果出租物业出现赤字(可扣除费用超过租金收入),则该赤字不能从其他来源的应税净收入中抵销,也不能结转用于抵销未来的租金。这是因为租金赤字被视为非贸易损失。就新加坡所得税而言,只有因从事贸易、业务、专业或职业而产生的损失才允许从非贸易来源的收入以及其他年度/补偿的应税收入中扣除。尽管如此,房东仍可享受两项优惠,但需满足条件。
Continuing Source concession
持续来源特许权
Strictly, where expenses are incurred during a vacant period between two periods of tenancy, they would not qualify for deduction as there is no rental income to be set-off against the expenses during the same period. However, as a concession, the CIT adopts a continuing source basis where the expenses incurred during the vacant period is allowed to be deductible against gross rental income for the year as long as a subsequent tenant is obtained, either within the year or after the year end. This concession does not apply if a subsequent tenant is not found and the property is sold off instead after a period of vacancy. This concession has now been incorporated into the tax legislation under Section 14ZF with effect from Y/A 2022 and is applicable to rental income assessable under Section 10(1)(f).
严格来说,如果开支是在两个租赁期之间的空置期内发生的,则不符合扣除条件,因为没有租金收入可以抵销同一时期的开支。然而,作为一项特许权,企业所得税采用持续来源基础,只要在一年内或年底后获得后续租户,空置期间发生的费用就可以从当年的总租金收入中扣除。如果找不到后续租户,并且该物业在空置一段时间后被出售,则此优惠不适用。自 2022 年全年起,该优惠现已纳入第 14ZF 条下的税收立法,适用于根据第 10(1)(f) 条应评税的租金收入。
Block Basis concession
大宗基础特许权
Where rental income is assessed under S10(1)(f), if a rental deficit is suffered on one property and a gain is made on another property, the net rental loss cannot be set-off against the net rental income from another rental property nor against other sources of income.
在根据第10(1)(f)条评定租金收入的情况下,如果一个物业出现租金赤字,而另一个物业出现收益,则净租金损失不能与另一出租物业的净租金收入或其他收入来源相抵销。
As a concession, the net rental deficit can be set off against net rental income from other tenancies, but this is only applicable to rental-income producing tenancies. Further, where there is an overall rental deficit from all tenancies, the overall net rental deficit cannot be set off against taxable income from other sources nor can the rental deficit be carried forward for set off against future rental income.
作为一项优惠,净租金赤字可以与其他租赁的净租金收入相抵销,但这仅适用于产生租金收入的租赁。此外,如果所有租约都存在整体租金赤字,则整体净租金赤字不能与其他来源的应课税收入抵销,租金赤字也不能结转以抵销未来的租金收入。
Format of Computation for rental income derived by individuals holding more than one property (block basis concession)
持有多于一处物业的个人所得租金收入的计算格式(整体基础优惠)
Property 1 | Property 2 | |
Annual rental income Less: | $24,000 | $36,000 |
Property tax | 3,000 | 3,500 |
Maintenance fees | 12,000 | 15,000 |
Insurance | 2,000 | 2,500 |
Interest on housing loan | 4,000 | 5,000 |
Replacement of furniture | 5,000 | 0_ |
Net rental income/(deficit) | (2,000) | 10,000 |
Set-off of deficit (concession) | 2,000 | (2,000) |
Net rental income | NIL | 8,000 |
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
教程问题
Q1:
问1:
A professor from Harvard University came to the National University of Singapore as a visiting professor for 3 months. Is he a tax-resident? Explain the basis of your conclusion.
哈佛大学的一位教授来到新加坡国立大学担任客座教授3个月。他是税务居民吗?解释你的结论的依据。
Q2:
问2:
On 1 January 2020, Peter, a US citizen came to Singapore to work on a project implementation for the Singapore branch of a multinational US corporation. The project lasted 9 months and he left Singapore on 15 October 2020. Is he a tax- resident for the relevant year of assessment?
2020 年 1 月 1 日,美国公民 Peter 来到新加坡,为一家美国跨国公司的新加坡分公司进行项目实施。该项目历时9个月,他于2020年10月15日离开新加坡。他是否是相关课税年度的税务居民?
Q3.
问题3.
Elijah is a wine lover. During a holiday to France in March 2016, he purchased 5,000 bottles of wine and brought them back to Singapore. He stored the wine in a special warehouse and re-packaged them in attractive wine carriers before selling them to friends as well as restaurants at a good profit margin. By June 2016, all the wine was sold and by year end, Elijah was appointed as an agent for the French wine company in Singapore.
以利亚是一个葡萄酒爱好者。2016 年 3 月,他去法国度假时,购买了 5,000 瓶葡萄酒并将它们带回新加坡。他将葡萄酒存放在一个特殊的仓库中,并将它们重新包装在有吸引力的葡萄酒载体中,然后以良好的利润率出售给朋友和餐馆。到 2016 年 6 月,所有的葡萄酒都售出,到年底,Elijah 被任命为法国葡萄酒公司在新加坡的代理。
Elijah continues to work full-time as a computer programmer. He believes he is not carrying on a trade or business. Using the badges of trade, please advise Elijah.
Elijah继续全职从事计算机程序员的工作。他认为自己不是在从事贸易或业务。使用贸易徽章,请告知以利亚。
Q4.
问题4.
Would your advice be different if Elijah had bought the wines in preparation of his wedding celebrations in June. He intended to use the wines at the wedding banquet as well as to give away to his wedding guests. However, the wedding was called off and he proceeded to sell off the wines bought.
如果以利亚在六月的婚礼庆典上买了葡萄酒,你的建议会有所不同吗?他打算在婚宴上使用这些葡萄酒,并赠送给他的婚礼客人。然而,婚礼被取消了,他开始卖掉买的葡萄酒。
Q5.
问题5.
For each of the following receipts in the year 2020, state whether they are taxable or not taxable or exempted from tax for the relevant YA, stating your reasons
对于 2020 年的以下每笔收据,请说明它们是否应纳税或不征税或免税,并说明您的理由
Mr Ang works as a sales engineer in a manufacturing company in Singapore. During the year, he sold his residential property for $2,500,000. He had bought the property in 2009.
洪先生在新加坡的一家制造公司担任销售工程师。在这一年中,他以 2,500,000 美元的价格出售了他的住宅物业。他于2009年买下了这处房产。
Interest income of $930 from OCBC Bank, an approved bank in Singapore is due and payable to Agnes on 31 December 2020. Agnes withdrew the sum on 20 March 2021.
新加坡经批准的银行华侨银行(OCBC Bank)的930美元利息收入将于2020年12月31日到期并支付给Agnes。Agnes 于 2021 年 3 月 20 日提取了这笔款项。
Sally gave a loan of $50,000 to her friend’s company and interest charged for the year 2020 was $3,000. The principal loan and interest were repaid on 1 January 2021.
莎莉向她朋友的公司提供了 50,000 美元的贷款,2020 年的利息为 3,000 美元。本金贷款及利息已于2021年1月1日偿还。
Zara agreed to give tuition to her friend’s child for a period of 4 months at an hourly rate of $80.
Zara 同意为她朋友的孩子提供为期 4 个月的学费,每小时 80 美元。
Leah collects Star Wars figurines as her hobby. However, she has lost interest in the series and sold her entire collection for $5,000.
莉亚收集《星球大战》小雕像是她的爱好。然而,她对这个系列失去了兴趣,并以 5,000 美元的价格出售了她的整个系列。
Q6.
问题6.
Juliet rented out her residential property at East Coast Road for the year 2020.
朱丽叶在 2020 年出租了她在东海岸路的住宅物业。
Gross rental income $36,000
总租金收入$36,000
Expenses incurred:
费用:
Mortgage interest expense $16,200 (includes interest expense of $6,200)
按揭利息开支$16,200 (包括利息开支$6,200)
Fire insurance on property $1,500
物业火灾保险$1,500
Custom-made wardrobe (new) $10,200
订制衣柜(新)$10,200
Property tax $2,100
房产税$2,100
Property agent’s fees (renewal) $1,600
地产代理费(续期)$1,600
Compute Juliet’s taxable income from her rental property.
计算朱丽叶从她的出租物业中获得的应税收入。
Compute Juliet’s taxable income on the basis that the custom-made wardrobe is a replacement of an exact same existing wardrobe that was infested with termites.
计算朱丽叶的应税收入,其依据是定制衣柜是与白蚁出没的完全相同的现有衣柜的替代品。
TOPIC 3: TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL 2
主题 3:个人征税 2
GAINS OR PROFIT FROM ANY EMPLOYMENT
从任何就业中获得的收益或利润
Sec 10(2) defines gains or profits from employment as “wages, salary, leave pay, fee, commission, bonus, gratuity, perquisite, allowance…paid or granted in respect of employment whether in money or otherwise.”
第10(2)条将就业收益或利润定义为“工资、薪金、休假工资、费用、佣金、奖金、酬金、津贴、津贴......就就业而言,无论是以金钱还是其他方式支付或授予。
As long as the payment is in respect of employment, it is a taxable benefit unless they are specifically exempted from tax under Section 13 or covered by an administrative concession. These payments relate to services provided by the employee and may be rewards for his services rendered in the past, present or future. They will be taxable even if it is not provided in cash but in kind.
只要付款是与就业有关的,它就是一种应税福利,除非他们根据第 13 条明确免税或被行政特许权所涵盖。这些付款与雇员提供的服务有关,可能是对他过去、现在或将来提供的服务的奖励。即使不是以现金形式提供,而是以实物形式提供,它们也将应纳税。
Gains from employment are assessable on a preceding calendar year basis.
就业收益可按上一日历年进行评估。
Source of employment income
就业收入来源
Only Singapore sourced employment income is taxable. The place where employment is exercised determines the source of employment. Hence if the employment is exercised in Singapore or the employment duties are largely performed from Singapore, the employment income will be treated as sourced in Singapore. It does not matter where the employment contract is signed, where the employer is located or where the remuneration is paid or received.
只有来自新加坡的就业收入才应纳税。就业的地点决定了就业的来源。因此,如果受雇于新加坡或主要在新加坡履行受雇职责,则就业收入将被视为来自新加坡。雇佣合同在哪里签订,雇主在哪里,报酬在哪里支付或领取都无关紧要。
If the employee is required to travel overseas as part of his Singapore employment duties, his remuneration remains taxable in full in Singapore. This is because his overseas duties are viewed as incidental to or an extension of his Singapore employment. If his duties outside Singapore are separate and distinct from those of his Singapore employment duties, then the remuneration relating to his work done outside Singapore may be treated as separate income sourced outside Singapore and which will not be taxable in Singapore unless remitted to Singapore.
如果员工被要求出国旅行作为其新加坡就业职责的一部分,他的薪酬仍需在新加坡全额纳税。这是因为他的海外工作被视为他在新加坡工作的附带或延伸。如果他在新加坡境外的职责与他在新加坡的就业职责是分开的,那么与他在新加坡境外工作相关的报酬可以被视为来自新加坡境外的单独收入,除非汇往新加坡,否则在新加坡无需纳税。
Short-term visiting employees
短期访问员工
It is very common for multi-nationals to send their employees to their various worldwide offices for short periods of time on special projects or for meetings. Strictly speaking, if these foreign employees work in Singapore even for a day, their remuneration for the day’s work in Singapore is treated as sourced in Singapore. However, for individuals who are not tax resident in Singapore and who exercised employment in Singapore for a period not exceeding 60 days in the calendar year, their Singapore sourced employment income will be exempt from Singapore tax (Section 13(1)(t)). This exemption is not granted to public entertainers and directors.
跨国公司将员工短期派往全球各个办事处进行特殊项目或会议是很常见的。严格来说,如果这些外籍员工在新加坡工作一天,他们在新加坡一天的报酬也被视为来自新加坡。但是,对于非新加坡税务居民且在日历年内在新加坡工作不超过 60 天的个人,其来自新加坡的就业收入将免征新加坡税(第 13(1)(t) 条)。此豁免不授予公众演艺人员和导演。
Activity 1
活动 1
Christopher was posted to the Singapore office of Technex Inc, a US company, to work on a project jointly with his colleagues in Singapore. He entered Singapore on 15 November 2017 and left on 28 February 2018. His salary of US$ 8,000 per month will continue to be paid by his US employer into his bank account in the US while the Singapore company will pay him a monthly allowance of S$3,000. State the basis period for the relevant Y/As and advise if Christopher’s income for his duration of stay in Singapore will be subject to Singapore tax.
Christopher 被派往美国公司 Technex Inc 的新加坡办事处,与他在新加坡的同事共同从事一个项目。他于2017年11月15日进入新加坡,于2018年2月28日离开。他每月8,000美元的工资将继续由他的美国雇主支付到他在美国的银行账户中,而新加坡公司将每月向他支付3,000新元的津贴。说明相关 Y/A 的基准期,并告知 Christopher 在新加坡逗留期间的收入是否需缴纳新加坡税。
taxability of receipts from employment
就业收入的可征税性
When an employee receives a benefit (whether in cash or in kind) from his employee, the following questions should be considered in determining if the benefit is taxable or not:
当雇员从雇员那里获得福利(无论是现金还是实物)时,在确定该福利是否应纳税时,应考虑以下问题:
Is the receipt given in respect of employment?
收据是否与就业有关?
If given due to the individual’s employment with company, when does the benefit accrue to the individual? Or when is the employee entitled to the benefit? This determines timing of taxation.
如果由于个人在公司工作而给予,个人何时获得福利?或者员工何时有权享受福利?这决定了征税的时间。
If the employment benefit is given in kind, how is the value of the benefit to be determined?
如果就业福利是以实物形式提供的,如何确定福利的价值?
In practice, the taxable value of benefits-in-kind is given based on
在实践中,实物福利的应税价值是根据
Cost incurred by the employer.
雇主产生的费用。
Methodology or valuation rules prescribed in the Income Tax Act; or
《所得税法》规定的方法或估价规则;或
Prescribed rates provided by the CIT.
CIT 提供的规定费率。
We now discuss in some detail the common types of cash receipts and benefits-in-kind given by employers.
现在,我们将详细讨论雇主提供的现金收入和实物福利的常见类型。
3.4.1 Wages, salary and commission
3.4.1 工资、薪金和佣金
Money received for services rendered under the terms of the employment contract accrues to the employee when the services are performed. Hence, salary earned in the year 2020 will be assessable to tax in the Y/A 2021 regardless of when the salary is actually received.
根据雇佣合同条款提供的服务所收到的款项在提供服务时归雇员所有。因此,无论实际何时收到工资,2020 年赚取的工资都将在 2021 年全年纳税。
3.4.2 Bonus
3.4.2 奖金
A bonus is a lump sum payment, in addition to normal wages and salaries, in recognition of good performance or under the terms of the employment contract by the employer. It can be paid at any time of the year and more than once in a year.
奖金是雇主在正常工资和薪金之外一次性支付的款项,以表彰雇主的良好表现或根据雇佣合同的条款。它可以在一年中的任何时间支付,并且一年中不止一次。
Generally, there are two types of bonuses – contractual and non-contractual (or special) bonus and a distinction needs to be made between the two as the timing of their taxation is different.
一般来说,有两种类型的奖金——合同奖金和非合同(或特殊)奖金,由于征税时间不同,因此需要区分两者。
A contractual bonus is generally one that is related to the year in which employment is performed. Think of 13th month bonus. It accrues to the employee in the year in which the employment duties are performed. Therefore, if under the terms of the employment contract, an employee is entitled to a one-month bonus for services rendered for year 2020, the bonus will be taxable in Y/A 2021 even if actual payment was only made on 2 January 2021. Nonetheless, if the employment contract contains clauses or conditions that have to be satisfied before the contractual bonus is paid out, the taxability of that bonus depends on when the conditions are satisfied.
合同奖金通常是与就业年份相关的奖金。想想 13 th 个月的奖金。它在履行雇佣职责的那一年归雇员所有。因此,如果根据雇佣合同的条款,员工有权就 2020 年提供的服务获得一个月的奖金,即使实际支付的款项仅在 2021 年 1 月 2 日,该奖金也应在 2021 年全年纳税。尽管如此,如果雇佣合同包含必须在支付合同奖金之前满足的条款或条件,则该奖金的可征税性取决于条件何时得到满足。
For e.g., the terms of the employment contract state that contractual bonuses declared for any one year will be paid on 31 March of the following year and only if the employee remains in employment with the company until the date of payment (i.e. 31 March). Hence, if an employee gives notice of his resignation on 16 January 2020, he is not entitled to the bonus and there is thus no bonus to be subject to tax. The remaining employees will be taxed on their bonuses in the Year of Assessment 2021. This is because the condition of continuous employment was satisfied on 31 March 2020 and so the employees are only entitled to the bonus on 31 March 2020 which gives rise to its taxability in Y/A 2021.
例如,雇佣合同的条款规定,任何一年的合同奖金将在次年的3月31日支付,并且只有在雇员在支付日期(即3月31日)之前仍在公司工作。因此,如果雇员在 2020 年 1 月 16 日发出辞职通知,他无权获得奖金,因此无需纳税。其余员工将在 2021 课税年度就其奖金征税。 这是因为在2020年3月31日满足了连续就业的条件,因此员工只有权在2020年3月31日获得奖金,这导致了其在2021年年度的应税性。
On the other hand, a non-contractual bonus is payable at the discretion of the employer. It therefore accrues to the employee on the date the employer decides the bonus is payable. Thus, a special bonus paid to an employee on 15 January 2020 after management has decided he is deserving of it due to his exceptional performance in year 2019 will only be taxable in Y/A 2021 as it only accrued to the employee in calendar year 2020.
另一方面,非合同奖金由雇主自行决定支付。因此,在雇主决定支付奖金之日,雇员应计入该奖金。因此,在管理层认为员工因 2019 年的出色表现而应得的特别奖金后,于 2020 年 1 月 15 日支付给员工的特别奖金仅在 2021 年全年纳税,因为它仅在 2020 日历年累积给员工。
3.4.3 Gratuity
3.4.3 小费
A gratuity is given in recognition of services rendered in the past and is treated as part of gains from employment. So, if an employee is entitled to a gratuity upon his retirement on 31 December 2020, the gratuity will be taxable in Y/A 2021.
酬金是对过去提供的服务的认可,并被视为就业收益的一部分。因此,如果雇员在 2020 年 12 月 31 日退休时有权获得酬金,则酬金将在 2021 年全年纳税。
3.4.4 Commission
3.4.4 佣金
A commission is a payment in addition to the basic salary is related to a specific measure of performance. It can be paid monthly, quarterly or at any interval specified by the company. The amount of commission taxable in the hands of the employee is the gross amount due to or received by the employee.
佣金是除基本工资之外的付款,与特定的绩效衡量标准有关。它可以按月、按季度或按公司指定的任何时间间隔支付。雇员手中的应税佣金金额是雇员应付或收到的总金额。
3.4.5 Director’s Fees
3.4.5 董事费
Director’s fees are sourced where the management and control of the company is exercised (company resident in Singapore). The fees are assessable on the directors when they become due and payable i.e. on the date approved at the company’s General Meeting of shareholders.
董事费来源于公司管理和控制权(公司常驻新加坡)。这些费用可在到期应付时(即在公司股东大会批准的日期)向董事征收。
3.4.6 Leave Pay
3.4.6 休假工资
This is payment in lieu of an employee’s annual leave entitlement. The general rule is that if the leave pay entitlement is specified as a lump sum payable at a certain date, the leave pay will accrue on that date. For example, if the payment is received by the employee in the year 2020 in lieu of his leave entitlement for year 2018, the income is taxable in YA 2021.
这是代替员工年假权利的付款。一般规则是,如果假期工资权利被指定为在某一日期一次性支付的款项,则假期工资将在该日期累积。例如,如果员工在 2020 年收到付款以代替其 2018 年的休假权利,则该收入应在 2021 年纳税。
3.4.7 Allowances versus Reimbursements
3.4.7 津贴与报销
An allowance is a fixed sum of money given to an employee for specific purposes by the employer but which may or may not be expended by the employee for that purpose. A reimbursement on the other hand is payment by the employer for actual expenses incurred by the employee on official employment-related matters e.g. client entertainment, transport expenses for business purposes.
津贴是雇主为特定目的给予雇员的一笔固定金额,但雇员可能会也可能不会为此目的而支出。另一方面,报销是雇主支付雇员在与正式雇佣有关的事项上的实际费用,例如客户招待、商务交通费用。
Allowances are generally taxable unless it has been expended for employer’s business purposes. For example, a sales manager is given an annual fixed entertainment allowance of $8,000 to entertain customers and suppliers but he only spent $6,500 on business entertainment. He will be taxed on the balance of $1,500 as this portion was for private consumption or for the personal benefit of the employee.
津贴通常应纳税,除非已用于雇主的商业目的。例如,销售经理每年获得 8,000 美元的固定娱乐津贴来招待客户和供应商,但他只花了 6,500 美元用于商务娱乐。他将按余额 1,500 美元征税,因为这部分是用于私人消费或为雇员的个人利益。
Whether reimbursements are taxable or not depends on whether the reimbursement is for business expenses or for private consumption/personal benefit of the employee. The former is not taxable while the latter is taxable. For example, if the sales manager spent $1,000 on entertaining customers and claims reimbursement from the employer, the reimbursement of $1,000 is not taxable. However, if the sales manager also claims reimbursement of taxi fares for travels between office and his home, the taxi fare reimbursed is a taxable employment income as the journey between home and office (both ways) is viewed as private consumption.
报销是否应纳税取决于报销是用于业务费用还是用于员工的私人消费/个人利益。前者不征税,后者应纳税。例如,如果销售经理花了 1,000 美元招待客户并向雇主申请报销,则 1,000 美元的报销无需纳税。但是,如果销售经理还要求报销办公室和家之间的出租车费,则报销的出租车费是应税就业收入,因为家和办公室之间的旅程(双向)被视为私人消费。
3.4.8 Perquisites / Benefits in Kind
3.4.8 实物津贴/福利
A perquisite or benefit-in-kind is in addition to a regular wage or salary derived from employment. They may be given in cash or in kind. Generally, employment perquisites are taxable. If the benefit is given in kind, the taxable value will generally be determined in any one of the following ways:
附加津贴或实物福利是对正常工资或就业薪金的补充。它们可以以现金或实物形式提供。一般来说,就业津贴是应纳税的。如果利益是以实物形式提供的,则应税价值通常按以下任何一种方式确定:
Cost incurred by the employer.
雇主产生的费用。
Methodology or valuation rules prescribed in the Income Tax Act or CIT; or
《所得税法》或《企业所得税法》中规定的方法或估值规则;或
Prescribed rates provided by the CIT.
CIT 提供的规定费率。
However, the CIT has also provided a list of benefit-in-kind that have been granted administrative concessions or exempted from income tax. This list can be found on the IRAS website.
但是,CIT还提供了一份已获得行政优惠或免征所得税的实物福利清单。此列表可在IRAS网站上找到。
In the following paragraphs, we will be touching on some of the common benefits given by employers to their employees
在以下段落中,我们将讨论雇主给予雇员的一些常见福利
Relocation benefits
搬迁的好处
This is generally given to expatriate staff to assist them in relocating themselves and their family members to Singapore in order for them to commence their Singapore employment. The benefit can be given either by way of a fixed sum allowance or pure reimbursement of relocation expenses incurred by the expatriate staff.
这通常提供给外籍员工,以协助他们将自己和家人搬迁到新加坡,以便他们开始在新加坡工作。这种福利可以通过固定金额津贴或纯粹报销外籍工作人员的搬迁费用的方式提供。
Generally, a fixed sum allowance will be taxable in full. The employee can then claim deduction of the actual relocation costs that he has expended against the gross allowance. The excess of the relocation allowance from the relocation expenses is taxable. On the other hand, if the relocation expenses actually incurred exceed the allowance given, the excess expenses will be disregarded and cannot be set-off against other taxable income.
一般来说,固定金额的免税额将全额征税。然后,雇员可以要求从总津贴中扣除他所花费的实际搬迁费用。搬迁费用中超出的搬迁津贴应纳税。另一方面,如果实际发生的搬迁费用超过给予的免税额,则超出部分的费用将被忽略,不能与其他应纳税所得额抵销。
Examples of relocation expenses that are allowed for deduction against relocation allowance include:
允许从搬迁津贴中扣除的搬迁费用示例包括:
Cost of airfare to bring the foreign employees, their family members and pets to Singapore
将外籍员工、其家人和宠物带到新加坡的机票费用
Freight / storage charges to move personal effects
搬运个人物品的运费/仓储费
Cost of temporary accommodation (i.e. hotel or serviced apartment) incurred before the commencement of employment
入职前发生的临时住宿(即酒店或服务式公寓)费用
Settling-in expenses (e.g. first purchase of beddings, kitchen appliances, subscription to broadband Internet access and enrolment for immersion programmes for expatriates)
安顿费用(例如首次购买床上用品、厨房用具、订阅宽带互联网接入和注册外籍人士沉浸式课程)
Pure reimbursements of relocation expenses are not taxable as the expatriate staff did not derive a personal benefit. The reimbursement is compensatory in nature and for the benefit of the employer.
搬迁费用的纯报销不征税,因为外籍工作人员没有获得个人福利。报销性质是补偿性的,是为了雇主的利益。
Where the employer bears the cost of the first passage to Singapore (to take up employment here) and the last passage out of Singapore (when the expatriate finally returns to his home country upon termination of his employment contract), the cost borne will not be a taxable benefit. This is because such costs are for the benefit of the employer.
如果雇主承担第一次前往新加坡(在这里就业)和最后一次离开新加坡(当外籍人士在终止雇佣合同后最终返回其祖国时)的费用,则所承担的费用将不是应税福利。这是因为这些费用是为了雇主的利益。
Leave Passage
离开通道
With effect from Y/A 2018, all holiday passages (this generally represents costs of airfare for employees’ holidays outside Singapore) given to employees will be taxable in full.
自 2018 年全年起,所有提供给员工的假期(这通常代表员工在新加坡境外度假的机票费用)都将全额征税。
Hotel Accommodation Benefit
酒店住宿优惠
With effect from Y/A 2015, the taxable benefit arising from hotel accommodation will be computed based on the actual cost of the hotel accommodation. If the employee contributed to the hotel accommodation, the contribution will be taken into consideration in determining the taxable benefit. For e.g. If the cost of the hotel accommodation provided to Stephan by the employer is $5,000 and Stephan contributed $500 to the hotel bill, the hotel accommodation benefit taxable on Stephan will be $4,500 ($5,000 - $500).
自2015年全年起,酒店住宿产生的应税优惠将根据酒店住宿的实际成本计算。如果员工为酒店住宿做出了贡献,则在确定应税福利时将考虑该贡献。例如,如果雇主向斯蒂芬提供的酒店住宿费用为 5,000 美元,而斯蒂芬在酒店账单中贡献了 500 美元,则斯蒂芬应纳税的酒店住宿福利将为 4,500 美元(5,000 美元 - 500 美元)。
Housing Accommodation Benefit
住房住宿福利
Home accommodation provided by the employer to the employee is a taxable benefit. The benefit can be given in various forms. The taxable benefit under the different forms can be summarized as follows:
雇主向雇员提供的家庭住宿是一项应税福利。好处可以以各种形式提供。不同形式的应课税优惠可归纳如下:
Housing allowance
住房补贴
The allowance will be taxable in full.
免税额将全额征税。
Employer bears the rental payment on lease agreement with landlord (regardless if employer or employee enters into the lease agreement with landlord)
雇主承担与房东签订的租赁协议的租金(无论雇主或雇员是否与房东签订租赁协议)
The rental borne by the employer will be taxable in full, net of any rental contribution by the employee.
雇主承担的租金将全额征税,扣除雇员的任何租金贡献。
Other arrangements for e.g. employer-owned property used as staff accommodation
其他安排,例如用作员工宿舍的雇主拥有的财产
The taxable accommodation benefit will be based on 100% of the annual value of the property, less any rental contribution by the employee. The annual value is prescribed by the Comptroller of Property Tax.
应税住宿福利将基于房产年价值的 100%,减去员工的任何租金贡献。年值由财产税主计长规定。
Provision of furnishing
提供家具
As accommodation provided to employees are furnished to some extent, the furniture and fittings included in the accommodation will give rise to a taxable benefit. The taxable benefit of furnishings included in accommodation provided by employers will be based on 40% of the annual value of the property if the accommodation is partially furnished and 50% of the annual value if the accommodation is fully furnished. The accommodation is considered only partially furnished if only fittings are provided (for e.g. Lights, air-conditioners, water heaters, ceiling fans). If both fittings and household appliances or furniture are included, the accommodation will be considered fully furnished.
由于提供给员工的住宿在一定程度上是有家具的,因此住宿中包含的家具和配件将产生应税福利。如果住宿是部分家具,则雇主提供的住宿中包含的家具的应税优惠将基于房产年价值的 40%,如果住宿设施齐全,则为年价值的 50%。如果只提供配件(例如灯、空调、热水器、吊扇),则住宿仅被视为部分家具。如果包括配件和家用电器或家具,则住宿将被视为家具齐全。
Utilities and housekeeping expenses
水电费和家政费
If the employer should bear the utilities, housekeeping, telephone and gardening expenses of the employee’s accommodation, such expenses borne will constitute a taxable benefit on the employee. The full cost borne by the employee will be the taxable benefit as these expenses are generally considered for private consumption.
如果雇主应承担雇员住宿的水电费、家政费、电话费和园艺费,则该等费用将构成雇员的应课税福利。雇员承担的全部费用将是应税福利,因为这些费用通常被认为是私人消费。
Transportation Benefit
交通效益
Motor car expenses incurred on the provision of car and/or driver solely for business purposes will not be assessable to tax on the employee. This means that only car expenses incurred for private usage by the employee is a taxable benefit. The apportionment between private and business use is normally based on mileage. For this purpose, private use includes travelling between home and the place of work.
仅出于商业目的提供汽车和/或司机而产生的汽车费用将不适用于对雇员征税。这意味着只有员工私人使用的汽车费用才是应税福利。私人用途和商业用途之间的分配通常基于里程。为此,私人用途包括在家和工作地点之间旅行。
Provision of car by the employer
雇主提供汽车
With effect from Y/A 2020, the taxable benefit of a brand-new motor car provided by employer is:
自 2020 年全年起,雇主提供的全新汽车的应税优惠为:
[3/7 x {Cost of car – PARF rebate} /10] + [3/7 x the actual car running and maintenance costs incurred/borne by the employer]
[3/7 x {汽车成本 – PARF 回扣} /10] + [3/7 x 雇主发生/承担的实际汽车运行和维护成本]
Where:
哪里:
Cost of car refers to purchase price inclusive of the cost of the Certificate of Entitlement.
汽车成本是指购买价格,包括权利证书的成本。
PARF rebate refers to the Preferential Additional Registration Fee rebate to be granted when the car is de-registered during the period between the 9th and 10th year of age of the car.
PARF回扣是指在汽车9 th 至10 th 年车龄期间,汽车注销时给予的优惠额外注册费回赠。
This formula is derived based on the following premise:
该公式基于以下前提推导:
The formula comprises two components. The first part covers the cost of the car provided for the employee’s use (for both private and business purposes) and the second part covers the running expenses of the car.
该公式由两个部分组成。第一部分涵盖为员工提供的汽车成本(用于私人和商业目的),第二部分涵盖汽车的运行费用。
The actual cost of the car should take into account the residual value of the car that will be “repayable” to the buyer at the end of the life of the car.
汽车的实际成本应考虑到汽车的剩余价值,该剩余价值将在汽车使用寿命结束时“偿还”给买方。
The life span of a car in Singapore is 10 years – that is the length of the COE period. Hence, the employee will be taxed on one-tenth of the net cost of the car for each year of usage.
在新加坡,汽车的使用寿命为 10 年——这是 COE 期限的长度。因此,员工将按每年使用汽车净成本的十分之一征税。
It is estimated that the car will be used for private purposes for 3 days out of 7 days in a week and this takes into account travels between home and office.
据估计,这辆车将在一周的 3 天中有 7 天用于私人目的,这考虑到了家庭和办公室之间的旅行。
If a second-hand car was bought or the COE was renewed to extend the life of the car, the above formula used will be tweaked and these can be found on IRAS website.
如果购买了二手车或更新了 COE 以延长汽车的使用寿命,则上述使用的公式将被调整,这些公式可以在 IRAS 网站上找到。
Driver is provided by employer
司机由雇主提供
Taxable benefit = Annual cost of driver x (Private mileage / Total mileage)
应税福利 = 司机的年度费用 x(私人里程 / 总里程)
For e.g. On 1 January, the company provided John with a car costing $200,000 and which has a residual/PARF value of $50,000. The running expenses, including petrol, amounting to $21,000, were borne by the company. In addition, a chauffeur was also provided and his annual salary is $28,000. Out of the total mileage of 10,000 km travelled in the year, 60% was for business-related trips. The taxable benefit is calculated as follows:
例如,1月1日,该公司向John提供了一辆价值200,000美元的汽车,其剩余/PARF价值为50,000美元。包括汽油在内的运行费用为21,000美元,由该公司承担。此外,还提供了一名司机,他的年薪为 28,000 美元。在全年行驶的 10,000 公里总里程中,60% 是与商务相关的旅行。应税福利的计算方法如下:
Car benefit = 3/7[ ($200,000 - $50,000)/10] + 3/7 x $21,000]
汽车保障 =3/7[ ($200,000 - $50,000)/10] + 3/7 x $21,000]
= $6,429 + $$9,000
=6,429 美元 + 9,000 美元
= $15,429
Insurance premium paid by employer
雇主缴纳的保险费
The amount of premium is a taxable benefit to the employee if the employee or his family members (i.e. not the company) is named as the beneficiary in the policies
如果雇员或其家庭成员(即非公司)在保单中被指定为受益人,则保费金额是雇员的应税利益
Share Option Benefit
购股权权益
A share/stock option gives an employee the right to purchase shares in the company at a fixed price within a predetermined period. The employee will benefit when the share price increases over time and he is able to exercise his options by buying the shares at the fixed price while selling at the higher market price. In other words, a share/stock option allows the employee to purchase shares in the company at a discounted price.
股票/股票期权赋予员工在预定期限内以固定价格购买公司股票的权利。当股价随着时间的推移而上涨时,员工将受益,他可以通过以固定价格买入股票同时以更高的市场价格卖出来行使期权。换句话说,股票/股票期权允许员工以折扣价购买公司的股票。
This benefit is taxable on the employee at the time the option is exercised and not when the option was first granted to the employee. With effect from 1/1/2003, gains from stock options granted from Singapore employment will be taxable in Singapore even if the options are exercised after the individual has ceased employment or left Singapore
该福利在行使期权时对员工征税,而不是在首次授予员工期权时征税。自 2003 年 1 月 1 日起,从新加坡就业中获得的股票期权收益将在新加坡纳税,即使期权是在个人停止就业或离开新加坡后行使的
Taxable value = Market price of share at the time when option exercised less the amount paid for the shares
应税价值 = 期权行使时的股票市场价格减去为股票支付的金额
If the company is a private company, the CIT may accept the Net Asset Value of the company as a proxy to determine the market value of the shares on the date of exercise.
如果公司是私人公司,CIT可以接受公司的资产净值作为代理,以确定行权日股票的市场价值。
School fees for children of expatriate staff
外籍工作人员子女的学费
School fees paid for children of staff is a taxable benefit and the taxable value is the actual school fees paid.
为教职员工子女支付的学费是应税福利,应税价值是实际支付的学费。
Club membership
俱乐部会员
For corporate memberships,
对于企业会员,
Entrance fee is not taxable as the employer is the “owner” of the membership while the subscription fee is taxable only on the amount that relates to personal usage
由于雇主是会员资格的“所有者”,因此无需纳税,而订阅费仅对与个人使用相关的金额征税
For individual memberships,
对于个人会员资格,
Entrance fees paid by employer is taxable in full and the subscription is taxable only on the amount that relates to personal usage
雇主支付的入场费应全额征税,订阅仅对与个人使用相关的金额征税
Gifts / Awards
礼品/奖品
Generally, where the value of the gift or award is $200 or less, the gift or award (whether in cash or non-cash) will not be taxable. If the value exceeds the exemption threshold of $200, the whole amount of the gift or award will be taxable.
一般来说,如果礼物或奖励的价值为 200 美元或以下,则礼物或奖励(无论是现金还是非现金)将不征税。如果价值超过 200 美元的免税门槛,则礼物或奖励的全部金额将应纳税。
Various other Employment Benefits
各种其他就业福利
Please refer to IRAS website under “FAQ on Tax Treatment on Employee Remuneration” for further details of the current tax treatment of various other employment benefits that have not been covered above. For purposes of the course, we will focus on those that have been discussed under 1 to 12 above.
请参阅IRAS网站「雇员薪酬税务处理常见问题」,以了解上文未涵盖的其他各种雇佣福利的现行税务处理详情。出于本课程的目的,我们将重点关注上述 1 至 12 项下讨论过的内容。
SOME NON-TAXABLE EMPLOYMENT RECEIPTS
一些非应税就业收据
Where an employee receives or is entitled to receive payments from his employer which is not related to employment services provided or to be provided by the employee, the receipt will not be taxable.
如果雇员从雇主那里收到或有权收到与雇员提供或将要提供的就业服务无关的付款,则该收据将不征税。
3.5.1 Payments for restrictive covenants
3.5.1 限制性契约的付款
This is payment in return for restrictive covenants imposed on the employee to ensure that the employee does not take up employment with competitors or start his own business in direct competition with his former employer. Such payments are capital in nature as the payment is made in substitution of a source of income.
这是对雇员施加的限制性契约的回报,以确保雇员不会与竞争对手合作或在与前雇主直接竞争的情况下开始自己的业务。这种支付本质上是资本,因为支付是为了替代收入来源。
3.5.2 Compensation for loss of office
3.5.2 职务损失赔偿
Payment made by the employer to the employee for termination of employment (loss of office) is a capital receipt as it relates to the termination of a source of future income. This is so even where the compensation sum is provided for in the contract of service or collective agreement and is calculated based on the number of years of service with the employer.
雇主向雇员支付的终止雇佣关系(失去职位)的款项是资本收入,因为它与终止未来收入来源有关。即使服务合同或集体协议中规定了补偿金额,并且是根据在雇主的服务年限计算的,情况也是如此。
However, other payments such as payment-in-lieu of notice, ex-gratia and gratuity for past services are not payments for loss of office. They are for services already rendered by the employee and thus taxable.
然而,其他款项,例如代通知金、特惠金和过往服务的酬金,并非因失去公职而支付的款项。它们适用于员工已经提供的服务,因此应纳税。
DEDUCTIONS ALLOWED AGAINST EMPLOYMENT INCOME
允许从就业收入中扣除
Where an employee incurs expenses that are related to the discharge of employment duties but which are not reimbursed by the employer, the employee is allowed to claim such expenses (employment expenses) against his employment income. For example, entertainment expenses incurred in entertaining clients, public transport expenses incurred for client meetings as well as subscription fees paid to professional bodies or society. It should be noted that where the fees are reimbursed by the employer to enable the employee to access professional updates, knowledge and networking, the reimbursement is a taxable benefit arising from employment and the employee is allowed to claim the fees as employment expenses.
如果雇员因履行雇佣职责而产生但雇主不予报销的费用,则该雇员可以从其就业收入中索偿该费用(雇佣费用)。例如,招待客户的招待费、客户会议的公共交通费以及支付给专业团体或社团的会费。应注意的是,如果雇主报销费用以使雇员能够获得专业更新、知识和网络,则该报销是因受雇而产生的应税福利,雇员可以将费用作为雇佣费用申领。
Tutorial Questions
教程问题
1
Christopher was posted to the Singapore office of Technex Inc, a US company, to work on a project jointly with his colleagues in Singapore. He entered Singapore on 15 November 2019 and left on 28 February 2020. His salary of US$ 8,000 per month will continue to be paid by his US employer into his bank account in the US while the Singapore company will pay him a monthly allowance of S$3,000. State the basis period for the relevant Y/As and advise if Christopher’s income for his duration of stay in Singapore will be subject to Singapore tax.
Christopher 被派往美国公司 Technex Inc 的新加坡办事处,与他在新加坡的同事共同从事一个项目。他于2019年11月15日进入新加坡,于2020年2月28日离开。他每月8,000美元的工资将继续由他的美国雇主支付到他在美国的银行账户中,而新加坡公司将每月向他支付3,000新元的津贴。说明相关 Y/A 的基准期,并告知 Christopher 在新加坡逗留期间的收入是否需缴纳新加坡税。
2 Housing Benefit
2 住房福利
An employee was paid salary of $200,000 and bonus of $50,000 in a calendar year. He was also provided with a partially furnished accommodation with monthly rental of $5,000 paid by employer. The Annual Value of the apartment is $30,000. The employee contributed $6,000 in the year towards the rental of the apartment. What is the taxable value of the accommodation provided in YA 2021? What is his total taxable employment income?
一名雇员在一个日历年内获得 200,000 美元的薪水和 50,000 美元的奖金。此外,雇主还为他提供了部分家具的住所,每月租金为5,000元。公寓的年价值为 30,000 美元。该雇员在一年中为公寓的租金贡献了 6,000 美元。2021 年提供的住宿的应税价值是多少?他的应税就业总收入是多少?
3 Air Passage Benefit
3 航空通道福利
Mr. Xavier, a US Citizen arrived in Singapore on 15 January 2020 to commence employment with a company in Singapore. During the year, the company paid the following for him & his family.
泽维尔先生,美国公民,于2020年1月15日抵达新加坡,开始在新加坡的一家公司工作。在这一年中,公司为他和他的家人支付了以下费用。
$ | |
Air passage for Mr Xavier and his family to move to Singapore 1 return trip to US for Mr. & Mrs. Xavier | 30,000 10,000 |
Additional trip for Mrs. Xavier to visit her sick father | 4,000 |
A family holiday to Tokyo | 5,000 |
What is the taxable passage?
什么是应税通道?
4. Benefits in Kind
4. 实物福利
Alistair, a Singapore citizen, is the regional sales director of Acushnet Pte Ltd. He received the following employment benefits from the company for the year ended 31.12.2020:
Alistair是新加坡公民,是Acushnet Pte Ltd.的区域销售总监。彼于截至2020年12月31日止年度从本公司获得以下雇佣福利:
(a) A $6,500 air ticket to San Francisco was paid by the company to enable him to attend his daughter’s graduation ceremony.
(a) 该公司支付了一张6 500美元的飞往旧金山的机票,以便他能够参加女儿的毕业典礼。
(b) He was provided with a car (BMW model) by the company and the cost of the car is $225,000 (including COE of $93,000) and its PARF value is $65,000. The company paid for the car’s running expenses, including petrol, of $24,000.
(b) 该公司向他提供了一辆汽车(宝马车型),该车的成本为225,000美元(包括93,000美元的COE),其PARF价值为65,000美元。该公司支付了24,000美元的汽车运行费用,包括汽油。
(c) A Rolex gold watch worth $12,000 was awarded to him for his 10-year long service during the company’s annual dinner and dance.
(c) 他获颁一枚价值12,000元的劳力士金表,以表扬他在公司年度晚宴及舞会上长达10年的服务。
(d) On 15 May 2020, Alistair was granted an option to purchase 5,000 shares in Acushnet Ltd, the parent company of Acushnet Pte Ltd at $4.50. Alistair exercised the option on 30 June and bought 2,000 shares; the market price on 30 June was $6.50. He sold the shares on 15 November when the market price was $7.00. All transactions were carried out in 2020.
(d) 2020 年 5 月 15 日,Alistair 被授予以 4.50 澳元的价格购买 Acushnet Pte Ltd 母公司 Acushnet Ltd 的 5,000 股股票的选择权。Alistair于6月30日行使期权并购买了2,000股;6月30日的市场价格为6.50美元。他于11月15日出售了股票,当时市场价格为7.00美元。所有交易均在 2020 年进行。
Required:
必填:
Calculate total amount of Alistair’s benefits-in-kind assessable to tax for Y/A 2021.
计算 Alistair 2021 年应纳税的实物福利总额。
TOPIC 4: PERSONAL RELIEFS
主题4:个人救济
PERSONAL RELIEFS
个人救济
Personal reliefs are granted only to resident individuals and Hindu joint families while body of persons and company are not eligible for personal reliefs. Such reliefs are to be deducted from the assessable income of individuals to ascertain the chargeable income on which tax is then computed. However, before personal reliefs can be claimed, the resident individual may have to satisfy the relevant conditions in the preceding calendar year.
个人救济仅授予居民个人和印度教联合家庭,而个人和公司则没有资格获得个人救济。该等宽免须从个人的应评税入息中扣除,以确定其应课税入息,并据以计算税款。但是,在申请个人救济之前,居民个人可能必须满足上一个日历年的相关条件。
EARNED INCOME RELIEF
劳动收入减免
A taxpayer will be granted earned income relief only if he derives earned income. For this purpose, earned income is defined as any income from trade, business, vocation or profession (Section 10(1)(a)), employment (Section10(1)(b)) and pension (Section 10(1)(e). Therefore, if an individual derives income from only passive sources like interest, dividend and rental income, earned income relief will not be granted. The amount of relief granted, is restricted to the lower of actual amount of earned income or as follows:
只有当纳税人获得劳动收入时,他才能获得劳动收入减免。就此而言,劳动收入被定义为来自贸易、商业、职业或专业(第10(1)(a)条)、就业(第10(1)(b)条)和退休金(第10(1)(e)条)的任何收入。因此,如果个人仅从利息、股息和租金收入等被动来源获得收入,则不会给予劳动收入减免。给予的减免金额仅限于实际劳动收入的较低者,或如下:
Age of taxpayer (as at 31 Dec of basis year | Normal (wef Y/A 2013) | Handicapped (wef Y/A 2013) |
Below 55 | $1,000 | $4,000 |
55 to 59 | $6,000 | $10,000 |
60 and above | $8,000 | $12,000 |
An individual is entitled to handicapped earned income relief if he is suffering from physical or mental disability, which permanently or severely affects his ability to work.
如果一个人患有身体或精神残疾,永久或严重影响其工作能力,则有权获得残疾人劳动收入减免。
SPOUSE RELIEF
配偶救济
A taxpayer may claim spouse relief ($2,000 or $3,500 for a handicapped spouse) if both the following conditions are met:
如果同时满足以下两个条件,纳税人可以申请配偶减免(残疾配偶为 2,000 美元或 3,500 美元):
The spouse is living with or supported by the taxpayer (for eg a taxpayer who is legally separated from the spouse may claim the amount of maintenance payments paid in the previous year made under a Court Order or Deed of Separation, up to the rates specified above); and
配偶与纳税人同住或由纳税人赡养(例如,与配偶合法分居的纳税人可以要求根据法院命令或分居契约支付上一年支付的赡养费金额,最高可达上述费率);和
The spouse does not have an annual income (comprising of taxable, tax exempt and foreign sourced income) exceeding $4,000 in the previous year. This condition is not required in the case of handicapped spouses.
配偶上一年的年收入(包括应税收入、免税收入和外国来源收入)不超过 4,000 美元。对于残疾配偶,则不需要此条件。
Further, no other relief can be claimed by other family members in respect of the dependent on whom spouse relief has been claimed by the taxpayer spouse. For instance, none of the taxpayer’s children or their spouses is allowed to claim parent/handicapped parent relief in respect of the taxpayer’s spouse.
此外,其他家庭成员不得就纳税人配偶申请配偶减免的受抚养人申请其他减免。例如,纳税人的子女或其配偶均不得就纳税人的配偶申请父母/残疾父母的救济。
CHILD RELIEF
儿童救济
There are two (2) types of child relief available:
有两 (2) 种类型的儿童救济可用:
Qualifying child relief (QCR) or Handicapped child relief (HCR); and
合格儿童救济 (QCR) 或残疾儿童救济 (HCR);和
Working Mother’s child relief (WMCR)
职业母亲子女救济 (WMCR)
4.4.1 Qualifying child relief/Handicapped child relief
4.4.1 合格儿童救济/残疾儿童救济
A taxpayer or his wife may claim QCR / HCR if you are a parent maintaining an unmarried child who satisfies all these conditions:
如果您是抚养未婚子女的父母,并且满足以下所有条件,纳税人或其妻子可以申请 QCR / HCR:
Qualifying Conditions | QCR | HCR |
Child was born to you and your spouse / ex-spouse or child is a step-child or child is legally adopted. | Yes | Yes |
Child was below 16 years old or studying full-time at any university, college or other educational institution at any time in the basis period | Yes | Not applicable |
Child did not have an annual income* exceeding $4,000 in basis period | Yes | Not applicable |
Child is mentally or physically handicapped | Not applicable | Yes |
Table 4.4
表 4.4
*Income includes National Service Allowances, income (e.g., allowances, salary etc.) from internship and attachment. It does not include scholarships, bursaries and similar allowances.
*收入包括国民服务津贴、实习和实习所得(如津贴、工资等)。它不包括奖学金、助学金和类似津贴。
4.4.2 Working Mother’s Child Relief
4.4.2 在职母亲子女救济
This relief is targeted at working mothers and is meant to encourage married women to remain in the workforce after having children. It is therefore not available to male taxpayers nor extended to unmarried mothers. To qualify for this relief, the taxpayer must be a working mother who also satisfies all of the following conditions:
这项救济措施针对的是职业母亲,旨在鼓励已婚妇女在生完孩子后继续留在劳动力市场。因此,它不适用于男性纳税人,也不适用于未婚母亲。要获得此减免的资格,纳税人必须是满足以下所有条件的职业母亲:
Is tax resident in Singapore; and
是新加坡的税务居民;和
Is married, divorced or widowed in the preceding year; and
前一年结婚、离婚或丧偶;和
Has earned income (see Earned Income Relief to recap the definition of earned income) in the previous year; and
上一年有收入(见收入减免,概述收入收入的定义);和
Has a child who is Singapore citizen as at 31 December of the previous year and who also satisfies all the conditions under QCR or HCR
有一个孩子在前一年的12月31日是新加坡公民,并且也满足QCR或HCR的所有条件
The relief is given as follows:
救济如下:
1st child | 15% of working mother’s earned income |
2nd child | 20% of working mother’s earned income |
3rd child and each subsequent child | 25% of working mother’s earned income |
The cumulative WMCR percentages are capped at 100% of the working mother’s earned income. Either the husband or wife can claim QCR/HCR but only the working wife can claim WMCR on the same child. Alternatively, the working wife can claim all the child reliefs. The decision is up to the couple. However, it should be noted that the maximum relief for each child claimed by both husband and wife (i.e. QCR/HCR and WMCR) is $50,000.
WMCR的累积百分比上限为职业母亲收入的100%。丈夫或妻子都可以申请 QCR/HCR,但只有工作的妻子可以为同一个孩子申请 WMCR。或者,在职妻子可以申请所有子女救济。决定权在这对夫妇手中。然而,应注意的是,夫妻双方(即QCR/HCR和WMCR)为每名子女申索的最高宽免额为50,000元。
As announced in Budget 2023, with effect from Y/A 2025, this relief will be changed to a fixed dollar tax relief instead of the current basis of claim based on the qualifying mother’s earned income.
正如 2023 年预算案所宣布的那样,自 2025 年全年起,这项减免将改为固定美元税收减免,而不是目前基于合格母亲收入的索赔基础。
GRANDPARENT CAREGIVER RELIEF (GCR)
祖父母照顾者救济 (GCR)
This relief is given to working mothers whose child is being looked after by her parent, parent-in-law, grandparent or grandparent-in-law. This relief is not extended to taxpayers who are unmarried mothers or male taxpayers.
这种救济适用于其子女由父母、岳父母、祖父母或祖父母照顾的职业母亲。这项减免不适用于未婚母亲或男性纳税人的纳税人。
The GCR of $3,000 can be claimed by a married, widowed or divorced working mother on one of the caregivers if both the following conditions are met:
如果同时满足以下两个条件,已婚、丧偶或离婚的职业母亲可以向其中一位照顾者申请 3,000 美元的 GCR:
The parent / grandparent (including in-laws) caregiver is living in Singapore and was not carrying on any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment in the preceding year. With effect from Y/A 2024, the relief will be given where the grandparent caregiver does not have annual income from any trade, business, profession, vocation and/or employment in excess of $4,000. (The next condition must still be satisfied.)
父母/祖父母(包括姻亲)的照顾者居住在新加坡,并且在前一年没有从事任何贸易、业务、专业、职业或工作。自 2024 年全年起,如果祖父母照顾者从任何行业、商业、专业、职业和/或就业中获得的年收入不超过 4,000 美元,则将给予减免。(仍必须满足下一个条件。
The child must be legitimate, stepchild or legally adopted who is a Singapore citizen and is aged 12 years or below at any time in the preceding year. With effect from YA 2020, the age limit of 12 years or below is not relevant if the child is handicapped and unmarried. All other conditions continue to apply.
孩子必须是新加坡公民的婚生子女、继子女或合法收养的孩子,并且在前一年的任何时间年满 12 岁或以下。自2020年新学年起,如果孩子是残疾和未婚,则12岁或以下的年龄限制无关紧要。所有其他条件继续适用。
It should be noted that GCR can be claimed in addition to parent / handicapped parent relief but no two working mothers may claim GCR on the same parent or grandparent.
需要注意的是,除了父母/残疾父母救济之外,还可以申请GCR,但不能有两个在职母亲向同一位父母或祖父母申请GCR。
FOREIGN MAID LEVY – 2 times of levy paid
外国女佣征费 – 已缴征费的 2 倍
To provide further assistance to married women who choose or need to remain in the workforce after having children, relief at twice the total foreign domestic worker levy paid in the previous year on one foreign domestic worker. This relief is given to the working female resident taxpayer who in the preceding year is
为向生育子女后选择或需要继续留职的已婚妇女提供进一步援助,减免一名外籍家庭佣工上一年缴纳的外籍家庭佣工税总额的两倍。这项减免适用于在前一年
Married and living with her husband; or
已婚并与丈夫同住;或
Married but husband is not resident in Singapore or separated from her husband, divorced or widowed; and
已婚但丈夫不在新加坡居住或与丈夫分居、离婚或丧偶;和
has children who lived with her and on whom she could claim child relief.
有孩子和她住在一起,她可以向他们申请儿童救济。
Although the maid can be employed by the wife or her husband, the relief can only be claimed against the earned income of the wife. Currently, the foreign maid levy is $300 per month although there is a concessionary levy of $60 for families which have a Singapore citizen child aged below 12 years old staying in the same household; or to families which have a Singaporean parent/grandparent (including in-laws) aged 65 years and above staying in the same household.
虽然女佣可以受雇于妻子或其丈夫,但只能根据妻子的劳动收入要求减免。目前,外国女佣税为每月 300 元,但对有 12 岁以下新加坡公民子女住在同一家庭的家庭,可享受 60 元的优惠税;或有65岁及以上的新加坡父母/祖父母(包括姻亲)住在同一家庭的家庭。
As announced in Budget 2023, this relief will no longer be available effective from Y/A 2025.
正如 2023 年预算案中宣布的那样,从 2025 年全年起,这项减免将不再可用。
PARENT/HANDICAPPED PARENT RELIEF
父母/残疾父母救济
This relief is given to promote filial piety as well as to provide recognition to individuals who support their parents in Singapore. This relief is available if the taxpayer maintained his or his spouse’s parents, grandparents and great grandparent and the following conditions are met by the dependent parent in the previous year:
这项救济是为了促进孝道,并对在新加坡赡养父母的个人表示认可。如果纳税人赡养其配偶的父母、祖父母和曾祖父母,并且受抚养的父母在上一年满足以下条件,则可以享受此减免:
The dependent parent is living in Singapore; and
受抚养的父母居住在新加坡;和
The dependent parent is living with the taxpayer or the taxpayer has incurred at least $2,000 in supporting the dependent parent; and
受抚养的父母与纳税人同住,或者纳税人为抚养受抚养的父母支付了至少 2,000 美元;和
The dependent parent is 55 years of age or above in the previous year or was physically or mentally disabled; and
受供养父母在上一年度年满55岁或以上,或身体或精神残疾;和
The dependent parent’s annual income (comprising taxable income, tax exempt income and foreign sourced income) does not exceed $4,000 although the income threshold has been removed for handicapped parent/grandparent/great grandparent effective Y/A 2010.
受抚养父母的年收入(包括应税收入、免税收入和外国来源收入)不超过 4,000 美元,尽管自 2010 年全年起取消了残疾父母/祖父母/曾祖父母的收入门槛。
The amount of the relief is as follows:
减免金额如下:
If taxpayer is | Normal parent relief | Handicapped parent relief |
Living with parent | $9,000 | $14,000 |
Not living with parent | $5,500 | $10,000 |
The following should also be noted:
还应注意以下几点:
Taxpayer can only claim either normal or handicapped parent relief on one dependent parent;
纳税人只能向受抚养的父母一方申请正常或残疾的父母救济;
Taxpayer can claim relief for a maximum of 2 qualifying dependent parent for each Y/A.
纳税人可以为每个 Y/A 最多 2 名符合条件的受抚养父母申请减免。
There are no other reliefs (e.g. spouse relief, handicapped spouse relief) claimed by any other person except for grandparent caregiver relief.
除祖父母照顾者救济外,任何其他人都没有申请其他救济(例如配偶救济、残疾配偶救济)。
With effect from YA 2015, the relief can be shared amongst siblings if the dependent parent is being maintained by more than one child. The basis of apportionment must be agreed between the siblings otherwise it will be apportioned equally amongst the claimant siblings.
从2015年起,如果受抚养的父母由一个以上的孩子抚养,则可以在兄弟姐妹之间分享救济。分摊的依据必须在兄弟姐妹之间商定,否则将在索赔人的兄弟姐妹之间平均分摊。
HANDICAPPED SIBILING RELIEF
残障人士减免
This relief of $5,500 for each handicapped sibling is available to a taxpayer who maintains the handicapped (physically or mentally) sibling (of the taxpayer or the spouse) and who satisfies the following:
每个残疾兄弟姐妹 5,500 美元的减免适用于赡养(纳税人或配偶)的残疾(身体或精神)兄弟姐妹并满足以下条件的纳税人:
The dependent handicapped sibling is living in Singapore; and
受抚养的残疾兄弟姐妹居住在新加坡;和
The dependent handicapped sibling is either living in the same household as taxpayer or taxpayer has incurred at least $2,000 in maintaining the dependent.
受扶养的残疾兄弟姐妹要么与纳税人住在同一家庭,要么纳税人为抚养受抚养人而支付了至少 2,000 美元。
This relief may also be apportioned as agreed amongst the siblings and this is no limit imposed on the number of dependents. However, the Handicapped Sibling Relief is given only if no other relief (e.g. Handicapped Spouse Relief or Handicapped Child relief) has been claimed by any other person in respect of the dependent sibling.
这种救济也可以按照兄弟姐妹之间的协议进行分配,这对受抚养人的数量没有限制。然而,只有当任何其他人没有就受抚养的兄弟姐妹申请其他济助(例如残疾配偶济助或残疾子女济助)时,才会给予残疾兄弟姐妹济助。
NATION SERVICEMEN RELIEF
国家军人救济
A taxpayer can claim NSman (self) relief if he has completed his full-time national service. The amount of relief is dependent on whether he was called up annually for in-camp training and other activities to maintain his operational efficiency and whether he is a key command and staff appointment holder (KAH).
如果纳税人已经完成了全日制国民服务,他可以申请 NSman(自我)救济。减免的数额取决于他是否每年被征召参加营地训练和其他活动,以保持其行动效率,以及他是否是关键的指挥和参谋任命持有人。
Non-KAH | KAH | |
No in-camp training in the previous year | $1,500 | $3,500 |
In-camp training in the previous year | $3.000 | $5,000 |
The family members of the NSman is also entitled to reliefs as follows
NSman的家庭成员也有权获得以下救济
4.7.1 NSman Wife relief
4.7.1 NSman 妻子救济
The relief of $750 is available to the wife and widow of NSmen provided the following conditions are satisfied
如果满足以下条件,NSmen 的妻子和遗孀可以获得 750 美元的救济
The wife or widow must be Singapore citizens (widow must not have remarried)
妻子或寡妇必须是新加坡公民(寡妇不得再婚)
The marriage has not been dissolved by divorce or annulment; and
婚姻没有因离婚或宣告无效而解除;和
The husband must be entitled to NSman relief for that Y/A.
丈夫必须有权获得该 Y/A 的 NSman 救济。
4.7.2 NSman Parent relief
4.7.2 NSman 家长救济
A parent can claim NSman relief of $750 in respect of only one son regardless of the number of sons who have undergone national service. The relief shall be granted even if the national serviceman has died. The following conditions must also be satisfied:
父母只能为一个儿子申请 750 美元的 NSman 救济,无论有多少儿子服过兵役。即使国民服役人员死亡,也应给予救济。还必须满足以下条件:
The parent must be a Singapore citizen
父母必须是新加坡公民
The NS man must be his/her legitimate child; and
NS男子必须是他/她的婚生子女;和
The child must be entitled to NSman relief for that Y/A
孩子必须有权获得该 Y/A 的 NSman 救济
Each taxpayer can only claim one type of NSman relief. For example, a wife cannot claim the relief for both husband and son but only for either one.
每个纳税人只能申请一种类型的 NSman 减免。例如,妻子不能同时为丈夫和儿子申请救济,而只能为其中任何一方申请救济。
RELIEF FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO CPF
对公积金缴款的减免
Employees
员工
All employees who are Singapore citizens or Singapore permanent residents are required to contribute to the Central Provident Fund or CPF. As contribution is compulsory, relief is thus given to taxpayers on their CPF contributions but only on
所有新加坡公民或新加坡永久居民的员工都必须向中央公积金或公积金供款。由于缴款是强制性的,因此纳税人的公积金缴款可以减免,但仅限于
Contributions within the statutory limits; and
在法定限额内供款;和
Voluntary contributions to the Medisave Account (from 1/1/2008)
对保健储蓄账户的自愿供款(自2008年1月1日起)
Currently the rate of compulsory CPF contribution by employees 55 years old and below is 20%. CPF relief on employees’ compulsory contribution is arrived at as follows:
目前,55岁及以下雇员的强制性公积金缴款率为20%。公积金对雇员强制缴款的减免如下:
CPF relief on ordinary wages “ÖW” (remuneration on monthly basis like basic salary, overtime pay, allowances, etc.) | 20% x lower of actual OW or OW ceiling (the ceiling is set at monthly wage of $6,000 up till 31/8/2023. From 1/9/2023 to 31/12/2023, the monthly ceiling is raised to $6,300. It will be further raised as follows: 1/1/2024 to 31/12/2024 - $6,800 1/1/2025 to 31/12/2025 - $7,400 1/1/2026 onwards - $8,000) |
CPF relief on additional wages “ÄW” (remuneration that are paid at intervals of more than a month like bonus, leave pay, etc.) | 20% x lower of actual AW or AW ceiling (the AW ceiling = total annual wages cap currently set at $102,000 – total OW subject to statutory CPF.) |
Example
例
Calculate the CPF relief on the statutory CPF contributions by the following individuals for the year 2022. Assume they are 55 years old and below.
计算以下个人在 2022 年法定公积金缴款的公积金减免。假设他们年龄在 55 岁及以下。
Simon | Julian | Sean | |
Annual OW (salary) | $40,000 | $50,000 | $80,000 |
Annual AW (bonus) | $30,000 | $60,000 | $60,000 |
Solution:
溶液:
Simon | Julian | Sean | |
OW subject to compulsory CPF contributions | Lower of actual OW ($40,000) or OW ceiling ($72,000) = $40,000 | Lower of $50,000 or $72,000 = $50,000 | Lower of $80,000 or $72,000 = $72,000 |
AW subject to compulsory CPF contributions | Lower of actual AW ($30,000) or AW ceiling (TW cap of $102,000 – OW subject to CPF or $102,000 - $40,000 = $62,000) = $30,000 | `Lower of $60,000 or AW ceiling ($102,000 - $50,000 = $52,000) = $52,000 | Lower of $60,000 or AW ceiling ($102,000 - $ 72,000 = $30,000) = $30,000 |
Employee’s CPF on OW (A) | 20% * $40,000 = $8,000 | 20% * $50,000 = $10,000 | 20% * $72,000 = $14,400 |
Employee’s CPF on AW (B) | 20% * $30,000 = $6,000 | 20% * $ 52,000 = $10,400 | 20% * $30,000 = $6,000 |
Total CPF relief (A + B) | $14,000 | $20,400 (max CPF relief) | $20,400 (max CPF relief) |
Self-employed
自雇人士
The sole trader or self-employed individual who is a Singapore citizen or permanent resident needs to contribute to his /her Medisave Account if the individual’s yearly net trade income is more than $6,000. Further, the taxpayer can also choose to contribute to CPF voluntarily.
作为新加坡公民或永久居民的个体经营者或个体经营者,如果个人的年净贸易收入超过 6,000 美元,则需要向他/她的保健储蓄账户供款。此外,纳税人也可以选择自愿缴纳公积金。
The allowable CPF contribution relief (statutory Medisave and voluntary CPF contribution) for self-employed, with effect from Y/A 2017, is capped at the lower of
自 2017 年全年起,自雇人士允许的公积金缴款减免(法定保健储蓄和自愿公积金缴款)上限为
Actual amount contributed in the basis year; or
基年实际缴款额;或
37% of net trade income (adjusted net profit after capital allowances) for the basis year; or
该基年度净贸易收入(扣除资本准备金后的调整后净利润)的37%;或
CPF relief cap for self-employed of $37,740 ($102,000 x 37%)
自雇人士的公积金减免上限为 37,740 美元(102,000 美元 x 37%)
COURSE FEE RELIEF
课程费用减免
This relief is given to encourage individuals to continuously upgrade themselves so as to enhance their life-long employability. A taxpayer is entitled to claim relief where he has incurred expenses on courses, seminars and conferences that:
这种救济是为了鼓励个人不断提升自己,以提高他们的终身就业能力。如果纳税人在课程、研讨会和会议上产生了以下费用,则有权申请减免:
Relates to his current trade, business, vocation, profession or employment; or
与他目前的贸易、业务、职业、专业或就业有关;或
Are relevant to the trade, business, vocation, profession or employment that the taxpayer intends to embark on (e.g. career change); or
与纳税人打算从事的贸易、业务、职业、专业或就业(例如转行)相关;或
Leads to an approved academic, vocational or professional qualification.
获得经批准的学术、职业或专业资格。
No relief is given for courses seminars and conferences where the taxpayer:
如果纳税人在以下情况下,课程、研讨会和会议不予减免:
Attended for recreational or leisure purposes; or
为娱乐或休闲目的而参加;或
Acquired general skills or knowledge
获得一般技能或知识
Acquired skills or knowledge as a hobby.
获得的技能或知识作为一种爱好。
Allowable course fees include registration or enrolment fees, examination fees, tuition fees and aptitude test fees but not for textbooks, living or travelling expenses.
允许的课程费用包括注册费或注册费、考试费、学费和能力测试费,但不包括教科书费、生活费或旅行费。
The taxpayer can claim the actual course fees incurred by himself/ herself up to a maximum of $5,500 each year regardless of the number of courses, seminars or conferences he/ she has attended.
纳税人可申索自己每年实际招致的课程费用,最高可达5,500元,不论他/她参加的课程、研讨会或会议的次数如何。
APPROVED DONATIONS
批准的捐款
Donations made to the Singapore government and approved organizations (known as institution of public character or IPC) are allowed for deduction against statutory income under Section 37(3) of the Income Tax Act. The deduction is given at the rate of 2.5 times up till 31 December 2026 by Ministerial pronouncement. (Under legislation, the rate of claim is 2 times). The types of donations that are approved for deduction by individuals are:
根据《所得税法》第37(3)条,向新加坡政府和经批准的组织(称为公共性质机构或IPC)的捐款可以从法定收入中扣除。截至2026年12月31日,部长公告将按2.5倍的税率扣除。(根据法律,索赔率为2倍)。个人批准扣除的捐赠类型有:
Gifts in cash made to the Singapore government or any approved IPC in Singapore; and
以现金形式赠送给新加坡政府或新加坡任何经批准的IPC;和
The following gifts in kind
以下实物礼物
Artwork/artefacts made to approved museums in Singapore;
在新加坡经批准的博物馆制作的艺术品/手工艺品;
Sculptures for public display outdoors made to an approved recipient, other than to an approved museum;
在户外公开展示的雕塑,由经批准的接受者制作,而不是经批准的博物馆;
Immovable property made to any approved IPC; and
向任何经批准的IPC提供不动产;和
Share or unit trusts donated by an individual to any approved IPC.
个人捐赠给任何经批准的IPC的股份或单位信托基金。
It is to be noted that only qualifying donations made to IPCs or the Singapore Government that benefit the local community will be allowed for deduction. Where the beneficiaries are foreigners, the donation will not be tax deductible even where the donation is managed by an approved IPC (for e.g., donations for overseas relief funds but which are collected through an approved IPC).
需要注意的是,只有向IPC或新加坡政府提供的有益于当地社区的合格捐款才被允许扣除。如果受益人是外国人,即使捐赠由经批准的IPC管理,捐赠也不可免税(例如,通过经批准的IPC收集的海外救济基金捐款)。
REBATES
回扣
Whereas reliefs are to be set-off against taxable income, tax rebates are to be set-off against the taxpayer’s tax liabilities.
减免应从应税所得额中抵销,而退税则从纳税人的纳税义务中抵销。
4.11.1 Parenthood Tax Rebate
4.11.1 亲子退税
This is given to married Singapore tax residents to encourage them to have more children. The rebate can be claimed by either parent or shared between them and is given as follows:
这是给已婚的新加坡税务居民的,以鼓励他们生育更多孩子。回扣可以由父母任何一方申请,也可以由他们之间共享,具体如下:
Order of Child | Amount of PTR |
1st child (born or legally adopted on or after 1/1/2008) | $5,000 |
2nd child (born or legally adopted on or after 1/1/2004) | $10,000 |
3rd and 4th child (born or legally adopted on or after 1/1/2004) | $20,000 for each child |
5th and subsequent child (born or legally adopted on or after 1/1/2008) | $20,000 for each child |
To qualify for the PTR, the child must be a legitimate child and a Singapore citizen at the time of birth or adoption or within 12 months thereafter and the siblings must be members of the same household. Any unutilized PTR can be carried forward until the rebate is fully utilized and it can be transferred to the taxpayer’s spouse.
要获得 PTR 的资格,孩子必须在出生或收养时或之后的 12 个月内是婚生子女和新加坡公民,并且兄弟姐妹必须是同一家庭的成员。任何未使用的 PTR 都可以结转,直到退税被充分利用,并且可以转移给纳税人的配偶。
4.11.2 Personal Tax Rebate
4.11.2 个人退税
A personal tax rebate is akin to a discount on the taxpayer’s tax liability. It should be noted that tax rebates are not necessarily available for every assessment year. For Y/A 2019, the Finance Minister granted a 50% personal tax rebate to resident individuals, subject to a maximum of $200. There was no personal tax rebate given to tax resident individuals for Y/A 2020 and Y/A 2021.
个人退税类似于纳税人纳税义务的折扣。应该注意的是,不一定每个评估年度都有退税。对于2019年全年,财政部长向居民个人提供50%的个人退税,最高限额为200美元。2020 年和 2021 年全年没有向税务居民个人提供个人退税。
FORMAT OF TAX COMPUTATION FOR A RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL
居民个人的税收计算格式
Now we can consolidate the various sources of income that an individual may derive into a typical tax computation for resident individuals. It should be noted that the taxable income from the various sources must be segregated. This is important as expenses claim must be made against the income from the respective sources. It should also be noted that if there is a loss or deficit from one source, it generally cannot be set-off against the taxable gains from another source, except for losses from trade/business source.
现在,我们可以将个人可能获得的各种收入来源合并到居民个人的典型税收计算中。应该注意的是,来自各种来源的应税收入必须分开。这一点很重要,因为必须根据各自来源的收入提出费用索赔。还应该注意的是,如果一个来源出现亏损或赤字,通常不能从另一个来源的应税收益中抵销,但贸易/商业来源的损失除外。
Income from trade/business source (net of deductible expenses and capital allowances) – covered under Sessions 5 to 7 | XXX | |
Less: | ||
Losses from trade/business from previous years (Session 8) | (X) | |
Net trade income | XXX | |
Income from Employment source | ||
Salary | X | |
Bonus | X | |
Allowances, etc. | X | |
Taxable value of car benefit | X | |
Taxable value of leave passages | X | |
Gain on stock options | X | |
Etc. | X | |
Gross Employment Income | XXX | |
Less Employment expenses (borne by taxpayer) | (X) | |
Net employment income | XXX | |
Total earned income | XXX | |
Income from other sources | ||
Dividend | X | |
Interest | X | |
Net rental | X | |
Statutory Income | XXX | |
Less: | ||
Unabsorbed donations brought forward from previous years | (X) | |
Approved donations in the basis period | (X) | |
Assessable Income | XXX | |
Less: | ||
Personal Reliefs | (X) | |
Chargeable Income | XXX | |
Applying tax rates under Part A, 2nd schedule | ||
Tax on first $XXX | XX.XX | |
Tax on next $XXX @ X% | XX.XX | |
Gross tax payable | XX.XX | |
Less: Personal tax rebate (where applicable) | (XX.XX) | |
Less: Parenthood tax rebate | (XX.XX) | |
Net Tax Payable | XX.XX |
Tutorial Questions
教程问题
1: Working women Child Relief
1:职业妇女儿童救济
Lyana who is an accountant, is a single parent with 3 children aged 9, 10, and 11 years old. She has employment income of $205,000 and rental income of $20,000. Calculate the WMCR and QCR available to her.
Lyana 是一名会计师,是单亲家庭,有 3 个孩子,年龄分别为 9 岁、10 岁和 11 岁。她的就业收入为 205,000 美元,租金收入为 20,000 美元。计算她可用的 WMCR 和 QCR。
2: Computation of Individual Taxation
2:个人税收的计算
Mr. Teo (50 years old) and Mrs. Teo (40 years old) have been married for several years. Mrs. Teo is a graduate. Their incomes for the year ended 31 December 2020 are shown below:
张先生(50岁)和张太太(40岁)已经结婚好几年了。张女士是毕业生。截至2020年12月31日止年度的收入如下:
Mr. Teo | Mrs. Teo | |
$ | $ | |
Assessable profit from trade after capital allowances | 55,000 | - |
Salary | - | 75,000 |
Net Rental income | - | 20,000 |
Interest income from POSB Bank savings deposit | - | 2,000 |
They have 2 children, aged 10 and 15 years old. As Mrs. Teo is working, they have a maid to look after the children. Mr. Teo was exempted from National service.
他们有 2 个孩子,年龄分别为 10 岁和 15 岁。由于张太太在工作,他们有一个女仆来照顾孩子。张先生免征国民服役。
During the year, Mr. Teo paid a premium of $4,500 on a life assurance policy with an assured capital sum of $100,000. He made compulsory contribution of $4,400 to his Medisave account; this was based on net trade income assessed for YA 2020 which amounted to $41,905. Mr. Teo paid the foreign maid levy of $60 per month as well as the maid’s monthly salary of $350. Mrs. Teo also contributed to CPF $15,000 (20% x 75,000) of her salary to CPF. Prepare the tax computations for YA 2021 for both Mr. & Mrs. Teo, claiming maximum reliefs that they each can claim.
年内,张先生就一份人寿保险保单缴付保费4,500元,保付资本总额为100,000元。他向他的保健储蓄账户强制供款 4,400 美元;这是基于 2020 年评估的净贸易收入,金额为 41,905 美元。张先生每月支付60元的外国女佣税,以及女佣每月350元的工资。张女士还向公积金缴纳了15,000美元(20%×75,000)的工资。为Teo先生和夫人准备2021年度的税收计算,要求他们每个人都可以申请的最大减免。
3: Computation of Individual Taxation
3:个人税收的计算
Mr. Thomas Lee and his wife, Jessie are both Singapore citizens. Thomas is 34 years old and Jessie is 31 years old in the year 2020. They both work for Super Engineering (S) Ltd. Thomas is the company’s Chief Engineer and Jessie is the Accounts Manager.
Thomas Lee先生和他的妻子Jessie都是新加坡公民。2020 年,Thomas 今年 34 岁,Jessie 今年 31 岁。他们都在Super Engineering (S) Ltd.工作,Thomas是公司的总工程师,Jessie是客户经理。
The following are the details of their income for the year ended 31 December 2020:
以下是截至2020年12月31日止年度的收入详情:
Thomas Jessie
托马斯·杰西
Salary $87,000 $60,000
薪水 $87,000 $60,000
Contractual bonus 35,000 20,000
合同奖金 35,000 20,000
Net rental income 8,530 -
净租金收入 8,530 -
Interest income – UOB Ltd * 115 -
利息收入 – UOB Ltd * 115 -
- Citibank * - 90
- 花旗银行 * - 90
(* Both are approved banks in Singapore)
(* 两者都是新加坡的认可银行)
Additional information
其他信息:
1. Thomas and Jessie have 2 children, who are Singapore citizens. Details as follows:
1. Thomas 和 Jessie 有 2 个孩子,他们是新加坡公民。详情如下:
Name of child Date of birth
孩子姓名 出生日期
Jerald 12 Sep 2012
杰拉尔德 2012年9月12日
Jessica 4 Oct 2020
杰西卡 2020年10月4日
Jessie’s parents are both staying with them since Jerald’s birth to help look after the children. Her father is a 60-year old retired teacher and her mother is a 58-year old housewife. Her father has interest income of $800 for the year 2020 and her mother has no income of her own. Jessie is their only child.
杰西的父母自杰拉尔德出生以来一直和他们住在一起,以帮助照顾孩子。她的父亲是一位60岁的退休教师,母亲是一位58岁的家庭主妇。她的父亲在 2020 年的利息收入为 800 美元,而她的母亲没有自己的收入。杰西是他们唯一的孩子。
On 1 Sep 2020, Thomas employed an Indonesian maid to do the household chores. The total foreign maid levy paid for the 4-month period of 2020 was $240. Thomas also paid her maid salary of $600 per month.
2020年9月1日,托马斯雇用了一名印尼女佣做家务。2020 年 4 个月期间支付的外国女佣税总额为 240 美元。托马斯还每月支付给她600美元的女佣工资。
During the year 2020, Thomas went to the Philippines for two weeks of reservist in-camp training. He was also a key appointment holder in the year 2020.
2020年,托马斯前往菲律宾进行了为期两周的预备役营地训练。他也是 2020 年的关键任命持有人。
Both Thomas and Jessie and their employers contributed CPF according to the statutory requirements in the year 2020.
Thomas和Jessie及其雇主均在2020年根据法定要求缴纳了公积金。
Required
必填
Calculate the tax liabilities for Thomas and Jessie for Y/A 2021. They would like to utilise the maximum reliefs and rebates available to them so as to minimise their total tax liabilities. They have fully utilized the parenthood tax rebate for their first child. You are required to indicate in your answer any income that are not taxable or exempt and any reliefs or expenses that are not deductible.
计算 Thomas 和 Jessie 在 2021 年全年的纳税义务。他们希望利用他们可获得的最大减免和退税,以尽量减少他们的总税务责任。他们充分利用了第一个孩子的育儿退税。您需要在回答中注明任何不征税或免税的收入以及任何不可扣除的减免或费用。
TOPIC 5: TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME
议题5:营业收入的征税
Income from a trade, business, profession or vocation is chargeable to tax under Section 10(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act.
根据《所得税法》第10(1)(a)条,来自贸易、商业、专业或职业的收入应纳税。
Business
商
A business transaction usually consists of a purchase and a sale. Its meaning is very similar to that of trade though it can be said that the conduct of business is wider than that of trade. In our context, we will not make a distinction between the terms trade and business.
商业交易通常包括购买和销售。它的含义与贸易的含义非常相似,尽管可以说商业行为比贸易行为更广泛。在我们的上下文中,我们不会区分贸易和商业这两个术语。
Profession
职业
A profession is an occupation requiring intellectual skill of the practitioner and normally requires a qualification obtained through examination, e.g. accountants, lawyers, architects and doctors.
专业是需要从业人员具备智力技能的职业,通常需要通过考试获得的资格,例如会计师、律师、建筑师和医生。
Vocation
职业
On the other hand, a vocation is one where a person is specially drawn to (i.e. a calling) or feels he is particularly suited for e.g. teachers, writers. There need not necessarily be formal training.
另一方面,职业是一个人特别被吸引(即召唤)或觉得他特别适合的职业,例如教师、作家。不一定需要正式培训。
The basis of tax computation, whether for trade/business, profession or vocation, is quite similar. Hence, we will focus our discussion on taxation of receipts through a trade or business. A trade or business can be carried out in various forms – sole proprietor, partnership or company.
无论是贸易/商业、专业还是职业,税收计算的基础都非常相似。因此,我们将重点讨论通过贸易或业务对收入征税。贸易或业务可以以各种形式进行——独资经营者、合伙企业或公司。
SOLE PROPRIETOR VS PARTNERSHIP VS COMPANY
独资经营者 VS 合伙企业 VS 公司
Who is a Sole Proprietor?
谁是独资经营者?
A sole proprietor is an unincorporated individual whose income is obtained from self-employment. An example would be an accountant who has set up his own accounting practice to provide accounting/auditing services to his clients. Other examples include taxi driver, tuition teacher, commission agent, freelancer (deejay, singer, cook) or owner of a hawker business.
独资经营者是指收入来自自营职业的非法人个人。例如,一位会计师建立了自己的会计事务所,为客户提供会计/审计服务。其他例子包括出租车司机、补习老师、佣金代理人、自由职业者(deejay、歌手、厨师)或小贩企业主。
A sole proprietor has no legal status and the business profits will be assessed directly on the owner of the business i.e. the sole proprietor himself. A sole proprietor is also personally liable to his creditors.
独资经营者没有法律地位,业务利润将直接由业务所有者(即独资经营者本人)评估。独资经营者也对其债权人负有个人责任。
Partnerships
伙伴 关系
Like a sole proprietor, a partnership is not a separate legal entity and thus is not a separate taxable entity. The taxable profit from the partnership business is assessed on each partner based on their share of the taxable profits. The share of profits amongst the partners is dictated by the profit sharing ratio as agreed upon and enshrined in the partnership agreement. The respective partners (may be individuals or companies) will need to report their respective share of profits from the partnership in their own respective tax returns.
与独资经营者一样,合伙企业不是一个独立的法人实体,因此不是一个单独的应税实体。合伙企业的应税利润根据每个合伙人在应税利润中的份额进行评估。合伙人之间的利润份额由合伙协议中约定的利润分享比例决定。各自的合伙人(可以是个人或公司)需要在各自的纳税申报表中报告各自的合伙企业利润份额。
Companies
公司
Companies are separate legal entities from their shareholders (owners) and must file separate tax returns (from their shareholder owners) for their corporate activities.
公司是独立于其股东(所有者)的法人实体,必须为其公司活动提交单独的纳税申报表(来自其股东所有者)。
For our purposes, we will focus on the taxation of business receipts derived through sole proprietorships and companies.
出于我们的目的,我们将重点关注通过独资企业和公司产生的商业收入的税收。
5.1 SCOPE OF TAX
5.1 征税范围
Whether business profits are derived through sole traders or companies, the basis of taxation is the same. Only business receipts that are income in nature will be taxable as Singapore does not impose capital gains tax. Further, only income that is accrued in or derived from Singapore is taxable.
无论企业利润是通过个体经营者还是公司获得,税收基础都是一样的。由于新加坡不征收资本利得税,因此只有具有收入性质的商业收入才应纳税。此外,只有在新加坡产生或从新加坡获得的收入才应纳税。
Where the income is derived from outside Singapore (generally termed foreign sourced income), the income will not be taxable in Singapore until the foreign sourced income is received in Singapore.
如果收入来自新加坡境外(通常称为外国来源收入),则在新加坡收到外国来源的收入之前,该收入无需在新加坡纳税。
Below are some differences in the basis of taxation of business income in individuals as opposed to companies
以下是个人与公司对营业收入征税基础的一些差异
Individuals enjoy tax exemption on all foreign sourced income received in. However, for companies, the tax exemption of foreign sourced income is restrictive and subject to various conditions. This will be covered in greater detail later in the chapter on Taxation of Foreign sourced income.
个人对收到的所有外国来源收入均享有免税。但是,对于公司来说,外国来源收入的免税是限制性的,并受到各种条件的约束。这将在后面关于外国收入征税的一章中更详细地介绍。
Whilst resident individuals are given personal reliefs like earned income relief, spouse relief, etc, there are no such reliefs given to companies. Instead, companies get part of their chargeable income exempted from tax under the partial or start-up tax exemption schemes.
虽然居民个人可以享受个人减免,如劳动收入减免、配偶减免等,但公司却没有这样的减免。取而代之的是,根据部分或初创免税计划,公司可以免税部分应课税收入。
The rate of tax applicable to resident and non-resident companies is the same – 17% currently whereas for individuals, different rates of tax are given to resident and non-resident individuals. For resident individuals, their tax rates are based on a scale of rates provided under Part A of the Second Schedule.
适用于居民和非居民公司的税率相同——目前为 17%,而对于个人,居民和非居民个人的税率不同。就居民而言,其税率是根据附表2A部提供的税率表计算的。
5.2 TAX RESIDENCE OF COMPANIES
5.2 公司的税务居民身份
Although resident and non-resident companies are taxed at the same rate of corporate tax, it is still important to distinguish between resident and non-resident companies. This is because the tax implications of certain income and claims for certain deductions are different for resident and non-resident companies.
尽管居民和非居民公司的税率相同,但区分居民公司和非居民公司仍然很重要。这是因为对于居民和非居民公司来说,某些收入和某些扣除额的申请的税收影响是不同的。
The tax residence of a company is determined by the place where the control and management of the company’s business is exercised. Thus, if a company’s business is controlled and managed from Singapore, that company will be treated as tax resident in Singapore. The Income Tax Act is silent on what it means by “control and management” but generally it is accepted that control and management of a company is vested in its board of directors and therefore where the board predominantly meets will be the place of control and management of the company. It should be noted that the place of incorporation or registration does not affect the place of residence of the company. A foreign incorporated company may be resident in Singapore if the board of directors held their meetings in Singapore. Likewise, a Singapore incorporated company may not necessarily be tax resident in Singapore.
公司的税务居住地由对公司业务进行控制和管理的地点决定。因此,如果一家公司的业务由新加坡控制和管理,则该公司将被视为新加坡的税务居民。《所得税法》没有说明“控制和管理”的含义,但一般认为,公司的控制和管理属于其董事会,因此董事会主要开会的地方将是公司的控制和管理地点。需要注意的是,公司注册地不影响公司的居住地。如果董事会在新加坡举行会议,则外国注册公司可以居住在新加坡。同样,在新加坡注册成立的公司不一定是新加坡的税务居民。
5.3 BASIS PERIOD
5.3 基期
For income assessable under Sections 10(1)(a), the basis period for any Y/A is income earned or derived from and in the case of foreign sourced income, received in the preceding accounting year. A business can also derive investment income like interest and dividend when they invest their spare funds in deposit placements and shares. Investment income derived through a trade, business, profession or vocation, whether conducted through a company or an unincorporated entity will also be assessed on the preceding accounting year basis. For individuals, where the investments are made out of personal assets of the partners or sole-proprietors, the investment income will be assessed on the preceding calendar year basis.
对于根据第10(1)(a)条应评税的收入,任何Y/A的基准期是在前一个会计年度收到的从外国来源收入中获得或衍生的收入。当企业将闲置资金投资于存款和股票时,他们还可以获得利息和股息等投资收入。通过贸易、业务、专业或职业获得的投资收入,无论是通过公司还是非法人实体进行的,也将在上一个会计年度的基础上进行评估。对于个人而言,如果投资是由合伙人或独资经营者的个人资产进行的,则投资收益将按上一日历年进行评估。
5.4 SOURCE OF BUSINESS RECEIPTS
5.4 营业收入来源
The conduct of business involves many functions ranging from marketing, selling, logistics, procurement, finance to general management. Obviously the more of such functions that are conducted out of Singapore, the more it will secure the source of business income to be from Singapore. However, under Section 12 of the Income Tax Act, certain income will be deemed sourced in Singapore simply because the payer is a Singapore company and the payment made will be claimed for deduction against Singapore sourced income. This will be covered under the chapter “Taxation of Non-Residents”.
业务涉及许多职能,从营销、销售、物流、采购、财务到综合管理。显然,在新加坡境外开展的此类职能越多,就越能确保来自新加坡的业务收入来源。但是,根据《所得税法》第 12 条,某些收入将被视为来自新加坡,因为付款人是一家新加坡公司,并且所支付的款项将被要求从新加坡来源的收入中扣除。这将在“非居民税收”一章中介绍。
5.5 TAX RATE FOR COMPANIES
5.5 公司税率
The current rate applicable to companies is 17%. This rate is to be applied to the chargeable income after deduction of exempt income under the following schemes.
目前适用于公司的税率为17%。此税率适用于以下计划扣除免税入息后的应课税入息。
5.6 CORPORATE TAX EXEMPTION SCHEME
5.6 企业免税计划
Companies can enjoy the partial tax exemption and tax exemption for new start-up companies.
公司可以享受部分免税和新成立公司的免税。
Start-Up Tax Exemption Scheme
初创税豁免计划
This tax exemption scheme is targeted towards newly incorporated companies in the bid to encourage entrepreneurship in Singapore. Tax exemption is given on the first $200,000 of chargeable income as follows:
这项免税计划针对新成立的公司,以鼓励在新加坡创业。首200,000元的应课税入息可获豁免,具体如下:
75% tax exemption on chargeable income up to the first $100,000 of such income; and
对应课税收入免征 75% 的税款,最高可达此类收入的前 100,000 美元;和
50% tax exemption on chargeable income up to the next $100,000 of such income.
对应课税收入免征 50% 的税款,直至下 100,000 美元。
Tax exemption under the start-up tax exemption scheme is only applicable to the first 3 consecutive Years of Assessment of the new company. Further, the following conditions must be satisfied to qualify for the scheme:
开办免税计划下的免税只适用于新公司首连续3个课税年度。此外,必须满足以下条件才有资格参加该计划:
The company is incorporated in Singapore;
该公司在新加坡注册成立;
The company is a tax resident of Singapore for that year of assessment; and
该公司是该课税年度的新加坡税务居民;和
The company has total share capital which is beneficially held, directly or indirectly, by no more than 20 persons-
该公司的总股本由不超过20人直接或间接实益持有
all of whom are individuals or
他们都是个人或
of which at least one is an individual shareholder holding at least 10% of the total number of issued ordinary shares,
其中至少一人为个人股东,持有至少10%的已发行普通股总数,
throughout the basis period relating to that YA of claim.
在与该索赔年度相关的整个基期内。
The maximum amount of chargeable income that can be exempted from tax under this scheme is $125,000.
根据此计划,可豁免缴税的应课税入息上限为125,000元。
The start-up exemption scheme will not be extended to investment holding companies and companies engaged in property development activities that are incorporated after 25 February 2013.
2013年2月25日之后注册成立的投资控股公司及从事物业发展活动的公司不会扩展开办豁免计划。
All other companies, including newly incorporated companies that do not satisfy the above conditions can enjoy tax exemption under the partial tax exemption scheme instead.
所有其他公司,包括不符合上述条件的新成立公司,均可享受部分免税计划下的免税待遇。
PARTIAL TAX EXEMPTION
部分免税
All resident and non-resident companies are entitled to tax exemption under the partial tax exemption scheme as follows:
所有居民和非居民公司均有权根据以下部分免税计划获得免税:
75% tax exemption on chargeable income up to the first $10,000 of such income; and
对应课税收入免征 75% 的税款,最高可达此类收入的前 10,000 美元;和
50% tax exemption on chargeable income up to the next $190,000 of such income.
对应课税收入免征 50% 的税款,直至下一个 190,000 美元的此类收入。
The maximum amount of chargeable income that can be exempted from tax under this scheme is $102,500 ($7,500 + $95,000).
根据该计划,可免税的最高应课税收入为 102,500 美元(7,500 美元 + 95,000 美元)。
5.7 TAX REBATE
5.7 退税
For Y/A 2013 to 2015, Similar to the Personal Tax Rebate, Corporate tax rebate is a discount on companies’ tax bills. For the Y/A 2020, all companies were given a 25% corporate tax rebate, capped at $15,000. There has been no corporate tax rebate given for YA 2021 and thereafter.
对于2013年至2015年的Y/A,与个人退税类似,公司退税是对公司税单的折扣。在 2020 年全年,所有公司都获得了 25% 的公司退税,上限为 15,000 美元。2021 年及以后没有给予公司退税。
5.8 Tutorial Questions
5.8 教程问题
Given the following list of receipts by a manufacturing business, identify which is revenue or capital receipt. Where it relates to revenue, also identify if it is a trade or non-trade source
给定以下制造企业的收据列表,确定哪个是收入或资本收据。如果与收入有关,还要确定它是贸易来源还是非贸易来源
Description: | Revenue or capital receipt? | Trade / Non-trade source |
Rental income from investment property | ||
Profit derived from sale of office equipment | ||
Sales of inventories / finished goods | ||
Fixed deposit interest income | ||
Sale of scrap materials | ||
Profit from sale of investment property |
Describe the nature of following receipts by a property developer
描述房地产开发商以下收据的性质
Description: | Revenue or capital receipt? | Trade / Non-trade source |
i) Sales of developed property | ||
ii) Rental income from unsold units |
In arriving at the net profit of $168,000 for financial year 2020, Stilton Pte Ltd, a wholesaler of English cheese, has the following receipts in addition to sale of cheese of $500,000
在2020财政年度实现168,000澳元的净利润时,英国奶酪批发商Stilton Pte Ltd除了销售500,000澳元的奶酪外,还有以下收入
Interest income from OCBC $5,000
华侨银行的利息收入 $5,000
Dividend income from Fromage Pte Ltd $3,000
Fromage Pte Ltd 的股息收入 $3,000
(one-tier dividend)
(单层红利)
Rental of investment property $20,000
投资物业租金 $20,000
Profit from sale of shares in Fromage $15,000
出售 Fromage 股份的利润 $15,000
Compensation from supplier for late delivery $4,000
供应商延迟交货赔偿 $4,000
Assume all expenses are fully deductible
假设所有费用均可全额扣除
Determine the statutory income of Stilton Pte Ltd
确定Stilton Pte Ltd的法定收入
b) Compute the chargeable income of Stilton Pte Ltd. The company was incorporated in 2017 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Stilton Inc. Stilton did not make any donations to qualifying charitable organizations nor had any losses brought forward from previous years.
b) 计算Stilton Pte Ltd.的应课税收入。该公司于2017年注册成立,是Stilton Inc.的全资子公司,Stilton没有向符合条件的慈善组织进行任何捐赠,也没有结转任何前几年的亏损。
TOPIC 6: BUSINESS DEDUCTIONS
主题 6:业务扣除
Section 14 defines which expenses are deductible for tax purposes while section 15 determines which are not deductible.
第 14 节定义了哪些费用可以抵扣用于税收目的,而第 15 节则确定了哪些费用不可扣除。
Principles of Deductions
演绎原则
The expense must be attributed to income from the specific source
费用必须归因于特定来源的收入
For the expense to be deductible, it must be
要使费用可扣除,它必须是
wholly and exclusively
完全和排他性
incurred during that period
在此期间发生的
in the production of income
在收入的生产中
The expense must not be prohibited under Section 15 as this section overrides all other provisions in the Income Tax Act including Section 14
第 15 条不得禁止该费用,因为该条凌驾于《所得税法》中的所有其他规定之上,包括第 14 条
Outgoings and expenses
支出和支出
The expenditure should be normal, usual or customary in the context of the business carried on. Outgoings includes not just expenses but also losses like exchange loss.
支出应是正常的、通常的或所经营业务的惯常支出。支出不仅包括费用,还包括汇兑损失等损失。
Wholly and exclusively
完全和独家
“Wholly” refers to the quantum of money and “exclusively” refers to the motive behind the expenditure. If there is duality of motive, then the expense cannot be said to be exclusively for the purpose of producing income. It would therefore not qualify for deduction. That is why donations (in any form and to any party) do not qualify for tax deduction. The intent behind the donation is partly if not wholly altruistic in nature. However, by legislation, donations are given deduction, subject to conditions met, in order to build an all-inclusive society.
“完全”是指金钱的数量,“完全”是指支出背后的动机。如果存在双重动机,那么就不能说支出完全是为了产生收入。因此,它不符合扣除条件。这就是为什么捐赠(以任何形式和任何一方)没有资格获得税收减免的原因。捐赠背后的意图在一定程度上是利他主义的,如果不是完全利他的话。但是,根据立法,在满足条件的情况下,可以扣除捐款,以建立一个包容各方的社会。
Incurred during that period
在此期间发生的
“Incurred” refers to money spent and an expense is considered incurred when the liability to pay arises. Thus the liability must be certain and not anticipatory (i.e. contingent on an event taking place). To get a deduction against income for a certain period, the liability to pay must crystallize in that same period. General provisions are therefore not deductible as they are anticipatory in nature. However, when the general provision is utilized, it signals that the liability has crystallized and thus deduction should be given for the amount utilized. For losses to be viewed as incurred, the loss must be realized (crystallized) and is not merely an accounting adjustment.
“已发生”是指所花费的金钱,当支付责任产生时,费用被视为已发生。因此,责任必须是确定的,而不是预期的(即取决于正在发生的事件)。要从一定时期的收入中扣除,支付责任必须在同一时期明确。因此,一般准备金是不可扣除的,因为它们本质上是预期的。但是,当使用一般规定时,它表明负债已经明确,因此应扣除所使用的金额。要使损失被视为已发生,损失必须变现(具体化),而不仅仅是会计调整。
“In the production of income” refers to whether income is produced or not. In other words, will there be income resulting from the expenditure made. If no income is forthcoming, then, strictly, any expenses incurred will not be deductible. For e.g., expenses incurred to appeal against taxes imposed by the CIT are not deductible as the purpose of the outlay was to obtain a reduction in tax liability and not to make a sale. However, as a concession, expenses incurred to lodge an objection against a Notice of Assessment issued by the CIT will be allowed for deduction as it is the taxpayer’s statutory right to lodge an objection if he does not agree with an assessment issued. It is also important to make a distinction between spending money to make a sale as opposed to spending to acquire a source of income for e.g. setting up a new factory or buying over an existing business. Expenses to acquire a source of income are not deductible.
“在收入的产生中”是指收入是否产生。换言之,支出是否会产生收入。如果没有收入,那么严格来说,产生的任何费用都不能扣除。例如,对企业所得税征收的税款提出上诉所产生的费用是不可扣除的,因为支出的目的是减少纳税义务,而不是进行销售。然而,作为一项优惠,纳税人因不同意所发出的评税通知书而提出异议所产生的费用将被允许扣除,因为纳税人在不同意所发出的评税时提出反对意见是纳税人的法定权利。同样重要的是,要区分花钱进行销售与花钱获得收入来源(例如建立新工厂或收购现有业务)之间的区别。获得收入来源的费用不可扣除。
COMMON PROHIBITED EXPENSES
常见违禁费用
Domestic or private expenses
家庭或私人开支
Generally, expenses that are private or personal in nature and which relate to maintaining the taxpayer and his family are not deductible. Examples would include
一般来说,与赡养纳税人及其家人有关的私人或个人费用不可扣除。示例包括
Expenses on private residence or on family members;
私人住宅或家庭成员的费用;
Salaries of domestic servants;
家庭佣人的工资;
Personal drawings of sole proprietors and partners
独资经营者和合伙人的个人图纸
Expenses not wholly and exclusively laid out for the purposes of earning income
并非完全和专门用于赚取收入的支出
Any capital withdrawn or any sum employed or intended to be employed as capital except as provided in Section 14(1)(h) - S15(1)(c)
除第14(1)(h)条至第15(1)(c)条另有规定外,任何提取的资本或已使用或打算用作资本的任何款项
This would cover expenditure that is capital in nature. There is no definition of capital expenditure but some guidelines, based on case law, have evolved to assist in the distinction between transactions that capital or revenue in nature
这将包括资本性质的支出。资本支出没有定义,但一些基于判例法的准则已经发展,以帮助区分资本或收入性质的交易
Acquisition that adds to the profit yielding capital structure
增加利润资本结构的收购
Asset of an enduring nature has been created
具有持久性质的资产已经创造出来
Non-recurring expenditure
非经常性支出
Capital expenses would tend to be usually one off but revenue expenses usually recur more often and sometimes, on a regular basis.
资本支出通常是一次性的,但收入支出通常会更频繁地重复出现,有时甚至会定期发生。
Expenditure related to fixed or circulating capital
与固定资本或流动资本有关的支出
Fixed Capital is what the owner turns to profit by keeping it in his possession is not deductible while circulating capital such as trading stock is deductible
固定资本是所有者通过持有固定资本来获得利润的东西,不能扣除,而交易股票等流动资本是可以扣除的
In short, capital expenses generally are incurred in creating, acquiring, expanding and improving a source of income or a fixed asset. It can be described as having a “once and for all” nature and bringing into existence “an asset or advantage for the enduring benefit of a trade”. Revenue expenses, on the other hand, are usually recurring and are incurred in operating, maintaining and preserving the source of income.
简而言之,资本支出通常是在创造、获取、扩大和改善收入来源或固定资产时产生的。它可以被描述为具有“一劳永逸”的性质,并带来“一种资产或优势,以实现贸易的持久利益”。另一方面,收入支出通常是经常性的,并且是在运营、维护和保存收入来源时发生的。
Capital expenses | Revenue expense |
Acquisition and installation costs of fixed assets | Repairs to fixed assets |
Entrance fees for club membership | Monthly/annual subscription fees for club membership |
Legal fees in respect of new tenancy agreement | Legal fees in respect of renewal of existing tenancy agreement |
Capital employed in improvements - S15 (1)(d)
用于改进的资本 - 第15(1)(d)条
This relates to expenses that result in greater value added to the original asset e.g., renovation works, overhaul of plant and machinery
这涉及为原始资产带来更大附加值的费用,例如翻新工程、厂房和机器的大修
Sums recoverable under insurance or contract of indemnity - S15(1)(e)
根据保险或弥偿合约可追讨的款项 - 第15(1)(e)条
Generally, losses suffered in a fire at a warehouse is a revenue loss and thus deductible. However, if compensation is available under a fire policy taken out by the business, then the loss to the extent of the compensation amount will not be deductible. Any loss in excess of the compensation sum will be deductible.
一般来说,仓库火灾造成的损失是收入损失,因此可以扣除。但是,如果根据企业购买的火灾保单可以获得赔偿,则赔偿金额范围内的损失将不可扣除。任何超过赔偿金额的损失均可扣除。
Rent or cost of repairs to premises not occupied for income producing purposes - S15(1)(f)
非为创收目的而占用的处所的租金或维修费用 - 第15(1)(f)条
Thus if part of premises is occupied rent-free by another party, the expenses relating to the area occupied rent-free will not be allowed for deduction. For e.g., in a bid to support his sister’s new online clothing business, Anthony allowed his sister to use part of his office premises to work from as well as to store her clothing stocks. The office rental and maintenance expenses pertaining to the area taken over by his sister’s business is not allowed for deduction against Anthony’s business income.
因此,如果部分处所被另一方免租占用,则与免租占用面积有关的费用将不予扣除。例如,为了支持他妹妹的新在线服装业务,安东尼允许他的妹妹使用他的部分办公场所来工作和储存她的服装库存。与他姐姐的生意所接管的地区有关的办公室租金和维护费用不得从Anthony的业务收入中扣除。
Tax paid or payable on income, whether in Singapore or elsewhere - S15(1)(g)
已缴或应缴入息税款,无论是在新加坡还是其他地方 - 第15(1)(g)条
Motor car expenses - S15(1)(k)
汽车开支 - S15(1)(k)
Essentially any expenses incurred on private motor cars (i.e. S-plated cars) are not deductible even if the expenses were incurred for business purposes. Therefore, reimbursement of parking fees to sales staff who used their cars to travel to meetings with clients are not deductible. This provision however does not apply to expenses incurred on cars which are registered outside Singapore and used exclusively outside Singapore.
基本上,私家汽车(即镀S层汽车)所招致的任何开支,即使该费用是出于商业目的而招致的,亦不可扣除。因此,向使用汽车与客户会面的销售人员报销停车费是不可扣除的。但是,此规定不适用于在新加坡境外注册并仅在新加坡境外使用的汽车所产生的费用。
6.3 DEDUCTIONS ALLOWED
6.3 允许扣除
6.3.1 Interest
6.3.1 利息
Interest expense and any sum payable in lieu of interest or for the reduction of interest are deductible if they are paid on a capital sum that is used to acquire income.
利息支出和任何代替利息或减少利息的应付款项,如果支付的金额是用于获得收入的资本金额,则可以扣除。
Therefore, where the loan is used specifically to purchase plant and machinery which are used in the manufacture process to produce goods for sale, the interest payable on the loan is deductible as the loan is employed for income producing activities.
因此,如果贷款专门用于购买制造过程中用于生产销售商品的厂房和机器,则贷款的应付利息可扣除,因为贷款用于创收活动。
Where the loan is used to finance the acquisition of investment assets and the income from which is taxed separately under Section10(1) (d) or (f), the deductible interest expense must be set-off directly against the related investment income.
如果贷款用于为收购投资资产提供资金,并且根据第10(1)(d)或(f)条单独征税的收入,则可扣除的利息支出必须直接从相关投资收入中抵销。
6.3.2 Repairs & Renewals
6.3.2 维修和更新
Repair is restoring an asset to its original condition and thus deductible. Therefore, repair of plant and machinery, fixtures, premises employed in acquiring income is deductible. However, any improvement element will be capital expense and not deductible.
维修是将资产恢复到其原始状态,因此可以扣除。因此,用于获取收入的厂房和机械、固定装置、房屋的维修是可以扣除的。但是,任何改进元素都将是资本支出,不可扣除。
Renewal involves replacement of a major part or the entire asset. Generally, no deduction is allowed for the cost of renewal of assets on which wear & tear allowances (tax depreciation) are claimed. Thus, where no wear and tear allowances can be claimed on fixed assets as when a trade or business is not conducted, for e.g. rental income that is assessed under Section 10(1)(f) instead of Section 10(1)(a), the replacement costs of furniture and equipment used in the rental property can be claimed for deduction. In addition, for trade or businesses, renewal costs for assets with short economic life such as loose tools (e.g. screw drivers, hammers etc.) are deductible on the replacement basis.
续约涉及更换主要部分或全部资产。一般来说,对于要求磨损津贴(税收折旧)的资产的更新成本,不允许扣除。因此,如果不能就固定资产申索磨损津贴,例如根据第10(1)(f)条而非第10(1)(a)条评定的租金收入,则出租物业中使用的家具和设备的重置成本可以要求扣除。此外,对于贸易或企业,经济寿命较短的资产(如松动工具(如螺丝刀、锤子等)的更新费用可在更换基础上扣除。
6.3.3 Bad & doubtful debts
6.3.3 坏账和呆账
For bad or doubtful debt to qualify for deduction, the following conditions must be satisfied:
坏账或呆账要符合扣除条件,必须满足以下条件:
The bad or doubtful debt must be trade debt in respect of Section 10(1)(a) source. The debt must have arisen out of a trade, business, profession or vocation.
坏账或呆账必须是第10(1)(a)条来源的贸易债务。债务必须源于贸易、业务、专业或职业。
The bad or doubtful debt must have been recognized as income of the claimant. The debt must have been included as a trading receipt.
坏账或呆账必须被确认为索赔人的收入。债务必须已作为交易收据包括在内。
The debt must be bad or proven to the CIT’s satisfaction to be irrecoverable in the basis period. Thus, specific provision or write off of specific debts would generally be deductible but general provisions would not
债务必须是坏账或证明 CIT 满意的债务在基期内无法收回。因此,特定债务的具体准备金或注销一般可以扣除,但一般准备金则不能
6.3.4 Employers’ contributions to approved pension or provident fund
6.3.4 雇主对核准退休金或公积金的供款
To qualify for deduction, the contributions must be
要获得扣除资格,供款必须是
to an approved fund (e.g., Central Provident Fund) or an overseas pension fund;
核准基金(例如中央公积金)或海外退休基金;
the contributions are obligatory under the terms of the employment contract or any provision in the rules or constitution of the fund; and
根据雇佣合同的条款或基金规则或章程的任何规定,缴款是强制性的;和
in respect of employees engaged in activities relating to the production of income of the employer
就从事与雇主产生收入有关的活动的雇员而言
In respect of contributions to the CPF, the amount deductible is limited to the amount of statutory contributions. For instance, with effect from 1 January 2016, the compulsory CPF contribution by employers for employees 55 years old and below is 17% of monthly wages up to the ordinary wages ceiling of $6,000.
就公积金供款而言,可扣除的金额仅限于法定供款的金额。例如,由2016年1月1日起,雇主对55岁及以下雇员的强制性公积金供款为月工资的17%,最高可达6,000元的正常工资上限。
6.3.5 Medisave contribution to employee Medisave account
6.3.5 向员工保健储蓄账户供款
Medisave contribution in lieu of hospitalization benefits made to the CPF account of an employee is allowed to be deducted up to an annual limit of $2,730 (from 2018 onwards) per employee.
保健储蓄供款代替支付给雇员公积金账户的住院福利,每名员工每年最多可扣除 2,730 美元(从 2018 年起)。
6.3.6 Payments to employees who are immediate family or related parties
6.3.6 支付给直系亲属或相关方的员工
Generally, salaries and any payments made to employees in relation to employment services provided are deductible. However, where the employee is a member of the immediate family or of close relations, the amount deductible is only to the extent to which the CIT is of the opinion that the remuneration is reasonable having regard to the services performed by that employee / family member.
一般来说,薪金和支付给雇员的与所提供的就业服务有关的任何款项都是可以扣除的。但是,如果雇员是直系亲属或近亲的成员,则可扣除的金额仅在企业所得税局考虑到该雇员/家庭成员提供的服务后认为报酬是合理的范围内。
6.3.7 Motor vehicle expenses
6.3.7 机动车费用
Following is a summary of the deductibility of the various types of motor vehicle expenses:
以下是各类机动车费用的可扣除性摘要:
Types of Motor vehicle | Tax Treatment on Expenses Incurred |
Commercial vehicles (lorry, van, truck) | Expenses fully deductible where incurred for business purposes. |
Motorcycles, taxi, public transport (bus, MRT) | Expenses fully deductible where incurred for business purposes. It includes hire of private motor cars using ride-hailing apps like Go-Jek and Grab. |
S-Plate Cars (private cars) | No Deduction under Section 15 even if the expenses are incurred for business purpose. |
6.3.8 Medical Expenses
6.3.8 医疗费用
The amount deductibility is capped at 2% of total employees’ remuneration for the basis period provided the employer has:
如果雇主符合以下条件,则扣除金额上限为基准期雇员薪酬总额的 2%:
Made contributions to the Medisave Account of at least 20% of its employees (subject to a cap of $2,730 per employee per year) during the basis period; or
在基准期内,向至少20%的员工向保健储蓄账户供款(每位员工每年的上限为2,730美元);或
Implemented the Portable Medical Benefits Scheme (PMBS) or Transferable Medical Insurance Scheme (TMIS); or
推行流动医疗保障计划(PMBS)或可转让医疗保险计划(TMIS);或
Provided its employees with inpatient medical insurance benefits in the form of portable medical shield plans.
以便携式医疗保障计划的形式为员工提供住院医疗保险福利。
Employers who do not implement any of the above, will only be allowed to deduct up to 1% of total employees’ remuneration for medical expenses.
不执行上述任何一项的雇主,最多只能扣除雇员总薪酬的 1% 作为医疗费用。
6.3.9 Entertainment
6.3.9 娱乐
So far as entertainment expenses are incurred in the normal course of business (i.e. with a business perspective) and in the production of income, they are deductible. Entertainment expenses are not deductible if they are of a social or reciprocal or general nature i.e. the business element is only incidental rather than the predominant purpose.
只要招待费是在正常业务过程中(即从业务角度来看)和在产生收入时发生的,则可以扣除。如果招待费是社会性的、互惠的或一般性质的,即商业因素只是附带的,而不是主要目的,则不能扣除。
6.3.10 Fines & penalties
6.3.10 罚款和处罚
These are incurred in respect of a breach of the law and so, not deductible because it is meant to inflict on the offender a deterrent. Examples are traffic fines incurred by employees while carrying out their duties.
这些都是因违反法律而产生的,因此不可扣除,因为它旨在对违法者施加威慑。例如,员工在履行职责时遭受的交通罚款。
6.3.11 Legal Fees
6.3.11 法律费用
They are deductible where incurred in the course of normal business for preservation of title of assets (e.g., Legal fees for recovery trade debts). They are non-deductible where incurred for acquisition of capital assets or defence against breaches of law (e.g., Legal fees for drafting new loan agreement, new leases or licenses; legal fees for income tax appeals).
在正常业务过程中为维护资产所有权而发生的费用(例如,收回贸易债务的法律费用)可扣除。如果因收购资本资产或对违法行为进行抗辩而产生(例如,起草新贷款协议、新租约或许可证的法律费用;所得税上诉的法律费用),则不可扣除。
6.3.12 Accounting Depreciation
6.3.12 会计折旧
The amounts computed for depreciation of fixed assets, charged to the Profit & Loss account are not deductible as depreciation represents the write-off of the cost of fixed assets which are capital in nature.
计入损益账户的固定资产折旧计算的金额不可扣除,因为折旧代表了资本性质的固定资产成本的冲销。
6.3.13 Subscription & Entrance Fees
6.3.13 订阅费和入场费
Subscription fees to trade association and professional bodies and journals are deductible to the extent that they related to producing income. Entrance fees are capital in nature (i.e. acquisition of an asset) and thus, NOT tax deductible.
行业协会、专业团体和期刊的订阅费在与创收有关的范围内可以扣除。入场费本质上是资本(即收购资产),因此不可免税。
6.3.14 Losses through theft etc.
6.3.14 盗窃等造成的损失
If the theft is committed by the employee, the loss incurred is deductible since the risk is inherent in the normal course of delegation of duties. If the theft is committed by a person in full control of the business e.g. proprietor, partners or directors then the loss is non-deductible. The amount of losses deductible will be reduced by any amount recovered under an insurance contract of indemnity. For example, stocks were stolen by an employee amounting to $10,000 but the amount of insurance recovered for this theft was $8,000, hence the amount deductible is only $2,000.
如果盗窃是由雇员实施的,则所遭受的损失是可以扣除的,因为风险是正常职责委派过程中固有的。如果盗窃是由完全控制企业的人实施的,例如东主、合伙人或董事,则损失不可扣除。可免赔额的损失金额将减去根据赔偿保险合同追回的任何金额。例如,一名雇员偷走了价值 10,000 美元的股票,但因这次盗窃而追回的保险金额为 8,000 美元,因此免赔额仅为 2,000 美元。
6.3.15 Exchange Differences
6.3.15 交换差异
Exchange losses arising from revenue accounts are deductible. Conversely, exchange gain is taxable if revenue in nature. “Revenue in nature” / “revenue accounts” includes those in respect of purchases / sale of stock and settlement / collection of trade debts. Exchange differences arising from capital transactions (e.g. purchase of fixed assets or long-term investments) will not be deductible nor taxable.
收入账户产生的汇兑损失是可以扣除的。相反,如果收入性质,则交换收益应纳税。「收入」/「收入帐目」包括有关购买/出售股票及结算/收取贸易债务的帐目。资本交易(例如购买固定资产或长期投资)产生的汇兑差额将不可扣除或征税。
6.4 SPECIAL DEDUCTIONS
6.4 特别扣除
Certain expenditures are granted special deductions to encourage investments and growth in certain desirable economic activities. For example, expenditures that are not deductible under s14 may qualify for special deductions (e.g. Renovation and refurbishment costs, expenditure on building modification for the disabled, etc.)
某些支出可给予特别扣除,以鼓励对某些理想经济活动的投资和增长。例如,根据第14条不可扣除的支出可能有资格获得特别扣除(例如翻新和翻新费用,为残疾人改建建筑物的支出等)
S14Q –RENOVATION AND REFURBISHMENT (“R & R”) EXPENDITURE
S14Q – 翻新和翻新(“R&R”)支出
Under general deduction rules, capital expenditure incurred on renovation works is not deductible unless the works constitute repairs or replacements with no element of improvement.
根据一般扣除规则,翻新工程的资本开支不得扣除,除非该工程构成没有改善元素的维修或更换。
However, with effect from 16 February 2008, a person carrying on a trade, profession, business may claim deduction for expenditure incurred on any renovations or refurbishment.
然而,由2008年2月16日起,从事某一行业、专业、业务的人可就任何装修或翻新所招致的开支申请扣除。
The amount allowable is restricted to a maximum claim of $300,000 for every relevant 3-year period, starting from the year in which the renovation costs were incurred. The Section 14N (previously Section 14Q) deduction must be claimed by the company over three consecutive YAs starting from the year in which the R&R expenditure is incurred.
从发生装修费用的那一年开始,每3年期间的最高索赔额为300,000美元。第 14N 条(原第 14Q 条)扣除必须由公司从发生 R&R 支出的那一年开始连续三个年度申请。
For qualifying R&R expenditure incurred during the basis period for Y/A 2021, Y/A 2022 and Y/A 2024, businesses can opt to claim Section 14N compliant expenses in one year instead of over three years. The option is irrevocable and is given to encourage businesses to refit their business premises as well as to provide cash flow relief.
对于在 2021 年、2022 年和 2024 年基准期内发生的符合条件的 R&R 支出,企业可以选择在一年内而不是三年内申请符合第 14N 条规定的费用。该选择权是不可撤销的,旨在鼓励企业翻新其营业场所并提供现金流缓解。
It should be noted that R & R costs will qualify for deduction so long as the renovation works do not involve structural changes for which prior approval from the Commissioner of Building Control is required and is extended to the following costs:
需要注意的是,只要翻新工程不涉及需要事先获得建筑管制署署长批准的结构性改动,并扩展到以下费用,就有资格扣除R&R成本:
General electrical installation and wiring to supply electricity
一般电气安装及供电配线
General lighting
一般照明
Hot/cold water system (pipes, water tanks, etc.)
冷热水系统(管道、水箱等)
Gas systems
气体系统
Kitchen fittings (sinks, pipes, etc.)
厨房配件(水槽、管道等)
Sanitary fittings (toilet bowls, urinals, plumbing, toilet cubicles, vanity tops, wash basins, etc.)
卫生配件(马桶、小便池、管道、马桶隔间、梳妆台、洗脸盆等)
Doors, gates and roller shutters (manual or automated)
门、闸门和卷帘(手动或自动)
Fixed partitions (glass or otherwise)
固定隔板(玻璃或其他)
Wall coverings (such as paint, wallpaper, etc.)
墙面材料(如油漆、墙纸等)
Floorings (marble, tiles, laminates, parquets, etc.)
地板(大理石、瓷砖、层压板、镶木地板等)
False ceilings and cornices
假天花板和飞檐
Ornamental features or decorations that are not fine art (mirrors, drawings, pictures, decorative columns, etc.)
非美术品的装饰特征或装饰品(镜子、图画、图片、装饰柱等)
Canopies or awnings (retractable or otherwise)
檐篷或遮阳篷(可伸缩或其他)
Windows including grills
窗户,包括烤架
Fitting rooms in retail outlets
零售店的试衣间
hacking work on premises;
在场所进行黑客攻击工作;
water meter installed to enable renovation works;
安装水表以进行翻新工程;
hoarding works; and
囤积工程;和
insurance for renovation works qualifying for Section 14N deduction.
符合第 14N 节扣除条件的装修工程保险。
But qualifying renovation and refurbishment expenses deductible under Section 14N will exclude the following:
但是,根据第 14N 条可扣除的合格翻新和翻新费用将不包括以下内容:
any designer fees or professional fees;
任何设计师费或专业费;
any antique;
任何古董;
any type of fine art including painting, drawing, print, calligraphy, mosaic, sculpture, pottery or art installation or
任何类型的美术,包括绘画、素描、版画、书法、马赛克、雕塑、陶器或艺术装置,或
any works carried out to a place of residence provided to or to be provided to employees.
在提供给或将提供给雇员的居住地进行的任何工程。
6.5 DONATIONS
6.5 捐款
Donations are not incurred in the production of income and thus, are not deductible.
捐款不是在产生收入时发生的,因此不可扣除。
However, approved donations, are granted deductions at 2.5 times (up 31 December 2023) to encourage Singaporeans to give back to the community and to provide strong support for the charity sector.
然而,获批的捐款可扣除2.5倍(2023年12月31日),以鼓励新加坡人回馈社会,并为慈善事业提供大力支持。
The following donations are deductible:
以下捐款可扣除:
Cash donations made to an approved Institution of a Public Character (IPC) or the Singapore Government for causes that benefit the local community
向经批准的公共机构 (IPC) 或新加坡政府捐赠现金,用于造福当地社区的事业
Gifts of public shares listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX) or of units in unit trusts traded in Singapore to approved IPCs are tax deductible. This donation scheme applies to individual donors only.
在新加坡交易所 (SGX) 上市的公众股票或在新加坡交易的单位信托基金单位赠送给经批准的 IPC 可免税。此捐赠计划只适用于个人捐赠者。
Gifts to museums provided that the museum has obtained the Approved Museum Status with the National Heritage Board (NHB) and the artefact has to be deemed worthy of collection by NHB.
赠送给博物馆的前提是博物馆已获得国家遗产委员会 (NHB) 的认可博物馆地位,并且该文物必须被 NHB 认为值得收藏。
Donations of sculptures or works of art for public display to the National Heritage Board (NHB) or any of its approved recipients
向国家遗产委员会 (NHB) 或其任何经批准的接受者捐赠用于公开展示的雕塑或艺术品
Gifts of land or buildings to approved IPCs
向经批准的IPC赠送土地或建筑物
6.6 Tutorial Questions
6.6 教程问题
State the nature of following expenses/loss by a property developer
说明房地产开发商的以下费用/损失的性质
Description: | Revenue or capital receipt? |
i) Loss on sale of showflat | |
ii) Rental loss from unsold units | |
iii) Cost of lifts, air con, electrical installations, kitchen fittings, etc |
State the tax treatment (deductible or not deductible) of the following list of expenses/loss incurred by a manufacturer of computer parts.
说明计算机部件制造商发生的以下费用/损失清单的税务处理(可扣除或不可扣除)。
Description: | Deductible or not? |
Exchange loss on purchase of steel parts, bolts and casing from China supplier moulding machine from Japan | |
Loss derived from sale of office equipment | |
Legal fees for tenancy agreements New tenancy Renewal of existing tenancy | |
Legal fees for settling disputes with customers/suppliers | |
Compensation for late delivery of goods | |
Interest on loan to purchase Delivery vans Motor car for GM’s use on company’s business | |
Renovation of office | |
Office pantry expenses | |
X’mas party for staff | |
Chinese New Year ang pow for staff | |
Medical expenses |
3. ABC Pte Ltd is in the business of manufacturing widgets. For the year ended 30 June 2020, ABC Pte Ltd recorded a net profit before tax of $2,500,000 after taking into consideration the following income and expense items:
3. ABC Pte Ltd从事制造小部件的业务。截至2020年6月30日止年度,ABC Pte Ltd录得税前净利润2,500,000元,扣除非以下收入及支出项目:
Income Dividend income received from XYZ Ltd, a company tax resident in Singapore | $ 1,800 |
Expenses Depreciation charged for the year | $650,000 |
Staff salaries, bonuses and CPF contributions | $840,000 |
Medical expenses (no portable scheme implemented) | $ 15,200 |
Reimbursement of expenses incurred on salespersons’ private cars for business Taxi claims by staff for overtime work | $ 8,200 $ 4,200 |
Calculate the assessable income for the Year of Assessment 2021
计算2021课税年度的应评税入息
TOPIC 7: CAPITAL ALLOWANCES
议题7:资本津贴
The costs incurred in the acquisition of fixed assets are capital in nature and are not tax deductible. Accounting depreciation is thus not a deductible expense as it represents the write-off of the cost of fixed assets.
购置固定资产所产生的成本属于资本性质,不可抵税。因此,会计折旧不是可扣除的费用,因为它代表了固定资产成本的冲销。
However, in place of accounting depreciation and to provide relief to businesses for their heavy investments in real property, plant and machinery and certain intangible properties, capital allowance is granted. In our course, we will focus on capital allowance claim for qualifying plant & machinery.
但是,为了代替会计折旧,并为企业在不动产、厂房和机械以及某些无形财产方面的大量投资提供救济,给予资本津贴。在我们的课程中,我们将重点关注合格工厂和机器的资本津贴申请。
7.1 PLANT AND MACHINERY
7.1 设备和机械
There is no definition of plant and machinery in the Income Tax Act. Thus, reference has to be made to case law decisions to establish “qualifying plant and machinery” for Capital Allowance purpose.
《所得税法》中没有对工厂和机械的定义。因此,必须参考判例法决定,为资本津贴目的确定“合格的工厂和机器”。
In the case of “Yarmouth v France”, it was held that a horse was a qualifying plant. The Court held that:
在“雅茅斯诉法国”一案中,法院认为马匹是合格的植物。法院认为:
‘plant’ includes “whatever apparatus is used by a businessman for carrying on his business – not his stock-in-trade, which he buys or makes for; but all goods and chattels, fixed or moveable, live or dead, which he keeps for permanent employment in his business”.
“工厂”包括“商人用于经营其业务的任何设备,而不是他购买或制造的贸易库存;但所有货物和动产,无论是固定的还是可移动的,无论是活的还是死的,他都保留这些货物和动产,以便在他的企业中长期工作“。
Hence, three elements must exist for an item to be considered Plant
因此,必须存在三个元素才能将项目视为植物
The asset is used for the purposes of the taxpayer to carry on their business
该资产用于纳税人开展业务的目的
The asset is kept for permanent employment in their business (thus excludes trading stock)
该资产被保留用于其业务的永久雇佣(因此不包括交易股票)
Plant and machinery must have a functional role (it serves as an apparatus for carrying out the business or trade activities) and excludes the place in which the business is carried out from.
工厂和机器必须具有功能作用(它作为开展业务或贸易活动的设备),并且不包括开展业务的地点。
7.2 WHO IS ENTITLED TO CLAIM CAPITAL ALLOWANCE?
7.2 谁有权申请资本免税额?
A taxpayer who
纳税人
Carries on a trade, business, or profession and incurred capital expenditure on the provision of qualifying plant or machinery employed or used in respect of that trade.
从事贸易、业务或专业,并因提供与该贸易有关而雇用或使用的合格工厂或机器而产生的资本支出。
Carries on the business of LETTING out Plant or Machinery
经营出租厂房或机械的业务
The capital expenditure must be incurred in the basis period before capital allowances for that Y/A can be claimed.
资本支出必须在基期内发生,然后才能申请该 Y/A 的资本备抵。
7.3 QUALIFYING CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
7.3 合格资本支出
For machinery, qualifying expenditure includes:
就机械而言,合资格支出包括:
Cost of machinery
机械成本
Delivery & installation of the machinery to its place of use
将机器交付和安装到其使用地点
Where installation of the machinery, requires alteration to building then such cost would also form part of the qualifying cost
如果安装机器需要对建筑物进行改动,则该费用也将构成合格成本的一部分
Cost incurred in respect of re-positioning of machine to another position.
将机器重新定位到另一个位置所产生的成本。
For motor vehicle, qualifying expenditure includes:
就机动车而言,合资格开支包括:
Cost of the motor vehicle
机动车费用
Delivery cost of the motor vehicle
机动车的运费
Cost incurred of fixing number plates
修理车牌的费用
Cost of the Certificate of Entitlement (COE)
权利证书 (COE) 的费用
It should be noted that all private cars (S-plated) and private hire cars (SZ-plated) registered in Singapore do not qualify for capital allowances.
需要注意的是,所有在新加坡注册的私家车(S牌)和私家出租车(SZ牌)均不符合资本津贴的资格。
7.4 MANNER OF CAPITAL ALLOWANCE CLAIM
7.4 资本免税额申请方式
There are essentially two ways to claim capital allowances on plant and machinery
基本上有两种方法可以申请工厂和机器的资本津贴
Normal method under Section 19
第 19 条规定的正常方法
Accelerated method under Section 19A
第19A条规定的加速方法
7.4.1 Section 19
7.4.1 第19节
Under S19, capital allowance is computed as follows:
根据第19条,资本免税额的计算方法如下:
Initial allowance (“IA”) at 20% of qualifying cost of the plant and machinery. This is a one-off allowance given in the basis period during which the expenditure was incurred.
初始津贴(“IA”)为工厂和机器合格成本的20%。这是在发生支出的基期内给予的一次性津贴。
An annual allowance (“AA”) is given on a straight-line basis over its tax useful life.
年度免税额(“AA”)在其税收使用年限内按直线法发放。
Qualifying cost – any Initial Allowance claimed
合格费用 – 任何申请的初始免税额
Useful life per 6th Schedule#
每 6 th 个附表 # 的使用寿命
# The number of years of useful life of assets is prescribed in the 6th Schedule of the Singapore Income Tax Act which is given below.
# 资产的使用年限在《新加坡所得税法》的 6 th 附表中规定,如下所示。
Example 1
示例 1
Annova Ltd purchased a machine costing $100,000 on 25 March 2016 and used it thereafter. The company prepares its accounts to 31 March every year. Compute the amount of capital allowances for Y/A 2017 and Y/A 2018:
Annova Ltd于2016年3月25日购买了一台价值100,000美元的机器,此后一直使用。该公司在每年3月31日之前准备账目。计算 2017 年和 2018 年全年的资本备抵金额:
Y/A 2017
2017年月/亚
Initial Allowances (I.A) = 20% x $100,000 = $20,000
初始免税额 (I.A) = 20% x $100,000 = $20,000
Annual Allowance (A.A) = 80% x $100,000/ 6 years* = $13,333
年度免税额 (A.A) = 80% x $100,000/ 6 年* = $13,333
* As per Sixth Schedule of Singapore Income Tax Act
* 根据新加坡所得税法附表六
Tax written down value (TWDV) = Qualifying cost – Total capital allowances claimed
减记税款价值 (TWDV) = 合格成本 – 申请的资本免税额总额
c/f to Y/A 2018 = Qualifying cost – I.A – A.A
c/f 至 Y/A 2018 = 合格成本 – I.A – A.A
= $100,000 - $20,000 - $13,333
= $66,667
Remaining useful life c/f = 5 years (i.e. 6 years – 1 year)
剩余使用寿命 c/f = 5 年(即 6 年 – 1 年)
Y/A 2018
2018年年率y/A
TWDV b/f = $66,667
新台币 b/f = $66,667
Remaining useful life b/f = 5 years
剩余使用寿命 b/f = 5 年
A.A. = TWDV b/f
5 years
5年
= $66,667/5 years = $13,333
= 66,667 美元/5 年 = 13,333 美元
OR
或
Annual Allowance (A.A) = 80% x $100,000/ 6 years = $13,333
年度免税额 (A.A) = 80% x $100,000/ 6 年 = $13,333
Sixth Schedule of the Act1:
该法 1 附表六:
Item | Working Life (Years) |
Aircraft | 5 |
Bank vaults | 16 |
Building and construction equipment (including assets such as rollers, mixers, piling and drilling plants, loaders, dumpers, excavators, bulldozers and support structure) | 6 |
Cable cars and equipment | 12 |
Cables and related assets | 16 |
Containers used for the carriage of goods by any mode of transportation | 10 |
Electric, gas, water and steam, utility plant (including tanks and generators) | 16 |
Electrical equipment (including assets such as electrical and industrial apparatus, domestic and commercial appliances, air-conditioning and ventilating equipment) | 8 |
Electronic equipment (including assets such as electronic detection, guidance, control, radiation, computation, test and navigation equipment) | 8 |
Equipment used in personal and professional services (including asset used in the provision of personal and professional services which are not elsewhere classified) | 10 |
Farming equipment | 8 |
Fire safety device | 10 |
Floating and dry docks | 16 |
Gas cylinders | 16 |
Manufacturing and industrial processing plant and machinery | 6 |
Materials and passenger handling equipment (including assets such as lifts, escalators, weighing machines, conveyor belts, forklifts, lifting gears, trolleys and cranes) | 6 |
Motion picture films | 5 |
Musical instruments and other related assets | 10 |
Furniture and fixtures (including furniture and fixtures which are not a structural component of a building) | 10 |
Data handling equipment (including typewriters, calculators, adding hand accounting machines, copiers and duplicating equipment) | 8 |
Telecommunication equipment | 10 |
Plant for recreation and amusement purposes (including assets used in the provision of entertainment services on payment of a fee or admission charge, as in the operation of bowling alleys, 16billiard and pool establishments, theatres, cinemas, concert halls, amusement parks and miniature golf courses) | 10 |
Railway wagons, lines and related equipment | 16 |
Transport equipment : | |
Buses | 6 |
Business service passenger vehicles | 6 |
Taxis | 5 |
Trucks, lorries, trailers and vans | 6 |
Motorcycles and bicycles | 8 |
Vessels, barges, tugs and similar water transportation equipment | 16 |
Wholesale and retail trade service assets (including assets used in such activities as the operation of restaurants and cafes) | 8 |
7.4.2 Section 19A
7.4.2 第19A节
Accelerated capital allowance under section 19A is available to any person who incurs capital expenditure on plant or machinery used for trade, business or profession. Thus a taxpayer has the option to claim accelerated allowances under S.19A or initial and annual allowances under S.19(1) and (2).
根据第19A条,任何在用于贸易、商业或专业的工厂或机器上产生资本支出的人都可以获得加速资本免税额。因此,纳税人可以选择根据第19A条申请加速免税额,或根据第19(1)和(2)条申请初始和年度免税额。
Only Annual Allowance (AA) is available under section 19A. However, unlike AA claim under S19, the asset does not have to be in use at the end of the basis period in order to claim accelerated allowances. In other words, as long as the taxpayer has incurred the capital expenditure in the basis period, he is entitled to claim accelerated allowances on the qualifying cost regardless of whether the asset has been put to use or not.
根据第19A条,只有年度免税额(AA)可用。然而,与第19条下的AA索赔不同,该资产不必在基期结束时使用即可申请加速备抵。换言之,只要纳税人在基准期内发生了资本支出,他就有权就合格成本申请加速免税额,无论资产是否已投入使用。
All plant and machinery qualify for S19A capital allowances except for private cars (i.e. Q-plated cars registered on or after 1 April 1998 and S-plated cars) even if they are used solely for business purpose.
除私家车(即在1998年4月1日或以后注册的镀Q牌汽车及镀S牌汽车)外,所有厂房及机械均可获豁免S19A,即使它们只作商业用途。
S19A(1) : 3-Year Write-Off
S19A(1) : 3年注销
The 3-year write-off is available for all qualifying plant and machinery that are used for the purpose of the business/trade except for private cars. This accelerated allowance is given on a straight-line basis over the 3 years on the capital expenditure incurred.
除私家车外,所有用于商业/贸易目的的合格工厂和机械均可享受 3 年注销。这种加速津贴是在3年内对发生的资本支出按直线法发放的。
Example 2
示例 2
Information as per Example 1 except that Annova Ltd has decided to claim accelerated allowances under S.19A(1) consecutively over 3 years. Compute the capital allowances for Y/As 2017 and 2018.
根据例1的信息,但Annova Ltd已决定在3年内连续根据第19A(1)条申请加速津贴。计算 2017 年和 2018 年同期的资本津贴。
Y/A 2017
2017年月/亚
Useful life 3 years
使用寿命 3 年
Cost $100,000
费用:$100,000
S.19A(1): AA $100,000 = $33,333
第19A(1)条:AA $100,000 = $33,333
3 yrs
3年
TWDV c/f $66,667 (i.e. $100,000 - $33,333)
新台币 c/f $66,667 (即$100,000 - $33,333)
Remaining useful life c/f 2 years (i.e. 3 years – 1 year)
剩余使用寿命 c/f 2 年(即 3 年 – 1 年)
Y/A 2018
2018年年率y/A
Remaining useful life b/f 2 years
剩余使用寿命 b/f 2 年
TWDV b/f $66,667
新台房 b/f $66,667
S.19A(1): AA $66,667 = $33,333
S.19A(1):AA $66,667 = $33,333
2 yrs
2年
TWDV c/f $33,334 (i.e. $66,667 - $33,333)
新台币 c/f $33,334 (即 $66,667 - $33,333)
Useful life c/f 1 year (i.e. 2 years – 1 year)
使用寿命 c/f 1 年(即 2 年 – 1 年)
Note: Y/A 2019 would be the last Y/A to claim the remaining capital allowances of $33,334.
注:2019年年度将是最后一个申请剩余资本免税额33,334美元的年度。
S19A(1E): Write-off over 2 years
S19A(1E):在2年内注销
For Y/A 2021, 2022 and 2024, businesses can opt to claim the cost of qualifying plant and machinery acquired in the relevant basis period over two years instead of three years. This is to help ease cashflow for businesses. The manner of claim is as follows:
对于 2021 年、2022 年和 2024 年,企业可以选择在两年而不是三年内申请在相关基准期内购买的合格厂房和机器的成本。这是为了帮助缓解企业的现金流。索赔方式如下:
75% of the cost incurred to be written off in the first year (e.g. YA 2021); and
第一年(例如2021年)注销成本的75%;和
25% of the cost incurred to be written off in the second year (i.e. YA 2022).
在第二年(即 2022 年)注销所发生成本的 25%。
No deferment of capital allowance claim is allowed under this option.
在此选项下,不允许延期申请资本津贴。
S19A(10A): 1-year write off for low value assets
S19A(10A):低价值资产的1年期注销
A taxpayer may choose to claim a one-year write off on low value assets if the unit cost of the asset is not more than $5,000. The total claim for 100% write off of assets costing $5,000 or less each is capped at a maximum of $30,000 per Y/A. If the total capital allowances claim exceed $30,000, then the capital allowances on those assets which exceed the $30,000 limit will continue to be claimed under either S.19(1) and (2) (i.e. useful life based on the Sixth Schedule) or S.19A (i.e. 3-year write-off).
如果资产的单位成本不超过 5,000 美元,纳税人可以选择申请对低价值资产进行为期一年的注销。对于每项成本不超过 5,000 美元的资产,100% 注销的总索赔额上限为每年度 30,000 美元。如资本免税额总额超过30,000元,则超过30,000元限额的资产的资本免税额将继续根据第19(1)及(2)(即根据附表6计算的使用年限)或第19A条(即3年注销)申索。
Example 3
示例 3
The following new assets were purchased in Y/A 2021. The company wishes to maximize its claim for capital allowances.
在2021年全年购买了以下新资产。该公司希望最大限度地要求资本津贴。
Asset description: Cost ($) Total ($)
资产描述: 成本 ($) 总计 ($)
2 cupboards 4,300 each 8,600
2 个橱柜 4,300 个 8,600
20 tables 1,200 each 24,000
20 张桌子,每张 1,200 张 24,000
32,600
Capital allowances for Y/A 2021
2021年同比资本准备金
Since each item cost not more than $5,000 the company may claim a one-year write-off on the cost as follows:
由于每件物品的成本不超过 5,000 美元,公司可以按如下方式要求一年的成本注销:
Cost of 2 cupboards ($4,300 x 2) | 8,600 | ||
Cost of 17 tables ($1,200 x 17) | 20,400 | ||
Total claim under one-year write-off | 29,000 (Within the maximum limit of $30,000 per Y/A) | ||
As for the remaining 3 chairs costing $3,600 ($1,200 x 3) in total, the company can claim capital allowance under 3-year write off basis.
至于剩余的3把椅子,总成本为3,600美元(1,200美元x 3),公司可以在3年注销的基础上申请资本津贴。
Capital allowances under S.19A(10A) = 100% x $29,000
第19A(10A)条下的资本免税额=100%×29,000元
= $29,000
TWDV c/f = 0
Useful life c/f = 0
使用寿命 c/f = 0
Capital allowances under S.19A(1):
第19A(1)条规定的资本免税额:
Useful life 3 years
使用寿命 3 年
Cost $3,600
费用:$3,600
S.19A(1): AA $3,600 = $1,200
S.19A(1):AA $3,600 = $1,200
3 yrs
3年
TWDV c/f $2,400 (i.e. $3,600 - $1,200)
新台币 c/f $2,400 (即$3,600 - $1,200)
S19A(2) to (10) & (15) : 1-Year Write-Off (100% allowance)
S19A(2)至(10)及(15):1年注销(100%免税额)
The following assets acquired for the purposes of a trade, business or profession qualify for a 1-year write-off or 100% allowance, regardless of the value of the unit cost:
为贸易、商业或专业目的而获得的以下资产有资格获得 1 年注销或 100% 的津贴,无论单位成本的价值如何:
Computers or other prescribed automation equipment including facsimile, laser printers, data communications and processing equipment, text and voice processing equipment, etc. (S.19A(2)).
电脑或其他订明的自动化设备,包括传真机、激光打印机、数据通讯及处理设备、文本及语音处理设备等(第19A(2)条)。
Generators for supply of electrical power to office or factory (S.19A(3))
为办公室或工厂供电的发电机 (S.19A(3))
Robots (S.19A(4))
机器人 (S.19A(4))
Efficient pollution control equipment or devices (S.19A(5))
高效的污染控制设备(S.19A(5))
Certified energy-efficient equipment or energy-saving equipment (S.19A(6))
经核证的节能设备或节能设备 (S.19A(6))
Certified noise control devices (S.19A(7))
经认证的噪音控制装置 (S.19A(7))
Certified chemical hazard control devices (S.19A(8))
经认证的化学危害控制装置 (S.19A(8))
New goods vehicle or bus as a replacement for existing diesel-driven goods vehicle or bus, subject to some conditions (S.19A(9) & (9A)) and
新货车或巴士可取代现有柴油货车或巴士,但须符合某些条件(S.19A(9) & (9A))及
Website (S.19A(10) & (15)).
网站(S.19A(10)和(15))。
Please note that this 100% write-off is different from the 100% write-off for assets costing $5,000 or less each. They are claimed under different sub-sections of the Income Tax Act and the criteria for claim is different.
请注意,这种 100% 注销不同于每个成本为 5,000 美元或以下的资产的 100% 注销。它们是根据《所得税法》的不同子条款提出的,并且索赔标准也不同。
Example 4
示例 4
Annova Ltd upgraded its computer system and incurred costs of $2,500,000 on 10 May 2019. To recap, the company prepares its accounts to 31 March every year. The company wishes to claim maximum capital allowances. Compute the capital allowances for Y/A 2021.
Annova Ltd于2019年5月10日升级了其计算机系统,并产生了2,500,000美元的成本。总而言之,该公司准备的账目截止到每年3月31日。公司希望申请最高资本免税额。计算 2021 年全年的资本准备金。
Y/A 2021: (Basis period: 1 April 2019 – 31 March 2020)
2021年年初及同期:(基期:2019年4月1日至2020年3月31日)
Useful life 1 year
使用寿命 1 年
Cost $2,500,000
成本 $2,500,000
S.19A(2): A.A. $2,500,000 (1-year write off or 100% allowance)
S.19A(2):A.A. $2,500,000 (1年注销或100%免税额)
TWDV c/f 0
新台 c/f 0
Useful life 0
使用寿命 0
7.5 BALANCING ADJUSTMENTS
7.5 平衡调整
Where capital allowance has been granted to a taxpayer under either section 19 or section 19A for any plant & machinery and either
根据第19条或第19A条,纳税人已就任何工厂和机器获得资本免税额,并且
plant and machinery disposed of;
处理的厂房和机械;
plant and machinery permanently ceased to be used; or
永久停止使用的厂房和机器;或
trade was discontinued.
贸易已停止。
a balancing adjustment needs to be made.
需要进行平衡调整。
Balancing Allowances (BA)
平衡津贴 (BA)
Where the tax written down value of the asset is greater than the proceeds from sale, a Balancing Allowance equal to the excess is granted. BA represents the unclaimed capital allowances on the asset that is sold off or no longer in use and is an additional allowance to be claimed in the Y/A of disposal.
如果资产的减记税款价值大于出售收益,则给予与超出部分相等的余额津贴。BA代表已出售或不再使用的资产的无人认领资本免税额,是在处置Y/A中申请的额外免税额。
Balancing Charge (BC)
平衡电荷 (BC)
Where the proceeds from the sale of the asset are greater than the written down value, a Balancing Charge equal to the excess arises. BC represents the capital allowances over-claimed in previous years now that part of the original cost of the asset is recouped. BC is taxable in the Y/A of disposal and is restricted to the total allowances granted previously in respect of the asset.
如果出售资产的收益大于减记价值,则产生等于超出部分的平衡费用。BC代表了前几年多报的资本津贴,因为资产的部分原始成本已经收回。BC在处置的Y/A中应纳税,并且仅限于先前就该资产授予的总免税额。
Example 5
示例 5
A company purchased an equipment for $60,000 in Y/A 2016. The company had claimed capital allowances under S.19A(2) over 3 years. The company, with an accounting year end of 30 June, sold the equipment on 31 March 2016, for $12,000. Compute the balancing adjustment (i.e. balancing allowance or charge) for Y/A 2017.
一家公司在 2016 年全年以 60,000 美元的价格购买了一台设备。该公司曾根据第19A(2)条申索超过3年的资本免税额。该公司的会计年度截至6月30日,于2016年3月31日以12,000美元的价格出售了该设备。计算 2017 年全年 Y/A 的平衡调整(即平衡津贴或费用)。
Y/A 2016 (equipment was bought)
Y/A 2016 (设备已购买)
Useful life 3 years
使用寿命 3 年
Cost $60,000
费用:$60,000
S.19A(2): AA $60,000/3 yrs = $20,000
S.19A(2):AA $60,000/3 年 = $20,000
TWDV c/f $40,000 (i.e. $60,000 - $20,000)
新台币 c/f $40,000 (即$60,000 - $20,000)
Remaining useful life c/f 2 years (i.e. 3 years – 1 year)
剩余使用寿命 c/f 2 年(即 3 年 – 1 年)
Y/A 2017 (equipment was sold off)
2017年全年(设备已售罄)
TWDV b/f $40,000
新台币 b/f $40,000
Sales proceeds 12,000
销售收益 12,000
Balancing allowance $28,000
结余津贴 $28,000
The balancing allowance of $28,000 will be grouped with capital allowances claim on other assets for Y/A 2017 and claimed for deduction against adjusted trade profits.
28,000 美元的余额备抵将与 2017 年全年其他资产的资本备抵索赔以及调整后贸易利润的扣除额合并。
If the equipment was sold for $65,000 instead:
如果设备以 65,000 美元的价格出售:
Y/A 2017
2017年月/亚
TWDV b/f $40,000
新台币 b/f $40,000
Sales proceeds $65,000
销售收益 $65,000
Balancing charge $25,000
结余费 $25,000
Since TWDV < Sales Proceeds, a balancing charge for Y/A 2017 would arise. However, as the total allowance claimed previously was only $20,000, the balancing charge will be restricted to $20,000 and therefore only $20,000 will be brought to tax. The excess of $5,000 represents a capital gain which is not taxable. The asset originally costs $60,000 and if it was sold for $65,000, the $5,000 excess represents a gain above costs.
由于 TWDV <销售收益,因此将产生 2017 年年度的余额费用。然而,由于先前申索的免税额总额仅为20,000元,因此结余费用将限制在20,000元,因此只有20,000元将被征税。超出 5,000 美元代表不征税的资本收益。该资产最初成本为 60,000 美元,如果以 65,000 美元的价格出售,则 5,000 美元的超额部分代表高于成本的收益。
7.6 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING ALLOWANCE (IBA)
7.6 工业建筑津贴(IBA)
Before 23 Feb 2010, companies can claim Industrial Building Allowances (IBA) on capital expenditure incurred on the construction or purchase of industrial buildings or structures provided. However, IBA has now been phased out and companies will not be allowed to claim IBA except in specified scenarios provided under the transitional rules.
在 2010 年 2 月 23 日之前,公司可以就建造或购买所提供的工业建筑物或构筑物所产生的资本支出申请工业建筑津贴 (IBA)。但是,IBA现已逐步取消,除非在过渡规则规定的特定情况下,否则公司将不被允许申请IBA。
7.7 LAND INTENSIFICATION ALLOWANCE (LIA)
7.7 土地集约化津贴(LIA)
The Land Intensification Allowance (LIA) supports enhanced land productivity among industrial users. It is available to businesses in industry sectors which have large land takes and low Gross Plot Ratios (GPR), namely the manufacturing and logistics sectors. To encourage co-location of activities and allow a more efficient value supply chain, the LIA is further extended to support the development of Integrated Construction and Prefabricated Hubs (ICPHs).
土地集约化津贴(LIA)支持提高工业用户的土地生产力。它适用于土地占用大、总容积率 (GPR) 低的工业部门的企业,即制造业和物流业。为了鼓励活动的同一地点,并允许更有效的价值供应链,LIA进一步扩展,以支持综合建筑和预制枢纽(ICPH)的发展。
LIA can be claimed on qualifying capital expenditure incurred on the construction or renovation of a qualifying building or structure. The following capital expenditures can qualify for LIA:
LIA可以就建造或翻新合格建筑物或构筑物所产生的合格资本支出提出申请。以下资本支出符合 LIA 的条件:
Cost of feasibility study on the layout of the building or structure;
建筑物或构筑物布局的可行性研究费用;
Design fees of the building or structure;
建筑物或构筑物的设计费;
Cost of preparing plans for obtaining approval for the building or structure;
为获得建筑物或构筑物的批准而制定计划的费用;
Piling, construction and renovation/ extension costs;
打桩、建筑和翻新/扩建费用;
Demolition costs of an existing building or structure;
现有建筑物或构筑物的拆除费用;
Legal and other professional fees in relation to the approved construction or approved renovation/ extension; and
与批准的建造或批准的翻新/扩建有关的法律和其他专业费用;和
Stamp duties payable in respect of title of the building or structure.
就建筑物或构筑物的业权而须缴付的印花税。
LIA on approved applications is computed as follows:
已批准申请的 LIA 计算方法如下:
Initial Allowance comprising 25% of qualifying capital expenditure and
初始免税额占合格资本支出的 25%,以及
Annual allowance comprising 5% of qualifying capital expenditure
年度津贴占合资格资本支出的5%
Source: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ITA1947?ProvIds=Sc6-#Sc6-
来源: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ITA1947?ProvIds=Sc6-#Sc6-
7.8 Tutorial Questions
7.8 教程问题
1. ABC (S) Pte Ltd, in the business of making clothes, bought the following fixed assets during the financial year ended 30 June 2020. Calculate the maximum capital allowances that it can claim in the Year of Assessment 2021.
1. ABC (S) Pte Ltd,从事服装制造业务,在截至2020年6月30日的财政年度内购买了以下固定资产。计算其在2021课税年度可申请的最高资本免税额。
3 computers for $12,000, each costing $4,000 and
3 台电脑,售价 12,000 美元,每台售价 4,000 美元,以及
(ii) Machinery for $15,000
(二) 15 000美元的机械
a. $27,000
a. 27,000美元
b $17,000
b 17 000美元
c. $9,000
c. 9,000美元
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
2. ETF (S) Pte Ltd, in the business of manufacturing flour, bought the following fixed assets during the financial year ended 30 September 2020. Calculate the maximum capital allowances that it can claim in the Year of Assessment 2021.
2. ETF (S) Pte Ltd从事面粉制造业务,于截至2020年9月30日的财政年度购买了以下固定资产。计算其在2021课税年度可申请的最高资本免税额。
Private plated car costing $250,000 for the company director.
公司董事花费 250,000 美元的私人镀金汽车。
New carpet for the office costing $10,000.
办公室的新地毯耗资 10,000 美元。
3 office tables costing $2,000 each.
3 张办公桌,每张售价 2,000 美元。
a.$87,333
a.87 333美元
b $266,000
b 266 000美元
c. $16,000
约16,000美元
d. $9,333
d. 9 333美元
3. Duran (S) Pte Ltd, in the business of manufacturing car tyres, has the following fixed assets in use as at the financial year ended 30 April 2020. It is the company’s policy to claim maximum capital allowances wherever possible. Calculate the maximum capital allowances that it can claim in the Year of Assessment 2021.
3. Duran (S) Pte Ltd,从事汽车轮胎制造业务,截至2020年4月30日止财政年度拥有以下固定资产。公司的政策是尽可能要求最高资本免税额。计算其在2021课税年度可申请的最高资本免税额。
Delivery van costing $67,000 bought on 25 June 2018.
2018 年 6 月 25 日购买的货车价值 67,000 美元。
Machinery costing $9,000 bought on 1 March 2016.
2016 年 3 月 1 日购买的机器价值 9,000 美元。
Five office chairs costing $500 each bought on 1 April 2020.
2020 年 4 月 1 日购买了五把办公椅,每把价值 500 美元。
a. $26,167
a. 26 167美元
b. $78,500
b. 78 500美元
c. $24,833
约24 833美元
d. $69,500
d. 69 500美元
4. Cameron (S) Pte Ltd, in the business of making bottle caps, bought the following fixed assets during the financial year ended 31 December 2020. Calculate the maximum capital allowances that it can claim in the Year of Assessment 2021.
4. Cameron (S) Pte Ltd,从事瓶盖制造业务,于截至2020年12月31日止财政年度购买了以下固定资产。计算其在2021课税年度可申请的最高资本免税额。
16 tables costing $2,000 each.
16 张桌子,每张售价 2,000 美元。
Motorcycle costing $26,000.
摩托车售价 26,000 美元。
a.$39,333
39 333美元
b $19,333
b 19 333美元
c. $58,000
c. 58 000美元
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
5. Sunshine (S) Pte Ltd, in the business of making soft drinks, sold a delivery van for $15,000 on 15 June 2020. The van was bought for $62,000 during its financial year ended 30 June 2014. In addition, the company bought 3 new computers for $20,000 on 15 April 2020. It is the company’s policy to claim maximum capital allowances wherever possible. Calculate the total capital allowances, after balancing allowance or charge, for the Year of Assessment 2021.
5. Sunshine (S) Pte Ltd,从事软饮料生产业务,于2020年6月15日以15,000美元的价格出售了一辆送货车。这辆面包车在截至2014年6月30日的财政年度内以62,000澳元的价格购买。此外,该公司于 2020 年 4 月 15 日以 20,000 美元的价格购买了 3 台新电脑。公司的政策是尽可能要求最高资本免税额。计算2021课税年度在平衡备抵或费用后的资本免税总额。
$39,333
b. $67,000
b. 67,000美元
c. $5,000
c. 5,000美元
d. $35,000
d. 35,000美元
TOPIC 8: UTILIZATION OF UNABSORBED CAPITAL ALLOWANCES, TRADE LOSSES AND DONATIONS
议题8:未吸收资本津贴的利用、贸易损失和捐赠
In a particular Year of Assessment (Y/A), a company may have tax deductions/ capital allowances/ donations that could not be fully utilised as there was insufficient income to setoff against. For these unutilised items, companies may:
在某一课税年度,公司可能因收入不足而无法充分利用税款/资本免税额/捐款。对于这些未使用的物品,公司可以:
Carry forward these unutilised items to setoff the income of future YAs;
结转这些未使用的项目,以抵销未来青年收入;
Carry-back these unutilised items to setoff income earned in the immediate preceding YA; or
将这些未使用项目结转至抵销上一年度赚取的收入;或
Transfer these unutilised items to related companies through group relief
通过团体救济将这些未使用的物品转移给相关公司
8.1 CARRY FORWARD RELIEF
8.1 结转减免
Subject to qualifying conditions, unutilised capital allowances and trade losses can be carried forward indefinitely while unutilised donations can be carried forward for up to 5 YAs.
在符合资格条件的情况下,未使用的资本免税额和贸易损失可以无限期结转,而未使用的捐款最多可以结转 5 年。
Unabsorbed capital allowances: Same trade test and shareholdings’ test
未吸收资本免税额:相同的行业测试和持股测试
Unabsorbed trade losses: Shareholdings’ test
未吸收的贸易损失:持股检验
Unabsorbed donations: Shareholdings’ test
未吸收的捐款:持股的考验
The same trade test requires the taxpayer to continue to carry on the same trade that gave rise to the unabsorbed capital allowances in the Y/A the unabsorbed capital allowances are to be utilized.
同样的行业测试要求纳税人继续进行产生年度内未吸收资本免税额的相同贸易,未吸收的资本免税额将被使用。
The shareholdings’ test requires the common shareholders of the loss company to hold at least 50% of the shares on the relevant comparison dates. The relevant comparison dates are:
持股测试要求亏损公司的普通股股东在相关比较日持有至少50%的股份。相关的比较日期是:
Unabsorbed capital allowances:
未吸收的资本备抵:
The last day of the YA (31 Dec) in which the allowances arose
津贴产生的最后一天(12月31日)
and
和
The first day of the YA (1 Jan) in which the allowances are to be utilized.
年度的第一天(1月1日),届时将使用津贴。
Trade Losses and Donations:
交易损失和捐赠:
The last day of the year (this refers to the basis calendar year) the losses and/or donations were incurred (31 Dec)
年度的最后一天(指基准日历年)发生损失和/或捐赠(12月31日)
and
和
The first day of the YA they are to be utilized (1 January of YA)
YA 的第一天(YA 的 1 月 1 日)
Example 1
示例 1
The tax computations for Company XYZ show the following information: Year ended 30 November 2007 - Unabsorbed trade loss $180,000 - Unabsorbed capital allowances $96,000 - Unabsorbed approved donations $3,000 Year ended 30 November 2012 - Adjusted profits $310,000 - Y/A 2013 capital allowances $72,000 - Approved donations made in year 2012 $2,000 The following information were extracted from the company’s share register:
The company would like to utilise its unabsorbed trade loss, unabsorbed capital allowances and unabsorbed approved donations brought forward from the Y/A 2008 in Y/A 2013. Assume that the company is carrying on the same trade. Show workings of the shareholdings test and compute the company’s Chargeable income, before exempt income for the Y/A 2013. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Solution: Shareholdings test:
* D is not a common shareholder on 31 Dec 2007 and 1 Jan 2013.
The Y/A 2008 unabsorbed trade loss and unabsorbed approved donations will be forfeited as the common shareholders (B and C) do not have 50% or more of the shareholdings on the relevant dates. However, the Y/A 2008 unabsorbed capital allowances can be utilized against the profits for Y/A 2013 as the common shareholders hold 50% or more of the shareholdings on the relevant dates. Company XYZ Y/A 2013 income tax computation B/P: 1 Dec 2011 to 30 Nov 2012
|
8.2 CARRY-BACK RELIEF
8.2 结转减免
With effect from Y/A 2006, any current year unutilized capital allowances and trade losses will be allowed to be carried back to the Y/A immediately preceding the Y/A in which the unabsorbed capital allowances arose and trade losses are incurred. Carry back relief is not available to unabsorbed donations. The unutilized capital allowances and trade losses must be first set-off against income derived from non-trade sources of the year before they can be carried back.
自2006年年度起,任何当年未使用的资本备抵和贸易损失将被允许结转回紧接年度之前的年度,即产生未吸收的资本备抵和发生贸易损失。未吸收的捐款不适用于结转救济。未使用的资本津贴和贸易损失必须首先从当年非贸易来源的收入中抵销,然后才能结转。
Carry back relief will be available to companies and individuals (sole-proprietorships and partnerships) with business losses and/or capital allowances and the conditions for carry back relief are similar to carry forward relief except for the determination of the comparison dates for the shareholdings’ test.
有业务损失和/或资本津贴的公司和个人(独资企业和合伙企业)将获得结转减免,结转减免的条件与结转减免相似,但确定持股测试的比较日期除外。
Unabsorbed capital allowances: Same trade test and shareholdings’ test
未吸收资本免税额:相同的行业测试和持股测试
Unabsorbed trade losses: Shareholdings’ test
未吸收的贸易损失:持股检验
The shareholdings’ test requires the common shareholders of the loss company to hold at least 50% of the shares on the relevant comparison dates. The relevant comparison dates are:
持股测试要求亏损公司的普通股股东在相关比较日持有至少50%的股份。相关的比较日期是:
Unabsorbed capital allowances:
未吸收的资本备抵:
The first day of the YA (1 Jan) in which the allowances arose
津贴产生的 YA 的第一天(1 月 1 日)
and
和
The last day of the YA (31 Dec) in which the allowances are to be utilized.
年度的最后一天(12月31日),届时将使用津贴。
Trade Losses:
交易损失:
The first day of the year (calendar year) the losses were incurred (1 January)
损失发生于当年(日历年)的第一天(1月1日)
and
和
The last day of the YA they are to be utilized (31 Dec of YA)
YA的最后一天,它们将被使用(YA的12月31日)
Example 2
示例 2
A company whose accounting period ends on 30 April has unabsorbed capital allowances and unabsorbed trade loss for Y/A 2013. In order to carry back the Y/A unabsorbed capital allowances and unabsorbed trade loss for set-off against assessable income for Y/A 2012, there must not be substantial change (i.e. more than 50% change) in the shareholders as at the following dates: (a) For carry-back of unabsorbed capital allowances:
(b) For carry-back of unabsorbed trade loss:
Further, for the carry-back of the unabsorbed capital allowances, the company must also have been carrying on the same trade in Y/A 2012 as the one that gave rise to the unabsorbed capital allowances in Y/A 2013. |
Unlike the carry forward relief where there is no cap on the amount available for carry forward, the total amount allowed to be carried back is restricted to the lower of:
与结转减免不同,结转的金额没有上限,允许结转的总金额仅限于以下较低者:
the actual amount of qualifying deductions (comprising unabsorbed capital allowances and unabsorbed trade losses) subject to a cap of $100,000; or
合资格扣除的实际金额(包括未吸收的资本免税额和未吸收的贸易损失),上限为100,000元;或
the assessable income of the immediate preceding Y/A.
上一年度的应评税入息。
ORDER OF UTILIZATION
使用顺序
For carry forward relief, the order of set-off is as follows:
结转减免的抵销顺序如下:
unabsorbed capital allowances (if there are unabsorbed allowances arising from different Y/A, the allowances are to be utilized on the first-in-first-out “FIFO” basis)
未吸收的资本免税额(如因不同年度/年度产生未吸收的免税额,则该等免税额将按先进先出的“先进先出法”原则使用)
unabsorbed trade losses can be utilized only after unabsorbed capital allowances have been fully utilized (likewise unabsorbed losses from different Y/A are to be utilized on FIFO basis)
未吸收的贸易损失只有在未吸收的资本备抵被充分利用后才能使用(同样,来自不同Y/A的未吸收损失将在FIFO的基础上使用)
unabsorbed donations (FIFO basis if the unabsorbed donations arose from different Y/A) are to be utilized only after the utilization of trade losses.
未吸收的捐款(如果未吸收的捐款来自不同的Y/A,则以FIFO为基础)只有在使用贸易损失后才能使用。
For the carry back relief, the order of set-off is similar – current Y/A’s unabsorbed capital allowances followed by current Y/A’s unabsorbed losses.
对于结转减免,抵销顺序类似——当期 Y/A 的未吸收资本准备金,然后是当前 Y/A 的未吸收损失。
Example 3
示例 3
The assessable income of AMK Pte Ltd for YA 2012 is $150,000. For Y/A 2013, AMK Pte Ltd has $80,000 unabsorbed capital allowances and $100,000 unabsorbed trade losses. Calculate the amount of qualifying deductions that AMK Pte Ltd can carry back to Y/A 2012. Amount of qualifying deductions carried back from Y/A 2013 is the lower of: Assessable income (i.e. $150,000); or Qualifying deductions (i.e. $180,000) capped at $100,000. Therefore, the amount of qualifying deductions to be carried back is $100,000, comprising unabsorbed capital allowances of $80,000 and unabsorbed trade losses of $20,000 (Note: order of set-off is to claim unabsorbed capital allowances first followed by unabsorbed trade losses). What can AMK Pte Ltd do with the remaining capital allowances/trade losses which arose for Y/A 2013 which cannot be carried back (if any)? After carry-back relief, AMK Pte Ltd would have unabsorbed trade losses of $80,000 which can be carried forward for utilization in future years of assessment subject to the company meeting the shareholdings test. |
8.3 GROUP RELIEF
8.3 团体救济
Under the group relief system, companies may transfer the following to another company within the same group:
在集团纾困制度下,公司可以将以下内容转让给同一集团内的另一家公司:
current year unabsorbed capital allowances;
本年度未吸收资本备抵;
current year unabsorbed trade losses; and
本年度未吸收的贸易损失;和
current year unabsorbed approved donations.
本年度未吸收的已批准捐款。
Collectively, the above are known as loss items.
上述统称为损失项目。
Group relief is applied before carry-back relief.
在结转减免之前应用团体减免。
CONDITIONS FOR GROUP RELIEF
团体救济的条件
To qualify for group relief, companies must satisfy all of the following conditions:
要获得团体救济的资格,公司必须满足以下所有条件:
The companies must be incorporated in Singapore;
公司必须在新加坡注册成立;
The companies must be members of the same group; and
这些公司必须是同一集团的成员;和
The companies must have the same accounting year end.
这些公司必须具有相同的会计年度结束。
Condition 1 - The companies must be incorporated in Singapore
条件 1 - 公司必须在新加坡注册成立
All companies in the corporate structure must be incorporated in Singapore. Where a foreign-incorporated entity is interposed between the Singapore companies, it will “break” the relationship between the companies and they will not qualify as “group companies”
公司结构中的所有公司都必须在新加坡注册成立。如果外国注册实体在新加坡公司之间穿插,它将“破坏”公司之间的关系,它们将不符合“集团公司”的资格
Shareholding chain intact | Shareholding chain broken if B is incorporated outside Singapore. 如果B在新加坡境外注册成立,则股权链中断。 |
Condition 2 - The companies must be members of the same group
条件 2 - 公司必须是同一集团的成员
For purposes of group relief, two Singapore-incorporated companies are members of the same group if they meet the 75% shareholding requirement on the last day of the basis period for the particular Y/A (first level test), as follows:
就集团减免而言,两家在新加坡注册的公司,如果在特定Y/A(一级测试)的基准期的最后一天满足75%的持股要求,则为同一集团的成员,具体如下:
at least 75% of the ordinary share capital in one company is beneficially held, directly or indirectly, by the other; or
一家公司至少75%的普通股由另一家公司直接或间接实益持有;或
at least 75% of the ordinary share capital in each of the two companies is beneficially held, directly or indirectly, by a third company (“Common parent”).
两家公司中至少75%的普通股由第三家公司(“普通母公司”)直接或间接实益持有。
In addition to the first level test which looks at ownership by virtue of ordinary shares, the holders of these ordinary shares must also demonstrate that they are beneficially entitled directly or indirectly, to at least 75% of any residual profits and assets of the company (this is known as the second level test).
除了第一级测试(以普通股为基础)外,这些普通股的持有人还必须证明他们直接或间接受益地有权获得公司任何剩余利润和资产的至少75%(这被称为第二级测试)。
For example, if Company A owns 75% of the ordinary shares of Company B but is however beneficially entitled to only 70% of the residual profits and assets of Company B, (such as in the case where Company B has non-commercial loan creditors who are also entitled to a share of profits in the company, in addition to a fixed return on their investment), Company A and Company B will not qualify as group companies. This is a less-common scenario which we will not delve into further in this module.
例如,如果 A 公司拥有 B 公司 75% 的普通股,但仅有权获得 B 公司剩余利润和资产的 70%(例如,B 公司有非商业贷款债权人,除了固定的投资回报外,他们也有权分享公司的利润), A公司和B公司不符合集团公司的资格。这是一个不太常见的场景,我们不会在本模块中进一步深入研究。
Example 1 (No foreign shareholdings)
示例 1(无外资持股)
90% 100%
75%
Companies | Analysis of whether ordinary shareholding test is met |
A & B | A directly owns 90% (75%) of the shares in B, therefore A and B are considered group companies and hence can set off loss items. |
A & C | A directly owns 100% (75%) of the shares in C, therefore A and C are considered group companies and hence can set off loss items. |
A & D | A indirectly owns only 67.5% (90% x 75%) of the shares in D (<75%), therefore A and D are not considered group companies and hence cannot set off loss items. |
B & C | A is the common parent of B & C and holds at least 75% of the shares in each of the companies B and C (i.e. A holds 90% of the shares in B and 100% of the shares in C). Hence, B & C are considered group companies and can set off loss items. |
B & D | B directly owns 75% (75%) of the shares in D, therefore B and D are considered group companies and hence can set off loss items. |
C & D | C and D are not allowed to set off loss items between each other as the common parent A indirectly holds only 67.5% (90% x 75%) of the shares in D (<75%). |
Example 2 (With foreign shareholdings)
示例 2(外资持股)
100%
Condition 3 - The companies must have the same accounting year end
条件 3 - 公司必须具有相同的会计年度结束
This requirement for members of the same group to have the same accounting year end is applicable only between the transferor company and the claimant company.
同一集团成员具有相同会计年度终末的这一要求仅适用于转让人公司和索赔人公司之间。
ORDER OF SETOFF / TRANSFER
抵销/转让顺序
Both the transferor and claimant companies must make an election, at the time of lodgement of their tax returns for any year of assessment, to transfer loss items between group members.
转让方和申索方公司在提交任何课税年度的纳税申报表时,必须选择在集团成员之间转移损失项目。
When a transfer is made under the group relief system, the loss items will be claimed by the claimant company (i.e. the transferee) in accordance with the priority specified in the election made and in the following order:
在集体救济制度下进行转让时,索赔人公司(即受让人)将按照所作选择中规定的优先顺序并按以下顺序索赔损失项目:
Current year unabsorbed capital allowances
本年度未吸收资本备抵
Current year unabsorbed trade losses
本年度未吸收的贸易损失
Current year unabsorbed approved donations
本年度未吸收的已批准捐款
The same order is adopted by the transferor company
转让公司采用相同的顺序
8.4 FORMAT OF TAX COMPUTATION OF A COMPANY
8.4 公司税务计算格式
Year of Assessment 2021
2021课税年度
Net profit before tax $XXX,XXX
税前净利润$XXX,XXX
Less:
少:
Non-taxable income (X,XXX)
非应税所得额 (X,XXX)
Non-trade income (X,XXX)
非贸易收入 (X,XXX)
--
XXX,XXX
XXX,XXX
Add: Non-deductible/non-trade expenses X,XXX
添加:不可抵扣/非交易费用 X,XXX
Less: Further/special deductions and (X,XXX)
减:进一步/特殊扣除额和 (X,XXX)
---
Adjusted trade profit XXX,XXX
调整后营业利润 XXX,XXX
Add: Balancing Charge X,XXX
添加:平衡费用 X,XXX
Less: Unabsorbed capital allowances brought forward (X,XXX)
减:结转的未吸收资本备抵(X,XXX)
Current Y/A capital allowances (X,XXX)
当前 Y/A 资本免税额 (X,XXX)
Balancing Allowances (X,XXX)
平衡津贴 (X,XXX)
---
---- XXX,XXX
Less: Trade losses brought forward (X,XXX)
减:结转贸易损失 (X,XXX)
--------------
Net trade income XXX,XXX
净贸易收入 XXX,XXX
Add: Non-trade income assessable in Y/A 2021 XX,XXX
添加:2021年XX,XXX年内应评税的非贸易收入
-
Statutory income XX,XXX
法定收入 XX,XXX
Less: Unabsorbed donations brought forward (X,XXX)
减:未吸收的捐款(X,XXX)
Approved donations (X,XXX)
批准的捐款 (X,XXX)
--
Assessable income XX,XXX
应评税入息 XX,XXX
Less: Loss items transferred under Group Relief (X,XXX)
减:根据集团救济(X,XXX)转移的损失项目
Less: Capital allowances carried back (X,XXX)
减:资本准备金结转(X,XXX)
Less: Trade losses carried back (X,XXX)
减:贸易亏损结转(X,XXX)
-----------
Chargeable income (before deducting exempt income) X,XXX
应课税入息(扣除免税入息前)X,XXX
Less: Exempt income (partial/full tax exemption scheme) (X,XXX)
减:免税收入(部分/全部免税计划)(X,XXX)
----------
Chargeable income (after deducting exempt income) X,XXX
应课税入息(扣除免税入息后)X,XXX
Tax @ 17% X,XXX.XX
税 @ 17% X,XXX.XX
Less: Double tax relief (XXX.XX)
减:双重征税减免 (XXX.XX)
---------------
X,XXX.XX
X,XXX.XX
---------------
Net tax payable X,XXX.XX
应纳税净额 X,XXX.XX
8.5 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
8.5 教程问题
Question 1
第1项质询
Company year end: 30 September
公司年终:9月30日
Unabsorbed capital allowances: $35,000 brought forward from Y/A 2008
未吸收资本准备金:2008年年度结转35,000美元
Unabsorbed trade losses: $15,000 brought forward from Y/A 2008
未吸收的贸易亏损:2008年同比结转15,000美元
Shareholders: 31.12.2007 30.9.2008 31.12.2008 1.1.2016 onwards
股东人数:2007年12月31日 2008年9月30日 2008年12月31日 2016年1月1日起
A 30% 40% 60% 60%
一个 30%40%60%60%
B 70% 60% - -
乙 70%60%--
C - - 40% 20%
D - - - 20%
Advise the company whether it can utilise the unabsorbed capital allowances and trade losses in Y/A 2020.
告知公司是否可以利用2020年年度未吸收的资本备抵和贸易损失。
Workings for utilisation of unabsorbed capital allowances
利用未吸收资本备抵的运作
Relevant dates of comparison: | ||
Common Shareholders: | ||
A | % | % |
C | % | % |
% | % | |
Total shareholdings | % | % |
Conclusion:
结论:
The company can / cannot* utilise its unabsorbed capital allowances in Y/A 2016.
公司可以/不能*在2016年全年使用其未吸收的资本准备金。
Reason:
原因:
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workings for utilisation of unabsorbed trade losses
利用未吸收的贸易损失的运作方式
Relevant dates of comparison: | ||
Common Shareholders: | ||
% | % | |
% | % | |
% | % | |
Total shareholdings | % | % |
Conclusion:
结论:
The company can / cannot* utilise its unabsorbed trade losses in Y/A 2016.
公司可以/不能*利用其在2016年全年未吸收的贸易损失。
Reason:
原因:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question 2
第2项质询
State the relevant dates for comparison used in applying the shareholdings test in the following scenarios:
请说明在下列情况下应用持股量测试时使用的相关比较日期:
Unabsorbed CA arising from | Utilised in | Unabsorbed losses from | Utilised in | |
Carry forward | Carry forward | |||
Y/A 2006 _________ | Y/A 2017 _________ | Y/A 2006 _________ | Y/A 2017 _________ | |
Y/A 2007 _________ | Y/A 2017 _________ | Y/A 2007 _________ | Y/A 2017 _________ | |
Carry back | Carry back | |||
Y/A 2016 _________ | Y/A 2015 _________ | Y/A 2016 _________ | Y/A 2015 _________ | |
Y/A 2013 _________ | Y/A 2012 _________ | Y/A 2013 _________ | Y/A 2012 _________ |
Question 3
第3项质询
CDL Pte Ltd has the following unabsorbed trade losses, capital allowances and donations which arose in Y/A 2020.
城市发展私人有限公司在2020年全年出现以下未吸收的贸易损失、资本津贴和捐赠。
$ | |
Unabsorbed trade losses | 60,000 |
Unabsorbed capital allowances | 50,000 |
Unabsorbed approved donations | 15,000 |
In Y/A 2019, CDL had assessable income of $120,000 and would like to carry back its qualifying deductions which arose in Y/A 2020 to offset against its assessable income in Y/A 2019.
在2019年年度,城市发展的应评税收入为120,000元,并希望将其在2020年年度产生的合格扣除额结转,以抵消其在2019年年度的应评税收入。
Required:
必填:
State what items can be carried back and the conditions that CDL must fulfil, before the qualifying items can be carried back to Y/A 2019.
说明哪些项目可以结转以及 CDL 必须满足的条件,然后才能将符合条件的项目结转到 2019 年全年。
Calculate the maximum amount of qualifying deductions that can be carried back to Y/A 2019, stating clearly the breakdown of the amount carried back.
计算可结转至 2019 年全年的最大合格扣除额,并明确说明结转金额的明细。
State the amount of loss items that can be carried forward for utilisation in future years of assessment.
列明可结转用于日后课税年度的损失项目金额。
TOPIC 9: TAXATION OF FOREIGN SOURCED INCOME
主题9:外国来源收入的征税
Singapore adopts the territorial basis of taxation and in the case of foreign sourced income, since such income is not sourced in Singapore, it will not be subject to tax until the income is received in Singapore. Even where the foreign sourced income is received in Singapore, it may be exempted from Singapore tax. Usually, foreign sourced income would have suffered tax in the source country. If the income is received in Singapore and it does not qualify for tax exemption in Singapore, the income would effectively suffer tax twice, once in the source country and then again in Singapore where it is received. In such circumstance, the Comptroller of Income Tax would give a relief for the foreign tax suffered, commonly known as double tax relief.
新加坡采用地域征税基础,对于来自外国的收入,由于此类收入不是来自新加坡,因此在新加坡收到收入之前无需纳税。即使来自国外的收入是在新加坡获得的,也可以免征新加坡税。通常,来自外国的收入会在来源国纳税。如果收入是在新加坡收到的,并且不符合在新加坡免税的条件,则该收入实际上将遭受两次纳税,一次在来源国,另一次在收到收入的新加坡。在这种情况下,所得税主计长将对所遭受的外国税收给予减免,通常称为双重征税减免。
9.1 MEANING OF “RECEIVED IN SINGAPORE”
9.1 “在新加坡收到”的含义
Section 10(25) of the Singapore Income Tax Act clarifies the meaning of “income received in Singapore from outside Singapore” regardless of whether the source from which the income was derived has ceased as:
《新加坡所得税法》第10(25)条澄清了“从新加坡境外在新加坡获得的收入”的含义,无论收入的来源是否已停止:
remitted to, transmitted or brought into Singapore;
汇款至新加坡、传输或带入新加坡;
applied in or towards the satisfaction of any debt incurred in respect of a trade or business carried on in Singapore; or
用于或用于清偿与在新加坡进行的贸易或业务有关的任何债务;或
applied to purchase any movable property which is brought into Singapore”
申请购买带入新加坡的任何动产”
Example 1
示例 1
Company A carries on business in Singapore and has various investments outside Singapore. The income derived from these investments is credited to its bank account in Hong Kong. Company A uses the money in its Hong Kong bank account to pay overseas suppliers directly without remitting the money to Singapore.
A公司在新加坡开展业务,并在新加坡境外进行各种投资。这些投资所得的收入将记入其在香港的银行账户。A公司使用其香港银行账户中的钱直接向海外供应商付款,而不将钱汇到新加坡。
As the company has applied the income from its foreign investments (i.e. foreign income) to settle debts in respect of its business which is carried on in Singapore, the foreign-sourced investment income will be regarded as received in Singapore for income tax purposes under Section 10(25) of the SITA, notwithstanding that the money was not remitted to Singapore.
由于该公司已将其外国投资收入(即外国收入)用于清偿其在新加坡经营的业务的债务,因此根据SITA第10(25)条,外国来源的投资收入将被视为在新加坡收到的所得税,尽管该款项并未汇入新加坡。
9.2 TAX EXEMPTION OF FOREIGN INCOME
9.2 国外收入免税
There are various provisions in the Income Tax Act providing tax exemption of certain types of foreign-sourced income.
《所得税法》中有各种规定,规定某些类型的外国来源收入免税。
9.2.1 Exemption for individuals
9.2.1 个人豁免
From 1 January 2004, individuals (except partnerships) are granted tax exemption on all foreign-sourced income remitted to or received in Singapore under Section 13(7A) of the SITA. The exemption excludes foreign income received by a resident individual partner through a partnership in Singapore.
从2004年1月1日起,根据SITA第13(7A)条,个人(合伙企业除外)对汇入新加坡或在新加坡收到的所有来自外国的收入均享有免税待遇。该豁免不包括居民个人合伙人通过新加坡的合伙企业获得的外国收入。
9.2.2 Exemption for companies
9.2.2 公司豁免
Under the foreign-sourced income exemption (FSIE) scheme, only tax resident companies are granted tax exemption on foreign sourced Dividends, Branch profits and Service income received in Singapore with effect from 1 June 2003, provided the following conditions are met:
根据外资收入豁免(FSIE)计划,自2003年6月1日起,只要满足以下条件,只有税务居民公司才能对在新加坡收到的外资股息、分行利润和服务收入免税:
the foreign income has been “subject to tax” (i.e. foreign tax suffered) in the foreign jurisdiction from which they were received;
外国收入在收到外国收入的外国司法管辖区“应纳税”(即遭受的外国税款);
the income is received from a foreign jurisdiction with a headline tax rate of at least 15% in the year in which the income is received in Singapore. This headline tax refers to the highest corporate tax rate of the foreign country and need not be the actual rate of tax imposed on the foreign income; and
该收入来自外国司法管辖区,在新加坡收到收入的当年,总税率至少为 15%。该标题税是指外国最高的公司税率,不一定是对外国收入征收的实际税率;和
The Comptroller of Income Tax is satisfied that the tax exemption would be beneficial to the tax resident in Singapore.
所得税主计长认为,免税将对新加坡的税务居民有利。
Coverage of FSIE Scheme
外佣计划涵盖范围
The scheme only covers foreign income in the form of dividend, branch profits and service fees or “D.B.S.” income. Thus, foreign interest income or foreign rental income received in Singapore by resident companies will not be tax exempted.
该计划仅涵盖股息、分行利润和服务费或“DBS”收入形式的外国收入。因此,居民公司在新加坡收到的外国利息收入或外国租金收入将不免税。
Foreign-sourced dividend
外资股息
A dividend is considered a foreign-sourced dividend if it is paid by a company that is not a tax resident in Singapore.
如果股息是由非新加坡税务居民的公司支付的,则股息被视为来自外国的股息。
Foreign-sourced branch profits
外资分支机构利润
A foreign branch refers to a business operation of a company registered as a branch in a foreign jurisdiction. Profits of a foreign branch (that qualify for the tax exemption) refer to profits arising from a trade or business carried on by the foreign branch. It does not cover non-trade or non-business income (such as interest income or royalty income) of the foreign branch.
外国分支机构是指在外国司法管辖区注册为分支机构的公司的业务运营。外国分支机构的利润(符合免税条件)是指外国分支机构经营的贸易或业务产生的利润。它不包括外国分支机构的非贸易或非营业收入(如利息收入或特许权使用费收入)。
Foreign-sourced service income
外资服务收入
Service income (as distinguished from employment income) refers to professional, technical, consultancy or other services provided by a person in the course of its trade, profession or business. Service income is considered foreign-sourced if the service is rendered in the course of a person’s trade, business or profession, through a fixed place of operation in a foreign jurisdiction.
服务收入(有别于就业收入)是指一个人在其行业、专业或业务过程中提供的专业、技术、顾问或其他服务。如果服务是在某人的贸易、业务或专业过程中通过外国司法管辖区的固定经营地点提供的,则服务收入被视为来自外国。
Foreign Tax Suffered or “Subject to Tax” condition
外国纳税或“纳税”条件
Most income would be subject to tax in the country of source. Where the recipient of the income is not tax resident in the country of source or has no place of business in the country of source, the manner of tax collection is generally through withholding. In other words, when the payer makes the payment of income to the non-resident recipient, the payer will withhold the requisite amount of income tax payable to the tax authority and remit the balance to the non-resident recipient.
大多数收入将在来源国纳税。收入的接收人不是来源国的税务居民或在来源国没有营业地的,一般采用预扣方式征税。换言之,当付款人向非居民收款人支付收入时,付款人将预扣应向税务机关缴纳的必要所得税金额,并将余额汇给非居民收款人。
Example 2
示例 2
Cosmic Singapore Pte Ltd has a fixed deposit placement with ANZ Bank in Australia. The interest earned on the Australian fixed deposit is A$ 10,000 and it is subject to Australian tax of 10%. When making payment to Cosmic Singapore, ANZ Bank will withhold 10% tax and forward it to the Australian tax authorities and the balance of A$ 9,000 will be credited to Cosmic Singapore’s account with ANZ Bank. The 10% tax suffered in Australia is known as withholding tax.
Cosmic Singapore Pte Ltd在澳大利亚的澳新银行有定期存款。澳大利亚定期存款赚取的利息为 10,000 澳元,需缴纳 10% 的澳大利亚税。在向Cosmic Singapore付款时,ANZ银行将预扣10%的税款并将其转交给澳大利亚税务机关,余额9,000澳元将记入Cosmic Singapore在ANZ银行的账户。澳大利亚遭受的10%税被称为预扣税。
In the case of dividends, they are paid out of after-tax profits. The corporate tax paid on the profits out of which the dividends are declared payable is known as the underlying tax. Further, as the dividend is paid to a non-resident, a withholding tax may also be imposed on the gross dividend.
在股息的情况下,它们是从税后利润中支付的。为宣布支付股息的利润支付的公司税称为基础税。此外,由于股息是支付给非居民的,因此也可能对总股息征收预扣税。
For purposes of the FSIE scheme, the condition that “foreign tax has been suffered” refers to both the underlying tax as well as any withholding tax suffered on the foreign income received in Singapore.
就外商收入投资计划而言,“外国税款已受累”的条件是指基础税款以及因在新加坡收到的外国收入而缴纳的任何预扣税。
9.3 RELIEF FROM DOUBLE TAXATION
9.3 避免双重征税
Foreign-sourced income that do not meet the conditions for the FSIE exemption (as discussed above) would be subject to tax in Singapore. Such foreign-sourced income may have also been taxed in the foreign country. Where the foreign-sourced income is taxed twice, once in the foreign country (country of source) and again in Singapore (country of remittance), the income is said to have been subject to double taxation.
不符合外商收入豁免条件(如上所述)的外国来源收入将在新加坡纳税。这种来自外国的收入也可能在外国征税。如果外国来源的收入被征税两次,一次在外国(来源国),另一次在新加坡(汇款国),则该收入被称为双重征税。
The purpose of double taxation relief (DTR) is to provide relief from double taxation when it occurs.
双重征税减免 (DTR) 的目的是在双重征税发生时提供双重征税的减免。
Calculation of Double Taxation Relief (DTR)
避免双重征税宽免的计算
DTR (treaty relief/unilateral relief) = Lower of: Foreign tax paid = Gross foreign income x Foreign tax rate OR Singapore tax payable on the foreign income = Gross foreign income x Tax payable Total statutory income |
Example 3
示例 3
Company A with accounting year end of 30 September 2018 has an adjusted trade profit of $80,000 for the Y/A 2019. On 2 February 2018, the company received net foreign dividends of $9,500 in Singapore. The dividends were subject to 5% tax in a foreign country which has a headline tax of 10%. Capital allowances computed for the Y/A 2019 is $5,000. Compute Company A’s tax payable for Y/A 2019. |
Solution: $ $ Adjusted trade profit 80,000 (Less): Capital allowances (5,000) 75,000 Add: Non-trade income Foreign dividend (gross) - $9,500 / 95% 10,000 Statutory income /C.I before exempt income 85,000 Less: Exempt income 75% on first $10,000 7,500 50% on next $75,000 37,500 (45,000) C.I after exempt income 40,000 Tax payable @ 17% 6,800.00 Less: Double taxation relief, computed as lower of (a) 5% x $10,000 = $500.00; or (b) $10,000/$85,000 x $6,800.00 = $800.00 (500.00) Tax payable after DTR 6,300.00
|
DTR for foreign-sourced dividends may be granted on two levels of taxation:
外国来源股息的DTR可按两个税种授予:
Underlying tax, which refers to the tax paid on distributed profit; and
基础税,指分配利润所缴纳的税款;和
Withholding tax, which is the tax levied on the dividend itself.
预扣税,即对股息本身征收的税款。
9.4 Tutorial QUESTIONS
9.4 教程问题
Question 1
第1项质询
Company A has a March accounting year end. It derived the following foreign income:
A 公司的会计年度为 3 月结束。它从国外获得以下收入:
A net foreign dividend of S$5,700 from Country A was accrued in June 2018. The proceeds from the dividend was received in Singapore in December 2019.
2018 年 6 月,A 国的净外国股息为 5,700 新元。股息收益于2019年12月在新加坡收到。
The withholding tax on dividend in Country A is 5% and the headline tax in Country A is 12%.
A 国的股息预扣税为 5%,A 国的标题税为 12%。
A net foreign interest of S$3,600 from Country B was also accrued in June 2018. The interest income was used to purchase a gift for a trading partner in Country B in September 2018. The withholding tax on interest in Country B is 10% and the headline tax in Country B is 15%.
2018 年 6 月,B 国的净外国利息也计入了 3,600 新元。2018年9月,利息收入用于为B国的贸易伙伴购买礼物。B国的利息预扣税为10%,B国的利息预扣税为15%。
Required
必填
Explain whether each of the above income will be taxable in Singapore in the relevant assessment year. If taxable, please state the amount taxable.
解释上述每项收入是否在相关评估年度内在新加坡纳税。如果应纳税,请说明应纳税金额。
Question 2
第2项质询
Which of the following foreign-sourced income derived by a Singapore resident company may
新加坡居民公司获得的以下哪项来自国外的收入可能NOT qualify for tax exemption?
没有资格获得免税?
Rental income derived from a property located in Country A was remitted into Singapore on 17 March 2019. The rental income has been subject to tax in Country A and the headline tax rate is 25%.
2019 年 3 月 17 日,位于 A 国的房产产生的租金收入汇入新加坡。租金收入在A国征税,总税率为25%。
Dividend income from Country B has been subject to withholding tax at 10% and corporate tax of 30%. The dividend was kept in the bank account in Country A until December 2019 when it was used to settle an amount owing to a supplier in Country A.
来自B国的股息收入需缴纳10%的预扣税和30%的公司税。股息一直保存在A国的银行账户中,直到2019年12月用于支付欠A国供应商的款项。
Interest income from Country C has been subject to withholding tax at 8% and the headline tax rate is 15%. The interest was remitted to Singapore in July 2019.
来自C国的利息收入需缴纳8%的预扣税,总税率为15%。利息已于2019年7月汇入新加坡。
(i) and (ii) only.
() 和 (ii) 仅。
b. (i) and (iii) only.
b. () 和 (iii) 仅。
c. (ii) and (iii) only.
c. 仅限 (ii) 和 (iii)。
d. All of the above.
d. 以上所有。
Question 3
第3项质询
Company XYZ, with a financial year end of 30 June, remitted a net foreign dividend of S$8,500 from Country A in May 2019. The withholding tax on dividend in Country A is 5% and the headline tax in Country A is 10%. Calculate the amount of foreign taxes suffered on the dividend income.
XYZ公司于2019年5月从A国汇出8,500新元的净外国股息,截至6月30日。A 国的股息预扣税为 5%,A 国的标题税为 10%。计算股息收入所遭受的外国税额。
a. $1,275
a. 1,275 美元
b. $1,441
b. 1,441美元
c. $1,370
约1,370美元
d. $1,495
d. 1,495美元
Question 4
第4项质询
Company ABC, with a financial year end of 30 June, remitted a net foreign dividend of S$10,500 from Country A in October 2019. The withholding tax on dividend in Country A is 5% and the headline tax in Country A is 18%. Company ABC also has accrued net interest income of $5,000 as of 30 June 2018, which it used to purchase a machinery and bring into Singapore in January 2019. The withholding tax rate on interest is 10%. Calculate the amount of income that is taxable in Singapore for the Year of Assessment 2020.
截至6月30日财政年度的ABC公司于2019年10月从A国汇出10,500新元的净外国股息。A 国的股息预扣税为 5%,A 国的标题税为 18%。截至 2018 年 6 月 30 日,ABC 公司还累计了 5,000 美元的净利息收入,用于购买一台机器并于 2019 年 1 月带入新加坡。利息的预扣税率为10%。计算 2020 课税年度在新加坡应纳税的收入金额。
a. $0
a. 0 美元
b. $5,555
b. 5,555美元
c. $19,034
约19 034美元
d. $13,479
d. 13 479美元
TOPIC 10: TAXATION OF NON-RESIDENTS
议题10:非居民的税收
Generally, non-residents do not habitually conduct their activities, whether business, profession, vocation or employment, in Singapore. In the case of individuals, their period of stay in Singapore is short and in the case of companies, they may not even have a fixed place of business in Singapore. Nonetheless, various income derived by these non-residents are still seen to be sourced in Singapore and Singapore tax will have to paid on such income.
一般来说,非居民不习惯性地在新加坡开展活动,无论是商业、专业、职业还是就业。就个人而言,他们在新加坡的逗留时间很短,就公司而言,他们甚至可能在新加坡没有固定的营业地点。尽管如此,这些非居民获得的各种收入仍然被视为来自新加坡,新加坡必须为这些收入缴纳税款。
The Singapore tax is generally collected by the payer of the income to the non-resident by way of withholding. Sections 45 and 45A to 45G of the Income Tax Act set out the rules relating to withholding tax. In essence, for a payment made to a non-resident, the onus is on the payer to withhold the tax at source and the tax deducted would have to be remitted to the IRAS within the stipulated deadline.
新加坡税通常由非居民收入的纳税人通过预扣税的方式收取。《所得税法》第45条和第45A条至第45G条规定了与预扣税有关的规则。从本质上讲,对于向非居民支付的款项,付款人有责任从源头预扣税款,扣除的税款必须在规定的期限内汇给IRAS。
10.1 NON-RESIDENT INDIVIDUALS
10.1 非居民个人
A non-resident individual is generally subject to tax at the flat rate of 24% (effective from Y/A 2024) on Singapore sourced income. However, concessionary rates of tax of 10% or 15% are also available on certain income derived by non-resident individuals.
非居民个人通常需按新加坡来源收入的 24% 统一税率纳税(从 2024 年全年开始生效)。但是,对于非居民个人获得的某些收入,也可以享受10%或15%的优惠税率。
10.1.1 Non-resident Employees
10.1.1 外地雇员
Non-resident individuals who exercise employment in Singapore for a period of 60 days or less in the basis period will be exempted from Singapore tax on their Singapore sourced employment income.
在基准期内在新加坡工作 60 天或更短时间的非居民个人将免征其来自新加坡的就业收入的新加坡税。
If the individual exercises employment in Singapore for a period of 61 days but less than 183 days in the basis period, the individual can claim relief under S40B whereby the non-resident employee will have his Singapore sourced employment income taxed at the higher of:
如果个人在新加坡工作61天但少于183天,则个人可以根据第40B条申请减免,根据该条款,非居民雇员将获得其来自新加坡的就业收入的税款,以以下较高者为准:
A flat 15% tax rate or
15%的统一税率或
Resident rate applicable under Part A of the Second Schedule after deduction of personal reliefs and any applicable income tax rebates for that Y/A.
根据附表2A部分适用的居民税率,扣除个人减免和该Y/A的任何适用所得税退税后。
All other Singapore sourced income will be subject to Singapore tax at the rate of 24% unless otherwise specified. Hence, Singapore sourced income like rental income from immovable property in Singapore will be subject to tax at 24%.
除非另有说明,否则所有其他来自新加坡的收入将按 24% 的税率缴纳新加坡税。因此,来自新加坡不动产的租金收入等新加坡来源的收入将按 24% 的税率征税。
Income derived by non-resident individuals that are specifically exempted from Singapore tax includes interest on deposit placement with approved banks in Singapore/licensed finance companies, dividend received from a Singapore resident company and all foreign sourced income received in Singapore. Interest from loans extended to Singapore businesses that are non-approved banks or non-licensed finance companies will be taxable at the rate of 15%.
非居民个人获得的明确免征新加坡税的收入包括在新加坡经批准的银行/持牌金融公司存款的利息、从新加坡居民公司获得的股息以及在新加坡获得的所有外国来源收入。向未经批准的银行或非持牌金融公司的新加坡企业发放的贷款利息将按 15% 的税率征税。
Example 1
示例 1
Simon, an Australian, worked in Singapore for 3 months from April to June 2017. His monthly salary is $10,000. He is 35 years old and single. He also derives rental income from his Singapore property which he had bought a year ago. His rental income for year 2017 was $60,000. He also earned interest income of $2,000 on his deposit with DBS Bank, Singapore. Prepare Simon’s tax computation for Y/A 2018, claiming relief under Section 40B.
Simon,澳大利亚人,2017年4月至6月在新加坡工作了3个月。他的月薪是 10,000 美元。他今年35岁,单身。他还从一年前购买的新加坡房产中获得租金收入。他2017年的租金收入为60,000美元。他还从新加坡星展银行的存款中获得了 2,000 美元的利息收入。准备 Simon 的 2018 年全年税收计算,根据第 40B 条申请减免。
Tax on Singapore employment income for Y/A 2019:
2019年新加坡就业收入税:
Higher of
中较高者
Non-resident basis
非居民基础
Singapore employment income @ $10,000 x 3 $30,000
新加坡就业收入 @ $10,000 x 3$30,000
Tax @ 15% $4,500.00
税 @ 15%$4,500.00
Resident basis
居民基础
Singapore employment income $30,000
新加坡就业收入$30,000
Less: Personal relief $ 1,000
减: 个人救济$ 1,000
Chargeable Income $29,000
应课税入息$29,000
Tax on 1st $20,000 $ 0.00
税 1 st $20,000 $ 0.00
Tax on next $9,000 $180.00
下一个 $9,000$180.00 的税费
Gross tax payable $180.00
应交税总额$180.00
Actual tax computation for Y/A 2019
2019年全年实际税费计算
Tax on Singapore employment income (higher amount) $ 4,500
新加坡就业收入税(较高金额)$ 4,500
Tax on rental income $60,000 x 22% $13,200
租金收入税 $60,000 x 22% $13,200
Tax on interest from DBS Bank Exempt
星展银行利息免税
Total tax payable $17,700
应缴税款总额 $17,700
10.2 NON-RESIDENT COMPANIES
10.2 非居民公司
Section 12(6) and 12(7) of the Singapore Income Tax Act deems the following types of income to be sourced in Singapore
《新加坡所得税法》第12(6)条和第12(7)条认为以下类型的收入来自新加坡
INTEREST, commission, fee or any other payments in connection with any loan or indebtedness or with any arrangement, management, guarantee or service relating to any loan or indebtedness.
与任何贷款或债务或与任何贷款或债务有关的任何安排、管理、担保或服务有关的利息、佣金、费用或任何其他付款。
ROYALTIES or other payments for use of or the right to use any movable property (this generally refers to intellectual/intangible property)
使用权使用费或其他使用任何动产(通常指知识产权/无形财产)的付款
KNOW HOW payments or payment for the use of or the right to use scientific, technical, industrial or commercial knowledge or information.
KNOW HOW 支付或支付使用或有权使用科学、技术、工业或商业知识或信息的费用。
SHOW HOW payments or payment for the rendering of assistance or service in connection with the application or use of such knowledge (also known as technical service fees).
SHOW HOW 为提供与应用或使用此类知识相关的帮助或服务而支付的款项(也称为技术服务费)。
MANAGEMENT assistance or service fees
管理协助或服务费
RENT or other payments for use of any movable property (this generally refers to tangible property)
租金或其他使用任何动产的款项(通常指有形财产)
if the payment is borne directly or indirectly by a person resident in Singapore or a permanent establishment in Singapore or where the payment is deductible against any income accruing or derived from Singapore. Further, in the case of loans, any income derived from loans will be deemed to be derived from Singapore if the funds provided by the loans are brought into or used in Singapore.
如果付款由新加坡居民或新加坡常设机构直接或间接承担,或者付款可以从新加坡产生或衍生的任何收入中扣除。此外,就贷款而言,如果贷款提供的资金被带入新加坡或在新加坡使用,则从贷款中获得的任何收入将被视为来自新加坡。
10.3 EXCLUSIONS AND EXEMPTIONS
10.3 排除和豁免
Nonetheless, under the same Section, the following will not be deemed sourced in Singapore:
尽管如此,在同一条下,以下物品将不被视为来自新加坡:
Payments of any of the above income in respect of a business carried on outside Singapore through a PE outside Singapore. For example, the Singapore head office pays for the interest expense on behalf of its Malaysian branch office. The interest is payable on an overdraft facility taken up with Maybank Malaysia by the branch office for its working capital needs. Although the interest is borne by a Singapore resident company, the interest payable to Maybank Malaysia, a non-Singapore tax resident company, is not deemed sourced in Singapore as the interest is for the Malaysian business carried on in Malaysia by the branch.
通过新加坡境外的常设机构在新加坡境外经营的业务的上述任何收入的支付。例如,新加坡总公司代表其马来西亚分公司支付利息费用。利息由马来西亚马来亚银行分行为满足其营运资金需求而向马来西亚马来亚银行提供的透支贷款支付。虽然利息由新加坡居民公司承担,但应付给马来西亚马来亚银行(一家非新加坡税务居民公司)的利息不被视为来自新加坡,因为该利息是针对该分行在马来西亚经营的马来西亚业务。
Payments of interest or any loan related payments in respect of any immovable property situated outside Singapore. If instead of a working capital loan, the Malaysian branch or for that matter, the Singapore company took up the loan with Maybank Malaysia to purchase a factory in Malaysia, the interest payable on the loan will not be deemed sourced in Singapore as it is in respect of an immovable property located in Malaysia.
支付位于新加坡境外的任何不动产的利息或任何与贷款相关的付款。如果新加坡公司不是通过马来西亚分行的流动资金贷款,而是向马来西亚马来亚银行(Maybank Malaysia)贷款,以购买马来西亚的工厂,则贷款的应付利息将不被视为来自新加坡,因为它是针对位于马来西亚的不动产。
Where services provided to the Singapore resident or Singapore PE is performed outside Singapore and the services are provided by a non-resident company that is not incorporated or registered in Singapore and such services are not effectively connected with any business or permanent establishment that the non-resident company may have in Singapore.
如果向新加坡居民或新加坡常设机构提供的服务是在新加坡境外进行的,并且服务是由非居民公司提供的,而该公司并非在新加坡注册或注册,并且此类服务与非居民公司可能在新加坡拥有的任何业务或常设机构没有有效联系。
10.4 RATES OF WITHOLDING TAX
10.4 预扣税税率
Where payments listed under Sections 12(6) and (7) and which are not covered under the exclusions and exemptions mentioned above, are made to non-resident individuals and companies, Section 45 to 45D imposes an obligation on the payer to withhold tax on the payments. The current rates of withholding tax applicable to the different categories of deemed income made to non-resident persons is as follows:
如果第12(6)和(7)条所列的款项不在上述排除和豁免范围内,是向非居民个人和公司支付的,则第45至45D条规定付款人有义务为这些款项预扣税款。目前适用于非居民人士不同类别的视同收入的预扣税税率如下:
Nature of Payment | Tax rates for non-resident companies |
Interest, commission, fee or other payment in connection with loan or indebtedness | 15% |
Royalties or lump sum payment for use of moveable properties | 10% |
Payment for use of or right to use scientific, technical or commercial knowledge or information | 10% |
Technical assistance and service fee | 17% |
Management Fee | 17% |
Rental of moveable property | 15% |
The above rates of withholding can be reduced or exempted if the country in which the non-resident is resident in has a double tax agreement (DTA) in Singapore. The DTA would state the reduced rates that apply for certain types of payments (e.g. interest, royalties).
如果非居民居住的国家/地区在新加坡有双重征税协定 (DTA),则可以降低或免除上述预扣税率。避免双重征税协定将说明适用于某些类型付款(例如利息、特许权使用费)的降低税率。
Example 2
示例 2
Company ABC Ltd took a loan from its parent company in US. It needs to pay interest of $5,000 on the loan. What are the tax implications of the interest payable to the US company?
ABC Ltd公司从其在美国的母公司获得贷款。它需要支付 5,000 美元的贷款利息。应付给美国公司的利息涉及什么税务问题?
As the interest payment is borne by a Singapore company and is likely to be deductible against Singapore sourced income, the interest will be deemed sourced in Singapore. Since the payment is made to a non-resident company, the payment will be subject to a final withholding tax of 15%. This means tax of $750 will have to be withheld and accounted with the Comptroller of Income Tax by the payment deadline and the US company will only receive $4,250.
由于利息支付由新加坡公司承担,并且可能从新加坡的收入中扣除,因此利息将被视为来自新加坡。由于付款是支付给非居民公司的,因此付款将缴纳 15% 的最终预扣税。这意味着 750 美元的税款必须在付款截止日期前预扣并向所得税主计长核算,而美国公司将只收到 4,250 美元。
10.5 DUE DATE FOR PAYMENT OF WITHHOLDING TAX
10.5 预扣税缴纳期限
The payer is obliged to pay over the tax withheld to the Comptroller of Income Tax (CIT) by the 15th of the second month following the date of actual payment or deemed payment to the non-resident. Payment of the tax withheld to the CIT must be accompanied by the Form IR 37.
付款人有义务在实际支付或视为向非居民付款之日后第二个月的 15 th 日之前向所得税主计长 (CIT) 缴纳预扣税款。向企业所得税缴纳的预扣税款必须附有 IR 37 表格。
Payment is defined as the earliest of the following dates:
付款定义为以下日期中最早的日期:
When payment is due and payable based on contract and in the absence of a contract, the date of invoice;
根据合同到期应付的款项,在没有合同的情况下,发票日期;
An amount is deemed to be paid “when the income is reinvested, accumulated, capitalized, carried to any reserve or credited to account however, designated, or otherwise dealt with on behalf of the non-resident person”. This condition occurs when the liability to pay the non-resident crystallizes although the income is not actually paid out to the recipient;
“当收入被再投资、积累、资本化、结转到任何储备金或记入账户时,无论以何种方式、指定或以其他方式代表非居民处理”,该金额被视为已支付。当向非居民支付的义务具体化时,就会发生这种情况,尽管收入实际上并未支付给收款人;
The date of actual payment.
实际付款的日期。
The date of payment for director’s fees is the date of approval of such director fees at the company’s Annual General Meeting.
董事费的支付日期是公司年度股东大会批准该董事费的日期。
Non-compliance with the payment of tax withheld to CIT by the payment deadline will result in the imposition of a 5% late payment penalty. An additional 1% late payment penalty will be levied for each completed month that the tax remains unpaid up to a maximum of 15% of the amount of tax outstanding. If tax is withheld but notice is not given to IRAS by the payment deadline, the penalty of 3 times the amount of tax payable and a maximum fine of $10,000 and/or a maximum jail term of 3 years can be imposed.
不遵守在付款期限前向企业所得税缴纳预扣税款将导致征收 5% 的滞纳金。对于未缴税款的每个完整月份,将额外征收 1% 的滞纳金,最高不超过未缴税款的 15%。如果预扣税款,但未在付款截止日期前通知IRAS,则可处以应缴税款3倍的罚款和最高10,000美元的罚款和/或最高3年的监禁。
10.6 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
10.6 教程问题
Question 1
第1项质询
Non-resident individuals who derive rental income from investment residential property located in Singapore will pay tax on the rental income at ______________.
从位于新加坡的投资住宅物业中获得租金收入的非居民个人将按______________缴纳租金收入税。
a. 10%
答:10%
b. 15%
湾 15%
c. 17%
约17%
d. 22%
Question 2
第2项质询
Non-resident individuals (stay for more than 60 days but less than 183 days) who derive employment income from Singapore will pay tax on the employment income at _______.
从新加坡获得就业收入的非居民个人(停留时间超过 60 天但少于 183 天)将按 _______ 缴纳就业收入税。
a. flat rate of 15% or the progressive resident rates, whichever results in a higher tax amount.
a. 15%的统一税率或累进的居民税率,以税额较高者为准。
b. 22%
湾 22%
c. 10%
约10%
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
Question 3
第3项质询
Which of the following statements relating to the tax treatment of an employee are FALSE?
以下关于雇员税务待遇的陈述中,哪一项是错误的?
(i) Emily, an Australian, is engaged to work in Singapore from 18 November 2019 to 31 December 2019. All her income sourced in Singapore will be tax exempt in YA 2020 since she exercised employment in Singapore for not more than 60 days in year 2020.
() Emily,澳大利亚人,受雇于2019年11月18日至2019年12月31日在新加坡工作。她在新加坡获得的所有收入将在 2020 年免税,因为她在 2020 年在新加坡工作不超过 60 天。
(ii) Mary, a Singaporean, was seconded to work with a subsidiary company in Vietnam for 1 year, starting from 1 July 2019. For the Year of Assessment 2020, she will be considered as a resident since her absence from Singapore is temporary.
(ii) Mary,新加坡人,自2019年7月1日起被借调到越南的一家子公司工作一年。在2020课税年度,她将被视为居民,因为她暂时不在新加坡。
(iii) Xiao Ling, from Taiwan, commenced her employment with a Singapore company on 1 August 2018 and her contract will end on 31 January 2019. She arrived in Singapore on 1 July 2018. She is considered a non-resident for YA 2019 as she exercised employment in Singapore for less than 183 days in 2018.
(iii) 来自台湾的萧玲于2018年8月1日开始受雇于一家新加坡公司,其合约将于2019年1月31日届满。她于2018年7月1日抵达新加坡。她被视为 2019 年非居民,因为她在 2018 年在新加坡工作不到 183 天。
a. (i) and (ii) only.
a. () 和 (ii) 仅。
b. (i) and (iii) only.
b. () 和 (iii) 仅。
c. (ii) and (iii)only.
c. (ii)及(iii)仅。
d. All of the above.
d. 以上所有。
Question 4
第4项质询
Which of the following statements relating to the tax treatment of a non-resident individual is/are FALSE?
以下关于非居民个人税务待遇的陈述中,哪一项是错误的?
(i) Singapore sourced employment income will be subject to tax based on the higher of 15% on non-resident basis or progressive tax rate on resident basis.
() 来自新加坡的就业收入将按非居民 15% 或居民累进税率(较高者)征税。
(ii) All Singapore sourced income apart from (i) will be taxed at 22%.
(ii) 除()外,所有来自新加坡的收入将按 22% 的税率征税。
(iii) All foreign sourced income will be taxed at 22% if they are remitted to Singapore.
(iii) 所有来自外国的收入如果汇往新加坡,将按 22% 的税率征税。
a. (i) and (ii).
a. () 和 (ii)。
b. (i) and (iii).
b. () 和 (iii)。
c. (ii) and (iii).
c. (二)和(三)。
d. (i), (ii) and (iii).
d. ()、(ii)和(iii)。
5. Interest income is deemed sourced in Singapore if ____________.
5. 如果____________,利息收入将被视为来自新加坡。
(i) Payment is borne by person in Singapore for a business carried on in Singapore
() 在新加坡经营的业务的付款由新加坡人承担
(ii) Payment is claimed for deduction against Singapore sourced income (of the payer)
(ii) 要求从新加坡来源的收入(付款人)中扣除付款
(iii)Payments in respect of loan or indebtedness for an immovable property in Singapore
(三)新加坡不动产贷款或债务的付款
a. (i) only.
a. () 仅。
b. (i) and (ii).
b. () 和 (ii)。
c. (i) and (iii).
c. () 和 (iii)。
*d. All of the above.
*d.以上所有。
6. Assuming no treaty relief, non-resident companies who derive interest income from Singapore will pay tax on the interest income at ________________.
6. 假设没有条约减免,从新加坡获得利息收入的非居民公司将按________________缴纳利息收入税。
a. 10%
答:10%
b.15%
c. 17%
约17%
d. 22%
7. Which of the following statements relating to withholding tax are FALSE?
7. 以下关于预扣税的陈述中,哪一项是错误的?
The responsibility to withhold tax on income deemed sourced in Singapore and paid to non-resident companies lies solely with the Singapore payer.
对于被视为来自新加坡并支付给非居民公司的收入,预扣税款的责任完全由新加坡付款人承担。
Interest payment to a non-resident company is generally subject to withholding tax at the rate of 15%. However, if any relevant double tax treaty provides for a reduced rate, the reduced rate will apply.
向非居民公司支付的利息通常按 15% 的税率缴纳预扣税。但是,如果任何相关的避免双重征税协定规定降低税率,则将适用降低的税率。
The amount of tax to be withheld is generally based on the gross payment due to the non-resident.
预扣的税款金额通常基于应付给非居民的总税款。
(i) and (ii) only.
() 和 (ii) 仅。
(i) and (iii) only.
() 和 (iii) 仅。
(ii) and (iii) only.
(ii)及(iii)只限于此。
d None of the above.
d 以上都不是。
8. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
8. 以下哪项陈述是正确的?
All payments made to non-residents are subject to withholding tax.
所有支付给非居民的款项均需缴纳预扣税。
The withholding tax must be paid by the 15th of the second month following date of payment to non-resident
预扣税必须在向非居民付款之日后第二个月的15 th 日之前支付
Tax must be withheld at 15% on payment made to a non-resident for technical services rendered in Singapore
在新加坡向非居民支付的技术服务必须按 15% 的税率预扣税款
a. (i) and (ii)
a. () 和 (ii)
b. (i) and (iii)
b. () 和 (iii)
c. (ii) only.
c. (ii) 仅。
d. All of the above.
d. 以上所有。
TOPIC 11: GOODS AND SERVICES TAX
主题11:商品及服务税
The Goods and Services Tax was implemented on 1 April 1994. The GST is a tax on domestic consumption. It is a multi-stage tax for which the tax burden is intended to fall on the final consumer.
商品和服务税于1994年4月1日实施。商品及服务税是对国内消费征税。它是一种多阶段的税收,税收负担旨在落在最终消费者身上。
Singapore’s GST is a broad-based consumption tax levied on the import of goods and services as well as nearly all supplies of goods and services in Singapore. The GST rate of 7%, effective since 1 July 2007, was increased to 8% from 1/1/2023 to 31/12/2023. It is further increased to 9% from 1/1/2024 onwards. For goods that are exported from Singapore and the supply of international services, the rate of GST is 0%.
新加坡的商品及服务税是一种基础广泛的消费税,对新加坡的商品和服务进口以及几乎所有商品和服务供应征收。自 2007 年 7 月 1 日起生效的 7% 的消费税税率从 2023 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 12 月 31 日提高到 8%。从 2024 年 1 月 1 日起,它进一步增加到 9%。对于从新加坡出口的商品和国际服务的供应,消费税的税率为0%。
11.1 CONCEPT AND COLLECTION OF MULTI-STAGE GST
11.1 多阶段商品及服务税的概念和征收
Sales price (Before GST) | Input Tax | Output Tax | Payment to IRAS |
$ | $ | $ | $ |
10.00 | 0.70 | 0.70 | |
50.00 | 0.70 | 3.50 | 2.80 |
70.00 | 3.50 | 4.90 | 1.40 |
Total GST paid to IRAS | $4.90 |
GST is a multi-stage tax for which the tax burden is intended to fall on the final consumer. The GST of $4.90 borne by the final consumer is collected through the various stages by GST registered suppliers.
商品及服务税是一种多阶段税,其税收负担旨在落在最终消费者身上。最终消费者承担的 4.90 澳元的 GST 由消费税注册供应商在各个阶段收取。
SCOPE
范围
GST is levied on
消费税被征收
goods and services supplied in Singapore;
在新加坡提供的商品和服务;
goods imported into Singapore; and
进口到新加坡的货物;和
services imported into Singapore under certain circumstance with effect from 1 January 2020 (but this will not be covered in our module).
自 2020 年 1 月 1 日起,在某些情况下进口到新加坡的服务(但这不会在我们的模块中涵盖)。
COLLECTION OF GST
商品及服务税的征收
GST is collected by the following collection agents:
商品及服务税由以下代收机构收取:
Persons who are registered with the Comptroller of GST.
在商品及服务税主计长处注册的人。
Customs and Excise Department for imported goods
香港海关进口货物
11.2 GST REGISTRATION
11.2 GST注册
Only persons who are registered with the Comptroller of GST can collect GST on goods and services supplied in Singapore and such persons are known as taxable persons.
只有在商品及服务税主计长处注册的人才可以对在新加坡供应的商品和服务征收商品及服务税,这些人被称为应税人员。
A taxable person includes
应纳税人包括
Companies (Private or Public);
公司(私人或公共);
Divisions or department within a legal entity;
法人实体内的部门或部门;
Sole proprietors;
独资经营者;
Partnerships;
伙伴 关系;
Non-profit organization;
非营利性组织;
Club, Association, Management Corporation; or Statutory Board or Government Body
俱乐部、协会、管理公司;或法定委员会或政府机构
Anyone who intends to or is making supplies of goods and services in Singapore can register for GST. There are two main types of GST registration.
任何打算或正在新加坡提供商品和服务的人都可以注册消费税。GST注册主要有两种类型。
11.2.1 Compulsory Registration
11.2.1 强制注册
A person is required to register for GST if his annual turnover (comprising supplies of goods and services that will be subject to GST) exceeds or is expected to exceed S$1,000,000. This is known as compulsory registration.
如果一个人的年营业额(包括需要缴纳商品及服务税的商品和服务的供应)超过或预计超过1,000,000新元,则需要注册商品及服务税。这被称为强制注册。
11.2.2 Voluntary Registration
11.2.2 自愿注册
For persons whose turnover is below $ 1,000,000 and/or is not expected to exceed $1,000,000 over the next 12 months, they can still volunteer to register provided
对于营业额低于 1,000,000 美元和/或预计在未来 12 个月内不会超过 1,000,000 美元的人,他们仍然可以自愿注册,前提是
they intend to make supplies of goods and services that will be subject to GST (as opposed to exempted from GST) and
他们打算提供需要缴纳商品及服务税(而不是免征商品及服务税)的商品和服务,并且
such supplies are made in the course or furtherance of a business.
此类供应是在业务过程中或促进业务过程中进行的。
Under voluntary registration, the trader must remain registered for two years.
在自愿注册的情况下,交易者必须保持注册两年。
11.3 SUPPLY OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN SINGAPORE
11.3 在新加坡供应商品和服务
For GST to be chargeable on a supply of goods or services, the following four conditions must be satisfied:
要对商品或服务的供应征收商品及服务税,必须满足以下四个条件:
1) The supply must be made in Singapore;
1)供应必须在新加坡进行;
2) The supply is a taxable supply;
2)供应是应税供应;
3) The supply is made by a taxable person; and
3)供应是由纳税人提供的;和
4) The supply is made in the course or furtherance of any business carried on by the taxable person.
4) 供应是在应纳税人进行的任何业务的过程中或促进过程中进行的。
What is Supply?
什么是供应?
A “supply” includes anything done for a consideration. It can be in the form of provision of tangible goods or the provision of services. However, under the GST Act, there are transactions that are treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services even though it is done for a consideration. For example, the transfer of business as a going concern is treated as excluded transactions for GST purposes.
“供应”包括为对价而做的任何事情。它可以是提供有形商品或提供服务的形式。但是,根据《商品及服务税法》,有些交易既不被视为商品供应,也不被视为服务供应,即使它是为有偿而进行的。例如,作为持续经营企业的业务转让被视为商品及服务税目的的排除交易。
Also, there are “transactions” that are treated as supplies for GST purposes even though there is no consideration involved. These supplies are known as deemed supplies. Private use of goods and business goods given away as gifts or samples are considered as deemed supplies.
此外,有些“交易”被视为商品及服务税的供应品,即使不涉及对价。这些耗材称为视同耗材。私人使用的商品和作为礼品或样品赠送的商业商品被视为供应品。
11.3.1 Place of Supply
11.3.1 供货地点
The place of supply is important as GST is chargeable on goods and services only if the supply is made in Singapore. If the place of supply is outside Singapore, the supply will be an out-of-scope supply.
供应地点很重要,因为只有在新加坡供应时,才对商品和服务征收商品及服务税。如果供应地点在新加坡以外,则供应将是超出范围的供应。
For goods, the supply is made at the place where the goods are removed from. Thus the place of supply is in Singapore when the goods are physically located in Singapore when the ownership of the goods is being transferred. Hence, for goods sold and delivered in Singapore, the place of supply is in Singapore. Similarly, goods in Singapore that are exported, the place of supply is also in Singapore.
对于货物,供应是在货物移走的地方进行的。因此,当货物的所有权转让时,当货物实际位于新加坡时,供应地点在新加坡。因此,对于在新加坡销售和交付的货物,供应地点在新加坡。同样,在新加坡出口的货物,供应地也在新加坡。
Example 1
示例 1
A local GST-registered company (A) sells goods to an overseas company (B) and is instructed to deliver the goods to B’s customer in Singapore. In this case, although the goods are sold to an overseas customer, A has to charge GST to B because the goods are located in Singapore when the ownership of the goods is transferred to B.
一家在当地注册商品及服务税的公司 (A) 向一家海外公司 (B) 销售货物,并被指示将货物交付给 B 在新加坡的客户。在这种情况下,虽然货物是卖给海外客户的,但A必须向B收取消费税,因为当货物的所有权转让给B时,货物位于新加坡。
Example 2
示例 2
A local GST-registered company (C) stores its goods in a warehouse in Malaysia. Subsequently, it sells goods to an overseas company (D). The goods are delivered from C’s Malaysian warehouse directly to a place outside Singapore. In this case, C does not have to charge GST as the goods are located outside Singapore when the ownership of the goods is transferred. Hence the place of supply is outside Singapore. This supply is an out-of-scope supply (or third country sale) which does not attract GST.
一家在当地注册商品及服务税的公司 (C) 将其货物存放在马来西亚的仓库中。随后,它向一家海外公司(D)出售货物。货物从C的马来西亚仓库直接运送到新加坡以外的地方。在这种情况下,C不必收取消费税,因为当货物所有权转让时,货物位于新加坡境外。因此,供应地点在新加坡境外。此供应是超出范围的供应(或第三国销售),不收取商品及服务税。
Services will be treated as made in Singapore if the supplier “belongs” in Singapore. Generally, a supplier will be considered to belong in Singapore if he has a business establishment or fixed establishment in Singapore or his usual place of residence (for company, it is the place where it is legally constituted) is in Singapore.
如果供应商“属于”新加坡,则服务将被视为新加坡制造。一般来说,如果供应商在新加坡有营业机构或固定机构,或者他的惯常居住地(对于公司来说,它是合法成立的地方)在新加坡,则该供应商将被视为属于新加坡。
11.3.2 Types of Supplies
11.3.2 耗材类型
GST can only be levied on supplies of goods and services that are taxable. Supplies for GST purposes can be broadly classified into two categories: taxable supply and non-taxable supply.
商品及服务税只能对应税商品和服务的供应征收。用于商品及服务税的供应品大致可分为两类:应税供应和非应税供应。
Taxable supply can be further classified into standard-rated supply and zero-rated supply. Non-taxable supply can be classified into exempt supply and out-of-scope supply. It is necessary to distinguish the different types of supply as it determines if a supply is subject to GST and the rate at which GST is chargeable. It also determines whether any input tax incurred to make such supplies is claimable. There are also deemed supplies which are treated as supplies even though there is no consideration involved.
应税供应可进一步分为标准税率供应和零税率供应。非应税供应可分为免税供应和超出范围供应。有必要区分不同类型的供应,因为它决定了供应是否需要缴纳商品及服务税以及应征收商品及服务税的税率。它还确定为制造此类供应品而产生的任何进项税是否可报销。还有一些被视为供应品,即使不涉及对价,也被视为供应品。
Non-Taxable Supplies
非应税供应品
1) Exempt Supplies
1) 豁免用品
These are supplies that are specifically exempted from GST under the Fourth Schedule to the GST Act. They include the provision of financial services (eg operation of current, deposit or savings account, share issues and share transfers), sale and lease of residential properties and the importation and local supply of investment precious metals (IPM). No GST needs to be charged on exempt supplies.
这些是根据《商品及服务税法》附表四明确免征商品及服务税的供应品。这些服务包括提供金融服务(例如操作往来账户、存款账户或储蓄账户、股份发行和股份转让)、住宅物业的销售和租赁以及投资贵金属(IPM)的进口和本地供应。免税供应无需收取商品及服务税。
2) Out of Scope Supplies
2) 超出范围的耗材
Out-of-scope supplies refer to supplies which are outside the scope of the GST Act. They also include supplies where the place of supply is outside of Singapore. No GST needs to be charged on out-of-scope supplies.
超出范围的供应品是指《商品及服务税法》范围之外的供应品。它们还包括供应地点在新加坡境外的供应品。无需对超出范围的供应收取消费税。
Examples of Out of Scope Supplies
超出范围的耗材示例
Salaries paid to employees for their services
支付给员工服务的工资
Sales where goods are delivered from a place outside Singapore to another place outside Singapore, e.g. third country sales where the goods do not enter Singapore
将货物从新加坡境外的某个地方运送到新加坡境外的另一个地方的销售,例如货物未进入新加坡的第三国销售
Sales not made in the course or furtherance of business (e.g. private transactions)
非在业务过程中或促进业务过程中进行的销售(例如私人交易)
Sales made within Zero GST warehouses and Free Trade Zone
在零消费税仓库和自由贸易区内进行的销售
Taxable Supplies
应税用品
1) Zero-rated Supplies
1) 零额定电源
GST is charged at 0%. There are two categories of zero-rated supply:
消费税按0%收取。零额定供应分为两类:
Export of goods
货物出口
Exporter must keep proper documentary evidence (e.g. packing list, bill of lading or airway bill) to show that the goods were indeed exported.
出口商必须保留适当的文件证据(例如装箱单、提单或空运单),以证明货物确实已出口。
Provision of international services
提供国际服务
The GST Act provides a list of international services. Broadly, these services are related to goods (including buildings) located outside Singapore or services provided to persons belonging to a country outside Singapore.
《商品及服务税法》提供了一份国际服务清单。从广义上讲,这些服务与位于新加坡境外的商品(包括建筑物)或向属于新加坡境外国家的人提供的服务有关。
2) Standard-rated Supplies
2) 标准额定耗材
These are supply of all domestic goods and services which is not covered in the above types of supplies and the rate of 7% will apply.
这些是上述类型的供应不包括的所有国内商品和服务的供应,并将适用 7% 的税率。
Deemed Supplies
视同供应品
Goods which are assets of the GST-registered person are sometimes permanently disposed of, transferred, or applied to non-business use. Although there is no consideration received, for GST purposes, supplies are considered to be made and hence such supplies are considered as “deemed supplies”. The rationale behind this is that if supplies were not deemed, the goods are being enjoyed by the recipient tax free, while input tax incurred on the purchase of the goods would have been claimed by the business.
作为商品及服务税注册人资产的货物有时会被永久处置、转让或用于非商业用途。虽然没有收到对价,但就商品及服务税而言,供应品被视为制造,因此此类供应品被视为“视同供应品”。其背后的理由是,如果不考虑供应,则收货人可以免税享用货物,而购买货物所产生的进项税将由企业申报。
The following are examples of deemed supplies:
以下是视为供应品的示例:
Benefits provided to employees
为员工提供的福利
Goods and services that are given free to employees are known as fringe benefits. Generally, output GST has to be accounted for on the goods given to employees or for temporary use by employees except when it relates to:
免费提供给员工的商品和服务被称为附加福利。一般来说,消费税的销项必须对提供给员工或员工临时使用的商品进行会计核算,除非它与以下方面有关:
Free food or beverage catered for employees or the provision of free accommodation in a hotel, inn, boarding house or similar establishment;
为员工提供免费食物或饮料,或在酒店、旅馆、寄宿公寓或类似场所提供免费住宿;
Gifts costing not more than $200 each (exclusive of GST); or
每件礼物价格不超过 200 美元(不包括消费税);或
The taxable person chooses not to claim input tax credit for the GST incurred on the goods, no output tax needs to be accounted for when he subsequently gives away those goods for free or lets his employees use them at no charge. However, the input GST expensed off to Profit and Loss Account is not deductible for income tax purposes.
应纳税人选择不为商品产生的商品及服务税申请进项税抵免,当他随后免费赠送这些商品或让他的员工免费使用这些商品时,无需考虑销项税。但是,记入损益账户的进项商品及服务税不能扣除所得税。
The input GST was not allowed for credit on the purchase of the goods (see below under “Disallowed input tax credit”.
进项商品及服务税不允许用于购买商品的抵免(见下文“不允许的进项税抵免”)。
The goods were purchased from a non-GST registered merchant and hence there is no GST charged on the purchase.
这些商品是从非消费税注册商家处购买的,因此购买时不收取消费税。
Gifts to and samples to customers
给客户的礼物和样品
When goods are given away for free, a supply is seen to be made to the recipient even though no GST was charged to the recipient as the goods were given for free. However, the donor / giver still needs to account the output GST based on the Open Market Value (OMV) of the goods except when:
当商品免费赠送时,即使由于商品是免费赠送的,因此没有向收件人收取消费税,也被视为向收件人供应。但是,捐赠者/捐赠者仍需根据商品的公开市场价值 (OMV) 核算商品及服务税的销项,但以下情况除外:
The cost of the gift is not more than $200 (exclusive of GST); or
礼物的费用不超过 200 美元(不包括消费税);或
No credit for input tax was claimed on the purchase or import of those goods. That is, if the gift was purchased from a non-GST registered business or the donor choose not to claim input tax credit for the GST incurred on the goods or the input tax credit is disallowed, the output tax need not be accounted when the goods are given to customers for free.
没有要求对购买或进口这些货物抵免进项税。也就是说,如果礼物是从非商品及服务税注册企业购买的,或者捐赠者选择不申请商品消费税的进项税抵免,或者不允许进项税抵免,则在免费向客户赠送商品时无需核算销项税。
The samples are given to actual or potential customers and the samples are not normally for sale to the general public.
样品是提供给实际或潜在客户的,样品通常不会出售给公众。
11.3.3 Supply made by a Taxable Person
11.3.3 应纳税人提供的
GST is only charged on taxable supplies supplied by a GST-registered person. The rules for GST registration have been discussed above.
GST仅对GST注册人提供的应税供应品收取。上面已经讨论了GST注册的规则。
11.3.4 Supply must be made in the course or furtherance of business
11.3.4 必须在业务过程中或业务推进过程中进行
GST will be chargeable if the sale is carried on in the normal course of the business of the taxable person. However, if the supply is made by the taxable person in his personal capacity, GST is not chargeable on this personal transaction. For example, if a GST-registered trader sells his personal stamp collection, GST is not chargeable on this sale.
如果销售是在纳税人的正常业务过程中进行的,则应征收商品及服务税。但是,如果应纳税人以个人身份提供,则不对该个人交易征收商品及服务税。例如,如果一个注册了商品及服务税的商人出售他的个人邮票收藏,则不收取消费税。
11.4 IMPORT OF GOODS
11.4 货物进口
GST is chargeable on all imported goods (whether for domestic consumption, sale, or re-export), regardless of whether the importer is GST-registered or not. The importer is required to take up the appropriate import permit and pay GST upon importation of the goods into Singapore.
所有进口商品(无论是国内消费、销售还是再出口)均需缴纳商品及服务税,无论进口商是否已注册商品及服务税。进口商在将货物进口到新加坡时,必须获得适当的进口许可证并支付商品及服务税。
At the point of importation, GST is charged on the value of import. The value of import will be the CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) value, all duties payable (as assessed by Singapore Customs), commission and other incidental charges
在进口时,消费税是按进口价值收取的。进口价值将是CIF(成本、保险和运费)价值、所有应付关税(由新加坡海关评估)、佣金和其他杂费
Import GST is not chargeable under the following circumstances:
在以下情况下,进口商品及服务税不征收:
Importation of investment precious metals
投资贵金属进口
Importation of goods that are specifically given GST reliefs under the GST Act as follows:
根据《商品及服务税法》明确给予商品及服务税减免的商品的进口,具体如下:
a) Imports by parcel post
a) 通过包裹邮寄进口
GST need not be paid for goods imported by parcel post (except for dutiable products) if the CIF value is not more than S$400. When the CIF value is more than S$400, the entire sum is subjected to GST.
如果CIF价值不超过400新元,则无需为包裹邮寄进口的货物(应课税产品除外)支付商品及服务税。当CIF价值超过400新元时,全部金额需缴纳消费税。
b) Temporary imports
b) 临时进口
Importation of goods into Zero-GST warehouses administered by Singapore Customs
将货物进口到新加坡海关管理的零消费税仓库
Importation of goods by GST-registered businesses that are under Major Exporter Scheme or other approved schemes.
在主要出口商计划或其他批准计划下注册商品及服务税的企业进口货物。
11.5 IMPORT OF SERVICES
11.5 服务进口
Up to 31 December 2019, GST was not chargeable on import of services (i.e. services provided by suppliers belonging outside Singapore). In Budget 2018, it was announced that GST will be levied on imported services with effect from 1 January 2020.
截至 2019 年 12 月 31 日,进口服务(即由新加坡境外供应商提供的服务)无需缴纳商品及服务税。在2018年财政预算案中,政府宣布由2020年1月1日起对进口服务征收消费税。
11.6 TIME OF SUPPLY
11.6 供货时间
The time of supply is important as it determines when the taxable person should charge GST on the supply as well as when to account the GST with the Comptroller. Effective 1 January 2015, GST registered persons need to account the output GST at the earlier of:
供应时间很重要,因为它决定了纳税人何时应该对供应征收商品及服务税,以及何时向主计长核算商品及服务税。自 2015 年 1 月 1 日起,消费税注册人需要在以下日期(以较早者为准)缴纳消费税:
Date of issue of tax invoice for that supply; or
该供应的税务发票开具日期;或
Date of receipt of payment
收到付款的日期
11.7 VALUE OF SUPPLY
11.7 供应价值
GST is charged on the value of the supply of goods and services. The general rules to determine the value of supply are as follows:
商品及服务税是根据商品和服务供应的价值收取的。确定供应价值的一般规则如下:
Where money consideration is used, the consideration is treated to be inclusive of GST. In other words, money consideration = value of supply + GST
如果使用金钱对价,则该对价被视为包含商品及服务税。换句话说,货币对价 = 供应价值 + 商品及服务税
Where money consideration is not used, the value of supply is the open market value;
在不使用货币对价的情况下,供应价值为公开市场价值;
Where trade discounts or cash discounts are given, the value of supply is net of discounts.
在给予贸易折扣或现金折扣的情况下,供应价值为折扣净额。
For example, the price of a jug of draft beer is $25 (not inclusive of GST). A 10% discount is given to regular customers. Hence the total price payable by a non-regular customer would be $26.75 ($25 x 107%) while a regular customer would pay $24.08 ($25 x 90% x 107%).
例如,一罐生啤酒的价格为 25 美元(不包括消费税)。普通客户可享受 10% 的折扣。因此,非普通客户应支付的总价格为 26.75 美元(25 美元 x 107%),而普通客户应支付 24.08 美元(25 美元 x 90% x 107%)。
For deemed supplies, the value of supply is generally the cost incurred to the business.
对于视同供应,供应价值通常是企业产生的成本。
It should be noted that a GST-registered person is required to show and quote GST-inclusive prices on all prices displayed, advertised, published or quoted for any supply of goods or services made by him.
应该注意的是,GST注册人必须显示和报价所有显示、宣传、公布或报价的商品或服务供应价格。
11.8 INPUT TAX CREDITS
11.8 进项税抵免
A registered trader will be able to claim credits for input GST paid on goods and services supplied to him and import of goods which are used for the purpose of his business in the making of taxable supplies.
注册贸易商将能够申请抵免为供应给他的商品和服务支付的进项商品及服务税,以及用于其业务目的的货物的进口,以制造应税供应品。
Conditions for claiming input tax
申报进项税的条件
The claimant must be GST-registered;
索赔人必须已注册商品及服务税;
The goods or services must have been supplied to the claimant or the goods have been imported by the claimant.
货物或服务必须已提供给索赔人,或者货物必须由索赔人进口。
The goods or services are used or to be used for the purpose of the claimant’s business. Some examples of non-business activities are purely private or personal activities, free activities provided without commercial reasons, activities with non-business objectives in philanthropic, religious, political, patriotic or public domain.
货物或服务用于或将用于索赔人的业务目的。非商业活动的一些例子是纯粹的私人或个人活动,没有商业原因提供的免费活动,在慈善、宗教、政治、爱国或公共领域具有非商业目的的活动。
The input tax is directly attributable to taxable supplies (i.e. standard-rated supplies and zero-rated supplies), or out-of-scope supplies which would be taxable supplies if made in Singapore (e.g. third country sale of goods).
进项税直接归因于应税供应品(即标准税率供应品和零税率供应品),或如果在新加坡制造,则属于应税供应品的范围外供应品(例如第三国销售货物)。
The input tax claims are not specifically disallowed under Regulation 26 and 27 of the GST (General) Regulations.
根据《商品及服务税(一般)条例》第26条和第27条,进项税申报并未明确禁止。
Disallowed Input Tax Credits
不允许的进项税抵免
The following input tax cannot be claimed which are also known as Blocked input tax:
以下进项税不能申报,也称为冻结进项税:
Club subscription fees (including transfer fees) charged by sporting and recreational clubs;
体育和娱乐俱乐部收取的俱乐部订阅费(包括转会费);
Medical expenses incurred by staff unless they are mandatory under the Work Injury Compensation Act or under any collective agreement within the meaning of the Industrial Relations Act;
工作人员的医疗费用,除非根据《工伤赔偿法》或《劳资关系法》所指的任何集体协议是强制性的;
Medical and accident insurance premiums incurred for your staff unless the insurance or payment of compensation is mandatory under the Work Injury Compensation Act or under any collective agreement within the meaning of the Industrial Relations Act;
为您的员工支付的医疗和意外保险费,除非根据《工伤赔偿法》或《劳资关系法》所指的任何集体协议,保险或赔偿金的支付是强制性的;
Benefits provided to the family members or relatives of your staff;
向员工的家庭成员或亲属提供的福利;
Costs and running expenses incurred on private registered motor cars;
私人注册汽车的成本和运行费用;
Expenses incurred on company cars of which the COE has been renewed or extended on or after 1 April 1998;
在1998年4月1日或之后更新或延长COE的公司汽车所发生的费用;
Expenses incurred on rental cars hired for use on or after 1 July 1999; and
1999年7月1日或之后租用的汽车的费用;和
Any transaction involving betting, sweepstakes, lotteries, fruit machines or games of chance.
任何涉及投注、抽奖、彩票、水果机或机会游戏的交易。
Input tax which is directly attributable to exempt supplies is also not recoverable.
直接归因于免税供应品的进项税也无法收回。
11.9 ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
11.9 行政事项
GST is levied at the time of supply. In other words, GST at 7% or 0% must be included in the tax invoice issued as well as collected from the customer for the supply made. The GST collected is then to be accounted by the taxable person periodically to the Comptroller of GST via GST Form F5. All GST-registered persons must file their GST returns electronically.
商品及服务税在供应时征收。换言之,7% 或 0% 的 GST 必须包含在开具的税务发票中,并从客户那里收取供应费用。然后,应纳税人将通过GST表格F5定期向GST主计长核算所征收的GST。所有已注册商品及服务税的人都必须以电子方式提交商品及服务税申报表。
The period of interval during which the taxable person must account to the IRAS is known as the Prescribed Accounting Period. The usual prescribed accounting period is three months. The period may end in any month of the year depending on the accounting cycle you belong to. For example, if your accounting year end is 31 December, the prescribed accounting period for GST reporting will be for the 3 months ending 31 March, 30 June, 30 September and 31 December.
应纳税人必须向IRAS核算的间隔期称为规定会计期。通常规定的会计期限为三个月。该期间可能在一年中的任何月份结束,具体取决于您所属的会计周期。例如,如果您的会计年度结束日期为 12 月 31 日,则 GST 报告的规定会计期间为截至 3 月 31 日、6 月 30 日、9 月 30 日和 12 月 31 日的 3 个月。
A company can request for a shorter period of one month or longer period of 6 months for submission of returns
公司可以要求更短的一个月或更长的 6 个月来提交申报表
The DUE DATES to file the GST Returns is One Month after the end of the prescribed accounting period.
提交商品及服务税申报表的截止日期是规定的会计期结束后一个月。
A taxable person who ceases to be registered for GST purposes is required to furnish a final return GST F8 not later than one month after ceasing to be registered.
停止为消费税目的注册的纳税人必须在停止注册后一个月内提交最终申报表 GST F8。
OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
罪行和处罚
Any non-compliance with the relevant rules and regulations resulting in any shortfall of GST payable will result in the payment of the shortfall, plus penalties (up to a number of times of the tax short paid and late interest). In instances where such underpayment to or refunds from the Comptroller were made with fraudulent intent, fines and all terms may be imposed.
任何不遵守相关规则和条例导致应付商品及服务税短缺的情况将导致支付差额,并处以罚款(最多为少缴税款和滞纳金的数倍)。如果主计长少付或退款是出于欺诈意图,可能会处以罚款和所有条款。
A penalty will be imposed when the Comptroller is satisfied that a person has willfully, with intent to evade tax, or to assist any other person to evade tax.
如果主计长确信某人故意、意图逃税或协助任何其他人逃税,将处以罚款。
The Comptroller may, assess, by way of penalty for an offence, a penal tax not exceeding three times the amount of tax which has been undercharged or which would have been undercharged if the fraud had not been detected.
主计长可以对违法行为处以处罚的方式,评估不超过少收税款或未发现欺诈行为而应少收税款三倍的刑罚税。
The offences under the GST Act includes the following:
《商品及服务税法》规定的违法行为包括:
Failure to register (max. fine of $10,000 and 10% penalty on tax due so far)
未登记(最高罚款 10,000 美元及 10% 的应缴税款罚款)
For non/late submission of GST return (Fine not exceeding $5,000 and imprisonment not exceeding 6 months for non-payment)
未提交/逾期提交消费税申报表(不缴税将被处以不超过$5,000的罚款及不超过6个月的监禁)
Filing incomplete GST returns (penalty up to 2 times tax undercharged + maximum fine of $5,000 and/or imprisonment up to 3 years)
提交不完整的商品及服务税申报表(罚款最高 2 倍少收税款 + 最高罚款 5,000 美元和/或最高 3 年监禁)
Failure to pay GST on due dates (penalty 5% + 2% every month, up to 50%)
未按到期日缴纳消费税(罚款每月 5% + 2%,最高 50%)
Tax Evasion - Penalty of 3x the tax evaded, max. fine of $10,000 and/or jail term of 7 years
逃税 - 逃税罚款 3 倍,最高罚款 10,000 美元和/或监禁 7 年
11.10 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
11.10 教程问题
1. Which of the following is a standard rated taxable supply?
1. 以下哪项是标准评税应税供应?
i. Sale of mobile phones by a GST registered trader to customers in Singapore
.GST注册商家向新加坡客户销售手机
ii. Sale of mobile phones by a GST registered trader to customers in Thailand
ii. GST注册商户向泰国客户销售手机
ii. Provision of financial services by a GST registered bank in Singapore
ii. 由在新加坡注册的消费税银行提供金融服务
a. (i) only.
a. () 仅。
b. (i) and (ii).
b. () 和 (ii)。
c. (ii) and (iii).
c. (二)和(三)。
d. All of the above.
d. 以上所有。
2. During a sale, the retailer decided to offer 20% discount on a sofa set, which normally retails at $9,000. What is the GST chargeable on the sofa set?
2. 在促销期间,零售商决定为一套沙发提供 20% 的折扣,通常零售价为 9,000 美元。沙发套装的消费税是多少?
a. $630
a. 630 美元
b. $787.50
湾。 787.50美元
c. $500
c. 500 美元
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
3. Alliance is a GST-registered company (financial year end 30 June) that manufactures and sells car tyres. On 28 March 2019, it delivered goods to a customer. The invoice was raised on 31 March 2019 and payment was received on 30 April 2019. What is the time of supply?
3. Alliance是一家在GST注册的公司(截至6月30日的财政年度),生产和销售汽车轮胎。2019年3月28日,该公司向客户交付货物。发票于2019年3月31日开具,付款于2019年4月30日收到。供应时间是什么时候?
a. 28 March 2019.
a. 2019年3月28日。
b. 31 March 2019.
生于2019年3月31日。
c. 30 April 2019.
约2019年4月30日。
d. 30 June 2019
卒于2019年6月30日
4. A GST registered trader sells a washing machine at a 15% discount off the selling price of $590, inclusive of GST. What is the GST chargeable on the washing machine?
4. GST注册商家以590澳元售价(含消费税)的15%折扣出售洗衣机。洗衣机的消费税是多少?
a. $37.17
答:37.17 美元
b. $41.30
湾. 41.30 美元
c. $32.81
约32.81美元
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
5. ABC Ltd, a GST registered company, bought a laptop from a GST registered trader for $1,500. It gave the laptop to an employee as an award. What is the net GST position (output GST-input tax) of ABC Ltd?
5. ABC Ltd 是一家 GST 注册公司,以 1,500 美元的价格从 GST 注册交易员那里购买了一台笔记本电脑。它把笔记本电脑作为奖励送给了一名员工。ABC Ltd的GST净头寸(销项GST进项税)是多少?
a. $0
a. 0 美元
b. ($105)
b. ($105)
c. $105
约105美元
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
6. Which of the following statements are TRUE?
6. 以下哪项陈述是正确的?
(i) Goods and Services Tax (GST) is chargeable on all supplies of goods and services made in Singapore.
() 商品及服务税 (GST) 适用于在新加坡生产的所有商品和服务供应。
(ii) Output tax needs to be accounted for by a company for a hamper worth $150 given to its customer.
(ii) 公司需要为给客户的价值 150 美元的礼篮计算销项税。
(iii) Input tax can be claimed on all purchases made by a business.
(iii) 企业的所有购买都可以申请进项税。
a. (i) only.
a. () 仅。
b. (i) and (ii).
b. () 和 (ii)。
c. (ii) and (iii).
c. (二)和(三)。
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
7. Which of the following statements are TRUE?
7. 以下哪项说法是正确的?
(i) Goods and Services Tax (GST) is chargeable on importation of all goods into Singapore.
() 所有进口到新加坡的商品均需缴纳商品及服务税 (GST)。
(ii) Output tax needs to be accounted for by a company making a sale of private residential property.
(ii) 销项税须由出售私人住宅物业的公司核算。
(iii) The due date to file the GST Returns is one month after the end of the prescribed accounting period.
(iii) 提交商品及服务税申报表的截止日期为规定会计期结束后一个月。
a. (i) only.
a. () 仅。
b. (i) and (ii).
b. () 和 (ii)。
c. (ii) and (iii).
c. (二)和(三)。
d. (iii) only.
d. (iii) 仅。
8. Which of the following statements are TRUE?
8. 以下哪项陈述是正确的?
(i) The time of supply on where Goods and Services Tax (GST) need to be charged is the earlier of the date of invoice or date of receipt of payment.
() 需要收取商品及服务税 (GST) 的供应时间为发票日期或收到付款日期的较早者。
(ii) Input tax credit cannot be claimed on expenses incurred on private cars.
(ii) 私家车的开支不能申请进项税抵免。
(iii) The due date to file the GST Returns is one month after the end of the prescribed accounting period.
(iii) 提交商品及服务税申报表的截止日期为规定会计期结束后一个月。
a. (i) only.
a. () 仅。
b. (i) and (ii).
b. () 和 (ii)。
c. (ii) and (iii).
c. (二)和(三)。
d. All of the above.
d. 以上所有。
9. ABC Pte Ltd is in the business of selling toys. The following information relates to the financial period ended 30 September 2019:
9. ABC Pte Ltd从事玩具销售业务。以下信息与截至2019年9月30日的财务期间有关:
Sales to local customers | $3,000,000 |
Sales to overseas customers | $450,000 |
Less: Expenses | |
Purchases of toys from GST registered wholesalers | $160,000 |
Purchases of toys from non-GST registered wholesalers | $50,000 |
Salaries | $120,000 |
What is the net GST position of ABC Pte Ltd?
ABC Pte Ltd的净GST头寸是多少?
a. $198,800
a. 198 800美元
b. $239,300
b. 239 300美元
c. $218,400
约218 400美元
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
10. DEF Pte Ltd is in the business of selling clothes. The following information relates to the financial period ended 30 June 2019:
10. DEF Pte Ltd从事服装销售业务。以下信息与截至2019年6月30日止的财政期间有关:
Sales to local customers | $2,000,000 |
Less: Expenses | |
Purchases of clothes from GST registered suppliers | $800,000 |
Maintenance of private plated cars by GST registered supplier | $5,000 |
Salaries | $300,000 |
What is the net GST position of DEF Pte Ltd?
DEF Pte Ltd的净GST头寸是多少?
a. $84,000
a. 84,000美元
b. $62,650
b. 62 650美元
c. $63,000
c. 63 000美元
d. None of the above.
d. 以上都不是。
TOPIC 12: ADMINISTRATION OF SINGAPORE TAXATION
主题12:新加坡税务管理
The Inland Authority of Singapore (IRAS) acts as an agent for the Government in the administration, assessment and collection of the various types of taxes. IRAS is a statutory board. The Commissioner of Inland Revenue, appointed by the Minister for Finance heads the IRAS. He is responsible for the proper administration and management of the functions and affairs of IRAS. He may appoint any persons to assist in this duty.
新加坡税务局 (IRAS) 是政府在管理、评估和征收各种税款方面的代理人。IRAS是一个法定委员会。税务局局长由财政部长任命,负责IRAS。彼负责妥善行政及管理IRAS的职能及事务。他可以指定任何人协助履行这项职责。
12.1TYPES OF RETURN
12.1退货类型
The return is an annual form that lists the details of income of the taxpayer. It is commonly known as the income tax return or income tax form.
纳税申报表是一份年度表格,列出了纳税人的收入详情。它通常被称为所得税申报表或所得税表。
Form B Self-employed Resident Individual
表格B自雇居民个人
Form B1 Resident Individual (not self-employed)
表格 B1 居民个人(非自雇人士)
Form M Non – Resident Individual
表格 M 非居民个人
Form C / C-S Companies
表格 C / C-S 公司
Form P Partnership
表格 P 合伙企业
Form P1 Club, Management Corporations, Pension and provident Fund
表格 P1 俱乐部、管理公司、养老金和公积金
Form P2 Charitable Institution
表格 P2 慈善机构
Form T Estates, Trustees
表格 T 遗产、受托人
The gazetted due date is normally 15 April for all return forms except for Form C which is due on 30 November together with a copy of the audited or non-audited accounts whichever is applicable. To encourage online filing of tax returns, the due date for online filing has been extended to 18 April for resident individuals. From Y/A 2021, all companies will be required to e-file the Corporate Tax Returns by 30 November 2021.
除表格C外,所有报税表的报税期通常为4月15日,表格C的截止日期为11月30日,并附上经审计或未经审计账目的副本(以适用者为准)。为鼓励网上报税,居民个人网上报税的截止日期已延长至4月18日。从 2021 年全年开始,所有公司都必须在 2021 年 11 月 30 日之前以电子方式提交公司纳税申报表。
If the individual tax return is not received by 31 March of the tax year, the taxpayer must notify the Comptroller of Income Tax. For individuals who have just arrived in Singapore during the Y/A and is chargeable to tax, he is required to inform the CIT within one month from the date of his arrival.
如果在纳税年度的3月31日之前未收到个人纳税申报表,纳税人必须通知所得税主计长。对于在Y/A期间刚抵达新加坡并需纳税的个人,他必须在抵达之日起一个月内通知CIT部门。
Since 2007, the CIT has implemented the No-Filing Service. This service applies to individual taxpayers who only have income that has been submitted to the CIT under the Auto-Inclusion Scheme (“ÄIS”) by their employers (see Form IR 8A below). The CIT will then issue the Notice of Assessment based on the information provided under the AIS and standard tax reliefs will automatically be included. Nonetheless, taxpayers would still need to file their tax returns under the following circumstances
自 2007 年以来,CIT 实施了无申请服务。这项服务适用于个人纳税人,他们的收入仅由其雇主根据自动纳入计划(“ÄIS”)提交给企业所得税(见下面的IR 8A表格)。然后,CIT将根据AIS提供的信息发布评估通知,标准税收减免将自动包括在内。尽管如此,在以下情况下,纳税人仍需要提交纳税申报表
They derive income from other employers not participating in the AIS; or
他们从不参与AIS的其他雇主那里获得收入;或
They derive income from other sources (e.g. rental income, freelance work, etc.);
他们从其他来源获得收入(例如租金收入、自由职业者工作等);
Changes need to be made to their tax relief claims (e.g. birth of a new child, passing of a parent on whom the Parent Relief was claimed previously); or
需要对他们的税收减免申请进行更改(例如,新生儿的出生、以前申请父母减免的父母去世);或
New reliefs/rebates to claim (e.g. sharing in Parent Relief with siblings.
申请新的减免/回扣(例如,与兄弟姐妹分享父母减免。
Returns furnished by employers
雇主提供的申报表
Form IR 8A: Return of Employee’s Remuneration
表格 IR 8A:雇员薪酬申报表
This form is to be prepared by the employer for each employee by 1 March each year. Employees will include full-time resident employees (whether Singaporeans, PRs or foreigners), part-time resident employees, non-resident employees, company directors (both resident and non-resident) and pensioners.
该表格由雇主在每年3月1日之前为每位雇员准备。员工将包括全职居民雇员(无论是新加坡人、永久居民还是外国人)、兼职居民雇员、非居民雇员、公司董事(居民和非居民)和养老金领取者。
The Form IR8A provides details of the total remuneration (including benefits-in-kind) paid to the employee during the calendar year. The following supplementary forms provide further details on the relevant benefits:
IR8A表格提供在历年内支付给雇员的总薪酬(包括实物福利)的详情。以下补充表格提供了有关福利的进一步详细信息:
Appendix 8A: Benefits-in-kind
附录8A:实物福利
Appendix 8B: Gains or profits from Employee Stock Option plans or other forms of employee share ownership schemes.
附录8B:员工股票期权计划或其他形式的员工持股计划的收益或利润。
Appendix 8C: Excess CPF contributions
附录8C:超额公积金缴款
The employee will then submit the Form IR 8A as well as any relevant supplementary forms together with his income tax return to the CIT. These forms need not be submitted if the employee’s remuneration is under the “auto inclusion scheme. This scheme allows employers to submit their employees’ income information to IRAS electronically. The employment income information will be shown on the employees’ electronic tax return and automatically included in their income tax assessments. The Form IR8A is therefore not required if the employer participates in the scheme.
然后,员工将向 CIT 提交 IR 8A 表格以及任何相关的补充表格以及他的所得税申报表。如果员工的薪酬属于“自动纳入计划”,则无需提交这些表格。该计划允许雇主以电子方式向IRAS提交其雇员的收入信息。就业收入信息将显示在雇员的电子纳税申报表上,并自动包含在他们的所得税评估中。因此,如果雇主参与该计划,则不需要填写IR8A表格。
Auto Inclusion Scheme
自动包含方案
Participation in this scheme is compulsory for employers with 11 or more employees or who have received a notification from IRAS to do so.
拥有 11 名或更多雇员或已收到 IRAS 通知的雇主必须参加该计划。
Form IR 21: Notification of employee’s cessation of employment or departure from Singapore
表格 IR 21:员工停止雇佣关系或离开新加坡的通知
Employers are required to seek tax clearance for their non-Singapore citizen employees when they cease employment with the company or when they leave Singapore for more than 3 months. The employer is required to submit the form at least 1 month before the date of cessation of employment or the expected date of departure. Further, the employer must retain/withhold any monies payable to the employee until CIT gives the tax clearance or upon expiry of 30 days after submission of the Form IR 21.
当非新加坡公民雇员停止与公司合作或离开新加坡超过 3 个月时,雇主必须为他们寻求清税。雇主必须在终止雇佣关系日期或预计离职日期前至少 1 个月提交表格。此外,雇主必须保留/预扣任何应付给雇员的款项,直到 CIT 提供清税或提交 IR 21 表格后 30 天到期。
12.2 Estimate of Chargeable Income
12.2 应课税入息的估计
All companies must file an estimate of its chargeable income (ECI) within 3 months from the end of accounting year.
所有公司必须在会计年度结束后的 3 个月内提交其应课税收入 (ECI) 的估算。
As an administrative concession, companies whose revenue is not more than $5 million for the basis financial year and whose ECI before deduction of exempt income (under either partial or start-up tax exemption scheme) is NIL, need not file an ECI with the CIT.
作为行政优惠,如果公司的收入在基准财政年度不超过500万美元,且扣除免税收入(根据部分或初创免税计划)前的ECI为零,则无需向CIT提交ECI。
12.3 ASSESSMENTS
12.3 评估
Assessments are issued by the CIT based on returns submitted by taxpayers.
企业所得税局根据纳税人提交的纳税申报表进行评估。
ORIGINAL ASSESSMENT will be issued either:
原始评估将发布:
Upon returns submitted; or
提交申报表后;或
Where no returns are submitted, based on estimates submitted by the taxpayer CIT’s own estimate.
未提交申报表的,根据纳税人提交的估算,CIT 自己的估算。
ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENT will be issued if the original assessment previously raised proved to be less than the final tax assessed.
如果先前提出的原始评估被证明低于最终评估的税款,则将发布额外评估。
AMENDED ASSESSMENT will be raised if the final tax assessed is less than the original and or any additional assessments previously raised. A refund of the tax overpaid previously will be made.
如果最终评估的税款低于原来的税款和/或之前提出的任何其他评估,则将提高修订后的评估。将退还之前多付的税款。
12.4 ERRORS OR MISTAKES IN RETURN
12.4 错误或回报错误
If a taxpayer determines that some error or mistake was made in the return submitted thus resulting in an assessment issued on him that is excessive or an understatement of the amount of unabsorbed loss, allowance or donation that may be carried forward, the taxpayer has up to 4 years from the end of the relevant Y/A to request for the assessment to be amended. The request must be made in writing. The CIT will amend the assessment if it is of the view that the error is reasonable and just and the error was not due to the practice of the CIT prevailing at the time the tax return was filed.
如果纳税人确定在提交的报税表中出现了一些错误或错误,从而导致对他发出的评税过高或少报了可能结转的未吸收损失、免税额或捐赠金额,则纳税人在相关年度结束后最多 4 年内要求修改评税。该请求必须以书面形式提出。如果税务局认为该错误是合理和公正的,并且该错误不是由于提交纳税申报表时企业所得税的惯例造成的,则税务局将修改评估。
12.5 PAYMENT OF TAX
12.5 缴纳税款
Payment Deadline
付款期限
Tax is payable within 1 month from the date of the notice of assessment or within the extended deadline as agreed and allowed by the Comptroller. For example, if the Notice of Assessment for Y/A 2017 is dated 12/9/2018, the tax assessed must be settled in full by 12/10/2018. The tax assessed must be paid regardless of whether the taxpayer agrees or not.
税款应在评估通知发出之日起 1 个月内或在主计长同意和允许的延长期限内缴纳。例如,如果 2017 年年度评估通知的日期为 2018 年 12 月 9 日,则评估的税款必须在 2018 年 12 月 10 日之前全额结清。无论纳税人是否同意,都必须缴纳评估的税款。
Penalties for Late or Non-Payment
逾期或不付款的罚款
If tax is not paid within one month, a penalty of 5% on the unpaid tax will be levied and the Comptroller will issue a demand note. The outstanding tax and the penalty must be settled within 30 days of the issue of the demand note.
如果在一个月内未缴税,将对未缴税款征收 5% 的罚款,主计长将发出缴款单。未缴税款及罚款须在缴款单发出后30天内缴清。
If payment is still not made within 60 days from the issue of the demand note, an additional penalty of 1% of the tax unpaid will be levied for every completed month that the tax remains unpaid subject to a maximum of 12% of the outstanding tax. Therefore the total late payment penalties that can be imposed is 17%.
如在缴款单发出后60天内仍未缴付税款,则每满一个月仍未缴税款,将额外征收未缴税款1%的罚款,最高可达未缴税款的12%。因此,可以征收的滞纳金总额为 17%。
Example 1
示例 1
Mr David Lee received a Notice of Assessment for Y/A 2019 dated 15 April 2019 for $25,000. He failed to settle his tax until 26 December 2019 despite a demand note that was issued on 10 June 2019. Calculate the total tax penalty payable on 26 December 2019.
李伟先生于2019年4月15日收到2019年年度评税通知书,金额为25,000元。尽管他于2019年6月10日发出了缴款通知书,但直到2019年12月26日才结清税款。计算2019年12月26日应缴税款罚款总额。
Tax payable by 15 May 2019 | $ 25,000 | |
Late payment penalties | ||
On outstanding tax after one month from date of Notice (did not pay by 15 May 2019) | 5% x $25,000 | $ 1,250 |
On outstanding tax after 60 days from date of demand note (did not pay by 10 Aug 2013) | 1% x $25,000 x 4 (complete months after 10 Aug 2019 to 10 Dec 2019) | $ 1,000 |
Total outstanding tax and penalties payable on 26/12/2019 | $27,250 |
If the tax is still not fully settled after the expiry of 15 months from the date of issue of the Notice of Assessment, the CIT will proceed to enforce payment through legal proceedings for the outstanding amount including interest (at the discretion of CIT) and penalty.
如果自评估通知书发出之日起 15 个月届满后仍未完全结清税款,CIT 将继续通过法律程序强制支付未付金额,包括利息(由 CIT 酌情决定)和罚款。
12.6 OBJECTIONS
12.6 反对意见
OBJECTION against assessment can be lodged by the taxpayer if he does not agree with the assessment issued. A valid objection must comply with the following:
如果纳税人不同意所发出的评估,他可以对评估提出异议。有效的反对意见必须符合以下规定:
It must be made within 30 days after the date of the Notice of Assessment for individual taxpayer. For companies, the objection can be filed within two months from the date of the Notice.
必须在个人纳税人的评税通知书日期后 30 天内提出。对于公司,可以在通知之日起两个月内提出异议。
It must be in writing.
它必须是书面的。
The grounds of the objection must be clearly stated.
必须明确说明反对的理由。
If no valid objection is received within that period, the assessment will be treated as final. Notwithstanding any objection, the taxpayer is required to pay the tax liability within 1 month from the date of the notice of assessment.
如果在该期限内没有收到有效的反对意见,则评估将被视为最终评估。即使有任何异议,纳税人仍须在评税通知书发出之日起1个月内缴付税款。
12.7 OFFENCES AND PENALTIES NON-COMPLIANCE
12.7 违规行为和处罚
NON- COMPLIANCE
不合规
Any non-compliance with any provision of the Income Tax Act where no other penalty is specifically provided, the maximum fine is $1,000 or in default of the fine, a maximum jail term of six months.
任何不遵守《所得税法》任何规定且没有明确规定其他处罚的,最高罚款为1,000美元,如不遵守罚款,最高可判处六个月监禁。
INCORRECT RETURN
不正确的返回
Incorrect return or information may be due to:
不正确的退货或信息可能是由于:
omission of any income
遗漏任何收入
false entry in return
作为回报,虚假输入
false answer, orally or in writing
口头或书面的虚假回答
false books or records
虚假账簿或记录
Where a taxpayer lodges an incorrect return which is understating their tax liability they are guilty of an offence and liable to pay a penalty equal to 100% of the tax undercharged.
如果纳税人提交的报税表不正确,少报了他们的纳税义务,他们就犯了罪,并有责任支付相当于少收税款100%的罚款。
If taxpayer acted NEGLIGENTLY OR WITHOUT REASONABLE EXCUSE, the penalty is 200% the amount of tax undercharged and also liable to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and/or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years.
如果纳税人因疏忽或没有合理辩解而行事,罚款为少缴税款的200%,并可处以不超过5,000元的罚款和/或不超过3年的监禁。
If taxpayer has the WILFUL INTENT TO EVADE TAX, the penalty is 300% of the amount of tax undercharged and is also liable to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and/or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years.
如果纳税人有故意逃税的意图,罚款为少缴税款的300%,并可处以不超过10,000元的罚款和/或不超过3年的监禁。
If taxpayer is involved in SERIOUS FRAUDULENT TAX EVASION, the penalty is 400% of the amount tax undercharged and also liable to a fine not exceeding $50,000 and/r imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years.
如果纳税人涉及严重的欺诈性逃税行为,罚款为少收税款的400%,并可处以不超过50,000美元的罚款和/或不超过5年的监禁。
12.8 VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE PROGRAM
12.8 自愿披露计划
In 2009, the IRAS introduced the Voluntary Disclosure Program which was aimed at encouraging taxpayers that have made errors in their tax returns to voluntarily come forward to correct their errors and set their tax matters right, in exchange for reduced penalties.
2009年,美国国税局推出了自愿披露计划,旨在鼓励在纳税申报表中出现错误的纳税人自愿站出来纠正错误并纠正税务问题,以换取减少罚款。
To qualify under IRAS' Voluntary Disclosure Programme:
要符合IRAS自愿披露计划的资格:
The disclosure must be timely and self-initiated. The disclosure should be made before taxpayer receives a query or notification from IRAS of the commencement of an audit or investigation;
披露必须及时和主动。应在纳税人收到IRAS关于开始审计或调查的查询或通知之前进行披露;
The disclosure must be accurate and complete;
披露必须准确和完整;
The taxpayer must cooperate fully with IRAS to correct the errors made; and
纳税人必须与IRAS充分合作,以纠正所犯的错误;和
The taxpayer must pay or make arrangements with IRAS to pay additional taxes and penalties imposed (if any), and honour such arrangements till all payments are made.
纳税人必须支付或与IRAS达成安排,以支付额外的税款和罚款(如有),并遵守这些安排,直到所有付款都付清为止。
Where the above conditions are met, IRAS will waive the penalty for disclosures of errors made within a “grace period” of one year from the statutory filing date.
如果满足上述条件,IRAS将免除在法定申报日期起一年的“宽限期”内披露错误的罚款。
Disclosures made after the “grace period” would result in a reduced penalty of 5% per annum for the income tax undercharged and for GST and withholding tax, a flat 5% penalty of the GST undercharged / outstanding withholding tax. The taxpayer should also implement effective controls to prevent the recurrence of similar errors and/or omissions.
在“宽限期”之后进行的披露将导致少缴所得税的罚款每年减少5%,而对于GST和预扣税,少缴/未预扣税的固定罚款为5%。纳税人还应实施有效的控制措施,以防止类似错误和/或遗漏再次发生。
IRAS makes a distinction between errors arising from wilful intent to evade taxes and errors arising from ignorance or negligence. Taxpayers that committed offences involving wilful intent to evade taxes, including persons who assisted or abetted the tax evasion, may face prosecution, and the consequent punishment of being jailed up to 7 years and / or fined up to $50,000, and penalized up to 400% of tax undercharged / unpaid. IRAS has extended the VDP to past actions involving wilful intent to evade taxes to encourage taxpayers and persons assisting / abetting the taxpayers in the evasion of taxes to voluntarily set their tax affairs right. Taxpayers that come forward and voluntarily disclose past actions involving wilful intent to evade taxes may be accorded the treatment of having their offences compounded at a reduced penalty rate of 200%, instead of being prosecuted
IRAS区分了因故意逃税而产生的错误和因无知或疏忽而产生的错误。纳税人如犯有故意逃税的罪行,包括协助或教唆逃税的人,可能会被检控,并因此被判处最高7年监禁和/或最高50,000元的罚款,并被处以最高400%的少缴税款。IRAS已将VDP扩展至过去涉及故意逃税的行为,以鼓励纳税人和协助/教唆纳税人逃税的人自愿纠正其税务事务。纳税人如主动揭露过往故意逃税行为,可获减200%的罚款,不予起诉
12.9 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
12.9 教程问题
Q1.
问题1.
State the three (3) types of assessments which the Comptroller can issue and the circumstances under which each is issued.
说明主计长可以签发的三 (3) 种评估以及每种评估的情况。
Q2.
问题2.
Monica received a Notice of Additional Assessment dated 22 May 2018. She does not agree with the assessment issued and does not wish to settle the additional tax assessed. Advise Monica on the consequences of her action and what course of action she should take.
Monica于2018年5月22日收到额外评估通知。她不同意所发出的评税,也不想结清所评税的额外税款。就莫妮卡的行为的后果以及她应该采取的行动方案向莫妮卡提出建议。
Q3.
问题3.
If a taxpayer is unable to agree with the Comptroller on the amount of tax payable, what course of action can be taken?
如果纳税人无法与主计长就应缴税款达成一致,可以采取什么行动?
Q4.
问题4.
Under the Singapore Income Tax Act, tax evasion is a criminal offence. On the other hand, tax avoidance is not illegal. Discuss the penalties involved where one is convicted of tax evasion.
根据《新加坡所得税法》,逃税是刑事犯罪。另一方面,避税并不违法。讨论一个人被判犯有逃税罪时所涉及的处罚。