POLICY PAPER
Recommendations for Religious Leaders, Women's Groups, Youth Groups, Children's Groups
in Public Consultation on the Fulfillment of Rights and Protection of Children and Women and Development in Aceh Province
Banda Aceh, 27 May 2024
BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
Ideal development is organized in a participatory and inclusive manner with equal access, participation, benefits andcontrol for men and women. The goal is to produce a program that pays attention to practical needs and strategic needs with a gender-sensitive budget allocation to ensure direct benefits for women and men as the goal of equitable development. Quantitatively, the number of women is equivalent to men with details of the population in Aceh as many as 5,459,891 people consisting of 2,728,234 men and 2,731,657 women. The data provesthat the percentage of women and men in Aceh isbalanced. (Dor Population Census 2020).
Women contributeto the development of Aceh, but are not optimally involvedinregional planning and development. Women's participationinMusrembangstillneeds tobe improved, as well asin the policy-making structure at the Gampong toprovincial levels. Currently,only the City of Banda Aceh has initiated MUSRENA as a regional planningmechanism that providesa specialspaceforwomen and marginalized groups in Banda Aceh tobe actively involved.
Statistics on Gender and Violenceagainst Women and Children, DPPPA Aceh Province in 2022 recorded thedevelopment of the Aceh Gender Development Index (IPG) of 92.24, higherthan the national IPG of 91.63. The Aceh Province Gender Empowerment Index (IDG) in 2022 increasedto 63.92% from the previousyear of 63.47% with details of 11.11% forwomen's involvement in parliament, 54.08% Womenas professionals, andwomen'sincomecontributionreached 34.87%. The Aceh Gender Development Index (GDI)in 2022, which isrepresentative of the activeroleof womenineconomic and political life in Aceh, is stilllaggingbehind Indonesia's GDI standards which reach 76.59%. The districtwith the lowest GDI is Aceh Besar, the district located closestto the provincial capital of Aceh witha GDI of 47.65, followed by North Aceh at 52.00 and East Aceh at 52.27. The districtwith the highest GDI, namely Aceh TamiangRegency, reached 75.64%.
On the other hand, as a province that has experienced (armed) conflict events and social violence for a long time, Aceh hasvulnerabilities. The rate of violenceagainstwomenandchildren in Aceh continues to occurindifferent dimensions, modesare increasinglydiverse, andincrease during the pandemic. Based on data from the Women's and Children's Protection UPTD (PPA) of the AcehWomen'sEmpowermentandChild Protection Office (DPPPA), cases of violenceagainstwomenandchildrenas of July 2022 reached602casesIn 2021 there were924cases and in 2020 there were 905 cases. Banda Aceh City is the city with the highestnumber ofcasesreaching 64cases, and the districtwith the lowestnumber ofviolentcasesis Aceh Jaya with0 cases.Meanwhile, in 2023, there were 464 cases of ViolenceAgainst Women (KTP), and there were 634 cases of ViolenceAgainst Children (KTA).
The lownumber ofreportedcasescan becausedby the victim notreportingornotknowingthe informationtosubmita reportwhenviolence occurs. Violenceagainstwomenandchildrenis aviolationofhumanrightsand crimes against humanity. Unequal gender and power relations, poverty and patriarchalcultural dominancearesome of the maincausesofviolenceagainstwomen and children, especiallymarginalized groups. Violenceinallits formswillcauseshort-term and long-term impacts that willreduce the ability and functioningof achild, woman, and human beings in generalineveryday life. In fact, studiesshowthat victims of violencehave the opportunitytobecomeperpetrators of violenceagainst others in the future.
The context of the lifeof the Acehnese people is very thickwith Islamic cultural and religious practices ineveryaspect oftheir people's lives. Includedin childcarein the context offamily, society, and Islamic educational institutionsorwidelyknownas Islamic boarding schools. In the context of Aceh province, educational institutions, including Dayah, are also notsparedfromvariousformsof violence that occur. Casesof violence againstchildreninvariousforms and impacts: physical violence, verbal and emotional abuse, sexual violence, and neglectare common, it is reported, and has improvedovertime.
Efforts to overcomeviolenceagainstchildren in educational institutions including Islamic Boarding Schools / Dayah have beencarried out. Various socializations, trainings, workshopsforawareness, prevention, and handlingof violenceagainstchildrenhave beencarried out. These effortsstillneed tobeconsolidatedintoapolicy and regulationsfor the promotion, prevention, and prevention ofacts of violenceona massive and sustainable basis throughfinancing and institutions that involveall stakeholders. In addition, it is important to implementprotectionandempowermentbased onwomen and children'sresources in a patterned, systematicand sustainable manner. These efforts are also integratedintovariouspolicies and planning documents in Aceh. The gender perspective is themainfoundationtoensure that policies, planning and budgeting in Aceh are notneutral and gender-biased.
PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN ACEH
The rate of violenceagainstwomenis stillhigh. Of the number ofcases reported at the UPTD PPA Aceh in 2023, there were 464 casesof ViolenceAgainst Women (KTP), and 634 cases of ViolenceAgainst Children (KTA).
The involvement of women and marginalized groupsin regional planning and development is very low
Child care and education in educational institutions in Aceh Province are not spared from various forms of violence.
Perlindungan dan pemulihan terhadap korban kekerasan seksual masih minim.
Access to KTPA complaint services is stilldifficult for victims and disabilities at the village level
Community-run complaint services are still very limited
The Qanun Jinayah Regulation does not accommodate important articles in the UUTPKS
Hukum untuk pelaku masih lemah; cambuk untuk pelaku kekerasan seksual, mutasi untuk pelaku pelecehan di kampus.
Child marriage cases, when they become domestic violence, cannot be processed because there is no marriage book (nikah sirri).
The resolution of sexual violence cases is often inappropriate, the victim is married to the perpetrator.
The practice of child marriage still continues to occur. So that many children drop out of school, experience reproductive disorders, psychological trauma, which leads to domestic violence.
Positive parenting is still a challenge for parents, especially for those who have children from generation Z.
CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE FULFILLMENT OF THE RIGHTS AND PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN AND DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH
Budget supportisinadequate. Thisisbecause the issueofviolence against children and women is notpopulist and does nothave an electoral impact. Therefore, the commitmentofregional heads stillneeds tobe increased
Upaya pencegahan kekerasan terhadap anak dan Perempuan belum maksimal. Sanksi dan hukuman terhadap pelaku yang berupa hukum cambuk belum cukup memberikan efek jera. Tindakan kepada korban juga belum bersifat memulihkan.
Stakeholder synergy is still weak. Connectivity between various national strategies for the prevention of violence against women and children at the provincial and district level, to the grassroots level is still weak.
The public's understanding of violence against women and children is still strongly influenced by patriarchal interpretations of religious and cultural values.
POLICY ANALYSIS
Qanun Aceh Number 6 of 2009 concerning Women's Empowerment has not beendeveloped so that it can bemoresystematicforwomen's empowerment and protection
Qanun Child Protection Number 11 of 2008 has not been developed so that it can be more systematic in efforts to protect children according to the current context.
Qanun Aceh Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Jinayat procedural law is not in line with the rules at the national level (UUPA, UUTPKS) which provide more protection and protection for women and children victims of sexual harassment and violence.
There is no regional strategy forthe prevention and managementofchild marriage in Aceh
The Aceh MPU Fatwa Number 27 of 2015 concerningthe Protectionof Women and Children stillneeds to be socializedto the wider community, thatactsof violenceagainstwomen and children are unlawful and contraryto Acehnese customs.
ANALISIS SITUASI
Budaya patriarki menyebabkan stigmasi dan viktimasi korban kekerasan
Violenceis stillapatternof educationin households and educational institutions (negative parenting).
The issue of violence against children and women is not populist and has no electoral impact. So that regional heads are less sensitive or do not have a commitment to reduce violence against children and women.
Tidak adanya pengawasan dari legislative terhadap program-program perlindungan anak dan Perempuan
Access to information and knowledge about sexual reproductive health rights (HKSR) or "honorary education" is still very limited.
There is still a lack of understanding of the adverse effects and risks of underage marriage. The dominant motive in early marriage is economic problems Marriage is considered a solution that eases the burden on parents.
The people of Aceh are a religious society, the roleof religious and traditional leaders is very importantinprovidingnewunderstandingtothe communityUnfortunately, the participation of religious and customary leaders is still very minimal in public awareness
RECOMMENDATIONS OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS FOR IMPROVING THE WELFARE AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN AS WELL AS DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH
Encourage the Government and Parliament of Aceh Province to increase socialization and campaigns in the community about the prevention of violence against children, especially in the school environment, Islamic boarding schools or dayah, even higher education, and the wider community with the perspective and study of Islamic values.
Encourage the Government and Parliament of Aceh Province to immediately formulate a number of measures to prevent the practice of violence in the context of school education, higher education, pesantren/dayah by increasing and strengthening the movement of schools and pesantren/child-friendly by creating complaint channels and forming a violence prevention and handling team (TPPK) at the pesantren institutional level.
Encourage Islamic Boarding Schools and Dayah in Aceh Province to be able to formulate internal policies and regulations to protect children who are nurtured and educated in the pesantren environment so that they are protected from internal and external violence. This policy must be controlled and evaluated periodically by relevant government agencies, in this case the Dayah Office and the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Provinces and Regencies throughout Aceh Province in close cooperation with the local Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Office.
Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of various provincial and district policies and regulations that have been issued to protect women and children from acts of violence by involving all parties and related stakeholders.
Ensuring the existence of disaggregated data on children's vulnerability, including data on children as victims and village-based perpetrators as a guideline for mitigating children's problems and providing access to basic services for vulnerable children, children as victims, and children as perpetrators of violence.
Encouraging the role of religious scholars, religious leaders, and dayah leaders in Prov. Aceh with its strategic role in the community to continuously promote the care and education of children free from violence both in the context of pesantren education and parenting in the context of family and community.
Encouraging the role of religious scholars, religious leaders, and dayah leaders in Prov. Aceh to continue to play a role in the prevention and handling of violence against women in Province. Aceh.
Encourage the village level government in Aceh Province tobeable to issuepolicies and regulations / Reusam Gampong (Qanun) that betterprotect Women and Children.
Enable/increase the capacity of children and womentobe involvedin efforts to prevent violence againstchildren and women in the context offamily care, community, higher education, public schools, education Islamic boarding schools/Dayah, and boarding school educational institutions.
There needs to be a child-friendly program. The output of this program is the emergence of pioneer students. This program also establishes a supervision team in dayah to handle cases of sexual violence.
RECOMMENDATIONS OF WOMEN'S GROUPS (WOMEN LEADERS, WOMEN SURVIVORS OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE, EX-COMBATANTS, YOUNG WOMEN) FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE WELFARE AND PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN AND DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH
Government of Aceh
The need for an integrated data system for victims of the Aceh conflict that is valid and disaggregated by gender, severity, and forms of violence as a parent data base for various policies related to programs to strengthen peace and fulfill the rights of conflict victims that are fair and equitable.
The need for a comprehensive master plan for trauma recovery for victims of conflict and protection of women and children that is integrated with programs in other relevant agencies.
The need to present a collective memorial space or Aceh peace museum as a place to document various artifacts of the conflict as a laboratory of future knowledge.
Perlu mengawal dan memastikan terpenuhinya akses dan partisipasi perempuan sesuai kuota syarat minimum 30 presses.
There is a need for a budget for prevention and handling of victims of violence against children and women.
There is a need for prioritization and budget oversight for women and children's empowerment and protection programs.
The need for a Master Plan or a comprehensive plan for trauma recovery for victims of conflict and protection of women and children that is integrated with programs in other relevant agencies.
Encouraging the role of religious scholars, religious leaders, and dayah leaders in Prov. Aceh to continue to play a role in the prevention and handlingof violence against women in Province. Aceh.
Pendidikan pra nikah kepada calon pengantin.
Seriousintervention fromthe Aceh Government in the health sector fromupstreamtodownstreamis needed toreducematernal and child mortality in Aceh.
Aceh Legislature (DPRA and DPRK)
Priority and budget supervision are needed for programs to strengthen peace, recover trauma, improve living standards, and fulfill the rights of conflict victims in Aceh.
There is a need for prioritization and budget oversight for women and children's empowerment and protection programs.
There is a need for a budget for preventive measures and handling victims of violence against children and women.
There is a need for regulations that regulatethe local contentcurriculum related to Aceh conflict and peace historyeducation.
Encourage the immediate realization of the revision of the Qanun Jinayat especially in article 72.
Encourage the revision of Qanun Number 6 of 2009 concerning Protection of Victims of Violence against Women and Children.
Encourage the revision of Qanun Number 9 of 2019 concerning Handling Victims of Violence against Women and Children.
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CHILDREN'S VOICES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE WELFARE AND PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN AS WELL AS DEVELOPMENT IN ACEH
The Aceh government optimizes child-friendly facilities and health services that support access for children with disabilities. It is necessary to design child-friendly cities, districts, and gampongs.
The Aceh government acted decisively in following up on all forms of violence and perpetrators of exploitation of children.
The Aceh government synergizesinminimizingchild marriage in Aceh province.
The Aceh government is optimizingefforts to prevent stunting and the role ofnon-smoking areas in Aceh province.
There needs to be accommodation from the government for people with disabilities who are witnesses or victims: who accompanies, translates, provides safe housing, and how not to become victims again.
Musrenbangshouldinvolve a children's forum
Everyschoolmustfacilitate the serviceofcomplaints of children who are victims of bullying and allother acts of violence in the school environment. Counseling guidance teachers also need toimprovetheir qualityoptimally.
Sources:
Refleksi Tokoh Agama Islamic Relief Indonesia-DPPPA Aceh-Flower Aceh
Critical Notes of Women's Pre-MUNAS in Aceh Province, as well as the 2024 Women's National Congress for Development Planning in March 2024
Results of public consultations of women's groups in 12 districts/cities in Aceh from February to April 2024 which were facilitated
Results of Duek Pakat Aneuk Aceh DPPPA Aceh in 2024 in May 2024
Results of public consultation of Religious Leaders, Women's Groups, Youth Groups, Children's Groups in the Public Consultation on the Fulfillment of Rights and Protection of Children and Women in Aceh Province on May 26, 2024