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Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Various Moisturizers on the Skin of the ASR Miniature Swine
各种保湿剂对 ASR 微型猪皮肤功效的比较研究

Ken-Ichiro O'Goshi a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }} Nobuko Tabata a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }} Yoshihisa Sato b b  ^("b "){ }^{\text {b }} Hachiro Tagami a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }}
Ken-Ichiro O'Goshi a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }} 田畑信子 佐藤 a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }} 义久 b b  ^("b "){ }^{\text {b }} 田上 a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }} 八郎 a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }} Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, Sendai, and
a a  ^("a "){ }^{\text {a }} 东北大学皮肤科，仙台医学院，以及 b b  ^("b "){ }^{\text {b }} ASR Research Center, Yokohama, Japan
b b  ^("b "){ }^{\text {b }} ASR 研究中心，日本横滨

Key Words关键词

Moisturizer • ASR miniature swine • Corneotherapy • Stratum corneum •
保湿霜 • ASR 微型猪 • 角膜疗法 • 角质层 •
Electrical high-frequency conductance
高频电导

Abstract抽象

The skin of the back of the ASR hairless miniature swine shows a rough and scaly fissured appearance. Clinically it resembles that of ichthyosis vulgaris or senile xerosis in humans. By using the skin of this animal, we developed an assay system to evaluate the efficacy of different moisturizers. The study was carried out in winter months from January to March. To establish this system, we studied various topical agents including such ordinary emollients as petrolatum and 10% salicylic acid in petrolatum as well as those available as pseudodrugs from cosmetic companies or prescription drugs from pharmaceutical companies such as heparinoid-
ASR 无毛微型猪背部的皮肤呈现粗糙和鳞状裂缝的外观。临床上它类似于人类寻常型鱼鳞病或老年性干燥症。通过使用这种动物的皮肤，我们开发了一种检测系统来评估不同保湿剂的功效。该研究在 1 月至 3 月的冬季月份进行。为了建立该系统，我们研究了各种外用剂，包括凡士林和 10% 凡士林中的 10% 水杨酸等普通润肤剂，以及化妆品公司的假药或制药公司的处方药，如肝素类化合物-

containing creams (w/o and o/w) and 10% urea creams. Applying 0.01 g of each agent to 7 randomly selected skin areas ( 2 × 2 2 × 2 2xx22 \times 2 cm 2 cm 2 cm^(2)\mathrm{cm}^{2} ) on the back of a 6-month-old swine once daily for various periods of time, we measured high-frequency conductance, the parameter for the hydration state of the skin surface. As a result, we have established a simple assay system. It consists of applications of topical agents once daily for 5 days from Monday to Friday in the first week and of subsequent measurement of the skin surface hydration state once every week. Evaluation measurements were performed from day 14 to day 21 depending upon their moisturizing effects. We found that heparinoidcontaining creams exerted highly effective moisturizing effects on the dry pig skin that lasted even over 3 weeks after discontinuation of the treatments that were carried out for the first 5 days.
含有乳膏（w/o 和 o/w）和 10% 尿素乳膏。将每种药剂 0.01 克涂抹在 6 个月大猪背部的 7 个随机选择的皮肤区域 （ 2 × 2 2 × 2 2xx22 \times 2 cm 2 cm 2 cm^(2)\mathrm{cm}^{2} ） 上，每天一次，持续不同时间段，我们测量了高频电导，即皮肤表面水合作用状态的参数。因此，我们建立了一个简单的检测系统。它包括第一周周一至周五每天一次局部给药，持续 5 天，随后每周测量一次皮肤表面水合作用状态。根据其保湿效果，从第 14 天到第 21 天进行评估测量。我们发现，含肝素的乳膏对干猪皮肤产生了高效的保湿效果，在停止前 5 天的治疗后，甚至持续了 3 周以上。
Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel
版权所有 © 2000 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔

Introduction介绍

In 1978 Kligman [1] reported the ‘regression method’ for comparative evaluation of topical agents for the treatment of xerotic skin. In that method, he utilized the relapse time, the time required for the skin to return to its original state of dryness as a parameter to measure the efficacy. This is reasonable because the assessment of efficacy is based on clinical observation. On the other hand, it
1978 年，Kligman [1] 报道了用于比较评估局部药物治疗干燥皮肤的“回归法”。在这种方法中，他利用复发时间，即皮肤恢复到原始干燥状态所需的时间作为衡量功效的参数。这是合理的，因为疗效评估是基于临床观察的。另一方面，它
must also depend on subjective assessment, and it is not practical to keep xerotic patients for the treatment period as well as for a fol-low-up for many days.
还必须取决于主观评估，将干燥患者留在治疗期间以及随后的许多天是不切实际的。
The hydration state of the skin surface is now quickly and quantitatively evaluated by using recently developed noninvasive electrical measurements [2]. The measurement of high-frequency conductance is much more sensitive for the assessment of skin surface hydration state than that of capacitance [3].
现在通过使用最近开发的无创电测量来快速定量评估皮肤表面的水合作用状态 [2]。高频电导的测量对于评估皮肤表面水合状态比电容敏感得多 [3]。
Fig. 1. Clinical appearance of the skin of the ASR miniature swine. Small blackish dots represent the horny follicular plugs.
图 1.ASR 微型猪皮肤的临床外观。黑色的小点代表角质卵泡栓。
Fig. 2. Histopathologic feature of the skin of the ASR miniature swine. HE.
图 2.ASR 微型猪皮肤的组织病理学特征。他。
Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol
皮肤药理学 Appl 皮肤生理学
Fig. 3. Changes of the skin surface hydration state for 2 h after applications of various agents on the skin of the ASR miniature swine. Comparison of high-frequency conductance values was made with those of nontreated control sites. * p < 0.001 p < 0.001 p < 0.001\mathrm{p}<0.001.
图 3.在 ASR 微型猪的皮肤上应用各种药物后 2 h 皮肤表面水合状态的变化。将高频电导值与未处理的对照部位的电导值进行比较。* p < 0.001 p < 0.001 p < 0.001\mathrm{p}<0.001 .
Unlike that of ordinary experimental animals, the skin of ASR hairless miniature swine resembles human skin both from the clinical as well as from the histopathological appearance (fig. 1, 2). Thus, they have been introduced as experimental animals in the hope that their skin can replace the human skin for various experimental purposes. Particularly the miniature swine seems to mimic noninflamed xerotic skin such as noted in ichthyosis vulgaris or senile xerosis in human patients [4].
与普通实验动物不同，ASR 无毛微型猪的皮肤在临床和组织病理学外观上都与人类皮肤相似（图 1、2）。因此，它们被作为实验动物引入，希望它们的皮肤可以代替人类皮肤用于各种实验目的。特别是微型猪似乎与非发炎的干燥皮肤相似，例如寻常型鱼鳞病或人类患者的老年性干燥症 [4]。
In the present study, using the skin of the back of an ASR miniature swine [5], we compared the efficacy of various moisturizers. As a result, we have established a simple assay system that consists of the following procedure: (1) we apply the topical agents once daily for 5 days from Monday to Friday in the first
在本研究中，使用 ASR 微型猪的背部皮肤 [5]，我们比较了各种保湿剂的功效。因此，我们建立了一个简单的检测系统，包括以下程序：（1） 我们每天使用一次局部药物，从周一至周五开始，持续 5 天
week, and (2) from the next week, we assess the skin surface hydration state weekly until the skin returns to its original state of dryness.
周，以及 （2） 从下周开始，我们每周评估皮肤表面的水合作用状态，直到皮肤恢复到原来的干燥状态。

Material and Methods材料和方法

Animal动物
We used a 6-month-old poorly haired, male ASR miniature swine that was a gift from CSK (Nagano, Japan) [4]. It was fed a swine food (NS, Nagano, Japan), and was caged under a 12-hour day/night cycle. Of each topical agent, 0.01 g was applied to a 2 × 2 × 2xx2 \times 2 cm 2 2 cm 2 2cm^(2)2 \mathrm{~cm}^{2} square area on the back, avoiding the areas close to the vertebra or those close to the abdomen.
我们使用了一头 6 个月大、毛发不佳的雄性 ASR 微型猪，这是 CSK（日本长野）赠送的礼物 [4]。它被喂食猪粮（NS，日本长野），并在 12 小时的昼夜循环下被关在笼子里。在每种局部药物中，将 0.01 g 涂抹在 2 × 2 × 2xx2 \times 背部 2 cm 2 2 cm 2 2cm^(2)2 \mathrm{~cm}^{2} 的方形区域，避开靠近椎骨或靠近腹部的区域。

Tested Products测试产品

We studied the effects of the following topical agents because of their frequent use in Japan. They were petrolatum, 10 % 10 % 10%10 \% salicylic acid in petrolatum, a hydrophilic ointment, a prescription drug 10% urea cream (Urepearl ( R ) ( R ) ^((R)){ }^{(\mathrm{R})}; Otsuka, Japan), a pseudodrug 10%
我们研究了以下外用药物的效果，因为它们在日本经常使用。它们是凡士林、 10 % 10 % 10%10 \% 凡士林中的水杨酸、亲水性软膏、10% 尿素乳膏（Urepearl ( R ) ( R ) ^((R)){ }^{(\mathrm{R})} ;日本大冢市）、假药 10%
  1. Hachiro Tagami, MDHachiro Tagami，医学博士
    Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine
    东北大学医学院皮肤科
    1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 (Japan)
    仙台市青叶区清稑町 1-1，邮编：980-8574（日本）
    Tel. +81 22717 7271, Fax +81 227177275
    电话 +81 22717 7271， 传真 +81 227177275
    E-Mail hatagami@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp
    电子邮件 hatagami@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp