这是用户在 2024-10-24 11:32 为 https://www.meridianvalleylab.com/kraft-prediabetes-profile-patterns-overview/ 保存的双语快照页面,由 沉浸式翻译 提供双语支持。了解如何保存?

Resources 资源

Kraft Prediabetes Profile: Patterns Overview
KRAFT PREDIABETES PROFILE: 模式概览

A Summary of Dr. Kraft’s Data:
KRAFT 博士数据摘要:

Dr. Kraft, a clinical pathologist, ran 3,650 glucose-insulin tolerance tests. Dr. Kraft was looking for diabetes mellitus and was not particularly looking for hypoglycemia. Many of his tests were ran for only three hours or four hours.
克拉夫特博士,一名临床病理学家,进行了 3650 次葡萄糖-胰岛素耐受性试验。克拉夫特博士正在寻找糖尿病,但并不特别寻找低血糖。他的许多测试只进行了三小时或四小时。

For this reason, the new Kraft Prediabetes Profile should not only yield more information as outlined below with regard to the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and latent glucose tolerance tests, but it also should enable us to do more for hypoglycemia.
因此,新的 Kraft 糖尿病前期概况不仅应该提供更多的信息,如下面所述,关于糖尿病和隐性糖耐量测试的诊断,而且还应该使我们能够为低血糖症做更多的事情。

Of the 3,650 glucose tolerance tests, 1,713 were defined a normal (for diabetes mellitus) according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association.
在 3,650 次葡萄糖耐量测试中,根据美国糖尿病协会的标准,有 1,713 次被定义为正常(对于糖尿病)。

Of the 1,713 tests which would have been judged normal strictly on the basis of glucose tolerance, 50% were demonstrated abnormal on the basis of insulin tolerance, and another 14% were borderline results. 2.5% were displayed insulin response.
在 1,713 次测试中,基于葡萄糖耐量严格判断正常的测试中,有 50%被基于胰岛素耐量的测试证明异常,另外 14%是边缘结果。2.5%显示了胰岛素反应。

This means that 2/3 of the tests that would have been judged normal by the Glucose Tolerant Test were found to be latent diabetic when the Kraft Prediabetes Profile test was taken into consideration.
这意味着,在考虑 Kraft 预糖尿病轮廓测试时,有 2/3 的测试结果原本会被葡萄糖耐量测试判断为正常的测试结果被发现为潜在糖尿病。

Remember that all these people were referred because of suspicion of diabetes, so the high numbers should not be so surprising, but what the above data shows is that of the 1,713 cases, out of 3,650 which would have been judged normal by only glucose tolerance test criteria, the insulin test showed that only one third of them really were normal.
记住,所有这些人都是因为怀疑糖尿病而被转诊的,所以这些高数字不应该那么令人惊讶,但上述数据表明,在 1,713 个病例中,从 3,650 个仅根据葡萄糖耐量测试标准被判断为正常的病例中,胰岛素测试显示只有三分之一的人实际上确实是正常的。

Looking at the overall group of 3,650 people referred because of suspicion of diabetes, the usual glucose tolerance test criteria would have found that 1713 were normal.
查看因疑似糖尿病而转诊的 3650 人总体,常规的葡萄糖耐量测试标准会发现其中有 1713 人的血糖水平正常。

Bringing to bear the insulin tolerance test, two thirds of these so-called “normal” tests were found to be latent diabetic. It appears obvious that the glucose-insulin tolerance test will detect many more latent diabetics.
应用胰岛素耐量试验,这些所谓的“正常”测试中三分之二被发现是潜在的糖尿病患者。很明显,葡萄糖-胰岛素耐量试验将检测出更多的潜在糖尿病患者。

Criteria for the Kraft Prediabetes Profile are as follows. This is once again as taken from the article by Dr. Kraft:
Kraft 预糖尿病概况的标准如下。这再次来自 Kraft 博士的文章:

Pattern I: Normal 模式 I: 正常

  • Normal fasting insulin 0-10 units
    正常空腹胰岛素 0-10 单位
  • Peak insulin at ½-1 hour
    峰值胰岛素在半小时至 1 小时内出现
  • 2nd hour insulin <50
    2 小时胰岛素<50
  • 3rd hour insulin < 2nd hour
    3 小时胰岛素 < 2 小时
  • 2nd hour + 3rd hour totals < 60
    2 小时 + 3 小时 总计 < 60
  • Subsequent values at fasting range (0-10)
    空腹范围内的后续值(0-10)

Pattern II: Delayed Insulin Peak
模式 II:延迟的胰岛素峰值

  • Normal fasting insulin 0-10 units
    正常空腹胰岛素 0-10 单位
  • Peak insulin at ½-1 hour
    峰值胰岛素在半小时至 1 小时内出现
  • 2nd hour + 3rd hour totals > 60 and <100 = Borderline insulin resistance
    2 小时 + 3 小时总和 > 60 和 <100 = 边界胰岛素抵抗
  • 2nd hour + 3rd hour totals > 100 = definite insulin resistance
    2 小时 + 3 小时总和 > 100 = 明显的胰岛素抵抗

Pattern III A: Insulin Resistance
模式 III A: 胰岛素抵抗

  • Normal fasting insulin 0-10 units
    正常空腹胰岛素 0-10 单位
  • Peak insulin at 2nd hour
    第二小时峰值胰岛素
  • Considered diagnostic for insulin resistance
    考虑用于诊断胰岛素抵抗的诊断方法
  • Glucose tolerance may be within normal limits or impaired
    葡萄糖耐量可能在正常范围内或受损

Pattern III B: Insulin Resistance
模式 III B: 胰岛素抵抗

  • Normal fasting insulin 0-10 units
    正常空腹胰岛素 0-10 单位
  • Peak insulin at 3rd hour
    第三小时峰值胰岛素
  • Considered diagnostic for insulin resistance
    考虑用于诊断胰岛素抵抗的诊断方法
  • Glucose tolerance usually at diabetic levels
    血糖耐受通常在糖尿病水平

Pattern IV: Insulin Resistance
模式 IV:胰岛素抵抗

  • Fasting insulin >10 空腹胰岛素 >10
  • Diagnostic for insulin resistance
    胰岛素抵抗的诊断
  • Glucose tolerance usually at diabetic levels
    血糖耐受通常在糖尿病水平

Pattern 5: Insulinopenic  模式 5:胰岛素缺乏型

  • When glucose levels are elevated, this is considered to be a Type I DM pattern
    当血糖水平升高时,这被认为是 1 型 DM 模式
  • All tested values for insulin <30
    所有测试的胰岛素值小于 30
  • Insulin insufficiency probably due to damaged or exhausted islet cells
    由于受损或耗尽的胰岛细胞导致的胰岛素不足
  • Glucose tolerance usually at diabetic levels
    血糖耐受通常在糖尿病水平
  • May signal the need for exogenous insulin
    可能表明需要外源性胰岛素
  • When seen with normal glucose values, may be indicative of a low carbohydrate diet
    当血糖值正常时,可能表明采用了低碳水化合物饮食

Dr. Kraft’s article discusses only latent diabetes.
克拉夫特博士的文章仅讨论了隐性糖尿病。

In another article by Dr. William Hudspeth, associate professor of psychiatry form the University of Nevada School of Medicine, it is pointed out that frequently hypoglycemic symptoms do not correlate with the low point on a glucose tolerance test. It is pointed out that they also may have occurred despite a fairly normal looking glucose tolerance test. Dr. Hudspeth’s group has evaluated this phenomenon further by running insulin tolerance along with glucose tolerance and at the same time putting an EEG on each patient and observing for brain wave response.
在内华达大学医学院精神病学副教授威廉·赫斯皮斯博士的另一篇文章中指出,低血糖症状并不总是与葡萄糖耐量试验中的低点相关。指出即使在看起来相当正常的葡萄糖耐量试验下也可能发生这些症状。赫斯皮斯博士的团队通过同时进行胰岛素耐量试验和葡萄糖耐量试验,并为每位患者戴上脑电图,观察脑波反应,进一步评估了这一现象。

Unfortunately, we’re not going to be able to do an EEG and pick up the abnormal brain wave response. What’s interesting is that Dr. Hudspeth found in some cases the glucose was low and in other cases it was normal.
很遗憾,我们无法进行脑电图检查并捕捉到异常脑波反应。有趣的是,胡斯普斯博士在一些情况下发现血糖水平较低,在其他情况下则正常。

What seemed to correlate better with hypoglycemic symptomatology was either low or normal glucose in combination with a distinct insulin peak.
似乎与低血糖症状更相关的,是血糖水平较低或正常,同时伴有明显的胰岛素峰值。

Although Dr. Hudspeth did not have a breakdown of the different types of patterns, just this information alone should enable us to better pick up hypoglycemic symptomatology in the absence of abnormal glucose tolerance test values.
虽然胡斯佩斯博士没有不同类型模式的细分,仅凭这些信息本身就应该使我们能够在血糖耐受测试值异常的情况下更好地识别低血糖症状。


References: 参考文献:

Detection of Diabetes Mellitus, In Situ (occult diabetes), Kraft, Joseph R., Laboratory Medicine, Volume VI, #2, pages 10-22, February 1975.
糖尿病检测,隐性糖尿病,现场检测(In Situ),Kraft,Joseph R.,实验室医学,第六卷,第 2 期,第 10-22 页,1975 年 2 月。

Neurobiology of the Hypoglycemia Syndrome, Hudspeth, W.J. Et Al, Journal of holistic Medicine, Volume III, #1, pages 60-71, Spring/Summer, 1981.
低血糖综合征的神经生物学,Hudspeth, W.J. 等,整体医学杂志,第三卷,第 1 期,第 60-71 页,1981 年春夏季。