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substantially all the water was removed. The salt complex obtained is a liquid, brown in color, and did not contain any odor. The following properties were determined:
Basic No.

Metal ratio 4.2

EXAMPLE 70

6623 grams of the product produced in accordance with Example 69 were treated with SO 2 SO 2 SO_(2)\mathrm{SO}_{2} at 25 − 50 ∘ 25 − 50 ∘ 25-50^(@)25-50^{\circ} C. until 327 grams of the gas were combined with the salt complex. The product thus obtained had a neutralization number or a basic number of 0 . The SO 2 SO 2 SO_(2)\mathrm{SO}_{2}-salt complex product was liquid, brown in color, and did not contain any odor.
An experiment was conducted in order to determine whether air which contains CO 2 CO 2 CO_(2)\mathrm{CO}_{2} would be effective as an acidic material. The examples below illustrate the utility of air for this purpose.

EXAMPLE 71

380 lbs . of a 30 % 30 % 30%30 \% oil solution of barium petroleum sulphonate were mixed with 21.9 lbs . of para-tertiary-butyl phenol (ratio of equivalents is 1.7 ) and 184 lbs . of water. This mixture was heated to 50 ∘ C 50 ∘ C 50^(@)C50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. and 68 lbs . of BaO were added over a period of 11 / 2 11 / 2 11//211 / 2 hours while not permitting the temperature to go above 65 ∘ 65 ∘ 65^(@)65^{\circ} C. The total mixture was held at 100 ∘ C 100 ∘ C 100^(@)C100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. for one hour, then heated to 150 ∘ C 150 ∘ C 150^(@)C150^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. over a period of 4.8 hours and held there for one hour. The desired product was fluid, dark red, and possessed the following properties:
Basic No. 80.5
Percent sulphate ash
Metal ratio 26.0

EXAMPLE 72

6000 grams of the product produced in Example 71 were placed in a 12 -liter, 3 -necked flask and heated to 175 ∘ C 175 ∘ C 175^(@)C175^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. The mass was then blown with air until a basic number of 1 was obtained. The final product contained a sulphate ash of 26.4 % 26.4 % 26.4%26.4 \% indicating substantially no change in the amount of metal present.
In all of the foregoing examples, the ratio of equivalents of the organic acid or salt thereof to the promoter has been within the preferred range, viz. 1.5 − 3.5 1.5 − 3.5 1.5-3.51.5-3.5 to 1 . The following examples illustrate the preparation of end-products wherein the ratio of equivalents falls outside of said preferred range, but comes within the broad range found to be operable.

EXAMPLE 73  实施例 73

1000 grams of a 30 % 30 % 30%30 \% oil solution of barium petroleum sulphonate containing 7.6 % 7.6 % 7.6%7.6 \% sulphate ash were mixed with 750 grams of water at 50 ∘ C 50 ∘ C 50^(@)C50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. 282 grams of BaO were added thereto, followed by the addition of a slurry consisting of 460 grams of water, 87 grams of BaO , and 115 grams of para-tertiary-butyl phenol (ratio of equivalents of sulphonate to phenolic compound is 0.77 ). The mass was stirred for one-half hour at about 100 ∘ C 100 ∘ C 100^(@)C100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}., then it was heated to 200 ∘ C 200 ∘ C 200^(@)C200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. and maintained at that temperature for 2 hours.
将 1000 克 30 % 30 % 30%30 \% 含 7.6 % 7.6 % 7.6%7.6 \% 硫酸盐灰分的石油磺酸钡油溶液 与 750 克水 50 ∘ C 50 ∘ C 50^(@)C50^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 混合。向其中加入 282 克 BaO，然后加入由 460 克水、87 克 BaO 和 115 克对叔丁基苯酚组成的浆液（磺酸盐与酚类化合物的当量比为 0.77）。将团块在大约 100 ∘ C 100 ∘ C 100^(@)C100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .下搅拌半小时，然后加热至 200 ∘ C 200 ∘ C 200^(@)C200^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 。并在该温度下保持 2 小时。
The salt complex was separated by filtration. It was a red-brown, viscous liquid, and had the following properties:
过滤分离盐络合物。为红棕色粘稠液体，具有以下特性：
Basic No. 46.
Percent sulphate ash 27.9
Metal ratio  金属比例
2760 grams of a 30 % 30 % 30%30 \% oil solution of barium petroleum sulphonate containing 7.6 % 7.6 % 7.6%7.6 \% sulphate ash were mixed with 217 grams of BaO, 580 grams of water and 41 grams of diisobutenyl sulphonic acid in that order. The ratio of equivalents of sulphonate to sulphonic acid is 9 .
将 2760 克 30 % 30 % 30%30 \% 含 7.6 % 7.6 % 7.6%7.6 \% 硫酸盐灰分的石油磺酸钡油溶液 依次与 217 克 BaO、580 克水和 41 克二异丁烯基磺酸混合。磺酸盐与磺酸的当量之比为 9 。
The mass was heated for one hour at about 100 ∘ 100 ∘ 100^(@)100^{\circ} C., then the temperature was raised to 150 ∘ 150 ∘ 150^(@)150^{\circ} C. and maintained there for one hour. The salt complex was separated by filtration. It was a viscous, brown liquid, and had the following properties:
将质量块在大约 100 ∘ 100 ∘ 100^(@)100^{\circ} C. 下加热 1 小时，然后将温度升高到 150 ∘ 150 ∘ 150^(@)150^{\circ} C. 并保持在那里 1 小时。过滤分离盐络合物。它是一种粘稠的棕色液体，具有以下特性：

Percent sulphate ash

It should be noted that in all of the specific examples given above, the mahogany soaps were referred to as either calcium or barium petroleum sulphonate, and likewise a similar designation was used for the mahogany acid.
应该注意的是，在上面给出的所有具体例子中，桃花心木肥皂都被称为石油磺酸钙或钡，同样，桃花心木酸也使用了类似的名称。
Component A A AA-The oil soluble organic acid compounds used as starting materials
组分 A A AA - 用作起始原料的油溶性有机酸化合物
The organic acid compound used as one of the starting materials in our process may be the oil soluble organic acid themselves and/or an alkaline earth metal salt thereof. At this point it should be noted that whereas Mertes found it necessary to first prepare a normal metal salt and then react such normal salt with an additional amount of a salt-forming material, our process can be carried on as a one-step process by beginning with the oil-soluble organic acid. While it is possible to first prepare the normal metal salt of the organic acid in the usual way, by a conventional salt-forming procedure, and then begin our process by utilizing such normal metal salt as one of the starting materials, it may be more convenient to employ as the starting material the organic acid rather than the salt thereof. Our process is operable for the production of certain types of compounds when utilizing as starting materials any of the products produced by the prior art processes. Also, as a starting material, mixtures of acids and salts can be used to produce the complex. The variety of classes of organic acids which can be employed are, for example, sulphur acids, carboxylic acids, phosphorus acids, etc. of the aliphatic and cyclic types, and the corresponding thio-acids.
在我们的工艺中用作起始材料之一的有机酸化合物可以是油溶性有机酸本身和/或其碱土金属盐。在这一点上，应该注意的是，虽然 Mertes 发现有必要首先制备一种普通金属盐，然后将这种普通盐与额外量的成盐材料反应，而我们的工艺可以从油溶性有机酸开始，作为一步法进行。虽然可以先通过常规的成盐程序以通常的方式制备有机酸的正常金属盐，然后以这种普通金属盐作为起始材料之一开始我们的过程，但使用有机酸作为起始材料可能比使用有机酸的盐更方便。当使用现有技术工艺生产的任何产品作为起始材料时，我们的工艺可用于生产某些类型的化合物。此外，作为起始材料，可以使用酸和盐的混合物来生产复合物。可以使用的有机酸的种类包括，例如，脂肪族和环状类型的硫酸、羧酸、磷酸等，以及相应的硫代酸。
More specific examples of organic acids are the sulphur acids including sulphonic, sulphamic, sulphinic, thiosulphonic, etc., and of these the sulphonic acids will find particular application under the present invention. A more specific identification of the sulphonic acids is given hereinbelow.
有机酸的更具体的例子是硫酸，包括磺酸、磺酸、硫磺酸、硫磺酸等，其中磺酸在本发明中将得到特别的应用。下面给出了磺酸的更具体鉴定。
The carboxylic acids include the fatty acids wherein there are present at least about 12 carbon atoms, such as, for example, palmitic, stearic, myristic, oleic, linoleic, etc. acids. The carboxylic acids of the aliphatic type can contain elements in the aliphatic radical other than carbon and hydrogen; examples of such acids are the carbamic acids, ricinoleic acids, chlorostearic acids, nitro-lauric acids, etc. In addition to the aliphatic carboxylic acids, it is intended to employ the cyclic types such as those containing a benzenoid structure, i. e., benzene naphthalene, etc., and an oil-solubilizing radical or radicals having a total of at least about 15 to 18 carbon atoms. Such acids are the oil-soluble
羧酸包括脂肪酸，其中存在至少约 12 个碳原子，例如棕榈酸、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、油酸、亚油酸等。脂肪族型的羧酸在脂肪族自由基中可以含有除碳和氢以外的元素;这种酸的例子是氨基甲酸、蓖麻油酸、氯硬脂酸、硝基月桂酸等。除了脂肪族羧酸外，它还旨在采用环状类型，例如含有苯类结构的环状类型，即苯萘等，以及总共至少有约 15 至 18 个碳原子的油溶性自由基或自由基。这种酸是油溶性的
aliphatic substituted aromatic acids as for example, stearyl-benzoic acids, mono- or polywax substituted benzoic or naphthoic acids wherein the wax group contains at least about 18 carbon atoms, cetyl hydroxy-benzoic acids, etc. The cyclic type of carboxylic acids also includes those acids which have present in the compound a cycloaliphatic group. Examples of such acids are petroleum naphthenic acids, cetyl cyclohexane carboxylic acids, di-lauryl deca-hydronaphthalene carboxylic acids, di-octyl cyclopentane carboxylic acids, etc. It is also contemplated to employ the thio-carboxylic acids, that is, those carboxylic acids in which one or both of the oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group are replaced by sulphur. These carboxylic and thiocarboxylic acids can be represented by the following formulae:
脂肪族取代芳香酸，例如硬脂基苯甲酸、单蜡或多蜡取代的苯甲酸或石榴酸，其中蜡基包含至少约 18 个碳原子、鲸蜡基羟基苯甲酸等。环状羧酸还包括那些存在于化合物中的脂环族基团的酸。此类酸的例子是石油环烷酸、十六烷基环己烷羧酸、二十二烷基十氢萘羧酸、二辛基环戊烷羧酸等。还考虑使用硫代羧酸，即那些羧基的一个或两个氧原子被硫取代的羧酸。这些羧酸和硫代羧酸可以用以下公式表示：

I
II
我
第二

( R ′ ) x − T − CX 2 H R ′ x − T − CX 2 H (R^('))x-T-CX_(2)H\left(\mathrm{R}^{\prime}\right) \mathrm{x}-\mathrm{T}-\mathrm{CX}_{2} \mathrm{H}
R − CX 2 − H R − CX 2 − H R-CX_(2)-H\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{CX}_{2}-\mathrm{H}
wherein R ′ R ′ R^(')\mathrm{R}^{\prime} is an aliphatic radical, x x xx is at least 1 , and ( R ′ ) x R ′ x R^('))_(x)\left.R^{\prime}\right)_{x} contains a total of at least about 15 to 18 carbon atoms; T T TT is a cyclic nucleus such as benzene, naphthalene, diphenyl ether, diphenylene oxide, diphenyl sulphide, diphenylene sulphide, phenol, hydroxy-naphthalenes, phenol disulphides, petroleum naphthenes, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, chloro-cyclohexane, nitro-cyclopentane, deca-hydronaphthalene, mercapto-deca-hydro-naphthalene, etc.; and X X XX is either oxygen or sulphur. In Formula II, R R RR is an aliphatic group containing at least 12 carbon atoms and X X XX is either oxygen or sulphur. R , R ′ R , R ′ R,R^(')R, R^{\prime}, and T T TT can also contain other substituent groups such as nitro, amino, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, etc. Representative examples are nitro-stearic acids, ceryl-chloro-salicylic acids, chloro-palmitic acids, cetyl-anthranilic acids, stearyl-mercaptonaphthoic acids, etc.
R ′ R ′ R^(')\mathrm{R}^{\prime} 其中，是脂肪族自由基， x x xx 至少为 1 ，并且 （ R ′ ) x R ′ x R^('))_(x)\left.R^{\prime}\right)_{x} 总共包含至少约 15 至 18 个碳原子; T T TT 是苯、萘、二苯醚、二苯环氧乙烷、二苯基硫化物、二苯基硫化物、苯酚、羟基萘、苯酚二硫化物、石油环烷、环己烷、环戊烷、氯-环己烷、硝基-环戊烷、十氢萘、巯基-十氢-萘等的环状核; X X XX 是氧或硫。在公式 II 中， R R RR 是包含至少 12 个碳原子的脂肪族基团， X X XX 是氧或硫。 R , R ′ R , R ′ R,R^(')R, R^{\prime} T T TT ，还可以包含其他取代基如硝基、氨基、羟基、巯基、卤素等。代表性例子有硝基硬脂酸、鲸蜡基-氯-水杨酸、氯-棕榈酸、十六烷基-邻氨基苯甲酸、硬脂基-巯基腈酸等。
The phosphorus acids include tri- and pentavalent organic phosphorus acids and the corresponding thio-acids, which are, for example, phosphorus, phosphoric, thiophosphoric, thiophosphorous, phosphinic, phosphonic, thiophosphinic, thiophosphonic, etc. acids. Among the most useful of the phosphorus acids are those represented by the following formulae:
磷酸包括三价和五价有机磷酸和相应的硫代酸，例如，它们是磷、磷酸、硫代磷酸、硫代磷、膦酸、膦酸、硫代膦酸、硫代膦酸等。酸。其中最有用的磷酸是以下公式表示的磷酸：
I
II  第二
[R1][P+]([Z12])([Z12])[R1]R1P+Z12Z12R1
R ′ − X ′ R ′ − X ′ − P R ′ − X ′ R ′ − X ′ R ′ − X ′ − P R ′ − X ′ {:[R^(')-X^(')],[R^(')-X^(')-P],[R^(')-X^(')]:}\begin{aligned} & R^{\prime}-X^{\prime} \\ & R^{\prime}-X^{\prime}-P \\ & R^{\prime}-X^{\prime} \end{aligned}
wherein X X XX and X X XX are either oxygen or sulphur and at least one X X X\mathbf{X} and X ′ X ′ X^(')X^{\prime} is sulphur, and R R RR and R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} are each either the same or different organic radicals or hydrogen, and wherein at least one is an organic radical and at least one R R RR is hydrogen and wherein at least one R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} is an organic radical and at least one R R RR is hydrogen. Therefore, such formulae include the oil-soluble organic thio-acids of phosphorus, more particularly the organic thiophosphoric acids and the organic thiophosphorous acids. The organic radicals R R RR and R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic- and cycloaliphatic-substituted aromatic, etc. The organic radicals R R RR and R R RR ’ preferably contain a total of at least about 12 carbon atoms in each of the above thio-acid types I and II. Examples of such acids are dicapryl dithiophosphoric acids, di-(methyl-cyclohexyl)
X X XX 其中 和 X X XX 是氧或硫且至少一个 X X X\mathbf{X} 且 是 X ′ X ′ X^(')X^{\prime} 硫，且 R R RR 和 R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} 分别是相同或不同的有机自由基或氢，其中，至少一个是有机自由基，至少一个 R R RR 是氢，其中至少一个 R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} 是有机自由基且至少一个 R R RR 是氢。因此，此类分子式包括磷的油溶性有机硫代酸，特别是有机硫代磷酸和有机硫代磷酸。有机自由基 R R RR 可以是 R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} 脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族、脂肪族和脂环族取代芳烃等。有机自由基 R R RR 和 R R RR ' 优选地在上述硫代酸型 I 和 II 中的每种中含有总共至少 12 个碳原子。这种酸的例子是二辛基二硫代磷酸，二-（甲基-环己基）
dithiophosphoric acids, dilauryl dithiophosphoric acids, dicapryl dithiophosphorous acids, di-(methyl-cyclohexyl) dithiophosphorous acids, lauryl monothiophosphoric acids, di-(butyl-phenyl) dithiophosphoric acids, and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing acids.
二硫代磷酸、二月桂基二硫代磷酸、二辛基二硫代磷酸、二-（甲基-环己基）二硫代磷酸、月桂基单硫代磷酸、二-（丁基-苯基）二硫代磷酸，以及上述两种或两种以上酸的混合物。
Certain of the above described thio-acids of phosphorus such as for example di-capryl dithiophosphoric acid are also commonly referred to as acid esters.
上述某些磷的硫代酸，例如二辛基二硫代磷酸，通常也称为酸酯。
As indicated, our process is applicable not only when using the oil-soluble organic acid as such as one of the starting materials, but also the alkaline earth metal salts of such organic acids. The present process will produce a high metal content organo metallic material when as one of the starting materials one uses any of the metal organic complexes produced by the prior art workers, such as for example, Bergstrom, Griesinger, Campbell et al., and Mertes. We thus may utilize as a starting material the end product produced by these prior art workers and from them produce the novel high metal content complex of our invention.
如前所述，我们的工艺不仅适用于使用油溶性有机酸作为起始材料之一的情况，也适用于此类有机酸的碱土金属盐。当使用现有技术工作者（例如 Bergstrom、Griesinger、Campbell 等人和 Mertes）生产的任何金属有机络合物作为起始材料之一时，目前的工艺将产生高金属含量的有机金属材料。因此，我们可以利用这些现有技术工人生产的最终产品作为起始材料，并从中生产出我们发明的新型高金属含量复合物。
From the broad class of available organic acid compounds, it is preferred to employ the oilsoluble sulphonic acid compounds. Furthermore, of the available alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, the barium salts thereof are preferred for the reason that unexpectedly excellent results are obtained by the use thereof. These oil-soluble sulphonic acids, and the alkaline earth metal salts thereof can be represented by the following structural formulae:
从广泛的可用有机酸化合物类别中，优选使用油溶性磺酸化合物。此外，在有机酸的可用碱土金属盐中，其钡盐是优选的，因为使用它可以获得意想不到的优异结果。这些油溶性磺酸及其碱土金属盐可以用以下结构式表示：
[ R x − T − ( SO 3 ) y ] z M b R x − T − SO 3 y z M b [R_(x)-T-(SO_(3))_(y)]_(zM_(b))\left[\mathrm{R}_{x}-\mathrm{T}-\left(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)_{y}\right]_{z \mathrm{M}_{b}}
[ R ′ − ( SO 3 ) d ] d M c R ′ − SO 3 d d M c [R^(')-(SO_(3))_(d)]_(d)M_(c)\left[\mathrm{R}^{\prime}-\left(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)_{d}\right]_{d} \mathrm{M}_{c}
In the above formulae M M M\mathbf{M} is either an alkaline earth metal, preferably barium, or hydrogen; T T TT is a cyclic nucleus either of the mono- or polynuclear type including benzenoid or heterocyclic nuclei such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, diphenylene, thianthrene, phenothioxine, diphenylene sulphide, diphenylene oxide, diphenyl oxide, diphenyl sulphide, diphenyl amine, etc.: R R RR is an aliphatic group such as alkyl, alkenyl alkoxy, alkoxy-alkyl, carboalkoxy-alkyl, or aralkyl groups, x x xx is at least 1 , and R x R x RxR x contains a total of at least about 15 to 18 carbon atoms; R ′ R ′ R^(')\mathrm{R}^{\prime} in Formula II is an aliphatic radical containing a total of at least about 15 to 18 carbon atoms, and M M MM is either an alkaline earth metal, preferably barium, or hydrogen. When R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} is an aliphatic substituted cycloaliphatic group, the aliphatic substituent should contain a total of at least about 12 carbon atoms. Examples of types of the R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} radical are alkyl, alkenyl, and alkoxyalkyl radicals, and aliphatic substituted cycloaliphatic radicals where the aliphatic group is alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxy-alkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, etc. Specific examples of R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} are cetyl-cyclohexyl, lauryl-cyclohexyl, ceryloxyethyl, and octadecenyl radicals, and radicals derived from petrolatum, saturated and unsaturated paraffin wax, poly olefins, including poly- C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 , C 8 C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 , C 8 C_(3),C_(4),C_(5),C_(6),C_(7),C_(8)\mathrm{C}_{3}, \mathrm{C}_{4}, \mathrm{C}_{5}, \mathrm{C}_{6}, \mathrm{C}_{7}, \mathrm{C}_{8}, olefin hydrocarbons. The groups T , R T , R T,RT, R and R R RR ’ in the above formulae can also contain other organic or inorganic substituents in addition to those enumerated above, such as for example, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, nitro, amino, nitroso, carboxy, ester, etc.
在上述公式 M M M\mathbf{M} 中，要么是碱土金属，最好是钡，要么是氢; T T TT 是单核或多核类型的环状核，包括苯类或杂环核，如苯、萘、蒽、菲、二苯、硫、吩噻氧嘧啶、二苯硫醚、二苯醚、二苯醚、二苯醚、二苯基硫化物、二苯胺等： R R RR 是脂肪族基团，如烷基、烯基烷氧基、烷氧基-烷基、碳烷氧基-烷基或芳烷基， x x xx 至少为 1 ，并且 R x R x RxR x 总共包含至少 15 到 18 个碳原子; R ′ R ′ R^(')\mathrm{R}^{\prime} 在公式 II 中是脂肪族自由基，总共包含至少 15 到 18 个碳原子， M M MM 并且是碱土金属（最好是钡）或氢。当 R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} 是脂肪族取代的脂环族基团时，脂肪族取代基应包含至少约 12 个碳原子。自由基类型的 R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} 实例是烷基、烯基和烷氧基烷基自由基，以及脂肪族取代的脂环脂肪族自由基，其中脂肪族基团是烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基-烷基、碳烷氧基烷基等。具体的例子 R ′ R ′ R^(')R^{\prime} 是十六烷基-环己基、月桂酰-环己基、鲸蜡氧基乙基和十八烯基自由基，以及衍生自凡士林、饱和和不饱和石蜡、聚烯烃（包括聚烯烃） C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 , C 8 C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 , C 8 C_(3),C_(4),C_(5),C_(6),C_(7),C_(8)\mathrm{C}_{3}, \mathrm{C}_{4}, \mathrm{C}_{5}, \mathrm{C}_{6}, \mathrm{C}_{7}, \mathrm{C}_{8} 的自由基。、烯烃。 除上述列举的基团外，上述式中的基团 T , R T , R T,RT, R 和 R R RR ' 还可以包含其他有机或无机取代基，例如羟基、巯基、卤素、硝基、氨基、亚硝基、羧基、酯等。
In Formula I above, x , y , z x , y , z x,y,zx, y, z and b ˙ b ˙ b^(˙)\dot{b} are at least one; whereas in Formula II a a aa, d d dd, and c c cc are at least one.
在上面的公式 I 中， x , y , z x , y , z x,y,zx, y, z 和 b ˙ b ˙ b^(˙)\dot{b} 至少是一个;而在公式 II a a aa 中， d d dd 和 c c cc 至少是一个。
The following are specific examples of oil-
以下是油的具体示例-
soluble sulphonic acids coming within Formulae I and II above, and it is to be understood that such examples serve to also illustrate the alkaline earth metal salts of the sulphonic acids. In other words, for every sulphonic acid, it is intended that the alkaline earth metal salt thereof is also illustrated. This includes specifically, the barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium salts of the hereinbelow illustrated sulphonic acids.
可溶性磺酸属于上述公式 I 和 II，需要理解的是，这些例子也用于说明磺酸的碱土金属盐。换句话说，对于每种磺酸，还打算说明其碱土金属盐。具体包括以下图示的磺酸的钡、锶、钙和镁盐。
Such sulphonic acids are mahogany sulphonic acids; petrolatum sulphonic acids; mono- and polywax substituted naphthalene sulphonic, phenol sulphonic, diphenyl ether sulphonic, diphenyl ether disulphonic, naphthalene disulphide sulphonic, naphthalene disulphide disulphonic, diphenyl amine disulphonic, diphenyl amine sulphonic, thiophene sulphonic, alpha-chloronaphthalene sulphonic acids, etc.; other substituted sulphonic acids such as cetyl chlorobenzene sulphonic acids, cetyl-phenol sulphonic acids, cetyl-phenol disulphide sulphonic acids, cetyl-phenol mōno-sulphide sulphonic acids, cetoxy capryl-benzene sulphonie acids, di-cetyl thianthrene sulphonic acids, di-lauryl betanaphthol sulphonic acids, and di-capryl nitronaphthalene sulphonic acids; aliphatic sulphonic acids such as paraffin wax sulphonic acids, unsaturated paraffin wax sulphonic acids, hydroxy substituted paraffin wax sulphonic acids, tetraisobutylene suiphonic acids, tetra-amylene sulphonic acids; chloro-substituted paraffin wax sulphonic acids, nitroso paraffin wax sulphonic acids, etc.; cycloaliphatic sulphonic acids, such as petroleum naphthene sulphonic acids, cetylcyclopentyl sulphonic acids, lauryl-cyclo-hexyl sulphonic acids, bix - (diisobutyl) - cyclohexyl sulphonic acids, mono- and poly-wax substituted cyclohexyl sulphonic acids, etc.
这种磺酸是桃花心木磺酸;凡士林磺酸;单蜡和多蜡取代的萘磺酸、酚磺酸、二苯醚磺酸、二苯醚二磺酸、萘二硫化物、萘二硫化物二硫磺酸、二苯胺二硫磺酸、二苯胺磺酸、噻吩磺酸、α-氯萘磺酸等;其他取代磺酸，如十六烷基氯苯磺酸、十六烷基苯酚磺酸、十六烷基苯酚二硫化物磺酸、十六烷基苯酚二硫化物磺酸、十六烷基辛基苯磺酸、二鲸蜡基硫萘磺酸、二十二烷基甜菜萘酚磺酸和二辛基硝基萘磺酸;脂肪族磺酸，如石蜡磺酸、不饱和石蜡磺酸、羟基取代石蜡磺酸、四异丁烯磺酸、四戊基磺酸;氯取代石蜡磺酸、亚硝基石蜡磺酸等;脂环族磺酸，如石油环烷磺酸、十六烷基环戊基磺酸、月桂基-环己基磺酸、BIX - （二异丁基） - 环己基磺酸、单蜡和多蜡取代的环己基磺酸等。
With respect to the sulphonic acids, it is intended herein to employ the term “petroleum sulphonic acids” to cover all sulphonic acids which are derived from petroleum products. Additional examples of sulphonic acids and/or alkaline earth metal salts thereof which can be employed as starting materials are disclosed in the following U. S. patents: 2 , 174 , 110 ; 2 , 174 , 506 2 , 174 , 110 ; 2 , 174 , 506 2,174,110;2,174,5062,174,110 ; 2,174,506; 2 , 174 , 508 2 , 174 , 508 2,174,5082,174,508; 2 , 193 , 824 ; 2 , 197 , 800 ; 2 , 202 , 791 ; 2 , 212 , 786 ; 2 , 213 , − 2 , 193 , 824 ; 2 , 197 , 800 ; 2 , 202 , 791 ; 2 , 212 , 786 ; 2 , 213 , − 2,193,824;2,197,800;2,202,791;2,212,786;2,213,-2,193,824 ; 2,197,800 ; 2,202,791 ; 2,212,786 ; 2,213,- 360; 2,228,598; 2,233,676; 2,239,974; 2,263,312; 2,276,090; 2,276,097; 2,315,514; 2,319,121; 2,321, 022; 2;333;568; 2,333;788; 2,335,259;; 2,337,552; 2,346,568; 2,366,027; 2,374,193 and 2;383;319.
关于磺酸，本文旨在使用术语“石油磺酸”来涵盖源自石油产品的所有磺酸。可用作起始材料的磺酸和/或其碱土金属盐的其他实例在以下美国专利中公开： 2 , 174 , 110 ; 2 , 174 , 506 2 , 174 , 110 ; 2 , 174 , 506 2,174,110;2,174,5062,174,110 ; 2,174,506 ; 2 , 174 , 508 2 , 174 , 508 2,174,5082,174,508 ; 2 , 193 , 824 ; 2 , 197 , 800 ; 2 , 202 , 791 ; 2 , 212 , 786 ; 2 , 213 , − 2 , 193 , 824 ; 2 , 197 , 800 ; 2 , 202 , 791 ; 2 , 212 , 786 ; 2 , 213 , − 2,193,824;2,197,800;2,202,791;2,212,786;2,213,-2,193,824 ; 2,197,800 ; 2,202,791 ; 2,212,786 ; 2,213,- 360; 2,228,598; 2,233,676; 2,239,974; 2,263,312; 2,276,090; 2,276,097; 2,315,514; 2,319,121; 2,321， 022; 2;333;568;2,333;788;2,335,259;;2,337,552;2,346,568;2,366,027;2,374,193 和 2;383;319 页。
Of the various types of organic acids and: alkaline earth metal salts thereof enumerated above, i. e. sulphur acids, carboxylic acids; phosphorus acids, etc., it is preferred to employ the sulphur-bearing organic acids or alkaline: earth metal salts thereof. However, it is to be understood that all of organic acids and salts: thereof are not equivalent in their ability to complex with unusual amounts of inorganic alkaline earth metal compounds in the presence of a promoter, because under certain conditions, some: organic acids or salts thereof are more effective than others.
在各种类型的有机酸和：上面列举的碱土金属盐，即硫酸、羧酸;磷酸等，优选使用含硫有机酸或碱性：土金属盐。然而，需要理解的是，所有的有机酸和盐：在促进剂存在下与异常数量的无机碱土金属化合物复合的能力上并不等同，因为在某些条件下，一些：有机酸或其盐比其他的更有效。

Component B-The promoter material
组分 B - 促进子材料

The promoter employed in the process of this invention can be the organic compound Aifs wherein H H HH is hydrogen and A A AA is an anionic organic radical and/or the alkaline earth metalsalt thereof. More particularly, the organic compound: AXH is employed, wherein A and H are defined as: given above for the compound A H A H AHA H and X X XX is either oxygen or sulfur. Also the alkaline earth metal salt of AXH can be used alone or in admixture
在本发明的过程中采用的促进剂可以是有机化合物 AIFS，其中 H H HH 氢和 A A AA 阴离子有机自由基和/或其碱土金属盐。更具体地说，有机化合物：AXH 被采用，其中 A 和 H 定义为：上面给出的化合物 A H A H AHA H ， X X XX 是氧或硫。AXH 的碱土金属盐也可以单独使用或混合使用
with the compound AXHI. The compounds AH or AXH should have ionization constants measured in water at 25 ∘ 25 ∘ 25^(@)25^{\circ} C. greater than about 1 × 10 − 10 1 × 10 − 10 1xx10^(-10)1 \times 10^{-10}, water solubilities of at least about 0.0005 % 0.0005 % 0.0005%0.0005 \% at 50 ∘ C 50 ∘ C 50^(@)C50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. and saturated aqueous solutions of which at about 25 ∘ 25 ∘ 25^(@)25^{\circ} C. exhibit a pH not greater than seven.
与化合物 AXHI.化合物 AH 或 AXH 在水中 25 ∘ 25 ∘ 25^(@)25^{\circ} 测得的电离常数应大于约 1 × 10 − 10 1 × 10 − 10 1xx10^(-10)1 \times 10^{-10} C.，水溶性至少 0.0005 % 0.0005 % 0.0005%0.0005 \% 50 ∘ C 50 ∘ C 50^(@)C50^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 约为 C.，饱和水溶液 25 ∘ 25 ∘ 25^(@)25^{\circ} 的 pH 值不大于 7。
Generally, the ionizable organic compound or the alkaline metal salt thereof include a variety of classes of compounds such as, for example, phenolic compounds, enolizable organic nitro compounds, e. g., nitro-paraffins, lower molecular weight aromatic carboxylic acids, lower molecular weight organic thiophosphoric: acids, the lower molecular weight sulphonic acids, hydroxy aromatic compounds, lower molecular weight hydroxy aromatic acids, etc. To better illustrate the wide variety of classes of compounds which can be employed in forming the salt complexes in accordance with the present invention, specific examples are enumerated below. It is to be understood that while only the ionizable organic compounds are illustrated, it is intended that the alkaline earth metal sails thereof are included as specific examples. More specifically, the calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium salts of such illustrated ionizable organic compounds are intended.
通常，可电离有机化合物或其碱性金属盐包括多种类别的化合物，例如酚类化合物、可烯醇化有机硝基化合物，例如硝基石蜡、低分子量芳香族羧酸、低分子量有机硫代磷酸：酸、低分子量磺酸、羟基芳香族化合物、低分子量羟基芳香酸、 等。为了更好地说明根据本发明可用于形成盐络合物的各种化合物类别，下面列举了具体示例。需要理解的是，虽然仅说明了可电离的有机化合物，但其旨在将其碱土金属帆作为具体示例包括在内。更具体地说，这些图示的可电离有机化合物的钙、钡、锶和镁盐是预期的。
The “phenolic compound” referred to hereinabove is for the purpose of this specification and the appended claims an organic compound having a hydroxyl group attached directly to a carbon atom of a benzenoid ring, and which compound is with or without other substitutents on the benzenoid ring. It should likewise be understood that “a phenol” is a sub-class of a phenolic compound, in which there is only a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring or in addition to the hydroxyl group, there is also present in the molecule a single hydrocarbon group or a plurality thereof. Those phenolic compounds containing not more than 30 carbon atoms in the molecule are preferred as promoters.
上述所指的“酚类化合物”是为本说明书的目的，所附权利要求为一种有机化合物，其羟基直接连接到苯类环的碳原子上，并且该化合物在苯类环上含有或不含有其他取代物。同样应该理解，“苯酚”是酚类化合物的一个亚类，其中苯环上只有一个羟基，或者除了羟基之外，分子中还存在单个烃基或其多个烃基。分子中含有不超过 30 个碳原子的酚类化合物优选作为促进剂。
The ionizable organic compounds found useful as promoters are phenol; alkylated phenols such as, for example, cresols, xylenols, p-ethyl phenol, di-ethyl phenols, p-propyl-phenols, di-isopropylphenols, p-t-butyl-phenol, p-t-amyl phenol, p-cyclopentyl-phenol, p p pp-(4-methyl-cyclohexyl)phenol, sec.-hexyl-phenols, n-heptyl-phenols, di-isobutyl-phenols, 3 , 5 , 5 3 , 5 , 5 3,5,53,5,5-tri-methyl-n-hexyl-phenols, n-decyl-phenols, cetyl-phenols, etc.; aryl substituted phenols, e. g., phenyl phenol, diphenyl phenol, etc.; poly-hydroxy aromatic compounds such as alizarin, quinizarin or polyhydroxy benzenes, e. g., hydroquinone, catechol, pyrogallol, etc.; monohydroxy naphthalenes, e. g., a a ^(a){ }^{a}-naphthol, β β beta\beta-naphthol, etc.; polyhydroxy naphthalenes, e. g., naphthohydroquinone, naphthoresorcinol, etc.; the alkylated polyhydroxyaromatic compounds such as octylcatechols, tri-iso-butyl-pyrogallols, etc.; substituted phenols such as p-nitro-phenol, picric acid, o-chlorophenol, t-butyl-chlorophenols, p-nitro-o-chlorophenol, p-amino-phenol, etc.; lower molecular weight hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acids such as salicylic acid, chloro-salicylic acids, di-isopro-pyl-salicyclic acids, gallic acid, 4-hydroxy-1naphthoic acid, etc.; lower molecular weight aromatic sulphonic acids such as p-cresol sulphonic acids, p-t-butyl-phenol sulphonic acids, betanaphthol alpha-sulphonic acid, etc.; lower molecular weight aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, p-nitro-benzoic acid, o-chloro-benzoic: acid, p-toluic acid, p-t-butyl-benzoic acid;
发现可用作促进剂的可电离有机化合物是苯酚;烷基化酚，例如甲酚、二甲酚、对乙基酚、二乙基酚、对丙基酚、二异丙基酚、对叔丁基酚、对叔戊基酚、对环戊基苯酚、 p p pp -（4-甲基-环己基）酚、仲己基酚、正庚基酚、二异丁基酚、 3 , 5 , 5 3 , 5 , 5 3,5,53,5,5 -三甲基-正己基酚、正癸基-酚、十六烷基酚等;芳基取代酚类，如苯基苯酚、二苯基酚等;聚羟基芳香族化合物，如茜素、喹萜素或多羟基苯，如对苯二酚、儿茶酚、邻苯三酚等;单羟基萘，例如 a a ^(a){ }^{a} -萘酚、 β β beta\beta -萘酚等;聚羟基萘，例如萘氢醌、萘苯二酚等;烷基化的聚羟基芳香族化合物，如辛基邻苯二酚、三异丁基邻苯三酚等;取代酚类如对硝基苯酚、苦味酸、邻氯苯酚、叔丁基氯苯酚、对硝基邻氯苯酚、对氨基苯酚等;低分子量羟基芳香族羧酸，如水杨酸、氯水杨酸、二异戊基水杨酸、没食子酸、4-羟基-1萘甲酸等;低分子量芳香磺酸，如对甲酚磺酸、对叔丁基苯酚磺酸、甜菜萘酚α-磺酸等;低分子量芳香族羧酸，如苯甲酸、对硝基苯甲酸、邻氯苯甲酸：酸、对甲苯甲酸、对叔丁基苯甲酸;