红色文化双语读本
Red Culture Bilingual Reader

目 录

湖南红色人物
Hunan Red People

1.一代伟人-毛泽东
1. A great man of a generation - Mao Zedong

2.开国元勋-刘少奇
2. Founding Father - Liu Shaoqi

3.横刀立马-彭德怀
3. Horizontal knife - Peng Dehuai

4.戎马一生-贺 龙
4. Rong Ma Sheng-He Long

5.传奇战神-粟 裕
5. The legendary god of war - Su Yu

6.政工巨匠-罗荣桓
6. Political and industrial giants - Luo Ronghuan

7.巾帼英雄-向警予
7. Women Heroes - Xiang Jingyu

8.国士无双-任弼时
8. Warrior of the country - Ren Bishi

9.骄阳风骨-杨开慧
9. Sun Wind Bone - Yang Kaihui

10.无衔元帅-滕代远
10. Marshal without title - Teng Daiyuan

湖南红色故事
Hunan Red Story

1.湖南四次著名起义与湘籍将领
1. Four famous uprisings in Hunan and Hunan generals

2.湖南通道：红军八壮士大坡界跳崖
2. Hunan Passage: The Red Army's eight heroes jumped off the cliff at the slope boundary

3.藏在衣柜里的父子情
3. Father-son love hidden in the closet

4.任弼时的“三怕”与“骆驼精神”
4. Ren Bi's "three fears" and "camel spirit"

5.彭德怀与昭山“将军渡”
5. Peng Dehuai and Zhaoshan "General Crossing"

6.粟裕的蓝灰色便服
6. Su Yu's blue-gray casual clothes

7.一个竹碗寄深情
7. A bamboo bowl sends affection

8.罗荣桓元帅给子女留下的“传家宝”
8. The "heirloom" left by Marshal Luo Ronghuan to his children

9. 她是“老革命”，却不做高官甘当“园丁”
9. She is an "old revolutionary", but she is not a high-ranking official and is willing to be a "gardener"

10．陈云凤，毛主席称赞的革命母亲
10. Chen Yunfeng, the revolutionary mother praised by Chairman Mao

湖南红色精神
Hunan Red Spirit

1.韶山精神
1. Shaoshan spirit

2.通道转兵精神
2. The spirit of channel transfer

3.平江起义革命精神
3. The revolutionary spirit of the Pingjiang Uprising

4.秋收起义精神
4. The spirit of the Autumn Harvest Uprising

5.雷锋精神
5. Lei Feng spirit

6.半条被子精神
6. Half quilt spirit

7.断肠铭志精神
7. Break the spirit of inscription

湖南红色遗址
Hunan Red Ruins

1.毛泽东故居：伟人故里-韶山冲
1. Mao Zedong's former residence: the hometown of the great man - Shaoshan Chong

2.岳麓山红色教育基地：一座岳麓山，半部近代史
2. Yuelu Mountain Red Education Base: A Yuelu Mountain, half of modern history

3.芷江抗战受降纪念旧址：八年烽火起卢沟,
3. Zhijiang Anti-Japanese War Surrender Memorial Site: Eight years of beacon fire from Lugou,

一纸降书落芷江
A piece of paper fell to Zhijiang

4.平江起义纪念馆：一声惊雷，助燃“星星之火”
4. Pingjiang Uprising Memorial Hall: A thunderclap fueled the "spark"

5.衡阳抗战纪念城：中国唯一的“抗战纪念城”
5. Hengyang Anti-Japanese War Memorial City: China's only "Anti-Japanese War Memorial City"

6.通道转兵:红军走出口袋阵
6. Passage to transfer troops: The Red Army walked out of the pocket formation

7.南岳忠烈祠：衡山有幸埋忠骨，百万烈士魂归处
7. Nanyue Martyrs' Shrine: Hengshan is fortunate to bury the bones of the faithful, and the souls of millions of martyrs return

第一章 湖南红色人物
Chapter 1 Hunan Red People

一代伟人-毛泽东
A great man of a generation - Mao Zedong

毛泽东（1893年12月26日－1976年9月9日），字润之，笔名子任。湖南湘潭人。他是中国共产党创始人之一，也是中国人民解放军和中华人民共和国的主要缔造者和领导人。1949至1976年，毛泽东担任中华人民共和国最高领导人,是中华人民共和国第一任主席。他对马克思列宁主义的发展、军事理论的贡献以及对共产党的理论贡献被称为毛泽东思想。毛泽东被视为现代世界历史中最重要的人物之一，《时代》杂志也将他评为20世纪最具影响100人之一。
Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893 - September 9, 1976), the name Runzhi, pen name Ziren. A native of Xiangtan, Hunan. He was one of the founders of the Communist Party of China and the main founder and leader of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the People's Republic of China. From 1949 to 1976, Mao Zedong served as the supreme leader of the People's Republic of China and was the first chairman of the People's Republic of China. His contributions to the development of Marxism-Leninism, military theory, and the theoretical contributions to the Communist Party are known as Mao Zedong Thought. Mao Zedong is regarded as one of the most important figures in modern world history, and Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.

毛泽东肖像
Portrait of Mao Zedong

创建了一个新中国
A new China was created

中华人民共和国：毛泽东同志同他的战友们领导中国共产党和中国人民，经过长期艰苦卓绝的斗争，经历了多次挫折和失败，克服了千难万险，在几次危急的时刻力挽狂澜，出奇制胜地挽救了革命，最终取得了革命的胜利，创建了新中国。
People's Republic of China: Comrade Mao Zedong and his comrades-in-arms led the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people to win the victory of the revolution and establish New China after a long and arduous struggle, experienced many setbacks and defeats, overcame thousands of difficulties and dangers, turned the tide at several critical moments, saved the revolution with surprise victory, and finally won the victory of the revolution and founded New China.

新中国成立
The People's Republic of China was

建设了一个先进的党
An advanced party was built

中国共产党：近代以来，为了救国救民、改变旧中国的悲惨命运，无数志士仁人和各式各样的政治力量纷纷提出各自的救国主张，有改良的，也有比较激进的。但是这些主张都不灵，没有一个能够解决中国的问题。以马克思列宁主义为指导思想的中国共产党一成立，情况就开始发生根本的变化。诚如毛泽东同志所指出的：“自从有了中国共产党，中国革命的面目就焕然一新了。”说毛泽东同志的贡献最大，不只是因为他参与了中国共产党的创建，是党的创始人之一，更主要的是因为他根据马克思特别是列宁的党建理
Communist Party of China: In modern times, in order to save the country and the people and change the tragic fate of old China, countless people with lofty ideals and various political forces have put forward their own proposals for saving the country, some reformist and some more radical. But none of these propositions worked, and none of them solved China's problems. As soon as the Communist Party of China (CPC), which takes Marxism-Leninism as its guiding ideology, was founded, the situation began to undergo fundamental changes. As Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "Since the establishment of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese revolution has taken on a completely new look. "Comrade Mao Zedong made the greatest contribution not only because he participated in the founding of the Communist Party of China and was one of the founders of the party, but more importantly, because he was based on the principles of Marx, especially Lenin论，紧密联系中国革命斗争的实际，形成了中国共产党一套完整的党建学说。
In close connection with the reality of China's revolutionary struggle, a complete set of party building theories of the Communist Party of China has been formed.

缔造了一支人民的军队
A people's army has been created

中国人民解放军：为建设和培育这支军队，毛泽东同志耗费了大半生的心血。从三湾改编决定党的支部建在连上，制定三大纪律、六项注意，到古田会议总结建军两年多的经验作出决议，明确红军是一个执行革命的政治任务的武装集团，使红军肃清了旧式军队的影响，完全建立在马克思列宁主义的基础上，整个红军成为真正的人民军队，毛泽东同志的建军路线基本形成。以后，经过抗日战争、人民解放战争，毛泽东同志的建军思想不断丰富和发展。
Chinese People's Liberation Army: Comrade Mao Zedong spent most of his life building and cultivating this army. From the reorganization of Sanwan and the decision to establish the party branch in the company, the formulation of the three major disciplines and the six points of attention, to the Gutian Conference's decision to sum up the experience of more than two years of army building and make it clear that the Red Army is an armed group that carries out revolutionary political tasks, the Red Army has been wiped out of the influence of the old-style army, completely built on the basis of Marxism-Leninism, and the entire Red Army has become a real people's army, and Comrade Mao Zedong's army building line has basically taken shape. Later, through the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the People's Liberation War, Comrade Mao Zedong's thinking on army building was constantly enriched and developed.

创立了一个科学理论
A scientific theory was created

毛泽东思想：毛泽东同志把产生于欧洲的先进科学理论——马克思主义创造性地运用到中国这个农民占人口绝大多数的经济文化落后的东方大国，紧密结合中国实际，并汲取中华文明之精华，创立了毛泽东思想，开辟了马克思主义中国化道路。这个理论生长在中国这片土地上并已深深扎根在这片土地上。它具有彻底性、深刻性、严密性、实践性等特点，具有很强的说服力，又体现了新鲜活泼的、为中国老百姓所喜闻乐见的中国作风和中国气派。这个理论培养了一代又一代中国共产党人。这个理论被广大人民群众掌握，就变成改造和建设中国的巨大物质力量。
Mao Zedong Thought: Comrade Mao Zedong creatively applied Marxism, an advanced scientific theory originating in Europe, to China, a large economically and culturally backward country in the East where peasants account for the vast majority of the population, closely integrated with China's reality, and absorbed the essence of Chinese civilization, founded Mao Zedong Thought, and opened up the road of Sinicization of Marxism. This theory has grown on the soil of China and has been deeply rooted in this land. It has the characteristics of thoroughness, profundity, rigor, and practicality, has strong persuasive power, and embodies the fresh and lively Chinese style and style that the Chinese people like to see. This theory has cultivated generation after generation of Chinese Communists. When this theory is grasped by the broad masses of the people, it will become a tremendous material force for transforming and building China.

开国元勋-刘少奇
Founding Father - Liu Shaoqi

刘少奇(1898年11月24日-1969年11月12日)，生于湖南省宁乡县，伟大的马克思主义者，伟大的无产阶级革命家、政治家、理论家，党和国家主要领导人之一，中华人民共和国开国元勋，是以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体的重要成员。
Liu Shaoqi (November 24, 1898-November 12, 1969), born in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, was a great Marxist, a great proletarian revolutionary, politician, theoretician, one of the main leaders of the party and the state, the founding father of the People's Republic of China, and an important member of the party's first generation of central leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core.

刘少奇肖像
Portrait of Liu Shaoqi

刘少奇同志是我们党领导的工人运动的著名领袖和主要领导者，是党的正确路线在白区工作中的杰出代表。
Comrade Liu Shaoqi is a well-known leader and principal leader of the workers' movement led by our party and an outstanding representative of the party's correct line in the work in the white areas.

建党初期和大革命时期，他参与领导安源工人运动、省港大罢工、武汉工人夺回英租界的斗争。大革命失败后，刘少奇同志坚持战斗在白色恐怖笼罩的上海、北平、天津、哈尔滨等地。他坚持从实际出发，独立思考，善于创造性地开展工作，同党内"左"倾错误进行坚决斗争。
In the early years of the founding of the Party and during the Great Revolution, he participated in leading the Anyuan workers' movement, the general strike in Hong Kong and Guangdong, and the struggle of the workers in Wuhan to regain the British Concession. After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Comrade Liu Shaoqi insisted on fighting in Shanghai, Beiping, Tianjin, Harbin and other places shrouded in the White Terror. He persisted in proceeding from reality, thinking independently, being good at carrying out work creatively, and waging a resolute struggle against the "leftist" mistakes within the party.

刘少奇同志在对敌斗争中机智沉着，立场坚定。他两次被反动统治阶级逮捕，都坚贞不屈。在革命紧急关头，他总是不避艰险，到最困难的地方去，挑最重的担子。
Comrade Liu Shaoqi was tactful and calm in the struggle against the enemy and took a firm stand. He was arrested twice by the reactionary ruling class, both of which remained steadfast and unyielding. At the critical juncture of the revolution, he always did not shy away from hardships and dangers, went to the most difficult places, and carried the heaviest burdens.

中华人民共和国成立后，刘少奇当选为中央人民政府副主席。他在制定国家政治、经济、文化、教育、外交等方针政策方面发挥了重要作用。1950年在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全国委员会第二次会议上作了《关于土地改革问题的报告》。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Shaoqi was elected vice chairman of the Central People's Government. He played an important role in formulating the country's political, economic, cultural, educational, and foreign policies. In 1950, at the second session of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, he delivered the Report on the Issue of Land Reform.

1954年在第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上作了《关于中华人民共和国宪法草案的报告》，并当选为全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长。
In 1954, at the first session of the First National People's Congress, he made a report on the draft constitution of the People's Republic of China and was elected chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

1956年9月，在中共第八次全国代表大会上代表中共中央作政治报告，为新时期社会主义事业的发展和党的建设规定了方向。在八届一中全会上当选为中共中央副主席。
In September 1956, he made a political report on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which set the direction for the development of the socialist cause and party building in the new period. At the First Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, he was elected vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee.

1959年4月，在第二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上当选为中华人民共和国主席、国防委员会主席。六十年代初期，中国的经济发生了严重的困难，刘少奇进行了大量的调查研究，参与制定了一系列重要的政策措施，使国民经济得到了恢复和发展。从1963年到1966年，他先后到印度尼西亚、缅甸、柬埔塞、越南、朝鲜、巴基斯坦、阿富汗等国进行了友好访问。
In April 1959, he was elected President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the National Defense Commission at the first session of the Second National People's Congress. In the early 60s, when China's economy experienced serious difficulties, Liu Shaoqi conducted a great deal of investigation and study and participated in the formulation of a series of important policies and measures, which enabled the national economy to recover and develop. From 1963 to 1966, he successively visited Indonesia, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, North Korea, Pakistan, Afghanistan and other countries.

刘少奇同志几十年如一日，为党的巩固和发展，为新民主主义革命的胜利，为社会主义革命和社会主义建设事业的胜利，为反帝反殖和国际共产主义运动的开展，进行了不懈的斗争，建立了不朽的功绩，赢得了全党全军全国各族人民的爱戴和尊敬。  
Comrade Liu Shaoqi has waged unremitting struggles for the consolidation and development of the party, the victory of the new democratic revolution, the victory of the socialist revolution and socialist construction, and the development of the anti-imperialist, anti-colonial, and international communist movements, and has made immortal achievements, winning the love and respect of the whole party, the whole army, and the people of all nationalities throughout the country.

横刀立马-彭德怀
Horizontal knife immediately - Peng Dehuai

彭德怀（1898年10月24日－1974年11月29日），名清宗，后改德怀，小名锺伢子，湖南湘潭人，湖南陆军军官讲武堂毕业，军事家、开国元勋，元帅军衔。 1928年加入中国共产党，曾与毛泽东、朱德等共同开辟江西根据地。抗日战争中任八路军副总司令，发动百团大战。第二次国共内战时期，任中共中央军委副主席兼总参谋长，攻占西北五省。新中国成立后，任中央人民政府人民革命军事委员会副主席、西北军政委员会主席。
Peng Dehuai (October 24, 1898-November 29, 1974), known as Qingzong, later changed to Dehuai, nicknamed Zhong Yanzi, a native of Xiangtan, Hunan, graduated from the Hunan Army Martial Arts Hall, a military strategist, a founding father, and the rank of marshal. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1928 and worked with Mao Zedong and Zhu De to open up the Jiangxi base area. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army and launched the Battle of the Hundred Regiments. During the Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War, he served as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and Chief of General Staff, and captured five northwestern provinces. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as vice chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government and chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Commission.

彭德怀肖像
Portrait of Peng Dehuai

1928年7月，彭德怀与滕代远、黄公略率部发动平江起义，成立红军第五军，任军长。
In July 1928, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, and Huang Gongluo led their troops to launch the Pingjiang Uprising, established the Fifth Army of the Red Army, and served as the commander.

1931年11月，彭德怀任中央革命军事委员会副主席。他参与指挥了第一、第二、第三次反“围剿”，在中央苏区历次反“围剿”中，他是前线主要指挥员之一，所率3军团屡建战功，在保卫中央革命根据地的战斗中屡建功勋。在第五次反“围剿”中，逐渐认识到“左”倾冒险主义的危害，曾对错误的军事指挥提出严肃的批评。
In November 1931, Peng Dehuai was appointed vice chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. He participated in and commanded the first, second, and third anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaigns, and he was one of the main commanders of the front line in all the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaigns in the Central Soviet Region. During the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, he gradually realized the harm of "leftist" adventurism and seriously criticized the erroneous military command.

1935年1月，彭德怀参加遵义会议，拥护毛泽东的正确主张。红一、红四方面军会合后，同张国焘的反党分裂活动进行了坚决斗争。11月任西北革命军事委员会副主席、红军第一方面军司令员，参与指挥了直罗镇战役。 1936年，彭德怀被补选为中共中央政治局委员，先后任抗日先锋军司令员、西北野战军司令员兼政治委员，参加指挥了东征和西征。抗日战争时期，任八路军副总指挥（第十八集团军副总司令），协助朱德指挥八路军深入敌后，开展游击战争，开辟华北抗日根据地。
In January 1935, Peng Dehuai attended the Zunyi Conference and supported Mao Zedong's correct ideas. After the 1st and 4th Front Armies of the Red Army converged, they waged a resolute struggle against Zhang Guotao's anti-party separatist activities. In November, he was appointed vice chairman of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Committee and commander of the First Front Army of the Red Army, and participated in the command of the Battle of Zhiluozhen. In 1936, Peng Dehuai was by-elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and successively served as the commander of the Anti-Japanese Vanguard Army, the commander and political commissar of the Northwest Field Army, and participated in and commanded the Eastern and Western Expeditions. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army (deputy commander-in-chief of the 18th Group Army), and assisted Zhu De in commanding the Eighth Route Army to go deep behind enemy lines, carry out guerrilla warfare, and open up anti-Japanese base areas in North China.

1940年秋，彭德怀在华北组织发动百团大战，使日本侵略军受到沉重打击。1943年9月回延安，协助毛泽东、朱德指挥华北敌后抗战。 解放战争时期，放弃延安后，指挥3万部队在陕北与敌23万人周旋作战，连战皆捷，挫败国民党军对陕北的重点进攻，扭转了西北战局，有力地配合了人民解放军在其他战场的作战。在战略决战阶段，率部解放了西北五省。 1950年10月，彭德怀出任中国人民志愿军司令员兼政治委员，指挥中国人民志愿军赴朝鲜作战。经过著名的五次战役，粉碎了美军对朝鲜北部的进攻，迫使美国在停战协定上签字。
In the autumn of 1940, Peng Dehuai organized and launched the Battle of 100 Regiments in North China, which dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invading army. In September 1943, he returned to Yan'an and assisted Mao Zedong and Zhu De in commanding the War of Resistance behind enemy lines in North China. During the War of Liberation, after abandoning Yan'an, he commanded 30,000 troops to fight against the enemy's 230,000 troops in northern Shaanxi, winning successive battles, thwarting the Kuomintang army's key offensive in northern Shaanxi, turning the tide of the war in the northwest, and effectively cooperating with the operations of the People's Liberation Army in other battlefields. In the stage of strategic decisive battle, he led his troops to liberate the five northwestern provinces. In October 1950, Peng Dehuai became the commander and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteers, commanding the Chinese People's Volunteers to fight in Korea. After the famous five battles, the American offensive in northern Korea was crushed, forcing the United States to sign the armistice agreement.

1954年后，彭德怀任国务院副总理兼国防部长、国防委员会副主席，他以极大的魄力，领导实行军队组织机构和重大制度的改革，改善武器装备，组建技术兵种，举办各类军事学校和研究机构，实施正规的军政训练，建立第一线国防筑城体系，促进人民解放军在保持优良传统的基础上，实现从单一兵种到诸军兵种合成军队的历史性转变。对中国人民解放军的现代化、正规化建设，做出了卓越的贡献。
After 1954, Peng Dehuai served as vice premier of the State Council, minister of national defense, and vice chairman of the National Defense Commission; with great courage, he led the reform of the army's organizational structure and major systems, improved weapons and equipment, organized technical arms, set up various types of military schools and research institutes, carried out regular military and political training, established a first-line national defense and city building system, and promoted the People's Liberation Army to realize the historic transformation of the PLA from a single branch of the armed forces to a combined army of various services and arms on the basis of maintaining its fine traditions. He has made outstanding contributions to the modernization and regularization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

戎马一生-贺龙
Rong Ma Life-He Long

贺龙（1896年3月22日-1969年6月9日），原名贺文常， 字云卿。 湖南桑植人。伟大的无产阶级革命家、军事家，中国人民解放军的创始人和主要领导者之一。 他在半个多世纪的革命斗争生涯中，为中国的旧民主主义革命、新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设，做出了重要贡献，建立了不朽功勋。
He Long (March 22, 1896 - June 9, 1969), formerly known as He Wenchang, was Yunqing. Hunan Sangzhi people. A great proletarian revolutionary, military strategist, one of the founders and main leaders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. In his career of revolutionary struggle of more than half a century, he made important contributions to China's old democratic revolution, new democratic revolution, and socialist revolution and construction, and made immortal meritorious contributions.

贺龙肖像
Portrait of He Long

贺龙出生在桑植县洪家关一户贫苦农民家庭，他生性豪爽，英武刚健，胆识超群，但由于家境贫寒，念私塾三年，便辍学务农。少年的贺龙喜欢舞棍弄刀，14岁时跟着大姐夫谷吉庭奔走湘川鄂边贩运盐棉，备受豪强欺凌，于是从此立志广交朋友，打遍天下不平之事。
He Long was born in a poor peasant family in Hongjiaguan, Sangzhi County, he was bold by nature, heroic and strong, and had outstanding courage, but due to his poor family background, he dropped out of school to work in agriculture after three years of private school. When he was 14 years old, he followed his eldest brother-in-law Gu Jiting to Xiangchuan and Hubei to sell salt and cotton, and was bullied by the powerful, so he was determined to make friends and fight all over the world.

1913年，贺龙加入“哥老会”成为龙头老幺，1914年由陈图南介绍加入中华革命党。1915年，为策应蔡锷起义，在派往沅陵兵运时被抓。营救出狱后，翌年3月，贺龙便发起了震惊全国的“两把菜刀闹革命”事件。随后成立桑植讨袁民军，被推为总指挥，从此正式走向了他的戎马一生。
In 1913, He Long joined the "Elders' Association" and became the leading elder, and in 1914, he was introduced by Chen Tunan to join the Chinese Revolutionary Party. In 1915, in response to Cai's uprising, he was arrested when he was sent to Yuanling for military transport. After being rescued from prison, in March of the following year, He Long launched the "Two Kitchen Knives Revolution" incident that shocked the whole country. Subsequently, Sang Zhi was established to fight against Yuan Minjun, and he was promoted to the commander-in-chief, and since then he has officially walked towards his life as a horse.

1920年到1923年，贺龙先后担任湘西靖国民军林修海部梯队长、湖南13区剿匪第二支队队长、川东边防军警备旅长、川军第9混成旅长。1924年，他率部由川返湘，任讨贼联军1师师长。1926年，贺龙响应广东国民政府北伐宣言，由黔入湘，任国民革命军8军6师师长兼湘西镇守使。
From 1920 to 1923, He Long successively served as the captain of the echelon of the Lin Xiuhai Department of the Jingguo Army in Xiangxi, the captain of the second detachment of the 13th District of Hunan to suppress bandits, the commander of the garrison brigade of the eastern Sichuan frontier army, and the commander of the 9th mixed brigade of the Sichuan army. In 1924, he led his troops from Sichuan to Hunan and served as the commander of the 1st Division of the Coalition Army. In 1926, He Long responded to the declaration of the Northern Expedition of the Guangdong National Government, entered Hunan from Guizhou, and served as the commander of the 6th Division of the 8th Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the guard of Xiangxi Town.

1927年，贺龙东下武汉，进驻鄂城整编，任独立15师师长，当年4至5月，率部“二次北伐”，出师河南，连克逍遥镇、许昌，占领开封，重创奉军，被誉为北伐劲旅“钢军”，6月晋升为20军军长。之后，贺龙并没有居功自傲，而是继续为党为人民艰苦奋斗，在蒋介石、汪精卫相继叛变之后，贺龙挥师“东征”讨伐蒋介石，8月1日与周恩来、叶挺、朱德、刘伯承等，发动并领导了南昌起义担任义军总指挥。同年，在瑞金由周逸群等介绍，加入中国共产党。
In 1927, He Long went east to Wuhan, stationed in Echeng for reorganization, served as the commander of the independent 15th Division, from April to May of that year, led the "Second Northern Expedition", went out of Henan, Lianke Xiaoyao Town, Xuchang, occupied Kaifeng, and severely damaged the Feng Army, known as the Northern Expedition "Steel Army", and was promoted to the commander of the 20th Army in June. After Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei rebelled one after another, He Long waved his army to "go eastward" to crusade against Chiang Kai-shek, and on August 1, he launched and led the Nanchang Uprising as the commander-in-chief of the rebel army. In the same year, he was introduced by Zhou Yiqun and others in Ruijin and joined the Communist Party of China.

经过一系列艰苦奋斗，反“围剿”，1934年春，贺龙率部辗转桑植、永顺等地，5月入黔，建立黔东特区，随后贺龙担任红二、六今天总指挥兼红二军团团长。11月获永顺十万坪大捷，歼敌两个旅。同年12月，创建了湘鄂川黔根据地，任革委会、军委分会主席和省军区司令员。
After a series of arduous struggles against "encirclement and suppression", in the spring of 1934, He Long led his troops to Sangzhi, Yongshun and other places, entered Guizhou in May, and established the Qiandong Special Economic Zone. In November, he won a great victory of 100,000 square meters in Yongshun and annihilated two enemy brigades. In December of the same year, he founded the Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Base Area, and served as chairman of the Revolutionary Committee, the Military Commission Branch, and the commander of the provincial military district.

解放战争时期，贺龙任西北军区司令兼西北军政干校校长、中共西北局第二书记。为保卫陕甘宁边区，负责西北战场后勤保障和根据地建设，组织解放军大反攻，为建立人民共和国立下不朽功勋。1955年9月，被授予中华人民共和国元帅军衔。
During the Liberation War, He Long served as the commander of the Northwest Military Region, the principal of the Northwest Military and Political Cadre School, and the second secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Communist Party of China. In order to defend the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region, he was responsible for the logistics support of the northwest battlefield and the construction of base areas, organized a large-scale counteroffensive of the People's Liberation Army, and made immortal contributions to the establishment of the People's Republic. In September 1955, he was awarded the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China.

传奇战神-粟裕
The legendary god of war - Su Yu

粟裕（1907年8月10日-1984年2月5日），幼年起名粟多珍、志裕，侗族，生于湖南会同。中国卓越的无产阶级革命家、杰出的军事家、战略家，中国人民解放军高级将领，中华人民共和国十大大将之首。
Su Yu (August 10, 1907 - February 5, 1984), known as Su Duozhen and Zhiyu since childhood, was born in Hunan. China's outstanding proletarian revolutionary, outstanding military strategist, senior general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and the first of the ten major generals of the People's Republic of China.

粟裕肖像
Portrait of Su Yu

1926年加入中国共产主义青年团。1927年5月参加叶挺为师长的国民革命军第24师，任教导队班长。同年6月转入中国共产党。参加了南昌起义和
In 1926, he joined the Chinese Communist Youth League. In May 1927, he joined the 24th Division of the National Revolutionary Army with Ye Ting as the division commander and served as the squad leader of the teaching team. In June of the same year, he was transferred to the Communist Party of China. Participated in the Nanchang Uprising and湘南起义。曾任中国工农红军第一军团的连长、营长、支队长、师长、军参谋长，第七军团参谋长等职，参加创建中央革命根据地的斗争和历次反“围剿”。1934年7月起，参与指挥红军北上抗日先遣队，转战闽浙皖赣边，任挺进师师长、闽浙军区司令员，在国民党统治的腹心地区开辟浙南游击根据地，挫败了
Uprising. He served as company commander, battalion commander, detachment commander, division commander, chief of staff of the First Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and chief of staff of the Seventh Army Corps. From July 1934, he participated in the command of the Red Army's anti-Japanese advance team in the north, transferred to Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi, and served as the commander of the advance division and the commander of the Fujian-Zhejiang Military Region国民党军多次“围剿”，在与中共中央失去联系的情况下，坚持了极其艰苦的3年游击战争。抗日战争爆发后，任新四军第2支队副司令员，先遣支队司令员，新四军江南指挥部、苏北指挥部副指挥。协助陈毅开辟江南、苏北抗日根据地，参与指挥黄桥等战役战斗。皖南事变后，任新四军第1
"Encirclement and suppression", when it lost contact with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, persisted in an extremely arduous guerrilla war for three years. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the deputy commander of the 2nd detachment of the New Fourth Army, the commander of the advance detachment, and the deputy commander of the Jiangnan Command and the Northern Jiangsu Command of the New Fourth Army. Assisted Chen Yi in opening up anti-Japanese base areas in Jiangnan and northern Jiangsu, and participated in the command of Huangqiao and other battles. After the Southern Anhui Incident, he served as the 1st of the New Fourth Army师师长(后兼政治委员）、苏中军区司令员兼政治委员、苏中区党委书记，领导苏中军民挫败日伪军频繁的“扫荡”、“清乡”，坚持和巩固了苏中抗日民主根据地。1944年底任苏浙军区司令员兼政治委员 、
The division commander (later concurrently concurrently the political commissar), the commander and political commissar of the Soviet-Chinese Military Region, and the secretary of the party committee of the Soviet-Chinese Military Region, led the Soviet-Chinese military and civilians to thwart the frequent "sweeps" and "township clearances" of the Japanese puppet army, and upheld and consolidated the Soviet-Chinese anti-Japanese democratic base areas. At the end of 1944, he served as the commander and political commissar of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Military Region.苏浙区党委书记
Secretary of the Party Committee of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Districts。日本投降后，任华中军区副司令员、华中野战军司令员。1946年，同谭震林一起指挥了苏中战役。山东、华中野战军会师后，参与指挥宿北、鲁南战役。1947年1月，任华东野战军副司令员，在陈毅领导下，负责战役指挥，进行了莱芜、孟良
。 After Japan's surrender, he served as deputy commander of the Central China Military Region and commander of the Central China Field Army. In 1946, together with Tan Zhenlin, he commanded the Soviet-Chinese campaign. After the Shandong and Central China Field Armies joined divisions, they participated in the command of the Subei and Lunan campaigns. In January 1947, he served as the deputy commander of the East China Field Army, and under the leadership of Chen Yi, he was responsible for the command of the campaign, and carried out Laiwu and Mengliang崮等战役。后和陈毅指挥华东野战军外线兵团，与刘（伯承）
and other battles. Later, he and Chen Yi commanded the outer line corps of the East China Field Army, and Liu (Bocheng)邓（小平）、陈（
(Xiaoping), Chen(赓）谢（富治）大军密切协同，挺进中原。陈毅到中原局和中原军区工作期间，他任华东野战军代司令员、代政治委员，指挥了豫东战役 。同年9月，组织指挥济南战役。11月起，任中共淮海前线总前委成员，参与指挥淮海战役，直接指挥华东野战军作战。1949年1月，任第三野战军副司令员，参与指挥渡江战役，组织指挥上海战役。南京、上海解放后，兼任华东军政委员会副主席。
Xie (Fuzhi) army closely coordinated and advanced into the Central Plains. During Chen Yi's work in the Central Plains Bureau and the Central Plains Military Region, he served as acting commander and acting political commissar of the East China Field Army and commanded the Eastern Henan Campaign. In September of the same year, he organized and commanded the Jinan Campaign. Since November, he has served as a member of the General Front Committee of the Huaihai Front of the Communist Party of China, participated in the command of the Huaihai Campaign, and directly commanded the East China Field Army. In January 1949, he served as the deputy commander of the Third Field Army, participated in the command of the Yangtze River Crossing Campaign, and organized and commanded the Shanghai Campaign. After the liberation of Nanjing and Shanghai, he concurrently served as vice chairman of the East China Military and Political Commission.

中华人民共和国建立后，任华东军区暨第三野战军副司令员、人民解放军副总参谋长、总参谋长，国防部副部长，军事科学院副院长、第一政治委员，中共中央军委常务委员。1955年被授予大将军衔和一级八一勋章、一级独立自由勋章、一级解放勋章。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as deputy commander of the East China Military Region and the Third Field Army, deputy chief of the general staff and chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army, vice minister of national defense, vice president and first political commissar of the Academy of Military Sciences, and member of the Standing Committee of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of General and the Order of August 1 of the First Class, the Order of Independence and Freedom of the First Class, and the Order of Liberation of the First Class.

政工巨匠-罗荣桓
Political and industrial giant-Luo Ronghuan

罗荣桓（1902年11月26日—1963年12月16日），原名罗慎镇，字雅怀，号宗人。生于湖南省衡山县寒水乡南湾村（今属衡东县荣桓镇）。中华人民共和国成立后，罗荣桓任最高人民检察署检察长、政务院政治法律委员会委员。中华人民共和国的开国元勋，中国十大元帅之一。
Luo Ronghuan (November 26, 1902 - December 16, 1963), formerly known as Luo Shenzhen, the word Yahuai, the name Zongren. Born in Nanwan Village, Hanshui Township, Hengshan County, Hunan Province (now Ronghuan Town, Hengdong County). After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Luo Ronghuan served as the chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and a member of the Political and Legal Committee of the Government Affairs Yuan. The founding father of the People's Republic of China and one of the top ten marshals of China.

罗荣桓肖像
Portrait of Luo Ronghuan

罗荣桓一生的主要精力用在了我军的政治思想工作上，从连党代表到总政治部主任，历任各级政工领导职务，对我军政治工作的形成和发展做出了巨大的贡献。
Luo Ronghuan devoted his main energies to the political and ideological work of our army, and from a party representative to the director of the General Political Department, he successively held leading posts in political work at all levels, and made tremendous contributions to the formation and development of our army's political work.

从1927年8月20日组织通城秋收暴动任农民自卫军党代表起，罗荣桓就开始了在革命军队中的政治工作生涯。井冈山时期，罗荣桓历任连、营、团党代表，军政治部主任，代理军政委，总政治部巡视员，动员部长等职。
From August 20, 1927, when he organized the Tongcheng Autumn Harvest Rebellion and served as the party representative of the Peasant Self-Defense Army, Luo Ronghuan began his political career in the revolutionary army. During the Jinggangshan period, Luo Ronghuan successively served as a party representative of the company, battalion, and regiment, director of the military political department, acting military political commissar, inspector of the General Political Department, and director of the mobilization department.

罗荣桓从任连党代表开始就抓住了政治思想工作的真谛，他坚持通过以身作则和关心战士获取他们的信任，然后再根据存在的问题有的放矢的做他们的工作。他懂得只有以身作则，才能获得他人的敬佩，只有关心部下，才能得到部下的信任。获得敬佩和信任之后，说话才有说服力。在井冈山时期，罗荣桓任党代表的连或营，是最有战斗力的作战单位。他的成功经验受到毛泽东的肯定和推广。
Luo Ronghuan grasped the true meaning of political and ideological work from the beginning of his appointment as a party representative, and he insisted on gaining their trust by setting an example and caring for the fighters, and then doing their work in a targeted manner according to the existing problems. He understands that only by leading by example can he gain the admiration of others, and only by caring for his subordinates can he gain the trust of his subordinates. Words are only convincing when they gain admiration and trust. During the Jinggangshan period, the company or battalion of which Luo Ronghuan served as the party representative was the most combat-effective combat unit. His successful experience was affirmed and promoted by Mao Zedong.

罗荣桓把民主意识和平等观念带入政治思想工作中，禁止打骂士兵，坚持民主生活，这些都成为我军政治思想工作的纲领性文件——《古田会议决议》的重要内容。
Luo Ronghuan brought the concept of democracy and equality into political and ideological work, forbade beating and scolding soldiers, and adhered to democratic life, all of which became an important part of the "Resolution of the Gutian Conference," a programmatic document for our army's political and ideological work.

抗日战争爆发之后任八路军一一五师政治部主任，在冀晋交界区发动群众，建立抗根据地。在开创抗日根据地的斗争中，他发扬井冈山时期政治工作的优良传统，把部队的政治思想工作扩展为宣传群众、发动群众、武装群众，带领群众抗日的工作和斗争。他把队伍带到哪里，就把群众工作做到哪里。以此扩大了部队，开创并扩大了根据地，赢得了抗日战争的不断胜利。
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the director of the Political Department of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, mobilizing the masses in the border area of Hebei and Shanxi to establish an anti-Japanese base area. In the struggle to open up anti-Japanese base areas, he carried forward the fine tradition of political work during the Jinggangshan period, and expanded the political and ideological work of the troops to the work and struggle of propagating the masses, mobilizing the masses, arming the masses, and leading the masses to resist Japan. Wherever he took the troops, he carried out the mass work. In this way, the troops were expanded, the base areas were created and expanded, and the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was won continuously.

抗日战争胜利后，罗荣桓就任东北人民自治军第二政委，不久改任东北民主抗日联军副政委。在主持东北我军的政治工作期间，罗荣桓及时发现并推广了“诉苦”教育，撰写了《部队教育的方向》一文，推广诉苦教育经验。我军干部战士绝大部分来自社会底层，这一教育形式成功地激发出数十万甚至数百万官兵对国民党的仇恨和歼灭国民党军队的热情。
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Luo Ronghuan was appointed as the second political commissar of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army, and soon became the deputy political commissar of the Northeast Democratic Anti-Japanese Allied Army. During the period of presiding over the political work of our army in Northeast China, Luo Ronghuan discovered and popularized the education of "complaining about grievances" in a timely manner, and wrote an article entitled "The Direction of Education in the Army" to popularize the experience of complaining about grievances. The vast majority of our army's cadres and fighters come from the bottom of society, and this form of education has successfully aroused the hatred of hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of officers and men for the Kuomintang and their enthusiasm for annihilating the Kuomintang army.

新中国成立之后，罗荣桓首任总政主任。部队开始向正规化方向迈进，他带领机关的干部，起草并发出了《关于部队整编复员的政治工作指示》，保证了一百五十万武装人民复员工作的顺利进行。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Luo Ronghuan served as the first director of the General Political Department. He led the cadres of the organs to draft and issue the "Political Work Instructions on the Reorganization and Demobilization of the Troops," thus ensuring the smooth progress of the demobilization of 1.5 million armed people.

爱民为民又严于自律的精神，使罗荣桓做思想工作时少有阻力，成为思想政治工作的一代巨匠。
The spirit of loving the people and serving the people and being strict with self-discipline has made Luo Ronghuan have few obstacles in doing ideological work, and he has become a great master of ideological and political work.

巾帼英雄-向警予
Women Heroes - Xiang Jingyu

向警予（1895～1928年），女，原名向俊贤，1895年生于湖南溆浦县。土家族，中国共产党创始人及早期领导人之一，杰出的共产主义战士，忠诚的无产阶级革命家，中国妇女运动的先驱和领袖。
Xiang Jingyu (1895~1928), female, formerly known as Xiang Junxian, was born in 1895 in Lipu County, Hunan. Tujia, one of the founders and early leaders of the Communist Party of China, was an outstanding communist fighter, a loyal proletarian revolutionary, and a pioneer and leader of the Chinese women's movement.

向警予肖像
Portrait of the police

8岁时，她进入由大哥与他人合办的新式小学读书，在当地开了女子入校读书之先声。1912年，她考入湖南省立第一女子师范学校，后转入周南女校。在此期间，她改名向警予，以示对封建势力的警惕和反抗。
At the age of 8, she entered a new primary school co-founded by her eldest brother, which was the first for girls to enter the school in the local area. In 1912, she was admitted to the Hunan Provincial No. 1 Girls' Normal School, and later transferred to Zhounan Girls' School. During this period, she changed her name to Xiang Jingyu to show her vigilance and resistance to feudal forces.

1916年，毕业后的向警予怀抱“教育救国”的理想回家乡办学。在这位“女教育界中之人才”的努力下，“虽属接办，无异新创”的溆浦女校面貌焕然一新，偏僻的溆浦山城的风气亦开始渐渐转变。
In 1916, after graduating, Xiang Jingyu returned to his hometown to run a school with the ideal of "education to save the country". With the efforts of this "talent in the field of female education", the "although it is a succession, it is tantamount to a new creation" of the Pupu Girls' School has taken on a new look, and the atmosphere of the remote mountain town of Lipu has gradually changed.

五四运动的消息传到溆浦后，向警予带领学校师生走上街头游行示威，宣传反帝救国的道理。1919年秋，她加入了由毛泽东、蔡和森等创办的新民学会，后与蔡畅等发起组织湖南女子留法勤工俭学会，并于当年底赴法勤工俭学。
After the news of the May Fourth Movement reached Lipu, Xiang led the teachers and students of the school to march and demonstrate on the streets to propagate the truth of anti-imperialism and national salvation. In the autumn of 1919, she joined the Xinmin Society founded by Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen, and later initiated the organization of the Hunan Women's Work-Study Society with Cai Chang and others, and went to France for work-study at the end of that year.

到法国后，向警予一字一句地刻苦研读马克思主义著作，逐渐成长为一名坚定的马克思主义者。1922年初，向警予返抵上海，不久正式加入中国共产党。1924年5月，中共中央执行委员会决定设立中央妇女部，向警予担任部长，成为中国共产党第一任妇女部长。她常常深入女工群众中做工作，引导大家团结起来，向压迫宣战。在她的领导下，1924年，上海闸北丝厂和南洋烟厂的女工运动取得了最终胜利。与此同时，她在《向导》《妇女周报》《妇女日报》等报刊上发表了大量论述妇女解放的文章。她还提议成立了将广大女工、农妇、革命知识妇女组织在一起的“妇女解放协会”，并在全国迅速发展起来，会员达30万之多。经过向警予几年的努力，中国的妇女运动蓬勃发展，呈现出一片欣欣向荣之势。
After arriving in France, Xiang Jingyu assiduously studied Marxist works word by word, and gradually grew into a staunch Marxist. At the beginning of 1922, Xiang returned to Shanghai and soon officially joined the Communist Party of China. In May 1924, the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Central Women's Department, and Xiang Jingyu served as the minister, becoming the first women's minister of the Communist Party of China. She often went out to work with the masses of women workers, guiding them to unite and declare war on oppression. Under her leadership, in 1924, the women's movement in the Zhabei Silk Factory and the Nanyang Tobacco Factory in Shanghai won a final victory. At the same time, she published a large number of articles on women's emancipation in newspapers and periodicals such as the Guide, the Women's Weekly, and the Women's Daily. She also proposed the establishment of the "Women's Liberation Association," which organized the vast numbers of women workers, peasant women, and revolutionary intellectual women, and rapidly developed throughout the country, with as many as 300,000 members. After several years of hard work, China's women's movement has flourished and is thriving.

1925年10月，向警予赴苏联入莫斯科东方劳动者共产主义大学学习，1927年春回国，按照组织安排来到武汉，负责工运、青年等工作。“七一五”反革命政变后，向警予仍然坚守在武汉，继续同工人们站在一起，发展地下组织、教育工人群众，在令人窒息的白色恐怖中保存和发展革命力量。
In October 1925, Xiang went to the Soviet Union to study at the Eastern Workers' Communist University in Moscow, and returned to China in the spring of 1927 and came to Wuhan according to the organizational arrangement, where he was responsible for the work of the labor movement and youth. After the counter-revolutionary coup d'état of July 15, Xiang Jingyu remained in Wuhan and continued to stand with the workers, develop underground organizations, educate the working masses, and preserve and develop revolutionary forces in the suffocating white terror.

1928年3月，由于叛徒出卖，向警予不幸被捕。在狱中，敌人对她用了3次大刑，却没有得到丝毫口供。她坚定地表示：“我为党的事业而死，无上光荣！”无计可施的敌人于5月1日将她押赴刑场。途中，她高唱《国际歌》，向街道两旁的群众高呼：“革命者是杀不完的，反动派的日子不会太长了！”残暴的敌人对她拳打脚踢，并将石子塞进她的口中，还用皮带勒住她的双颊，但她始终高昂着头颅，展现了一名共产党人的铮铮铁骨与浩然正气。
In March 1928, due to the betrayal of a traitor, Xiang Gongyu was unfortunately arrested. In prison, the enemy tortured her three times, but she did not receive the slightest confession. She firmly said: "I died for the cause of the party, it is a supreme honor!" The enemy, who had nothing to do, escorted her to the execution ground on May 1. On the way, she sang "The Internationale" and shouted to the crowds on both sides of the street: "Revolutionaries cannot be killed, and the days of reactionaries will not be too long!" The brutal enemy punched and kicked her, shoved stones into her mouth, and strangled her cheeks with belts, but she always held her head high, showing the iron and righteousness of a communist.

国士无双-任弼时
The country's warriors are unequaled - when Ren Bi

任弼时（1904年4月30日－1950年10月27日），名培国，号二南，湖南省湘阴县（今属汨罗市）塾塘乡唐家桥人，中华人民共和国开国元勋,中国共产党与中国工农红军主要领导者之一。
Ren Bishi (April 30, 1904 - October 27, 1950), known as Peiguo, No. Er Nan, was a native of Tangjiaqiao, Shutang Township, Xiangyin County, Hunan Province (now Miluo City), the founding father of the People's Republic of China, and one of the main leaders of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

任弼时肖像
Portrait of Ren Bishi

1920年8月加入中国社会主义青年团。1922年初加入中国共产党。1925年7月任团中央总书记。1927年5月在中共五大上当选为中央委员。国共合作破裂后，1927年8月7日出席在汉口召开的中共中央紧急会议，积极主张土地革命，当选为中共临时中央政治局委员。1928年在中共六大上继续当选为中央委员。1931年在中共六届四中全会上当选为中央政治局委员。1935年11月与贺龙率红二、红六军团长征，长征中坚定地拥护以毛泽东为代表的中共中央，同张国焘的分裂行为作斗争，力促红军三大主力胜利会师。抗日战争爆发后，任中共中央军委华北分会委员、八路军政治部主任，和朱德、彭德怀等率八路军开赴山西前线抗战。1938年3月，代表中共中央赴莫斯科向共产国际系统地汇报中国抗战形势与中国共产党的工作和任务，阐明以毛泽东为代表的抗日民族统一战线，取得了共产国际的理解和支持。1940年3月回国后参加中共中央书记处工作。1941年9月任中共中央秘书长，协助毛泽东领导整风和大生产运动，并受中央委托主持《关于若干历史问题的决议》的起草工作。1943年3月与毛泽东、刘少奇组成以毛泽东为首的中共中央书记处。1945年在中共七届一中全会上当选为中央政治局委员、书记处书记。1946年后，和毛泽东、周恩来一起转战南北，协助毛泽东指挥全国解放战争，制定中国共产党的土地政策和开展土地改革工作。1949年初，指导建立中国新民主主义青年团，被推选为团中央名誉主席。
In August 1920, he joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. He joined the Communist Party of China in early 1922. In July 1925, he was appointed General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. In May 1927, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. After the breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, on August 7, 1927, he attended the emergency meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Hankou, actively advocated the agrarian revolution, and was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In 1928, he was re-elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In 1931, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In November 1935, he led the Red Second and Red Sixth Army Corps on the Long March, firmly supporting the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China represented by Mao Zedong, fighting against Zhang Guotao's separatist behavior, and urging the three main forces of the Red Army to join forces in victory. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as a member of the North China Branch of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and director of the Political Department of the Eighth Route Army. In March 1938, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he went to Moscow to systematically report to the Comintern on the situation of China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the work and tasks of the Communist Party of China, and expounded the anti-Japanese national united front represented by Mao Zedong, which won the understanding and support of the Comintern. After returning to China in March 1940, he joined the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In September 1941, he was appointed Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, assisted Mao Zedong in leading the rectification and large-scale production movement, and was entrusted by the Central Committee to preside over the drafting of the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues". In March 1943, he formed the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong with Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. In 1945, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau and a member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee at the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After 1946, he fought in the north and south with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, assisted Mao Zedong in commanding the National Liberation War, formulated the land policy of the Communist Party of China and carried out land reform. At the beginning of 1949, he guided the establishment of the Chinese New Democratic Youth League and was elected as the honorary chairman of the Central Committee of the League.

任弼时对事业和工作恪守着“能坚持走一百步，就不该走九十九步”的准则，长期抱病工作。过度劳累使病情突然加重，1950年10月27日在北京逝世，终年46岁。叶剑英同志非常中肯地评价说：“他是我们党的骆驼，中国人民的骆驼，担负着沉重的担子，走着漫长的艰苦的道路，没有休息，没有享受，没有个人的任何计较。他是杰出的共产主义者，是我们党最好的党员，是我们的模范。”
Ren Bishi adheres to the principle of "if you can insist on walking 100 steps, you should not take 99 steps" for his career and work, and has been working for a long time. He died in Beijing on October 27, 1950 at the age of 46. Comrade Ye Jianying appraised very pertinently: "He is the camel of our party and the camel of the Chinese people, carrying a heavy burden and walking a long and arduous road, without rest, without enjoyment, without any personal calculation. He was an outstanding communist, the best member of our party, and a model for us. ”

骄阳风骨-杨开慧
The sun is blazing - Yang Kaihui

杨开慧（1901年11月6日-1930年11月14日），号霞，字云锦，湖南长沙板仓人（现长沙县开慧镇），中国妇女解放运动的倡导者和实践者。
Yang Kaihui (November 6, 1901 – November 14, 1930), known as Xia, was a native of Bancang, Changsha, Hunan Province (now Kaihui Town, Changsha County), an advocate and practitioner of the Chinese women's liberation movement.

杨开慧肖像
Portrait of Yang Kaihui

1920年杨开慧与毛泽东成婚，结为革命伴侣。婚后的七年，她一边带孩子一边开展革命工作。1922年加入中国共产党。1923年4月随毛泽东到上海协同党中央工作，同向警予一起组织女工夜校。1925年随毛泽东回韶山开展农民运动。
In 1920, Yang Kaihui married Mao Zedong and became revolutionary partners. For seven years after her marriage, she carried out revolutionary work while raising her children. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1922. In April 1923, he accompanied Mao Zedong to Shanghai to work with the Party Central Committee, and organized a night school for female workers with Xiang Jingyu. In 1925, he returned to Shaoshan with Mao Zedong to carry out the peasant movement.

大革命失败后，毛泽东按照党的八七会议指示领导秋收起义，杨开慧带着孩子回到长沙板仓开展地下斗争。其实，远在井冈山的毛泽东又何尝不思念自己的妻子。他曾派人到长沙打探，却得知杨开慧已被敌人杀害的消息，毛泽东信以为真，悲痛万分。而事实上当地的群众为了更好地掩护杨开慧，有意四下传播了杨开慧已死的消息以迷惑敌人。
After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising in accordance with the instructions of the Party's 87th Conference, and Yang Kaihui took the child back to Changsha Bancang to carry out the underground struggle. In fact, Mao Zedong, who was far away in Jinggangshan, didn't miss his wife. He once sent people to Changsha to investigate, but when he learned that Yang Kaihui had been killed by the enemy, Mao Zedong believed it and was very sad. In fact, in order to better cover Yang Kaihui, the local people deliberately spread the news that Yang Kaihui was dead to confuse the enemy.

1929年11月，就在杨开慧给毛泽东写这封信的前两个月，毛泽东得知杨开慧还活着的消息，立即写信给在上海中央政治局工作的李立山询问杨开慧的通讯地址。当时湖南的党内交通联络线遭到了严重的破坏，杨开慧所在的清泰乡一带形势也非常严峻。
In November 1929, just two months before Yang Kaihui wrote this letter to Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong learned that Yang Kaihui was still alive and immediately wrote to Li Lishan, who worked in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in Shanghai, to ask for Yang Kaihui's mailing address. At that time, Hunan's intra-party communication line was seriously damaged, and the situation in Qingtai Township, where Yang Kaihui was located, was also very serious.

1930年10月，杨开慧被捕，敌人逼问毛泽东去向，要她公开宣布与毛泽东脱离夫妻关系。杨开慧坚定地说：“牺牲我小，成功我大，要我和毛泽东脱离夫妻关系，除非海枯石烂！”
In October 1930, Yang Kaihui was arrested, and the enemy forced Mao Zedong to ask where he was going, asking her to publicly announce that she had broken off the relationship with Mao Zedong. Yang Kaihui said firmly: "Sacrifice my small, succeed me big, and want me and Mao Zedong to break off the relationship between husband and wife, unless the sea is dry and rotten!" ”

最终，不幸在1930年11月14日，年仅29岁的杨开慧英勇就义于长沙浏阳门外识字岭。为了革命信念，杨开慧至死不渝。
In the end, unfortunately on November 14, 1930, Yang Kaihui, who was only 29 years old, bravely died in the literacy ridge outside Liuyang Gate in Changsha. For the sake of revolutionary faith, Yang Kaihui was unswerving to the death.

她牺牲前说：“我死不足惜，惟愿润之革命早日成功。”一个月后，毛泽东知道了杨开慧遇难的消息，写下“开慧之死，百身莫赎”八个字，万分悲痛和内疚。
Before her death, she said: "I am not sorry to die, I hope that the Runzhi Revolution will succeed as soon as possible." A month later, Mao Zedong learned the news of Yang Kaihui's death and wrote the words "Kaihui's death, a hundred bodies cannot be redeemed", extremely sad and guilty.

“曾经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云”，不论到何时，毛泽东都没有忘记怀念杨开慧。
"Once the sea was difficult to turn into water, except for Wushan is not a cloud", no matter when, Mao Zedong did not forget to miss Yang Kaihui.

1957年，毛泽东曾在《蝶恋花·答李淑一》中痛言：“我失骄杨君失柳”。一个“骄”字，透露出毛泽东对杨开慧的无限思念和礼赞。她给世人留下不朽的“骄杨”精神……
In 1957, Mao Zedong once said bitterly in "Butterfly Loves Flowers: Answer to Li Shuyi": "I am arrogant, Yang Jun loses willows". The word "proud" reveals Mao Zedong's infinite thoughts and praise for Yang Kaihui. She left the world with an immortal "proud Yang" spirit......

无衔元帅-滕代远
Marshal without title - Teng Daiyuan

滕代远（1904年11月2日-1974年12月1日），苗族, 湖南麻阳人。曾用名唐大光、李光。早年在湖南省常德第二师范读书时，参与领导进步学生运动。1924年加入中国社会主义青年团，1925年转入中国共产党。
Teng Daiyuan (November 2, 1904 – December 1, 1974), Miao nationality, from Mayang, Hunan. He used to be known as Tang Daguang and Li Guang. In his early years, when he was studying at Changde No. 2 Normal School in Hunan Province, he participated in leading the progressive student movement. He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1924 and transferred to the Communist Party of China in 1925.

滕代远肖像
Portrait of Teng Daiyuan

第一次国内革命战争时期，历任中共长沙近郊区委书记、农协委员长；中共湖南省委常委、湖南省农民协会委员长。
During the First Civil Revolutionary War, he successively served as the secretary of the Changsha Suburban Committee of the Communist Party of China and the chairman of the Agricultural Association; Member of the Standing Committee of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman of the Hunan Farmers' Association.

第二次国内革命战争时期，历任中共醴陵县委书记、湘东特委书记、湘鄂赣边特委书记。
During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, he successively served as secretary of the Liling County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, secretary of the Xiangdong Special Committee, and secretary of the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Border Special Committee.1928年7月，与彭德怀共同组织和领导了平江起义，是平江起义的领导人。成立了中国工农红军第五军，任军党代表兼13师党代表。同年12月率部队到达井冈山与毛泽东、朱德领导的红四军会师，任红四军副党代表，参与并领导了井冈山保卫战，是井冈山革命根据地创始人之一。红五军、红八军扩
In July 1928, he co-organized and led the Pingjiang Uprising with Peng Dehuai and was the leader of the Pingjiang Uprising. The Fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was established, and he served as the representative of the military party and the party representative of the 13th Division. In December of the same year, he led his troops to Jinggangshan to join the Red Fourth Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De, served as the deputy party representative of the Red Fourth Army, participated in and led the defense of Jinggangshan, and was one of the founders of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area. The Red Fifth Army and the Red Eighth Army expanded编为红三军团后，任军团政治委员；红一、三军团合并组成红一方面军后，任红一方面军副总政治委员兼红三军团政治委员；参加了第一、三、四次反“围剿”作战。1931年11月和1934年2月，分别当选为中华苏维埃共和国第一、第二届中央政府执行委员会委员；1933年7月担任彭德怀为司令员的东方军政治委员，
After being organized into the Red Third Army, he served as the political commissar of the regiment; After the merger of the Red First Army and the Third Army to form the Red First Army, he served as the deputy general political commissar of the Red First Army and the political commissar of the Red Third Army Corps; He participated in the first, third, and fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations. In November 1931 and February 1934, he was elected as a member of the First and Second Central Government Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic. In July 1933, he served as the political commissar of the Eastern Army with Peng Dehuai as commander.率部队入闽东征
Led the troops into the Eastern Crusade of Fujian，因战功卓著，荣获中革军委颁发的二等红星奖章；1934年2月调任中革军委总动员武装部部长，同年7月受中央委派赴苏联莫斯科参加共产国际第七次代表大会，后进入列宁学校学习军事，于1937年回国，任中央和八路军驻新疆代表。
For his outstanding military achievements, he was awarded the second-class Red Star Medal by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission; In February 1934, he was transferred to the head of the General Mobilization and Armed Forces Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and in July of the same year, he was appointed by the Central Committee to attend the Seventh Congress of the Communist International in Moscow, the Soviet Union, and then entered the Lenin School to study military affairs, and returned to China in 1937 as the representative of the Central Committee and the Eighth Route Army in Xinjiang.

抗日战争时期，任中央军委参谋长；1939年冬赴晋西北地区指挥反顽斗争；1940年任抗日军政大学总校副校长兼军政委员会书记，中共北方局委员；1942年8月任八路军前方总部参谋长兼情报处长，八路军副参谋长，中共北方局常委。
During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the chief of staff of the Central Military Commission; In the winter of 1939, he went to the northwest of Shanxi Province to command the anti-recalcitrant struggle; In 1940, he served as the vice president of the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and the secretary of the Military and Political Committee, and a member of the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China; In August 1942, he served as Chief of Staff and Director of Intelligence of the Forward Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Eighth Route Army, and member of the Standing Committee of the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China.

解放战争时期，任晋冀鲁豫中央局常委，军区第一副司令员兼军政大学校长；任北平军事调处执行部中共代表团军事顾问；中共华北局委员、常委，华北人民政府委员，华北军区第二副司令员；1949年1月任中央军委铁道部部长，铁道兵团司令员兼政治委员。
During the Liberation War, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan Central Bureau, the first deputy commander of the Military Region and the president of the Military and Political University; Served as the military adviser of the CPC delegation of the Executive Department of the Beiping Military Mediation Office; Member and Standing Committee member of the North China Bureau of the Communist Party of China, member of the North China People's Government, second deputy commander of the North China Military Region; In January 1949, he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Railways of the Central Military Commission, Commander and Political Commissar of the Railway Corps.

中华人民共和国成立后，任中央人民政府政务院政务委员，财经、国防委员会委员，第一任铁道部部长兼党组书记；1965年1月任第四届全国政协副主席。历任中国共产党第七、八、九、十届中央委员。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a member of the Political Council of the Central People's Government, a member of the Finance and Economic Affairs and National Defense Commission, and the first Minister of Railways and Secretary of the Party Leadership Group. In January 1965, he was appointed Vice Chairman of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He served as a member of the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

滕代远同志是我党老一辈无产阶级革命家，中国工农红军早期创始人和中国人民解放军高级指挥员，是人民铁道事业和铁道兵的奠基人，为新中国铁道的恢复和建设呕心沥血，为中国人民的解放事业和共产主义事业，贡献了自己的毕生精力！
Comrade Teng Daiyuan was a proletarian revolutionary of the older generation of our party, the early founder of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and a senior commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army; he was the founder of the people's railway cause and the railway soldiers; he devoted his whole life to the restoration and construction of the new Chinese railway, and to the cause of liberation and communism of the Chinese people!

http://www.tiantang6.com/m/102038685/intro.html

第二章 湖南红色故事
Chapter 2 The Red Story of Hunan

湖南四次著名起义与湘籍将领
Four famous uprisings in Hunan and Hunan generals

在我党领导的人民军队发展史上，涌现出了大批湘籍革命家、政治家、军事家，他们以毛泽东、刘少奇、任弼时、彭德怀、贺龙、罗荣桓、林伯渠、李立三、李富春、陶铸等为主要代表，在党史军史上举足轻重，功不可没。特别是在人民军队中，湖南籍的开国将领更是占了很大比例，这是为什么呢？我们不得不提土地革命时期湖南的四次武装起义。
In the history of the development of the people's army under the leadership of our party, a large number of Hunan revolutionaries, politicians, and military strategists have emerged, and they have Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi, Peng Dehuai, He Long, Luo Ronghuan, Lin Boqu, Li Lisan, Li Fuchun, Tao Zhu, and so on as the main representatives, and they have played a pivotal role in the history of the party and the army, and their contributions are indispensable. Especially in the people's army, the founding generals of Hunan nationality account for a large proportion, why is this? We have to mention the four armed uprisings in Hunan during the agrarian revolution.

中共领导的人民军队中，湘籍军事人物之所以居多，其原因可以简单地归结为三点：一是近代以来形成的湖南人敢为天下先之革命精神和流血不流泪英雄气概之文化性格的影响。二是进步思想的影响。大革命时期湖南工农运动非常活跃，是当时全国最富有朝气的省份之一。马列主义的传播为众多湖南将领奠定了思想基础。三是湖南的四次著名起义（当时也称“暴动”）的影响。
The reason why there are many military figures of Hunan nationality in the people's army under the leadership of the CPC can be simply summed up in three points: First, the influence of the revolutionary spirit of the Hunan people who dare to be the first in the world and the cultural character of the heroic spirit of shedding blood without shedding tears, which have been formed in modern times. The second is the influence of progressive ideas. During the Great Revolution, the workers' and peasants' movement in Hunan was very active, and it was one of the most vibrant provinces in the country at that time. The spread of Marxism-Leninism laid the ideological foundation for many Hunan generals. The third is the impact of four famous uprisings in Hunan (also known as "riots" at the time).

秋收起义纪念馆 里仁学校
Autumn Harvest Uprising Memorial Hall Liren School

秋收起义：即湘赣边界秋收起义，1927年9月9日，由毛泽东在湖南东部和江西西部领导工农革命军（即红军）举行的一次著名的武装起义。起义部队经过三湾改编，到达井冈山地区，创建了井冈山革命根据地。参加过秋收起义的湖南籍开国将帅有元帅1人，大将1人，上将2人，中将7人，少将5人。还有何长工、杨立三等高级将领。
Autumn Harvest Uprising: The Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Hunan and Jiangxi borders, a famous armed uprising held on September 9, 1927 by Mao Zedong in eastern Hunan and western Jiangxi led by the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (i.e., the Red Army). After the reorganization of Sanwan, the rebel troops arrived in the Jinggangshan area and established the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area. The founding generals of Hunan who participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising included 1 marshal, 1 general, 2 generals, 7 lieutenant generals, and 5 major generals. There are also senior generals such as He Changgong and Yang Lisan.

参加秋收起义的部分同志在延安合影
Some comrades who participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising took a group photo in Yan'an

湘南起义：1928年1月，朱德和陈毅率领南昌起义军余部2000多人，在湘南地区发动了一次大规模武装起义。起义军改名为“工农革命军第一师”，朱德任师长，陈毅任党代表，王尔琢为参谋长。参加过湘南起义的湖南籍开国将军中有大将2人，上将4人，中将8人，少将5人。
Southern Hunan Uprising: In January 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the remnants of the Nanchang Rebel Army of more than 2,000 people to launch a large-scale armed uprising in the southern Hunan region. The rebel army was renamed the "First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army", with Zhu De as the division commander, Chen Yi as the party representative, and Wang Erzhuo as the chief of staff. Among the founding generals of Hunan who participated in the Southern Hunan Uprising, there were 2 generals, 4 generals, 8 lieutenant generals, and 5 major generals.

桑植起义：1928年4月2日，由贺龙、周逸群、贺锦斋等领导的桑植起义正式发动，工农革命军一举歼灭守城团防武装，夺取县城，随即建立了桑植县革命委员会。6月，工农革命军发展到1500多人，开始了创建湘鄂边革命根据地的斗争。参加过桑植起义的湖南籍开国将帅有14人，其中元帅1人，上将1人，中将6人，少将6人。
Sangzhi Uprising: On April 2, 1928, the Sangzhi Uprising led by He Long, Zhou Yiqun, He Jinzhai and others was officially launched, and the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army annihilated the defense forces defending the city in one fell swoop, seized the county seat, and then established the Sangzhi County Revolutionary Committee. In June, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army grew to more than 1,500 people and began the struggle to create a revolutionary base area in Hunan-Hubei. There were 14 founding generals from Hunan who participated in the Sangzhi Uprising, including 1 marshal, 1 general, 6 lieutenant generals, and 6 major generals.

平江起义：包括“三月扑城”和“七月起义”。1928年3月16日，中共平江县委组织了著名的“三月扑城”，近20万农民包围并攻打了平江县城。7月下旬，彭德怀、滕代远、黄公略、邓萍等领导发动了著名的平江起义，占领平江县城，成立红五军。彭德怀为军长，滕代远为党代表，邓萍为参谋长。参加过平江起义的湖南籍开国将帅共有50余人，其中元帅1人，大将1人，上将6人，中将10人，少将30余人
Pingjiang Uprising: Including the "March Uprising" and the "July Uprising". On March 16, 1928, the Pingjiang County Committee of the Communist Party of China organized the famous "March Siege of the City", in which nearly 200,000 peasants surrounded and attacked the county seat of Pingjiang. In late July, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Huang Gongluo, Deng Ping and other leaders launched the famous Pingjiang Uprising, occupied Pingjiang County, and established the Red Fifth Army. Peng Dehuai was the army commander, Teng Daiyuan was the party representative, and Deng Ping was the chief of staff. There were more than 50 founding generals from Hunan who participated in the Pingjiang Uprising, including 1 marshal, 1 general, 6 generals, 10 lieutenant generals, and more than 30 major generals

湖南通道：红军八壮士大坡界跳崖
Hunan Passage: The Red Army's eight heroes jumped off the cliff at the slope boundary

在通道小水大坡界，矗立着一座巍峨的纪念碑。这里静静地长眠着三十多位年轻的红军战士。其中有8位战斗到最后，壮烈跳崖……
At the boundary of the small water and the big slope of the passage, there stands a majestic monument. Here are quietly buried more than thirty young Red Army soldiers. Eight of them fought to the end and jumped off the cliff heroically......

小水战斗纪念碑
Monument to the Battle of Little Water

1934年9月15 日，国民党湘军李觉部55旅占领大坡界主峰，对正在通过大坡界山脚下的红六军团十八师发动突然袭击，将十八师截为两段。情况危急，红军立即做出反应：命令52团某排30余人担任掩护，以保证主力部队顺利突围。为了吸引敌人注意，掩护部队迅速抢占了大坡界另一高地，向敌人猛烈开火。敌人一时摸不清虚实，以为红军增援部队赶到，便将火力集中对准了掩护部队。
On September 15, 1934, the 55th Brigade of Li Juebu of the Kuomintang Hunan Army occupied the main peak of Dapojie and launched a surprise attack on the 18th Division of the Red Sixth Army Corps, which was passing through the foot of Dapojie Mountain, and cut the 18th Division into two sections. The situation was critical, and the Red Army immediately reacted: more than 30 people from a platoon of the 52nd Regiment were ordered to act as cover to ensure a smooth breakthrough of the main forces. In order to attract the attention of the enemy, the covering troops quickly seized another high ground on the Dapo boundary and opened heavy fire on the enemy. The enemy was momentarily confused, and thinking that the Red Army reinforcements had arrived, concentrated his fire on the covering troops.

战斗异常激烈，红军战士苦苦支撑，打退了敌人一次又一次的进攻。李觉见正面久攻不下，就改变了战术，命令敌军从大坡界两翼迂回包抄，对掩护部队两面夹击，团团包围。形势越来越不利，敌人的包围圈越缩越小。为了给主力部队争取更多的突围转移时间，红军战士抱着与阵地共存亡的决心，与前后夹击的敌人拼死周旋。
The battle was extremely fierce, and the Red Army fighters struggled to support and repelled the enemy's attacks again and again. Li Jue saw that he could not attack the front for a long time, so he changed his tactics and ordered the enemy army to outflank from both flanks of the Dapo boundary, flank the covering troops on both sides, and surround them with regiments. The situation is becoming more and more unfavorable, and the enemy's encirclement is shrinking smaller and smaller. In order to buy more time for the main forces to break through and divert the encirclement, the Red Army soldiers were determined to live and die with the position, and fought desperately with the enemy in front and rear.

雨点般的子弹向他们射来，枪林弹雨中不断有战友倒下。一个、两个、三个……战斗了三个多小时后，大部分指战员英勇牺牲，剩下的8名红军仍然顽强战斗。子弹打光了，就用石头砸，最后，石头也砸光了……
Bullets rained down on them, and comrades fell in the rain of bullets. One, two, three...... After more than three hours of fighting, most of the commanders and fighters died heroically, and the remaining eight Red Army soldiers still fought stubbornly. When the bullets ran out, they were stoned, and finally, the stones were gone......

三百多敌人冲了上来，切断了他们的退路。敌人疯狂地嚎叫着：“抓活的，抓活的！”
More than three hundred enemies rushed forward and cut off their retreat. The enemy howls frantically: "Catch alive, catch alive!" ”

红六军团西征过通道油画作品
Oil painting of the passage of the Red Sixth Army's westward expedition

眼前，是不断逼近的敌军，身后，是几十米高的悬崖。8名红军战士誓死不当俘虏。他们砸烂枪支，整理好衣服和帽子，望着主力部队突围的方向，相互搀扶着走向悬崖。
In front of him, there are approaching enemy troops, and behind him, there are cliffs dozens of meters high. Eight Red Army soldiers swore to death and were not taken prisoner. They smashed their guns, sorted out their clothes and hats, looked at the direction of the main force breaking through, and helped each other towards the cliff.

他们高呼着“红军万岁！”的口号，毅然从50多米高的悬崖上纵身跳下。
They chanted "Long live the Red Army!" resolutely jumped from a cliff more than 50 meters high.

群峰为之失色，天地为之动容。跳崖的八壮士中有六位当场牺牲，两位身负重伤。其中一位还是十几岁的孩子。他摔断了双腿，血肉模糊。敌人诱降他：只要他说出大部队的去向，不但不杀他，还可以为他治伤，给他十块银圆让他回家。小红军示意敌人靠近点儿，趁对方不注意狠狠地咬掉了他的半边耳朵。敌人气急败坏地用刺刀扎进小红军的腹部，残忍地结束了这个年轻的生命。另一位红军被敌人折磨得奄奄一息，仍然坚定地说:我是一名共产党员，宁可死，也不会说出党的秘密。最后，凶残的敌人砍下了他的头颅。
The peaks were overshadowed, and the heavens and the earth were moved. Six of the eight heroes who jumped off the cliff died on the spot, and two were seriously injured. One of them was a teenager. He broke his legs, and his flesh was blurred. The enemy lured him down: if he told him where the army was going, not only would he not kill him, but he could also heal his wounds and give him ten pieces of silver to go home. The little Red Army motioned for the enemy to come closer, and took advantage of the opponent's inattention to bite off half of his ear. In a fit of rage, the enemy pierced the little Red Army in the abdomen with a bayonet and brutally ended the young man's life. Another Red Army, tormented to the point of dying by the enemy, still firmly said: I am a Communist Party member and would rather die than tell the secrets of the Party. In the end, the murderous enemy cut off his head.

当地老百姓到悬崖下为红军掩埋遗体时，现场惨不忍睹：他们有的脑袋摔破了，脑浆都流了出来；有的满脸是血，面目全非；还有一名红军战士被树杈穿透胸膛挂在树上……大坡界上英勇不屈的八壮士壮烈牺牲了，却连个名字都没有留下。青山处处埋忠骨，何须马革裹尸还。英勇的八壮士与20多位战友从此长眠于大坡界。
When the local people went to the bottom of the cliff to bury the bodies of the Red Army, the scene was terrible: some of their heads were broken, and their brains flowed out; Some of their faces were covered with blood and were unrecognizable; There was also a Red Army soldier who was hung from a tree with a branch piercing his chest...... The heroic and unyielding eight heroes on the Dapo Realm died heroically, but they didn't even leave a name. Qingshan buries the bones of the faithful everywhere, why should the horse leather shroud be returned. The heroic eight heroes and more than 20 comrades-in-arms have since been buried in the Dapo Realm.

随着岁月的流逝，当年硝烟弥漫的战场，如今已是一片绿意葱茏。1991年10月，通道县委、县政府在大坡界修建了小水战斗纪
With the passage of time, the battlefield filled with gunpowder smoke is now a verdant place. In October 1991, the Tongdao County Party Committee and the county government built the Xiaoshui Battle Chronicle in Dapo Boundary

念碑。纪念碑上，由萧克将军题写的“红军精神永存”六个大字在
Monument. On the monument, the six characters inscribed by General Xiao Ke are "the spirit of the Red Army lives forever".

阳光下熠熠生辉，向每一位前来瞻仰的人，无声地诉说着那段永远
Shining in the sun, silently telling everyone who came to pay their respects, that period of eternity

不能忘却的历史。
History that cannot be forgotten.

藏在衣柜里的父子情
Father-son relationship hidden in the closet

1950年10月，美帝国主义把战火烧到了鸭绿江边。毛主席号召全国人民抗美援朝，保家卫国。毛岸英主动申请参加中国人民志愿军，坚决要求入朝参战。当中南海里不少同志劝毛主席出面阻止时，得到的回答却是：“他不去谁去”！
In October 1950, U.S. imperialism brought the war to the banks of the Yalu River. Chairman Mao called on the people of the whole country to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend their homes and the country. Mao Anying took the initiative to apply to join the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and resolutely asked to join the Korean War. When many comrades in Zhongnanhai persuaded Chairman Mao to come forward to stop him, the answer he received was: "Who will go if he doesn't go"!

入朝参战34天之后，岸英在朝鲜战场牺牲了，彭老总亲自发电报向周总理说明情况。由于毛主席当时身体有恙，半个月后，周总理才把这一悲痛的消息告诉毛主席，主席强忍住泪水沉默了许久，然后点了一根烟，用微微发颤的声音说道：“战争嘛，总会有牺牲的。朝鲜战场上，千千万万个老百姓的孩子，不是也在奋斗牺牲吗？我不后悔，我是这个国家的领导人，国家危难的时候，我不派自己的儿子去保家卫国，那又派谁的儿子去呢？”整整一夜，毛主席坐在沙发上没有起身，只是一根接着一根地抽着烟，坚忍地接受儿子再也回不来的事实，独自承受着失去亲人的无尽伤痛。
34 days after entering the Korean War, Anying died on the Korean battlefield, and Mr. Peng personally sent a telegram to Premier Zhou to explain the situation. Because Chairman Mao was ill at the time, half a month later, Premier Zhou told Chairman Mao the sad news, and the chairman held back his tears and was silent for a long time, then lit a cigarette and said in a slightly trembling voice: "War, there will always be sacrifices." On the battlefield in Korea, aren't the children of thousands of ordinary people also struggling and dying? I don't regret it, I am the leader of this country, when the country is in danger, I don't send my own son to defend the country, so whose son will I send? All night, Chairman Mao sat on the sofa and did not get up, just smoked cigarettes one after another, stoically accepted the fact that his son would never come back, and endured the endless pain of losing his loved ones alone.

毛岸英墓
Mao Anying's tomb

当有人建议，把岸英的墓迁回国内时，毛主席说：“不必了，共产党人死在哪里，就埋在哪里吧。”他拒绝了这份好意，并且在电文上写下这样的诗句：青山处处埋忠骨，何须马革裹尸还。
When someone suggested that Anying's tomb be moved back to China, Chairman Mao said: "No need, where the Communists died, they should be buried." He rejected this kindness, and wrote the following verse on the telegram: Qingshan buries the bones of the faithful everywhere, why should the body be returned by the horse leather.

1990年，中央警卫局在清理毛主席的遗物时，无意中发现了一个小柜子，柜子里面装的却是毛岸英同志的几件衣物，有衬衣、袜子、毛巾和一顶军帽。后来得知，这些物品是毛主席瞒着身边的所有工作人员亲手珍藏的。
In 1990, when the Central Security Bureau was cleaning up Chairman Mao's relics, it accidentally found a small cabinet, which contained several pieces of Comrade Mao Anying's clothes, including shirts, socks, towels and a military cap. Later, I learned that these items were treasured by Chairman Mao without the help of all the staff around him.

其实，按照韶山当地的风俗，家人去世以后，一般都会把与逝者有关的东西烧掉，没有保留遗物的习惯。而毛主席却瞒住了所有的人，悄悄将儿子的遗物珍藏在身边，这一藏就是26年。
In fact, according to the local customs of Shaoshan, after the death of a family member, things related to the deceased are generally burned, and there is no habit of keeping relics. But Chairman Mao hid from everyone and quietly treasured his son's relics by his side, which was 26 years.

一个把儿子的毛巾和袜子都视若珍宝的父亲，真的就不想儿子回来吗？他是否也曾在夜深人静的时候，把这些衣服一件一件拿出来，轻轻抚摸，这些衣物上，是不是也被主席的眼泪所浸染？关于这些疑问，我们不敢深究，我们更不忍细想。
A father who treats his son's towels and socks as treasures really doesn't want his son back? Did he ever take out these clothes one by one and touch them gently in the dead of night, and were they also soaked in the tears of the chairman? We dare not delve into these questions, and we can't bear to think about them.

当岸英的这些衣物，再一次呈现在大家面前时，距离毛岸英牺牲已经过去40年，而距离毛主席逝世也过去了14年。一位老父亲对离去孩子的思念，这样被默默地压在衣柜底下，沉默了近半个世纪。面对这些衣物，我们不禁感叹：这些衣物何其不幸，它们承载的绵绵亲情，再也没有机会，被它们的主人细细品读；这些衣服又何其有幸，它们让我们再一次感受到毛主席对国家和人民的深情大爱和对儿子的深邃父爱，是多么久远、多么深长。
When Anying's clothes were presented to everyone again, 40 years had passed since Mao Anying's sacrifice, and 14 years had passed since Chairman Mao's death. An old father's thoughts of his departed child were silently pressed under the wardrobe for nearly half a century. In the face of these clothes, we can't help but sigh: how unfortunate these clothes are, the lingering family affection they carry, and there is no chance to be carefully read by their owners; How fortunate these clothes are, they let us once again feel Chairman Mao's deep love for the country and the people and the deep fatherly love for his son, how long and deep.

任弼时的“三怕”与“骆驼精神”
Ren Bi's "Three Fears" and "Camel Spirit"

在任弼时人生的日历上写满了“三怕”：一怕工作少、二怕麻烦人、三怕用钱多。“三怕”作风集中体现了共产党员大公无私、公私分明、公而忘私的精神境界。
At the time of Ren Bi, the calendar of his life was full of "three fears": one was afraid of less work, two was afraid of troublesome people, and three was afraid of using more money. The style of "three fears" embodies the spiritual realm of Communist Party members who are selfless, distinguish between public and private, and forget selfishness.

任弼时在中央五大书记中年龄最小，但长期超负荷工作，再加上两次被捕受刑，严重摧残了他的身体。
Ren Bi was the youngest of the five secretaries of the Central Committee, but his long-term overwork, coupled with two arrests and punishments, severely damaged his body.

这张照片是任弼时在西柏坡时的留影，年仅44岁的他看起来十分苍老，面部浮肿，此时医生建议他多卧床休息，不参加会议，他却说：“我们中华民族多少年、多少代受着封建主义的束缚和帝国主义的奴役，现在全国胜利就在眼前，我们要迅速夺取全国胜利，建立一个新中国，有多少事情急需办啊，我能躺得住吗？”
This photo is a photo taken by Ren Bi when he was in Xibaipo, he was only 44 years old, his face was swollen, at this time the doctor advised him to stay in bed more, not to attend the meeting, but he said: "How many years, how many generations of our Chinese nation has been bound by feudalism and enslaved by imperialism, now the national victory is just around the corner, we must quickly win the national victory, the establishment of a new China, how many things need to be done urgently, can I lie down?" ”

任弼时抱病与周恩来、朱德等一起协助毛泽东指挥辽沈、淮海、平津三大战役，实现了“最小的指挥部，指挥了世界上最大的人民战争。”但在开国大典时，他却因身体原因无法登上天安门城楼，只能通过收音机来聆听开国大典，这在他心中应该是最大的遗憾了。
Together with Zhou Enlai and Zhu De, Ren Bishi assisted Mao Zedong in commanding the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin, realizing "the smallest command headquarters and commanding the world's largest people's war." But at the time of the founding ceremony, he could not climb the Tiananmen Tower due to physical reasons, and could only listen to the founding ceremony through the radio, which should be the biggest regret in his heart.

1949年11月，任弼时赴苏联治病。1950年5月17日，任弼时结束在苏联的治疗，一回来他就参加了七届三中全会，随后他写信给中央书记处，要求恢复部分工作。毛泽东批示：“每日不超过四小时，主管组织部和青委。”可即便如此，他依然每天抱病工作八个小时以上。在任弼时心里，只想尽心竭力地为这个百废待兴的新中国工作得多一点、再多一点。
In November 1949, Ren Bishi went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment. On May 17, 1950, Ren Bishi ended his treatment in the Soviet Union, and as soon as he returned, he attended the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, and then wrote to the Secretariat of the Central Committee, requesting that part of his work be resumed. Mao Zedong instructed: "No more than four hours a day, in charge of the Organization Department and the Youth Committee." But even so, he still worked more than eight hours a day while he was sick. In Ren Bishi's heart, he just wants to do his best to work a little more and a little more for this new China that is in ruins.

朝鲜战争爆发后，任弼时常常开完会后回到办公室熬夜翻看战报，研究战局。10月24日，任弼时一直工作到深夜。时针指向了十二点，他伸手把日历翻到了10月25日，强忍着不适把文件和资料搬到了床上，艰难地躺了下来。而这一躺，却再也没能醒过来。就这样46岁的任弼时带着对党和人民的无限忠诚与热爱，走完了他短暂而伟大的人生。
After the outbreak of the Korean War, Ren Bishi often returned to his office after a meeting and stayed up late to read the war report and study the war situation. On October 24, Ren Bishi worked until late at night. The hour hand pointed to twelve o'clock, and he reached out and flipped the calendar to October 25, and with great difficulty, he moved the papers and materials to the bed and lay down with difficulty. And this lay, but never woke up. In this way, the 46-year-old Ren Bishi finished his short but great life with infinite loyalty and love for the party and the people.

任弼时同志不辞劳苦担当重任，就是他“怕工作少”的表现。再来说“二怕麻烦人”：新中国成立以后，他住在北京景山东街，房子狭小，还紧挨着马路，办公室离马路只有两三米，声音嘈杂。组织上为了照顾他的工作和休息，要给他搬家。当他了解到为了给他搬家，得把一个机关迁走时，就坚决不让搬。“三怕花钱多”：新中国成立后，中央为任弼时配备了一台苏制“吉姆150”专车。他总是叮嘱工作人员：把事情集中起来办，减少用车次数，节省汽油。后来，组织上准备把他的住房维修一下，他坚决反对。他认为，在国家大业初创、人民生活非常困难的情况下，一分钱也不应多花。
Comrade Ren Bishi's tireless efforts to shoulder heavy responsibilities is a manifestation of his "fear of less work". Let's talk about "two afraid of trouble": after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he lived in Jingshan East Street, Beijing, with a small house next to the road, and his office was only two or three meters away from the road, and his voice was noisy. In order to take care of his work and rest, the organization wants to move him. When he learned that he had to move an institution in order to move him, he resolutely refused to let him move. "Three fears of spending too much money": After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the central government equipped Ren Bishi with a Soviet-made "Jim 150" special car. He always told the staff: to do things together, to use the car less often, to save gas. Later, the organization was ready to repair his house, but he was firmly opposed. He believes that under the circumstances when the great cause of the country is starting up and the people's lives are very difficult, not a penny should be spent.

任弼时投身革命30年，担任过许多重要职务，特别是担任党和机关的红色“大管家”，经办的事情、经手的钱财不可计数，但是他一直践行“少取多予，廉洁奉公”。叶剑英曾说过：“他是我们党的骆驼，中国人民的骆驼，担负着沉重的担子，走着漫长的艰苦的道路，没有休息，没有享受，没有个人的任何计较。他是杰出的共产主义者，是我们党最好的党员，是我们的模范！”
Ren Bishi has devoted himself to the revolution for 30 years and has held many important positions, especially as the red "big steward" of the party and organs. Ye Jianying once said: "He is the camel of our party, the camel of the Chinese people, carrying a heavy burden, walking a long and arduous road, without rest, without enjoyment, without any personal calculation." He is an outstanding communist, the best member of our party, and a model for us! ”

情景还原：平江起义誓师
Scenario restoration: Pingjiang Uprising pledge

可以说，这四次起义是培育人民军队中湖南籍革命将领的重要实践基础。湖南的许多农民、工人、士兵、学生从此走上了革命之路，出生入死，身经百战，成长为高级将领。超过半数的湖南籍高级将领就是从这四次起义中走出来的。在36位中国人民解放军军事家中，参加湖南四次起义的有12人。“枪杆子里面出政权”，湖南的四次著名起义，为我党走“农村包围城市，武装夺取政权”的道路奠定了基础，也为众多湘籍革命将领提供了展示军事才能的舞台！
It can be said that these four uprisings are an important practical basis for cultivating revolutionary generals of Hunan origin in the people's army. Since then, many peasants, workers, soldiers, and students in Hunan have embarked on the road of revolution, and have grown into high-ranking generals after being born and dying. More than half of the senior Hunan generals came out of these four uprisings. Of the 36 Chinese People's Liberation Army military members, 12 took part in the four uprisings in Hunan. The four famous uprisings in Hunan laid the foundation for our party to take the road of "encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power by armed force", and also provided a stage for many Hunan revolutionary generals to display their military talents!

彭德怀与昭山“将军渡”
Peng Dehuai and Zhaoshan "General Crossing"

在湖南省长沙、湘潭、株洲三地交界处，有一座昭山，山上有一座昭阳古寺。从昭阳古寺而下，沿着古老的麻石道朝北一直往下走，湘江岸边，根据指示牌可知，这里就是将军渡，因彭德怀从此处渡河而得名。
At the junction of Changsha, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou in Hunan Province, there is a Zhaoshan Mountain, and there is an ancient temple of Zhaoyang on the mountain. Descend from the ancient temple of Zhaoyang, go down along the ancient granite road to the north, on the bank of the Xiangjiang River, according to the signs, it can be known that this is the general crossing, because Peng Dehuai crossed the river from here and got the name.

“将军渡”
"General Crossing"

1921年秋，彭德怀在湖南陆军第2师3旅6团3营11连任职，部队驻扎在南县注滋口。当时，当地的税务局长兼堤工局长欧盛钦是个有军阀靠山的地主恶霸，倚仗权势，欺压百姓，作恶多端。
In the autumn of 1921, Peng Dehuai served in the 11th Company of the 3rd Battalion of the 6th Regiment of the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Division of the Hunan Army, and the troops were stationed in Zhuzikou, Nanxian County. At that time, Ou Shengqin, the local tax director and director of the embankment bureau, was a landlord bully with the backing of a warlord, relying on his power to oppress the people and do many evils.

彭德怀派一班长王绍南及魏本荣等三个救贫会员，由姜子清带领，将欧盛钦秘密处决。不久，6团调到离长沙城70公里之潞口畲一带，因欧盛钦之死被告发，6团团长袁值奉赵恒惕之命将彭德怀逮捕。在押送长沙途中，彭德怀在几个好心的士兵帮助下逃脱。
Peng Dehuai sent three members of the poverty relief team, including Wang Shaonan and Wei Benrong, led by Jiang Ziqing, to secretly execute Ou Shengqin. Soon, the 6th Regiment was transferred to the Lukou She area, which was 70 kilometers away from Changsha City, and because Ou Shengqin's death was reported, Yuan Zhi, the commander of the 6th Regiment, was ordered by Zhao Hengti to arrest Peng Dehuai. On the way to Changsha, Peng Dehuai escaped with the help of several well-meaning soldiers.

他在自述中这样记载：我一路狂跑，夜半来到易家湾湘江河岸，有薄薄的雾，望见有小船，我念着：茫茫湘江畔，渔翁扁舟有灯光。小姑在补网，老翁收拾行装。尊声大爷行方便，老翁笑问往何方？我说：“要过江，身上无半文钱。”老翁说:“上船来，送你过江去，不要你的钱！”
He recorded in his self-report: I ran all the way, and came to the bank of the Xiangjiang River in Yijiawan in the middle of the night, there was a thin fog, and I saw a small boat. The sister-in-law was mending the net, and the old man was packing up. Uncle Zunsheng is convenient, and the old man asks with a smile where to go? I said, "If you want to cross the river, you don't have half a penny on you." The old man said, "Come on the boat, send you across the river, I don't want your money!"

彭德怀问了对方姓名，知道老者叫罗六十老馆，家中仅有一女。老者问：“先生从何处来，到何处去？”彭德怀说：“我不是先生，是穷人。”老者望望他身上，又摇摇头，彭德怀便详告事因，在船抵西岸后，“我将汗衫交给他，他无论如何也不要。我跳上岸，将汗衫丢在船上说：他日相逢，留作纪念吧！”
Peng Dehuai asked the other party's name, and knew that the old man's name was Luo Sixty Old Mansion, and there was only one daughter in the family. The old man asked, "Where did the gentleman come from and where is he going?" Peng Dehuai said: "I am not a gentleman, I am a poor man." The old man looked at him and shook his head, and Peng Dehuai told him in detail about the reason, and after the ship arrived on the west bank, "I will give him the undershirt, and he will not want it anyway." I jumped ashore, threw my undershirt on the boat and said, "Let's keep it as a souvenir when we meet each other!" ”

“将军渡”所在河段
The section of the river where the "General Crossing" is located

彭德怀跳下罗六十老倌的船后，连夜赶路。天将破晓，他来到湘潭城区八总八仙桥河边的郭得云家。郭得云是彭德怀入伍时的班长，曾在清末湘军当过兵，参加过辛亥革命，富有正义感，因愤恨军阀混战，弃职回家做皮匠，生活清贫，不失骨气。彭德怀对他十分敬重。此时，彭德怀有家不能归，故来投奔他。郭得云见彭德怀深夜赶来，心有急事，问明原委，忙把彭德怀领到小楼上的里屋藏身。
After Peng Dehuai jumped off the boat of Luo Sixty, he hurried away overnight. The sky was about to break, and he came to Guo Deyun's house by the river of Bazong Baxian Bridge in Xiangtan City. Guo Deyun was the squad leader when Peng Dehuai enlisted in the army, he served as a soldier in the Hunan Army in the late Qing Dynasty, participated in the Xinhai Revolution, and had a sense of justice. Peng Dehuai respected him very much. At this time, Peng Dehuai had a home and could not return, so he came to him. Guo Deyun saw Peng Dehuai coming late at night, he was in a hurry, asked the reason, and hurriedly led Peng Dehuai to the back room of the small building to hide.

1930年，红军占领长沙时，彭德怀特意到易家湾镇的昭山岸边找到了罗六十老倌，并将没收土豪的部分粮物送给他。但罗六十老倌到最后仍不知道彭德怀的真实身份。
In 1930, when the Red Army occupied Changsha, Peng Dehuai deliberately went to the shore of Zhaoshan in Yijiawan Town to find Luo Liuliu, and gave him part of the confiscated grain of the local tyrants. But Luo Sixty still didn't know Peng Dehuai's true identity in the end.

粟裕的蓝灰色便服
Su Yu's blue-gray casual clothes

在粟裕同志纪念馆里陈列着一套被洗得泛白、发灰，几乎看不出本色的灰色便服。它在粟裕同志众多的遗物当中并不起眼，但却陪伴着粟裕同志度过了三十多个春秋。
In the Comrade Su Yu Memorial Hall, there is a set of gray civilian clothes that have been washed white and gray, and the true color can hardly be seen. It is inconspicuous among the many relics of Comrade Su Yu, but it has accompanied Comrade Su Yu for more than 30 spring and autumn periods.

粟裕穿过的灰色便服
The gray civilian clothes worn by Su Yu

1949年7月，粟裕同志担任南京市市长兼南京市军事管制委员会主任，兼任地方和军队工作。因考虑到地方视察工作的时候，不方便穿军装，华东军区后勤部的蔡长风部长准备为粟裕同志做一套便服，他对粟裕同志说：“您现在是一市之长，应该给您做套毛料服装穿穿。”粟裕同志听到后，连声拒绝：“不行！为什么要做毛料的呢？做套布的不行吗？刚进城就讲究穿着不好，要脱离群众的，人民群众不是看我这个市长穿得好不好，而是看我的工作做得好不好，看我是不是为他们服务。你一定要做毛料的，那就你穿，反正我不会穿，请你们以后还是多从工作上关心我吧。”
In July 1949, Comrade Su Yu served as mayor of Nanjing and director of the Nanjing Military Control Commission, and concurrently served as local and military work. Considering that it was inconvenient to wear military uniforms during local inspections, Cai Changfeng, director of the Logistics Department of the East China Military Region, was going to make a set of civilian clothes for Comrade Su Yu, and he said to Comrade Su Yu: "You are now the mayor of a city, and you should make you a wool suit to wear." When Comrade Su Yu heard this, he refused repeatedly: "No! Why do you want to make wool? Isn't it okay to make a set of cloth? As soon as I entered the city, I paid attention to not being dressed well, and the masses of the people did not look at me as the mayor to see if I was dressed well, but to see whether I did my job well and whether I served them. If you have to make wool, then you wear it, I won't wear it anyway, please care more about me from work in the future. ”

在粟裕同志的坚持下，蔡部长给他做了一套蓝灰色卡其布中山装。粟裕同志就穿着这套中山装同南京人民见面，到工厂、到学校、到商店去调查研究。后来粟裕同志调到中央军委任副总参谋长，他又把这套衣服从南京穿到北京，甚至帽檐都破边了，衣服也由原来的蓝灰色变成灰白色，还是舍不得丢掉，就这样穿了近30年。
At the insistence of Comrade Su Yu, Minister Cai made him a blue-gray khaki tunic suit. Comrade Su Yu wore this suit to meet with the people of Nanjing, and went to factories, schools, and shops to investigate and study. Later, Comrade Su Yu was transferred to the Central Army and appointed deputy chief of general staff, and he wore this suit from Nanjing to Beijing, and even the brim of his hat was torn, and the clothes changed from the original blue-gray to gray-white, and he was still reluctant to throw them away, so he wore them like this for nearly 30 years.

粟裕同志的中山装
Comrade Su Yu's tunic

中国有这么一句俗话：新三年，旧三年，缝缝补补又三年。但三个三年加起来也只有九年时间，很难想象，一件很普通的便服，粟裕可以穿上它近30年。当时的粟裕同志已经是一市之长，以他的身份地位，就算当时的国家经济再困难，在穿着方面的开销还是不成问题的。如果粟裕同志很喜欢这套衣服的款式和面料，也完全可以提出再做一件新的，而这样的要求也绝对不过分。但是，据他身边的工作人员回忆，粟裕同志总是说：“衣服嘛，干净整洁就好！衣服多了，反而还要想着每天穿什么，叫人头疼！”
There is a saying in China: three years for the new, three years for the old, and another three years for sewing and mending. But three or three years add up to only nine years, and it's hard to imagine that Su Yu can wear a very ordinary casual dress for nearly 30 years. At that time, Comrade Su Yu was already the mayor of a city, and with his status, even if the country's economy was in difficulty at that time, there was still no problem with spending on clothing. If Comrade Su Yu likes the style and fabric of this suit very much, he can also propose to make a new one, and such a request is definitely not too much. However, according to the memories of the staff around him, Comrade Su Yu always said: "Clothes, just clean and tidy!" There are too many clothes, but you have to think about what to wear every day, which is a headache! ”

粟裕同志戎马一生，战功赫赫。在枪林弹雨的战场上，他出生入死，叱咤风云，一派“于百万军中取上将首级”的英雄气概；解放战争取得基本胜利以后，居六朝金粉之地，一尘不染，两袖清风，以沧海一粟自居、以普通一兵自律，始终如一地保持着人民公仆本色，是艰苦奋斗的典范。
Comrade Su Yu fought all his life and made great achievements. On the battlefield where bullets and bullets rained, he was born and died, commanding the storm, with the heroic spirit of "taking the head of a general in a million army"; After the basic victory of the War of Liberation, he lived in the land of gold dust of the Six Dynasties, was spotless, had a clean breeze on his sleeves, regarded himself as a drop in the sea, and was self-disciplined as an ordinary soldier, and consistently maintained his true qualities as a public servant of the people, and was a model of arduous struggle.

一个竹碗寄深情
A bamboo bowl sends affection

在湖南道县审章塘乡葫芦岩村的邱声彪老人家里，保存着一只特别的竹碗。这只竹碗直径12厘米，高13厘米，靠近碗口处刻有两道紧挨着的圆，竹碗的外表饰以浅浅的花纹，在竹碗中部留有两个相距约4厘米的孔眼，方便用绳穿孔悬挂，便于携带。据老人介绍，这是一只来自江西的竹碗，是当年中国工农红军长征过道县葫芦岩渡口时，红三十四师的一个红军战士留下来的。80多年来，邱声彪老人一家视这只竹碗如珍宝，防潮防蛀等防护措施做得十分到位。一只竹碗，有着一段怎样的故事呢？
In the old man's house of Qiu Shengbiao in Huluyan Village, Xianzhangtang Township, Hunan Province, a special bamboo bowl is kept. This bamboo bowl is 12 cm in diameter and 13 cm high, and there are two circles carved next to each other near the mouth of the bowl, and the appearance of the bamboo bowl is decorated with shallow patterns, leaving two eyelets about 4 cm apart in the middle of the bamboo bowl, which is convenient to hang with rope perforations and easy to carry. According to the old man, this is a bamboo bowl from Jiangxi, which was left by a Red Army soldier of the 34th Red Division during the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's Long March to Huluyan Ferry. For more than 80 years, Qiu Shengbiao's family has regarded this bamboo bowl as a treasure, and protective measures such as moisture-proof and moth-proof have been in place. What kind of story does a bamboo bowl have?

道县葫芦岩村位于潇水上游的支流沱水河上。沱水东面高耸一岭，高岭山势险峻，悬崖峭壁直贴河水。悬崖绝壁之上有两个紧邻的洞口形状极似葫芦，村子因名葫芦岩。
Huluyan Village in Daoxian County is located on the Tuoshui River, a tributary of the upper reaches of Xiaoshui. The east side of Tuoshui is a high ridge, the Gaoling Mountain is steep, and the cliffs are close to the river. There are two adjacent openings on the cliff cliff that resemble gourds, and the village is named gourd rock.

历史风云激荡，时光走到了1934年。8月，红六军团在任弼时、萧克、王震的领导下作为红军长征的先遣队从江西出发西征，辗转进入道县。红六军团1000多人的先头部队比较顺利地从葫芦岩渡过潇水。11月，中国工农红军中央机关、中革军委纵队及部分军团从葫芦岩抢渡潇水。此次渡潇水，可谓十万火急！因为蒋介石已经判定中央红军“必沿五岭山脉，循萧匪（萧克）故道，经兴（兴安）、全（全州）间窜，且其行动必速，不致北犯，既有亦不过以一部掩护其侧翼。”蒋介石给何键发出“关于消灭中央红军于湘、漓水以东地区”的电报。与此同时，国民党调集了40万大军，对进入潇水与湘江两江狭长地带的红军布好了口袋阵，欲把红军消灭在湘江以东地区，不让红军渡过湘江。红军从江西进入湘南，国民党李云杰的27军如同疯狗一般紧追中央红军不放。此次过渡葫芦岩，李云杰的27军距离“红星纵队”只有不到20公里的距离，红三十四师奋力担任殿后任务，“红星纵队”从葫芦岩抢渡潇水，刻不容缓。
History is turbulent, and time has come to 1934. In August, under the leadership of Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke, and Wang Zhen, the Red Sixth Army Corps set out from Jiangxi to the west as the advance team of the Red Army's Long March, and entered Daoxian County. The vanguard of more than 1,000 people of the Red Sixth Army crossed Xiaoshui from Huluyan relatively smoothly. In November, the Central Organ of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the column of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and part of the army rushed to cross Xiaoshui from Huluyan. This crossing of Xiaoshui can be described as 100,000 urgent! Because Chiang Kai-shek had already judged that the Central Red Army "must follow the old path of Xiao Bandit (Xiao Ke) along the Wuling Mountains, pass through Xing'an (Xing'an) and Quanzhou (Quanzhou), and its actions must be swift so as not to invade the north, and both and only cover its flanks with one section." Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to He Jian "on the elimination of the Central Red Army in Hunan and the areas east of Lishui". At the same time, the Kuomintang mobilized 400,000 troops and set up pocket formations for the Red Army that had entered the narrow strip of the Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang rivers, intending to wipe out the Red Army in the area east of the Xiangjiang River and prevent the Red Army from crossing the Xiangjiang River. The Red Army entered southern Hunan from Jiangxi, and the Kuomintang Li Yunjie's 27th Army pursued the Central Red Army like a mad dog. In this transition to Huluyan, Li Yunjie's 27th Army was only less than 20 kilometers away from the "Red Star Column", and the Red 34th Division struggled to take on the task of being the rear of the palace, and the "Red Star Column" rushed to cross Xiaoshui from Huluyan, which brooked no delay.

由于国民党的反共宣传，潇水河两岸的渡船全部被迫藏起。红军是穷人的队伍，老百姓自发撑起渡船，卸掉门板、床铺板、贡献木料帮助红军架设浮桥。此次过渡潇水，有一位名叫邱家儒的农民撑渡十分积极卖力。他看着站在他渡船旁边的一个红军战士腰间挎着个大竹筒，十分感兴趣。红军战士拿起竹筒告诉他说：“这是我们红军战士行军用的竹碗，是井冈山的翠竹做成的。”邱家儒说：“井冈山的竹子真大，我这根撑渡用的竹竿与井冈山的竹子没法比啊。”
Due to the anti-communist propaganda of the Kuomintang, all the ferries on both sides of the Xiaoshui River were forced to hide. The Red Army was a poor man's army, and the common people spontaneously propped up the ferry, unloaded the door panels, bed boards, and contributed timber to help the Red Army erect pontoon bridges. In this transition to Xiaoshui, there is a farmer named Qiu Jiaru who is very active and hardworking. He looked at a Red Army soldier standing next to his ferry with a large bamboo tube around his waist and was very interested. The Red Army soldier picked up the bamboo tube and told him: "This is the bamboo bowl that our Red Army soldiers used for marching, which is made of green bamboo in Jinggang Mountain." Qiu Jiaru said: "The bamboo in Jinggang Mountain is so big, my bamboo pole used to support the ferry cannot be compared with the bamboo in Jinggang Mountain." ”

此次过渡，人数众多，浮桥与渡船并用，因为红军要跟时间赛跑。此次过渡，老百姓从半夜时分开始撑渡直到天亮。军民一条心，红军较顺利渡过潇水。红三十四师战士最后渡过，然后设伏阻击追敌。红军十分感激葫芦岩老百姓相助，那个腰挎竹碗的红三十四师战士为邱家儒整夜撑渡帮助红军过潇水的精神所感动，坚持要把他的竹碗送给邱家儒留作纪念。
In this transition, there were a large number of people, and pontoons and ferries were used together, because the Red Army had to race against time. In this transition, the people started to cross the river from midnight until dawn. The army and the people were of one mind, and the Red Army crossed the Xiaoshui relatively smoothly. The soldiers of the Red 34th Division finally crossed, and then set up an ambush to block the pursuing enemy. The Red Army was very grateful to the people of Huluyan for their help, and the soldier of the 34th Red Division who carried a bamboo bowl on his waist was moved by Qiu Jiaru's spirit of supporting the ferry all night to help the Red Army cross the Xiaoshui, and insisted on giving his bamboo bowl to Qiu Jiaru as a souvenir.

红军马不停蹄赶往黄家、追塘一带会合。回到家里的邱家儒因为那只竹碗受到了家人责备，家人说他不应该接受红军战士的竹碗，红军战士没有碗，吃饭饮水都不方便。邱家儒解释是红军战士坚持送的，但还是心生愧疚。
The Red Army rushed non-stop to Huangjia and Chai Tang to rendezvous. Qiu Jiaru, who returned home, was reprimanded by his family for the bamboo bowl, saying that he should not accept the bamboo bowl of the Red Army soldiers, who did not have a bowl and were inconvenient to eat and drink. Qiu Jiaru explained that the Red Army soldiers insisted on sending it, but he still felt guilty.

就这样，这只碗留在了邱家。每次看到这只竹碗，一家人就会想起那个瘦瘦的红军战士，对他牵肠挂肚。那个红军战士是否过了湘江，是否顺利到达了延安，每每想起那个红军战士，老邱心头十分难受。老邱临终时把竹碗交给后辈，再三叮咛后辈要保存好这只竹碗，只因为那个红军战士说过一句话：我们还会回来的！老邱的后人，谨记嘱托，世世保护着竹碗，80多年了，那个红军战士始终没有回来过。竹碗留在了葫芦岩80多年，老邱一家守护了80多年。时光远去，竹碗上印着的烽火岁月，葫芦岩渡口的涛声仍旧那么的清晰。
In this way, the bowl was left in the Qiu family. Every time they saw this bamboo bowl, the family would think of the thin Red Army soldier and worry about him. Whether the Red Army soldier crossed the Xiangjiang River and whether he successfully arrived in Yan'an, every time he thought of the Red Army soldier, Lao Qiu's heart was very uncomfortable. When Lao Qiu was dying, he handed over the bamboo bowl to his juniors, and repeatedly told his juniors to keep this bamboo bowl, just because the Red Army soldier had said a word: We will come back! Lao Qiu's descendants, remember the entrustment, the world has protected the bamboo bowl, more than 80 years, the Red Army soldier has never returned. The bamboo bowl has been left in Huluyan for more than 80 years, and the Lao Qiu family has guarded it for more than 80 years. Time has passed, the beacon years printed on the bamboo bowl, and the sound of the waves at the Huluyan ferry is still so clear.

罗荣桓元帅给子女留下的“传家宝”
The "heirloom" left by Marshal Luo Ronghuan to his children

罗荣桓是新中国十大开国元帅之一，他一生恪尽职守，被誉为“政工巨匠”。在家庭生活中，身为党的高级干部的罗荣桓更是以身作则，处处率先垂范，带头树立良好家风。他不仅严格要求自己，不搞特殊化，同时也教育家人和身边工作人员要做老实人、干老实事，对党绝对忠诚，时刻为人民服务，抵制特权思想。
Luo Ronghuan was one of the top ten founding marshals of New China, and he fulfilled his duties all his life and was known as a "master of political work". In family life, Luo Ronghuan, as a senior cadre of the party, leads by example, takes the lead everywhere, and takes the lead in establishing a good family style. He not only set strict demands on himself and did not engage in specialization, but also taught his family members and staff members to be honest people and do honest things, to be absolutely loyal to the party, to serve the people at all times, and to resist the idea of privilege.

罗荣桓夫妇与两个子女在山东
Mr. and Mrs. Luo Ronghuan are in Shandong with their two children

罗荣桓是一名慈父，但从不溺爱孩子。他认为对高级干部的子女更应该严格要求，否则高级干部家庭的子女容易有优越感，这种优越感若不及时克服，就会发展成为一种特殊化的倾向，从而脱离群众。因此，罗荣桓经常叮嘱自己的子女：“革命干部子女不要脱离群众，不要有优越感，要和工农子弟打成一片。你们千万不要有依赖爸爸、妈妈的思想，要靠自己的本事吃饭。”
Luo Ronghuan is a loving father, but he never dotes on his children. He believes that the children of high-ranking cadres should be set all the more strict, otherwise the children of high-ranking cadres' families are prone to have a sense of superiority, and if this sense of superiority is not overcome in time, it will develop into a tendency of specialization and thus separate themselves from the masses. Therefore, Luo Ronghuan often told his children: "The children of revolutionary cadres should not be separated from the masses, should not have a sense of superiority, and should mingle with the children of workers and peasants." You must not have the idea of relying on your father and mother, but rely on your own ability to eat. ”

罗荣桓十分注重对子女的教育。他的儿子罗东进和妹妹罗南下上小学时，由于学校离家远，平时兄妹俩都住校，只在星期六才坐公共汽车回家。有一次学校放学晚了，家里派车去接回了他俩。罗荣桓知道这件事后，把全家都召集到一块儿，严肃地说：“以后绝对不准用小车接送孩子。汽车是组织上给我工作用的，不是接送你们上学的，你们平时已经享受了不少你们不应当享受的待遇，如果再不自觉就不好了，那样会害了你们自己的。”他告诉工作人员：“让他们搭公共汽车也是个锻炼嘛！”后来有一次兄妹俩放学回家，没搭上公共汽车，就步行回家，天很晚了还没到家。家里人有些着急了，担心孩子在路上出什么事。这时，两个孩子满头大汗、一身尘土地进了家门。罗荣桓一看就明白了，高兴地表扬了他们，说道：“好，好，你们做得很对，年轻人就应该时刻锻炼自己，不怕吃苦。生活上不搞特殊化，不要一味追求舒适的生活，贪图享受。今天你们搭不上车走着回来，不怕苦，不怕累，这种精神要发扬，要长久保存下去。”
Luo Ronghuan attaches great importance to the education of his children. When his son Luo Dongjin and sister Luo Nan went to primary school, because the school was far away from home, the siblings usually lived on the school and only took the bus home on Saturdays. Once, when school was late, the family sent a car to pick them up. After Luo Ronghuan learned about this, he gathered the whole family together and said solemnly: "In the future, it is absolutely forbidden to use a car to pick up and drop off children." The car is for me to work in the organization, not to transport you to school, and you have already enjoyed a lot of treatment that you should not enjoy, and if you don't realize it, it will be bad, and it will hurt you. He told the staff: "It's a workout to let them take the bus!" "Later, when the siblings came home from school, they didn't catch the bus, so they walked home, and they didn't get home until late. The family was a little anxious and worried about what would happen to the child on the road. At this time, the two children entered the house sweating profusely and covered in dust. Luo Ronghuan understood at a glance, praised them happily, and said: "Okay, good, you are doing the right thing, young people should always exercise themselves and not be afraid of hardship." Don't engage in specialization in life, don't blindly pursue a comfortable life, and covet enjoyment. Today, you can't take the car and walk back, you are not afraid of hardship, you are not afraid of tiredness, this spirit must be carried forward, and it must be preserved for a long time. ”

1958年，正在读高中的罗东进报名参加了修建十三陵水库的义务劳动。他表现积极，受到了上级的表扬。罗荣桓听闻后十分欣慰。回家看到儿子被磨破皮的肩膀，他勉励道：“这仅仅是开始。劳动人民的肩膀都已经磨成死茧了。你不要被艰苦吓倒，今后还要更积极地参加劳动。”在父亲的谆谆教导下，罗东
In 1958, Luo Dongjin, who was in high school, signed up for voluntary labor in the construction of the Ming Tombs Reservoir. He was positive and was praised by his superiors. Luo Ronghuan was very relieved when he heard this. When he came home and saw his son's frayed shoulders, he encouraged, "This is just the beginning." The shoulders of the working people have been ground into calluses. Don't be intimidated by hardships, and you should take part in labor more actively in the future. "Under the earnest teaching of his father, Luo Dong进不断地追求上进，1959年考上了哈尔滨军事工程学院。在儿子离家前，罗荣桓语重心长地叮嘱他：“我同意你到军工去学习，是希望你在军事院校里接受严格的军事教育，使你在政治上更快地进步，将来为我国的国防建设做一点贡献，为人民做一点有益的事。而绝不是要你当什
In 1959, he was admitted to the Harbin Military Engineering College. Before his son left home, Luo Ronghuan told him earnestly: "I agree with you to study in the military industry because I hope that you will receive a strict military education in military academies, so that you can make faster progress in politics and make a little contribution to China's national defense construction and do something useful for the people in the future." And it's not about you么官，出来摆威风。”还说，“现在我们的科学技术还很落后，落后就要挨打，你们要长志气，为国家搞出点成就来。”随后，他又拿出笔在纸上写了几行字，让罗东进带着并时刻铭记：学习专业与学习政治相结合。政治是确定方向，没有方向的航行，是会误入迷途的。紧密地联系同学，互相协作，达到一齐提高。警戒孤僻自大，也不要自卑无信心。遵守军事纪律，养成大无畏精神。在校期间，罗东
Official, come out and show your majesty. He also said, "At present, our science and technology are still very backward, and if we are backward, we will be beaten, so you must have high ambition and make some achievements for the country." Then, he took out a pen and wrote a few lines on the paper, so that Luo Dongjin could take it with him and always remember: the combination of studying major and studying politics. Politics is a way to set the direction, and if you sail without a direction, you will go astray. Keep in close contact with your classmates and collaborate with each other to improve together. Be wary of being aloof and arrogant, and don't be inferior or unconfident. Observe military discipline and cultivate a fearless spirit. During his time at school, Luo Dong进担任班里的党小组组长，平时活动多，学习压力又大，工作中难免出现急躁情绪。罗荣桓十分关心孩子的成长，抽空就会给他写信，时时提醒和告诫儿子：“不要只是用口号去要求别人，那样只会使自己脱离群众，使自己成为一个空头革命家，而应该以实际行动去影响别人。”罗东进牢记父亲的教诲，努力改掉了自己急躁的毛病。有一次假期，
The leader of the party group in the class usually has a lot of activities and a lot of study pressure, so it is inevitable that he will be impatient at work. Luo Ronghuan is very concerned about the growth of his children, and he will write to him when he has time, reminding and admonishing his son from time to time: "Don't just use slogans to demand others, that will only separate yourself from the masses and make you an empty revolutionary, but you should influence others with practical actions." Luo Dongjin kept his father's teachings in mind and worked hard to get rid of his impatience. There was a holiday,罗东进坐火车
Luo Dongjin took the train回家，主动将自己的座位让给了一位老大爷，而自己则在过道里站了一天一夜，结果回到家就病倒了。罗荣桓了解到事情的经过后，夸奖儿子说：“你做得对！能吃苦，这很好。我们像你这么大年纪，哪有火车坐呀。”
When he went home, he voluntarily gave up his seat to an old man, and he stood in the aisle for a day and a night, and then fell ill when he got home. After Luo Ronghuan learned what happened, he praised his son and said, "You did the right thing!" It's good to be able to endure hardship. We're your age, how can we have a train. ”

多年以后，孩子们回忆起父亲的点滴教诲仍十分感激，罗东进说：“爸爸给我烙印最深的，还是他自己的模范行为。”罗荣桓的一言 一行如春风化雨，无声地浸润着孩子们的成长。
Years later, the children are still very grateful when they recall their father's teachings, and Luo Dongjin said: "What imprinted me the most deeply on my father was his own exemplary behavior. Luo Ronghuan's words and deeds are like spring breeze and rain, silently infiltrating the growth of children.

罗荣桓几十年身体力行，留下的对党忠诚，严格要求子女，做老实人、办老实事的革命风范是我们党永不褪色的“传家宝”，是留给我们后人的巨大精神财富，直到今天仍然闪烁着光芒。
Luo Ronghuan has practiced it for decades, and the revolutionary style of being loyal to the party, strictly demanding his children, being an honest person, and doing honest things is the "heirloom" of our party that will never fade, and it is the huge spiritual wealth left to our descendants, which still shines today.

她是“老革命”，却不做高官甘当“园丁”
She is an "old revolutionary", but she is not a high-ranking official and is willing to be a "gardener"

在实现中华民族伟大复兴的道路上，有着很多妇女界的革命先驱。在革命年代，一位出生在湖南芷江古老小镇的女性，长期坚持我党的地下斗争，为革命作出了杰出贡献。新中国成立后，她受到中央三次任职邀约，但她却三次婉拒，甘当教育园地的一名“园丁”。这位女同志是谁？我们一起了解一下。
On the road to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, there are many revolutionary pioneers in the women's circles. During the revolutionary years, a woman born in the ancient town of Zhijiang, Hunan, persisted in the underground struggle of our party for a long time and made outstanding contributions to the revolution. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she was invited by the central government to serve three times, but she declined three times and was willing to become a "gardener" in the education garden. Who is this lesbian? Let's find out.

王一知资料图
Wang Yizhi data map

王一知，原名杨代诚，1901年出生在芷江一个叫杨家村的小山村，男尊女卑的时代注定了她不幸的童年。14岁时，母亲早逝、父亲厌弃，她愤然离家求学，考入省立第二女子师范学校，在五年的求学生涯中，分文无助的境遇铸就了她艰苦朴素和永不言放弃的性格。
Wang Yizhi, formerly known as Yang Daicheng, was born in 1901 in a small mountain village called Yangjiacun in Zhijiang. At the age of 14, her mother died early and her father rejected her, so she left home to study and was admitted to the Provincial No. 2 Women's Normal School.

1919年，五四运动爆发后，王一知与十几名女同学组成救国团，她们一起剪发明志，很快她就从一名普通的学生成长为了五四运动中的学生领袖。因为表现优秀，不久后她还加入了共产党，与我党早期重要领导人张太雷结为伉俪。1938年，抗日战争全面爆发后不久，王一知来到上海，在党组织的领导下，她兼任三个地下电台收送密电的“红色女特工”，不断地向延安传送重要情报，为抗日战争的胜利贡献了力量。
In 1919, after the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, Wang Yizhi and a dozen female classmates formed the National Salvation League, and they cut out their aspirations together, and soon she grew from an ordinary student to a student leader in the May Fourth Movement. Because of her excellent performance, she also joined the Communist Party soon after, and married Zhang Tailei, an important leader of our party in the early days. In 1938, shortly after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Yizhi came to Shanghai, and under the leadership of the party organization, she also served as the "red female agent" of three underground radio stations to receive and transmit secret telegrams, constantly transmitting important information to Yan'an, and contributing to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

1942年，三台秘密电台中的一台被暴露，王一知不顾个人安危，及时转移了另外两台电台，为组织保留了传递情报的通道。之后王一知移居当时的陪都重庆，继续为组织传递情报。尤其是解放战争期间，王一知的情报工作为我党减少了很多损失。
In 1942, one of the three secret radio stations was exposed, and Wang Yizhi disregarded his personal safety and transferred the other two radio stations in time, reserving a channel for the organization to transmit information. After that, Wang Yizhi moved to Chongqing, the capital of the company at that time, and continued to pass on information to the organization. Especially during the War of Liberation, Wang Yizhi's intelligence work reduced a lot of losses for our party.

新中国成立前后，党中央对王一知曾在白色恐怖下开展地下斗争长达20余年的工作历史给予了高度赞扬。1949年，领导征求她的意见，希望她能到中央领导妇女工作。不过，王一知却婉言拒绝，她说：“我愿意跟孩子们在一起，只想做一名中学校长。”之后，她在上海吴淞中学担任校长，长期在教育领域深耕。
Before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the CPC Central Committee highly praised Wang Yizhi's work history of carrying out underground struggles under the White Terror for more than 20 years. In 1949, the leaders consulted her, hoping that she could lead the work of women in the central government. However, Wang Yizhi politely refused, saying: "I want to be with the children, I just want to be a middle school principal." After that, she served as the principal of Wusong Middle School in Shanghai, and has been deeply involved in the field of education for a long time.

王一知资料图
Wang Yizhi data map

1953年，中组部再次发函希望调她到中央教育部担任重要职务，王一知表示愿意为基层的教育工作贡献力量。后来随着北京教育事业发展的需要，她先后担任了北京师大附属中学副校长、校长等职务，并在1955年担任了101学校校长。1977年，党中央向王一知同志第三次发出邀请函，再次请她到中央部委工作，这次她还是坚决拒绝了，她说：“我要把时间留给孩子，我喜欢与孩子相处的日子。”
In 1953, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee sent another letter hoping to transfer her to an important post in the Central Ministry of Education, and Wang Yizhi expressed his willingness to contribute to the education work at the grassroots level. Later, with the needs of the development of education in Beijing, she successively served as the vice principal and principal of the High School Affiliated to Beijing Normal University, and in 1955, she served as the principal of 101 School. In 1977, the Party Central Committee sent a letter of invitation to Comrade Wang Yizhi for the third time, again inviting her to work in the central ministries and commissions, but this time she resolutely refused, she said: "I want to leave time for my children, I like the days with children." ”

直到1981年离休，王一知在中学校长的岗位上埋头苦干了30年，成为新中国的知名教育家，桃李满天下，李铁映、伍绍祖、施光南等都曾是她的学生。
Until his retirement in 1981, Wang Yizhi worked hard for 30 years as the principal of the middle school and became a well-known educator in New China.

陈云凤，毛主席称赞的革命母亲
Chen Yunfeng, the revolutionary mother praised by Chairman Mao

“砍头不要紧，只要主义真。杀了夏明翰，还有后来人。”这首《就义诗》和它的作者夏明翰可以说广为人知，但养育夏明翰并支持他走上革命道路的母亲陈云凤却鲜为人知。
"It doesn't matter if you cut off your head, as long as it's true. Killed Xia Minghan, and later generations. This poem and its author, Xia Minghan, can be said to be widely known, but the mother Chen Yunfeng, who raised Xia Minghan and supported him on the revolutionary road, is little known.

陈云凤，1870年出生于湖南衡山县（今衡东县霞流镇平田村）的封建官僚家庭。她的父亲陈嘉言是清朝时期的进士，官居翰林。民国成立后，任民国第三届国会议员。陈嘉言为官正直，执法严明，有“铁面御史”之称。
Chen Yunfeng was born in 1870 in a feudal bureaucratic family in Hengshan County, Hunan Province (now Pingtian Village, Xialiu Town, Hengdong County). Her father, Chen Jiayan, was a Jinshi during the Qing Dynasty and lived in Hanlin. After the founding of the Republic of China, he served as a member of the third National Assembly of the Republic of China. Chen Jiayan is an upright official, strict law enforcement, and is known as the "iron-faced imperial history".

陈云凤是陈嘉言的长女，自幼受到父亲的疼爱，教她学习中国传统文化。但陈云凤并不喜欢读那些四书五经，却喜欢读那些历史故事，读王夫之的书。她出身于书香门第家庭，善诗文，18岁那年父亲把她嫁给了门当户对的衡阳夏家的世家公子夏绍范。
Chen Yunfeng is the eldest daughter of Chen Jiayan, who was loved by her father since she was a child and taught her to learn traditional Chinese culture. But Chen Yunfeng doesn't like to read those four books and five classics, but he likes to read those historical stories and Wang Fuzhi's books. She was born in a scholarly family, good at poetry, and when she was 18 years old, her father married her to Xia Shaofan, the son of the Hengyang Xia family.

夏绍范年轻有为，少年得志，18岁中第，31岁时由光绪皇帝亲授三品顶戴花翎，进封资政大夫，代理秭归知州。陈云凤也因此被赐封为诰命夫人。夏绍范与他父亲不一样，思想比较进步。他曾被派往日本考察政务。这次国外出访，让夏绍范大大开阔眼界，同时有感晚清封建政治制度的腐朽不堪，必须要进行一场改革运动。
Xia Shaofan is young and promising, young and ambitious, 18 years old, 31 years old by the Guangxu Emperor personally awarded the three products to wear the flower feather, into the title of senior doctor, acting Zigui Zhizhou. Chen Yunfeng was also given the title of Lady of Destiny. Xia Shaofan is different from his father, and his thinking is more progressive. He was sent to Japan to inspect government affairs. This foreign visit greatly broadened Xia Shaofan's horizons, and at the same time he felt that the feudal political system of the late Qing Dynasty was rotten and that a reform movement was necessary.

陈云凤深受丈夫的影响，默默地支持丈夫的改革，追随孙中山闹革命，成为辛亥革命的先行者。可是，天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。1914年，丈夫夏绍范因病逝世，终年45岁。
Chen Yunfeng was deeply influenced by her husband, silently supported her husband's reforms, followed Sun Yat-sen's revolution, and became the forerunner of the Xinhai Revolution. However, there are unforeseen circumstances in the sky, and people have good and bad luck. In 1914, her husband Xia Shaofan died of illness at the age of 45.

丈夫的突然离世并没有让陈云凤消沉，因为她还有大堆孩子们要抚养，生活还要继续。公公夏时济是一家之主，抚养孙子们的重任落在他和陈云凤肩上。可是陈云凤与夏时济在教育孩子方面发生了分歧。夏时济思想保守、墨守成规，死磕“忠君爱国”思想，叫孙儿们死磕四书五经，以图将来光宗耀祖。陈云凤则思想开明，让孩子们多读些《红楼梦》《岳飞传》等故事书，培养孩子们富有正义感、爱国之心。陈云凤的思想潜移默化影响她的孩子们，孩子们更多选择母亲的教育，往往与祖父作对。
The sudden death of her husband did not make Chen Yunfeng depressed, because she still had a lot of children to raise, and her life had to go on. Father-in-law Xia Shiji is the head of the family, and the responsibility of raising grandchildren falls on him and Chen Yunfeng. However, Chen Yunfeng and Xia Shiji had a disagreement on educating children. Xia Shiji was conservative and conformist, and stubbornly stumbled on the idea of "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism", and asked his grandchildren to stumble on the Four Books and Five Classics, in order to glorify their ancestors in the future. Chen Yunfeng is open-minded and asks children to read more storybooks such as "Dream of Red Mansions" and "The Biography of Yue Fei", so as to cultivate children's sense of justice and patriotism. Chen Yunfeng's ideas have subtly influenced her children, who are more likely to choose their mother's education, often against their grandfather.

夏明翰深受母亲的影响，走上了革命的道路。1917年，他考上衡阳省立第三甲工业学校机械科。在学校，他积极参加反帝反封建活动，组织同学们游行示威，抵制日货活动，并当选为湘南学生运动联会负责人，创办《湘南学生运动联会周刊》，传播新思想。1919年，五四运动爆发，夏明翰组织同学参加游行示威活动，焚烧日货活动，竟然连他祖父夹在书房墙内的日货，也搜出来焚烧。后来夏明翰来到省城长沙，结识何叔衡、毛泽东等人，并加入了中国共产党，组织湖南农民运动，发展革命力量。
Heavily influenced by his mother, Shamingham embarked on the path of revolution. In 1917, he was admitted to the mechanical department of Hengyang Provincial No. 3 Industrial School. At school, he actively participated in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal activities, organized demonstrations by classmates, boycotted Japanese goods, and was elected as the head of the Shonan Student Movement Federation, and founded the "Shonan Student Movement Federation Weekly" to spread new ideas. In 1919, when the May Fourth Movement broke out, Xia Minghan organized his classmates to participate in demonstrations and burn Japanese goods. Later, Xia Minghan came to Changsha, the provincial capital, and became acquainted with He Shuheng, Mao Zedong and others, and joined the Communist Party of China, organized the Hunan peasant movement, and developed revolutionary forces.

陈云凤塑像
Statue of Chen Yunfeng

陈云凤与公公夏时济教育观念不同，于是她带着孩子们离开了夏家，搬到外面住。少了公公的接济，陈云凤变卖首饰支持孩子们参加革命。她对孩子们说：“古人云，‘匈奴不灭，何以为家。’你们走你们的路，母亲绝不拦你们。”
Chen Yunfeng and her father-in-law Xia Shiji have different educational concepts, so she left the Xia family with her children and moved to live outside. Without the help of her father-in-law, Chen Yunfeng sold jewelry to support the children to participate in the revolution. She said to the children: "The ancients said, 'If the Huns are not destroyed, how can they be home.'" 'Go your way, and Mother will not stop you.' ”

母亲深明大义，夏明翰及他的弟弟、妹妹们倍受鼓舞。陈云凤不仅在精神上鼓励，还在生活上给予支持。她家里总有一批年轻人，在探讨救国救民的道理，她当起他们的保姆，负责他们的生活起居。陈云凤从前清的诰命夫人慢慢转变为一位英雄的母亲，一位革命者。
His mother understood righteousness, and Shamingham and his younger brothers and sisters were greatly inspired. Chen Yunfeng not only encouraged him spiritually, but also gave him support in life. There are always a group of young people in her family, who are discussing the truth of saving the country and the people, and she is their nanny and responsible for their daily life. Chen Yunfeng slowly transformed from a former Qing lady to a heroic mother and a revolutionary.

陈云凤经夏明翰的介绍，认识了何叔衡、毛泽东等人，深受他们思想的影响，也加入革命当中。在1922年，她当选衡阳县参政议员，成为衡阳县第一位参政的女议员。她将自己的七个子女都送去参加革命，短短两个月，有四个成为烈士。陈云凤承受了常人难以承受的悲痛。但是她化悲痛为力量，继续秉承孩子们的遗志，为我党的革命事业积极奔走呼号。对这位伟大的母亲，毛主席称赞她是“夏明翰的好母亲”。
Through Xia Minghan's introduction, Chen Yunfeng met He Shuheng, Mao Zedong and others, and was deeply influenced by their ideas and joined the revolution. In 1922, she was elected as a member of the Hengyang County Council, becoming the first female councilor in Hengyang County to participate in politics. She sent all seven of her children to participate in the revolution, and in just two months, four of them became martyrs. Chen Yunfeng endured unbearable grief for ordinary people. However, she turned her grief into strength, continued to uphold the legacy of her children, and actively campaigned for the revolutionary cause of our party. For this great mother, Chairman Mao praised her as "Xia Minghan's good mother".

第三章 湖南红色精神
Chapter 3 The Red Spirit of Hunan

韶山精神
Shaoshan spirit

韶山精神的灵魂是坚定信念。据资料记载，在革命战争年代，韶山先后有1598人为革命献身，他们抛头颅、洒热血，为了新中国的建立奉献了自己宝贵的生命。
The soul of the spirit of Shaoshan is firm belief. According to records, during the years of the revolutionary war, 1,598 people in Shaoshan sacrificed their lives for the revolution, and they threw down their heads and shed their blood to dedicate their precious lives for the establishment of New China.

韶山精神的核心是无私奉献。韶山的革命前辈在国家危亡之际，为了民族独立，为了人民幸福，淡泊名利、无私奉献。作为从韶山走出的一代伟人，毛泽东同志把毕生的精力都无私奉献给了他热爱的祖国和人民，他的六位亲人、中共韶山特别支部最早的五位成员甚至为此献出了宝贵生命。
The core of Shaoshan spirit is selfless dedication. When the country was in danger, the revolutionary predecessors of Shaoshan were indifferent to fame and fortune and selfless dedication for the sake of national independence and the happiness of the people. As a great man of the generation who came out of Shaoshan, Comrade Mao Zedong selflessly dedicated his whole life to the motherland and the people he loved, and his six relatives and the first five members of the Shaoshan Special Branch of the Communist Party of China even sacrificed their precious lives for this.

韶山精神的实质是敢为人先。韶山的革命前辈以天下为己任，领风流之先，立潮头之前，以崇高的责任心，完成伟大的使命。他们组织被剥削压迫农民奋起反抗，打土豪、分田地，组建农民武装，在韶山这片红色热土播下了革命的星星之火。正因为他们这种敢为人先的精神，中国革命才在毛泽东同志的带领下走上了正确的道路，并取得最终胜利。
The essence of the spirit of Shaoshan is to dare to be the first. The revolutionary predecessors of Shaoshan took the world as their own responsibility, led the way, and completed the great mission with a lofty sense of responsibility before the tide. They organized the exploited and oppressed peasants to rise up and resist, beat the local tyrants, divided the land, and formed peasant armies, sowing the spark of revolution in the red hot land of Shaoshan. It was precisely because of their spirit of daring to be the first that the Chinese revolution embarked on the correct road under the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong and won the final victory.

韶山精神的特征是合群奋斗。第一次国共合作形成不久，毛泽东同志回到家乡开展农民运动，依靠“合群奋斗”，建立了20多个秘密农民协会，建立了坚强的领导核心韶山党支部，为后来农民运动的高潮打下坚定基础，也为之后革命低潮期群众斗争和解放湖南提供了科学指引。
The spirit of Shaoshan is characterized by collective struggle. Soon after the formation of the first KMT-CPC cooperation, Comrade Mao Zedong returned to his hometown to carry out the peasant movement, relying on the "collective struggle", established more than 20 secret peasant associations, and established a strong leadership core Shaoshan Party branch, which laid a firm foundation for the later upsurge of the peasant movement, and also provided scientific guidance for the mass struggle and the liberation of Hunan during the low tide of the revolution later.

韶山精神
Shaoshan spirit

韶山精神不是一种地域精神，而是中国共产党人红色基因和精神族谱的重要组成部分，它是我们党在革命战争年代留给后人的宝贵精神财富。无论在革命战争时期还是在和平建设时期，它都是中国人民砥砺奋进，不断从胜利走向胜利的强大思想动力。
The spirit of Shaoshan is not a regional spirit, but an important part of the red gene and spiritual genealogy of the Chinese Communists, and it is the precious spiritual wealth left by our party to future generations during the revolutionary war years. Whether in the period of revolutionary war or in the period of peaceful construction, it is a powerful ideological driving force for the Chinese people to forge ahead and constantly advance from victory to victory.

通道转兵精神
The spirit of the passage to the army

1934年，中央红军经湘江战役遭受重大损失后，未来行军方向如何，牵动着每一位将士的心。为防止中央红军北上与红二、六军团会合，数十万敌军早已抢先在通道以北进入阵地，一个更加凶险的危局眼看就要来临。是转兵敌军军事力量较弱的贵州，还是按原定计划直奔湘西？危急关头，毛泽东根据敌我双方的军事态势，建议中央红军放弃北上同红二、红六军团会合的原定计划，立即转向西，到敌军力量比较薄弱的贵州去。博古、李德等“左”倾领导者，不顾红军全军覆没的危险，执意要按原计划北上湘西，去与二、六军团会合。这就引起了中央最高领导层对中央红军前进方向的讨论。12月12日，中央在通道境内临时决定召开紧急会议，着重讨论红军战略转移的前进方向问题。
In 1934, after the Central Red Army suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Xiangjiang, the direction of the future march affected the hearts of every soldier. In order to prevent the Central Red Army from moving north to join up with the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps, hundreds of thousands of enemy troops had already preemptively entered positions north of the passage, and an even more dangerous crisis was imminent. Will he transfer to Guizhou, where the enemy's military strength is weak, or will he go straight to Xiangxi as originally planned? At the critical juncture, Mao Zedong, in light of the military situation of both the enemy and us, suggested that the Central Red Army abandon its original plan of going north to join the Red Second and Red Sixth Army Corps, and immediately turn west to Guizhou, where the enemy's strength was relatively weak. Ignoring the danger of the total annihilation of the Red Army, "leftist" leaders such as Bogu and Li De insisted on going north to Xiangxi as originally planned to join up with the Second and Sixth Army Corps. This gave rise to a discussion in the top leadership of the Central Committee on the direction of the advance of the Central Red Army. On December 12, the Central Committee temporarily decided to convene an emergency meeting on the territory of the passage to focus on the question of the direction of advance of the strategic transfer of the Red Army.

毛泽东同志主张，部队应该放弃原定计划，改变战略方向，立即转向西到敌人力量薄弱的贵州去，一定不能再往北走了！他形象地说：“我们何不来个避实就虚，甩掉眼前的强敌，到贵州。为什么一定要去钻口袋？大路朝天，各走一边嘛！”
Comrade Mao Zedong advocated that the troops should abandon their original plans, change their strategic direction, and immediately turn west to Guizhou, where the enemy's strength is weak, and must not go further north! He said vividly: "Why don't we come to avoid the real and make up for it, get rid of the strong enemy in front of us, and go to Guizhou." Why do you have to go for a drill pocket? The road is facing the sky, go to each side! ”

参加会议的周恩来、张闻天、王稼祥等多数同志赞成和支持毛泽东的主张。当晚7时半，中革军委向各军团、纵队首长发出西入贵州的“万万火急”电令。12月13日，中央红军在通道境内分两路转兵西进：一路进入靖县（今为靖州苗族侗族自治县）的新厂、平茶，然后分两路向贵州进军；一路进入贵州洪州，向黎平挺进，避开了敌人布下重兵的包围圈。
Most of the comrades attending the meeting, including Zhou Enlai, Zhang Wentian, and Wang Jiaxiang, agreed with and supported Mao Zedong's proposal. At half past seven o'clock that night, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued a "ten thousand urgent" telegram to the commanders of all army corps and columns to enter Guizhou in the west. On December 13, the Central Red Army moved westward in two ways in the territory of the passage: one way entered Xinchang and Pingcha in Jingxian County (now Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County), and then marched to Guizhou in two ways; All the way into Hongzhou, Guizhou, advanced to Liping, avoiding the encirclement of the enemy's heavy troops.

事实证明，通道转兵的决定，是在当时环境下中央红军摆脱险境的唯一正确抉择，避免了红军按原计划北上湘西可能遭受的毁灭性命运，为党和红军开辟了一条生路。
Facts have proved that the decision to transfer troops through the channel was the only correct choice for the Central Red Army to get out of the dangerous situation under the circumstances at that time, avoided the devastating fate that the Red Army might suffer as originally planned to go north to Xiangxi, and opened up a way for the party and the Red Army to survive.

通道转兵精神
The spirit of the passage to the army

风雨飘摇中，毛泽东带领中国红军走出了困境，找准了“通道”，揭开了我党历史上第一次伟大转折——遵义会议的序幕...
In the midst of the storm, Mao Zedong led the Chinese Red Army out of the predicament, found the "channel", and opened the first great turning point in the history of our party - the prelude to the Zunyi Conference...

“通道转兵”在危难关头挽救了红军，挽救了党，挽救了革命，体现了坚持党的领导、实事求是、独立自主、民主集中、勇于担当的精神。
The "channel to the army" saved the Red Army, the party, and the revolution at a critical juncture, and embodied the spirit of upholding the party's leadership, seeking truth from facts, being independent, democratically centralizing, and having the courage to take responsibility.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MTg5OTM0Ng==&mid=2651469585&idx=5&sn=292189e1d9b97f6ae2e6c6a8c520d3e2&chksm=bd501cac8a2795ba983f6e556e2ca033f49301b620d962031cb3f88387f0ebd57f499562011a&scene=27

平江起义革命精神
The revolutionary spirit of the Pingjiang Uprising

1928年7月18日晚，彭德怀在得知共产党员黄公略身份暴露，一团好不容易积累下来的党的力量面临严重危险之后，果断召开党的紧急会议，同此前受中共湖南省委派遣来到平江的滕代远商议，决定于7月22日下午1时以士兵闹饷的名义发动起义。经过精心准备，起义如期举行。不到两个小时起义部队便夺取了平江县城，解除了城内2000余人的反动武装，缴获步枪1000多支、子弹100万发，恶霸官绅和革命叛徒等几乎被一网打尽，关押在监狱里的上千名革命群众全部获救。24日，平江县工农兵苏维埃政府、中国工农红军第五军均宣告成立。新成立的红五军由彭德怀任军长，滕代远任党代表，邓萍任参谋长，下辖3个团，共2500余人。
On the evening of July 18, 1928, after learning that the identity of Communist Party member Huang Gongluo had been exposed and that a group of party forces that had been accumulated with great difficulty were in serious danger, Peng Dehuai decisively convened an emergency meeting of the party to discuss with Teng Daiyuan, who had been sent to Pingjiang by the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and decided to launch an uprising at 1 p.m. on July 22 in the name of soldiers' salaries. After careful preparations, the uprising took place as scheduled. In less than two hours, the rebel troops seized the county seat of Pingjiang, disarmed more than 2,000 reactionary forces in the city, seized more than 1,000 rifles and 1 million rounds of ammunition, and almost wiped out the bullies, gentry, and revolutionary traitors, and rescued all the thousands of revolutionaries imprisoned in prison. On the 24th, the Pingjiang County Workers' and Peasants' and Soldiers' Soviet Government and the Fifth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army were proclaimed. The newly established Red Fifth Army was headed by Peng Dehuai, with Teng Daiyuan as party representative, and Deng Ping as chief of staff, with three regiments under its jurisdiction and a total of more than 2,500 people.

《平江起义》（油画）
Pingjiang Uprising (oil painting)

坚持党的领导，是平江起义革命精神的核心要义。从7月18日决心起义到24日宣告红五军成立，以彭德怀为书记的党委，在中共湖南省委派遣的湘鄂赣边特委书记滕代远指导和协助下，先后召开六次重要会议，对平江起义进行全过程动态式领导，这是平江起义取得成功的根本保证。
Upholding the party's leadership is the core essence of the revolutionary spirit of the Pingjiang Uprising. From the determination of the uprising on 18 July to the proclamation of the establishment of the Red Fifth Army on 24 July, the party committee with Peng Dehuai as secretary and under the guidance and assistance of Teng Daiyuan, secretary of the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Special Committee dispatched by the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee, successively held six important meetings to exercise dynamic leadership over the entire process of the Pingjiang uprising, which was the fundamental guarantee for the success of the Pingjiang uprising.

平江起义威震湘鄂赣，震撼全中国，极大地振奋了革命者斗志，打击了反动派的嚣张气焰。它不仅推动了湘鄂赣边界革命斗争，为创建湘鄂赣革命根据地奠定了坚实基础，同时也为保卫井冈山革命根据地做出了重大贡献。平江起义后创建的红军部队，为中国革命增添了一支劲旅，直至今天仍然活跃在人民解放军行列中。
The Pingjiang Uprising shook Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi and the whole of China, greatly boosting the fighting spirit of the revolutionaries and striking a blow to the arrogance of the reactionaries. It not only promoted the revolutionary struggle on the border between Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi and laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi revolutionary base area, but also made a major contribution to the defense of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area. The Red Army units created after the Pingjiang Uprising added a strong force to the Chinese Revolution and are still active in the ranks of the People's Liberation Army today.

平江起义革命集中体现了中国共产党人百折不挠的坚定信念、勇往直前的开拓进取、不畏艰难的奉献牺牲、万众一心的团结奋斗的精神。
The Pingjiang Uprising and Revolution embodied the indomitable firm belief of the Chinese Communists, the pioneering spirit of forging ahead bravely, the dedication and sacrifice that are not afraid of difficulties, and the spirit of unity and struggle of all people.

秋收起义精神
The spirit of the Autumn Harvest Uprising

1927年蒋介石、汪精卫先后叛变革命，第一次国内革命战争遭到失败。为了挽救革命，1927年7月中共中央在湖北汉口召开了临时政治局常委会议，决定在共产党力量较强、 工农运动基础较好的湖南、湖北、江西、广东4个省举行秋收暴动，彻底解决农民的土地问题。 1927年8月7日中共中央在汉口召开紧急会议（即八七会议），纠正了陈独秀的右倾投降主义路线，确定了武装反抗国民党反动派屠杀政策和开展土地革命的总方针。会议决定派毛泽东去湖南改组中共湖南省委和领导秋收起义。
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betrayed the revolution successively, and the first domestic revolutionary war was defeated. In order to save the revolution, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China convened a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Political Bureau in Hankou, Hubei Province, in July 1927, and decided to hold an autumn harvest rebellion in the four provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Guangdong, where the Communist Party was strong and the workers' and peasants' movement had a good foundation, so as to thoroughly solve the land problem of the peasants. On August 7, 1927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) convened an emergency meeting in Hankou (i.e., the 87 Conference), which corrected Chen Duxiu's right-leaning capitulationist line and determined the general policy of armed resistance against the massacre policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries and the launching of the agrarian revolution. The meeting decided to send Mao Zedong to Hunan to reorganize the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising.

秋收起义（油画）
Autumn Harvest Uprising (oil on canvas)

早在起义发动阶段，毛泽东就被国民党民团抓住并拟押至民团总部处死，幸而机智逃脱。起义爆发初期，三个团先后失利，原定攻打长沙的计划落空，部队由5000多人锐减到1500余人。 配合起义的农民暴动也未能包围长沙，并均遭失败。几支失利部队会合文家市后，在转往罗霄山脉并向 芦溪进发时再遭敌军袭击，总指挥卢德铭壮烈牺牲。直至上井冈山前夕，起义部队还因在遂川大汾镇遭 地主武装突袭而被打散。这一路的挫折对整个队伍是极其严骏的考验，但毛泽东和起义部队一往无前， 终以百折不挠的精神将红旗插上井冈山，并由此走上农村包围城市的中国革命新道路。
As early as the stage of the uprising, Mao Zedong was captured by the Kuomintang militia and was about to be taken to the headquarters of the militia to be executed, but fortunately escaped with wit. In the early days of the uprising, the three regiments were defeated one after another, and the original plan to attack Changsha fell through, and the troops were sharply reduced from more than 5,000 to more than 1,500. The peasant revolt that cooperated with the uprising also failed to encircle Changsha and failed. After several defeated troops joined Wenjia City, they were attacked by the enemy again when they turned to the Luoxiao Mountains and marched towards Luxi, and the commander-in-chief, Lu Deming, died a heroic death. Until the eve of Shangjinggangshan, the rebel forces were broken up by a surprise attack by the landlords' armed forces in Dafen Town, Suichuan. The setbacks along the way were extremely severe tests for the entire team, but Mao Zedong and the rebel troops were indomitable and finally planted the red flag on Jinggangshan with an indomitable spirit, and thus embarked on a new road of Chinese revolution in which the countryside surrounded the cities.

秋收起义是一次血与火的洗礼、生与死的考验。为共产主义奋斗，不仅仅是口头上的誓言，更要经受住流血甚至牺牲的考验。以毛泽东为代表的共产党人以大无畏的革命精神，不怕牺牲，敢于担当，既是斗争方向的引领者，也是行军作战的先锋军。
The Autumn Harvest Uprising was a baptism of blood and fire, a test of life and death. Fighting for communism is not only a verbal oath, but also a test of bloodshed and even sacrifice. The Communists represented by Mao Zedong were not afraid of sacrifice and dared to take responsibility with their fearless revolutionary spirit, and they were not only the leaders of the direction of struggle, but also the vanguard of marching and fighting.

雷锋精神
Lei Feng spirit

雷锋是中国人民解放军沈阳军区工程兵某部运输连班长。1960年1月应征入伍， 同年11月加入中国共产党。入伍后，在部队的培养教育下，雷锋不断提高政治觉悟，牢固地树立了 全心全意为人民服务的思想和为共产主义奋斗终身的远大目标，成长为一名伟大的共产主义战士。 1962年8月15日因公殉职。
Lei Feng is the squad leader of a transportation company of an engineering unit of the Shenyang Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He was conscripted into the army in January 1960 and joined the Communist Party of China in November of the same year. After joining the army, under the training and education of the army, Lei Feng constantly enhanced his political consciousness, firmly established the idea of serving the people wholeheartedly and the lofty goal of fighting for communism all his life, and grew into a great communist fighter. He died in the line of duty on August 15, 1962.

学雷锋，做先锋
Learn from Lei Feng and be a pioneer

雷锋人生观最光彩夺目的就是，他正确地解决了“全心全意为人民服务”的问题。 他把“生为人民生，死为人民死”作为自己的信条，“时刻准备着为党和阶级的最高利益，牺牲个人的 一切，甚至生命。”在这样的人生观指导下，雷锋始终保持着昂扬的精神状态和勇往直前的革命干劲， 在平凡的岗位上做出了不平凡的成绩，用生命践行了为共产主义事业毕生奉献的誓言。
The most dazzling thing about Lei Feng's outlook on life is that he correctly solved the problem of "serving the people wholeheartedly." He took "living for the people and dying for the people" as his creed, and "is always ready to sacrifice everything and even his life for the supreme interests of the party and the class." Under the guidance of such an outlook on life, Lei Feng has always maintained a high-spirited state of mind and a revolutionary drive to move forward bravely, made extraordinary achievements in an ordinary post, and fulfilled his oath of dedication to the cause of communism with his life.

在雷锋看来，“个人和集体的关系，正像细胞和人的整个身体关系一样。当人的身 体受到损害的时候，身上的细胞不可避免也要受到损害。同样的，我们每个人的幸福也依赖于祖国的 繁荣，如果损害了祖国的利益，我们每个人就得不到幸福！”正因为如此，雷锋时时处处都以党、人民 和祖国的利益为重，把帮助别人看作是最大的幸福和快乐，把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去。
In Lei Feng's view, "the relationship between the individual and the collective is just like the relationship between the cell and the whole body of the person." When the human body is damaged, the cells in the body will inevitably be damaged as well. In the same way, the happiness of each of us also depends on the prosperity of the motherland, and if the interests of the motherland are harmed, each of us will not be happy! It is precisely for this reason that Lei Feng always and everywhere puts the interests of the party, the people, and the motherland first, regards helping others as the greatest happiness and joy, and devotes his limited life to unlimited service to the people.

在生活上，指勤俭节约，吃苦耐劳，艰苦朴素的作风；在学习上，指挤时间刻苦读书的钉子精神；在工作上指把自己的一切献给党的主人翁意识；在为人处事上, 指助人为乐，全心全意为人民服务的崇高品质。
In life, it refers to the style of diligence and thrift, hard-working, hard work and simplicity; In terms of learning, it refers to the nail spirit of squeezing time and studying hard; In work, it refers to dedicating everything to the party's sense of ownership; In dealing with people, it refers to the noble quality of helping others and serving the people wholeheartedly.

半条被子精神
Half quilt spirit

1934年11月上旬，突破国民党军第二道封锁线后，中央红军在汝城县境内进行了长征半个月来首次较长时间的休整。红军纪律严明，战士们睡在屋檐下、空地里不仅没有动村民的东西，还帮助村民打扫卫生、挑水等。心疼这些战士，30多岁的村民徐解秀拉了3位女红军住到自己家里。腾出自家那张宽1.2米的木床，垫上稻草，床边架上一条搭脚的长板凳，徐解秀带着1岁的儿子加上女红军们，就这样挤到了一张床上。看到简陋的床铺上仅有一件蓑衣和一条烂棉絮，女红军便拿出她们唯一的一条行军被，和徐解秀母子一起横盖着。
In early November 1934, after breaking through the second blockade line of the Kuomintang army, the Central Red Army carried out the first long rest in the territory of Rucheng County in the territory of the Long March for half a month. The Red Army was very disciplined, and the soldiers slept under the eaves and in the open fields, not only did not touch the villagers' things, but also helped the villagers to clean up, carry water, etc. Feeling sorry for these soldiers, Xu Jiexiu, a villager in his 30s, pulled three female Red Army soldiers to live in his home. vacated his 1.2-meter-wide wooden bed, put straw on it, and set up a long bench next to the bed, Xu Jiexiu took his 1-year-old son and the female Red Army, and squeezed into a bed like this. Seeing that there was only a coat and a piece of rotten cotton wool on the simple bed, the female Red Army took out their only marching quilt and covered it horizontally with Xu Jiexiu's mother and son.

临走时，怕徐解秀母子寒冬难熬，3位女红军执意把被子留给她，但徐解秀坚决不同意。推来推去僵持不下，一位女红军索性找来剪刀，把被子剪成两半，留下半条给徐解秀，还留下两句话：“红军是共产党领导的人民军队，打敌人是为了老百姓能过上好生活。等革命胜利了， 我们还会回来看您的，送您一床新被子。”抱着半条被子，徐解秀含着泪，送了女红军一程又一程。
Before leaving, afraid that Xu Jiexiu's mother and son would have a difficult winter, the three female Red Army soldiers insisted on leaving the quilt to her, but Xu Jiexiu resolutely disagreed. Pushing back and forth to a stalemate, a female Red Army simply found scissors, cut the quilt in half, left half for Xu Jiexiu, and left two sentences: "The Red Army is a people's army led by the Communist Party, and fighting the enemy is so that the people can live a good life." When the revolution is victorious, we will come back to see you and give you a new quilt. Holding half a quilt, Xu Jiexiu tearfully sent the female Red Army one ride after another.

“半条被子”雕塑
"Half a Quilt" sculpture

江山就是人民，人民就是江山。“半条被子”的故事既充分彰显中国共产党性质和 宗旨的力量，也深刻说明中国共产党必须紧紧依靠人民来克服困难、赢得胜利。无论时代条件如何变 化，只要我们始终同人民群众风雨同舟、血肉相连、命运与共，充分调动广大人民的积极性、主动性、 创造性，我们的事业就会拥有不竭的力量源泉，就能无往而不胜。
The country is the people, and the people are the country. The story of "Half a Quilt" not only fully demonstrates the strength of the nature and purpose of the Communist Party of China, but also profoundly illustrates that the Communist Party of China must closely rely on the people to overcome difficulties and win victories. No matter how the conditions of the times change, as long as we always stand with the masses of the people through thick and thin, share flesh and blood, share a common destiny, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the broad masses of the people, our cause will have an inexhaustible source of strength and will be invincible.

断肠铭志精神
Breaking the spirit of inscription

1934年春夏，陈树湘接任中国工农红军第5军团34师师长，长征开始后，该师一直担任后卫任务，在突破敌人第四道封锁线的湘江战役中，他率部浴血奋战七天七夜，完成了掩护党中央、中革军委和主力红军强渡湘江的任务。
In the spring and summer of 1934, Chen Shuxiang took over as the commander of the 34th Division of the 5th Army Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

当红三十四师到达湘江东岸时，湘江已经被国民党的军队全部封锁， 无法渡江。红三十四师剩余部队奉中革军委之令，在师长陈树湘的带领下，只能从广西境内翻越都庞岭进入道县，伺机摆脱国民党的追兵，然后在湘南一带打游击，保存革命队伍。 然而，敌众我寡，红三十四师边退边战，沿着都庞岭山脚退入江华境内，又进入道县境内，损失惨重。红三十四师的指战员在湘南的崇山峻岭间几近消亡，少有幸存者。弹尽粮绝之时，师长陈树湘于道县四马桥境内受伤被俘。陈树湘生性刚烈，宁死不降，在石马神庙，他把手 伸进受伤的腹部，绞肠自尽，实现了他“为苏维埃中国流尽最后一滴血”的誓言。
When the Red 34th Division reached the east bank of the Xiang River, the Xiang River had been completely blocked by the Kuomintang troops and could not cross the river. Under the orders of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and under the leadership of division commander Chen Shuxiang, the remaining troops of the 34th Red Division could only cross the Dupangling from Guangxi and enter Daoxian, waiting for an opportunity to get rid of the pursuing troops of the Kuomintang, and then fight guerrillas in the southern Hunan area to preserve the revolutionary ranks. However, the enemy was outnumbered, and the Red 34th Division retreated and fought while retreating, retreating along the foot of Dupangling Mountain into the territory of Jianghua, and then entering the territory of Daoxian, suffering heavy losses. The commanders and fighters of the 34th Red Division almost died out among the lofty mountains and mountains of southern Shonan, and there were few survivors. When the ammunition ran out of food, the division commander Chen Shuxiang was wounded and captured in the territory of Sima Bridge in Dao County. At the Shima Temple, Chen Shuxiang put his hand into his wounded abdomen and committed suicide by strangulation, fulfilling his oath of "shedding the last drop of blood for Soviet China."

断肠铭志陈树湘
Broken intestine inscription Chen Shuxiang

陈树湘断肠铭志的英雄壮举，蕴含着丰富的思想内涵，反映了革命英雄主义精神， 体现着鲜明的时代特征，具有巨大的示范引领作用，是留给后代弥足珍贵的精神财富，是激励我们团结一心克服艰难险阻、实现中华民族伟大复兴的强大精神力量。
Chen Shuxiang's heroic feat contains rich ideological connotations, reflects the spirit of revolutionary heroism, embodies the distinctive characteristics of the times, has a tremendous exemplary and leading role, is a precious spiritual wealth left to future generations, and is a powerful spiritual force that inspires us to unite to overcome difficulties and obstacles and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

第四章 湖南红色遗址
Chapter 4 Red Ruins in Hunan

毛泽东故居
Mao Zedong's former residence

--- 伟人故里-韶山冲
--- Hometown of the great man - Shaoshan Chong

1893年12月26日，毛泽东诞生在韶山乡韶山村土地冲上屋场的一栋普通的农家房子里，并在此度过了童年和少年时代。这栋山冲农舍，就是毛泽东同志故居。
On December 26, 1893, Mao Zedong was born in an ordinary peasant house on the land of Shaoshan Village, Shaoshan Township, and spent his childhood and adolescence here. This Shanchong farmhouse is the former residence of Comrade Mao Zedong.

毛泽东同志故居
Former residence of Comrade Mao Zedong

毛泽东同志故居坐南朝北，系土木结构的“凹”字型建筑，韶山话管这种建筑结构叫“一担柴”。故居的前面是相毗邻的荷花塘和南岸塘，塘水清莹。毛泽东一生酷爱游泳，南岸塘就是他少时“习武练艺”的最好地方。1963年11月，郭沫若参观韶山时，曾指着这口塘感叹地说：“毛主席是少时游池塘，青年游湘江，老年游长江啊！”
The former residence of Comrade Mao Zedong sits in the south and faces north, and it is a "concave" shaped building of civil engineering structure. In front of the former residence is the adjacent lotus pond and the south bank pond, and the pond water is clear. Mao Zedong loved swimming all his life, and the South Bank Pond was the best place for him to "practice martial arts" when he was young. In November 1963, when Guo Moruo visited Shaoshan, he pointed to this pond and sighed: "Chairman Mao was a young man who swam in the pond, young people in the Xiangjiang River, and the elderly in the Yangtze River!" ”

毛泽东同志故居前的荷花塘
The lotus pond in front of the former residence of Comrade Mao Zedong

毛泽东8岁前大部分时间住在外婆家，回到家里，在这里生活、学习、劳作。从1911年到1927年，这期间尽管毛泽东在外求学和闹革命，但他从未和韶山中断联系，在他写给友人的信中时有描述。尤其是当革命遇到新问题之后，他总是回到家乡寻找答案，进行革命实践。1921年2月，毛泽东和小弟毛泽覃回韶山过春节，一家人围着坐在火塘边，毛泽东动员全家参加革命。
Mao Zedong lived most of his grandmother's house until he was 8 years old, and when he returned home, he lived, studied, and worked here. From 1911 to 1927, Mao Zedong never broke off contact with Shaoshan, despite his studies abroad and revolution, as he described in his letters to friends. Especially when the revolution encountered new problems, he always returned to his hometown to find answers and carry out revolutionary practice. In February 1921, Mao Zedong and his younger brother Mao Zetan returned to Shaoshan for the Spring Festival, and the family sat around the fire, and Mao Zedong mobilized the whole family to participate in the revolution.

1925年2月至8月，毛泽东和杨开慧带着儿子岸英、岸青回到韶山创办农民夜校，组织秘密农协。6月，在毛泽东卧室的阁楼上，创建中国最早的农村党支部之一——中共韶山特别支部。
From February to August 1925, Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui returned to Shaoshan with their sons Anying and Anqing to establish a peasant night school and organize a secret peasant cooperative. In June, in the attic of Mao Zedong's bedroom, one of China's earliest rural party branches, the Shaoshan Special Branch of the Communist Party of China, was founded.

1927年1月毛泽东回乡考察农民运动，在韶山长达6天。
In January 1927, Mao Zedong returned to his hometown to inspect the peasant movement and spent six days in Shaoshan.

1961年，中华人民共和国国务院公布毛泽东故居为全国重点文物保护单位。1997年7月，入选中宣部首批全国爱国主义教育基地。
In 1961, the State Council of the People's Republic of China announced that the former residence of Mao Zedong was a national key cultural relics protection unit. In July 1997, it was selected as one of the first national patriotic education bases of the Central Propaganda Department.

岳麓山红色教育基地
Yuelu Mountain Red Education Base

--- 一座岳麓山，半部近代史
--- A Yuelu Mountain, half of modern history

岳麓山除了有丰富的自然风景资源外，文化沉淀十分深厚，也是一个地点集中、规模大、保存好的抗日战争纪念地。岳麓山在抗日战争中发挥了巨大的作用，山中的一草一木目睹过长沙会战中中国军队惊天地、泣鬼神的壮烈一幕。
In addition to the abundant natural scenery resources, Yuelu Mountain has a very deep cultural precipitation, and it is also a memorial site of the Anti-Japanese War with a concentrated location, large scale and good preservation. Yuelu Mountain played a huge role in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and every grass and tree in the mountain witnessed the heroic scene of the Chinese army in the Battle of Changsha.

从20世纪三十年代始，岳麓山相继建成了岳王亭、忠烈祠、陆军第七十三军抗战阵亡将士公墓、陆军第十军三次长沙会战抗战阵亡将士纪念碑、长沙会战碑、阵亡将士名录石栏等。山中仍留有当时的战壕、弹坑和炮台，以及第九战区长官司令部等处遗址，并出土有枪支、子弹、钢笔、印章、电话筒等抗战遗物。麓山景区管理处曾于纪念抗日战争胜利60周年之际，完成了抗战史迹的全面修缮，以慰英灵。
Since the thirties of the 20th century, Yuelu Mountain has successively built the Yuewang Pavilion, the Martyrs' Shrine, the 73rd Army Anti-Japanese War Memorial Cemetery, the Tenth Army of the Third Changsha War of Resistance Memorial Monument, the Changsha Battle Monument, the list of fallen soldiers stone fence and so on. There are still trenches, craters and batteries in the mountains, as well as the headquarters of the commander of the Ninth Theater and other ruins, and guns, bullets, pens, seals, telephone microphones and other relics of the Anti-Japanese War have been unearthed. On the occasion of commemorating the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Management Office of the Lushan Scenic Area completed the comprehensive renovation of the historical sites of the Anti-Japanese War to comfort the souls of the heroes.

陆军第七十三军抗战阵亡将士公墓
The 73rd Army Anti-Japanese War Memorial Cemetery

长沙会战碑
Changsha Battle Monument

长沙岳麓山山上抗战阵地遗址是近代中国历史上的一个重要遗存，也是中华民族英勇抗击日寇入侵的重要见证。这里是第二次国共合作时期的中央革命根据地，也是抗日战争期间重要的阵地之一。如今，这里已成为红色旅游景点，吸引着无数爱国人士前来参观，缅怀先烈，深刻感受到那个时代的人民的英勇壮举。
The site of the Anti-Japanese War on Yuelu Mountain in Changsha is an important relic in modern Chinese history and an important witness of the Chinese nation's heroic resistance to the Japanese invasion. It was the central revolutionary base during the second period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and it was also one of the important positions during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Today, it has become a red tourist attraction, attracting countless patriots to visit, remember the martyrs, and deeply feel the heroic feats of the people of that era.

中国人民抗日战争胜利芷江受降旧址
The former site of the victory of the Chinese and the People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the surrender of Zhijiang

——八年烽火起卢沟,一纸降书落芷江
——Eight years of beacon fire in Lugou, a piece of paper fell to the Zhijiang River

中国人民抗日战争胜利受降旧址位于湖南省芷江侗族自治县芷江镇七里桥村，是中国人民接受侵华日军投降之地。
The site of the victory and surrender of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is located in Qiliqiao Village, Zhijiang Town, Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province, and is the place where the Chinese people accept the surrender of the invading Japanese army.

受降典礼会所
Surrender Ceremony Clubhouse

“八年烽火起卢沟,一纸降书落芷江”。1945年8月15日，日本政府宣布无条件投降，8月18日，中国政府在湖南芷江成立了日本投降签字典礼筹备处，8月21日，日本降使今井武夫代表日本政府飞抵芷江向中国政府无条件投降。8月21日至23日中国政府在芷江举行了震惊中外的中国战区受降典礼，办理了侵华日军投降具体条款，日本投降代表在此献交了侵华日军兵力分布图，接受了载有各战区日军投降详细规定的备忘录。中国战区受降全权代表何应钦在芷江指挥部署了全国16个受降区和101处缴械点的受降事宜，签发24份备忘录，史称“芷江受降”。“芷江受降”宣告了日本帝国主义灭亡中国的美梦彻底破产，写下了中国近现代史上洗雪百年国耻，抵御外敌入侵最光辉的一页。
"Eight years of beacon fire from Lugou, a piece of paper fell to the Zhijiang River." On August 15, 1945, the Japanese government announced its unconditional surrender, on August 18, the Chinese government set up a preparatory office for the Japanese surrender signing ceremony in Zhijiang, Hunan, and on August 21, the Japanese envoy Takeo Imai flew to Zhijiang on behalf of the Japanese government to surrender unconditionally to the Chinese government. From 21 to 23 August, the Chinese Government held a ceremony in Zhijiang to shock China and the rest of the world, and handled the specific terms of the surrender of the Japanese forces invading China. He Yingqin, the plenipotentiary representative of the Chinese Theater of Operations, commanded and deployed the surrender of 16 surrendered areas and 101 disarming points in Zhijiang, and issued 24 memoranda, which is known as the "surrender of Zhijiang" in history. The "surrender of Zhijiang" announced the complete bankruptcy of the Japanese imperialists' dream of destroying China, and wrote the most glorious page in China's modern history of washing away a century of national humiliation and resisting the invasion of foreign enemies.

抗日受降纪念坊
Memorial of the Anti-Japanese Surrender

为纪念“芷江受降”，1946年中国政府在中国战区受降地芷江动工修建受降纪念坊。1985年，芷江县人民政府报经湖南省人民政府批准重修开放。1995年扩建、新建纪念抗战胜利展览馆。受降纪念坊是中国人民抗日战争胜利的标志，主要包括抗日胜利受降纪念坊、中国战区受降旧址（中国战区受降典礼会场旧址、中国陆军总司令部旧址、何应钦办公室旧址）、受降专题史料陈列展馆、兵器陈列馆、受降亭等纪念性构筑物和少量辅助建筑物。
In order to commemorate the "surrender of Zhijiang", in 1946, the Chinese government started construction of a memorial square for the surrender of Zhijiang, the surrender site of the Chinese theater of war. In 1985, the People's Government of Zhijiang County reported to the Hunan Provincial People's Government for approval to rebuild and open to the public. In 1995, the exhibition hall to commemorate the victory of the Anti-Japanese War was expanded and built. The Memorial Square of the Surrender is a symbol of the victory of the Chinese in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, mainly including the Memorial Square of the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the former site of the surrender of the Chinese Theater (the former site of the Surrender Ceremony of the Chinese Theater, the former site of the General Headquarters of the Chinese Army, the former site of He Yingqin's office), the Exhibition Hall of Historical Materials on the Surrender, the Weapons Exhibition Hall, the Surrender Pavilion and other commemorative structures and a small number of auxiliary buildings.

受降纪念坊朝东而建寓意日本是从东方而来向我国投降。纪念坊是一座四柱三拱门的牌坊式建筑，青砖砌就，水泥粉刷，通体呈灰白色。纪念坊高11.52米，宽13.37米，厚1.4米。建筑主体线条刚毅平直，四根柱子顶端装饰有倒“山”状条纹，三个拱门顶部装饰有菱形条纹。建筑主体周围建有民国风格的护栏，波纹状起伏，呈圆形环绕主体周围。其四柱三拱门的造型看上去就像是中国汉字“流血牺牲”的“血”字，寓意中国人民取得抗日战争的全面胜利是3500万同胞用生命、用鲜血换来的。同时，它也是一座警示碑。对于全球尚未彻底消散的法西斯阴影，中国人民当时刻警惕，警钟长鸣！整体建筑风格庄重典雅，威严肃穆。
The surrender memorial is built facing east, implying that Japan came from the east and surrendered to our country. The memorial square is a four-pillar and three-arch archway-style building, built of blue bricks, stuccoed with cement, and the whole body is gray-white. The memorial is 11.52 meters high, 13.37 meters wide and 1.4 meters thick. The main body of the building is resolute and straight, with four pillars topped with inverted mountain-shaped stripes and three arches topped with diamond-shaped stripes. The main body of the building is surrounded by a guardrail in the style of the Republic of China, which is undulating in a corrugated shape and circularly around the main body. The shape of its four pillars and three arches looks like the Chinese character for "bloodshed" and sacrifice, implying that the comprehensive victory of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was won by 35 million compatriots with their lives and blood. At the same time, it is also a warning monument. For the shadow of fascism that has not completely dissipated in the world, the Chinese people should always be vigilant and sound the alarm bell! The overall architectural style is solemn and elegant, majestic and solemn.

受降纪念坊是华夏大地上唯一一座纪念抗战胜利的标志性建筑，以“中国凯旋门”而著称于世，是包括柏林、巴黎、罗马、米兰、平壤在内的全球六座凯旋门之一。这是中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争胜利的历史见证，是中华民族伟大不朽的历史丰碑。每年都百余万来自全球各地游客来此参观，缅怀历史。
The Surrender Memorial Square is the only landmark building in the land of China to commemorate the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and is known as the "Chinese Triumphal Arch", which is one of the six triumphal arches in the world, including Berlin, Paris, Rome, Milan and Pyongyang. This is a historical witness to the victory of the Chinese people's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and is a great and immortal historical monument of the Chinese nation. Every year, more than a million tourists from all over the world visit here to remember its history.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzUzOTE4NTkxMQ==&mid=2247603978&idx=1&sn=1a82091b37dd27b52b250fdd38564e72&chksm=facf5092cdb8d9844e1673d78421e836be4ca579ae388bc4fbda2bfcf22f6f818dc1df1f1fca&scene=27

平江起义纪念馆
Pingjiang Uprising Memorial Hall

--- 一声惊雷，助燃“星星之火”
--- A thunderclap fuels the "spark"

平江起义纪念馆位于湖南省平江县城关镇东兴大道，成立于1985年。由平江起义旧址、彭德怀铜像广场、史料陈列馆组成。总占地面积27000平方米，建筑面积8700平方米，展区面积2500平方米。是“全国重点文物保护单位”“全国爱国主义教育示范基地”和“青少年教育基地”。
The Pingjiang Uprising Memorial Hall is located in Dongxing Avenue, Chengguan Town, Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, and was established in 1985. It is composed of the former site of the Pingjiang Uprising, the bronze statue square of Peng Dehuai, and the historical exhibition hall. The total area is 27,000 square meters, with a construction area of 8,700 square meters and an exhibition area of 2,500 square meters. It is a "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit", "National Patriotism Education Demonstration Base" and "Youth Education Base".

平江起义纪念馆
Pingjiang Uprising Memorial Hall

1928年6月，国民党当局为了镇压平江人民的革命斗争，增派湖南陆军第五师驻防平江。担任一团团长的彭德怀以无产阶级革命家的伟大胆略和无私无畏的革命精神，与滕代远、黄公略等共产党人一起于1928年7月22日在天岳书院（平江起义旧址）组织发动了著名的平江起义。这是继南昌起义、秋收起义和广州起义之后，我党领导的又一次著名的武装起义，成立平江县工农兵苏维埃政府，建立了工农红军第五军，开辟了湘鄂赣革命根据地。1930年7月22日，彭德怀率领红三军团在天岳书院操场发动和指挥20余万红军、赤卫军誓师攻打长沙。1945年王震、王首道率领八路军“三五九”旅南下到达平江，其司令部亦驻扎天岳书院，期间，恢复了中共平江县委，建立了平江县抗日民主政府。1949年7月国共两党谈判代表首次在天岳书院接头，为湖南的和平解放打下了基础。
In June 1928, in order to suppress the revolutionary struggle of the people of Pingjiang, the Kuomintang authorities sent the Fifth Division of the Hunan Army to garrison Pingjiang. Peng Dehuai, who served as the head of the First Regiment, with the great courage of a proletarian revolutionary and the selfless and fearless revolutionary spirit, together with Teng Daiyuan, Huang Gongluo and other communists, organized and launched the famous Pingjiang Uprising at Tianyue Academy (the former site of the Pingjiang Uprising) on July 22, 1928. Following the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and the Guangzhou Uprising, this was another famous armed uprising led by our party, which established the Pingjiang County Workers' Peasants' and Soldiers' Soviet Government, established the Fifth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and opened up the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base Area. On July 22, 1930, Peng Dehuai led the Red Third Army to launch and command more than 200,000 Red Army and Red Guards to attack Changsha in the playground of Tianyue Academy. In 1945, Wang Zhen and Wang Shoudao led the "359" Brigade of the Eighth Route Army to the south to reach Pingjiang, and its headquarters was also stationed in Tianyue Academy. In July 1949, the negotiators of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party met for the first time at Tianyue Academy, laying the foundation for the peaceful liberation of Hunan.

平江起义歌
Pingjiang Uprising Song

平江起义对于中国革命的发展具有重要的意义，它推动了革命形势的发展，加强了共产党在人民群众中的影响力和号召力。
The Pingjiang Uprising was of great significance to the development of the Chinese revolution, as it promoted the development of the revolutionary situation and strengthened the influence and appeal of the Communist Party among the masses.

衡阳抗战纪念城
Hengyang Anti-Japanese War Memorial City

——中国唯一的“抗战纪念城”
——China's only "Anti-Japanese War Memorial City"

1944年8月8日，曾经繁华的衡阳城北门插上了令人作呕的日本太阳旗，一支军队垂头丧气的进入了衡阳城。他们穿着破烂，个个饿的面黄肌瘦，如果不是他们手里抬着一杆三八大盖，可能会被误认为乞丐。这支军队不是别人，而是当时已经在中华大地横行七年之久的日本军队.....
On August 8, 1944, the disgusting Japanese sun flag was planted at the north gate of the once prosperous Hengyang City, and an army entered Hengyang City in despair. They were dressed in tatters, all of them were hungry and yellow-skinned, and if it weren't for the fact that they were carrying a 38 big cover in their hands, they might have been mistaken for beggars. This army was none other than the Japanese army, which had been rampant in China for seven years.....

这七年里，他们几乎每年都会拿下中国无数城镇，最短的甚至一天时间都不到就能攻占，这让骄横的日本人打心里看不起中国人。而偏偏有一座城市，他们打了整整四十七天，他们攻占座城市的时候，没有举行狂欢，战后他们自己都承认这座城市他们是哭着进去的。
In the past seven years, they have taken countless cities and towns in China almost every year, and they can capture them in less than a day, which makes the arrogant Japanese look down on the Chinese in their hearts. But there was a city where they fought for forty-seven days, and when they captured a city, they did not hold a revelry, and after the war they themselves admitted that they entered the city crying.

衡阳抗战纪念城
Hengyang Anti-Japanese War Memorial City

衡阳地处粤汉铁路和湘桂黔铁路的交会点，是中国西南的门户和军事咽喉。1944年6月18日，经过几次大会战之后的长沙陷
Hengyang is located at the intersection of the Guangdong-Hanzhou Railway and the Hunan-Guizhou-Guizhou Railway, and is the gateway and military throat of southwest China. On June 18, 1944, Changsha fell after several general battles

落，日寇铁蹄直指衡阳。6月23日，日本调集了10多万兵力对衡阳大举进攻，衡阳守军奋起反击。衡阳会战历时47天，共打死日军约2万人，伤近6万人，打破了日本大本营原计划7天之内打通湘桂线直抵滇缅的美梦。我方守军牺牲1万6千余众，最后仅存1200余人。衡阳人民为抢挖工事，运送弹药，就牺牲了3174人，衡阳几乎夷为平地。
Falling, the iron hooves of the Japanese invaders pointed directly at Hengyang. On June 23, Japan mobilized more than 100,000 troops to attack Hengyang, and the defenders of Hengyang fought back. The Battle of Hengyang lasted 47 days, killing about 20,000 Japanese soldiers and wounding nearly 60,000, breaking the original plan of the Japanese base camp to open the Hunan and Guizhou lines to Yunnan and Burma within 7 days. Our defenders lost more than 16,000 people, and in the end only more than 1,200 remained. The people of Hengyang sacrificed 3,174 people to dig fortifications and transport ammunition, and Hengyang was almost razed to the ground.

衡阳会战，中国以少胜多的战役
The Battle of Hengyang, a battle in which China won more with less

衡阳会战是中国抗战史上敌我双方伤亡最多、中国军队正面交战时间最长的城市攻防战。日军惨胜，国军以少战多重创日本军。鉴于衡阳抗战的悲壮，国民政府正式命名衡阳市为“衡阳抗战纪念城”，衡阳自此成为中国唯一命名的抗战纪念城。纪念城主要由衡阳抗战纪念城碑、纪念堂、抗战牌坊、记功亭、忠勇亭、和平钟、抗日文化墙、衡阳保卫战铜铸群雕像等纪念设施组成。
The Battle of Hengyang was an urban offensive and defensive battle with the largest casualties on both sides and the longest head-to-head battle between the Chinese army in the history of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The Japanese army won a crushing victory, and the national army inflicted multiple losses on the Japanese army with fewer battles. In view of the tragedy of the Anti-Japanese War in Hengyang, the Nationalist Government officially named Hengyang City as the "Hengyang Anti-Japanese War Memorial City", and Hengyang has since become the only named Anti-Japanese War Memorial City in China. The memorial city is mainly composed of commemorative facilities such as the monument of the Hengyang Anti-Japanese War, the memorial hall, the memorial arch of the Anti-Japanese War, the Pavilion, the Loyal and Brave Pavilion, the Peace Bell, the Anti-Japanese Cultural Wall, and the bronze statue of the Hengyang Defense War.

通道转兵
Passage to transfer troops

—— 红军走出口袋阵
- The Red Army came out of the pockets

通道县位于湖南省西南边陲，怀化市最南端，湘、桂、黔三省区交界处，素有“南楚极地、百越襟喉”之称。1934年12月12日，红军长征在湖南期间，中共中央负责人紧急召开通道会议，作出“通道转兵”的决策，于万分危急关头挽救了党，挽救了红军，挽救了中国革命。
Tongdao County is located in the southwest border of Hunan Province, the southernmost tip of Huaihua City, at the junction of Hunan, Guizhou and Guizhou provinces. On December 12, 1934, during the Red Army's Long March in Hunan, the responsible person of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China urgently convened a meeting on the passage and made the decision to "transfer the passage to the army", which saved the party, the Red Army and the Chinese revolution at a critical juncture.

通道转兵纪念馆
Passage to the Memorial Hall of the Soldiers

湘江战役后，1934年12月9日，中央红军兵分三路进入通道。
After the Battle of Xiangjiang, on December 9, 1934, the Central Red Army soldiers entered the passage in three ways.

1934年12月10日，中央红军一军团二师一部与国民党军在距通道县城1.5公里的龙尾巴发生战斗，敌军败退北窜，红军主力进占通道县城。
On December 10, 1934, the 1st Division of the 1st Army of the Central Red Army and the 1st Division of the Central Red Army fought with the Kuomintang Army at Longwei, which was 1.5 kilometers away from the county seat of the passage.

1934年12月12日，中共中央负责人在恭城书院召开紧急会议，史称“通道会议”。会议采纳了毛泽东的正确主张，放弃原定北上湘西与红二、六军团会合的计划，改为转兵西进贵州，成功粉碎了蒋介石在通道县城以北的武冈、绥宁、靖县、会同、芷江、黔阳一带布下的“大口袋”。
On December 12, 1934, the head of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting at Gongcheng Academy, known as the "Passage Conference". The meeting adopted Mao Zedong's correct proposition, abandoned the original plan of going north to Xiangxi to join the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps, and instead transferred troops to the west to Guizhou, successfully smashing the "big pockets" laid by Chiang Kai-shek in the areas of Wugang, Suining, Jingxian, Huitong, Zhijiang, and Qianyang north of the county seat.

通道会议会议厅旧址
Passage to the former site of the conference hall

通道转兵纪念馆位于恭城书院旁，由主题陈列馆、大型雕像、纪念广场和红军长征通道会议旧址恭城书院四部分组成。馆内用300多幅照片，370多件文物和大量文字、图表展示了通道会议及其促成的通道转兵历史史实，以及三路红军过通道时发生的鲜为人知的人和事。
The Memorial Hall of the Passage to the Soldiers is located next to the Gongcheng Academy, which consists of four parts: the theme exhibition hall, the large statue, the memorial square and the Gongcheng Academy, the former site of the Red Army's Long March Passage Conference. The museum uses more than 300 photos, more than 370 cultural relics and a large number of texts and charts to show the historical facts of the passage meeting and the transfer of troops through the passage, as well as the little-known people and events that happened when the Red Army crossed the passage.

红军进入通道后，纪律严明，秋毫无犯，深受老百姓爱戴。当地老乡梁老得知红军到处找石碓舂米，就动员他家的五姑嫂给红军舂米。她们一连舂了五天五夜，那几天梁老家简直成了粮食供应站，红军这一批送谷子来，那一批领白米去，络绎不绝。
After the Red Army entered the passage, it was strictly disciplined, and the autumn did not commit any crimes, and it was deeply loved by the common people. Liang Lao, a local villager, learned that the Red Army was looking for Shi Ji rice everywhere, so he mobilized his fifth sister-in-law to give the Red Army rice. They worked for five days and five nights in a row, and in those days, Liang's hometown became a food supply station, and the Red Army sent millet and rice, and there was an endless stream.

1935年9月15日，红六军团前卫十八师与国民党湘军55旅在通道杉木桥小水发生一场战斗，为了掩护红军主力突围，20多位红军战士英勇献身，最后剩下的8名红军战士，在弹尽粮绝后仍然坚守阵地，为了不被敌人俘虏，8名战士集体跳下悬崖，全部壮烈牺牲。
On September 15, 1935, the 18th Avant-garde Division of the Red Sixth Army and the 55th Brigade of the Kuomintang Hunan Army had a battle in Xiaoshui, Shanmu Bridge, in order to cover the breakthrough of the main force of the Red Army, more than 20 Red Army soldiers bravely sacrificed, and the last remaining 8 Red Army soldiers still held their positions after running out of ammunition and food, in order not to be captured by the enemy, 8 soldiers collectively jumped off the cliff, all died heroically.

小水战斗八烈士雕像
Statue of the Eight Martyrs of the Battle of Little Water

通道转兵，是通道的精神财富，也是长征路上留给世人的现实启迪。通道转兵所体现的那种实事求是的淳朴作风，成为在通道这片土地上代代相传、坚守的宝贵财富。
The transfer of troops through the channel is the spiritual wealth of the channel, and it is also the practical inspiration left to the world on the Long March. The simple style of seeking truth from facts embodied in the transfer of troops through the passage has become a valuable wealth that has been passed down from generation to generation in the land of the channel.

http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-09/26/c_129298848.htm

南岳忠烈祠
Nanyue Martyrs' Shrine

——衡山有幸埋忠骨，百万烈士魂归处
——Hengshan is fortunate to bury the bones of the faithful, and the souls of millions of martyrs return

忠烈祠，坐落在南岳衡山香炉峰下，于1938年筹建，1943年正式落成，占地面积230余亩，是我国建筑时间最早、规模最大的抗日战争纪念地之一，也是抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争的重要纪念地之一。中华民族阵亡将士的总神位就设立于此。也是国民政府在大陆唯一一处保留下来的纪念抗战烈士的大型陵园。
The Martyrs' Shrine, located at the foot of the incense burner peak of Hengshan in Nanyue, was built in 1938 and officially completed in 1943, covering an area of more than 230 acres, it is one of the earliest and largest memorial sites of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China, and it is also one of the important memorial sites of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. The general shrine of the fallen soldiers of the Chinese nation was set up here. It is also the only large-scale cemetery preserved by the National Government in the mainland to commemorate the martyrs of the Anti-Japanese War.

南岳忠烈祠
Nanyue Martyrs' Shrine

南岳忠烈祠由祠宇和墓地两大部分组成，其建筑仿南京中山陵形式建造，故有“小中山陵”之称。祠宇中轴线上的牌坊、七七纪念塔、纪念堂、安亭战役纪念碑和享堂五大建筑依山而建，气势宏伟；两侧翠柏整齐耸立，像是列队的士兵在烟雨中为英烈们站岗放哨；五颗象征着汉、蒙、满、回、藏等各族人民同仇敌忾、奋起御敌的“炮弹”直指苍穹，象征着汉族、满族、蒙族、回族、藏族各族人民团结一心，同仇敌忾，奋起抗战的决心；276级台阶一路铺上，象征着当时抗日中牺牲的276名中高级将领；两侧的苍松翠柏中，掩隐着19座烈士墓葬。这里铭刻着中华民族抵御侵略、奋勇抗争的历史以及中国人民在世界反法西斯战争中作出的巨大牺牲和不可磨灭的历史贡献，是中华民族团结御侮、共赴国难的象征，是凝聚两岸情感、促进国家统一的重要纽带和桥梁。
The Nanyue Martyrs' Shrine is composed of two major parts, the ancestral hall and the cemetery, and its building imitates the form of Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, so it is called "Little Zhongshan Mausoleum". The archway, the 77 Memorial Tower, the Memorial Hall, the Anting Battle Monument and the Xiangtang on the central axis of the ancestral hall are built on the mountain, and the momentum is magnificent; The cypresses on both sides stand neatly, like soldiers standing guard for the martyrs in the smoke and rain; The five "cannonballs" symbolizing the Han, Mongolian, Manchu, Hui, Tibetan and other ethnic groups are united and rising up to resist the enemy, pointing directly at the sky, symbolizing the determination of the Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan ethnic groups to unite as one, hate the same enemy, and rise up to resist the war; The 276 steps are paved all the way, symbolizing the 276 middle and senior generals who died in the anti-Japanese resistance at that time; Among the pines and cypresses on both sides, there are 19 martyrs' tombs. It is engraved with the history of the Chinese nation's resistance to aggression and courageous struggle, as well as the tremendous sacrifices and indelible historical contributions made by the Chinese people in the world anti-fascist war; it is a symbol of the Chinese nation's unity to resist humiliation and go to national difficulties together; and it is an important link and bridge to unite cross-strait feelings and promote national reunification.

享堂

1927年，毛泽东考察湖南农民运动时曾说：“中国有五岳，首先点燃革命火焰的是南岳衡山。要让南岳衡山的革命烽火向其他几岳蔓延，让革命风暴席卷全中国。”陈列馆通过实物、图片、视频，运用互动场景、多媒体等多种形式，全面展示了建党百年以来南岳人民在中国共产党的领导下所发生的重大历史事件，特别是毛泽东、周恩来、叶剑英等老一辈无产阶级革命家及大批革命先辈，在南岳这块红色热土上创下的丰功伟绩。也是抗战时期国共合作、共御外侮的见证之地。
In 1927, when Mao Zedong inspected the peasant movement in Hunan, he said: "There are five mountains in China, and the first to ignite the flame of revolution is Nanyue Hengshan." It is necessary to let the revolutionary beacon fire in Nanyue Hengshan spread to other mountains, and let the revolutionary storm sweep across the whole of China. Through physical objects, pictures, videos, interactive scenes, multimedia and other forms, the exhibition hall comprehensively displays the major historical events that have occurred under the leadership of the Communist Party of China since the founding of the party in the past hundred years, especially the great achievements made by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation and a large number of revolutionary ancestors in the red hot land of Nanyue. It is also a place of witness to the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the joint defense against foreign aggression during the Anti-Japanese War.

https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1781639836564667562&wfr=spider&for=pc