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在乌克兰使用西方提供的远程导弹袭击俄罗斯领土几天后，第聂伯罗市遭到了这次袭击。照片：Come Back Alive/AFP/Getty; Vyacheslav ProkofyevCome Back Alive / 法新社 / 盖蒂；Vyacheslav Prokofyev / 美联社
Russian President Vladimir Putin warned the West against further escalation after Moscow fired an intermediate-range ballistic missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads at Ukraine for the first time.
俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔 - 普京在莫斯科首次向乌克兰发射一枚可携带核弹头的中程弹道导弹后警告西方不要进一步升级。
On Thursday, Putin said Russia had used a new type of missile, called Oreshnik, to strike a major Ukrainian defense plant. The missile, which carried a conventional, nonnuclear warhead, appeared to have greater range and speed than previous weapons Russia has used in the war, weapons experts said.
周四，普京表示，俄罗斯使用了一种名为 "奥列什尼克" 的新型导弹来打击乌克兰的一个主要国防工厂。武器专家说，这种导弹携带常规、非核弹头，似乎比俄罗斯以前在战争中使用的武器射程更远、速度更快。
Putin, speaking on Russian television, said the country had the right to use its weapons on other nations that allow their weapons to be used against Russia. Moscow had warned of a response to Ukrainian strikes against its territory using long-range Western arms this week, including U.S.-made ATACMS and British-supplied Storm Shadow missiles.
普京在俄罗斯电视台发表讲话时说，俄罗斯有权对允许其武器被用来对付俄罗斯的其他国家使用武器。莫斯科曾警告说，本周将使用西方的远程武器（包括美国制造的 ATACMS 和英国提供的 "风暴阴影" 导弹）来应对乌克兰对其领土的袭击。
“If anyone doubts that we’re ready for any development, then they’re mistaken,” Putin said.
"普京说：" 如果有人怀疑我们已经做好了任何发展的准备，那他们就错了。
In Washington, U.S. officials called the missile a new intermediate-range experimental model, one that was fired by Moscow as part of its continuing effort to deter the West from helping Ukraine.
在华盛顿，美国官员称这枚导弹是一种新型中程实验型号，是莫斯科发射的，作为其阻止西方帮助乌克兰的持续努力的一部分。
“This is signaling,” said a senior administration official, who added that Moscow has few of the new type of missiles in its arsenal. “This is not something that is particularly jarring. Everyone knows that Russia has longer range missile systems.”
一位高级政府官员说："这是一种信号，" 他补充说，莫斯科的武器库中几乎没有这种新型导弹。" 这不是什么特别令人震惊的事情。大家都知道俄罗斯拥有射程更远的导弹系统。
《乌克兰不顾莫斯科的报复威胁，首次在俄罗斯境内发射美国远程导弹。华尔街日报》记者阿利斯泰尔 - 麦克唐纳（Alistair MacDonald）解释了克里姆林宫为何认为这是一次重大升级。照片：约翰 - 汉密尔顿 / 法新社约翰 - 汉密尔顿 / 法新社 / 盖蒂图片社
The Russian government notified the U.S. of the missile firing in advance, U.S. officials said. A U.S. and Russian agreement that entered into force in 1988 calls on the two sides to notify each other of long-range ballistic missile launches. A separate multinational accord also calls for notification of ballistic missile launches.
美国官员说，俄罗斯政府提前向美国通报了导弹发射情况。1988 年生效的美俄协议要求双方在发射远程弹道导弹时相互通报。另一项多国协议也要求通报弹道导弹发射情况。
“The United States was pre-notified briefly before the launch through nuclear risk reduction channels,” a U.S. official said, referring to the system established for communicating such notifications. The Kremlin said it notified the U.S. 30 minutes before the missile was launched, according to the Russian state news agency TASS.
一名美国官员说："在发射前通过核风险降低渠道向美国发出了简短的预先通知，" 他指的是为传达此类通知而创建的系统。据俄罗斯国家通讯社塔斯社报道，克里姆林宫称在导弹发射前 30 分钟通知了美国。
Stepped-up fighting in Ukraine is prompting criticism from the team around President-elect Donald Trump that the Biden administration is stoking problems with the Kremlin in its waning days in office. John Ullyot, a former National Security Council spokesman during Trump’s last presidency, said Wednesday that President Biden is pushing the U.S. to the brink of war with Russia by arming Ukraine with long-range missiles and antipersonnel mines.
乌克兰战事的升级引发了当选总统唐纳德 - 特朗普团队的批评，称拜登政府在其任期的最后几天里正在挑起与克里姆林宫的问题。特朗普上届总统任期内的前国家安全委员会发言人约翰 - 乌尔约特（John Ullyot）周三表示，拜登总统通过向乌克兰提供远程导弹和杀伤人员地雷武装，正在将美国推向与俄罗斯开战的边缘。
“We’ve got two months going in this administration,” said Ullyot. “President Trump has said he is going to ramp this war down. Why are we provoking the Russians and then having a tit-for-tat?”
"乌尔约特说：" 本届政府任期还有两个月。" 特朗普总统说过，他将把这场战争推向低潮。我们为什么要挑衅俄罗斯，然后针锋相对？
While U.S. officials didn’t provide details of the new system, military analysts said that it might be a modified version of the RS-26, which has been test flown just above 5,500 kilometers, which is the technical definition of an intercontinental ballistic missile.
虽然美国官员没有提供新系统的详细资料，但军事分析家说，它可能是 RS-26 的改进型，RS-26 已经在 5500 公里以上试飞过，这是洲际弹道导弹的技术定义。
Ukraine used the Army Tactical Missile System, known as ATACMS, for the first time earlier this week to strike an ammunition storage facility in Russia’s Bryansk region. Ukraine fired 10 Storm Shadow missiles for the first time on Wednesday, striking in the Kursk region. A senior North Korean general was injured in a Ukrainian strike on the Kursk region, a Western official said Thursday.
本周早些时候，乌克兰首次使用陆军战术导弹系统（ATACMS）袭击了俄罗斯布良斯克州的一个弹药库。乌克兰周三首次发射了 10 枚 "风暴阴影" 导弹，袭击了库尔斯克地区。一名西方官员周四表示，一名朝鲜高级将领在乌克兰对库尔斯克地区的袭击中受伤。
俄罗斯导弹袭击了乌克兰第聂伯罗市。照片：Mykola Synelnykov / 路透社。
On Tuesday, Putin signed changes to Russia’s nuclear doctrine that lowered the threshold for a nuclear strike, in a long-anticipated move that appeared timed to send a warning to the West over providing long-range missiles to Ukraine.
周二，普京签署了对俄罗斯核理论的修改，降低了核打击的门槛，这一期待已久的举动似乎是为了就向乌克兰提供远程导弹一事向西方发出警告。
Video posted online from Ukraine early on Thursday morning appeared to show multiple warheads striking targets in quick succession and in proximity to each other, something analysts say is characteristic of an intercontinental- or intermediate-range missile. The video was verified by Storyful, which is owned by News Corp, the parent company of The Wall Street Journal.
周四清晨从乌克兰发布在网上的视频显示，多枚弹头接连快速地击中目标，而且彼此距离很近，分析人士称这是洲际导弹或中程导弹的特征。该视频由《华尔街日报》母公司新闻集团（News Corp）旗下的 Storyful 验证。
Both intermediate-range and intercontinental-range missiles can carry several warheads called Multiple Independently-Targetable Re-entry Vehicles, known as MIRVs, capable of striking various targets independently to limit the number of launches needed to cause maximum damage.
中程导弹和洲际导弹都可以携带多个弹头，称为 "多目标独立再入飞行器"（MIRV），能够独立打击不同目标，以限制造成最大破坏所需的发射次数。
Thursday’s launch came as part of a Russian barrage that included almost a dozen ballistic and cruise missiles. Kyiv said it shot down six of the missiles. Ukrainian authorities said two people were wounded and several buildings, including an industrial facility, were damaged in Dnipro, a city of nearly one million people in eastern Ukraine.
周四的发射是俄罗斯近十枚弹道导弹和巡航导弹攻击的一部分。基辅称击落了其中六枚导弹。乌克兰当局说，在乌克兰东部拥有近一百万人口的城市第聂伯罗，有两人受伤，包括一座工业设施在内的几座建筑受损。
“Obviously, Putin is using Ukraine as a testing ground,” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said in a video address on Thursday. “Obviously, Putin is terrified when normal life simply exists next to him.”
"乌克兰总统沃洛德梅尔 - 泽连斯基（Volodymyr Zelensky）周四在一次视频讲话中说：" 显然，普京正在把乌克兰当作试验场。"显然，当正常生活就在他身边时，普京会感到恐惧"。
Use of intermediate- or intercontinental-range missiles against Ukraine makes little sense militarily at this stage of the war, defense experts said. The weapons have ranges of thousands of miles, significantly exceeding the distance required to strike Dnipro. Built to deliver nuclear warheads that are designed to destroy a vast area, they are less precise and far more expensive than other ballistic missiles Russia has previously used against Ukraine.
国防专家说，在战争的现阶段，对乌克兰使用中程或洲际导弹在军事上毫无意义。这些武器的射程达数千英里，大大超过了打击第聂伯罗所需的距离。与俄罗斯以前对乌克兰使用的其他弹道导弹相比，中程和洲际导弹的精确度较低，成本也高得多。
“The signal is directed against Europe,” said Pavel Podvig, a Russian expert on nuclear weapons at the U.N.’s Institute for Disarmament Research. “These are missiles that could reach targets inside Europe.”
"联合国裁军研究所的俄罗斯核武器专家帕维尔 - 波德维格说：" 信号是针对欧洲的。"这些导弹可以到达欧洲境内的目标"。
1994 年的一张照片显示了在 Yuzhmash 工厂组装的火箭照片：Antoine GYORI/Sygma/ 盖蒂图片社
Thursday’s strike appeared to be targeted at the Yuzhmash plant, which is officially called Pivdenmash. The Dnipro facility is a famed rocket engine construction plant that the U.S.S.R. used to revive its defense industry in the 1950s. A hub for the Soviet ballistic-missile industry for decades, it was considered so strategic that the entire surrounding city was closed to foreigners. The plant came under the control of the independent Ukrainian state after 1991.
周四的袭击似乎是针对尤日马什工厂的，该工厂的正式名称是 Pivdenmash。第聂伯河工厂是著名的火箭发动机制造厂，苏联在 20 世纪 50 年代曾用它来振兴国防工业。几十年来，该厂一直是苏联弹道导弹工业的中心，被视为战略要地，以至于整个城市都禁止外国人进入。1991 年后，该工厂由独立的乌克兰国家控制。
Kyiv didn’t confirm that the Yuzhmash plant was hit, but an unusual exchange at a Russian Foreign Ministry briefing on Thursday appeared to indicate it was a target.
基辅没有证实尤日马什工厂被击中，但在周四的俄罗斯外交部简报会上，一段不寻常的交流似乎表明它是一个目标。
During the briefing, Russia’s Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova was interrupted by a phone call. The caller, whose voice was picked up by her microphone, asked her not to comment on the ballistic missile attack on Yuzhmash.
在发布会上，俄罗斯外交部发言人玛丽亚 - 扎哈罗娃（Maria Zakharova）被一个电话打断。电话那头的声音被她的麦克风捕捉到，要求她不要就弹道导弹袭击尤日马什一事发表评论。
After Zakharova warned that she was in the middle of a public briefing, the caller said, “The attack on Yuzhmash with ballistic rockets—we’re not commenting at all.” Zakharova responded: “Yes, OK, thanks.”
在扎哈罗娃警告说她正在进行公开通报后，来电者说："用弹道火箭攻击尤日马什 -- 我们对此不发表任何评论"。扎哈洛娃回答："是的，好的，谢谢"。
Michael R. Gordon in Washington contributed to this article.
迈克尔 - R - 戈登（Michael R. Gordon）在华盛顿对本文有报道贡献。
Write to Matthew Luxmoore at matthew.luxmoore@wsj.com
请致信 Matthew Luxmoore，matthew.luxmoore@wsj.com
The War in Ukraine 乌克兰战争
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Appeared in the November 22, 2024, print edition as 'Russia Fires New Missile at Ukraine'.
出现在 2024 年 11 月 22 日印刷版上的标题是 "俄罗斯向乌克兰发射新型导弹"。