Lecture 8
第 8 講
German Supply Chain Act
德國供應鏈法案
Enacted in 2021, effective January 1, 2023. Aims to protect rights within global supply chains for goods/services in Germany.
於 2021 年頒布,於 2023 年 1 月 1 日生效。旨在保護德國商品/服務的全球供應鏈中的權利。
Key Provisions
主要條款
Framework for corporate due diligence 企業盡職調查 on ethical practices
企業盡職調查框架 (Framework for corporate due diligence) 道德實踐
Requires action against reliable reports of human rights violations 侵犯人權 (e.g., child labor, exploitation)
要求對侵犯人權行為(例如,童工、剝削)的可靠報告採取行動
Focus on ESG Compliance 遵守/符合
專注於ESG合規性遵守/符合
Stricter regulations 規定 increase pressure on companies to invest in ESG programs
更嚴格的法規 規定增加公司投資 ESG 計劃的壓力
Compliance not only for legality 合法性but to gain competitive advantage
遵守不僅是為了合法性、合法性,而且是為了獲得競爭優勢
Global Implications
全球影響
Similar regulations emerging worldwide (e.g., UK Modern Slavery Act, SEC requirements in the US)
全球範圍內出現類似的法規(例如,英國《現代奴隸制法案》、美國的 SEC 要求)
Shift towards enhanced corporate accountability and transparency
向增強企業問責制和透明度轉變
Benefits of Compliance
合規性的好處
Companies prioritizing ESG are likely to attract conscious consumers
優先考慮ESG的公司可能會吸引有意識的消費者
Long-term loyalty and trust from customers and investors
來自客戶和投資者的長期忠誠度和信任
Supply Chain Network: Procurement and Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Network:採購和供應鏈管理
Acts as a bridge between external suppliers & internal operations of an organization. Responsible for ensuring necessary inputs for the transformation process.
作為外部供應商和組織內部運營之間的橋樑。負責確保轉型過程的必要投入。
Role of Procurement in Resilience
採購在彈性中的作用
Integral to enterprise risk management, enhancing supply chain resilience 彈性.
是企業風險管理不可或缺的一部分,增強供應鏈彈性彈性。
Strategies include flexible contingency planning and proactive forecasting
策略包括靈活的應急計劃和主動預測
Consequences of Disruptions
中斷的後果
Disruptions in upstream procurement can severely impact sales, brand image, and financial stability.
上游採購的中斷會嚴重影響銷售、品牌形象和財務穩定。
Recent events (e.g., COVID-19) emphasize the need for proactive procurement strategies.
最近的事件(例如 COVID-19)強調了積極採購策略的必要性。
Supply Chain Segmentation
供應鏈細分
Upstream Supply Chain: Involves interactions with suppliers for inputs (e.g., raw materials, components).
上游供應鏈:涉及與供應商的互動以獲取輸入(例如,原材料、元件)。
Downstream Supply Chain: Focuses on distribution of products/services to customers.
下游供應鏈:專注於向客戶分銷產品/服務。
Tier structure (Supplier tiering):
層級結構(供應商分層):
Tier 1: Direct suppliers.
第 1 層:直接供應商。
Tier 2: Suppliers to Tier 1.
第 2 層:第 1 層的供應商。
Tier 3: Suppliers to Tier 2.
第3層:第2層的供應商。
Globalization Impact
全球化影響
Increased outsourcing has led to more complex supply chains.
外包的增加導致了更複雜的供應鏈。
Greater vulnerability to disruptions and risks due to multiple supply chain layers.
由於多個供應鏈層,更容易受到中斷和風險的影響。
Evolution of Procurement 採購
採購採購的演變
Transitioned from a focus on purchasing to a key value-adding function.
從專注於採購轉變為關鍵的增值功能。
Aligns with Porter’s value chain model to enhance product/service value.
與 Porter 的價值鏈模型保持一致,以提高產品/服務價值。