Unit 1
单元 1
Moral virtues hold a central position in Confucianism, and are considered the basic principles of human behavior and the foundation for a just and harmonious society. The Five Constant Virtues, also known as the Five Constants or Wuchang, advocated by Confucianism, are ren, yi, li, zhi, and xin.
道德美德在儒家思想中占有核心地位，被认为是人类行为的基本原则，也是公正和谐社会的基础。五常德，也称为五常或武昌，由儒家倡导，是任、义、理、智和辛。
Ren, or benevolence, is the most important virtue treasured by Confucianism. It means showing genuine concern and being kind and caring toward others. According to Confucius, if we all practice ren, we could have a peaceful and happy society.
任，或仁，是儒家思想所珍视的最重要的美德 。这意味着表现出真诚的关心、善良和关心他人。根据孔子的说法，如果我们都修行 任，我们就能拥有一个和平幸福的社会。
Yi, or righteousness, is also regarded as an important virtue in Confucian thought. It emphasizes the pursuit of justice and moral integrity. According to Confucius, righteousness is essential for achieving personal goodness, as well as maintaining social fairness and justice.
义，或义，在儒家思想中也被视为一种重要的美德。它强调对正义和道德诚信的追求。根据孔子的说法，正义对于实现个人善良以及维护社会公平正义至关重要。
Li, or propriety, is the third important virtue encouraged by Confucianism. It is about proper conduct and behavior in different social settings. In Confucian ethics, if we are polite and observe proper etiquette toward others, we can build relationships of mutual respect and trust.
礼，或称礼，是儒家思想鼓励的第三种重要美德。它是关于在不同社交环境中的正确行为和行为。在儒家道德中，如果我们有礼貌并遵守对他人的适当礼仪，我们就可以建立相互尊重和信任的关系。
Zhi, or wisdom, is the fourth essential virtue of Confucianism. It highlights the importance of knowledge, learning, and critical thinking. In Confucianism, the pursuit of wisdom and education plays a key role in achieving personal growth and social advancement.
智，或智慧，是儒家思想的第四个基本美德。它强调了知识、学习和批判性思维的重要性。在儒家思想中，追求智慧和教育对实现个人成长和社会进步起着关键作用。
Xin, or faithfulness, is also an essential virtue promoted by Confucianism. It involves being loyal, honest, and trustworthy in all aspects of life. In Confucian philosophy, faithfulness is indispensable in building strong personal relationships and long-term social stability.
信，或信，也是儒家思想提倡的基本美德。它涉及在生活的各个方面保持忠诚、诚实和值得信赖。在儒家哲学中，忠诚对于建立牢固的人际关系和长期的社会稳定是必不可少的。
The Five Constant Virtues were developed over two thousand years ago, yet they remain as important today. By cultivating moral virtues such as ren, yi, li, zhi, and xin, individuals can lead an ethical life and contribute positively to society.
五大常德是在两千多年前发展起来的，但它们在今天仍然同样重要。通过培养任、义、礼、智、心等道德美德，个人可以过上道德生活并为社会做出积极贡献。
Unit 2
单元 2
The Chongyang Festival, also referred to as the Double Ninth Festival, falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. The number nine is regarded as yang in Chinese culture, which represents positive forces, life, and brightness, hence the festival is given the name “Chongyang”. In addition, the word “nine” shares the same pronunciation as the word for “long” or “forever” in Chinese, so “double ninth” implies good health and a long life.
重阳节，又称重阳节，落在中国农历九月初九。数字 9 在中国文化中被视为阳，代表积极的力量、生命和光明，因此这个节日被命名为“重阳”。此外，「九」字与中文中的「长」或「永远」发音相同，因此「双九」寓意身体健康、长寿。
The festival has a long history of over 2,000 years. According to some research, its origin can be traced back to the Warring States Period, when it was mainly celebrated among royal families. It became widely celebrated after the Wei and Jin dynasties, and was officially declared to be a festival during the Tang Dynasty.
这个节日有着 2,000 多年的悠久历史。根据一些研究，它的起源可以追溯到战国时期，当时主要是皇室庆祝。它在魏晋之后被广泛庆祝，并在唐朝被正式宣布为节日。
The most important tradition of the Chongyang Festival is respecting the elderly. Seniors are assets of families and society, representing valuable sources of wisdom, creation, and inheritance. Respecting and caring for the elderly is one of the most fundamental moral principles in Chinese culture.
重阳节最重要的传统是尊重老年人。老年人是家庭和社会的资产，代表着智慧、创造和传承的宝贵来源。尊重和照顾老年人是中国文化中最基本的道德原则之一。
One key tradition of the Chongyang Festival involves honoring older people through specific gestures of respect and appreciation. Actions, such as adult children returning home to visit their elderly parents, presenting them with gifts, or arranging special meals or outings, all have a special significance on this day. These actions embody the underlying value of the Chinese culture that respects and appreciates the wisdom, experiences, and contributions of the older generation.
重阳节的一个重要传统是通过特定的尊重和欣赏姿态来纪念老年人。成年子女回家探望年迈的父母、赠送礼物、安排特别的餐食或郊游等活动，在这一天都具有特殊的意义。这些行动体现了中国文化的潜在价值，即尊重和欣赏老一辈的智慧、经验和贡献。
Another custom is ascending heights or climbing mountains. The festival is a perfect time for outdoor activities. With the clear autumn sky and bracing air, many people climb mountains to
另一个习俗是爬高或爬山。这个节日是进行户外活动的最佳时机。秋日晴朗的天空和令人振奋的空气，许多人爬山前往
enjoy the beauty of nature.
享受大自然的美丽。
Other traditions include eating Chongyang cake, appreciating chrysanthemum flowers, and drinking chrysanthemum wine, among others. Because the ninth lunar month is the time of a fruitful harvest, these activities bring family members together in a joyous festive atmosphere to remember their ancestors, strengthen their ties, and wish each other health, happiness, and prosperity.
其他传统包括吃重阳蛋糕、赏菊花和喝菊花酒等。因为农历九月是丰收的季节，这些活动将家庭成员聚集在欢乐的节日气氛中，以纪念他们的祖先，加强他们的联系，并祝愿彼此健康、幸福和繁荣。
In modern times, the Chongyang Festival has taken on new meanings. In 1989, the Chinese government set it as Senior’s Day to promote respect for the elderly. In 2006, it was listed as an item of China’s national intangible cultural heritage. Its abundant cultural meanings are important components of Chinese culture.
在现代，重阳节有了新的含义。1989 年，中国政府将老年人节定为老年人节，以促进对老年人的尊重。2006年被列入国家级非物质文化遗产项目。其丰富的文化内涵是中国文化的重要组成部分。
Unit 3
第 3 单元
Taking a cruise on China’s Yangtze River is a great way to spend a holiday. This journey allows tourists to escape the city’s hustle and bustle and experience breathtaking scenery while enjoying tea and delicious snacks onboard.
在中国的长江上乘船游览是度过假期的绝佳方式。这段旅程让游客可以逃离城市的喧嚣，在船上享用茶和美味小吃的同时体验令人叹为观止的风景。
Among the classic routes available, one is the “Two Dams and One Gorge” tour, which offers a one-day Yangtze River cruise experience. Passengers get to explore three extraordinary sites: the Gezhouba Dam, the Xiling Gorge, and the Three Gorges Dam. The Gezhouba Dam is the first large-scale water control project on the Yangtze River, while the Three Gorges Dam stands as the world’s largest hydropower project.
在可供选择的经典路线中，一条是“两坝一峡”之旅，提供一日游的长江游轮体验。乘客可以探索三个非凡的景点：葛洲坝、西陵峡谷和三峡大坝。葛洲坝大坝是长江上第一个大型水利治理工程，而三峡大坝则是世界上最大的水电工程。
Departing from Yichang in Hubei Province, the cruise begins its journey that first takes passengers through the grand Gezhouba Dam and then the picturesque Xiling Gorge. Along this route, tourists can view the scenic beauty of the Tribes of the Three Gorges while cruising on the boat. They can also arrange another trip to hike along the Yangtze River and witness traditional performances featuring folk songs, group dances, and various local customs in the area.
游轮从湖北省宜昌市出发，开始其旅程，首先带领乘客穿越宏伟的葛洲坝，然后是风景如画的西岭峡谷。沿着这条路线，游客可以在乘船巡游的同时欣赏三峡部落的美景。他们还可以安排另一次长江徒步之旅，欣赏以民歌、群舞和该地区各种当地习俗为特色的传统表演。
The most amazing experience of the tour comes in the afternoon when tourists take a boat to pass through the Three Gorges Dam. To a remarkable vertical height of up to 113 meters, the boat is lifted gracefully by the world’s largest and most advanced vertical ship lift. Passengers can observe the change of the water level until it reaches its maximum height within the confines of the ship lift. Then, standing on the deck, they can enjoy a splendid panoramic view of the dam and the surrounding scenery. The entire process of passing through the dam takes around 40 minutes.
这次旅行最令人惊叹的体验是在下午，游客乘船穿过三峡大坝。该船的垂直高度高达 113 米，由世界上最大、最先进的垂直升船机优雅地提升。乘客可以观察水位的变化，直到它在升船机范围内达到最大高度。然后，站在甲板上，他们可以欣赏到大坝和周围风景的壮丽景色。穿过大坝的整个过程大约需要 40 分钟。
After crossing the dam, tourists can visit Zigui County, the hometown of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet from the Warring States Period. There, they can tour the Qu Yuan Temple, which was originally constructed during the Tang Dynasty, before returning to Yichang by bus to end the trip.
过大坝后，游客可以参观战国时期爱国诗人屈原的故乡組归县。在那里，他们可以参观最初建于唐朝的屈原寺，然后乘坐巴士返回宜昌结束旅程。
Unit 4
第 4 单元
The northwestern Chinese city of Dunhuang is more than 2,000 kilometers from Beijing, but thanks to digital technology, its famous artistic heritage can be just a click away for people in the
中国西北部城市敦煌距离北京 2,000 多公里，但得益于数字技术，其著名的艺术遗产对
capital.
资本。
Dunhuang is home to the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reproduced elements of the caves have been on display at the National Base for International Cultural Trade in Beijing since July 2022. The exhibition is a feast for the eyes, covering an area of 1,600 square meters and featuring the results of research on nearly 50 sets of cultural relics. It is set to run for
敦煌是莫高窟的所在地，莫高窟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。 自 2022 年 7 月以来，这些石窟的复制元素一直在北京的国家国际文化贸易基地展出。展览面积达 1,600 平方米，展出了近 50 件文物的研究成果，堪称一场视觉盛宴。它设置为运行
three years.
三年。
While the painted sculptures, murals, and other splendid items of the Mogao Caves have been replicated using 3D printing, the grottoes that are closed to the public have been reproduced in a
虽然莫高窟的彩绘雕塑、壁画和其他华丽物品已使用 3D 打印进行复制，但不对公众开放的石窟则以
digital format that brings them to life. A typical example of such digital preservation is the No. 3 Grotto. Due to the small blisters on the walls that cause the color layer to fall off, the grotto is gradually deteriorating. In order to protect the grotto and prevent further damage, it is no longer open to the public. However, its digital restoration offers an alternative way for visitors to experience its splendor, and it can be preserved for good in digital space.
数字格式，让它们栩栩如生。这种数字保存的一个典型例子是 3 号石窟。由于墙壁上的小水泡导致颜色层脱落，石窟逐渐恶化。为了保护石窟并防止进一步的破坏，它不再向公众开放。然而，它的数字修复为游客提供了另一种体验其辉煌的方式，并且可以在数字空间中永久保存。
The reconstruction and restoration of the precious artistic heritage displayed in the exhibition were made possible thanks to Digital Dunhuang, an ongoing project at the cutting edge of digital technology to collect, process, and store data of cultural relics of Dunhuang.
展览中展示的珍贵艺术遗产的重建和修复得益于数字敦煌，这是一个正在进行的项目，处于数字技术的前沿，旨在收集、处理和存储敦煌文物的数据。
The Digital Dunhuang project kicked off in the 1990s, and the past three decades have seen remarkable achievements. By the end of 2021, the project team had completed the digital collection of 268 grottoes, finished the image processing of 164 grottoes, and conducted 3D reconstruction of 45 painted sculptures, 146 grottoes, and seven large relic sites.
数字敦煌项目始于 1990 年代，在过去的三十年里取得了令人瞩目的成就。截至 2021 年底，项目组已完成 268 个石窟的数字收藏，完成了 164 个石窟的图像处理，并对 45 个彩绘雕塑、146 个石窟和 7 个大型遗址进行了 3D 重建。
Digital technology provides a means of preserving China’s cultural heritage for future generations and allowing people both at home and abroad to soak up the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves.
数字技术为子孙后代提供了一种保护中国文化遗产的方法，让国内外的人们都能沉浸在莫高窟的艺术魅力中。
Unit 5
单元 5
A clean and healthy environment is essential for people’s well-being and happiness. In recent decades, China has placed environmental protection at the forefront of its priorities. The phrase “blue skies, green lands, and clear waters” has emerged as a guiding principle in the country’s pursuit of sustainable development and improvement of environmental health.
一个干净健康的环境对人们的福祉和幸福至关重要。近几十年来，中国一直将环境保护放在首位。“蓝天、绿地、碧水”这句话已成为该国追求可持续发展和改善环境健康的指导原则。
Air pollution, particularly PM2.5 pollutants, was once a significant issue in North China. However, since the 2010s, with strict government policies and advances in clean energy development, China has made remarkable progress in reducing its PM2.5 density. Now, China boasts the world’s largest clean coal-burning power generation base, along with the highest volume of installed wind and photovoltaic power capacity. Moreover, China has long stood out as the top producer of new-energy vehicles in the world.
空气污染，尤其是 PM2.5 污染物，曾经是华北地区的一个重要问题。然而，自 2010 年代以来，随着严格的政府政策和清洁能源发展的进步，中国在降低 PM2.5 浓度方面取得了显著进展。现在，中国拥有世界上最大的清洁燃煤发电基地，以及最高的风电和光伏发电装机容量。此外，中国长期以来一直是世界上最大的新能源汽车生产国。
What’s more, tree planting has become a common practice among people in China. Following decades of afforestation, China has now established the world’s largest area of planted forests. Global data shows that nearly 25 percent of the world’s increase in greenery since the early 2000s has occurred in China.
更重要的是 ，植树已成为中国人的普遍做法。经过几十年的植树造林，中国现在已经建立了世界上最大的人工林面积。全球数据显示，自 2000 年代初以来，全球绿化增长的近 25% 发生在中国。
China’s rivers and lakes are under stricter protection as well. The Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is a good example of this effort. Previously, the rivers within this area were heavily polluted with garbage, causing numerous native animals to migrate elsewhere. However, in 2003, the local government initiated a wetland conservation program, which marked a crucial turning point for the area. Since then, significant changes have taken place, and the wetland has even gained immense popularity as a national wetland park.
中国的河流和湖泊也受到更严格的保护。浙江省杭州市的西溪湿地就是这种努力的一个很好的例子。以前，该地区的河流受到垃圾的严重污染，导致许多本地动物迁移到其他地方。然而，在 2003 年，当地政府启动了一项湿地保护计划，这标志着该地区的一个关键转折点。从那时起，发生了重大变化，湿地甚至作为国家湿地公园获得了极大的欢迎。
Owing to China’s firm commitment to environmental protection, the vision of “blue skies, green lands, and clear waters” has become a reality that further enhances the well-being and happiness of the Chinese population.
由于中国对环境保护的坚定承诺，“ 蓝天、绿地、碧水 ” 的愿景已成为现实，进一步提高了中国人民的福祉和幸福感。