Special to CTBUH’s Vertical Urbanism DRAFT
特别献给 CTBUH 的垂直城市主义草案
Climate Responsive:
气候响应：
A Sustainable, Innovative Tower Rises in China’s ‘Architecture City’
一个可持续、创新的塔楼在中国“建筑之城”拔地而起
Author:
作者：
Stephan Schütz, Dipl.-Ing. Architect and Executive Partner
斯蒂芬·舒茨， Dipl.-Ing. 建筑师及执行合伙人
Tobias Keyl, Dipl.-Ing. Architect and Associate Partner
托比亚斯·凯尔， Dipl.-Ing. 建筑师及合伙人
gmp – von Gerkan, Marg and Partners Architects
gmp – 冯·格康，玛格及合伙人建筑师事务所
ABSTRACT: China’s largest construction company commissioned its new headquarters in the port city of Guangzhou, known for its notable architecture, seeking a highly sustainable and innovative high-rise. Exemplifying the company’s engineering prowess, the solution stems from a comprehensive analysis of the surrounding environment and climate to offer an economical solution with straightforward construction techniques and a radically simplified scheme for all building services. Even more unassuming, the appearance of the building reflects its few external primary columns and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels, which also provide shade. Both the structural system and the facade rely as much as possible on prefabricated parts that can be assembled on site, saving time, money, and emissions during construction.
摘要：中国最大的建筑公司在其以著名建筑闻名的港口城市广州委托建造了其新总部，寻求一个高度可持续和创新的高层建筑。该解决方案体现了公司的工程实力，源于对周围环境和气候的全面分析，以提供一种经济实惠的解决方案，采用简单的施工技术和对所有建筑服务进行彻底简化的方案。更不起眼的是，建筑的外观反映了其少数外部主柱和建筑集成光伏（BIPV）面板，这些面板还提供了遮阳。结构和立面都尽可能依赖可在现场组装的预制部件，在施工过程中节省时间、金钱和排放。
AUTHOR BIO: Stephan
作者简介：Stephan
AUTHOR BIO: Tobias Keyl is an Associate Partner with gmp Architects in Berlin and the United States. He studied at Braunschweig Technical University and joined gmp in 2004. Having worked at the Berlin office for five years he moved to gmp’s Beijing office, from where he returned to Berlin in 2016. He has successfully been in charge of several large buildings, from the competition stage through to completion, and currently manages projects on three continents. His main focus is on large international multidisciplinary projects. Since October 2019 he has been a member of the Industry Advisory Group at Harvard University Graduate School of Design, advising on the future of air travel. Since 2021 Tobias is part of gmp's global sustainable design steering group.
作者简介：托比亚斯·凯尔（Tobias Keyl）是柏林和美国 gmp 建筑事务所的联席合伙人。他就读于布伦瑞克工业大学，并于 2004 年加入 gmp。在柏林办公室工作了五年后，他调至 gmp 的北京办公室，并于 2016 年返回柏林。他成功负责了多个大型建筑项目，从竞赛阶段到完工，目前管理着三个大洲的项目。他的主要关注点是大型国际多学科项目。自 2019 年 10 月起，他担任哈佛大学设计研究生院行业咨询小组成员，就航空旅行的未来提供建议。自 2021 年起，托比亚斯成为 gmp 全球可持续设计指导小组的一员。
Not far from Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a port city known on the Pearl River known for both ancient temples as much as for its radical modern architecture including an hourglass-shaped high-rise and a noted opera house designed by Zaha Hadid. The city offers an ideal setting for the world’s largest general contractor, China State Construction Engineering Corporation, to flex its muscles in both construction and design for super-efficient, welcoming commercial structures that go beyond the expected and help illuminate the urban habitats one might expect in the not-so-distant future.
距离香港不远的广州，是一座位于珠江上的港口城市，以其古老寺庙和激进现代建筑而闻名，包括一座沙漏形的高层建筑和由扎哈·哈迪德设计的著名歌剧院。这座城市为全球最大的总承包商——中国建筑集团有限公司提供了一个理想的舞台，使其在建筑和设计方面大展身手，打造出超高效、欢迎的商业建筑，超越预期，并有助于照亮人们在不远的将来可能期望的城市栖息地。
Envisaging a new headquarters, the company invited an international competition in 2022, the architects von Gerkan, Marg and Partners (gmp) took first prize for their conceptual design — a high-rise commercial structure that creates a connection to the city and surroundings through unique façade and scale, and an engaging site design welcoming visitors and the public. Not incidentally, the concept would also feature the certifiable maximum for both construction efficiency — a point of pride for China State Construction Engineering Corporation, known as CSCEC — and earn accreditations for sustainability and China’s challenging Green Building Label in addition to top LEED and well certifications.
公司设想建设一个新总部，于 2022 年举办了一场国际竞赛，建筑师冯·格坎、玛格及其合伙人（gmp）凭借其概念设计获得一等奖——这是一座高层商业建筑，通过独特的立面和规模以及吸引人的场地设计，与城市和周边环境建立了联系，欢迎访客和公众。并非偶然的是，该概念还将具备可认证的最高施工效率——这是中国建筑集团有限公司（CSCEC）的骄傲——并获得可持续性认证以及中国颇具挑战性的绿色建筑标签，此外还有顶级 LEED 和 well 认证。
One could note the client, like any excellent builder or contractor, is rather fastidious. For its highly visible new headquarters in Guangzhou, the corporation desired a sustainable and innovative high-rise building that exemplifies its own engineering prowess at CSCEC. Key proposals by the team of gmp would integrate innovative facade technology, advanced energy systems, and a meaningful gesture for sustainable high-rise urban development. In particular the owner was convinced by a self-shading facade with building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels along with systems to slash needed operational energy, including the use of a physical air intake and exhaust system, also known as a solar chimney. CSCEC also cooperated with the architects at gmp to devise a scheme for modular construction, with the aim to reduce site emissions during construction and also to cut erection time.
有人可能会注意到，这位客户就像任何优秀的建筑商或承包商一样，非常挑剔。对于其位于广州的备受瞩目的新总部，该公司希望打造一座可持续且创新的摩天大楼，以展示其在 CSCEC 的工程实力。gmp 团队的关键提案将整合创新的立面技术、先进的能源系统以及对可持续高层城市发展的有意义姿态。特别是业主被一种自遮阳立面所打动，该立面结合了建筑一体化光伏（BIPV）面板以及削减所需运营能源的系统，包括使用物理空气进气和排气系统，也称为太阳能烟囱。CSCEC 还与 gmp 的建筑师合作，设计了一种模块化施工方案，旨在减少施工期间的现场排放，并缩短搭建时间。
CSCEC’s unique focus on showcasing “future high-rise construction” became a clarion call for the design team to be closely aligned. The architects at gmp worked with CSCEC’s own experts in their 4th Engineering Bureau, as well as the energy consultant Transsolar Energietechnik A short video produced by China State Construction Engineering Corporation reveals some of the collaborative details — the construction process, for example, and how the building information modeling (BIM) tools were used to further streamline the overall process and avoid material and energy waste during construction.
中建集团独特的关注点在于展示“未来高层建筑”，这成为设计团队紧密合作的号角。gmp 的建筑师与中建集团自己的 4 th 工程局的专家以及能源顾问 Transsolar Energietechnik 合作。中国建筑集团有限公司制作的一段短视频揭示了部分合作细节——例如施工过程，以及如何利用建筑信息模型（BIM）工具进一步简化整体流程，避免在施工过程中材料和能源的浪费。
Shaped and Sharpened
塑造与磨砺
Programmed for about 104,400 square meters (1,124,000 square feet) of primarily office and amenity uses, the headquarters building is located in the Tianhe District of Guangzhou International Financial City, where a rigorous urban masterplan requires urban blocks with podiums and towers of various heights to form a recognizable skyline. These parameters largely determined the geometry of the building, which was further developed with an engaging podium concept relating to its surrounding urban fabric and its relevance to local climate. The surrounding infrastructure and integration with existing transit networks and public amenities further drove the building’s role in revitalizing or complementing its urban surroundings.
编程用于约 104400 平方米（1124,000 平方英尺）的主要办公和便利设施用途，总部大楼位于广州国际金融城天河区，这里严格的城区总体规划要求城市街区配有不同高度的裙楼和塔楼，以形成可识别的天际线。这些参数在很大程度上决定了建筑的几何形状，该形状进一步发展为一个引人入胜的裙楼概念，与其周围的城市肌理及其与当地气候的相关性相联系。周围的基础设施以及与现有交通网络和公共设施的整合，进一步推动了该建筑在振兴或补充其城市环境中的作用。
Architecturally speaking, the first step was understanding the future genius loci, or spirit of the place, requiring environmental simulations on sun exposure, potential views to the Pearl River, and likely wind impacts by simulating the future conditions of the yet to be completed urban surroundings. Overall, the South China climate provides a good temperature difference between day and night — allowing for night cooling — and relatively mild temperatures for about eight months of the year allowing for natural cooling without significant heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system operations. without cooling. With its warm or hot season from June to September, the mix of shading and air conditioning are essential. Overall, the city’s air quality is surprisingly good, enhanced by cooling winds from the river’s thermal impact. On top of that, Guangzhou exemplifies the south Chinese culture of Lingnan architecture, with its integration of nature, water harvesting, solar protection, and wind flow with large arcade spaces and dense greening integrated into the urban living environment
从建筑学的角度来看，第一步是理解未来的“场所精神”（genius loci），这需要对阳光照射、潜在的珠江景观以及通过模拟尚未完成的周边城市环境的未来条件可能的风力影响进行环境模拟。总体而言，华南气候在昼夜之间提供了良好的温差——允许夜间降温——并且大约有八个月的时间温度相对温和，允许自然冷却，而无需显著的供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统运行。在 6 月至 9 月的温暖或炎热季节，遮阳和空调的结合至关重要。总体而言，该市的空气质量出奇地好，得益于河流热影响带来的凉爽风。除此之外，广州还体现了岭南建筑的南中国文化特色，其将自然、雨水收集、太阳能防护和风流与大型拱廊空间和密集绿化融为一体，融入城市生活环境。.
Following a comprehensive analysis of the surrounding environment and climate, gmp developed a design based on deeply economical construction approaches and less complex services installations. The appearance of the building defers to a few prominent columns seen in the external structural support system as well as the sun shading elements which also include photovoltaic panels. Both the structural system and the façade designs rely as much as possible on prefabricated parts that can be assembled on site. The approach saves time, money, and emissions during construction.
在对周边环境和气候进行全面分析后，gmp 基于深度经济型建筑方法和不那么复杂的设施安装，开发出了一种设计方案。建筑的外观主要依赖于外部结构支撑系统中几根突出的柱子以及包含光伏板的遮阳元素。无论是结构系统还是立面设计，都尽可能多地依赖可在现场组装的预制部件。这种方法在施工过程中节省了时间、金钱和排放。
These initial big moves set the direction and design vision for key architectural elements such as overall façade aesthetics, interior layouts, and the like. The building geometry, for example, allowed an immediate on creating highly efficient spatial volumes. Economic floor plans offered high usability and flexibility, such as in reducing core areas based on elevator groupings. With the column located at the perimeters, the team gained more useful space, as well as reducing core areas with higher efficiencies on higher floors. The solution, with its clear and efficient structural layout, also improved the use of modular construction methods, helping further refine and define the exterior appearance of the mega-columns. For the building systems, the scheme also enhanced sunshading even with full views to the river for occupants to enjoy, and with natural fresh-air ventilation rather than full mechanical systems
这些初始的大动作设定了关键建筑元素的方向和设计愿景，例如整体立面美学、内部布局等。例如，建筑几何形状使得能够立即创建高效的空间体积。经济型平面布局提供了高可用性和灵活性，例如通过基于电梯分组的减少核心区域。由于柱子位于外围，团队获得了更多有用的空间，同时减少了高层核心区域，提高了效率。该解决方案凭借其清晰高效的结构布局，还改进了模块化施工方法的使用，有助于进一步细化和定义巨型柱的外观。对于建筑系统，该方案还增强了遮阳效果，即使住户可以享受全景河景，并且采用自然新鲜空气通风而非全机械系统。.
Further, the design parts added to the integration of green and open spaces around the podium and also on higher floor. At street level, extended public space is created around the building. Colonnades protect visitors from the sun and rain. Replicating the principle of traditional “cold lanes,” an open joint between the podium and the tower acts as a vertical, naturally ventilated space. The podium levels house facilities requiring public access, such as eateries, meeting areas and a small museum.
此外，设计部分增加了绿色和开放空间与裙楼的融合，以及高层楼面的绿色和开放空间。在街道层面，围绕建筑创造了扩展的公共空间。柱廊保护访客免受日晒雨淋。复制传统“冷巷”的原理，裙楼与塔楼之间的开放接缝充当垂直的自然通风空间。裙楼层面设有需要公共访问的设施，如餐饮区、会议区和一个小型博物馆。
Environment & Sustainability: Reach Goals
环境与可持续性：达成目标
The CSCEC headquarters building also takes a sharp, assertive approach to achieving a zero-energy footprint. In particular, passive design strategies are employed throughout. These include natural ventilation, thermal massing, and insulation, and the integration of renewable energy systems including the BIPV facade and accompanying energy storage
中建总部大楼也采取了鲜明、坚定的方法来实现零能耗足迹。特别是，整个建筑采用了被动式设计策略。这些包括自然通风、热质和保温，以及包括 BIPV 幕墙和配套能源存储的可再生能源系统的集成。.
Alon with these elements, the team of gmp, Transsolar and Arup as a local partner also brought in the Guangzhou and south Chinese culture of Lingnan architecture to maximize the use of key elements — nature, water harvesting, sun protection, wind flow, and dense greening integrated into living environment — all designed to help the completed building react to varied site conditions. Specific strategies employed from Lingnan architecture concepts include:
与这些元素一起，gmp 团队、Transsolar 以及作为本地合作伙伴的 Arup 还引入了广州和华南地区的岭南建筑文化，以最大化利用关键元素——自然、雨水收集、防晒、风流和密集绿化融入生活环境——所有这些都是为了帮助建成后的建筑应对多样的场地条件。从岭南建筑概念中采用的具体策略包括：
Protection from sun: External sunshading fins, avoiding excessive heat Intake
防晒措施：外部遮阳鳍片，避免过度热量摄入
Large open outdoor areas at the ground floor: Public spaces protected from rain, and sun
底层大型开放式户外区域：免受雨水和阳光侵袭的公共空间
Harvesting of natural resources: More than 7,800 square feet of BIPV activating solar shading elements and the roof
自然资源的采集：超过 7800 平方英尺的 BIPV 激活太阳能遮阳元素和屋顶
BIPV energy: Enough to operate all office floors, with an annual power output of about 650,000 kWh, expected to reduce carbon by 8,700 tons over its entire life cycle
BIPV 能源：足以运行所有办公楼层，年发电量约为 650,000 千瓦时，预计在其整个生命周期内减少碳排放 8,700 吨
Use of wind: Natural airflow enters through podium via a vertical airspace
使用风：自然气流通过垂直空气空间进入裙楼
In addition to those attributes, the building employs a solar chimney — essentially a vertical airshaft exposed to the sun at the top, creating a natural draft — combined with air intakes at the façades to create natural airflow within the office areas, a savings of zero mechanical system use for about two-thirds of the calendar year. The solution also allows for night cooling via the façade to precondition the interiors for the next day by cooling of the thermal mass of the building
除了这些属性外，该建筑采用了一种太阳能烟囱——本质上是一个顶部暴露在阳光下的垂直通风井，形成自然通风——结合立面上的进气口，在办公区域内创造自然气流，大约在三分之二的时间内无需使用机械系统，节省了能源。该解决方案还允许通过立面进行夜间冷却，通过冷却建筑的热质量，为第二天预调室内环境。.
Another beneficial feature is a carbon emission monitoring management system, or CEMS, which provides for dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions during the whole construction phase. Following that, the CEMS affords interoperability of all indirect carbon emission sources such as photovoltaic, energy storage, lighting, and the like
另一个有益的特性是碳排放在线监测管理系统，或 CEMS，它提供了在整个施工阶段对碳排放的动态监测。随后，CEMS 实现了所有间接碳排放源（如光伏、储能、照明等）的互操作性。.
To create a maximum of column-free, flexibly usable space for offices and modern working environments (as well as for communication structures), the services installations are located at the core of the building. The top floor with its large expanse of glass holds the client corporation’s reception and exhibition areas, offering views across Guangzhou and the many buildings constructed by CSCEC. At the ground floor, podium roof garden, and the upper-floor sky garden, the architect In cooperation with the landscape architects of SWA designed to integrate plantings and green spaces for maximum occupant use and visibility.
为了创造最大化的无柱、灵活可用的办公和现代工作环境空间（以及通信结构），服务设施位于建筑的核心区域。顶层拥有大面积玻璃，设有客户公司的接待和展览区，可以俯瞰广州和由中国建筑总公司建造的众多建筑。在地面层、裙楼屋顶花园以及上层空中花园，建筑师与 SWA 的景观建筑师合作设计，整合植物和绿色空间，以供最大化的使用者利用和观赏。
Innovative Structures
创新结构
The structural solutions underpinning the high-rise design also reflect CSCEC’s own desire to build modern, innovative commercial works. Highlights include their modular or prefabricated components as well as the overall structural planning method employed. The primary goal is to efficiently design to ensure meeting the demands of wind loads and seismic conditions while making the structures as lightweight and flexible as possible yet massive and rigid enough for the highest expected wind loads.
支撑高层设计的结构解决方案也反映了中建集团自身建造现代、创新商业作品的愿望。亮点包括其模块化或预制组件以及所采用的整体结构规划方法。主要目标是高效设计，以确保满足风荷载和地震条件的要求，同时使结构尽可能轻便和灵活，但又足够庞大和坚固，以应对预期的最高风荷载。
At the heart of the CSCEC headquarters is a concrete core poured using an automatic climbing formwork system including manufacturing robots. Surrounding the building mass are 12 perimeter mega-columns creating interior stiffness, with floor slabs tying the outer and inner structures together. A stiff, framed tube system is enhanced by using the core not only for gravity loads but also to resist lateral loads. Deformations of the frame-tube structure under lateral loading thus integrates both shear and bend deflections; the floor structure ties the exterior and interior tubes together, and they respond as a unit to lateral forces.
在中建集团总部大楼的核心是一个使用自动爬升模板系统浇筑的混凝土核心，包括制造机器人。围绕建筑主体的是 12 根周边巨型柱，以增加内部刚度，楼板将外部和内部结构连接在一起。一个刚性的框架筒体系统通过使用核心不仅承受重力荷载，还能抵抗侧向荷载而得到增强。因此，框架筒体结构在侧向荷载下的变形整合了剪切和弯曲挠度；楼板结构将外部和内部筒体连接在一起，它们作为一个整体对侧向力作出响应。
The tower’s floors are constructed with prefabricated hollow-core concrete planks or filigree slab construction techniques. CSCEC and the project team streamlined all components to minimize materials — which saves on first cost and erection time but also on the energy required for materials and transportation to the site. At the exterior systems, CSCEC approved a carefully detailed unitized façade system, which allowed for high precision in deployment yet with a very fast construction turnaround. In fact, the foundations and basement work was completed in March 2023, and by December the next year—2024—the client began moving in.
塔楼的楼层采用预制空心-core 混凝土板或细丝板施工技术建造。中建集团和项目团队简化了所有组件，以最小化材料使用——这不仅节省了初始成本和安装时间，还减少了材料和运输到现场所需的能源。在外部系统方面，中建集团批准了一个精心设计的单元化幕墙系统，该系统在部署时具有高精度，但施工周期却非常快。事实上，基础和地下室工程已于 2023 年 3 月完成，到第二年 12 月——即 2024 年——客户开始搬入。
Engineering Feasibility & Solutions
工程可行性及解决方案
In spite of CSCEC’s design ambitions, the client group was highly motivated to balance their conceptual innovations with engineering feasibility and budget constraints. They were also keen on overcoming site-specific challenges, such as space limitations and local regulatory requirements. The innovations and solutions that addressed these challenges included custom engineering solutions for renewable energy integration and structural systems, too.
尽管中建集团的设计雄心勃勃，客户群体却高度致力于在概念创新与工程可行性和预算限制之间取得平衡。他们还热衷于克服特定场地的挑战，例如空间限制和地方监管要求。为应对这些挑战而采取的创新和解决方案包括为可再生能源集成和结构系统定制的工程解决方案。
In the project delivery process, dialogue was essential to convince the team’s local engineering counterparts of the benefits of the naturally operating systems. CSCEC served as a critical and vocal supporter in this regard. In fact, once a feasible innovation was realized and supported by simulations, some trust was established for the whole team, helping us work toward a common goal. For example, after the mechanical systems for the summer month were installed, that helped build the needed trust to test an alternative system relying on natural draft for cool-month ventilation cooling. The installed mechanical system also provided a well understood fallback solution, in case the ventilation cooling did not work as intended.
在项目交付过程中，对话对于说服团队当地工程同行自然运行系统的益处至关重要。中建集团在这方面发挥了关键且积极的支持作用。事实上，一旦实现了一项可行的创新，并通过模拟得到支持，整个团队就建立了一些信任，帮助我们朝着共同目标努力。例如，在夏季月份的机械系统安装后，这有助于建立必要的信任，以测试一种依赖自然通风的替代系统，用于冷月通风冷却。安装的机械系统还提供了一个易于理解的备用解决方案，以防通风冷却未能按预期工作。
The solutions for the façade design and energy management systems also provided for trust and careful innovation. They offered a sensible solution: All building surfaces, except the north façade, would be exposed to the direct sun at a high angle. The external sunshading would reduce the direct solar impact onto fully glazed surfaces, allowing CCSEC a largely transparent façade with full panoramic views to the Pearl River and the Guangzhou skyline. Even better, PV cells integrated into the sunshading elements — on the surface exposed to the sun — allowed the client to harvest that solar energy blocked from entering the building.
立面设计和能源管理系统的解决方案也提供了信任和谨慎创新。它们提供了一个合理的解决方案：所有建筑表面，除了北立面，都将以高角度暴露在直射阳光下。外部遮阳将减少直射阳光对全玻璃表面的影响，使 CCSEC 拥有一个大部分透明的立面，并享有完整的珠江和广州天际线的全景视野。更妙的是，集成在遮阳元素上的光伏电池——在暴露于阳光的表面——使客户能够收集那些被阻挡进入建筑的太阳能。
In addition, by reducing solar heat gain the headquarters’ internal cooling loads are reduced efficiently, while the electricity produced from the PV cells is available for building plug loads. A result of careful design planning, the air intake valves on the façade are located within shaded areas, so that entering air is relatively cool compared to the average façade surface. The valves themselves help also: They control the airflow, creating a constant and consistent volume from the façade to the solar chimney. At night, the valves remain open for free nocturnal cooling
此外，通过减少太阳能热增益，总部内部的冷却负荷得到了有效降低，而光伏电池产生的电力可用于建筑插头负荷。这是精心设计规划的结果，立面上的进气阀位于遮阴区域，因此进入的空气相对于平均立面表面来说相对较凉。这些阀门本身也有帮助：它们控制气流，从立面到太阳能烟囱形成恒定且一致的体积。夜间，阀门保持开启，以实现免费的夜间冷却。
Ideas like these helped make CSCEC Headquarters building a success, delivering real benefits to the stakeholders. For the owners, the team provided increased long-term value and reduced operating costs — not just a landmark of engineering excellence and a globally innovative, creative construction company. The occupants enjoy enhanced comfort, excellent indoor environmental quality, and attendant enhanced productivity. The general public wins also, seeing and using the creation of public areas around the ground floor that are open, green and amenitized
这些想法帮助中国建筑总部大楼取得了成功，为利益相关者带来了实实在在的好处。对于业主来说，团队提供了增加的长期价值和降低的运营成本——不仅仅是一个工程卓越的地标和全球创新、富有创造力的建筑公司。使用者享受到了增强的舒适度、卓越的室内环境质量以及随之提高的生产力。普通公众也受益，他们看到并使用了围绕一楼开放的、绿色且设施齐全的公共区域。.
The planet could be considered a winner also. This is a certified near-zero-energy building with reduced embodied carbon due to streamlined material use and significantly reduced operational carbon. Overall, what could be a normative commercial enterprise rises high in Guangzhou as a landmark in sustainable engineering and urban development
这颗星球也可以被视为赢家。这是一座经过认证的近零能耗建筑，由于材料使用的优化，减少了隐含碳，并且显著降低了运营碳。总体而言，一个本可以是规范性商业企业的高楼在广州拔地而起，成为可持续工程和城市发展的地标。.