(1)

Regulation (EU) 2015/847 of the European Parliament and of the Council (4) has been substantially amended (5). Since further amendments are to be made, that Regulation should be recast in the interests of clarity.
欧洲议会和欧洲理事会第（EU）2015/847 号条例(4) 已作实质性修订(5) 。由于还将进行进一步修订，为明确起见，应重新制定该条例。

(2)

Regulation (EU) 2015/847 was adopted to ensure that the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) requirements on wire transfer service providers, and in particular the obligation on payment service providers to accompany transfers of funds with information on the payer and the payee, were applied uniformly throughout the Union. The latest changes introduced in June 2019 in the FATF standards on new technologies, with the aim of regulating virtual assets and virtual asset service providers, have provided new and similar obligations for virtual asset service providers, with the purpose of facilitating the traceability of transfers of virtual assets. Further to those changes, virtual asset service providers are to accompany transfers of virtual assets with information on the originators and beneficiaries of those transfers. Virtual asset service providers are also required to obtain, hold and share that information with their counterpart on the other end of the virtual assets transfer and make it available on request to competent authorities.
第 2015/847 号条例（欧盟）的通过是为了确保金融行动特别工作组（FATF）对电汇服务提供商的要求，特别是支付服务提供商有义务在资金转移时附上付款人和收款人的信息，在整个欧盟统一适用。2019 年 6 月，反洗钱金融行动特别工作组（FATF）对新技术标准进行了最新修改，旨在规范虚拟资产和虚拟资产服务提供商，为虚拟资产服务提供商规定了新的类似义务，目的是促进虚拟资产转账的可追溯性。除了这些变化之外，虚拟资产服务提供商还必须在转让虚拟资产的同时提供关于这些转让的发起人和受益人的信息。虚拟资产服务提供商还必须获取、持有并与虚拟资产转让另一端的对应方共享这些信息，并应主管当局的要求提供这些信息。

(3)

Given that Regulation (EU) 2015/847 currently only applies to transfers of funds, that is to banknotes and coins, scriptural money, and electronic money as defined in Article 2, point 2, of Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (6), it is appropriate to extend the scope of Regulation (EU) 2015/847 in order to also cover transfers of virtual assets.
鉴于第 2015/847 号条例（欧盟）目前仅适用于资金转移，即欧洲议会和欧洲理事会第 2009/110/EC 号指令 (6) 第 2 条第 2 点所定义的纸币和硬币、纸币和电子货币，因此，扩大第 2015/847 号条例（欧盟）的范围，使其也涵盖虚拟资产的转移是适当的。

(4)

Flows of illicit money through transfers of funds and virtual assets can damage the integrity, stability and reputation of the financial sector, and threaten the internal market of the Union as well as international development. Money laundering, terrorist financing and organised crime remain significant problems which should be addressed at Union level. The soundness, integrity and stability of the system of transfers of funds and virtual assets, and confidence in the financial system as a whole, could be seriously jeopardised by the efforts of criminals and their associates to disguise the origin of criminal proceeds or to transfer funds or virtual assets for criminal activities or terrorist purposes.
通过转移资金和虚拟资产进行的非法资金流动会损害金融部门的诚信、稳定和声誉，威胁欧盟内部市场和国际发展。洗钱、资助恐怖主义和有组织犯罪仍然是应在欧盟层面解决的重大问题。犯罪分子及其同伙为掩饰犯罪所得的来源或为犯罪活动或恐怖主义目的转移资金或虚拟资产，可能会严重危害资金和虚拟资产转移系统的健全、完整和稳定，以及对整个金融系统的信心。

(5)

In order to facilitate their criminal activities, money launderers and financers of terrorism are likely to take advantage of the freedom of capital movements within the Union’s integrated financial area unless certain coordinating measures are adopted at Union level. International cooperation within the framework of FATF and the global implementation of its recommendations aim to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing while transferring funds or virtual assets.
除非在欧盟一级采取某些协调措施，否则洗钱者和资助恐怖主义者有可能利用欧盟一体化金融区域内的资本流动自由为其犯罪活动提供便利。在反洗钱金融行动特别工作组框架内开展国际合作并在全球范围内执行其建议，旨在防止在转移资金或虚拟资产时洗钱和资助恐怖主义。

(6)

By reason of the scale of the action to be undertaken, the Union should ensure that the International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Proliferation adopted by FATF on 16 February 2012 and then revised on 21 June 2019 (the ‘revised FATF Recommendations’), and in particular FATF Recommendation 15 on new technologies, FATF Recommendation 16 on wire transfers and the revised interpretative notes on those recommendations, are applied uniformly throughout the Union and that, in particular, there is no discrimination or discrepancy between, on the one hand, national payments or transfers of virtual assets within a Member State and, on the other, cross-border payments or transfers of virtual assets between Member States. Uncoordinated action by Member States acting alone in the field of cross-border transfers of funds and virtual assets could have a significant impact on the smooth functioning of payment systems and virtual asset services at Union level and could therefore damage the internal market in the field of financial services.
鉴于将要采取的行动的规模，欧盟应确保反洗钱金融行动特别工作组于2012年2月16日通过、后于2019年6月21日修订的《打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义及扩散行为的国际标准》（"经修订的反洗钱金融行动特别工作组建议"），特别是反洗钱金融行动特别工作组关于新技术的建议15、关于电汇的反洗钱金融行动特别工作组第 16 号建议以及关于这些建议的经修订的解释性说明在全联盟统一适用，特别是在成员国内部的国内支付或虚拟资产转移与成员国之间的跨境支付或虚拟资产转移之间不存在任何歧视或差异。成员国在资金和虚拟资产跨境转移领域单独采取不协调的行动，可能对联盟一级支付系统和虚拟资产服务的顺利运作产生重大影响，并因此可能损害金融服务领域的内部市场。

(7)

In order to foster a coherent approach in the international context and to increase the effectiveness of the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing, further Union action should take account of developments at international level, in particular the revised FATF Recommendations.
为了促进在国际范围内采取协调一致的方法，并提高打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义行为的效力，欧盟的进一步行动应考虑到国际层面的发展，特别是经修订的反洗钱金融行动任务组建议。

(8)

Their global reach, the speed at which transactions can be carried out and the possible anonymity offered by their transfer make virtual assets particularly susceptible to criminal misuse, including in cross-border situations. In order to effectively address the risks posed by the misuse of virtual assets for money laundering and terrorist financing purposes, the Union should promote the application at global level of the standards implemented by this Regulation and the development of the international and cross-jurisdictional dimension of the regulatory and supervisory framework for transfers of virtual assets in relation to money laundering and terrorist financing.
虚拟资产遍布全球，交易速度快，转让时可能匿名，因此特别容易被犯罪分子滥用，包括在跨境情况下。为了有效应对为洗钱和资助恐怖主义目的滥用虚拟资产造成的风险，欧盟应促进在全球一级适用本条例实施的标准，并发展与洗钱和资助恐怖主义有关的虚拟资产转让监管和监督框架的国际和跨司法管辖层面。

(9)

Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council (7), as a result of its amendment by Directive (EU) 2018/843 of the European Parliament and of the Council (8), introduced a definition of virtual currencies and recognised providers engaged in exchange services between virtual currencies and fiat currencies, as well as custodial wallet providers, among the entities subject to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing requirements under Union law. Recent international developments, in particular within the framework of FATF, now imply the need to regulate additional categories of virtual asset service providers not yet covered and to broaden the current definition of virtual currency.
欧洲议会和理事会指令（EU）2015/849 (7) 经欧洲议会和理事会指令（EU）2018/843 (8) 修正后、引入了虚拟货币的定义，并将从事虚拟货币和法定货币之间兑换服务的认可提供商以及托管钱包提供商纳入受欧盟法律反洗钱和反恐融资要求约束的实体。最近的国际发展，特别是反洗钱金融行动特别工作组框架内的发展，现在意味着有必要对尚未涵盖的其他类别虚拟资产服务提供商进行监管，并扩大虚拟货币的现有定义。

(10)

The definition of crypto-assets in Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council (9) corresponds to the definition of virtual assets set out in the revised FATF Recommendations, and the list of crypto-asset services and crypto-asset service providers covered in that Regulation also encompasses the virtual asset service providers identified as such by FATF and considered likely to raise money laundering and terrorist financing concerns. In order to ensure coherency of Union law in that area, this Regulation should use the same definitions of crypto-assets, crypto-asset services and crypto-asset service providers as those used in Regulation (EU) 2023/1114.
欧洲议会和欧洲理事会第(9)2023/1114号条例中对加密资产的定义与经修订的反洗钱金融行动特别工作组建议中对虚拟资产的定义相对应、该条例所涵盖的加密资产服务和加密资产服务提供商清单还包括 FATF 确定的虚拟资产服务提供商，这些服务提供商被认为可能会引起洗钱和资助恐怖主义问题。为确保欧盟法律在这一领域的一致性，本条例应使用与(欧盟)第2023/1114号条例相同的加密资产、加密资产服务和加密资产服务提供商的定义。

(11)

The implementation and enforcement of this Regulation represent relevant and effective means of preventing and combating money laundering and terrorist financing.
本条例的实施和执行是防止和打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义行为的相关有效手段。

(12)

This Regulation is not intended to impose unnecessary burdens or costs on payment service providers, crypto-asset service providers or persons who use their services. In that regard, the preventive approach should be targeted and proportionate and should be in full compliance with the free movement of capital, which is guaranteed throughout the Union.
本条例无意对支付服务提供商、加密资产服务提供商或使用其服务的个人造成不必要的负担或费用。在这方面，预防性方法应具有针对性和相称性，并应完全符合整个欧盟所保障的资本自由流动。

(13)

The Union’s Revised Strategy on Terrorist Financing of 17 July 2008 (the ‘Revised Strategy’) states that efforts must be maintained to prevent terrorist financing and to control the use by suspected terrorists of their own financial resources. It recognises that FATF is constantly seeking to improve its recommendations and is working towards a common understanding of how they should be implemented. The Revised Strategy notes that implementation of the revised FATF Recommendations by all FATF members and members of FATF-style regional bodies is assessed on a regular basis and that a common approach to implementation by Member States is therefore important.
欧盟 2008 年 7 月 17 日关于资助恐怖主义问题的修订战略（"修订战略"）指出，必须继续努力防止资助恐怖主义，并控制恐怖主义嫌疑人使用自己的金融资源。修订战略》认识到，反洗钱金融行动特别工作组正在不断寻求改进其建议，并努力就如何实施这些建议达成共识。订正战略》指出，将定期评估反洗钱金融行动任务组所有成员和反洗钱金融行动任务组类型的区域机构成员执行经修订的反洗钱金融行动任务组建议的情况，因此会员国必须采取共同的执行办法。

(14)

In addition, the Commission in its communication of 7 May 2020 on an Action Plan for a comprehensive Union policy on preventing money laundering and terrorist financing identified six priority areas for urgent action to improve the Union’s anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing regime, including the establishment of a coherent regulatory framework for that regime in the Union to obtain more detailed and harmonised rules, in particular to address the implications of technological innovation and developments in international standards and to avoid diverging implementation of existing rules. Work at international level suggests a need to expand the scope of sectors or entities covered by that regime and to assess how it should apply to crypto-asset service providers not covered so far.
此外，欧盟委员会在 2020 年 5 月 7 日关于欧盟防止洗钱和资助恐怖主义综合 政策行动计划的来文中，确定了六个需要采取紧急行动的优先领域，以改善欧盟 的反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义制度，包括在欧盟为该制度建立一个协调一致的监 管框架，以获得更详细、更统一的规则，特别是应对技术创新和国际标准发展的影 响，并避免现有规则的执行出现分歧。国际层面的工作表明，有必要扩大该制度所涵盖的部门或实体的范围，并评估该制度应如何适用于迄今为止尚未涵盖的加密资产服务提供商。

(15)

In order to prevent terrorist financing, measures with the purpose of freezing the funds and economic resources of certain persons, groups and entities have been taken, including Council Regulations (EC) No 2580/2001 (10), (EC) No 881/2002 (11) and (EU) No 356/2010 (12). To the same end, measures with the purpose of protecting the financial system against the channelling of funds and economic resources for terrorist purposes have also been taken. Directive (EU) 2015/849 contains a number of such measures. Those measures do not, however, fully prevent terrorists or other criminals from accessing payment systems for transferring their funds.
为了防止向恐怖主义提供资助，已采取措施冻结某些个人、团体和实体的资金和经济资源、包括欧盟理事会第 2580/2001 号条例(10)、(EC) No 881/2002 (11) 和 (EU) No 356/2010 (12).为此，还采取了旨在保护金融系统的措施，以防止为恐怖主义目的输送资金和经济资源。第 2015/849 号指令（欧盟）包含一系列此类措施。然而，这些措施并不能完全防止恐怖分子或其他犯罪分子利用支付系统转移资金。

(16)

The traceability of transfers of funds and crypto-assets can be a particularly important and valuable tool in the prevention, detection and investigation of money laundering and terrorist financing, as well as in the implementation of restrictive measures, in particular those imposed by Regulations (EC) No 2580/2001, (EC) No 881/2002 and (EU) No 356/2010. It is therefore appropriate, in order to ensure the transmission of information throughout the payment chain or the transfer of crypto-assets chain, to provide for a system imposing the obligation on payment service providers to accompany transfers of funds with information on the payer and the payee and the obligation on crypto-asset service providers to accompany transfers of crypto-assets with information on the originator and the beneficiary.
在预防、侦查和调查洗钱和资助恐怖主义行为以及执行限制性措施，特别是(欧 共体)第 2580/2001 号、(欧共体)第 881/2002 号和(欧盟)第 356/2010 号条例规定的 措施方面，资金和加密资产转移的可追踪性可以成为一个特别重要和宝贵的工具。因此，为了确保在整个支付链或加密资产转移链中传递信息，宜规定一个制度，规定支付服务提供商有义务在转移资金时附上付款人和收款人的信息，加密资产服务提供商有义务在转移加密资产时附上发端人和受益人的信息。

(17)

Certain transfers of crypto-assets entail specific high-risk factors for money laundering, terrorist financing and other criminal activities, in particular transfers related to products, transactions or technologies designed to enhance anonymity, including privacy wallets, mixers or tumblers. To ensure the traceability of such transfers, the European Supervisory Authority (European Banking Authority), established by Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council (13) (EBA), should clarify, in particular, how the risk factors listed in Annex III to Directive (EU) 2015/849 are to be taken into account by crypto-asset service providers, including when carrying out transactions with non-Union entities that are not regulated, registered or licensed in any third country, or with self-hosted addresses. Where situations of higher risk are identified, EBA should issue guidelines specifying the enhanced due diligence measures that obliged entities should consider applying to mitigate such risks, including the adoption of appropriate procedures such as the use of distributed ledger technology (DLT) analytic tools, to detect the origin or destination of crypto-assets.
某些加密资产的转移涉及洗钱、资助恐怖主义和其他犯罪活动的特定高风险因素，特别是与旨在加强匿名性的产品、交易或技术有关的转移，包括隐私钱包、混合器或滚揉器。为确保此类转账的可追溯性，根据欧洲议会和欧洲理事会第 1093/2010 号条例 (13) (EBA) 设立的欧洲监管局（欧洲银行管理局）应特别说明加密资产服务提供商应如何考虑第 2015/849 号指令（欧盟）附件三中列出的风险因素，包括在与不受任何第三国监管、未注册或未获得许可的非欧盟实体进行交易时，或与自托管地址进行交易时。在确定存在较高风险的情况下，欧洲银行监管局应发布指导方针，明确规定义务实体应考虑采用的强化尽职调查措施，以降低此类风险，包括采用适当程序，如使用分布式分类账技术（DLT）分析工具，以检测加密资产的来源或目的地。

(18)

This Regulation should apply without prejudice to the national restrictive measures and Union restrictive measures imposed by regulations based on Article 215 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, such as Regulations (EC) No 2580/2001, (EC) No 881/2002 and (EU) No 356/2010 and Council Regulations (EU) No 267/2012 (14), (EU) 2016/1686 (15) and (EU) 2017/1509 (16), which may require that payment service providers of payers and of payees, crypto-asset service providers of originators and of beneficiaries, intermediary payment service providers, as well as intermediary crypto-asset service providers, take appropriate action to freeze certain funds and crypto-assets or that they comply with specific restrictions concerning certain transfers of funds or of crypto-assets. Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers should have in place internal policies, procedures and controls to ensure implementation of those restrictive measures, including screening measures against Union and national lists of designated persons. EBA should issue guidelines specifying those internal policies, procedures and controls. It is intended that the requirements of this Regulation on internal policies, procedures and controls related to restrictive measures will be repealed in the near future by a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing.
本条例的适用不应妨碍根据《欧盟运作条约》第 215 条制定的条例所规定的国家限制性措施和欧盟限制性措施，如第 2580/2001 号条例（欧共体）、第 881/2002 号条例（欧共体）和第 356/2010 号条例（欧盟）以及第 267/2012 号条例（欧盟）、(EC) No 881/2002 和 (EU) No 356/2010 以及理事会条例 (EU) No 267/2012 (14)、(EU) 2016/1686 (15) 和 (EU) 2017/1509 (16)、其中可能要求付款人和收款人的支付服务提供商、发端人和受益人的加密资产服务提供商、中介支付服务提供商以及中介加密资产服务提供商采取适当行动冻结某些资金和加密资产，或遵守有关某些资金或加密资产转移的特定限制。支付服务提供商和加密资产服务提供商应制定内部政策、程序和控制措施，以确保执行这些限制性措施，包括对照欧盟和各国的指定人员名单采取甄别措施。欧洲银行监管局应发布指导方针，具体说明这些内部政策、程序和控制措施。欧洲议会和欧洲理事会关于防止利用金融系统洗钱或资助恐怖主义的条例将在不久的将来废除本条例关于限制性措施的内部政策、程序和管制的规定。

(19)

The processing of personal data under this Regulation should take place in full compliance with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council (17). Further processing of personal data for commercial purposes should be strictly prohibited. The fight against money laundering and terrorist financing is recognised as an important public interest ground by all Member States. In applying this Regulation, the transfer of personal data to a third country is required to be carried out in accordance with Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2016/679. It is important that payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers operating in multiple jurisdictions with branches or subsidiaries located outside the Union should not be prevented from transferring data about suspicious transactions within the same organisation, provided that they apply adequate safeguards. In addition, the crypto-asset service providers of the originator and of the beneficiary, the payment service providers of the payer and of the payee and the intermediary payment service providers and intermediary crypto-asset service providers should have in place appropriate technical and organisational measures to protect personal data against accidental loss, alteration, or unauthorised disclosure or access.
根据本条例处理个人数据时，应完全遵守欧洲议会和欧盟理事会条例 (EU) 2016/679 (17) 的规定。应严格禁止为商业目的进一步处理个人数据。所有成员国都将打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义行为视为一项重要的公共利益。在适用本条例时，个人数据向第三国的转移必须根据（欧盟）2016/679 号条例第五章进行。重要的是，在多个司法管辖区运营的支付服务提供商和加密资产服务提供商，只要其分支机构或子公司位于欧盟以外，就不应被阻止在同一组织内传输可疑交易数据，但前提是他们必须采用适当的保障措施。此外，发端人和受益人的加密资产服务提供商、付款人和收款人的支付服务提供商以及中间支付服务提供商和中间加密资产服务提供商应采取适当的技术和组织措施，保护个人数据免遭意外丢失、篡改或未经授权的披露或访问。

(20)

Persons that merely convert paper documents into electronic data and are acting under a contract with a payment service provider, and persons that provide payment service providers solely with messaging or other support systems for transmitting funds or with clearing and settlement systems should not fall within the scope of this Regulation.
仅将纸质文件转换为电子数据并根据与支付服务提供商签订的合同行事的人，以及仅向支付服务提供商提供信息传送或其他资金传送支持系统或清算和结算系统的人，不应属于本条例的适用范围。

(21)

Persons that provide only ancillary infrastructure, such as internet network and infrastructure service providers, cloud service providers or software developers, that enables another entity to provide transfer services for crypto-assets, should not fall within the scope of this Regulation unless they perform transfers of crypto-assets.
只提供辅助基础设施的人，如互联网网络和基础设施服务提供商、云服务提供商或软件开发商，使另一个实体能够提供加密资产的转移服务，不应属于本条例的范围，除非他们进行加密资产的转移。

(22)

This Regulation should not apply to person-to-person transfers of crypto-assets conducted without the involvement of a crypto-asset service provider, or to cases where both the originator and the beneficiary are providers of transfer services for crypto-assets acting on their own behalf.
本条例不应适用于在没有加密资产服务提供商参与的情况下进行的个人对个人的加密资产转移，也不适用于发端人和受益人都是代表自己行事的加密资产转移服务提供商的情况。

(23)

Transfers of funds corresponding to services referred to in Article 3, points (a) to (m) and point (o), of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 of the European Parliament and of the Council (18) do not fall within the scope of this Regulation. It is also appropriate to exclude from the scope of this Regulation transfers of funds and of electronic money tokens, as defined in Article 3(1), point (7), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, that represent a low risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. Such exclusions should cover payment cards, electronic money instruments, mobile phones or other digital or information technology (IT) prepaid or postpaid devices with similar characteristics, where they are used exclusively for the purchase of goods or services and the number of the card, instrument or device accompanies all transfers. However, the use of a payment card, an electronic money instrument, a mobile phone or any other digital or IT prepaid or postpaid device with similar characteristics in order to effect a transfer of funds or of electronic money tokens between natural persons acting as consumers for purposes other than trade, business or professional activity, falls within the scope of this Regulation. In addition, automated teller machine withdrawals, payments of taxes, fines or other levies, transfers of funds carried out through cheque images exchanges, including truncated cheques, or bills of exchange, and transfers of funds where both the payer and the payee are payment service providers acting on their own behalf should be excluded from the scope of this Regulation.
与欧洲议会和欧盟理事会指令 (18) 第 3 条第(a)至(m)点和第(o)点所述服务相对应的资金转移不属于本条例的范围。此外，还应将洗钱或资助恐怖主义风险较低的资金转移和电子货币代币（如第 2023/1114 号条例（欧盟）第 3(1)条第(7)点所定义）排除在本条例范围之外。此类排除应包括支付卡、电子货币票据、手机或其他具有类似特征的数字或信息技术（IT）预付费或后付费设备，如果它们仅用于购买商品或服务，且所有转账均附有支付卡、票据或设备的号码。然而，使用支付卡、电子货币票据、手机或任何其他具有类似特征的数字或信息技术预付费或后付费设备，以实现作为消费者的自然人之间出于贸易、商业或专业活动以外的目的而进行的资金或电子货币代币转账，则属于本条例的适用范围。此外，自动取款机取款、支付税款、罚款或其他征费、通过支票图像交换（包括截断支票）或汇票进行的资金转移，以及付款人和收款人均为代表自己行事的支付服务提供商的资金转移，均应排除在本条例范围之外。

(24)

Crypto-assets that are unique and not fungible are not subject to the requirements of this Regulation unless they are classified as crypto-assets or funds under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114.
除非根据（欧盟）第 2023/1114 号条例被归类为加密资产或基金，否则独一无二且不可互换的加密资产不受本条例要求的约束。

(25)

Crypto-asset automated teller machines (the ‘crypto-ATMs’) can enable users to perform transfers of crypto-assets to a crypto-asset address by depositing cash, often without any form of customer identification and verification. Crypto-ATMs are particularly exposed to money laundering and terrorist financing risks because the anonymity they provide, and the possibility of operating with cash of unknown origin, make them an ideal vehicle for illicit activities. Given the role of crypto-ATMs in providing or actively facilitating transfers of crypto-assets, transfers of crypto-assets linked to crypto-ATMs should fall under the scope of this Regulation.
加密资产自动取款机（"加密自动取款机"）可以使用户通过存入现金，将加密资产转移到加密资产地址，通常不需要任何形式的客户身份识别和验证。加密自动提款机尤其面临洗钱和资助恐怖主义的风险，因为其提供的匿名性以及使用来源不明的现金进行操作的可能性，使其成为非法活动的理想工具。鉴于加密ATM在提供或积极促进加密资产转移方面的作用，与加密ATM有关的加密资产转移应属于本条例的范围。

(26)

In order to reflect the special characteristics of national payment systems, and provided that it is always possible to trace the transfer of funds back to the payer, Member States should be able to exempt from the scope of this Regulation certain domestic low-value transfers of funds, including electronic giro payments, used for the purchase of goods or services.
为了反映各国支付系统的特点，并在始终能够追溯到付款人的资金转账的前提下，会员国应能 够将某些用于购买商品或服务的国内低值资金转账，包括电子邮政储蓄卡支付，豁免于本条例的 范围之外。

(27)

Due to the inherent borderless nature and global reach of transfers of crypto-assets and of the provision of crypto-asset services, there are no objective reasons to distinguish the treatment of money laundering and terrorist financing risks of national transfers from that of cross-border transfers. In order to reflect those specific features, no exemption from the scope of this Regulation should be granted to domestic low-value transfers of crypto-assets, in line with the FATF requirement to treat all transfers of crypto-assets as cross-border.
由于转移加密资产和提供加密资产服务具有固有的无国界性质和全球范围，没有客观理由区分国内转移和跨境转移的洗钱和资助恐怖主义风险。为了反映这些具体特点，根据反洗钱金融行动特别工作组关于将所有加密资产转移视为跨境转移的要求，不应将国内低价值加密资产转移豁免于本条例的范围之外。

(28)

Payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers should ensure that the information on the payer and the payee or on the originator and the beneficiary is not missing or incomplete.
支付服务提供商和加密资产服务提供商应确保付款人和收款人或发端人和受益人的信息不遗漏或不完整。

(29)

In order not to impair the efficiency of payment systems and in order to balance the risk of driving transactions underground as a result of overly strict identification requirements against the potential terrorist threat posed by small transfers of funds, the obligation to check whether information on the payer or the payee is accurate should, in the case of transfers of funds where verification has not yet taken place, be imposed only in respect of individual transfers of funds that exceed EUR 1 000, unless the transfer appears to be linked to other transfers of funds which together would exceed EUR 1 000, the funds have been received or paid out in cash or in anonymous electronic money, or where there are reasonable grounds for suspecting money laundering or terrorist financing.
为了不损害支付系统的效率，也为了平衡因过于严格的身份验证要求而导致交易转入地下的风险与小额资金转移可能造成的恐怖主义威胁，在尚未进行核实的资金转移情况下，应履行检查付款人或收款人信息是否准确的义务、只对超过 1 000 欧元的单笔资金转移实施，除非该笔资金转移似乎与其他资金转移有关联，而这些资金转移加在一起将超过 1 000 欧元，该笔资金是以现金或匿名电子货币收付的，或有合理理由怀疑存在洗钱或资助恐怖主义行为。

(30)

Compared to transfers of funds, transfers of crypto-assets can be carried out across multiple jurisdictions at a larger scale and higher speed due to their global reach and technological characteristics. In addition to the pseudo-anonymity of crypto-assets, those features of transfers of crypto-assets offer criminals the opportunity to carry out at high speed large illicit transfers while circumventing traceability obligations and avoiding detection, by means of structuring a large transaction into smaller amounts, using multiple seemingly unrelated DLT addresses, including one-time use DLT addresses, and using automated processes. Most crypto-assets are also highly volatile and their value can fluctuate significantly within a very short timeframe which makes the calculation of linked transactions more uncertain. In order to reflect those specific features, transfers of crypto-assets should be subject to the same requirements regardless of their amount and of whether they are domestic or cross-border transfers.
与资金转移相比，加密资产转移由于其全球范围和技术特点，可以在多个法域以更大的规模和更高的速度进行。除了加密资产的假匿名性外，加密资产转账的这些特点还为犯罪分子提供了高速进行大额非法转账的机会，同时通过将大额交易结构化为较小金额、使用多个看似无关的数字签名技术地址（包括一次性使用的数字签名技术地址）以及使用自动化流程等手段，规避追踪义务并避免被发现。大多数加密资产也极不稳定，其价值可能在很短的时间内大幅波动，这使得关联交易的计算更加不确定。为了反映这些具体特点，加密资产的转移应遵守相同的要求，而不论其金额大小，也不论其是国内转移还是跨境转移。

(31)

For transfers of funds or for transfers of crypto-assets where verification is deemed to have taken place, payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers should not be required to verify the accuracy of the information on the payer or the payee accompanying each transfer of funds, or on the originator and the beneficiary accompanying each transfer of crypto-assets, provided that the obligations laid down in Directive (EU) 2015/849 are met.
对于资金转账或加密资产转账，如果认为已经进行了核查，则不应要求支付服务提供商和加密资产服务提供商核查每笔资金转账附带的付款人或收款人信息的准确性，或每笔加密资产转账附带的发端人和受益人信息的准确性，前提是必须履行指令（欧盟）2015/849规定的义务。

(32)

In view of the Union legislative acts in respect of payment services, namely Regulation (EU) No 260/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (19), Directive (EU) 2015/2366 and Regulation (EU) 2021/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council (20), it should be sufficient to provide that only simplified information accompany transfers of funds within the Union, such as the payment account number or a unique transaction identifier.
鉴于欧盟有关支付服务的立法法案，即欧洲议会和理事会(19) 第 260/2012 号条例（欧盟）、根据欧洲议会和欧盟理事会指令 (EU) 2015/2366 和条例 (EU) 2021/1230 (20) 的规定，在欧盟内部进行资金转账时，只需提供简化信息即可，例如支付账号或唯一交易标识符。

(33)

In order to allow the authorities responsible for combating money laundering or terrorist financing in third countries to trace the source of funds or crypto-assets used for those purposes, transfers of funds or transfers of crypto-assets from the Union to outside the Union should carry complete information on the payer and the payee, in respect of transfers of funds, and on the originator and the beneficiary, in respect of transfers of crypto-assets. Complete information on the payer and the payee should include the legal entity identifier (LEI), or any equivalent official identifier, where that identifier is provided by the payer to its payment service provider, since that would allow for better identification of the parties involved in a transfer of funds and could easily be included in existing payment message formats, such as that developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation for electronic data interchange between financial institutions. The authorities responsible for combating money laundering or terrorist financing in third countries should be granted access to complete information on the payer and the payee or on the originator and the beneficiary, as applicable, only for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating money laundering and terrorist financing.
为了使第三国负责打击洗钱或资助恐怖主义行为的当局能够追查用于这些目的的资金或加密资产的来源，从欧盟向欧盟以外转移资金或转移加密资产时，应提供关于资金转移的付款人和收款人的完整信息，以及关于加密资产转移的发端人和受益人的完整信息。关于付款人和收款人的完整信息应包括法律实体标识符（LEI）或任何同等的官方标识符，如果该标识符是由付款人向其支付服务提供商提供的，因为这将有助于更好地识别资金转移所涉各方，并可很容易地纳入现有的支付信息格式，如国际标准化组织为金融机构之间电子数据交换开发的格式。第三国负责打击洗钱或资助恐怖主义行为的当局应获准查阅关于付款人和收款人 或发端人和受益人的完整信息（如适用），但仅限于预防、侦查和调查洗钱和资助 恐怖主义行为的目的。

(34)

Crypto-assets exist in a borderless virtual reality and can be transferred to any crypto-asset service provider, whether or not that provider is registered in a jurisdiction. Many non-Union jurisdictions have in place rules relating to data protection and its enforcement that differ from those in the Union. When transferring crypto-assets on behalf of a client to a crypto-asset service provider that is not registered in the Union, the crypto-asset service provider of the originator should assess the ability of the crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary to receive and retain the information required under this Regulation in compliance with Regulation (EU) 2016/679, using, where appropriate, the options available in Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2016/679. The European Data Protection Board should, after consulting EBA, issue guidelines on the practical implementation of data protection requirements for transfers of personal data to third countries in the context of transfers of crypto-assets. Situations might occur where personal data cannot be sent because the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 cannot be fulfilled. EBA should issue guidelines on suitable procedures for determining whether the transfer of crypto-assets should be executed, rejected or suspended in such cases.
加密资产存在于一个无国界的虚拟现实中，可以转让给任何加密资产服务提供商，无论该提供商是否在某个辖区注册。许多非欧盟司法管辖区的数据保护和执行规则与欧盟不同。在代表客户向未在欧盟注册的加密资产服务提供商转移加密资产时，发起方的加密资产服务提供商应评估受益方的加密资产服务提供商是否有能力按照（欧盟）2016/679号条例接收和保留本条例所要求的信息，并酌情使用（欧盟）2016/679号条例第五章中的可用选项。欧洲数据保护委员会应在咨询 EBA 后，发布关于在加密资产转移背景下向第三国转移个人数据的数据保护要求的实际执行指南。可能会出现因无法满足（欧盟）2016/679 号条例的要求而无法发送个人数据的情况。欧洲银行监管局应发布指导方针，说明在这种情况下确定是否应执行、拒绝或暂停加密资产转移的适当程序。

(35)

The Member State authorities responsible for combating money laundering and terrorist financing, and relevant judicial and law enforcement authorities in the Member States and at Union level, should intensify cooperation with each other and with relevant third country authorities, including those in developing countries, in order to strengthen further transparency and the sharing of information and best practices.
负责打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义行为的成员国当局以及成员国和联盟一级的相关司法和执法当局应加强相互之间以及与相关第三国当局（包括发展中国家当局）的合作，以进一步提高透明度，加强信息和最佳做法的共享。

(36)

The crypto-asset service provider of the originator should ensure that transfers of crypto-assets are accompanied by the name of the originator, the originator’s distributed ledger address, in cases where a transfer of crypto-assets is registered on a network using DLT or similar technology, the originator’s crypto-asset account number, in cases where such an account exists and is used to process the transaction, the originator’s address including the name of the country, official personal document number and customer identification number, or, alternatively, the originator’s date and place of birth, and, subject to the existence of the necessary field in the relevant message format and where provided by the originator to its crypto-asset service provider, the current LEI or, in its absence, any other available equivalent official identifier of the originator. The information should be submitted in a secure manner and in advance of, or simultaneously or concurrently with, the transfer of crypto-assets.
发端人的加密资产服务提供商应确保加密资产的转移附有发端人的姓名、发端人的分布式分类账地址（如果加密资产的转移是在使用DLT或类似技术的网络上登记的）、发端人的加密资产账号（如果存在此类账号并用于处理交易）、发端人的地址，包括国家名称、正式个人证件号码和客户身份号码，或发端人的出生日期和地点，以及当前的 LEI，或在没有当前 LEI 的情况下，发端人的任何其他可用的等效官方标识符，但前提是相关信息格式中存在必要字段，且发端人已向其加密资产服务提供商提供了该字段。信息应以安全的方式在加密资产转移之前、同时或并行提交。

(37)

The crypto-asset service provider of the originator should also ensure that transfers of crypto-assets are accompanied by the name of the beneficiary, the beneficiary’s distributed ledger address, in cases where a transfer of crypto-assets is registered on a network using DLT or similar technology, the beneficiary’s account number, in cases where such an account exists and is used to process the transaction and, subject to the existence of the necessary field in the relevant message format and where provided by the originator to its crypto-asset service provider, the current LEI or, in its absence, any other available equivalent official identifier of the beneficiary. The information should be submitted in a secure manner and in advance of, or simultaneously or concurrently with, the transfer of crypto-assets.
发端人的加密资产服务提供商还应确保加密资产的转移附有受益人的姓名、受益人的分布式分类账地址，如果加密资产的转移是在使用DLT或类似技术的网络上登记的，则附有受益人的账号、在存在此类账户并用于处理交易的情况下，以及在相关信息格式中存在必要字段的情况下，以及在发端人向其加密资产服务提供商提供的情况下，受益人的当前 LEI 或（在没有 LEI 的情况下）任何其他可用的等效官方标识符。这些信息应以安全的方式在加密资产转移之前、同时或与加密资产转移同时提交。

(38)

Regarding transfers of crypto-assets, the requirements of this Regulation should apply to all transfers including transfers of crypto-assets to or from a self-hosted address, as long as there is a crypto-asset service provider involved.
关于加密资产的转移，只要涉及到加密资产服务提供商，本条例的要求应适用于所有转移，包括加密资产向自托管地址或从自托管地址的转移。

(39)

In the case of a transfer to or from a self-hosted address, the crypto-asset service provider should collect the information on both the originator and the beneficiary, usually from its client. A crypto-asset service provider should in principle not be required to verify the information on the user of the self-hosted address. Nonetheless, in the case of a transfer of an amount exceeding EUR 1 000 that is sent or received on behalf of a client of a crypto-asset service provider to or from a self-hosted address, that crypto-asset service provider should verify whether that self-hosted address is effectively owned or controlled by that client.
在向自托管地址转账或从该地址转账的情况下，加密资产服务提供商应收集发端人和受益人的信息，通常是从其客户那里收集。加密资产服务提供商原则上无需核实自托管地址用户的信息。不过，如果以加密资产服务提供商客户的名义向自托管地址发送或从自托管地址接收的转账金额超过 1 000 欧元，则该加密资产服务提供商应核实该自托管地址是否由该客户实际拥有或控制。

(40)

As regards transfers of funds from a single payer to several payees that are to be sent in a batch file transfer containing individual transfers from the Union to outside the Union, provision should be made for such individual transfers to carry only the payment account number of the payer or the unique transaction identifier, as well as complete information on the payee, provided that the batch file contains complete information on the payer that is verified for accuracy and complete information on the payee that is fully traceable.
关于一个付款人向几个收款人的资金转账，如果是以批量文件传输的方式发送，其中包含从联盟向联盟外的单笔转账，则应规定此类单笔转账只携带付款人的付款账号或独特的交易识别码，以及收款人的完整信息，前提是批量文件包含经核实准确无误的付款人的完整信息和完全可追踪的收款人的完整信息。

(41)

As regards batch file transfers of crypto-assets, the submission of information on the originator and beneficiary in batches should be accepted, as long as that submission occurs immediately and securely. It should not be permitted to submit the required information after the transfer, as submission must occur before or at the moment the transaction is completed, and crypto-asset service providers or other obliged entities should submit the required information simultaneously with the batch file transfer of crypto-assets.
关于加密资产的批量文件传输，应接受分批提交关于发端人和受益人的信息，只要这种提交是立即和安全地进行的。不允许在转账后提交所需信息，因为必须在交易完成前或交易完成时提交，加密资产服务提供商或其他有义务的实体应在加密资产批量文件传输的同时提交所需信息。

(42)

In order to check whether the required information on the payer and the payee accompanies transfers of funds, and to help identify suspicious transactions, the payment service provider of the payee and the intermediary payment service provider should have effective procedures in place to detect whether information on the payer and the payee is missing or incomplete. Those procedures should include monitoring after or during the transfers where appropriate. Competent authorities should ensure that payment service providers include the required transaction information with the wire transfer or related message throughout the payment chain.
为了检查资金转账是否附有关于付款人和收款人的必要信息，并帮助识别可疑 交易，收款人的支付服务提供商和中间支付服务提供商应制定有效程序，以发现付 款人和收款人的信息是否丢失或不完整。这些程序应酌情包括在转账后或转账过程中进行监测。主管当局应确保支付服务提供商在电汇或整个支付链的相关信息中包括所需的交易信息。

(43)

As regards transfers of crypto-assets, the crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary should implement effective procedures to detect whether the information on the originator or beneficiary is missing or incomplete. Those procedures should include, where appropriate, monitoring after or during the transfers. It should not be required that the information is attached directly to the transfer of crypto-assets itself, as long as it is submitted in advance of, or simultaneously or concurrently with, the transfer of crypto-assets, and is available upon request to appropriate authorities.
关于加密资产的转移，受益人的加密资产服务提供商应实施有效程序，以检测有关发端人或受益人的信息是否丢失或不完整。这些程序应酌情包括在转移之后或期间进行监测。不应要求信息直接附于加密资产转让本身，只要信息在加密资产转让之前、同时或并行提交，并可应要求提供给有关当局即可。

(44)

Given the potential threat of money laundering and terrorist financing presented by anonymous transfers, it is appropriate to require payment service providers to request information on the payer and the payee and to require crypto-asset service providers to request information on the originator and the beneficiary. In line with the risk-based approach developed by FATF, it is appropriate to identify areas of higher and lower risk, with a view to better targeting the risk of money laundering and terrorist financing. Accordingly, the crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary, the payment service provider of the payee, the intermediary payment service provider and the intermediary crypto-asset service provider should have effective risk-based procedures that apply where a transfer of funds lacks the required information on the payer or the payee, or where a transfer of crypto-assets lacks the required information on the originator or the beneficiary, in order to allow that service provider to decide whether to execute, reject or suspend that transfer and to determine the appropriate follow-up action to take.
鉴于匿名转账可能带来洗钱和资助恐怖主义的威胁，要求支付服务提供商 索取付款人和收款人的信息以及要求加密资产服务提供商索取发端人和受益人的 信息是适当的。根据反洗钱金融行动特别工作组制定的基于风险的方法，宜确定风险较高和较低的领域，以便更好地针对洗钱和资助恐怖主义的风险。因此，受益人的加密资产服务提供商、收款人的支付服务提供商、中间支付服务提供商和中间加密资产服务提供商应制定有效的基于风险的程序，适用于资金转移缺乏关于付款人或收款人的必要信息，或加密资产转移缺乏关于发端人或受益人的必要信息的情况，以便该服务提供商决定是否执行、拒绝或暂停该转移，并决定采取适当的后续行动。

(45)

Crypto-asset service providers, like all obliged entities, should assess and monitor the risk related to their clients, products and delivery channels. Crypto-asset service providers should also assess the risk related to their transactions, including where performing transfers to or from self-hosted addresses. In the event that the crypto-asset service provider is or becomes aware that the information on the originator or beneficiary using the self-hosted address is inaccurate, or where the crypto-asset service provider encounters unusual or suspicious patterns of transactions or situations of higher risks of money laundering and terrorist financing associated with transfers involving self-hosted addresses, that crypto-asset service provider should implement, where appropriate, enhanced due diligence measures to manage and mitigate the risks appropriately. The crypto-asset service provider should take those circumstances into account when assessing whether a transfer of crypto-assets, or any related transaction, is unusual and whether it is to be reported to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) in accordance with Directive (EU) 2015/849.
与所有义务实体一样，加密资产服务提供商应评估和监测与其客户、产品和交付渠道有关的风险。加密资产服务提供商还应评估与其交易有关的风险，包括向自托管地址或从自托管地址进行转账的风险。如果加密资产服务提供商发现或意识到使用自托管地址的发端人或受益人的信息不准确，或加密资产服务提供商遇到不寻常或可疑的交易模式，或与涉及自托管地址的转账有关的洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险较高的情况，该加密资产服务提供商应酌情实施强化尽职调查措施，以适当管理和减轻风险。加密资产服务提供商在评估加密资产转移或任何相关交易是否异常以及是否应根据（欧盟）第2015/849号指令向金融情报机构报告时，应考虑到这些情况。

(46)

This Regulation should be reviewed in the context of the adoption of a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the mechanisms to be put in place by the Member States for the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing and repealing Directive (EU) 2015/849 and a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism and amending Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010, (EU) No 1094/2010, (EU) No 1095/2010, in order to ensure consistency with the relevant provisions.
在通过欧洲议会和欧洲理事会关于防止利用金融系统洗钱或资助恐怖主义的条例时，应审查本条例、欧洲议会和欧洲理事会关于成员国为防止金融系统被用于洗钱或资助恐怖主义目的而设立的机制的指令，并废除(欧盟)第 2015/849 号指令和欧洲议会和欧洲理事会关于设立反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义行为管理局的条例，并修订(欧盟)第 1093/2010 号、(欧盟)第 1094/2010 号和(欧盟)第 1095/2010 号条例，以确保与相关规定保持一致。

(47)

When assessing the risks, the payment service provider of the payee, the intermediary payment service provider, the crypto-asset service provider of the beneficiary or the intermediary crypto-asset service provider should exercise special vigilance where it becomes aware that information on the payer or the payee or on the originator or the beneficiary, as applicable, is missing or incomplete, or where a transfer of crypto-assets is required to be considered suspicious based on the origin or destination of the crypto-assets concerned, and should report suspicious transactions to the competent authorities in accordance with the reporting obligations set out in Directive (EU) 2015/849.
在评估风险时，收款人的支付服务提供商、中间支付服务提供商、收款人的加密资产服务提供商或中间加密资产服务提供商如发现有关付款人或收款人或发端人或收款人的信息缺失或不完整，或根据有关加密资产的来源或目的地需要将其视为可疑交易，应特别保持警惕、如果意识到付款人或收款人或发端人或受益人的信息缺失或不完整，或者根据相关加密资产的来源或目的地，需要将加密资产的转移视为可疑交易，则应根据（欧盟）第 2015/849 号指令规定的报告义务向主管当局报告可疑交易。

(48)

Similar to transfers of funds between payment service providers, transfers of crypto-assets involving intermediary crypto-asset service providers might facilitate transfers as an intermediate element in a chain of transfers of crypto-assets. In line with international standards, such intermediary providers should also be subject to the requirements set out in this Regulation, in the same way as existing obligations on intermediary payment service providers.
与支付服务提供商之间的资金转移类似，涉及中间加密资产服务提供商的加密资产转移可能会作为加密资产转移链中的一个中间环节促进转移。根据国际标准，此类中介服务提供商也应遵守本条例规定的要求，与中介支付服务提供商的现有义务相同。

(49)

The provisions on transfers of funds and transfers of crypto-assets in relation to which information on the payer or the payee or the originator or the beneficiary is missing or incomplete, and in relation to which transfers of crypto-assets are required to be considered suspicious based on the origin or destination of the crypto-assets concerned, apply without prejudice to any obligations on payment service providers, intermediary payment service providers, crypto-asset service providers and intermediary crypto-asset service providers to reject or suspend transfers of funds and transfers of crypto-assets which breach a provision of civil, administrative or criminal law.
关于付款人或收款人或发端人或受益人信息缺失或不完整的资金转移和加密资产转移的规定，以及根据有关加密资产的来源或目的地必须将其视为可疑的加密资产转移的规定、在不影响支付服务提供商、中介支付服务提供商、加密资产服务提供商和中介加密资产服务提供商拒绝或暂停违反民事、行政或刑事法律规定的资金转账和加密资产转账的义务的情况下适用。

(50)

In order to ensure technology neutrality, this Regulation should not mandate the use of a particular technology for the transfer of transaction information by crypto-asset service providers. To ensure the efficient implementation of requirements applicable to crypto-asset service providers under this Regulation, standard-setting initiatives involving or led by the crypto-asset industry will be critical. The resulting solutions should be interoperable through the use of international or Union-wide standards in order to allow for a swift exchange of information.
为确保技术中立性，本条例不应强制要求加密资产服务提供商使用特定技术传输交易信息。为确保高效执行本条例中适用于加密资产服务提供商的要求，由加密资产行业参与或主导的标准制定举措至关重要。由此产生的解决方案应通过使用国际或全联盟标准实现互操作性，以便迅速交换信息。

(51)

With the aim of assisting payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers to put effective procedures in place to detect cases in which they receive transfers of funds or transfers of crypto-assets with missing or incomplete information on the payer, payee, originator or beneficiary and to take effective follow-up action, EBA should issue guidelines.
为协助支付服务提供商和加密资产服务提供商制定有效程序，以发现其收到的资金转移或加密资产转移中存在付款人、收款人、发端人或受益人信息缺失或不完整的情况，并采取有效的后续行动，欧洲银行监管局应发布指导方针。

(52)

To enable prompt action to be taken in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing, payment service providers and crypto-asset service providers should respond promptly to requests for information on the payer and the payee or on the originator and the beneficiary from the authorities responsible for combating money laundering or terrorist financing in the Member State where those payment service providers are established or where those crypto-asset service providers have their registered office.
为了能够在打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义的斗争中迅速采取行动，支付服务提供商和加密资产服务提供商应迅速回应这些支付服务提供商所在成员国或这些加密资产服务提供商注册办事处所在成员国负责打击洗钱或资助恐怖主义的当局提出的关于付款人和收款人或发端人和受益人的信息要求。

(53)

The number of working days elapsing in the Member State of the payment service provider of the payer determines the number of days to respond to requests for information on the payer.
付款人的支付服务提供商所在成员国的工作日数决定了对有关付款人的信息请求做出答复的天数。

(54)

As it may not be possible in criminal investigations to identify the data required or the individuals involved in a transaction until many months, or even years, after the original transfer of funds or transfer of crypto-assets, and in order to be able to have access to essential evidence in the context of investigations, it is appropriate to require payment service providers or crypto-asset service providers to keep records of information on the payer and the payee or the originator and the beneficiary for a period of time for the purposes of preventing, detecting and investigating money laundering and terrorist financing. That period should be limited to five years, after which all personal data should be deleted unless national law provides otherwise. If necessary for the purposes of preventing, detecting or investigating money laundering or terrorist financing, and after carrying out an assessment of the necessity and proportionality of the measure, Member States should be able to allow or require retention of records for a further period of no more than five years, without prejudice to national criminal law on evidence applicable to ongoing criminal investigations and legal proceedings and in full compliance with Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council (21). Those measures could be reviewed in light of the adoption of a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing.
由于在刑事调查中，可能在最初的资金转移或加密资产转移之后数月甚至数 年才能确定交易中所需的数据或所涉及的个人，为了能够在调查中获得基本证 据，应要求支付服务提供商或加密资产服务提供商为预防、侦查和调查洗钱和资 助恐怖主义行为的目的，在一段时间内保存关于付款人和收款人或发端人和受益 人的信息记录。这一时期应限制在五年之内，五年之后应删除所有个人资料，除非国家法律另有规定。如果出于预防、侦查或调查洗钱或资助恐怖主义行为的目的有必要，并在对措施的 必要性和相称性进行评估之后，会员国应能够允许或要求将记录再保留不超过五年、不影响适用于正在进行的刑事调查和法律诉讼的国家证据刑法，并完全符合欧洲议会和理事会指令（欧盟）2016/680 (21) 的规定。这些措施可根据欧洲议会和理事会通过的关于防止利用金融系统洗钱或资助恐怖主义的条例进行审查。

(55)

In order to improve compliance with this Regulation, and in accordance with the Commission Communication of 9 December 2010 entitled ‘Reinforcing sanctioning regimes in the financial services sector’, the power to adopt supervisory measures and the sanctioning powers of competent authorities should be enhanced. Administrative sanctions and measures should be provided for and, given the importance of the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing, Member States should lay down sanctions and measures that are effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States should notify the Commission and the permanent internal committee on anti-money-laundering and countering terrorist financing referred to in Article 9a(7) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 thereof.
为了更好地遵守本条例，并根据委员会 2010 年 12 月 9 日题为 "加强金融服务部门制裁制度 "的通函，应加强主管当局采取监督措施的权力和制裁权力。应规定行政处罚和措施，鉴于打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义的重要性，会员国应规定有效、适度和劝阻性的制裁和措施。成员国应向欧盟委员会和(欧盟)第 1093/2010 号条例第 9a(7)条所述反洗钱和打击 资助恐怖主义行为常设内部委员会通报有关情况。

(56)

In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Regulation, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (22).
为确保本条例的统一实施条件，应赋予欧盟委员会实施权。这些权力应根据欧洲议会和欧洲理事会第 182/2011 号条例(22) 行使。

(57)

A number of countries and territories which do not form part of the territory of the Union share a monetary union with a Member State, form part of the currency area of a Member State or have signed a monetary convention with the Union represented by a Member State, and have payment service providers that participate directly or indirectly in the payment and settlement systems of that Member State. In order to avoid the application of this Regulation to transfers of funds between the Member States concerned and those countries or territories having a significant negative effect on the economies of those countries or territories, it is appropriate to provide for the possibility for such transfers of funds to be treated as transfers of funds within the Member States concerned.
一些不属于联盟领土的国家和地区与一个成员国共享一个货币联盟，构成一个成员国货币区的一部分，或与一个成员国所代表的联盟签署了货币公约，并有支付服务提供者直接或间接参与该成员国的支付和结算系统。为避免本条例适用于有关成员国与这些国家或地区之间的资金转移，从而对这些国家或地区的经济产生重大负面影响，宜规定可将此类资金转移视为有关成员国内部的资金转移。

(58)

Given the potential high risks associated with, and the technological and regulatory complexity posed by, self-hosted addresses, including in relation to the verification of ownership information, by 1 July 2026, the Commission should assess the need for additional specific measures to mitigate the risks posed by transfers to or from self-hosted addresses or to or from entities not established in the Union, including the introduction of possible restrictions, and should assess the effectiveness and proportionality of the mechanisms used to verify the accuracy of information concerning the ownership of self-hosted addresses.
鉴于与自托管地址相关的潜在高风险，以及自托管地址在技术和监管方面的复杂性，包括与所有权信息核查相关的复杂性，到 2026 年 7 月 1 日，欧盟委应评估是否需要采取更多具体措施，以降低向自托管地址或从自托管地址或向非欧盟境内实体的转账所带来的风险，包括引入可能的限制，并应评估用于核查自托管地址所有权信息准确性的机制的有效性和相称性。

(59)

At present, Directive (EU) 2015/849 only applies to two categories of crypto-asset service providers, namely, custodial wallet providers and providers engaged in exchange services between virtual currencies and fiat currencies. In order to close existing loopholes in the anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing framework and to align Union law with international recommendations, Directive (EU) 2015/849 should be amended to include all categories of crypto-asset service providers as defined in Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, which covers a broader range of crypto-asset service providers. In particular, with a view to ensuring that crypto-asset service providers are subject to the same requirements and level of supervision as credit and financial institutions, it is appropriate to update the list of obliged entities by including crypto-asset service providers within the category of financial institutions for the purpose of Directive (EU) 2015/849. In addition, taking into account that traditional financial institutions also fall within the definition of crypto-asset service providers when offering such services, the identification of crypto-asset service providers as financial institutions allows for a single consistent set of rules that applies to entities providing both traditional financial services and crypto-asset services. Directive (EU) 2015/849 should also be amended in order to ensure that crypto-asset service providers are able to appropriately mitigate the money laundering and terrorist financing risks to which they are exposed.
目前，第（欧盟）2015/849号指令仅适用于两类加密资产服务提供商，即托管钱包提供商和从事虚拟货币与法定货币之间兑换服务的提供商。为了堵塞反洗钱和反恐融资框架中的现有漏洞，并使欧盟法律与国际建议保持一致，应修订第（欧盟）2015/849号指令，以纳入第（欧盟）2023/1114号条例所定义的所有类别的加密资产服务提供商，该条例涵盖了更广泛的加密资产服务提供商。特别是，为了确保加密资产服务提供商受到与信贷和金融机构相同的要求和水平的监管，应更新义务实体清单，将加密资产服务提供商纳入第 2015/849 号指令（欧盟）所指的金融机构类别。此外，考虑到传统金融机构在提供此类服务时也属于加密资产服务提供商的定义范围，将加密资产服务提供商确定为金融机构可使一套统一的规则同时适用于提供传统金融服务和加密资产服务的实体。还应修订第 2015/849 号指令（欧盟），以确保加密资产服务提供商能够适当降低其面临的洗钱和资助恐怖主义风险。

(60)

Relationships established between crypto-asset service providers and entities established in third countries for the purpose of executing transfers of crypto-assets or the provision of similar crypto-asset services present similarities to correspondent banking relationships established with a third country’s respondent institution. As those relationships are characterised by an ongoing and repetitive nature, they should be considered a type of correspondent relationship and be subject to specific enhanced due diligence measures similar in principle to those applied in the context of banking and financial services. In particular, crypto-asset service providers should, when establishing a new correspondent relationship with a respondent entity, apply specific enhanced due diligence measures in order to identify and assess the risk exposure of that respondent, based on its reputation, the quality of supervision and its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML/CFT) controls. Based on the information gathered, the correspondent crypto-asset service providers should implement appropriate risk mitigating measures, which should take into account in particular the potential higher risk of money laundering and terrorist financing posed by unregistered and unlicensed entities. That is especially relevant as long as the implementation of the FATF standards relating to crypto-assets at global level remains uneven, which poses additional risks and challenges. EBA should provide guidance on how crypto-asset service providers should conduct the enhanced due diligence and should specify the appropriate risk mitigating measures, including the minimum action to be taken, when interacting with unregistered or unlicensed entities which provide crypto-asset services.
加密资产服务提供商与在第三国设立的实体之间为执行加密资产转移或提供类似加密资产服务而建立的关系与与第三国答辩机构建立的代理银行业务关系有相似之处。由于这些关系具有持续性和重复性的特点，因此应将其视为一种代理关系，并对其采取原则上与银行和金融服务类似的具体强化尽职调查措施。特别是，加密资产服务提供商在与被申请人实体建立新的代理关系时，应采用具体的强化尽职调查措施，以便根据被申请人的声誉、监管质量及其反洗钱和反恐融资控制措施，确定和评估其面临的风险。根据收集到的信息，代理加密资产服务提供商应采取适当的风险缓解措施，其中应特别考虑到未注册和未获许可的实体可能带来更高的洗钱和资助恐怖主义风险。只要金融行动特别工作组有关加密资产的标准在全球范围内的执行情况仍不平衡，这一点就尤为重要，因为这会带来额外的风险和挑战。欧洲银行监管局应提供指导，说明加密资产服务提供商应如何进行强化尽职调查，并应明确规定适当的风险缓解措施，包括在与提供加密资产服务的未注册或未获许可实体互动时应采取的最低限度行动。

(61)

Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 has established a comprehensive regulatory framework for crypto-asset service providers which harmonises the rules pertaining to the authorisation and operation of crypto-asset service providers across the Union. In order to avoid duplication of requirements, Directive (EU) 2015/849 should be amended to remove registration requirements in relation to those categories of crypto-asset service providers which will become subject to a single licensing regime under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114.
第（欧盟）2023/1114 号条例为加密资产服务提供商建立了一个全面的监管框架，该框架统一了与加密资产服务提供商在欧盟范围内的授权和运营有关的规则。为了避免重复要求，应修订第（欧盟）2015/849号指令，以取消与根据第（欧盟）2023/1114号条例将受单一许可制度管辖的加密资产服务提供商类别有关的注册要求。

(62)

Since the objectives of this Regulation, namely to fight money laundering and the financing of terrorism, including by implementing international standards and by ensuring the availability of basic information on payers and payees of transfer of funds, and on originators and beneficiaries of transfers of crypto-assets, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of the scale or effects of the action, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
由于本条例的目标，即打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义，包括通过执行国际标准和确保提供关于资金转移的付款人和受款人以及关于加密资产转移的发起人和受益人的基本信息，无法由成员国充分实现，而是由于行动的规模或影响，可以在欧盟一级更好地实现，欧盟可以根据《欧洲联盟条约》第5条规定的辅助性原则采取措施。根据该条规定的相称性原则，本条例不超越实现这些目标所必需的范围。

(63)

This Regulation is subject to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council (23). It respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular the right to respect for private and family life (Article 7), the right to the protection of personal data (Article 8), the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial (Article 47) and the principle of ne bis in idem.
本条例受欧洲议会和欧洲理事会第2016/679号条例和第2018/1725号条例(23) 约束。它尊重基本权利并遵守《欧洲联盟基本权利宪章》认可的原则，特别是尊重私人和家庭生活的权利（第7条）、保护个人数据的权利（第8条）、获得有效补救和公平审判的权利（第47条）以及一罪不二审原则。

(64)

In order to ensure consistency with Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, this Regulation should apply from the date of application of that Regulation. By that date, Member States should also transpose the amendments to Directive (EU) 2015/849.
为确保与第 2023/1114 号条例（欧盟）保持一致，本条例应自该条例实施之日起适用。在该日期之前，成员国还应将指令 (EU) 2015/849 的修正案纳入其中。

(65)

The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 42(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 and delivered an opinion on 22 September 2021 (24),
根据第 2018/1725 号条例（欧盟）第 42(1)条的规定，欧洲数据保护监督员接受了咨询，并于 2021 年 9 月 22 日 (24) 发表了意见、