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VALD

FORCEDECKS 强制甲板

DUAL FORCE PLATE SYSTEM 双重力板系统

User Guide 用户指南

Understanding force plate analysis, testing protocols, and metrics.
理解力板分析、测试协议和指标。
November 2023 2023 年 11 月

Contents 内容

0
1 Introduction … 4
1 引言 … 4
1.1 Understanding Force Plate Data … 4
1.1 理解力板数据 … 4
1.2 Understanding Force Derivatives … 5
1.2 理解力导数 … 5
1.3 Understanding Key Moments and Phases … 6
1.3 理解关键时刻和阶段 … 6
2 Test Types … 7
2 测试类型 … 7
2.1 Countermovement Jump (CMJ) … 9
2.1 反向跳跃 (CMJ) … 9
2.1.1 Protocol … 10
2.1.1 方案 … 10
2.1.2 Key Moments and Phases … 13
2.1.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 13
2.1.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 15
2.1.3 常用指标 … 15
2.2 Countermovement Rebound Jump (CMRJ) … 16
2.2 反向反弹跳（CMRJ）… 16
2.2.1 Protocol … 17
2.2.1 方案 … 17
2.2.2 Key Moments and Phases … 19
2.2.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 19
2.2.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 21
2.2.3 常用指标 … 21
2.3 Squat Jump (SJ) … 22
2.3 深蹲跳 (SJ) … 22
2.3.1 Protocol … 23
2.3.1 方案 … 23
2.3.2 Key Moments and Phases … 26
2.3.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 26
2.3.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 28
2.3.3 常用指标 … 28
2.4 Drop Jump (DJ) … 29
2.4 跳落跳 (DJ) … 29
2.4.1 Protocol … 30
2.4.1 方案 … 30
2.4.2 Key Moments and Phases … 34
2.4.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 34
2.4.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 36
2.4.3 常用指标 … 36
2.5 Squat Assessment (SQT) … 37
2.5 深蹲评估 (SQT) … 37
2.5.1 Protocol … 38
2.5.1 方案 … 38
2.5.2 Key Moments and Phases … 42
2.5.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 42
2.5.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 44
2.5.3 常用指标 … 44
2.6 Hop Test (HT) … 45
2.6 跳跃测试 (HT) … 45
2.6.1 Protocol … 46
2.6.1 方案 … 46
2.6.2 Key Moments and Phases … 50
2.6.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 50
2.6.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 52
2.6.3 常用指标 … 52
2.7 Land and Hold (LAH) … 53
2.7 土地和保持 (LAH) … 53
2.7.1 Protocol … 54
2.7.1 方案 … 54
2.7.2 Key Moments and Phases … 57
2.7.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 57
2.7.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 57
2.7.3 常用指标 … 57
2.8 Quiet Stand (QSB) … 58
2.8 安静站 (QSB) … 58
2.8.1 Protocol … 59
2.8.1 方案 … 59
2.8.2 Key Moments and Phases … 60
2.8.2 关键时刻和阶段 … 60
2.8.3 Commonly Used Metrics … 61
2.8.3 常用指标 … 61
2.9 Isometric Test (ISOT) … 62
2.9 等长测试 (ISOT) … 62
2.9.1 Protocol … 64
2.9.1 方案 … 64
2.9.2 Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Protocol … 68
2.9.2 等长中大腿拉力协议 … 68
2.9.3 Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Protocol … 69
2.9.3 等长中大腿拉力协议 … 69
2.9.4 Key Moments and Phases … 70
2.9.4 关键时刻和阶段 … 70
2.9.5 Commonly Used Metrics … 71
2.9.5 常用指标 … 71
2.10 General Force-Time Analysis (GFTA) … 72
2.10 一般力-时间分析 (GFTA) … 72
2.10.1 Protocol … 73
2.10.1 方案 … 73
3 Example Applications … 74
3 示例应用 … 74
3.1 General Considerations … 74
3.1 一般考虑 … 74
3.1.1 Evaluation Stage - Choosing Tests and Metrics … 74
3.1.1 评估阶段 - 选择测试和指标 … 74
3.1.2 Individualization: Personalizing the Assessment based on Need … 76
3.1.2 个体化：根据需求个性化评估 … 76
3.2 Profiling … 78
3.2 轮廓 … 78
3.2.1 Profiling for Improved Performance … 80
3.2.1 为提高性能的分析 … 80
3.2.2 Controlling Test Protocols … 82
3.2.2 控制测试协议 … 82
3.2.3 Defining Best Results … 82
3.2.3 定义最佳结果 … 82
3.2.4 Frequency of Testing … 83
3.2.4 测试频率 … 83
3.2.5 Standardizing Test Protocols - Checklist before starting … 84
3.2.5 标准化测试协议 - 开始前的检查清单 … 84
3.2.6 Test Delivery Considerations … 85
3.2.6 测试交付考虑事项 … 85
3.3 Reviewing Results: Key considerations … 85
3.3 审查结果：关键考虑因素…… 85
3.3.1 Balance vs. Asymmetry Profiling … 86
3.3.1 平衡与不对称分析 … 86
3.4 Program Design/Intervention … 87
3.4 程序设计/干预 … 87
3.4.1 Return to Play/Full Function … 88
3.4.1 复出/完全功能 … 88
3.4.2 Pre-Injury Baseline Data … 89
3.4.2 受伤前基线数据 … 89
3.5 Monitoring … 95
3.5 监测 … 95
3.5.1 Monitoring Training Adaptations … 96
3.5.1 监测训练适应 … 96
3.4.2 Monitoring Fatigue … 97
3.4.2 监测疲劳 … 97
3.6 Re-evaluate Progress or Completion of Intervention? … 100
3.6 重新评估干预的进展或完成情况？ … 100
Glossary … 101 术语表 … 101
References … 104 参考文献 … 104
Appendices … 106 附录 … 106

1 Introduction 1 引言

This document aims to provide health and performance professionals with an understanding of force plate testing and analysis, including the calculations and metrics used by ForceDecks, as well as common applications.
本文件旨在为健康和表现专业人士提供对力板测试和分析的理解，包括 ForceDecks 使用的计算和指标，以及常见应用。
This document assumes the reader has a basic knowledge of how to use ForceDecks, including setting up the hardware and software, managing individual profiles, running tests, and generating reports. To get up to speed on these processes, check out the ForceDecks Starter’s Guide ForceDecks - VALD Knowledge Base
本文件假设读者对如何使用 ForceDecks 有基本了解，包括设置硬件和软件、管理个人档案、运行测试和生成报告。要了解这些流程，请查看 ForceDecks 入门指南 ForceDecks - VALD 知识库。

1.1 Understanding Force Plate Data
1.1 理解力板数据

A force plate can be thought of as a weighing scale, but instead of recording a single weight, a force plate records force values constantly over time (in ForceDecks’ case, up to 1,000 times every second) and plots that data on a graph. The sole purpose of the hardware is to accurately capture exact forces at exact time points, while the software performs analysis by applying algorithms to that data and automatically reporting its results. Though it is possible to manually perform this in Excel, the primary benefits of ForceDecks are:
力板可以被视为一个称重秤，但它记录的不是单一的重量，而是随着时间不断记录的力值（在 ForceDecks 的情况下，每秒高达 1000 次）并将这些数据绘制在图表上。该硬件的唯一目的是在确切的时间点准确捕捉确切的力，而软件则通过对这些数据应用算法进行分析并自动报告结果。尽管在 Excel 中手动执行这一操作是可能的，但 ForceDecks 的主要优势是：
  1. ForceDecks allows people access to information that they may not know how to edit and calculate themselves, thus eliminating the need for specific training and experience to manually calculate values of interest; and
    ForceDecks 使人们能够访问他们可能不知道如何自己编辑和计算的信息，从而消除了手动计算感兴趣值所需的特定培训和经验
  2. ForceDecks exponentially speeds up data processing and greatly supports those who work in high pressure and/or time-sensitive environments, such as in elite sport or clinical practice.
    ForceDecks 以指数级速度加快数据处理，并大大支持在高压和/或时间敏感环境中工作的人，如精英体育或临床实践。
To understand force plate data, it should be acknowledged that force plates directly measure only two things: force and time. In turn, these force and time values are what allow for the calculation of a host of other derivatives and metrics based on known physics principles, however these additional derivatives and metrics are calculated, not directly measured.
要理解力板数据，应当承认力板仅直接测量两样东西：力和时间。反过来，这些力和时间值使得基于已知物理原理计算一系列其他导数和指标成为可能，然而这些额外的导数和指标是计算得出的，而不是直接测量的。
Understanding how force and time underpin all force plate data will help users identify improper testing procedures and ensure greater validity and reliability. For example, if bodyweight is captured while the individual is unstable on a force plate, then their bodyweight will likely be recorded inaccurately. Subsequently, given that acceleration calculations are reliant on bodyweight, the downstream calculations of displacement and power will also be incorrect, thus demonstrating how one poor protocol can affect a host of other results. This can have significant ramifications across a dataset, making it less reliable and/or applicable in practice.
理解力量和时间如何支撑所有力量板数据将帮助用户识别不当的测试程序，并确保更大的有效性和可靠性。例如，如果在个体在力量板上不稳定时捕获体重，那么他们的体重可能会被不准确地记录。因此，由于加速度计算依赖于体重，位移和功率的下游计算也将不正确，从而表明一个不良的协议如何影响一系列其他结果。这可能对整个数据集产生重大影响，使其在实践中变得不那么可靠和/或适用。

1.2 Understanding Force Derivatives
1.2 理解力导数

ForceDecks provides a host of information on a range of metrics, all of which are derived from simple underlying measurements. At a fundamental level, all force plates measure two things directly:
ForceDecks 提供了一系列指标的信息，这些指标均来源于简单的基础测量。从根本上讲，所有的力板直接测量两个方面：
  • Force (F); and 力 (F); 和
  • Time (t) 时间 (t)
From these two measurements and the known acceleration of gravity (g), ForceDecks uses Forward Dynamics and Newton’s Laws to calculate a host of other derivatives such as:
根据这两个测量值和已知的重力加速度（g），ForceDecks 使用前向动力学和牛顿定律计算一系列其他导数，例如：
  • Body Mass (BM) = F ÷ g = F ÷ g =F-:g=F \div g 体重 (BM) = F ÷ g = F ÷ g =F-:g=F \div g
  • Impulse (Imp) = F × t = F × t =F xx t=F \times t 冲动 (Imp) = F × t = F × t =F xx t=F \times t
  • Acceleration (a) = ( F − B W ) ÷ m = ( F − B W ) ÷ m =(F-BW)-:m=(F-B W) \div m 加速度 (a) = ( F − B W ) ÷ m = ( F − B W ) ÷ m =(F-BW)-:m=(F-B W) \div m
  • Velocity ( V ) = v 0 + a . t ( V ) = v 0 + a . t (V)=v_(0)+a.t(\mathrm{V})=v_{0}+a . t 速度 ( V ) = v 0 + a . t ( V ) = v 0 + a . t (V)=v_(0)+a.t(\mathrm{V})=v_{0}+a . t
  • Power ( P ) = F . v Power ( P ) = F . v quad Power(P)=F.v\quad \operatorname{Power}(\mathrm{P})=F . v
  • quad\quad Change in Displacement ( S ) = v . t ( S ) = v . t (S)=v.t(\mathrm{S})=v . t
    quad\quad 位移变化 ( S ) = v . t ( S ) = v . t (S)=v.t(\mathrm{S})=v . t
In ForceDecks Raw Data view, these derivatives are color-coded to assist with readability. Any one of them can be toggled on/off by clicking on its name in the legend at the bottom of the graph.
在 ForceDecks 原始数据视图中，这些衍生物被颜色编码以帮助可读性。可以通过点击图表底部图例中的名称来切换它们的显示状态。

1.3 Understanding Key Moments and Phases
1.3 理解关键时刻和阶段

ForceDecks records raw time-series data for each of these derivatives, which in turn are used to identify key moments and phases such as:
ForceDecks 记录每个衍生品的原始时间序列数据，这些数据用于识别关键时刻和阶段，例如：
Key Moment examples: 关键时刻示例：
Start of Movement (SoM); 运动开始 (SoM);
Start of max Rate of Force Development (RFD);
最大力量发展速率（RFD）开始时；
Takeoff; 起飞；
Landing; and 着陆；和
  • End of Movement Phase (EoM) examples:
    运动阶段结束（EoM）示例：
Eccentric phase; 偏心相位；
Braking Phase; 制动阶段；
Deceleration Phase; and 减速阶段；并且
Concentric Phase. 同心相位。
Start of Movement Analysis:
运动分析开始：
Start of Movement (SoM) is the moment when ForceDecks detects that the rep being conducted has begun. ForceDecks default method is 20 N for every test, however it is customizable for the following test types:
运动开始时刻（SoM）是 ForceDecks 检测到正在进行的重复开始的时刻。ForceDecks 的默认方法是每个测试 20 N，但可以根据以下测试类型进行自定义：
  • Countermovement Jump 反向跳跃
  • Countermovement Jump - Loaded
    反向跳跃 - 加载
  • Squat Jump 深蹲跳
  • Squat Jump - Loaded
    深蹲跳 - 加重
  • Abalakov Jump 阿巴拉科夫跳
  • Single Leg Jump 单腿跳
See this article for Customize Start of Movement Analysis.
请参阅本文以自定义运动分析的开始。
In ForceDecks Raw Data view, key moments are labelled, and phases are shaded to assist with readability. Key moments can be toggled on/off by clicking on ‘Labels’ in the legend at the bottom of the graph.
在 ForceDecks 原始数据视图中，关键时刻被标记，阶段被阴影处理以帮助可读性。可以通过点击图表底部图例中的“标签”来切换关键时刻的显示。

2 Test Types 2 种测试类型

Test Types 测试类型 Descriptions 描述 Other Test Types in this Category
此类别中的其他测试类型		 Pros 优点 Cons 缺点 Page Number 页码
Countermovement Jump (CMJ)
反向跳跃 (CMJ)		 Jump for maximum height with hands on hips.
双手放在臀部，跳到最高点。

- quad\quad 单腿跳(SLJ) - 加载反向跳(LCMJ) - 阿巴拉科夫跳(ABCMJ)
- quad\quad Single Leg Jump
(SLJ)
- Loaded
Countermovement
Jump (LCMJ)
- Abalakov Jump
(ABCMJ)
- quad Single Leg Jump (SLJ) - Loaded Countermovement Jump (LCMJ) - Abalakov Jump (ABCMJ)| - $\quad$ Single Leg Jump | | :--- | | (SLJ) | | - Loaded | | Countermovement | | Jump (LCMJ) | | - Abalakov Jump | | (ABCMJ) |

- 快速测试（<1 分钟） - 易于执行 - 低压力 - 数据丰富 - 显示“跳跃策略”
- Quick to test (<1min)
- Easy to perform
- Low stress
- Abundant data
- Shows "jump strategy"
- Quick to test (<1min) - Easy to perform - Low stress - Abundant data - Shows "jump strategy"| - Quick to test (<1min) | | :--- | | - Easy to perform | | - Low stress | | - Abundant data | | - Shows "jump strategy" |
 - Considered less specific than other test types
被认为不如其他测试类型特异性强		 9
Countermovement Rebound Jump (CMRJ)
反向反弹跳（CMRJ）

进行反向跳跃，然后在着陆后立即进行反弹跳跃以达到最大高度。
Perform a
Countermovement Jump and then a rebound jump for maximum height immediately upon landing.
Perform a Countermovement Jump and then a rebound jump for maximum height immediately upon landing.| Perform a | | :--- | | Countermovement Jump and then a rebound jump for maximum height immediately upon landing. |

- 快速设置和执行 - 生成慢速和快速 SSC 运动的结果指标
- Fast to set up and perform
- Generate outcome metrics for a slow and fast SSC movement
- Fast to set up and perform - Generate outcome metrics for a slow and fast SSC movement| - Fast to set up and perform | | :--- | | - Generate outcome metrics for a slow and fast SSC movement |

无法控制反弹跳的落下高度 没有真正的计量标准用于反向运动跳跃
Cannot control the drop height for the rebound jump
No true metrics for the
Countermovement Jump
Cannot control the drop height for the rebound jump No true metrics for the Countermovement Jump| Cannot control the drop height for the rebound jump | | :--- | | No true metrics for the | | Countermovement Jump |
 16
Squat Jump (SJ) 深蹲跳 (SJ) Jump for maximum height with hands on hips, starting from a paused squat position.
从暂停的深蹲姿势开始，双手放在臀部，跳起以达到最大高度。		 - Loaded Squat Jump (LSJ)
- 装载深蹲跳 (LSJ)

- quad\quad 特定的“克服”测试（无 SSC）- quad\quad 可以使用 RFD- 低压力
- quad\quad Specific "overcoming" test (No SSC)
- quad\quad Can use RFDs
- Low Stress
- quad Specific "overcoming" test (No SSC) - quad Can use RFDs - Low Stress| - $\quad$ Specific "overcoming" test (No SSC) | | :--- | | - $\quad$ Can use RFDs | | - Low Stress |
 - Difficult to remove countermovement No eccentric phase/data
难以去除的反向运动 无离心阶段/数据		 22
Drop Jump (DJ) 下落跳跃 (DJ) Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height.
从一个箱子开始，落到力板上，然后反弹跳跃以达到最大高度。		 - quad\quad Single Leg Drop Jump (SLDJ)
- quad\quad 单腿下落跳 (SLDJ)		 - Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height.
- 从一个箱子开始，落到力板上，然后反弹跳跃以达到最大高度。		 - Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height.
从一个箱子开始，落到力板上，然后反弹跳跃以达到最大高度。		 29
 深蹲评估 (SQT)
Squat
Assessment
(SQT)
Squat Assessment (SQT)| Squat | | :--- | | Assessment | | (SQT) |
 Loaded or bodyweight squats. Any external load can be entered manually or auto detected.
负重或自身体重深蹲。可以手动输入任何外部负载或自动检测。

- 适合等长收缩与跳跃之间的间隙 - quad\quad 可以跟踪力量产生与速度（ F : V F : V F:VF: V 轮廓） - 立即的逐次结果提供生物反馈
- Fits gap between isometrics and jumps
- quad\quad Can track force production along with velocity ( F : V F : V F:VF: V Profile)
- Immediate, rep-by-rep results provide biofeedback
- Fits gap between isometrics and jumps - quad Can track force production along with velocity ( F:V Profile) - Immediate, rep-by-rep results provide biofeedback| - Fits gap between isometrics and jumps | | :--- | | - $\quad$ Can track force production along with velocity ( $F: V$ Profile) | | - Immediate, rep-by-rep results provide biofeedback |
 - Slower to set up than other tests Detection works better for faster squats (without pause or slow tempo)
比其他测试设置更慢 检测在快速深蹲（没有暂停或慢节奏）时效果更好		 37
Hop Test (HJ) 跳跃测试 (HJ) Starting with a sub- maximal CMJ, followed by 5-10 consecutive hops using ankles only (no knee flexion).
从一个亚最大垂直跳开始，随后进行 5-10 次连续的仅用脚踝的跳跃（不屈膝）。		 - quad\quad Single Leg Hop Test (SLHJ)
- quad\quad 单腿跳测试 (SLHJ)

- 对某些人来说，比 DJ 更容易执行/学习 - 测试的弹性能力 - 比 DJ 更快设置和测试
- Easier to perform/learn than DJ for some
- Test's elastic ability
- Faster to set up and test than DJ
- Easier to perform/learn than DJ for some - Test's elastic ability - Faster to set up and test than DJ| - Easier to perform/learn than DJ for some | | :--- | | - Test's elastic ability | | - Faster to set up and test than DJ |
 - Asymmetries cannot be used with confidence Difficult for some to stay on force plates
不对称性不能被自信地使用，某些人难以保持在力板上		 45
Land And Hold (LAH)
土地与保持 (LAH)		 Jumping with one or two legs from ground/box onto force plate/s, then holding in landing position until completely stable.
从地面/箱子用一条或两条腿跳到力板上，然后保持在着陆位置，直到完全稳定。		 - quad\quad Single Leg Land and Hold (SLLAH)
- quad\quad 单腿着陆保持 (SLLAH)

- ECC/仅着陆测试 - quad\quad 特定影响不对称 - 在众多 RTP 场景中有效
- ECC/landing
only test
- quad\quad Specific
Impact
Asymmetries
- Effective in
numerous
RTP
scenarios
- ECC/landing only test - quad Specific Impact Asymmetries - Effective in numerous RTP scenarios| - ECC/landing | | :--- | | only test | | - $\quad$ Specific | | Impact | | Asymmetries | | - Effective in | | numerous | | RTP | | scenarios |
 -

有限的数据（<10 个指标）在追求性能时会产生强烈的冲击力
Limited data (<10 metrics)
Aggressive impact forces when done for performance
Limited data (<10 metrics) Aggressive impact forces when done for performance| Limited data (<10 metrics) | | :--- | | Aggressive impact forces when done for performance |
 53
Test Types Descriptions Other Test Types in this Category Pros Cons Page Number Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Jump for maximum height with hands on hips. "- quad Single Leg Jump (SLJ) - Loaded Countermovement Jump (LCMJ) - Abalakov Jump (ABCMJ)" "- Quick to test (<1min) - Easy to perform - Low stress - Abundant data - Shows "jump strategy"" - Considered less specific than other test types 9 Countermovement Rebound Jump (CMRJ) "Perform a Countermovement Jump and then a rebound jump for maximum height immediately upon landing." "- Fast to set up and perform - Generate outcome metrics for a slow and fast SSC movement" https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_11_25_23b4f25d35943baa7959g-007.jpg?height=21&width=37&top_left_y=818&top_left_x=1417 "Cannot control the drop height for the rebound jump No true metrics for the Countermovement Jump" 16 Squat Jump (SJ) Jump for maximum height with hands on hips, starting from a paused squat position. - Loaded Squat Jump (LSJ) "- quad Specific "overcoming" test (No SSC) - quad Can use RFDs - Low Stress" - Difficult to remove countermovement No eccentric phase/data 22 Drop Jump (DJ) Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height. - quad Single Leg Drop Jump (SLDJ) - Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height. - Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height. 29 "Squat Assessment (SQT)" Loaded or bodyweight squats. Any external load can be entered manually or auto detected. https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_11_25_23b4f25d35943baa7959g-007.jpg?height=103&width=257&top_left_y=1547&top_left_x=744 "- Fits gap between isometrics and jumps - quad Can track force production along with velocity ( F:V Profile) - Immediate, rep-by-rep results provide biofeedback" - Slower to set up than other tests Detection works better for faster squats (without pause or slow tempo) 37 Hop Test (HJ) Starting with a sub- maximal CMJ, followed by 5-10 consecutive hops using ankles only (no knee flexion). - quad Single Leg Hop Test (SLHJ) "- Easier to perform/learn than DJ for some - Test's elastic ability - Faster to set up and test than DJ" - Asymmetries cannot be used with confidence Difficult for some to stay on force plates 45 Land And Hold (LAH) Jumping with one or two legs from ground/box onto force plate/s, then holding in landing position until completely stable. - quad Single Leg Land and Hold (SLLAH) "- ECC/landing only test - quad Specific Impact Asymmetries - Effective in numerous RTP scenarios" - "Limited data (<10 metrics) Aggressive impact forces when done for performance" 53| Test Types | Descriptions | Other Test Types in this Category | Pros | | Cons | Page Number | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Countermovement Jump (CMJ) | Jump for maximum height with hands on hips. | - $\quad$ Single Leg Jump <br> (SLJ) <br> - Loaded <br> Countermovement <br> Jump (LCMJ) <br> - Abalakov Jump <br> (ABCMJ) | - Quick to test (<1min) <br> - Easy to perform <br> - Low stress <br> - Abundant data <br> - Shows "jump strategy" | - | Considered less specific than other test types | 9 | | Countermovement Rebound Jump (CMRJ) | Perform a <br> Countermovement Jump and then a rebound jump for maximum height immediately upon landing. | | - Fast to set up and perform <br> - Generate outcome metrics for a slow and fast SSC movement | ![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_11_25_23b4f25d35943baa7959g-007.jpg?height=21&width=37&top_left_y=818&top_left_x=1417) | Cannot control the drop height for the rebound jump <br> No true metrics for the <br> Countermovement Jump | 16 | | Squat Jump (SJ) | Jump for maximum height with hands on hips, starting from a paused squat position. | - Loaded Squat Jump (LSJ) | - $\quad$ Specific "overcoming" test (No SSC) <br> - $\quad$ Can use RFDs <br> - Low Stress | - | Difficult to remove countermovement No eccentric phase/data | 22 | | Drop Jump (DJ) | Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height. | - $\quad$ Single Leg Drop Jump (SLDJ) | - Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height. | - | Starting from a box, dropping onto force plates then rebound jump for maximum height. | 29 | | Squat <br> Assessment <br> (SQT) | Loaded or bodyweight squats. Any external load can be entered manually or auto detected. | ![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_11_25_23b4f25d35943baa7959g-007.jpg?height=103&width=257&top_left_y=1547&top_left_x=744) | - Fits gap between isometrics and jumps <br> - $\quad$ Can track force production along with velocity ( $F: V$ Profile) <br> - Immediate, rep-by-rep results provide biofeedback | - | Slower to set up than other tests Detection works better for faster squats (without pause or slow tempo) | 37 | | Hop Test (HJ) | Starting with a sub- maximal CMJ, followed by 5-10 consecutive hops using ankles only (no knee flexion). | - $\quad$ Single Leg Hop Test (SLHJ) | - Easier to perform/learn than DJ for some <br> - Test's elastic ability <br> - Faster to set up and test than DJ | - | Asymmetries cannot be used with confidence Difficult for some to stay on force plates | 45 | | Land And Hold (LAH) | Jumping with one or two legs from ground/box onto force plate/s, then holding in landing position until completely stable. | - $\quad$ Single Leg Land and Hold (SLLAH) | - ECC/landing <br> only test <br> - $\quad$ Specific <br> Impact <br> Asymmetries <br> - Effective in <br> numerous <br> RTP <br> scenarios | - | Limited data (<10 metrics) <br> Aggressive impact forces when done for performance | 53 |
Quiet Stand (QSB) 安静支架 (QSB) Stand as stationary as possible for a set amount of time.
尽可能保持静止，持续一段设定的时间。

- quad\quad 单腿站立 (SLSB) - quad\quad 单腿稳定范围 (SLROSB)
- quad\quad Single Leg Stand (SLSB)
- quad\quad Single Leg Range of Stability (SLROSB)
- quad Single Leg Stand (SLSB) - quad Single Leg Range of Stability (SLROSB)| - $\quad$ Single Leg Stand (SLSB) | | :--- | | - $\quad$ Single Leg Range of Stability (SLROSB) |

- 立即的客观数据 - 量化平衡中的不对称 - 追踪压力中心随时间的移动
- Immediate objective data
- Quantify asymmetry in balance
- Track centre of pressure movement over time
- Immediate objective data - Quantify asymmetry in balance - Track centre of pressure movement over time| - Immediate objective data | | :--- | | - Quantify asymmetry in balance | | - Track centre of pressure movement over time |
Slower test to perform Can be difficult to interpret the results without baseline data
进行测试较慢，若没有基线数据，结果可能难以解释		 58
Isometric Test (ISOT) 等长测试 (ISOT) Static maximal strength test.
静态最大力量测试。

- quad\quad 单腿等长测试 (SLISOT) - 等长中大腿拉力测试 (IMTP) - 等长深蹲测试 (ISQ) - 等长肩部 I/Y/T 测试 (SHLDISOI/Y/T)
- quad\quad Single Leg Isometric Test (SLISOT)
- Isometric MidThigh Pull (IMTP)
- Isometric Squat (ISQ)
- Isometric Shoulder I/Y/T Test (SHLDISOI/Y/T)
- quad Single Leg Isometric Test (SLISOT) - Isometric MidThigh Pull (IMTP) - Isometric Squat (ISQ) - Isometric Shoulder I/Y/T Test (SHLDISOI/Y/T)| - $\quad$ Single Leg Isometric Test (SLISOT) | | :--- | | - Isometric MidThigh Pull (IMTP) | | - Isometric Squat (ISQ) | | - Isometric Shoulder I/Y/T Test (SHLDISOI/Y/T) |

- 安全、快速、可靠的最大力量测试 - RFD 指标用于复出和疲劳监测
- Safe, fast, and reliable test of maximal strength
- RFD metrics for return to play and fatigue monitoring
- Safe, fast, and reliable test of maximal strength - RFD metrics for return to play and fatigue monitoring| - Safe, fast, and reliable test of maximal strength | | :--- | | - RFD metrics for return to play and fatigue monitoring |
 -

可能需要特定设备，速度慢于跳跃测试 需要关注设置和执行
Can require
specific
equipment slower
than jump testing
Requires attention
on setup and
execution
Can require specific equipment slower than jump testing Requires attention on setup and execution| Can require | | :--- | | specific | | equipment slower | | than jump testing | | Requires attention | | on setup and | | execution |
 62 68 62 68 {:[62],[68]:}\begin{aligned} & 62 \\ & 68 \end{aligned}
Quiet Stand (QSB) Stand as stationary as possible for a set amount of time. "- quad Single Leg Stand (SLSB) - quad Single Leg Range of Stability (SLROSB)" "- Immediate objective data - Quantify asymmetry in balance - Track centre of pressure movement over time" https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_11_25_23b4f25d35943baa7959g-008.jpg?height=87&width=37&top_left_y=200&top_left_x=1416 Slower test to perform Can be difficult to interpret the results without baseline data 58 Isometric Test (ISOT) Static maximal strength test. "- quad Single Leg Isometric Test (SLISOT) - Isometric MidThigh Pull (IMTP) - Isometric Squat (ISQ) - Isometric Shoulder I/Y/T Test (SHLDISOI/Y/T)" "- Safe, fast, and reliable test of maximal strength - RFD metrics for return to play and fatigue monitoring" - "Can require specific equipment slower than jump testing Requires attention on setup and execution" "62 68"| Quiet Stand (QSB) | Stand as stationary as possible for a set amount of time. | - $\quad$ Single Leg Stand (SLSB) <br> - $\quad$ Single Leg Range of Stability (SLROSB) | - Immediate objective data <br> - Quantify asymmetry in balance <br> - Track centre of pressure movement over time | ![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2024_11_25_23b4f25d35943baa7959g-008.jpg?height=87&width=37&top_left_y=200&top_left_x=1416) | Slower test to perform Can be difficult to interpret the results without baseline data | 58 | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Isometric Test (ISOT) | Static maximal strength test. | - $\quad$ Single Leg Isometric Test (SLISOT) <br> - Isometric MidThigh Pull (IMTP) <br> - Isometric Squat (ISQ) <br> - Isometric Shoulder I/Y/T Test (SHLDISOI/Y/T) | - Safe, fast, and reliable test of maximal strength <br> - RFD metrics for return to play and fatigue monitoring | - | Can require <br> specific <br> equipment slower <br> than jump testing <br> Requires attention <br> on setup and <br> execution | $\begin{aligned} & 62 \\ & 68 \end{aligned}$ |
ForceDecks can auto-detect 16 different test types (as at software version 2.0.8702 and iOS 1.9.0) ranging across various jump protocols, isometric tests, and dynamic squat assessments. This section aims to explain the raw data, key moments, and movement phases for each of the major ForceDecks test types, so that users can identify key characteristics and understand test results. This section also covers common methods to determine whether a test may be invalid, and if so, how to correct it or prevent future errors.
ForceDecks 可以自动检测 16 种不同的测试类型（截至软件版本 2.0.8702 和 iOS 1.9.0），涵盖各种跳跃协议、等长测试和动态深蹲评估。本节旨在解释每种主要 ForceDecks 测试类型的原始数据、关键时刻和运动阶段，以便用户能够识别关键特征并理解测试结果。本节还涵盖了确定测试是否可能无效的常见方法，以及如果无效，如何纠正或防止未来的错误。

2.1 Countermovement Jump (CMJ)
2.1 反向跳跃 (CMJ)

The Countermovement Jump (CMJ) is arguably the most popular force plate test due to its wide range of applications and significant number of available metrics.
反向跳跃（CMJ）可以说是最受欢迎的力板测试，因为它具有广泛的应用范围和大量可用的指标。
The CMJ can be easily used in:
CMJ 可以轻松用于：
  • Individual profiling; 个体画像；
  • Fatigue and adaptation monitoring; and
    疲劳和适应监测；以及
  • A wide range of return-to-play scenarios.
    多种复出场景。
The CMJ test in ForceDecks reports information on numerous phases and offers excellent asymmetry analysis.
ForceDecks 中的 CMJ 测试报告了多个阶段的信息，并提供了出色的非对称性分析。
The goal of the CMJ is to jump as high as possible.
CMJ 的目标是跳得尽可能高。
Below is a raw data trace of a typical Countermovement Jump test in ForceDecks, (showing only left, right and total vertical force - all other derivatives and key moment labels are toggled off to help with viewing):
以下是 ForceDecks 中典型反向跳跃测试的原始数据轨迹（仅显示左、右和总垂直力 - 所有其他导数和关键时刻标签已关闭以帮助查看）：

2.1.1 Protocol 2.1.1 方案

To perform a Countermovement Jump test, follow these steps:
进行反向跳跃测试，请按照以下步骤操作：

Starting position: 起始位置：

  • Normal standing posture.
    正常站立姿势。
  • Hands on hips (if unweighted) or hands on barbell (if weighted).
    双手放在臀部（如果没有负重）或双手放在杠铃上（如果有负重）。
  • Chest up and looking forward.
    胸部抬起，目视前方。

Protocol: 协议：

  1. Zero Plates - Zero the plates. Ensure nothing is touching the plates during this step.
    零盘 - 清空盘子。在此步骤中确保没有任何物体接触盘子。
  2. Assume starting position - Ask the individual to assume the starting position on the plates.
    假设起始位置 - 请个人在板上假设起始位置。
  3. Weigh individual - Measure the individual’s weight.
    称量个体 - 测量个体的体重。
  4. Stabilize individual - Instruct the individual to remain completely still, in the starting position for 23 seconds before and between each rep in the test.
    稳定个体 - 指示个体在测试的每次重复之前和之间保持完全静止，保持起始位置 23 秒。
  5. Perform test - Instruct the individual to:
    进行测试 - 指示个人：
    a. Keep the chest up and looking forward;
    保持胸部抬起，目视前方；
    b. Bend down; then
    弯下腰；然后
    c. Jump up; then
    跳起来；然后
    d. Land softly; then
    轻轻着陆；然后
    e. Assume starting position again.
    e. 再次假设起始位置。
  6. Repeat - Repeat step 5 to record the desired number of reps.
    重复 - 重复步骤 5 以记录所需的重复次数。
  7. Complete the test - Click to stop the recording and check the results.
    完成测试 - 点击停止录音并检查结果。
Common protocol errors include:
常见的协议错误包括：
Error Potential Effect(s)
错误潜在影响
Not stable during weighing.
称重时不稳定。
Bodyweight recorded inaccurately, which can introduce significant error into metrics such as jump height (flight time or Imp-Mom), power, and relative force values.
体重记录不准确，这可能会对跳跃高度（飞行时间或冲量-动量）、功率和相对力量值等指标引入显著误差。
Error example: 错误示例：
Here is a test with a very unstable weigh period which in turn affects the displacement curve (pink) significantly. This can be expected to also have ramifications in SoM and jump height, which would then affect time-sensitive metrics and any metrics relying on jump height (e.g.: RSI Mod).
这里是一个具有非常不稳定称重周期的测试，这反过来显著影响了位移曲线（粉色）。这也可能对 SoM 和跳跃高度产生影响，从而影响时间敏感的指标以及任何依赖于跳跃高度的指标（例如：RSI Mod）。
Error 错误
Pre-jump positive impulse (Plantar flexion).
跳跃前的正向冲动（足底屈曲）。

Potential Effect(s) 潜在影响

Poor start of integration as there is already a positive velocity at SoM. This will influence a host of metrics from jump height to the entire displacement curve along with metrics associated with displacement.
整合的起步不佳，因为在 SoM 处已经存在正速度。这将影响一系列指标，从跳跃高度到整个位移曲线，以及与位移相关的指标。

Error example: 错误示例：

Positive Impulse immediately prior to the countermovement influences integration calculations, as they are based on the assumption of a zero-velocity start. If a positive velocity exists, displacement (pink) and therefore Jump Height will be less than the results show.
正向冲动在反向运动之前立即影响整合计算，因为这些计算是基于零速度起始的假设。如果存在正速度，则位移（粉色）因此跳跃高度将低于结果所示。

2.1.2 Key Moments and Phases
2.1.2 关键时刻和阶段

ForceDecks auto-detects the following key moments in a Countermovement Jump:
ForceDecks 自动检测反向跳跃中的以下关键时刻：
Key Moments 关键时刻 Description 描述
Start of Movement 运动开始

超过 20N 阈值的点。此标准可以在设置中自定义。
Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is
customizable in Settings.
Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is customizable in Settings.| Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is | | :--- | | customizable in Settings. |
Start of Braking Phase
制动阶段开始		 Minimum force until end of eccentric phase.
偏心阶段结束前的最小力。
Start of Deceleration Phase
减速阶段开始		 Peak eccentric velocity until end of eccentric phase.
偏心阶段结束时的峰值偏心速度。
Start of Concentric Phase
同心相位开始		 Zero Velocity until take-off.
起飞前零速度。
Start of Max. RFD
最大 RFD 开始		 Point of steepest concentric force.
最陡同心力点。
End of Max. RFD
最大 RFD 结束		 Peak take off force.
峰值起飞力。
Peak Take-off Force 峰值起飞力

跳跃过程中获得的最高力量值（偏心/同心阶段）。
Highest force value obtained during the jump (eccentric/concentric
phase).
Highest force value obtained during the jump (eccentric/concentric phase).| Highest force value obtained during the jump (eccentric/concentric | | :--- | | phase). |
Take-off 起飞 Point where force is below 20N.
力低于 20N 的点。
Landing 着陆 Point where force rises above 20N.
力超过 20N 的点。
Peak Landing Force 峰值着陆力 Highest force obtained during landing phase.
着陆阶段获得的最大力。
Key Moments Description Start of Movement "Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is customizable in Settings." Start of Braking Phase Minimum force until end of eccentric phase. Start of Deceleration Phase Peak eccentric velocity until end of eccentric phase. Start of Concentric Phase Zero Velocity until take-off. Start of Max. RFD Point of steepest concentric force. End of Max. RFD Peak take off force. Peak Take-off Force "Highest force value obtained during the jump (eccentric/concentric phase)." Take-off Point where force is below 20N. Landing Point where force rises above 20N. Peak Landing Force Highest force obtained during landing phase.| Key Moments | Description | | :--- | :--- | | Start of Movement | Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is <br> customizable in Settings. | | Start of Braking Phase | Minimum force until end of eccentric phase. | | Start of Deceleration Phase | Peak eccentric velocity until end of eccentric phase. | | Start of Concentric Phase | Zero Velocity until take-off. | | Start of Max. RFD | Point of steepest concentric force. | | End of Max. RFD | Peak take off force. | | Peak Take-off Force | Highest force value obtained during the jump (eccentric/concentric <br> phase). | | Take-off | Point where force is below 20N. | | Landing | Point where force rises above 20N. | | Peak Landing Force | Highest force obtained during landing phase. |
ForceDecks auto-detects the following phases in a Countermovement Jump:
ForceDecks 自动检测反向跳跃中的以下阶段：
From these key moments and phases in a Countermovement Jump test, ForceDecks software calculates and reports 112 metrics on performance and asymmetry.
通过在反向跳跃测试中的这些关键时刻和阶段，ForceDecks 软件计算并报告 112 项关于表现和不对称性的指标。

2.1.3 Commonly Used Metrics
2.1.3 常用指标

Some of the most commonly used metrics from a Countermovement Jump test include:
一些在反向跳跃测试中最常用的指标包括：
Metrics 指标 Description 描述 Common Application(s) 常见应用程序
Performance Metrics 性能指标
Performance Metrics| Performance Metrics | | :--- |

结果指标，为其他指标提供背景。
Outcome measure which gives
context to other metrics.
Outcome measure which gives context to other metrics.| Outcome measure which gives | | :--- | | context to other metrics. |

疲劳监测，适应监测
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation
monitoring
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring| Fatigue monitoring, adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |

飞行时间：收缩时间和 RSI 修正
Flight Time: Contraction
Time and RSI-Modified
Flight Time: Contraction Time and RSI-Modified| Flight Time: Contraction | | :--- | | Time and RSI-Modified |

在空中花费的时间除以在地面上花费的时间（离心和向心阶段）。
Time spent in the air divided by time
spent on the ground (eccentric and
concentric phases).
Time spent in the air divided by time spent on the ground (eccentric and concentric phases).| Time spent in the air divided by time | | :--- | | spent on the ground (eccentric and | | concentric phases). |

疲劳监测，适应监测
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation
monitoring
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring| Fatigue monitoring, adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |
Eccentric Duration 偏心持续时间

在偏心阶段花费的时间长度。
Length of time spent in the eccentric
phase.
Length of time spent in the eccentric phase.| Length of time spent in the eccentric | | :--- | | phase. |
 Fatigue monitoring 疲劳监测
Eccentric Mean Power 离心均功率

偏心阶段产生的平均功率。
Average amount of power generated
in the eccentric phase.
Average amount of power generated in the eccentric phase.| Average amount of power generated | | :--- | | in the eccentric phase. |

个体画像和适应性监测
Individual profiling and adaptation
monitoring
Individual profiling and adaptation monitoring| Individual profiling and adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |
Peak Power 峰值功率

在向心相位的最大功率。
Maximal power in the concentric
phase.
Maximal power in the concentric phase.| Maximal power in the concentric | | :--- | | phase. |

剖析与适应监测
Profiling and adaptation
monitoring
Profiling and adaptation monitoring| Profiling and adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |
Asymmetry Metrics 非对称性指标

左右肢体在总向心工作中的差异。
Difference between left and right
limb in total concentric work.
Difference between left and right limb in total concentric work.| Difference between left and right | | :--- | | limb in total concentric work. |
 Return to play monitoring
回归比赛监测

同心冲动不对称
Concentric Impulse
Asymmetry
Concentric Impulse Asymmetry| Concentric Impulse | | :--- | | Asymmetry |

四肢在减速力产生速率上的差异。
Difference between limbs in the rate
at which the deceleration force is
generated.
Difference between limbs in the rate at which the deceleration force is generated.| Difference between limbs in the rate | | :--- | | at which the deceleration force is | | generated. |
 Return to play monitoring
回归比赛监测
Eccentric Deceleration 偏心减速

着陆时肢体之间的峰值力量差异。
Peak force difference between limbs
on landing.
Peak force difference between limbs on landing.| Peak force difference between limbs | | :--- | | on landing. |
 Return to play monitoring
回归比赛监测

峰值着陆力不对称
Peak Landing Force
Asymmetry
Peak Landing Force Asymmetry| Peak Landing Force | | :--- | | Asymmetry |
Metrics Description Common Application(s) "Performance Metrics" "Outcome measure which gives context to other metrics." "Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring" "Flight Time: Contraction Time and RSI-Modified" "Time spent in the air divided by time spent on the ground (eccentric and concentric phases)." "Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring" Eccentric Duration "Length of time spent in the eccentric phase." Fatigue monitoring Eccentric Mean Power "Average amount of power generated in the eccentric phase." "Individual profiling and adaptation monitoring" Peak Power "Maximal power in the concentric phase." "Profiling and adaptation monitoring" Asymmetry Metrics "Difference between left and right limb in total concentric work." Return to play monitoring "Concentric Impulse Asymmetry" "Difference between limbs in the rate at which the deceleration force is generated." Return to play monitoring Eccentric Deceleration "Peak force difference between limbs on landing." Return to play monitoring "Peak Landing Force Asymmetry" | Metrics | Description | Common Application(s) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Performance Metrics | Outcome measure which gives <br> context to other metrics. | Fatigue monitoring, adaptation <br> monitoring | | Flight Time: Contraction <br> Time and RSI-Modified | Time spent in the air divided by time <br> spent on the ground (eccentric and <br> concentric phases). | Fatigue monitoring, adaptation <br> monitoring | | Eccentric Duration | Length of time spent in the eccentric <br> phase. | Fatigue monitoring | | Eccentric Mean Power | Average amount of power generated <br> in the eccentric phase. | Individual profiling and adaptation <br> monitoring | | Peak Power | Maximal power in the concentric <br> phase. | Profiling and adaptation <br> monitoring | | Asymmetry Metrics | Difference between left and right <br> limb in total concentric work. | Return to play monitoring | | Concentric Impulse <br> Asymmetry | Difference between limbs in the rate <br> at which the deceleration force is <br> generated. | Return to play monitoring | | Eccentric Deceleration | Peak force difference between limbs <br> on landing. | Return to play monitoring | | Peak Landing Force <br> Asymmetry | | |

2.2 Countermovement Rebound Jump (CMRJ)
2.2 反向跳跃反弹跳 (CMRJ)

The Countermovement Rebound Jump (CMRJ) is a test that combines the benefits of a Countermovement Jump with a Drop Jump.
反向反弹跳（CMRJ）是一项结合了反向跳跃和下落跳的测试。
The test can be performed with one or two limbs. The individual performs a Countermovement Jump with a slow stretch-shortening cycle, followed immediately upon landing by a rebound jump with a fast stretchshortening cycle.
该测试可以在一个或两个肢体上进行。个体进行一个缓慢的伸展-缩短周期的反向跳跃，着陆后立即进行一个快速的伸展-缩短周期的反弹跳跃。
The test allows for quick comparison of both jumping strategies.
该测试允许快速比较两种跳跃策略。
Below is a raw trace of a Countermovement Rebound Jump in ForceDecks:
以下是 ForceDecks 中反向跳跃的原始轨迹：

2.2.1 Protocol 2.2.1 方案

To perform a Countermovement Rebound Jump test, follow these steps:
进行反向反弹跳测试，请按照以下步骤操作：

Starting position: 起始位置：

  • Normal standing posture.
    正常站立姿势。
  • Hands on hips. 双手叉腰。
  • Chest up and looking forward.
    胸部抬起，目视前方。

Protocol: 协议：

  1. Zero Plates - Zero the plates. Ensure nothing is touching the plates during this step.
    零盘 - 清空盘子。在此步骤中确保没有任何物体接触盘子。
  2. Assume starting position - Ask the individual to assume the starting position on the plates.
    假设起始位置 - 请个人在板上假设起始位置。
  3. Weigh individual - Measure the individual’s weight.
    称量个体 - 测量个体的体重。
  4. Stabilize individual - Instruct the individual to remain completely still, in the starting position for 23 seconds before and between each rep in the test.
    稳定个体 - 指示个体在测试的每次重复之前和之间保持完全静止，保持起始位置 23 秒。
  5. Perform test - Instruct the individual to:
    进行测试 - 指示个人：
    f. Keep the chest up and looking forward;
    保持胸部抬起，目视前方；
    g. Bend down; then
    弯下腰；然后
    h. Jump up; then
    跳起来；然后
    i. Land on the plates with both feet at the same time; then
    同时用双脚着陆在板上；然后
    j. Immediately jump as high as possible; then
    j. 立即尽可能高地跳起；然后
    k. Land softly; then
    轻轻着陆；然后
    I. Assume starting position again.
    我。再次假设起始位置。
  6. Repeat - Repeat step 5 to record the desired number of reps.
    重复 - 重复步骤 5 以记录所需的重复次数。
  7. Complete the test - Click to stop the recording and check the results.
    完成测试 - 点击停止录音并检查结果。
Common protocol errors include:
常见的协议错误包括：
Error 错误 Potential Effect(s) 潜在影响

跳跃前的动作或不准确的称重
Pre-jump movement or
inaccurate weighing
Pre-jump movement or inaccurate weighing| Pre-jump movement or | | :--- | | inaccurate weighing |

考虑到反向跳跃的时长，测试开始时的微小协议错误在测试过程中有足够的时间放大。测试前的不正确重量或动作将导致速度和高度测量的不准确。
Given the length of a Countermovement Rebound Jump, small
errors in protocol to start a test have lots of time to amplify during
a test. Incorrect weight or movement prior to the test will result in
inaccuracies in the velocity and height measurements.
Given the length of a Countermovement Rebound Jump, small errors in protocol to start a test have lots of time to amplify during a test. Incorrect weight or movement prior to the test will result in inaccuracies in the velocity and height measurements.| Given the length of a Countermovement Rebound Jump, small | | :--- | | errors in protocol to start a test have lots of time to amplify during | | a test. Incorrect weight or movement prior to the test will result in | | inaccuracies in the velocity and height measurements. |
Error Potential Effect(s) "Pre-jump movement or inaccurate weighing" "Given the length of a Countermovement Rebound Jump, small errors in protocol to start a test have lots of time to amplify during a test. Incorrect weight or movement prior to the test will result in inaccuracies in the velocity and height measurements."| Error | Potential Effect(s) | | :--- | :--- | | Pre-jump movement or <br> inaccurate weighing | Given the length of a Countermovement Rebound Jump, small <br> errors in protocol to start a test have lots of time to amplify during <br> a test. Incorrect weight or movement prior to the test will result in <br> inaccuracies in the velocity and height measurements. |
Error Example: 错误示例：
Here is a test which starts with an inaccurate body weight. This in turn affects the height (i.e., displacement) curve (pink). Additionally, this will impact the velocity, power, and impulse curves, and any metrics which are derived from them.
这里有一个测试，开始时体重不准确。这反过来会影响身高（即位移）曲线（粉色）。此外，这将影响速度、功率和冲量曲线，以及从中派生的任何指标。

2.2.2 Key Moments and Phases
2.2.2 关键时刻和阶段

ForceDecks auto-detects the following key moments in a Countermovement Rebound Jump:
ForceDecks 自动检测反向跳跃中的以下关键时刻：
Key Moment 关键时刻 Description 描述
Start of Movement 运动开始 Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded.
超过 20N 阈值的点。
Start of Concentric Phase
同心相位开始		 Zero Velocity before first takeoff.
首次起飞前零速度。
Peak Takeoff Force 峰值起飞力 Maximum force prior to first takeoff.
首次起飞前的最大力量。
First Takeoff 首次起飞 Point where force is below 20N.
力低于 20N 的点。
First Landing 首次着陆 Point where force rises above 20N.
力超过 20N 的点。
Peak Impact Force 峰值冲击力 Greatest passive force on impact from first landing.
首次着陆时的最大被动冲击力。
Contact Trough 接触通道 Lowest force point between peak impact and peak drive-off force.
峰值冲击力和峰值驱动力之间的最低力点。
Start of Concentric Phase
同心相位开始		 Zero Velocity before second takeoff.
第二次起飞前的零速度。
Peak Drive-Off Force 峰值驱动离开力 Greatest active force prior to second takeoff.
第二次起飞前的最大主动力。
Second Takeoff 第二次起飞 Point where force is below 20N.
力低于 20N 的点。
Second Landing 第二次着陆 Point where force rises above 20N.
力超过 20N 的点。
Key Moment Description Start of Movement Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. Start of Concentric Phase Zero Velocity before first takeoff. Peak Takeoff Force Maximum force prior to first takeoff. First Takeoff Point where force is below 20N. First Landing Point where force rises above 20N. Peak Impact Force Greatest passive force on impact from first landing. Contact Trough Lowest force point between peak impact and peak drive-off force. Start of Concentric Phase Zero Velocity before second takeoff. Peak Drive-Off Force Greatest active force prior to second takeoff. Second Takeoff Point where force is below 20N. Second Landing Point where force rises above 20N.| Key Moment | Description | | :--- | :--- | | Start of Movement | Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. | | Start of Concentric Phase | Zero Velocity before first takeoff. | | Peak Takeoff Force | Maximum force prior to first takeoff. | | First Takeoff | Point where force is below 20N. | | First Landing | Point where force rises above 20N. | | Peak Impact Force | Greatest passive force on impact from first landing. | | Contact Trough | Lowest force point between peak impact and peak drive-off force. | | Start of Concentric Phase | Zero Velocity before second takeoff. | | Peak Drive-Off Force | Greatest active force prior to second takeoff. | | Second Takeoff | Point where force is below 20N. | | Second Landing | Point where force rises above 20N. |
ForceDecks auto-detects the following phases in a Countermovement Rebound Jump:
ForceDecks 自动检测反向跳跃中的以下阶段：
Phase 阶段 Description 描述
Takeoff Phase 起飞阶段 Phase between start of movement and first takeoff.
运动开始与首次起飞之间的阶段。
Eccentric Phase 偏心相位 Phase between start of movement and start of concentric phase.
运动开始与向心相位开始之间的阶段。
Concentric Phase 同心相位 Phase between start of concentric phase and first takeoff.
从同心相位开始到第一次起飞之间的阶段。
Rebound Phase 反弹阶段 Phase between first landing and second takeoff.
首次着陆与第二次起飞之间的阶段。
Eccentric Phase 偏心相位 Phase between first landing and start of concentric phase.
首次着陆与同心相位开始之间的阶段。
Concentric Phase 同心相位 Phase between start of concentric phase and second takeoff.
同心相位开始与第二次起飞之间的阶段。
Phase Description Takeoff Phase Phase between start of movement and first takeoff. Eccentric Phase Phase between start of movement and start of concentric phase. Concentric Phase Phase between start of concentric phase and first takeoff. Rebound Phase Phase between first landing and second takeoff. Eccentric Phase Phase between first landing and start of concentric phase. Concentric Phase Phase between start of concentric phase and second takeoff.| Phase | Description | | :--- | :--- | | Takeoff Phase | Phase between start of movement and first takeoff. | | Eccentric Phase | Phase between start of movement and start of concentric phase. | | Concentric Phase | Phase between start of concentric phase and first takeoff. | | Rebound Phase | Phase between first landing and second takeoff. | | Eccentric Phase | Phase between first landing and start of concentric phase. | | Concentric Phase | Phase between start of concentric phase and second takeoff. |
From these key moments and phases in a Countermovement Rebound Jump test, ForceDecks software calculates and reports 82 metrics on performance and asymmetry.
通过在反向运动反弹跳测试中的这些关键时刻和阶段，ForceDecks 软件计算并报告 82 项关于表现和不对称性的指标。

2.2.3 Commonly Used Metrics
2.2.3 常用指标

Some of the most commonly used metrics from a Countermovement Rebound test include:
一些在反向跳跃测试中最常用的指标包括：
Metrics 指标 Description 描述 Common Application(s) 常见应用程序
Performance Metrics 性能指标 Outcome measure to anchor/give
结果测量以锚定/给予

疲劳监测，适应监测，剖面分析
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation
monitoring, profiling
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring, profiling| Fatigue monitoring, adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring, profiling |

首次跳跃高度（冲击-母）
First Jump Height
(Imp-Mom)
First Jump Height (Imp-Mom)| First Jump Height | | :--- | | (Imp-Mom) |

与较慢起跳相比的第一次跳跃的测量。
Measure to compare to the first
jump with a slower takeoff.
Measure to compare to the first jump with a slower takeoff.| Measure to compare to the first | | :--- | | jump with a slower takeoff. |

疲劳监测，适应监测，剖面分析
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation
monitoring, profiling
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring, profiling| Fatigue monitoring, adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring, profiling |

反弹跳高度（冲击-母体）
Rebound Jump Height
(Imp-Mom)
Rebound Jump Height (Imp-Mom)| Rebound Jump Height | | :--- | | (Imp-Mom) |

完成反弹起飞的时间。
Time to complete the rebound
takeoff.
Time to complete the rebound takeoff.| Time to complete the rebound | | :--- | | takeoff. |

疲劳监测、适应、监测、分析
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation,
monitoring, profiling
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation, monitoring, profiling| Fatigue monitoring, adaptation, | | :--- | | monitoring, profiling |
 反弹接触时间
Rebound Contact
Time
Rebound Contact Time| Rebound Contact | | :--- | | Time |

个体产生的功率标准化为其体重。
Power produced by the individual
normalized to their body mass.
Power produced by the individual normalized to their body mass.| Power produced by the individual | | :--- | | normalized to their body mass. |
 Individual profiling 个体画像

起飞峰值功率 / BM
Takeoff Peak Power /
BM
Takeoff Peak Power / BM| Takeoff Peak Power / | | :--- | | BM |

首次跳跃着陆力的左右差异。
L/R difference of landing force from
the first jump.
L/R difference of landing force from the first jump.| L/R difference of landing force from | | :--- | | the first jump. |

回归比赛监测，适应性监测
Return to play monitoring,
adaptation monitoring
Return to play monitoring, adaptation monitoring| Return to play monitoring, | | :--- | | adaptation monitoring |
Asymmetry Metrics 非对称性指标

第二次跳跃的着陆力左右差异。
L/R difference of landing force from
the second jump.
L/R difference of landing force from the second jump.| L/R difference of landing force from | | :--- | | the second jump. |

回归比赛监测，适应性监测
Return to play monitoring,
adaptation monitoring
Return to play monitoring, adaptation monitoring| Return to play monitoring, | | :--- | | adaptation monitoring |
Force 力量
Metrics Description Common Application(s) Performance Metrics Outcome measure to anchor/give "Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring, profiling" "First Jump Height (Imp-Mom)" "Measure to compare to the first jump with a slower takeoff." "Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring, profiling" "Rebound Jump Height (Imp-Mom)" "Time to complete the rebound takeoff." "Fatigue monitoring, adaptation, monitoring, profiling" "Rebound Contact Time" "Power produced by the individual normalized to their body mass." Individual profiling "Takeoff Peak Power / BM" "L/R difference of landing force from the first jump." "Return to play monitoring, adaptation monitoring" Asymmetry Metrics "L/R difference of landing force from the second jump." "Return to play monitoring, adaptation monitoring" Force | Metrics | Description | Common Application(s) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Performance Metrics | Outcome measure to anchor/give | Fatigue monitoring, adaptation <br> monitoring, profiling | | First Jump Height <br> (Imp-Mom) | Measure to compare to the first <br> jump with a slower takeoff. | Fatigue monitoring, adaptation <br> monitoring, profiling | | Rebound Jump Height <br> (Imp-Mom) | Time to complete the rebound <br> takeoff. | Fatigue monitoring, adaptation, <br> monitoring, profiling | | Rebound Contact <br> Time | Power produced by the individual <br> normalized to their body mass. | Individual profiling | | Takeoff Peak Power / <br> BM | L/R difference of landing force from <br> the first jump. | Return to play monitoring, <br> adaptation monitoring | | Asymmetry Metrics | L/R difference of landing force from <br> the second jump. | Return to play monitoring, <br> adaptation monitoring | | Force | | |

2.3 Squat Jump (SJ)
2.3 深蹲跳 (SJ)

The Squat Jump (SJ) test is used to evaluate triple extension performance by isolating the concentric phase of a jump.
深蹲跳（SJ）测试用于通过隔离跳跃的向心阶段来评估三重伸展表现。
The SJ is a highly effective test to determine an individual’s ability to exhibit pure concentric force, without utilizing the stretch shortening cycle.
SJ 是一种高效的测试，用于确定个体在不利用伸展-缩短循环的情况下表现纯粹同心力的能力。
The protocol is extremely strict and must be performed precisely to ensure correct software detection and accurate results.
该协议非常严格，必须精确执行以确保正确的软件检测和准确的结果。
The goal of the SJ is to jump as high as possible.
SJ 的目标是跳得尽可能高。
Below is a raw data trace of a typical Squat Jump test in ForceDecks, (showing only left, right and total vertical force - all other derivatives and key moment labels are toggled off to help with viewing):
以下是 ForceDecks 中典型深蹲跳测试的原始数据轨迹（仅显示左侧、右侧和总垂直力 - 所有其他导数和关键时刻标签已关闭以便于查看）：

2.3.1 Protocol 2.3.1 方案

To perform a Squat Jump test, follow these steps:
进行深蹲跳测试，请按照以下步骤操作：

Starting position: 起始位置：

  • Partial or quarter-squat position
    部分或四分之一深蹲姿势
  • Hands on hips 双手叉腰

Protocol: 协议：

  1. Zero plates -Zero the plates. Ensure nothing is touching the plates during this step.
    零板 - 零板。确保在此步骤中没有任何物体接触到板。
  2. Assume starting position - Ask the individual to assume the starting position on the plates.
    假设起始位置 - 请个人在板上假设起始位置。
  3. Weigh individual - Measure the individual’s weight.
    称量个体 - 测量个体的体重。
  4. Stabilize individual - Instruct the individual to remain completely still, in the starting position for 2-3 seconds before and between each rep in the test.
    稳定个体 - 指示个体在测试的每次重复之前和之间保持完全静止，保持起始位置 2-3 秒。
Important: ensure there is no downward movement from the starting position.
重要提示：确保从起始位置没有向下的移动。
5. Perform test - Instruct the individual to:
5. 进行测试 - 指示个人：
a. Keep the chest up and looking forward;
保持胸部抬起，目视前方；
b. Jump up; then
跳起来；然后
c. Land softly; then
轻轻着陆；然后
d. Assume starting position again.
d. 再次假设起始位置。
6. Repeat - Repeat step 5 to record the desired number of reps.
6. 重复 - 重复步骤 5 以记录所需的重复次数。
7. Complete the test - Click to stop the recording and check the results.
7. 完成测试 - 点击停止录音并检查结果。
Common protocol errors include:
常见的协议错误包括：
Error Potential Effect(s)
错误潜在影响
Not stable during weighing. Bodyweight recorded inaccurately, which can introduce significant error into metrics such as jump height (Imp-Mom), power and relative force values.
称重时不稳定。体重记录不准确，这可能会对跳跃高度（Imp-Mom）、功率和相对力量值等指标引入显著误差。
Error example: 错误示例：
Here is an example of an unstable weighing period which resulted in a recorded bodyweight, heavier than the individual’s actual bodyweight. This has caused the SoM to be incorrectly detected when the individual stabilizes at normal bodyweight. As can be seen, not only is SoM detected extremely early (i.e., at roughly 20.4s, rather than when it should - at roughly 21.5s), but displacement is incorrect due to incorrect bodyweight integration.
这里是一个不稳定称重期的例子，导致记录的体重比个体的实际体重重。这导致在个体稳定在正常体重时，SoM 被错误检测。如所示，SoM 不仅被极早检测到（即大约在 20.4 秒，而不是应该在大约 21.5 秒时），而且由于体重整合不正确，位移也不正确。

Error 错误

Countermovement prior to concentric phase.
向心阶段之前的反向运动。

Potential Effect(s) 潜在影响

Can elicit a poor test detection and will negate the goal of a squat jump test as a stretch shortening cycle has been introduced.
可能会导致测试检测不佳，并且会否定深蹲跳测试的目标，因为引入了拉伸缩短循环。

Error example: 错误示例：

Here we can see not only a countermovement prior to the squat jump, but a poor detection of SoM. SoM should be after the second trough, well inside the concentric phase. Therefore, results for contraction time, all RFD and force, at given time points will all be unreliable.
在这里，我们不仅可以看到深蹲跳之前的反向运动，还可以看到对 SoM 的检测不佳。SoM 应该在第二个低谷之后，处于向心阶段的内部。因此，在给定时间点的收缩时间、所有 RFD 和力量的结果都将是不可靠的。

2.3.2 Key Moments and Phases
2.3.2 关键时刻和阶段

ForceDecks auto-detects the following key moments in a Squat Jump:
ForceDecks 自动检测深蹲跳中的以下关键时刻：
Key Moments 关键时刻 Description 描述
Start of Movement 运动开始

超过 20N 阈值的点。此标准可以在设置中自定义。
Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is
customizable in Settings.
Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is customizable in Settings.| Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is | | :--- | | customizable in Settings. |
Start of Max. RFD
最大 RFD 开始		 Point of steepest concentric force.
最陡同心力点。
End of Max. RFD
最大 RFD 结束		 End point of the largest RFD.
最大 RFD 的终点。
Peak Take-off Force 峰值起飞力 Highest force value obtained during the jump.
跳跃过程中获得的最高力值。
Take-off 起飞 Point where force is below 20N.
力低于 20N 的点。
Landing 着陆 Point where force rises above 20N.
力超过 20N 的点。
Peak Landing Force 峰值着陆力 Highest force obtained during landing phase.
着陆阶段获得的最大力。
Key Moments Description Start of Movement "Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is customizable in Settings." Start of Max. RFD Point of steepest concentric force. End of Max. RFD End point of the largest RFD. Peak Take-off Force Highest force value obtained during the jump. Take-off Point where force is below 20N. Landing Point where force rises above 20N. Peak Landing Force Highest force obtained during landing phase.| Key Moments | Description | | :--- | :--- | | Start of Movement | Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded. This criteria is <br> customizable in Settings. | | Start of Max. RFD | Point of steepest concentric force. | | End of Max. RFD | End point of the largest RFD. | | Peak Take-off Force | Highest force value obtained during the jump. | | Take-off | Point where force is below 20N. | | Landing | Point where force rises above 20N. | | Peak Landing Force | Highest force obtained during landing phase. |
ForceDecks auto-detects the following phases in a Squat Jump:
ForceDecks 自动检测深蹲跳的以下阶段：
Phase 阶段 Description 描述
Weighing Phase 称重阶段 Steady phase for weight to be recorded.
记录体重的稳定阶段。
Concentric Phase 同心相位 Zero velocity until take-off.
起飞前零速度。
Flight Phase 飞行阶段 From take-off until landing.
从起飞到着陆。
Landing Phase 着陆阶段 Point where force rises above 20N and settles back to bodyweight.
力超过 20N 并回落至体重的点。
Phase Description Weighing Phase Steady phase for weight to be recorded. Concentric Phase Zero velocity until take-off. Flight Phase From take-off until landing. Landing Phase Point where force rises above 20N and settles back to bodyweight.| Phase | Description | | :--- | :--- | | Weighing Phase | Steady phase for weight to be recorded. | | Concentric Phase | Zero velocity until take-off. | | Flight Phase | From take-off until landing. | | Landing Phase | Point where force rises above 20N and settles back to bodyweight. |
From these key moments and phases in a Squat Jump test, ForceDecks software calculates and reports 71 metrics on performance and asymmetry
通过在深蹲跳测试中的这些关键时刻和阶段，ForceDecks 软件计算并报告 71 项关于表现和不对称性的指标

2.3.3 Commonly Used Metrics
2.3.3 常用指标

Some of the most commonly used metrics from a Squat Jump test include:
一些在深蹲跳测试中最常用的指标包括：
Metrics 指标 Description 描述 Common Application(s) 常见应用程序

性能指标 跳跃高度 (冲击-力矩)
Performance Metrics
Jump Height (Imp-
Mom)
Performance Metrics Jump Height (Imp- Mom)| Performance Metrics | | :--- | | Jump Height (Imp- | | Mom) |

结果指标为其他指标提供背景。
Outcome measure to give context to
other metrics.
Outcome measure to give context to other metrics.| Outcome measure to give context to | | :--- | | other metrics. |

疲劳监测，适应监测
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation
monitoring
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring| Fatigue monitoring, adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |

正向起飞冲动
Positive Takeoff
Impulse
Positive Takeoff Impulse| Positive Takeoff | | :--- | | Impulse |

超过体重的总同心工作量。
Total concentric work performed
above bodyweight.
Total concentric work performed above bodyweight.| Total concentric work performed | | :--- | | above bodyweight. |

疲劳监测，适应监测
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation
monitoring
Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring| Fatigue monitoring, adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |
Concentric RFD 同心圆 RFD

向心相位的力量发展速率（RFD）。
Rate of force development (RFD) in
the concentric phase.
Rate of force development (RFD) in the concentric phase.| Rate of force development (RFD) in | | :--- | | the concentric phase. |
 Fatigue monitoring, profiling
疲劳监测，分析
Peak Power / BM
峰值功率 / BM

相对于体重的向心相位最大功率。
Maximal power in the concentric
phase relative to bodyweight.
Maximal power in the concentric phase relative to bodyweight.| Maximal power in the concentric | | :--- | | phase relative to bodyweight. |

个体画像和适应性监测
Individual profiling and adaptation
monitoring
Individual profiling and adaptation monitoring| Individual profiling and adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |

峰值净起飞力 / BM
Peak Net Takeoff Force
/ BM
Peak Net Takeoff Force / BM| Peak Net Takeoff Force | | :--- | | / BM |

相对于体重的峰值净力（超过体重）。
Peak net force (above bodyweight)
relative to bodyweight.
Peak net force (above bodyweight) relative to bodyweight.| Peak net force (above bodyweight) | | :--- | | relative to bodyweight. |

剖析与适应监测
Profiling and adaptation
monitoring
Profiling and adaptation monitoring| Profiling and adaptation | | :--- | | monitoring |
Asymmetry Metrics 非对称性指标

超出体重的同心工作左右差异。
L/R difference of concentric work
performed above bodyweight.
L/R difference of concentric work performed above bodyweight.| L/R difference of concentric work | | :--- | | performed above bodyweight. |
 Return to play monitoring
回归比赛监测

正向起飞冲动不对称
Positive Takeoff
Impulse Asymmetry
Positive Takeoff Impulse Asymmetry| Positive Takeoff | | :--- | | Impulse Asymmetry |

同心相位中 L/R 力发展的速率。
Rate of L/R force development in the
concentric phase.
Rate of L/R force development in the concentric phase.| Rate of L/R force development in the | | :--- | | concentric phase. |
 Return to play monitoring
回归比赛监测

同心圆 RFD 不对称
Concentric RFD
Asymmetry
Concentric RFD Asymmetry| Concentric RFD | | :--- | | Asymmetry |

在峰值力量施加时，左右力输出的差异。
L/R difference in force output at the
moment of peak force application.
L/R difference in force output at the moment of peak force application.| L/R difference in force output at the | | :--- | | moment of peak force application. |
 Return to play monitoring
回归比赛监测

峰值功率不对称的力
Force at Peak Power
Asymmetry
Force at Peak Power Asymmetry| Force at Peak Power | | :--- | | Asymmetry |
Metrics Description Common Application(s) "Performance Metrics Jump Height (Imp- Mom)" "Outcome measure to give context to other metrics." "Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring" "Positive Takeoff Impulse" "Total concentric work performed above bodyweight." "Fatigue monitoring, adaptation monitoring" Concentric RFD "Rate of force development (RFD) in the concentric phase." Fatigue monitoring, profiling Peak Power / BM "Maximal power in the concentric phase relative to bodyweight." "Individual profiling and adaptation monitoring" "Peak Net Takeoff Force / BM" "Peak net force (above bodyweight) relative to bodyweight." "Profiling and adaptation monitoring" Asymmetry Metrics "L/R difference of concentric work performed above bodyweight." Return to play monitoring "Positive Takeoff Impulse Asymmetry" "Rate of L/R force development in the concentric phase." Return to play monitoring "Concentric RFD Asymmetry" "L/R difference in force output at the moment of peak force application." Return to play monitoring "Force at Peak Power Asymmetry" | Metrics | Description | Common Application(s) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Performance Metrics <br> Jump Height (Imp- <br> Mom) | Outcome measure to give context to <br> other metrics. | Fatigue monitoring, adaptation <br> monitoring | | Positive Takeoff <br> Impulse | Total concentric work performed <br> above bodyweight. | Fatigue monitoring, adaptation <br> monitoring | | Concentric RFD | Rate of force development (RFD) in <br> the concentric phase. | Fatigue monitoring, profiling | | Peak Power / BM | Maximal power in the concentric <br> phase relative to bodyweight. | Individual profiling and adaptation <br> monitoring | | Peak Net Takeoff Force <br> / BM | Peak net force (above bodyweight) <br> relative to bodyweight. | Profiling and adaptation <br> monitoring | | Asymmetry Metrics | L/R difference of concentric work <br> performed above bodyweight. | Return to play monitoring | | Positive Takeoff <br> Impulse Asymmetry | Rate of L/R force development in the <br> concentric phase. | Return to play monitoring | | Concentric RFD <br> Asymmetry | L/R difference in force output at the <br> moment of peak force application. | Return to play monitoring | | Force at Peak Power <br> Asymmetry | | |

2.4 Drop Jump (DJ)
2.4 跳落跳 (DJ)

The Drop Jump (DJ) test evaluates reactive ability and an individual’s stretch-shorten cycle capacity. The test has many similarities with repeat jumping and cutting maneuvers in athletics.
下落跳跃（DJ）测试评估反应能力和个体的拉伸-缩短循环能力。该测试与田径中的重复跳跃和切割动作有许多相似之处。
The goal of the DJ is to jump as high as possible but after minimal ground contact time.
DJ 的目标是尽可能高地跳跃，但在接触地面的时间最小化之后。
Below is a raw data trace of a typical Drop Jump test in ForceDecks, (showing only left, right and total vertical force - all other derivatives and key moment labels are toggled off to help with viewing):
以下是 ForceDecks 中典型的下落跳跃测试的原始数据轨迹（仅显示左侧、右侧和总垂直力 - 所有其他导数和关键时刻标签已关闭以帮助查看）：

2.4.1 Protocol 2.4.1 方案

To perform a Drop Jump test, follow these steps:
进行下落跳跃测试，请按照以下步骤操作：

Starting position: 起始位置：

  • Standing on box or elevated platform immediately behind force plates
    站在力板后面的箱子或高架平台上
  • Normal standing posture 正常站立姿势
  • Hands on hips 双手叉腰
  • Chest up and looking forward
    胸部抬起，目视前方

Protocol: 协议：

  1. Zero plates -Zero the plates. Ensure nothing is touching the plates during this step.
    零板 - 零板。确保在此步骤中没有任何物体接触到板。
  2. Weigh individual - Measure the individual’s weight.
    称量个体 - 测量个体的体重。
  3. Assume starting position - Ask individual to assume the starting position on the plates.
    假设起始位置 - 请个人在板上假设起始位置。
  4. Perform test - Instruct the individual to:
    进行测试 - 指示个人：
    a. Keep chest up and looking forward;
    保持胸部抬起，目视前方；
    b. Step out from the box(maintain hip height until drop of both feet); then
    b. 从箱子里走出来（保持臀部高度，直到双脚落地）；然后
    c. Land on the plates with both feet at the same time; then
    同时用双脚着陆在板上；然后
    d. Immediately jump as high as possible; then
    d. 立即尽可能高地跳起；然后
    e. Land softly, remaining completely still on the plates for 2-3 seconds; then
    轻轻着陆，在板上保持完全静止 2-3 秒；然后
    f. Assume the starting position again.
    f. 再次假设起始位置。
  5. Repeat - Repeat steps 3 and 4 to record the desired number of reps.
    重复 - 重复步骤 3 和 4 以记录所需的重复次数。
  6. Complete the test - Click to stop the recording and check the results.
    完成测试 - 点击停止录音并检查结果。
Common protocol errors Include:
常见的协议错误包括：
Error 错误 Potential Effect(s) 潜在影响

未在跳跃前称量个体体重
Not taking individual's
weight prior to jump
Not taking individual's weight prior to jump| Not taking individual's | | :--- | | weight prior to jump |
 With no bodyweight taken, detection will not be successful.
未考虑体重，检测将无法成功。
Error Potential Effect(s) "Not taking individual's weight prior to jump" With no bodyweight taken, detection will not be successful.| Error | Potential Effect(s) | | :--- | :--- | | Not taking individual's <br> weight prior to jump | With no bodyweight taken, detection will not be successful. |
Error example: 错误示例：
Here is an example of a test where 3 drop jumps were performed, but an individual’s bodyweight was not taken prior to testing, resulting in an error.
这里是一个测试的例子，其中进行了 3 次下落跳，但在测试之前没有测量个体的体重，导致了错误。
Error 错误 Potential Effect(s) 潜在影响
Walking off the box instead
走出箱子而不是
of hopping. 跳跃。

可以影响冲击时的不对称性，这可能导致数据质量差，尤其是在受伤后。这也会影响“有效跌落高度”，因为个体可以在跌落前降低身高，从而有效地改变跌落高度。如果下台阶的幅度足够大，也会影响接触时间的长度。
Can influence asymmetries upon impact which can lead to poor
data quality especially post injury. This will also influence "effective
drop height" as the individual can lower down before dropping and
effectively change the drop height. Can also influence contact time
lengths if the step down is significant enough.
Can influence asymmetries upon impact which can lead to poor data quality especially post injury. This will also influence "effective drop height" as the individual can lower down before dropping and effectively change the drop height. Can also influence contact time lengths if the step down is significant enough.| Can influence asymmetries upon impact which can lead to poor | | :--- | | data quality especially post injury. This will also influence "effective | | drop height" as the individual can lower down before dropping and | | effectively change the drop height. Can also influence contact time | | lengths if the step down is significant enough. |
Error Potential Effect(s) Walking off the box instead of hopping. "Can influence asymmetries upon impact which can lead to poor data quality especially post injury. This will also influence "effective drop height" as the individual can lower down before dropping and effectively change the drop height. Can also influence contact time lengths if the step down is significant enough."| Error | Potential Effect(s) | | :--- | :--- | | Walking off the box instead | | | of hopping. | Can influence asymmetries upon impact which can lead to poor <br> data quality especially post injury. This will also influence "effective <br> drop height" as the individual can lower down before dropping and <br> effectively change the drop height. Can also influence contact time <br> lengths if the step down is significant enough. |
Error example: 错误示例：
Here is an individual that stepped off the with the left leg leading (right foot planted on box). The initial impact can be seen very early on the left leg while the right leg picks up force just slightly later. One objective of the test is for the individual to contact the force plates with both limbs at the same time after stepping off the box.
这里有一个人左腿领先着从箱子上跳下（右脚踩在箱子上）。左腿在最初的冲击中可以很早就看到，而右腿稍晚一些开始承受力量。测试的一个目标是让个人在跳下箱子后同时用双腿接触力板。
Error 错误
Incorrect box height (manual entry).
不正确的箱子高度（手动输入）。

Potential Effect(s) 潜在影响

Jump height from flight time should be very similar to Imp-Mom method. If an error has occurred from manually entering a box height, there will be a difference between jump height via flight time and Imp-Mon calculation.
跳跃高度从飞行时间计算应与 Imp-Mom 方法非常相似。如果在手动输入箱子高度时发生错误，则通过飞行时间和 Imp-Mon 计算的跳跃高度之间会存在差异。

Error example: 错误示例：

In this example the drop height was entered in at 50cm (the actual height of the box) however the effective drop height was only an average of 38.3 cm (as seen below). This was likely due to either the test subject lowering down before stepping off the box or the platform height was not accounted for. Either way the drop height was reduced, and this leads to a large discrepancy in jump height between Flight Time and Impulse-Momentum. This should not be the case on a proper drop jump.
在这个例子中，跌落高度输入为 50 厘米（箱子的实际高度），然而有效跌落高度仅为平均 38.3 厘米（如下所示）。这可能是由于测试对象在跳下箱子之前降低了高度，或者平台高度没有被考虑到。无论哪种情况，跌落高度都被降低，这导致了飞行时间和冲量-动量之间的跳跃高度存在较大差异。在正确的跌落跳跃中不应出现这种情况。
Name 名称 - Max - 马克 Mean 平均 Fatigue 疲劳 Trial 1 试验 1 Trial 2 试验 2 Trial 3 试验 3 Trial 4 试验 4 SD CoV 冠状病毒 SEM 扫描电子显微镜
Performance - Takeoff Phase
性能 - 起飞阶段
Drop Height [cm] 跌落高度 [厘米] {50.0 50.0 0% 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 0 0.0% 0
Effective Drop [cm] 有效下降 [厘米] | 44.2 38.3 14.2% 36.0 35.5 37.5 44.2 3.5 9.1% 1.7
Jump Height (Flight Time) [cm]
跳跃高度（飞行时间）[厘米]		 63.7 57.8 1.6% 63.7 51.0 56.4 60.2 4.7 8.2% 2.4
Jump Height (Imp-Mom) [cm]
跳跃高度（冲量-动量）[厘米]		 54.2 45.4 15.1% 48.0 36.5 43.0 54.2 6.5 14.3% 3.2
Name - Max Mean Fatigue Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 SD CoV SEM Performance - Takeoff Phase Drop Height [cm] {50.0 50.0 0% 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 0 0.0% 0 Effective Drop [cm] | 44.2 38.3 14.2% 36.0 35.5 37.5 44.2 3.5 9.1% 1.7 Jump Height (Flight Time) [cm] 63.7 57.8 1.6% 63.7 51.0 56.4 60.2 4.7 8.2% 2.4 Jump Height (Imp-Mom) [cm] 54.2 45.4 15.1% 48.0 36.5 43.0 54.2 6.5 14.3% 3.2| Name | - Max | Mean | Fatigue | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Trial 4 | SD | CoV | SEM | | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Performance - Takeoff Phase | | | | | | | | | | | | Drop Height [cm] | {50.0 | 50.0 | 0% | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | | Effective Drop [cm] | \| 44.2 | 38.3 | 14.2% | 36.0 | 35.5 | 37.5 | 44.2 | 3.5 | 9.1% | 1.7 | | Jump Height (Flight Time) [cm] | 63.7 | 57.8 | 1.6% | 63.7 | 51.0 | 56.4 | 60.2 | 4.7 | 8.2% | 2.4 | | Jump Height (Imp-Mom) [cm] | 54.2 | 45.4 | 15.1% | 48.0 | 36.5 | 43.0 | 54.2 | 6.5 | 14.3% | 3.2 |

2.4.2 Key Moments and Phases
2.4.2 关键时刻和阶段

ForceDecks auto-detects the following key moments in a Drop Jump:
ForceDecks 自动检测以下在下落跳跃中的关键时刻：
Key Moments 关键时刻 Description 描述
Drop Landing 落地跳 Point where a 20N threshold is exceeded.
超过 20N 阈值的点。
Peak Impact Force 峰值冲击力 Greatest passive force on impact from box drop.
从箱子掉落时产生的最大被动冲击力。
Contact Trough