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中國醫藥大學 112學年度第 2 學期1考試試卷

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科目

命題教師

考試時間

系級

學號

姓名

評分

生物學

生物小組

50分鐘

生科

注意:請用正楷填寫學號及姓名,否則無從查考,該科以零分計。(本試題共6頁)

一、選擇題multiple choice (單選,答錯不倒扣,每題2.5%)

1) Cladograms (a type of phylogenetic tree) constructed from evidence from molecular systematics are based on similarities in
1 根據分子系統學的證據構建的分支圖(一種系統發育樹)基於

A) morphology. B) the pattern of embryological development.
A) 形態學。B) 胚胎發育模式。

C) habitat and lifestyle choices. D) mutations to homologous genes.
C) 棲息地和生活方式的選擇。D 同源基因突變

2) Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants?
2 以下哪項不是第一批陸地植物生存的挑戰?

A) sources of water B) sperm transfer C) desiccation D) animal predation
A) B) 精子轉移C) 乾燥D) 動物捕食

3) Considering that the mature sporophytes of true mosses get their nutrition from the gametophytes on which they grow, and considering these generations as individual plants, what is true of the relationship between true moss sporophytes and gametophytes?
3 考慮到真苔蘚的成熟孢子體從它們生長的配子體中獲取營養,並將這些世代視為單獨的植物,那麼真苔蘚孢子體和配子體之間的關係是怎樣的?

A) Sporophytes are endosymbionts of gametophytes.
A) 孢子體是配子體的內共生體。

B) Sporophytes are mutualists of gametophytes.
B) 孢子體是配子體的互惠體。

C) Sporophytes are commensalists of gametophytes.
C) 孢子體是 配子體的共同體

D) Sporophytes are parasites of gametophytes.
D) 孢子體是配子體的寄生蟲。

4) A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to
4一位植物學家在熱帶雨林中發現了一種新的植物。在觀察了它的解剖結構和生命週期後,他注意到以下特徵:有鞭毛的精子,木質部有管胞,單獨的配子體和孢子體世代,孢子體佔主導地位,沒有種子。這種植物可能與

A) mosses. B) ferns. C) gymnosperms. D) flowering plants.
A) 苔蘚B) 蕨類植物。C裸子植物D開花植物。

5) Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated.
5 按照正確的順序排列以下內容,從最早到最近,這些植物性狀的起源。

1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence
1. 孢子體優勢,配子體獨立性

2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence
2. 孢子體優勢,配子體依賴性

3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence
3. 配子體優勢,孢子體依賴性

A) 1 → 2 → 3 B) 2 → 1 → 3
A) 1 → 2 → 3B) 2 → 1 → 3

C) 3 → 2 → 1 D) 3 → 1 → 2
C) 3 → 2 → 1D) 3 → 1 → 2

6) If a female orchid bee has just left a Brazil nut tree with nectar in her stomach, and if she visits another flower on a different Brazil nut tree, what is the sequence in which the following events should occur?
6如果一隻雌性蘭花蜜剛剛離開一棵肚子里有花蜜的巴西堅果樹,如果她拜訪了另一棵巴西堅果樹上的另一朵花,那麼以下事件應該以什麼順序發生?

1. double fertilization
1. 雙重受精

2. pollen tube emerges from pollen grain
2. 花粉管從花粉粒中出來

3. pollen tube enters micropyle
3. 花粉管進入micropyle

4. pollination
4. 授粉

A) 4, 2, 3, 1 B) 4, 3, 2, 1 C) 2, 4, 3, 1 D) 2, 4, 1, 3
A) 4, 2, 3, 1B) 4, 3, 2, 1C) 2, 4, 3, 1D) 2, 4, 1, 3

7) About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have _____.
7大約 4.5 億年前,地球上的陸地景觀會_____。

A) looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees
A) 看起來與今天非常相似,有花、草、灌木和樹木

B) been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained bacteria and cyanobacteria
B) 完全裸露的岩石,有含有細菌和藍藻的小水池

C) been covered with tall forests in swamps that became today's coal
C) 澤中覆蓋著高大的森林,這些森林成為今天的煤炭

D) had non-vascular green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock
D) 具有類似於苔類植物的非維管綠植物,在岩石上形成綠色墊

8) In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants?
8除了種子之外,以下哪些特徵是產生種子的植物所獨有的?

A) pollen B) lignin present in cell walls C) sporopollenin
A) 花粉B) 存在於細胞壁中的木質素C) 孢粉素

D) use of air currents as a dispersal agent E) megaphylls
D) 使用氣流作為擴散劑E) 巨葉

9) A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what should occur?
9 一位研究人員開發了兩種用於種子植物的染色劑。一種將孢子體組織染成藍色;另一個將配子體組織染成紅色。如果研究人員將花粉粒暴露在兩種污漬中,然後沖洗掉多餘的污漬,會發生什麼情況?

A) The pollen grains will be pure red.
A) 花粉粒將是純紅色的。

B) The pollen grains will be pure blue.
B) 花粉粒將是純藍色的。

C) The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.
C) 花粉粒的內部為紅色,外部為藍色。

D) The pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors.
D) 花粉粒的內部為藍色,外部為紅色。

E) Insofar as the pollen grains are independent of the plant that produced them, they will not absorb either stain.
E) 只要花粉粒獨立於產生它們的植物,它們就不會吸收任何一種污漬。

10) In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?
10 在植物中,減數分裂產生以下哪些?

A) haploid sporophytes B) haploid gametes C) diploid gametes
A) 單倍體孢子體B) 單倍體配子C) 二倍體配子

D) haploid spores E) diploid spores
D) 單倍體孢子E) 二倍體孢子

11) Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?
11以下哪一項是被子植物的特徵?

A) complete reliance on wind as the pollinating agent
A) 完全依賴風作為授粉媒介

B) double internal fertilization
B) 雙重內部受精

C) free-living gametophytes
C) 自由生活的配子體

D) carpels that contain microsporangia
D) 含有小孢子囊的心皮

E) ovules that are not contained within ovaries
E) 卵巢內未包含胚珠

12) Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?
12地錢、金縷梅和苔蘚被歸為苔蘚植物。除了沒有維管組織之外,它們還有什麼共同點?

A) They are all wind pollinated. B) They are heterosporous.
A) 它們都是風授粉的。B) 它們是異孢子的

C) They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae.
C) 它們可以通過產生 gemmae 進行無性繁殖

D) They require water for reproduction.
D) 它們需要水來繁殖。

13) Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?
13 其中哪一個是陸地植物進化的主要趨勢?

A) the trend toward smaller size
A) 小型化趨勢

B) the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle
B) 以配子體為主的生命週期趨勢

C) the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle
C) 孢子體主導生命周期的趨勢

D) the trend toward larger gametophytes
D) 配子體變大趨勢

14) Hypothetically, one of the major benefits of double fertilization in angiosperms is to
14 假設被子植物雙重受精的主要好處之一是

A) decrease the potential for mutation by insulating the embryo with other cells.
A) 通過將胚胎與其他細胞隔離來降低突變的可能性。

B) increase the number of fertilization events and offspring produced.
B) 增加受精事件和產生的後代的數量。

C) promote diversity in flower shape and color.
C) 促進花形和顏色的多樣性。

D) coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores.
D) 協調胚胎與其食物儲備之間的發育時間。

E) emphasize embryonic survival by increasing embryo size.
E) 通過增加胚胎大小來強調胚胎存活。

15) Carpels and stamens are
15心皮和雄蕊是

A) sporophyte plants in their own right.
A) 子體植物本身。

B) gametophyte plants in their own right.
B) 配子體植物本身。

C) gametes.
C) 配子

D) spores.
D) 孢子

E) modified sporophylls.
E) 改良孢子葉

16) What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales?
16 雄蕊、萼片、花瓣、心皮和松果鱗片是怎樣的?

A) They are female reproductive parts.
A) 它們是女性的生殖部分。

B) None are capable of photosynthesis.
B) 沒有一個能夠進行光合作用。

C) They are modified leaves.
C) 它們是改性的葉子。

D) They are found on flowers.
D) 它們存在於花朵上。

E) They are found on angiosperms.
E) 它們存在於被子植物上。

17) Jams, jellies, preserves, honey, and other foods with high sugar content hardly ever become contaminated by bacteria, even when the food containers are left open at room temperature. Which of the following statements best explains the inability of bacteria to survive in such an environment?
17)果醬、果凍、蜜餞、蜂蜜和其他含糖量高的食物幾乎不會被細菌污染,即使食品容器在室溫下打開也是如此。以下哪項陳述最能解釋細菌無法在這樣的環境中生存?

A) they are unable to swim through these thick and viscous materials
A) 它們無法穿過這些厚而粘稠的物質

B) they are unable to metabolize the glucose or fructose, and thus starve to death
B) 他們無法代謝葡萄糖或果糖,因此餓死

C) they are obligate anaerobes
C) 它們是專性厭氧菌

D) they undergo death as a result of water loss from the cell
D) 他們因細胞失水而死亡

18) A bacterium has the following characteristics:
18)細菌具有以下特徵:

It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration
粘附在人體腸道內壁上,利用一種保護其免受吞噬細胞、噬菌體和脫水的特性

It can survive being boiled
它可以煮沸後存活

It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan
它不含質粒和相對較少的肽聚糖

Which of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining?
以下哪些特徵使這種細菌能夠粘附在腸道內壁上?

A) pili B) fimbriae C) an endospore D) a flagellum
A) 菌毛B) 菌毛C) 內生孢子D) 鞭毛

19) In which part of a bacterium is the complete chromosome found?
19) 在細菌的哪個部分發現了完整的染色體?

A) plasmid B) mitochondrion C) nucleus D) nucleoid
A) 質粒B) 線粒體C) 細胞核D) 類核

20) Which of the following processes leads to genetic recombination by the introduction of viral DNA into a bacterium?
20)以下哪個過程通過將病毒 DNA 引入細菌中導致基因重組?

A) transduction B) conjugation C) transformation
A) 轉導 B) 偶聯 C) 轉化

D) horizontal gene transfer
D) 水準基因轉移

21) Which of the following statements correctly describes both phototrophs and chemotrophs?
21)以下哪項陳述正確地描述了光養生物和趨化生物

A) Chemotrophs obtain energy from chemicals and phototrophs obtain energy from light
A) 化學養生物從化學物質中獲取能量,而光養生物從光中獲取能量

B) Both obtain their energy from chemicals
B) 兩者都從化學品中獲得能量

C) Both obtain their energy from light D) Both are also autotrophs
C) 兩者都從光中獲取能量D) 兩者都是自養生物

22) Root apical meristems are found ________.
22)根尖分生組織發現________。

A) only in adventitious roots B) only in lateral roots
A) 僅在不定根中B) 僅在側根中

C) only in taproots D) in all roots
C) 僅在主根中D) 在所有根中

23) Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of ________.
23)植物體的大部分生長是________的結果。

A) cell elongation B) morphogenesis C) cell division D) cell differentiation
A) 細胞伸長 B) 形態發生C) 細胞分裂D) 細胞分化

24) Which of the following genes is involved in the production of root hairs?
24) 以下哪些基因參與根毛的產生?

A) KNOTTED-1 B) MADS-box C) Hox genes D) GLABRA-2 gene
A) 打結-1 B) MADS-box C) Hox 基因 D) GLABRA-2 基因

25) The bark of a tree trunk includes which of the following tissues?
25)樹榦的樹皮包括以下哪些組織?

A) secondary phloem and layers of periderm
A) 次生韌皮部和周皮層

B) heartwood and phloem
B) 心材和韌皮部

C) primary and secondary phloem
C) 初級和次級韌皮部

D) heartwood and sapwood
D) 心材和邊材

26) Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?
26)老樹的主要生長發生在什麼地方?

A) where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are located
A) 維管形成層和軟木形成層所在的位置

B) closest to ground level at the base of the tree
B) 樹的底部最接近地面

C) in young branches where leaves are forming
C) 正在形成葉子的幼枝

D) Nowhere; trees more than a year old have only secondary growth.
D) 無處可去;樹齡超過一年的樹木只有次生生長。

27) Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap toward the stem?
27)以下哪一項是根初級生長中從根帽向莖移動的區域的正確順序?

A) zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation
A) 細胞分裂區、分化區、伸長區

B) zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division
B) 分化區、伸長區、細胞分裂區

C) zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation
C) 伸長區、細胞分裂區、分化區

D) zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation
D) 細胞分裂區、伸長區、分化區

28) Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?
28) 以下哪些細胞或組織起源於外側分生組織活動?

A) tubers B) leaves C) trichomes D) secondary xylem
A) 塊莖B) 葉片C) 毛狀體D) 次生木質部

二、簡答題Answer the Question.
二、回答問題。

1. Please write down the methods of pollination. 12%
1.請寫下授粉的方法12%

2. Do you think GM organisms (GMOs) are beneficial or harmful to humans? Why? 10%
2.您認為轉基因生物 (GMO) 對人類有益還是有害?為什麼?10%

3. Biofilms are common in nature, but can cause many problems for humans including? 8%
3. 生物膜在自然界中很常見,但會給人類帶來許多問題,包括?8%