(30 minutes)
（30分钟）
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分之后将进行听力考试
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay related to the short passage given below. In your essay; you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and suggest to address the issue.You should write atleast 150 words but no more than 200 words.
说明：对于这一部分，您有 30 分钟的时间写一篇与下面给出的短文相关的文章。在你的论文中；你要对文章中描述的现象进行评论，并提出解决问题的建议。你应该写至少150字，但不超过200字。
Nowadays star chasing is prevalent among many teenagers. They take p stars as their idols, imitating their way of talking. following their style of dressing, and seeking every chance to meet them in person at great expenses.
如今追星在很多青少年中盛行。他们把p星当作偶像，模仿他们的说话方式。追随他们的着装风格，不惜花费巨资寻找一切机会与他们见面。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
第二部分听力理解（30 分钟）
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A),B)C)and
说明：在本节中，您将听到两个长对话。在每个对话结束时，您将听到四个问题。对话和问题都只会说一次。听到问题后，您必须从标记为 A)、B)C) 和的四个选项中选择最佳答案
5.A)Where successful people,s strengths come from. B)Why many people fight so hard for success C)How she achieved her life'sgoal. D)What makes people successful 6.A)Having someone whohas confidence in them B)Having someone who is ready to help them C)Having a firm belief in their own ability. D)Having arealistic attitude towards life B)They try hard to appear optimistic C)They stay positive D)They remain calm 8.A)An understanding leadership B)A nurturing environment. C)Mutual respect among colleague D)Highly cooperative teammates
5.A) 成功人士的优势来自哪里。 B) 为什么许多人为成功而奋斗 C) 她如何实现人生目标。 D) 是什么让人们成功 6.A) 有一个对他们有信心的人 B) 有一个愿意帮助他们的人 C) 对自己的能力有坚定的信念。 D) 对生活抱有现实的态度 B) 他们努力表现得乐观 C) 他们保持积极的态度 D) 他们保持冷静 8.A) 理解的领导力 B) 培育的环境。 C) 同事之间相互尊重 D) 团队成员高度合作
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you you will hear four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you musts choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),
说明：在本节中，您将听到两个段落。在每个段落的末尾，您将听到四个问题。短文和问题都只会说一次。听到问题后，您必须从标记为 A) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案，
B)Their food mainly consists of small animals and fish. C)They have big eyes and distinctive visual centers D)Their ancestor is different from that of micro bats 10. A)With the help of moonlight B)By means of echolocation. C)With the aid of daylight vision. " D)By means of vision and smell. 11.A)To makeup for their natural absence of vision B)To adapt themselves to a particular lifestyle C)To facilitate their travel over long distances D)To survive in the ever-changing weather.
B)他们的食物主要是小动物和鱼。 C) 它们有大眼睛和独特的视觉中心 D) 它们的祖先与微型蝙蝠不同 10. A) 借助月光 B) 通过回声定位。 C）借助日光视觉。 D) 通过视觉和嗅觉。 11.A) 为他们天生的视力缺失进行化妆 B) 使自己适应特定的生活方式 C) 方便他们长途旅行 D) 在不断变化的天气中生存。
C)Encourage their children to retell the story D)Ask their children to describe its characters
C) 鼓励孩子重述故事 D) 让孩子描述故事中的人物
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question, you musts choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)
说明：在本部分中，您将听到三段讲座或演讲的录音，然后是三到四个问题。录音只会播放一次。听到问题后，您必须从标有 A) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案
22.A)Cultivation of new varieties of crops. B) Measures to cope with climate change C)Development of more effective pesticides D)Application of more nitrogen-rich fertilizers. 23. A )The expansion of farmland in developing countries B ） The research on crop rotation in developing countries. C) The cooperation of the world's agricultural scientists. D) The improvement of agricultural infrastructure. 24. A)For encouraging farmers to embrace new farming techniques B)For aligning their research with advances in farming technology C)For turning their focus to the needs of farmers in poorer countries D)For cooperating closely with policymakers in developing countries. 25. A )Rapid transition to become a food exporter. B)Substantial funding in agricultural research. C)Quick rise to become a leading grain producer. D)Assumption of humanitarian responsibilities.
22.A)农作物新品种培育。 B) 应对气候变化的措施 C) 开发更有效的农药 D) 施用更多的富氮肥料。 23. A）发展中国家耕地面积的扩大 B）发展中国家轮作的研究。 C) 世界农业科学家的合作。 D）农业基础设施的改善。 24. A) 鼓励农民采用新的农业技术 B) 使他们的研究与农业技术的进步保持一致 C) 将他们的重点转向较贫穷国家农民的需求 D) 与发展中国家的政策制定者密切合作。 25. A) 快速转型为食品出口国。 B）农业研究的大量资金。 C）快速崛起成为粮食生产大国。 D) 承担人道主义责任。
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
阅读理解（40 分钟）
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem onAnswer Sheet 2with a single lie through the centre.You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.
说明：在本节中，有一段有十个空格。您需要从单词库中给出的选项列表中为每个空白选择一个单词，单词库中的选项由字母标识：请在答题纸 2 上的每个项目上标记相应的字母，并在中间用一个谎言标记。您不可以多次使用银行中的任何单词。
According to psychologist Sharon Draper, our clothing choices can absolutely affect our wellbeing. When we. wear ill-fitting clothes, or feel over- or under-dressed for an event, it's natural to feel self-conscious or even stressed. Conversely, she says opting for clothes that fit well and 26 with your sense of style can improve your confidence.
心理学家莎朗·德雷珀 (Sharon Draper) 表示，我们的服装选择绝对会影响我们的健康。当我们。穿着不合身的衣服，或者在某项活动中感觉衣着过多或过少，感到难为情甚至有压力是很自然的。相反，她说选择合身且符合你风格的 26 号衣服可以提高你的自信。
But can you improve your health through your 27 clothing, without having to dash out and buy a whole new 28? "Absolutely, "says Draper. If your goal is to improve your thinking, she recommends picking clothes that fit well and are unlikely to encourage restlessness, so, avoid bows, ties and unnecessary 29, It also helps to opt for clothes you -30 as tying in with your goals, so, if you want to perform better at work, select pieces you view as professional, Draper says this fits in with the concept of behavioral activation, whereby 31 in a behavior(in this ease, selecting clothes)can set you on the path to then achieving your goals( working harder)
但是，您是否可以通过 27 号衣服来改善您的健康，而不必冲出去购买全新的 28 号衣服呢？ “当然，”德雷珀说。如果你的目标是提高你的思维，她建议选择合身的衣服，不太可能鼓励不安，所以，避免蝴蝶结，领带和不必要的29，它也有助于选择你-30的衣服，因为与你的目标相结合，因此，如果你想在工作中表现更好，请选择你认为专业的衣服，Draper 说这符合行为激活的概念，其中 31 种行为（在这种情况下，选择衣服）可以让你走上然后实现你的目标（更加努力）
Another way to improve your 32 of mind is to mix things up. Draper say we often feel stuck in a rutOif we wear the same clothes- even if theyre our favorites-thus oping for an item you don t wear often, or adding something different to an outfit such as a hat, can 33 shit your mood. On days when you're really 34 to brave the world, Draper suggests selecting sentimental items of clothing. such as ones you wore on a special day, or given to you by a loved one, as clothes with 35 associations can help you tap into constructive emotions.
另一种提高 32 岁智力的方法是将事物混合起来。德雷珀说，我们经常感到墨守成规。如果我们穿同样的衣服——即使它们是我们最喜欢的——因此选择一件你不常穿的衣服，或者在衣服上添加一些不同的东西，比如帽子，33会影响你的心情。当你真正 34 岁的时候，要勇敢面对这个世界，德雷珀建议选择一些感性的衣服。例如您在特殊日子穿的衣服或亲人送给您的衣服，因为具有 35 种联想的衣服可以帮助您激发建设性情绪。
A)accessories B)align C)current. E)engaging F)fond H)locations J)positively K)profile. L)prospering. N) showcase O) wardrobe.
A) 配件 B) 对齐 C) 当前。 E) 参与 F) 喜爱 H) 地点 J) 积极 K) 个人资料。 L）繁荣。 N) 展示柜 O) 衣柜。
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：在本节中，您将阅读附有十个陈述的段落。每个陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。确定从中导出信息的段落。您可以多次选择一个段落。每个段落标有字母 通过在答题纸 2 上标出相应的字母来回答问题。
[A] The economist J.K.Galbraith once wrote, “Faced with a choice between changing ones mind and proving there is no need to do so, almost everyone gets busy with the proof."
[A] 经济学家 JKGalbraith 曾经写道：“面对改变想法和证明没有必要这样做之间的选择，几乎每个人都忙于证明。”
[B] Leo Tolstoy was even bolder. The most difficult subjects can be explained to the thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded that he knows already, without a shadow of doubt, what is laid before him.
[B] 列夫·托尔斯泰更加大胆。如果最聪明的人坚信他已经毫无疑问地知道摆在他面前的事情，那么最困难的主题就可以解释清楚。
[C] What's going on here? Why don't facts change our minds? And why would someone continue to believe a false or inaccurate idea anyway? How such behaviors If your model of reality is wildly different from the accuracy are not the only things that matter to the human mind. Humans also seem to have a deep desire to belong. [D] In Atomic Habits, I wrote, “Humans are herd animals. We want to fit in. to bond with others, and to earn the respect and approval of our peers. Such inclinations are essential to our survival. For most of our evolutionary history, our ancestors lived in tribes. Becoming separated from the tribe or worse, being cast out was a death [E]Understanding the truth of a situation is important, but so is remaining part of a tribe. While these two desires often work well conflict. In many circumstances, social connect actually more helpful to your daily life than understanding the truth of fact or idea. The Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker put it this way, "People are embraced or condemned according to their beliefs, so one function of the mind may be to hold beliefs that bring the belief-holder the greatest number of allies, protectors, or disciples(E). rather than beliefs that are most likely to be true.
[C] 这是怎么回事？为什么事实不能改变我们的想法？为什么有人会继续相信错误或不准确的想法？如果你的现实模型与准确性有很大不同，那么这种行为对人类思维来说并不是唯一重要的事情。人类似乎也有强烈的归属感。 [D] 在《原子习惯》中，我写道：“人类是群居动物。我们希望融入他人，与他人建立联系，并赢得同行的尊重和认可。这种倾向对于我们的生存至关重要。在我们进化史上的大部分时间里，我们的祖先都生活在部落中。与部落分离或更糟的是，被驱逐就意味着死亡 [E]了解情况的真相很重要，但保留部落的一部分也很重要。虽然这两种愿望常常发生冲突。在许多情况下，社交联系实际上比了解事实或想法的真相对您的日常生活更有帮助。哈佛大学心理学家史蒂文·平克这样说：“人们根据自己的信仰受到欢迎或谴责，因此心灵的一项功能可能就是持有信念，为信念持有者带来最多数量的盟友、保护者或门徒（E ）而不是最有可能为真的信念。
[F] We don't always believe things because they are correct. Sometimes we believe things because they make us look good to the people we care about. I thought Kevin Simler put it well when he wrote, "If a brain anticipates that it will be rewarded for adopting a particular belief, it's perfectly happy to do so, and doesn't much care where the reward comes from whether it s pragmatic(实用主义的）better outcomes resulting from better decisions), social (better treatment from ones peers), or some mix of the two.”
[F] 我们并不总是因为事情是正确的而相信它们。有时我们相信一些事情是因为它们让我们在我们关心的人面前看起来很好。我认为凯文·西姆勒（Kevin Simler）写得很好，“如果一个大脑预期它会因采用某种特定信念而获得奖励，那么它会非常乐意这样做，并且不太关心奖励来自哪里是否务实（实用主义的）更好的结果来自更好的决策），社会（来自同龄人的更好的待遇），或两者的某种混合。
[G]False beliefs can be useful in a social sense even if they are not useful in a factual sense. For lack of a better phrase, we might call this approach"factually false, but socially accurate. When we have to choose between the two, people often select friends and family over facts, This insight not only explains why we might hold our tongue at a dinner party or look the other way when our parents say something offensive, but also reveals a better way to change the minds of others
[G]错误信念在社会意义上可能有用，即使它们在事实意义上没有用。由于缺乏更好的措辞，我们可能会称这种方法“事实上是错误的，但在社会上是准确的”。当我们必须在两者之间做出选择时，人们经常选择朋友和家人而不是事实。这种见解不仅解释了为什么我们可能会保持沉默晚宴上，或者当我们的父母说了一些冒犯的话时，他们会看向别处，但也揭示了改变他人想法的更好方法
[H] Convincing someone to change their mind is really the process of convincing them to change their tribe. If they abandon their beliefs, they run the risk of losing social ties. You can't expect someone to change their mind if you take away their community too. You have to give them somewhere to go. Nobody wants their worldview tom apart if loneliness is the outcome.
[H] 说服某人改变主意实际上就是说服他们改变部落的过程。如果他们放弃自己的信仰，他们就有失去社会联系的风险。如果你也剥夺了他们的社区，你就不能指望他们会改变主意。你必须给他们一个地方可以去。如果结果是孤独，没有人愿意自己的世界观被打破。
[l] The way to change peoples minds is to become friends with them, to integrate them into your tribe, to bring them into your circle. Now, they can change their beliefs without the risk of being abandoned socially
[l] 改变人们想法的方法是与他们成为朋友，将他们融入你的部落，将他们带入你的圈子。现在，他们可以改变自己的信仰，而不必担心被社会抛弃的风险
[J] Perhaps it is not difference, but distance, that breeds tribalism and hostility. As proximity increases, so does understanding. I am reminded of Abraham Lincolns quote, "I don't like that man. I must get to know him better."
[J] 也许不是差异，而是距离，滋生了部落主义和敌意。随着距离的增加，理解也随之增加。我想起了亚伯拉罕·林肯的名言：“我不喜欢那个人。我必须更好地了解他。”
[K] Facts don't change our minds. Friendship does. Years ago, Ben Casnocha mention an idea to me that I haven't been able to shake: The people who are most likely to change our change our minds are the ones we agree with on 98 percent of topics. If someone you know, like, and trust believes a radical idea, you are more likely to give it merit, weight, or consideration. You already agree with them in most areas of life. Maybe you should change your mind on this one too. But if someone wildly different than you proposes the same radical idea, well, it's easy to dismiss themasnuts.
[K] 事实不会改变我们的想法。友谊确实如此。几年前，本·卡斯诺查（Ben Casnocha）向我提到了一个我一直无法动摇的想法：最有可能改变我们想法的人是那些我们在 98% 的话题上都同意的人。如果你认识、喜欢和信任的人相信一个激进的想法，你就更有可能给予它优点、重视或考虑。在生活的大部分领域，你已经同意他们的观点。也许你也应该改变主意。但如果一个与你截然不同的人提出了同样激进的想法，那么，很容易驳回这些疯子。
[L] One way to visualize this distinction spectrum. If you divide this spectrum into 10 units and you find yourself at Position 7, then there is little sense in trying to at Position 1. The gap is too wide. When you're at Position 7, your time is better spent connecting with people who are at Positions 6 and 8, gradually pulling them in your direction.
[L] 一种可视化这种区别谱的方法。如果您将此频谱划分为 10 个单位，并且发现自己处于位置 7，那么尝试处于位置 1 就没有什么意义。差距太大了。当你处于第 7 号位置时，你最好把时间花在与处于第 6 号和第 8 号位置的人联系上，逐渐将他们拉向你的方向。
[M] The most heated arguments often occur between people on opposite ends of the spectrum, but the most frequent learning occurs from people who are nearby. The closer you are to someone, the more likely it becomes that the one or two beliefs you don't share will bleed over into your own mind and shape your thinking. The further away an idea is from your current position, the more likely you are to reject it outright When it comes to changing people, s minds, it is very difficult to jump from one side to another. You can't jump down the spectrum. You have to slide down it.
[M] 最激烈的争论通常发生在处于不同立场的人之间，但最常见的学习却发生在附近的人之间。你与某人越亲近，你不认同的一两个信念就越有可能渗入你的思想并塑造你的思维。一个想法离你当前的立场越远，你就越有可能彻底拒绝它。当谈到改变人们的想法时，从一边跳到另一边是非常困难的。你不能跳下频谱。你必须滑下它。
[N]Any idea that is sufficiently different from your current worldview will feel threatening, And the best place to ponder a threatening idea is in a non-threatening environment. As a result. books are often a better vehicle. for transforming beliefs than conversations or debates. In conversation. people have to carefully consider their status and appearance. They want to save face and avoid looking stupid. When confronted with an uncomfortable set of facts, the tendency is often to double down on their current position rather than publicly admit to being wrong. Books resolve this tension.With abook,the conversation takes place inside someones head andwithout the risk of being judged by others, It's easier to be open-minded when you aren't feeling defensive.
[N]任何与你当前的世界观完全不同的想法都会感到威胁，而思考威胁性想法的最佳场所是在非威胁性的环境中。因此。书籍往往是更好的工具。改变信仰而不是对话或辩论。谈话中。人们必须仔细考虑自己的地位和外表。他们想保住面子，避免显得愚蠢。当面对一系列令人不安的事实时，人们往往倾向于加倍坚持自己目前的立场，而不是公开承认错误。书籍可以解决这种紧张关系。通过一本书，对话可以在某人的脑海中进行，并且没有被他人评判的风险。当你不感到防御时，更容易保持开放的态度。
[O] There is another bad ideas continue to live on, which is that people continue to talk about them. Silence is death for any idea. An idea that is never spoken or written down dies with the person who conceived it. Ideas can only be remembered when they are repeated. They can only be believed when they are repeated. I have already pointed out that people repeat ideas to signal they are part of the same social they complain about them. Before you can criticize an idea, you have to reference that idea You end up repeating the ideas you're hoping people will forget but, of course, people cant forget them because you keep talking about them. The more you repeat a bad idea, the more likely people are to believe it.
[O]还有另一个坏想法live存在，那就是人们继续谈论它们。对于任何想法来说，沉默就是死亡。一个从未被说出来或写下来的想法会随着构思它的人而消失。想法只有在重复时才能被记住。只有当它们被重复时才能被相信。我已经指出，人们重复想法是为了表明他们是他们抱怨的同一个社会的一部分。在你批评一个想法之前，你必须引用那个想法。你最终会重复你希望人们会忘记的想法，但当然，人们无法忘记它们，因为你一直在谈论它们。你重复一个坏主意的次数越多，人们就越有可能相信它。
[P] Lets call this phenomenon Clear's Law of Recurrenee: The number of people who believe an idea is directly proportional to the number of times it has been repeated 36. According to the author, humans can hardly survive if separated from their community. 37. People often accept false beliefs because they prioritize social bonds rather than facts.
[P] 让我们把这种现象称为克利尔重复法则：相信一个想法的人数与该想法被重复的次数成正比。 36. 根据作者的说法，如果脱离社区，人类就很难生存。 37. 人们经常接受错误的信念，因为他们优先考虑社会纽带而不是事实。
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A) B),C and D).You should decide on thebest choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through thecentre.
说明：本节有 2 段。每篇文章后面都有一些问题或未完成的陈述。每个问题都有四个选项，标记为 A) B)、C 和 D)。您应该决定最佳选项，并在答题纸 2 上用一条穿过中心的单线标记相应的字母。
The subject of automation and its role in our economy has taken hold American public discourse. Technology broadly and automation specifically are dramatically reshaping the way we work. And we need to have a plan for what's still to come.
自动化及其在经济中的作用这一主题已经占据了美国公众的话题。广泛的技术，特别是自动化正在极大地重塑我们的工作方式。我们需要为即将发生的事情制定一个计划。
We don't have to look further than our own communities to see the devastating impact of automation. From automated warehouses to cashier less grocery stores to neighborhood libraries that offer self-checkout lanes instead of employing real people automation is increasingly replacing jobs and leaving too few good new jobs behind.
我们只需看看我们自己的社区就可以看到自动化的破坏性影响。从自动化仓库到无收银员的杂货店，再到提供自助结账通道而不是雇用真人的社区图书馆，自动化正在越来越多地取代工作岗位，留下的好新工作岗位太少了。
The statistic in manufacturing are staggering. Despite the widespread fears about trade, a recent report showed that just 13 percent of jobs lost in manufacturing are due to trade - the rest of the losses have been due to advances in technology
制造业的统计数字令人震惊。尽管人们普遍担心贸易，但最近的一份报告显示，制造业中只有 13% 的就业岗位流失是由贸易造成的，其余的流失都是由于技术进步造成的
That is why more people are criticizing the ever-increasing role of technology in our economy. Our country is manufacturing more than ever before, but we are doing it with fewer workers. However it's not just factories that are seeing losses-software and information technology are also having a dramatic jobs most people think are secure from the forces of a rapidly-changing. Something transformative is happening in America that is having an adverse effect on American families. Whether policymakers and politicians admit it or not, workers have made clear their feelings. about their insecurity and desire to keep good jobs in America
这就是为什么越来越多的人批评技术在我们经济中日益重要的作用。我们国家的制造业比以往任何时候都多，但我们使用的工人却更少。然而，遭受损失的不仅仅是工厂，软件和信息技术领域也面临着一些引人注目的工作，大多数人认为这些工作可以免受快速变化的影响。美国正在发生一些变革，这对美国家庭产生了不利影响。无论决策者和政治家是否承认，工人们已经明确表达了他们的感受。关于他们的不安全感和想在美国保住好工作的愿望
So why are people so insistent on ignoring the perils of automation? They are failing to look ahead at a time when planning for the future is more important than ever. Resisting automation is futile: it is as inevitable as industrialization was before it. I sincerely hope that those who assert that automation will make us more effective and pave the way for new occupations are right, but the reality of automation s detrimental effects on workers makes me skeptical. No one can currently say where the new jobs are coming from or when, and any sensible company or country should prepare for all alternatives
那么，为什么人们如此坚持忽视自动化的危险呢？在规划未来比以往任何时候都更加重要的时候，他们却未能展望未来。抵制自动化是徒劳的：它就像之前的工业化一样不可避免。我真诚地希望那些断言自动化将使我们更加高效并为新职业铺平道路的人是正确的，但自动化对工人产生不利影响的现实让我持怀疑态度。目前没有人能说出新的就业机会来自何处或何时，任何明智的公司或国家都应该为所有替代方案做好准备
I'm not overstating the danger: look at what's happened to the labor force. According to economic research, one in six working-age men, 25-54 doesn't have a job. Fifty years ago, nearly 1oo percent of men that age were working. Women's labor force participation, meanwhile, has slipped back to the level it was at in the late
我并没有夸大这种危险：看看劳动力发生了什么。根据经济研究，25-54 岁的工作年龄男性中有六分之一没有工作。五十年前，这个年龄段的男性中有近百分之一正在工作。与此同时，女性劳动力参与率已回落至上世纪末的水平
American families and prominent business leaders are aware that there's a big problem with automation. The value of a college degree is diminishing, and our upward mobility is declining. If we want an economy that allows everyone to be economically secure, we need to start thinking about how we can rightfully address automation.
美国家庭和著名商界领袖都意识到自动化存在一个大问题。大学学位的价值正在下降，我们的向上流动性正在下降。如果我们想要一个让每个人都能获得经济安全的经济，我们就需要开始思考如何正确地解决自动化问题。
A)The growing passion for automation. B)The shift from manual jobs to IT ones C)Their changing views on employment
A）对自动化日益增长的热情。 B) 从体力工作向 IT 工作的转变 C) 他们对就业的看法不断变化
D)Their fading employment opportunities
D）他们的就业机会逐渐减少
A)Theyfeel ignoredby politicians. B)They feel increasingly vulnerable. C) They keep adapting to the changes D) They keep complaining but to no avail
A）他们感觉被政客忽视了。 B）他们感到越来越脆弱。 C) 他们不断适应变化 D) 他们不断抱怨但无济于事
49.What does the author think of automation? A)It will have the same impact as industrialization B)It provides sensible companies with alternatives. C) Its alleged positive effects are doubtful. D)Its detrimental effects are unavoidable
49.作者如何看待自动化？ A）它将产生与工业化相同的影响 B）它为明智的公司提供了替代方案。 C) 其所谓的积极作用值得怀疑。 D）其有害影响是不可避免的
Look at the people around you. Some are passive, others more aggressive. Some work best alone, others crave companionship. We easily recognize that there is great variation among the individuals who live near us. Yet, when we speak of people from
看看你周围的人。有些人是被动的，有些人则更具攻击性。有些人独自工作效果最好，而另一些人则渴望陪伴。我们很容易认识到， live在我们附近的人之间存在很大差异。然而，当我们谈论来自
Statistics specialists, when they speak of national averages, often make the mistake.
统计专家在谈到全国平均水平时经常犯错误。
Newly published research she such overviews are. Three researchers analyzed decades of values-based surveys and found that only between 16 and
她这样的概述是新发表的研究。三名研究人员分析了数十年基于价值观的调查，发现只有 16 到
To determine what factors really are associated with culture, the authors combined data from 558 prior surveys that each measured one more of Hofstede's cultural dimensions. These are traits, such as individualism and masculinity, that describe work-related cultural values. (They are not of visible cultural traits such as food or dress, Though the validity of Hofstede's dimensions has been questioned, they have the singular benefit of having been in use for decades, which allows for historical and international comparisons.
为了确定哪些因素真正与文化相关，作者结合了之前 558 项调查的数据，每项调查都衡量了霍夫斯泰德的文化维度之一。这些特征，例如个人主义和男子气概，描述了与工作相关的文化价值观。 （它们不具有明显的文化特征，例如食物或服装，尽管霍夫斯泰德维度的有效性受到质疑，但它们具有已使用数十年的独特优势，可以进行历史和国际比较。
The researchers found that both demographic factors, such as age, and environmental factors, such as long-term unemployment rates, were more correlated with cultural values than nationality. Occupation and social economic status were the most strongly correlated, suggesting that our values are more economically driven than we usually give them credit for.
研究人员发现，年龄等人口因素和长期失业率等环境因素与文化价值观的相关性高于国籍。职业和社会经济地位的相关性最强，这表明我们的价值观比我们通常认为的更受经济驱动。
The evidence implies that people with similar jobs and incomes are more culturally alike, regardless of where they live. Vas Taras, the lead author of the study. puts it this way: "Tell me how much you make and I will make a pretty accurate prediction about your cultural values. Tell me what your nationality is and I probably ill make a wrong prediction."
证据表明，工作和收入相似的人在文化上更加相似，无论他们live里。瓦斯·塔拉斯（Vas Taras），该研究的主要作者。是这样说的：“告诉我你赚了多少钱，我就能对你的文化价值观做出相当准确的预测。告诉我你的国籍是什么，我可能会做出错误的预测。”
Taras says our erroneous belief that countries are cultures has caused businesses to teach their employees useless or even harmful ways of interacting with their international peers. Chinese and American lawyer might be trained to interact based on the assumption that the Chinese person is less individualistic, even though their similar social economic situations make it probable they are actually quite alike in that regard.
塔拉斯说，我们错误地认为国家是文化，这导致企业向员工传授与国际同行互动的无用甚至有害的方式。中国和美国律师可能接受过基于中国人较少个人主义的假设进行互动的培训，尽管他们相似的社会经济状况使得他们在这方面实际上很可能非常相似。
The country, as the unit of authority, is often a convenient way of generalizing about a population. However, our focus on countries can mask broad variations within them. In the majority of cases we would be better off identifying people by the factors that constrain their lives, like income, rather than by the lines surrounding them on a map. 51. What error do experts often make when describing people from other places? A)They tend to overly rely on nationality. B)They often exaggerate their difference C)They often misunderstand their cultures. D)They end to dwell on national averages.
国家作为权力单位，通常是概括人口的便捷方式。然而，我们对国家的关注可能掩盖了它们内部的广泛差异。在大多数情况下，我们最好通过限制人们生活的因素（例如收入）来识别人们，而不是通过地图上围绕他们的线条来识别他们。 51.专家在描述外地人时常犯什么错误？ A）他们往往过度依赖国籍。 B) 他们经常夸大他们的差异 C) 他们经常误解他们的文化。 D）他们最终停留在全国平均水平上。
52.What dowelearn about Hofstede's cultural dimensions? A)they are useful in comparing cultural values across time and space B)They have brought unusual benefits to people of different cultures C)They are widely used to identify peoples individual traits. D)They provide valuable questions for researchers to study.
52.关于霍夫斯泰德的文化维度，我们了解什么？ A）它们有助于比较跨时间和空间的文化价值观 B）它们为不同文化的人们带来了不同寻常的好处 C）它们被广泛用于识别人们的个人特征。 D）它们为研究人员提供了有价值的研究问题。
53.What did researchers find about previous studies on factors determining people's Value?
53.研究人员从之前关于决定人的价值的因素的研究中发现了什么？
A)Environmental factors were prioritized over other factors. B)An individuals financial status was often underestimated. C)Too much emphasis had been placed on one's occupation D)The impact of social progress on one's values was ignored
A）环境因素优先于其他因素。 B）个人的财务状况经常被低估。 C) 过分强调自己的职业 D) 忽视了社会进步对个人价值观的影响
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage om Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：对于这一部分，您有 30 分钟的时间将一段中文翻译成英文。您应该将答案写在答题纸 2 上。
中国共产党第一次全国代表大会会址位于上海兴业路76号，是一栋典型的上海式住宅，建于1920年秋。1921年7月23日，中国共产党第一次全国代表大会在此召开，大会通过了中国共产党的第一个纲领和第一个决议，选举产生了中央领导机构，宣告了中国共产党的诞生。1952年9月，中共一大会址修复，建立纪念馆并对外开放。纪念馆除了介绍参加一大的代表之外，还介绍党的历史发展进程，现已成为了解党史、缅怀革命先烈的爱国主义教育基地。
(30 minutes)
（30分钟）
（请于止式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the short passage given below. In your essay, you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and suggest measures to address the issue. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
说明：对于这一部分，您有 30 分钟的时间根据下面给出的短文写一篇文章。在你的文章中，你将对文章中描述的现象进行评论，并提出解决该问题的措施。你应该写至少150字但不超过200字
Some parents in China are overprotective of their children. They plan everything fon their children, make all the decisions for them, and do not allow them to explore on their own in case they make mistakes or get hurt.
中国的一些父母对孩子过度保护。他们为孩子计划一切，为孩子做出所有决定，不允许孩子自己探索，以免孩子犯错或受到伤害。
Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
听力理解（30 分钟）
Directions:In this section, you will hear to long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices ma A), B, C, and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
说明：在本节中，您将听到长对话。每次对话结束时，您都会听到四个问题。对话和问题都只会说一次。听到问题后，您必须从 A)、B、C 和 D) 四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答题卡 1 上的相应字母上用一条穿过中心的线标记
1.A)He was enjoying his holiday C)He was busy writing his essays. B)He was recovering in hospital D )He was fighting a throat infection. "
1.A)他正在享受假期 C)他正忙着写论文。 B) 他正在医院康复 D) 他正在与喉咙感染作斗争。 ”
2.A)He broke his wrist C)He slipped on ice and fell." B)He lost his antibiotics D) He was laughed at by some girls.'
2.A）他摔断了手腕 C）他在冰上滑倒了。” B）他失去了抗生素 D）他被一些女孩嘲笑。
3.A)Turn to her father for help. C)Ask the manufacturer for repair. " B)Call the repair shop to fix it. D)Replace it with abrand-new one+ 4.A)Help David retrieve his essays. C)Offer David some refreshments B)Introduce David to her parents D)Accompany David to his home.
3.A) 向她父亲寻求帮助。 C)请厂家修理。 B) 打电话给维修店来修理它。 D) 更换一个全新的+ 4.A) 帮助大卫取回他的论文。 C) 为大卫提供一些茶点 B) 将大卫介绍给她的父母 D) 陪大卫到他家。
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
说明：在本节中，您将听到两个段落。在每段文章的结尾，你会听到三到四个问题。短文和问题都只会说一次。听到问题后，您必须从标有 A)、B)、C) 和 D) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答题卡 I 上用一条穿过中心的线标记相应的字母。
D)People generally resent being rejected 15. A)Contagious C)Unpredictable B)Temporary D)Measurable
D) 人们通常对被拒绝感到不满 15. A) 传染性 C) 不可预测 B) 暂时性 D) 可衡量
Directions:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B)C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
说明：在本节中，您将听到三段讲座或演讲的录音，然后是三到四个问题。录音只会播放一次。听到问题后，您必须从标记为 A) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案， B)C) 和 D)。然后在答卷 1 上用一条穿过中心的单线标记相应的字母。
22.A)Failing to make sufficient preparations B)Looking away from the hiring manager. C) Saying the wrong thing at the wrong time D)Making a wrong judgment of the interview 23. A)Complaining about their previous job B)Inquiring about their salary to be paid C)Exaggerating their academic background D)Understanding their previous achievements 24.A)Those whohave both skill and experience B) Those who get along well with colleagues C)Those who take initiative in theirwork D) Those who are loyal to their managers. 25. A)Ability to shoulder new responsibilities. B)Experience of performing multiple roles C)Readiness to work to flexible schedules D)Skills to communicate with colleagues.
22.A) 未能做好充分的准备 B) 将目光从招聘经理身上移开。 C) 在错误的时间说错误的话 D) 对面试做出错误的判断 23. A) 抱怨他们以前的工作 B) 询问他们的工资 C) 夸大他们的学术背景 D) 了解他们以前的成就 24 A) 既有技能又有经验的人 B) 与同事相处融洽的人 C) 工作积极主动的人 D) 忠于上级的人。 25. A) 有能力承担新的责任。 B) 担任多个角色的经验 C) 愿意按照灵活的时间表工作 D) 与同事沟通的技能。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
第三部分阅读理解（40 分钟）
Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choicein the bank is identified by a letter:Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
说明：在本节中，有一段有十个空格。您需要从文章后面的单词库中给出的选项列表中为每个空白选择一个单词。在做出选择之前仔细阅读该段落。银行中的每个选项均由一个字母标识：请在答题卡 2 上用一条穿过中心的单线标记每个项目的相应字母。您不得多次使用银行中的任何单词。
good chance of living to a ripe old age, at least that is what the findings of a new study suggest. That study found that participants who reported the highest levels of optimism were far more likely to live to age 85 or 26. This was compared to those participants who reported the lowest levels of optimism. It is 27 that the findings held even after the researchers considered factors that could 28 the link. including whether participants had health conditions, such as heart disease or cancer, or whether they experienced depression. The results add to a growing body of evidence that certain psychological factors may predict a longer life_ 29. For evidence that certain psychological factors may predict a longer life 29 .For example, previous studies have found that more optimistic people have a lower risk of longevity. The researchers 32 that the link found in the new study was not as strong when they factored in the effects of certain health behaviors, including exercise levels, sleep habits and diet. This suggests that these behaviors may, at least in part explain the link. In other words, optimism may 33 good habits that bolster health. It is also important to note that the study found only a 34 as researchers did not prove for certain that optimism leads to a longer life. However, if the findings are true, they suggest that optimism could serve as a psychological 35 that promotes health and a longer life.
活到高龄的机会很大，至少一项新研究的结果表明如此。该研究发现，乐观程度最高的参与者更有可能live到 85 岁或 26 岁。这是与乐观程度最低的参与者进行比较的。第 27 章包括参与者是否患有心脏病或癌症等健康问题，或者是否患有抑郁症。这些结果为越来越多的证据表明某些心理因素可能预测更长的寿命_ 29. 提供某些心理因素可能预测更长寿命的证据 29。例如，之前的研究发现，越乐观的人长寿的风险越低。研究人员 32 认为，当他们考虑到某些健康行为（包括运动水平、睡眠习惯和饮食）的影响时，新研究中发现的联系并不那么牢固。这表明这些行为至少可以部分解释这种联系。换句话说，乐观可能有 33 种促进健康的好习惯。同样重要的是要注意，该研究只发现了 34，因为研究人员并没有证明乐观会带来更长的寿命。然而，如果研究结果属实，他们表明乐观可以作为促进健康和延长寿命的心理35。
A)affect B)beyond C)conceded. E)foster. F)henceforth G)lofty. H)noteworthy I )plausibly J)premature K)reconciled. L)span M)specifically. N)spiral O)trait
A）影响 B）超越 C）承认。 E）寄养。 F）从此以后G）崇高。 H) 值得注意 I) 貌似 J) 过早 K) 和解了。 L）跨度M）具体而言。 N)螺旋 O)性状
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter:Answerthe questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：在本节中，您将阅读一篇附有十个陈述的段落。每个陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。确定从中导出信息的段落。您可以多次选择一个段落。每个段落标有字母：通过在答题卡 2 上标出相应的字母来回答问题。
[A]Last week,Burberry's annual report revealed that f
[A]上周，Burberry 的年度报告显示，
[B] The practice of destroying unsold stock, and even rolls of unused fabric, is commonplace for luxury labels. Becoming too widely available at a cheaper price through discount stores discourages full-price sales. Sending products for recycling caves them vulnerable to being stolen and sold on the black market. Jasmine Bina CEO of brand strategy agency Concept Bureau explains, “Typically, luxury brands rally around exclusivity to protect their business interests, namely intellectual property and preservation of brand equity(资产)”She stated she had heard rumors of stock burningbut not specific cases until this week
[B] 销毁未售出的库存，甚至是未使用的布料卷的做法对于奢侈品牌来说很常见。通过折扣店以更便宜的价格广泛销售会阻碍全价销售。将产品送去回收会使它们很容易被盗并在黑市上出售。品牌战略机构 Concept Bureau 首席执行官 Jasmine Bina 解释道：“通常情况下，奢侈品牌会围绕排他性团结起来，以保护其商业利益，即知识产权和品牌资产的保存。”她表示，她听说过烧毁股票的传言，但没有具体案例，直到本星期
[C] Another reason for the commonplace practice is a financial incentive for brands exporting goods to America. United States Customs states that if imported merchandise is unused and destroyed under their supervision,
[C] 这种普遍做法的另一个原因是对向美国出口商品的品牌的经济激励。美国海关规定，如果进口商品在其监管下未使用和销毁，
[D] A source, who chose to remain anonymous, shared her experience working in a Burberry store in New York in October 2016. "My job was to toss items in boxes s0 they could be sent to be burned. It was killing me inside because all that leather and fur went to waste and animals had died for nothing. I couldn't stay there any longer, their business practices threw me off the roof." In May this year, Burberry announced it was taking fur out of its catwalk shows and reviewing its use elsewhere in the business. “Even though we asked the management, they refused to give us detailed answers as to why they would do this with their collection,continued the source who Itit ltl iuie wium twu weeks. Sle las silite wuikeu wiul aluutl 1lgll-piuile [E] In an online forum post, which asked if it's true that Louis Vuitton burned its bags, Ahmed Bouchfaa, who claimed to work for Louis Vuitton, responded that the brand holds sales of old stock for staff members twice a year. Items which have still not sold after several sales are destroyed. "Louis Vuitton doesn't have public sales. They either sell a product at a given price or discontinue it. This is to make sure that everybody pays the same price for an item, " he says. He goes on to disclose the strict guidelines around the employee sales: "You may buy gifts for someone, but they track each item and if your gift ends up online they know who to ask. One investor commenting on the Burberry figures was reportedly outraged that the unsold goods were not even offered to investors before they were destroyed
[D] 一位选择保持匿名的消息人士分享了她 2016 年 10 月在纽约 Burberry 商店工作的经历。“我的工作就是把物品扔进盒子里，以便可以将它们送去烧掉。这让我心痛不已因为所有的皮革和毛皮都被浪费了，动物也白白死去了，我不能再呆在那里了，他们的商业行为让我崩溃了。”今年 5 月，巴宝莉 (Burberry) 宣布将把皮草从时装秀中剔除，并重新审视其在其他业务中的使用情况。两周后的消息人士继续说道：“尽管我们询问了管理层，但他们拒绝向我们提供详细的答案，说明为什么他们要对他们的藏品进行这样的处理。” Sle las silite wuikeu wiul aluutl 1lgll-piuile [E] 在一篇在线论坛帖子中，询问路易威登烧毁其包包是否属实，自称为路易威登工作的艾哈迈德·布什法 (Ahmed Bouchfaa) 回应称，该品牌持有旧货销售每年两次为工作人员。多次销售后仍未售出的物品将被销毁。 “路易威登没有公开销售。他们要么以给定的价格出售产品，要么停止生产。这是为了确保每个人都为一件商品支付相同的价格，”他说。他接着透露了有关员工销售的严格准则：“你可以为某人购买礼物，但他们会跟踪每一件物品，如果你的礼物最终出现在网上，他们知道该向谁询问。据报道，一位投资者在评论巴宝莉的数据时感到愤怒未售出的商品在被销毁之前甚至没有提供给投资者
[F] Richemont, who owns several luxury brands, hit the headlines in May for taking back 437 million of watches for destruction in the last two years to avoid marked-down prices. It's not just luxury brands either. In October last year, a Danish TV show exposed H&M for burning 12 tonnes of unsold clothing since 2013. In a statement, the high street retailer defended itself by saying that the burnt clothing had failed safety tests: "The products to which the media are referring have been tested in external laboratories. The test results show that one of the products is mold infested and the other product contains levels of lead that are too high. Those products have rightly been stopped in accordance with our safety routines.In March, a report revealed that H&M was struggling with S4.3 billion worth of unsold stock. The brand told The New York Times that the plan was to reduce prices to move the stock, arguably encouraging consumers to buy and throw away with little thought.
[F] 拥有多个奢侈品牌的历峰集团 (Richemont) 因在过去两年中回收销毁 4.37 亿块手表以避免降价而在 5 月登上新闻头条。不仅仅是奢侈品牌。去年 10 月，丹麦一档电视节目曝光 H&M 自 2013 年以来焚烧了 12 吨未售出的服装。这家商业街零售商在一份声明中为自己辩护，称烧毁的服装未通过安全测试：“媒体报道的产品已在外部实验室进行测试，测试结果显示，其中一种产品存在霉菌，另一种产品铅含量过高，根据我们的安全惯例，这些产品已被正确停止。报告显示，H&M 正面临着价值 43 亿新元的未售出库存问题，该品牌向《纽约时报》表示，该计划旨在通过降价来转移库存，这可以说是在鼓励消费者购买后不假思索地扔掉。
[G] Over-production is perhaps the biggest concern for Burberry. While there has been much outrage at the elitist connotation of burning goods rather than making them affordable, executives at the British fashion house are no doubt struggling to defend how they miscalculated production? The waste has been put down to burning old cosmetic stock to make way for their new beauty range. However, while the value of destroyed stock is up from f26.9 million last year, it's an even more significant increase from 2016's figure of f18.8 million. highlighting that this is an ongoing
[G] 生产过剩也许是 Burberry 最大的担忧。尽管人们对焚烧商品而不是让商品变得买得起的精英主义内涵感到非常愤怒，但这家英国时装公司的高管无疑正在努力捍卫他们如何错误地计算了产量？这些废物被用来燃烧旧的化妆品库存，为他们的新美容系列让路。然而，虽然被毁坏库存的价值较去年的 2,690 万法郎有所上升，但与 2016 年的 1,880 万法郎相比，增幅更为显着。强调这是一个持续的
[H] In September 2016, Burberry switched to a"see now, buy now"catwalk show format. The move was a switch to leverage on the coverage of their fashion week show to make stock available immediately to consumers. This is opposed to the show to make stock available immediately to consumers. This is opposed to the traditional format of presenting to the industry, taking orders for production and becoming available in six months time. While Burberry announced "record-breaking online reach and engagement, there has been little evidence to suggest that the
[H]2016年9月，Burberry转而采用“即看即买”的走秀形式。此举是为了利用时装周秀的报道，立即向消费者提供库存。这与展会立即向消费者提供库存的做法背道而驰。这与向行业展示、接受生产订单并在六个月内供货的传统形式相反。虽然 Burberry 宣布“破纪录的在线覆盖率和参与度”，但几乎没有证据表明
strategy has had a significant effect on sales, particularly as the hype OF)slows across the season. In February they made adjustments to the format, dropping some catwalk items immediately and promising that others would launch in the coming
这一策略对销售产生了重大影响，特别是随着整个季节的炒作放缓。二月份，他们对形式进行了调整，立即放弃了一些走秀单品，并承诺其他单品将在未来推出。
[f] In a statement, Burberry denied that switching to"see now, buy now"has had an impact on waste. A Burberry spokesperson further said, "On the occasions when disposal of products is necessary, we do so in a responsible manner. We are always seeking ways to reduce and revalue our waste. This is a core part of our strategy and have forged partnerships and committed support to innovative organizations help reach thisgoal
[f]巴宝莉在一份声明中否认转变为“即看即买”对浪费产生了影响。 Burberry 发言人进一步表示：“在需要处置产品的情况下，我们会以负责任的方式进行处理。我们一直在寻找减少废物并重新评估废物价值的方法。这是我们战略的核心部分，并与我们建立了合作伙伴关系和对创新组织的坚定支持有助于实现这一目标
[J] One such partnership is with Elvis Kresse, an accessories brand working with reclaimed materials. Co-founder Kresse Wesling said, "Late last year we launched an ambitious five-year partnership with the Burberry Foundation. The main aim of this is to scale our leather rescue project, starting with off-cuts from the production of Burberry leather goods. We are working tirelessly to expand our solutions and would love to welcome anyone to our workshop to come and see what we are doing. "At the moment, the partnership only addresses waste at the production stage and not unsold
[J] 其中一个合作伙伴是与 Elvis Kresse，一个使用回收材料的配饰品牌。联合创始人 Kresse Wesling 表示：“去年年底，我们与 Burberry 基金会启动了一项雄心勃勃的五年合作伙伴关系。其主要目的是扩大我们的皮革救援项目，首先从 Burberry 皮革制品生产的边角料开始。我们正在不懈地努力扩展我们的解决方案，并欢迎任何人来到我们的车间，看看我们正在做什么。“目前，合作伙伴关系仅解决生产阶段的浪费，而不是未售出的问题。
[K] While these are honorable schemes, it makes it harder for Burberry to defend these latest figures. Fifteen years ago, Burberry was at crisis point as their signature check pattern was widely imitated by cheap, imitation brands. It deterred luxury consumers who found their expensive clothing more closely associated with working-class youth culture than a prestigious heritage fashion house.In the year 2004, at the height of over-exposure of the Burberry check, the brand's turnover was
[K] 虽然这些都是光荣的计划，但这让巴宝莉更难捍卫这些最新数据。十五年前，巴宝莉 (Burberry) 正处于危机时刻，因为其标志性格纹图案被廉价仿冒品牌广泛模仿。它让奢侈品消费者望而却步，他们发现昂贵的服装比著名的传统时装公司更能与工薪阶层的青年文化联系在一起。 2004年，在巴宝莉格纹过度曝光的高峰期，该品牌的营业额为
[L] Bina believes that brands need to readdress their exclusivity tactic. “Exclusivity is starting to be challenged,” she says. "I think that goes hand in hand with how luxury itself is being challenged. Access to fashion, and the brands who police it, are becoming less and less relevant. Things like health, enlightenment, and social and environmental responsibility are the new luxuries. These all come from within, not without. That's the challenge that traditional luxury brands will have to contend with the mid- to long-term future.'"
[L] Bina 认为品牌需要重新调整其排他性策略。 “排他性开始受到挑战，”她说。 “我认为这与奢侈品本身受到的挑战是密切相关的。接触时尚以及监管时尚的品牌变得越来越不重要。健康、启蒙、社会和环境责任等东西是新的奢侈品。这些都是来自内部，而不是外部，这是传统奢侈品牌在中长期未来必须应对的挑战。”
36 Burberry's executives are trying hard to attribute their practice of destroying old products to miscalculated production 37. Selling products at a discount will do greater harm to luxury brands than destroying them. 38 Imitated Burberry products discouraged luxury consumers from buying its genuine 39. Staff members of a luxury brand may buy its old stock at cheaper prices, but they are not allowed to resell them. 40. In future traditional luxury brands will have to adapt their business strategies to the changing concepts of luxury. 41. One luxury brand employee quit her job because she simply couldn't bear to see the destruction of unsold products.
36 Burberry 的高管们极力将其销毁旧产品的做法归因于错误的生产计算。 37. 打折销售产品对奢侈品牌的伤害比销毁它们更大。 38 仿制的巴宝莉产品阻碍了奢侈品消费者购买正品。 39. 奢侈品牌的员工可以以更便宜的价格购买旧货，但不允许转售。 40. 未来，传统奢侈品牌将不得不调整其业务战略，以适应不断变化的奢侈品概念。 41. 一名奢侈品牌员工辞职了，因为她实在无法忍受看到未售出的产品被毁。
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are our choices marked A), B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.
说明：本节有 2 段。每篇文章后面都有一些问题或未完成的陈述。对于每个问题，我们都标有 A)、B)、C) 和 D) 的选项。您应该决定最佳选项，并在答题卡 2 上的相应字母上标上单线穿过中心。
Social media is absolutely everywhere. Billions of people use social media on a daily basis to create, share, and exchange ideas, messages, and information. Both individuals and businesses post regularly to engage and interact with people from around the world. It is a powerful communication medium that simultaneously provides immediate, frequent, permanent, and wide-reaching information across the globe.
社交媒体绝对无处不在。数十亿人每天使用社交媒体来创建、分享和交换想法、消息和信息。个人和企业都会定期发帖与来自世界各地的人们进行接触和互动。它是一种强大的通信媒介，可以在全球范围内同时提供即时、频繁、永久和广泛的信息。
People post their lives on social media for the world to see. Facebook, Twitter Linkedin, and countless other social channels provide a quick and simple way to glimpse into a job candidates personal life both the positive and negative sides of Social media screening is tempting to use as part of the hiring process, but should employers make use of it when researching a potential candidates background?
人们在社交媒体上发布自己的生活供全世界查看。 Facebook、Twitter、Linkedin 和无数其他社交渠道提供了一种快速、简单的方式来了解求职者的个人生活，社交媒体筛选的积极和消极方面很容易被用作招聘过程的一部分，但雇主是否应该利用在研究潜在候选人的背景时？
Incorporating the use of social media to screen job candidates is not an uncommon practice. A 2018 survey found that almost
利用社交媒体来筛选求职者的做法并不罕见。 2018 年的一项调查发现，几乎
Social media screening is essentially sc rut in ising a job candidates private life. It can reveal information about protected characteristics like age, race, nationality, disability, gender, religion, ete and that could bias a hiring decision. Pictures or comments on a private page that are taken out of context could ruin a perfectly good candidates chances of getting hired. This process could potentially give an unfair advantage to one candidate over another. It creates an unequal playing field and potentially provides hiring managers with information that can impact their hiring decision in a negative way.
社交媒体筛选本质上是对求职者私生活的审查。它可以揭示有关受保护特征的信息，例如年龄、种族、国籍、残疾、性别、宗教、职业等，这些信息可能会影响招聘决策。私人页面上断章取义的图片或评论可能会毁掉一个优秀的候选人被录用的机会。这一过程可能会给一位候选人带来相对于另一位候选人的不公平优势。它创造了一个不平等的竞争环境，并可能为招聘经理提供可能对他们的招聘决策产生负面影响的信息。
It's hard to ignore social media as a screening tool. While there are things that you shouldn't see, there are some things that can be lawfully considered-making it a valuable source of relevant information too. Using social media screening appropriately can help ensure that you don't hire a toxic employee who will cost you money or stain your company's reputation.Consider the lawful side of this process and you may be able to hire the best employee ever. There is a delicate balance."
很难忽视社交媒体作为一种筛选工具。虽然有些事情是您不应该看到的，但有些事情可以合法考虑，这也使其成为相关信息的宝贵来源。适当地使用社交媒体筛选可以帮助确保您不会雇用有毒的员工，因为他们会花费您金钱或玷污您公司的声誉。考虑此过程的合法方面，您也许能够雇用有史以来最好的员工。有一种微妙的平衡。”
Screening job candidates on social media must be done professionally and responsibly. Companies should stipulate that they will never ask for passwords, be consistent. document decisions. consider the source used and be aware that other laws may apply. In light of this it is probably best to look later in the process and ask human resources for help in navigating it. Social media is here to stay. But before using social media to screen job candidates, consulting with management and legal teams beforehand is essential in order to comply with all laws.
在社交媒体上筛选求职者必须以专业和负责任的方式进行。公司应该规定他们永远不会要求密码，保持一致。记录决定。考虑所使用的来源并注意其他法律可能适用。鉴于此，最好稍后再查看该流程，并向人力资源部门寻求帮助以引导流程。社交媒体将继续存在。但在使用社交媒体筛选求职者之前，必须事先咨询管理层和法律团队，以遵守所有法律。
A)When it is separated from context B)When it is scrutinised by an employer.
A）当它与上下文分离时 B）当它受到雇主的审查时。
49.How can employers use social media information to their advantage while avoiding unnecessary risks?. A)By tipping the delicate balance. B)By using it in a legitimate way. C)By keeping personal information on record D)By separating relevant from irrelevant data. "
49.雇主如何利用社交媒体信息为自己谋利，同时避免不必要的风险？ A) 打破微妙的平衡。 B) 以合法方式使用它。 C) 记录个人信息 D) 将相关数据与不相关数据分开。 ”
A)Hiring professionals to navigate the whole process+ B)Anticipating potential risks involved in the process. C)Seeking advice from management and legal experts." D)Stipulating a set of rules for asking specific questions
A）聘请专业人员来指导整个流程+ B）预测流程中涉及的潜在风险。 C) 寻求管理层和法律专家的建议。” D) 制定一套提出具体问题的规则
In recent years. the food industry has increased its use of labels. Whether the labels say NON-GMO非转基因的）or no sugar,or' zero carbohydrates consumers are increasingly demanding more information about what's in their food. One report found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are responding to the report with new labels to meet that demand, and they're doing so with an eye towards giving their products an advantage over the competition, and bolstering profits."
最近几年。食品工业增加了标签的使用。无论标签上写着“非转基因非转基因的”）还是“无糖”，或者“零碳水化合物”，消费者越来越需要更多有关食物中成分的信息。一份报告发现，39% 的消费者会从目前购买的品牌转向其他提供更清晰、更准确产品信息的品牌。食品制造商正在响应该报告，推出新标签来满足这一需求，他们这样做的目的是让自己的产品在竞争中占据优势，并增加利润。”
This strategy makes intuitive sense. If consumers say they want transparency, tell them exactly what is in your product. That is simply supplying a certain demand. But the marketing strategy in response to this consumer demand has gone beyond articulating what is in a product, to labeling what is NOT in the food. These labels are known as" absence claims "labels, and they represent a emerging labeling tend that is detrimental both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them.
这种策略具有直观意义。如果消费者说他们想要透明度，请准确地告诉他们你的产品中含有什么。这只是满足一定的需求。但针对这种消费者需求的营销策略已经超越了阐明产品中的成分，而是标记了食品中不含有的成分。这些标签被称为“缺席声明”标签，它们代表了一种新兴的标签趋势，这对购买产品的消费者和供应产品的行业都是有害的。
For example, Huns put a “non-gmo" label on its canned crushed tomatoes a few years ago-despite the fact that at the time there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Some dairy companies are using the “non-gmo" label on their milk, despite the fact that all milk is naturally Gmo-free, another label that creates unnecessary fear around food."
例如，几年前，匈奴人在其罐装碎番茄上贴上了“非转基因”标签——尽管当时市场上还没有转基因番茄这样的东西。一些乳制品公司正在使用“非转基因”标签。尽管所有牛奶天然不含转基因成分，但他们的牛奶上却贴有“转基因”标签，这是另一个对食品造成不必要恐惧的标签。”
While creating labels that play on consumer fears and misconceptions about their food may give a company a temporary marketing advantage over competing products on the grocery aisle, in the long term this strategy will have just the opposite effect by injecting fear into the discourse about our food, we run the risk of eroding consumer trust in not just a single product, but the entire food business. " Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers minds: Were these foods ever safe? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of ham to my family or the planet? For food manufacturers, it will mean damaged consumer trust and lower sales for everyone. And this isn't just supposition. A recent study found that absence claims labels can create a stigma around foods even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm.
虽然创建利用消费者对食品的恐惧和误解的标签可能会给公司带来相对于杂货店过道上的竞争产品的暂时营销优势，但从长远来看，这种策略只会产生相反的效果，因为将恐惧注入有关我们食品的话语中，我们面临的风险不仅是削弱消费者对单一产品的信任，而且还削弱对整个食品行业的信任。最终，这成为消费者心中的一个问题：这些食品安全吗？通过购买和消费这些类型的产品，我是否已经为我的家人或地球做了某种火腿？对于食品制造商来说，这将意味着消费者受损最近的一项研究发现，即使没有科学证据表明食品会造成伤害，但缺席声明标签也会给食品带来耻辱。
It's clear that food manufacturers must tread carefully when it comes to using absence claims. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, this verbal trick sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and ultimately, more costly food products. If we allow this kind of labeling to continue, wewill alllose.
显然，食品制造商在使用缺勤声明时必须谨慎行事。除了可能对销售产生长期负面影响外，这种口头伎俩还传达了这样一个信息：农业和食品加工领域的创新不受欢迎，最终导致效率降低、消费者选择减少，并最终导致食品价格上涨。如果我们允许这种标签继续下去，我们就会失败。
A )Food manufacturers’ rising awareness of product safety B)Food manufacturers’ changing strategies to bolster profits C)Consumers’ growing demand for eye-catching food labels D)Consumers increasing desire for clear product information.
A) 食品制造商对产品安全意识的提高 B) 食品制造商改变策略以增加利润 C) 消费者对醒目的食品标签的需求不断增长 D) 消费者对清晰的产品信息的渴望不断增加。
54.What does the author say absence claims labels will do to food manufacturers?
54.作者认为缺席声明标签会对食品制造商产生什么影响？
A )Cause changes in their marketing strategies. B)Help remove stigma around their products. C)Erode consumer trust and reduce sales D)Decrease support from food scientists.
A）导致营销策略发生变化。 B) 帮助消除其产品的污名。 C) 削弱消费者信任并减少销量 D) 减少食品科学家的支持。
Translation (30 minutes)
翻译（30 分钟）
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：对于这一部分，您有 30 分钟的时间将一段中文翻译成英文。您应该将答案写在答题纸 2 上。
井冈山地处湖南江西两省交界处，因其辉煌的革命历史被誉为“中国革命红色摇篮”。1927年10月，毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里开展了艰苦卓绝的斗争，创建了第一个农村革命根据地，点燃了中国革命的星星之火，开辟了“农村包围（besiege）城市，武装夺取政权”这一具有中国特色的革命道路，中国革命从这里迈向胜利。并网山现有100多处革命旧址，成为一个“没有围墙的革命历史博物馆”，是爱国主义和革命传统教育的重要基地。
(30 minutes)
（30分钟）
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the short passage given below.In are to comment onthe phenomenon described in the passage and suggest measure to address the issue.You should write atleast 150 words but no more than 2 o 0 words.
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试说明：对于这部分，您可以在 30 分钟内根据下面给出的短文写一篇文章。文章并提出解决问题的措施。您应该写至少 150 个字，但不超过 2 o 0 个字。
Young people spend a lot of time on the internet. However, they are sometimes unable to recognize false information on the internet, judge the reliability of online information sources or tell real news stories from fake one.
年轻人花费大量时间在互联网上。然而，他们有时无法识别网络上的虚假信息、判断网络信息来源的可靠性或辨别真假新闻。
PartIl Listening Comprehension (30minutes) (本套六级真题听力与前面两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。）
Part Il Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
第二部分阅读理解（40 分钟）
(略)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter:Answerthe questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：在本节中，您将阅读一篇附有十个陈述的段落。每个陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。确定从中导出信息的段落。您可以多次选择一个段落。每个段落都标有一个字母：通过在答题卡 2 上标出相应的字母来回答问题。
[A] A recent analysis found that most research mis characterizes the relationship between music and skills enhancement.
[A] 最近的一项分析发现，大多数研究错误地描述了音乐与技能增强之间的关系。
[B] In 2004, a paper appeared in the journal Psychological Science, titled “Music Lessons Enhance IQ". The author: composer and psychologist Glenn Schellenberg had conducted an experiment with 144 children randomly assigned to four groups:
[B] 2004年，《心理科学》杂志上发表了一篇论文，题为《音乐课提高智商》。作者：作曲家、心理学家格伦·谢伦伯格对144名儿童进行了一项实验，随机分为四组：
one learned the keyboard for a year, one took singing lessons, one joined an acting ass, and a control group had no extracurricular training. The IQ of the children in the two musical groups rose by an average of seven points in the course of a year: those in the other two groups gained an average of 4.3 points
其中一组学习了一年键盘，一组参加了歌唱课程，一组参加了表演，对照组则没有接受任何课外训练。一年内，两个音乐组孩子的智商平均提高了7分：另外两组孩子的智商平均提高了4.3分
[C] Schellenberg had long been skeptical of the science supporting claims that music education enhances childrens abstract reasoning. Math. Or language sills. If children who play the piano are smarter, he says, it doesn't necessarily mean they are smarter because they play the piano. It could be that the youngsters who play the piano also happen to be more ambitious or better at focusing on a task. Correlation, after all does not prove causation.
[C]谢伦伯格长期以来一直对支持音乐教育增强儿童抽象推理能力的科学说法持怀疑态度。数学。或者语言障碍。他说，如果弹钢琴的孩子更聪明，这并不一定意味着他们因为弹钢琴而更聪明。弹钢琴的年轻人也可能更有雄心或更擅长专注于一项任务。毕竟相关性并不能证明因果关系。
[D] The 2oo4 paper was specifically designed to address those concerns. And as a passionate musician, Schellenberg was delighted when he turned up credible evidence that music has transfer effects on general intelligence. But nearly a decade later, in 2013, the Education Endowment Foundation funded a bigger study with more than 900 students. That study failed to confirm Schellenberg's findings, producing no evidence that music lessons improved math and literacy skills
[D] 2oo4 论文是专门为了解决这些问题而设计的。作为一位充满热情的音乐家，谢伦伯格在找到可靠的证据表明音乐对一般智力具有转移作用时感到非常高兴。但近十年后，即 2013 年，教育捐赠基金会资助了一项更大规模的研究，涉及 900 多名学生。该研究未能证实谢伦伯格的发现，没有提供任何证据表明音乐课程可以提高数学和读写能力
[E] Schellenberg took that news in stride while continuing to cast a skeptical eye on the research in his field. Recently, he decided to formally investigate just how often his fellow researchers in psychology and neuroscience eves are erroneous"or at least premature-causal connections between music and intelligence Hisresults published in May, suggest that many of his peers do just that
[E]谢伦伯格对这一消息泰然处之，同时继续对他所在领域的研究持怀疑态度。最近，他决定正式调查他在心理学和神经科学领域的同事们犯错误的频率，或者至少是音乐和智力之间过早的因果关系。他在五月份发表的结果表明，他的许多同行正是这样做的
[F]for his recent study, Schellenberg asked two research assistants to look for correlation al studies on the effects of music education. They found a total of 114 papers published since 2ooo. To assess whether the authors claimed any causation researchers then looked for telltale verbs in each papers title and abstract, verbs like enhance", promote", "facilitate", and "strengthen". The papers were categorized as neuroscience if the study employed a brain imaging method like magnetic resonance, or if the study appeared in a journal that had"brain", "neuroscience", or a related term in its title. Otherwise the papers were categorized as psychology. Schellenberg didn't tell his assistants what exactly he was trying to prove.
[F]在他最近的研究中，谢伦伯格要求两名研究助理寻找有关音乐教育影响的相关研究。他们发现自 2ooo 以来总共发表了 114 篇论文。为了评估作者是否声称存在任何因果关系，研究人员随后在每篇论文的标题和摘要中寻找明显的动词，例如“增强”、“促进”、“促进”和“加强”等动词。如果该研究采用了磁共振等脑成像方法，或者该研究发表在标题中包含“大脑”、“神经科学”或相关术语的期刊上，则该论文被归类为神经科学。除此之外，这些论文被归类为心理学。谢伦伯格没有告诉他的助手他到底想证明什么。
[G] After computing their assessments, Schellenberg concluded that the majority of the articles erroneously claimed that music training had a causal effect. The overselling, he also found, was more prevalent among neuroscience studies, three quarters of which mis characterized a mere association between music training and skills enhancement as a cause-and-effect relationship. This may come as a surprise to some. Psychologists have been battling charges that they don't do "real" science for some time-in large part because many findings from classic experiments have proved un reproducible. Neuroscientists, on the other hand, armed with brain scans and EEGST（脑电图）have not been subject to the same degree of critique.
[G] 在计算他们的评估后，谢伦伯格得出结论，大多数文章错误地声称音乐训练具有因果效应。他还发现，这种过度夸大的现象在神经科学研究中更为普遍，其中四分之三的研究错误地将音乐训练和技能增强之间的纯粹关联描述为因果关系。这可能会让一些人感到惊讶。一段时间以来，心理学家一直在与他们没有做“真正的”科学的指控作斗争——很大程度上是因为经典实验的许多发现已被证明是不可重复的。另一方面，拥有脑部扫描和脑电图的神经科学家却没有受到同样程度的批评。
[H] To argue for a cause-and-effect relationship, scientists must attempt to explain why and how a connection could occur When it comes to transfer effects of mus scientists frequently point to brain plasticity -the fact that the brain changes according to how we use it. When a child learns to play the violin, for example several studies have shown that the brain region responsible for the fine motor skills of the left hand's fingers is likely to grow. And many experiments have shown that musical training improves certain hearing capabilities, like filtering voices from background noise or distinguishing the difference between the consonants
[H]为了论证因果关系，科学家必须尝试解释为什么以及如何发生联系当谈到mus的转移效应时，科学家经常指出大脑可塑性——大脑根据如何发生变化的事实我们使用它。例如，多项研究表明，当孩子学习拉小提琴时，负责左手手指精细运动技能的大脑区域可能会生长。许多实验表明，音乐训练可以提高某些听力能力，例如从背景噪音中过滤声音或区分辅音之间的差异
[] But Schellenberg remains highly critical of how the concept of plasticity has been applied in his field. "Plasticity has become an industry of its own. He wrote in his May paper. Practice does change the brain, he allows, but what is questionable is the assertion that these changes affect other brain regions, such as those responsible for spatial reasoning or math problems."
[]但谢伦伯格仍然对可塑性概念在他的领域的应用持高度批评态度。 “可塑性已经成为一个自己的产业。他在五月份的论文中写道。他承认，练习确实会改变大脑，但值得怀疑的是，这些变化会影响其他大脑区域，例如负责空间推理或数学的区域。问题”。
[J]Neuro psychologist Lutz Jancke agrees. Most of these studies don't allow for causal inferences. 'he said. For over two decades. Jancke has researched the effects 0 music lessons, and like Schellenberg, he believes that the only way to truly understand their effects is to run longitudinal studies,. In such studies. Researchers would need to follow groups of children with and without music lessons over a long period of time-even if the assignments are not completely random. Then they could compare outcomes for eachgroup.
[J]神经心理学家 Lutz Jancke 对此表示同意。大多数这些研究不允许因果推断。 ”他说。二十多年来。 Jancke 研究了 0 音乐课程的效果，和 Schellenberg 一样，他认为真正理解其效果的唯一方法是进行纵向研究。在这样的研究中。研究人员需要长期跟踪有或没有上过音乐课的儿童群体——即使作业不是完全随机的。然后他们可以比较每组的结果。
[K]Some researchers are staring to do just that. The neuroscientist Peter Schneider from Heidelberg University in Germany, for example, has been following a group of childrenn for ten years now. Some of them were handed musical instruments and given lessons though a school-based program in the Ruhr region of Germany called Jede Kind ein Instrument, or "an instrument for every child, "which was carried out with government funding. Among these children, Schneider has found that those who were enthusiastic about music and who practiced voluntarily showed improvements in hearing ability, as well as in more general competencies, such as the ability to concentrate.
[K]一些研究人员正开始这样做。例如，德国海德堡大学的神经科学家彼得·施奈德（Peter Schneider）已经跟踪一组儿童十年了。他们中的一些人通过德国鲁尔地区的一个名为“Jede Kind ein Instrument”（即“每个孩子的乐器”）的学校项目获得了乐器并接受了课程，该项目是在政府资助下进行的。施奈德发现，在这些孩子中，那些热衷于音乐并自愿练习的孩子的听力以及更一般的能力（例如集中注意力的能力）都得到了改善。
[L] To establish whether effects such as improved concentration are caused by music participation itself, and not by investing time in an extracurricular activity of any kind Participation itself, and not by investing time in an extracurricular activity of any kind Assal Habibi, a psychology professor at the University of Southern California, is onducing a five-year longitudinal study with children from low-income communities in Los Angeles. The youngsters fall into three groups: those who take after-school music, those who do after-school sports, and those with no structured after-school program at all. After two years, Habibi and colleagues reported seeing structural changes in the brains of the musically trained children, both locally and in the pathways connecting different parts of the brain.
[L] 确定提高注意力等效果是否是由音乐参与本身引起的，而不是通过在任何类型的课外活动中投入时间引起的 参与本身，而不是通过在任何类型的课外活动中投入时间 Assal Habibi，一种心理学南加州大学教授正在对洛杉矶低收入社区的儿童进行一项为期五年的纵向研究。这些年轻人分为三类：那些参加课外音乐的人、那些参加课后体育活动的人和那些根本没有结构化的课外活动的人。两年后，哈比比和同事报告说，他们发现接受过音乐训练的儿童大脑的结构发生了变化，无论是局部结构还是连接大脑不同部分的通路都发生了结构变化。
[M] That may seem compelling, but Habibi, s children were not selected randomly. Did the children who were drawn to music perhaps have something in them from the start that made them different but eluded the brain scanners? " As somebody who started taking piano lessons at the age of five and got up every morning at seven to practice, that experience changed me and made me part of who I am today, Schellenberg saidThe questionis whether those kinds of experiences do so systematically across individuals and create exactly the same changes. And I think that is that huge leap o faith.
[M] 这似乎令人信服，但哈比比的孩子并不是随机选择的。那些被音乐吸引的孩子们是否可能从一开始就拥有某种使他们与众不同但逃避了大脑扫描仪的东西？谢伦伯格说：“作为一个从五岁开始上钢琴课，每天早上七点起床练习的人，这段经历改变了我，使我成为了今天的我。问题是，这些经历是否会在个体之间系统地发挥作用。并创造完全相同的变化，我认为这就是信仰的巨大飞跃。
[N] Did he have a hidden talent that others didn't have? Or more endurance than his peers? Music researchers tend, like Schellenberg, to be musicians themselves, and as he noted in his recent paper, the idea of positive cognitive and neural side effects from music training (and other pleasurable activities) is inherently appealing. He also admits that if he had children of his own. He would encourage them to take music lessons and go to university. Would think that it makes them better people, more critical, just wiser in general, he said. "
[N] 他是否拥有别人没有的隐藏天赋？或者比同龄人更有耐力？像谢伦伯格一样，音乐研究人员往往自己就是音乐家，正如他在最近的论文中指出的那样，音乐训练（和其他令人愉悦的活动）产生积极的认知和神经副作用的想法本质上很有吸引力。他也承认如果他有自己的孩子的话。他会鼓励他们参加音乐课并上大学。他说，我认为这会让他们成为更好的人，更挑剔，更聪明。 ”
[O]But those convictions should be checked at the entrance to the lab,he added Otherwise, the work becomes religion or faith. "You have to let go of your faith if you 36.Glenn Sch ellen ber's latest research suggests many psychologists and neuroscientists wrongly believe in the causal relationship between music and IQ
[O]但他补充说，这些信念应该在实验室入口处受到检查，否则，这项工作就会变成宗教或信仰。 “如果你36.格伦·谢伦贝尔的最新研究表明，许多心理学家和神经科学家错误地相信音乐和智商之间的因果关系，你就必须放弃你的信仰
doubts that the change can affect other areas.
怀疑这一变化是否会影响其他领域。
Directions: There passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfit statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),
说明：本节中有一些段落。每个段落后面都有一些问题或不合适的陈述。每个选项都有四个标记为 A) 的选项，
The trend toward rationality and enlightenment was endangered long before the advent of the World Wide Web As Neil Postman noted in his 1985 book Amusing ourselves to Death, the rise of television introduced not just a new medium hut a new discourse: a gradual shift from a typographic culture to a photographic one which in turn meant a shift from rationality to emotions, exposition to entertainment In an image-centered and pleasure-driven world, Postman noted, there is no place for rational thinking, because you simply cannot think with images. It is text that enables us to"uncover lies, confusions and over generalizations, and to detect abuses of logic and common sense. It also means to weigh ideas, to compare and contrast assertion to connect one generalization to another.
正如尼尔·波兹曼 (Neil Postman) 在其 1985 年的《自娱自乐至死》一书中指出的那样，早在万维网出现之前，理性和启蒙的趋势就已经受到威胁，电视的兴起不仅引入了一种新媒体，而且带来了一种新的话语：从印刷文化向摄影文化的转变，这反过来意味着从理性到情感、从展示到娱乐的转变。波兹曼指出，在一个以图像为中心、以快乐为导向的世界里，理性思维没有立足之地，因为你根本无法用图像来思考。文本使我们能够“揭露谎言、混乱和过度概括，并发现对逻辑和常识的滥用。它还意味着权衡想法，比较和对比断言，将一种概括与另一种概括联系起来。
The dominance of television was not confined to our living rooms. It overturned all of those habits of mind, fundamentally changing our experience of the world affecting the conduct of politics, religion, business, and culture. It reduced many aspects of modern life to entertainment, sensationalism, and commerce. "Americans don't talk to each other, we entertain each other, Postman wrote. They don't exchange ideas, they exchange images. They do not argue with propositions, they argue with good looks, celebrities and commercials.'
电视的主导地位并不局限于我们的客厅。它颠覆了所有这些思维习惯，从根本上改变了我们对世界的体验，影响着政治、宗教、商业和文化的行为。它将现代生活的许多方面简化为娱乐、煽情和商业。 “美国人不会互相交谈，我们会互相娱乐，”波兹曼写道。他们不交换想法，他们交换图像。他们不争论主张，他们争论漂亮的外表、名人和广告。
At first, the web seemed to push against this rend. When it emerged towards the end of the 1980s as a purely text-based medium, it was seen as a tool to pursue knowledge, not pleasure. Reason and thought were most valued in this garden-all derived from the project of the Enlightenment. Universities around the world were among the first to connect to this new medium, which hosted discussion groups informative personal or group blogs, electronic magazines, and academic mailing lists and forums. It was an intellectual project, not about commerce or control, created in a scientific research center in Switzerland.And for more thana decade.The web created an alternative space that threatened television's grip on society
起初，网络似乎在抵制这种撕裂。当它在 20 世纪 80 年代末作为一种纯粹基于文本的媒介出现时，它被视为一种追求知识而不是乐趣的工具。在这座花园中，理性和思想最受重视——所有这些都源自启蒙运动的计划。世界各地的大学是最早连接到这一新媒体的大学之一，该媒体主办了讨论小组，提供信息丰富的个人或团体博客、电子杂志以及学术邮件列表和论坛。这是一个智力项目，与商业或控制无关，是在瑞士的一个科学研究中心创建的。十多年来，网络创造了一个替代空间，威胁到电视对社会的控制
Social networks.Though.Have since colonized thewebfor televisions values From Facebook to Instagram. The medium refocuses our attention on videos and images, rewarding emotional appeals-"like buttons over rational ones. Instead of a quest for knowledge, it engages us in an endless zest O for instant approval from an audience, for which we are constantly but unconsciously performing (it's telling that, while Google began life as a PHD thesis, Facebook started as a tool to judge classmates appearances.) It reduces our curiosity by showing us exactly what we already want and think, based on our profiles and preferences. The Enlightenment's 46.Whatdid Neil Postmansay about the rise of television A) It initiated a change from dominance of reason to supremacy of pleasure. B) It brought about a gradual shift from cinema going to home entertainment C) It started a revolution in photographic technology D) It marked a new age in the entertainment industry
然而，社交网络已经在电视价值观上殖民了网络，从 Facebook 到 Instagram。这种媒介将我们的注意力重新集中在视频和图像上，奖励情感诉求——“就像按钮对理性按钮的奖励一样。它不是为了追求知识，而是让我们沉浸在无尽的热情中，以获得观众的即时认可，我们不断但无意识地为此而努力。 （这表明，谷歌最初是作为博士论文而诞生，而 Facebook 最初是作为判断同学外表的工具。）它根据我们的个人资料和偏好，准确地向我们展示我们已经想要和想到的东西，从而减少了我们的好奇心。 46.尼尔·波兹曼对电视的兴起有何评价 A) 它引发了从理性主导到快乐至上的转变 B) 它带来了从电影院到家庭娱乐的逐渐转变 C) 它引发了摄影技术的革命 D)标志着娱乐业进入了新时代
A)It hasgiven them alotmoreto argue about B)It has brought celebrities closer to their lives. C) It has made them care more about what they say.
A）它给了他们更多的争论 B）它让名人更接近他们的生活。 C) 这让他们更加关心自己所说的话。
A)It was developed primarily for universities worldwide. B) It created to connect people in different countries. C) It was viewed as a means to quest for knowledge D) It was designed as a discussion forum for university students
A）它主要是为世界各地的大学开发的。 B) 它的创建是为了连接不同国家的人们。 C) 它被视为一种寻求知识的手段 D) 它被设计为大学生的讨论论坛
50.What dowel e am about users of social media?
50.社交媒体用户有什么特点？
A) They are bent on looking for an alternative space for escape. B) They are constantly seeking approval from their audience C)They are forever engaged in hunting for new information.
A) 他们一心想寻找替代的逃生空间。 B) 他们不断寻求受众的认可 C) 他们永远致力于寻找新信息。
According to a recent study, a small but growing proportion of the workforce is affected to some degree by a sense of entitlement. Work is less about what they can contribute but more about what they can take. It can lead to workplace dysfunction and diminish their own job satisfaction. I'm not referring to employees who are intimately dissatisfied with their employment conditions due to, say, being denied fair pay or flexible work practices. I'm talking about those who consistently believe they deserve special treatment and generous rewards. It's an expectation that exists irrespective of their abilities or levels of performance.
根据最近的一项研究，一小部分但不断增长的劳动力在某种程度上受到权利感的影响。工作不在于他们能贡献什么，而更多地在于他们能得到什么。它可能导致工作场所功能障碍并降低他们自己的工作满意度。我指的并不是那些因被剥夺公平薪酬或灵活工作方式等原因而对其就业条件极为不满意的员工。我说的是那些始终认为自己应该得到特殊待遇和丰厚奖励的人。这是一种无论他们的能力或表现水平如何都存在的期望。
As a result of that discrepancy between the privileges they feel they're owed and their inflated sense of self-worth, they don't work as hard for their employer. The refer instead to slack off. It's a tendency which many scholars believe begins in childhood due to parents who overindulge their kids. This thereby leads them to expect the same kind of spoilt treatment throughout their adult lives. And yet despite how these employees feel, it's obviously important for their manager to nonetheless find out how to keep them motivated. And, by virtue of that heightened motivation, to perform well.
由于他们认为自己应得的特权与膨胀的自我价值感之间存在差异，他们不会为雇主努力工作。而是指懈怠。许多学者认为，这种倾向是由于父母过度溺爱孩子而从童年开始的。因此，这导致他们在整个成年生活中都期待着同样的被宠坏的待遇。然而，不管这些员工的感受如何，对于他们的经理来说，找出如何保持他们的积极性显然很重要。并且，凭借这种强烈的动力，表现出色。
The research team from several American universities surveyed more than 240 individuals. They sampled managers as well as team members. Employee entitlement was measured by statements such as “I honestly feel I'm just more deserving than others". The respondents had to rate the extent of their agreement. Employee engagement, meanwhile, was assessed with statements like"I really throw myself into my work." The findings revealed ethical leadership is precisely what alleviates the negative effects of employee entitlement. That's because rather than indulging employees or neglecting them, ethical leaders communicate very direct and clear expectations. They also hold employees accountable for their behaviors and are genuinely committed to doing the right thing. Additionally, these leaders are consistent in their standards. They're also less likely to deviate in how they treat employees.
来自美国几所大学的研究小组对 240 多人进行了调查。他们对经理和团队成员进行了抽样调查。员工的权利是通过诸如“我真的觉得我比其他人更值得”之类的陈述来衡量的。受访者必须评估他们的同意程度。同时，员工敬业度是通过诸如“我真的全身心投入到我的工作中”之类的陈述来评估的。研究结果显示，道德领导力恰恰可以减轻员工权利的负面影响。这是因为，道德领导者不是纵容员工或忽视他们，而是传达非常直接和明确的期望。他们还要求员工对自己的行为负责，并真诚地致力于工作。此外，这些领导者对待员工的标准也很一致。
This means, when confronted by an entitled team member, an ethical leader is significantly disinclined to accommodate their demands. He or she will instead point out, constructively and tactfully, exactly how their inflated sense of deserving ness,. somewhat distorted. They'd then go further to explain the specific, and objective, criteria the employee must meet to receive their desired rewards.Thisshift awayfrom unrealistic expectations is successful because entitled employees feel more confident that ethical leaders will deliver on their promises. This occurs because they're perceived to be fair and trustworthy. The researchers, however, exercise caution by warning no one single response in the perfect remedy. But there's no denying ethical leadership is at least a critical step in the right direction.
这意味着，当面对有资格的团队成员时，道德领导者明显不愿意满足他们的要求。相反，他或她会建设性地、机智地指出他们夸大的应得感。有点扭曲。然后，他们会进一步解释员工必须满足的具体、客观的标准才能获得他们想要的奖励。这种摆脱不切实际的期望的转变是成功的，因为有权利的员工对道德领导者将兑现他们的承诺更有信心。发生这种情况是因为他们被认为是公平且值得信赖的。然而，研究人员警告说，没有一种单一的反应可以带来完美的治疗，因此要谨慎行事。但不可否认的是，道德领导力至少是朝着正确方向迈出的关键一步。
A) They attempt to make more contributions. B) They feel they deserve more than they get C) They attach importance to job satisfaction. D) They try to diminish workplace dysfunction
A) 他们试图做出更多贡献。 B) 他们觉得自己应得的比他们得到的更多 C) 他们重视工作满意度。 D）他们试图减少工作场所功能障碍
A)They lack a strong sense of self-worth B) They were spoiled when growing up. C) They have received unfair treatment. D) They are overindulged by their boss.
A) 他们缺乏强烈的自我价值感 B) 他们在成长过程中被宠坏了。 C) 他们受到不公平的待遇。 D) 他们被老板过度纵容。
A）Be aware of their emotions B) Give them timely promotions. C) Keep a record of their performance. D) Seek ways to sustain their motivation
A）了解他们的情绪 B）及时给他们升职。 C) 记录他们的表现。 D）寻找保持动力的方法
A)They are held accountable by their employees B) They are always transparent in their likes and dislikes. C) They convey their requirements in a straightforward way. D) They make it a point to be on good term with their employees
A) 他们对员工负责 B) 他们的好恶总是透明的。 C) 他们以直接的方式表达他们的要求。 D) 他们重视与员工保持良好关系
A) Those whocanbe counted on tofulfill commitments. B) Those who can do things beyond normal expectations. C) Those who exercise caution in making major decisions D) Those who know how to satisfy their employees needs
A）那些可以信赖的人来履行承诺。 B) 能够做出超出正常预期的事情的人。 C) 谨慎做出重大决策的人 D) 知道如何满足员工需求的人
Translation (30 minutes)
翻译（30 分钟）
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fr on Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：对于这一部分，你有 30 分钟的时间将一篇中文文章翻译成英文。你应该将你的答案写在答题纸 2 上。
延安位于陕西省北部，地处黄河中游，是中国革命的圣地。毛泽东等老一辈革命家曾在这里生活战斗了十三个春秋，领导了抗日战争和解放战争，培育了延安精神，为中国革命做出了巨大贡献。延安的革命旧址全国数量最大、分布最广级别最高。延安是全国爱国主义、革命传统和延安精神教育基地。延安有9个革命纪念馆，珍着中共中央和老一辈革命家在延安时期留存下来的大量重要物品，因此享有“中国革命博物馆城"的美誉。