INTERACTIVE NETWORK LEARNING: AN ASSESSMENT OF EVE-NG PLATFORM IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS
互動式網路學習：Eve-ng 平台在教育環境中的評估

Keywords: Computer Networking, Distance Learning, EVE-NG, Simulation Software, Remote Learning Tools, Virtualization
Keywords：電腦網路、遠端學習、EVE-NG、模擬軟體、遠端學習工具、虛擬化

Network simulation tools have emerged as crucial resources in the realm of computer networks, offering a secure and controlled platform for the examination, experimentation, and emulation of network configurations and topologies. These tools provide users with the capability to simulate diverse network scenarios, troubleshoot issues, and assess novel configurations, all without the need for costly physical infrastructure. Moreover, network simulation tools, such as Cisco Packet Tracer, have found significant utility in the domain of training and education, serving as invaluable platforms for the dissemination and acquisition of network concepts. By employing network simulation tools, users can effectively install and manage a variety of network devices, including routers, switches, firewalls, servers, and more, thereby enabling comprehensive network simulations that replicate real-world network environments [1]. Furthermore, these tools facilitate the creation of intricate network topologies, enabling the simulation of complex network scenarios and offering indispensable resources for network design and planning. Notably, network simulation tools such as EVE-NG or GNS3 have become indispensable for network engineers and IT professionals, as they allow for immersive hands-on experience with network technologies while mitigating the risk of disruptions to production networks.
網路模擬工具已成為電腦網路領域中的重要資源，為網路配置和拓樸的檢驗、實驗和模擬提供了安全受控的平台。這些工具讓使用者有能力模擬各種網路情境、排除故障並評估新的組態，而不需要昂貴的實體基礎架構。此外，網路模擬工具（如 Cisco Packet Tracer）在培訓和教育領域中發揮了重要作用，成為傳播和獲取網路概念的寶貴平台。透過使用網路模擬工具，使用者可以有效地安裝和管理各種網路設備，包括路由器、交換器、防火牆、伺服器等，從而實現複製真實網路環境的綜合網路模擬[1]。此外，這些工具也有助於建立複雜的網路拓樸，實現複雜網路情境的模擬，並為網路設計與規劃提供不可或缺的資源。值得注意的是，EVE-NG 或 GNS3 等網路模擬工具已成為網路工程師和 IT 專業人員不可或缺的工具，因為這些工具可讓使用者身歷其境地親身體驗網路技術，同時降低生產網路中斷的風險。

Traditional learning through lectures often limits students to passive listening, depriving them of valuable hands-on experience. Bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application is essential for students to truly comprehend the complexities of real-world networking scenarios. By engaging in hands-on activities, students can gain practical experience, refine their problemsolving abilities, and solidify their understanding of computer networks. The ability for students to work outside the constraints of physical laboratories is a significant advantage of hands-on practice. Traditionally, network experiments were confined to on-site labs with limited access and time constraints.
傳統的講座學習方式往往限制了學生被動地聆聽，剝奪了他們寶貴的實踐經驗。要讓學生真正理解真實世界網路情境的複雜性，縮短理論知識與實際應用之間的差距至關重要。透過參與實作活動，學生可以獲得實際經驗、提昇解決問題的能力，並鞏固他們對電腦網路的理解。學生能夠跳脫實體實驗室的限制，是上機實作的一大優點。傳統上，網路實驗被限制在現場實驗室中，存取權限有限且時間緊迫。

Simulated network environments can test new configurations, solve problems, and simulate different network topologies without the need for expensive physical equipment. Network simulation tools are usually an essential component of modern network engineering and IT training and provide users with a powerful platform for testing network configurations and topologies in a safe and controlled environment [2]. Understanding the significance and impact of different learning tools used in computer network virtualization is crucial for enhancing student learning outcomes.
模擬網路環境可以測試新的組態、解決問題以及模擬不同的網路拓樸，而不需要昂貴的實體設備。網路模擬工具通常是現代網路工程和 IT 訓練的重要組成部分，並提供使用者一個強大的平台，在安全受控的環境下測試網路配置和拓樸[2]。了解用於電腦網路虛擬化的不同學習工具的意義與影響，對於提升學生的學習成果至關重要。

This paper aims to conduct a comparative analysis between EVE-NG and other popular network simulation tools, such as Cisco Packet Tracer and GNS3, to delineate their respective advantages and disadvantages. EVE-NG will be thoroughly evaluated by assessing the level of student satisfaction with its features. Additionally, valuable feedback and suggestions will be collected and analyzed from the students, contributing to insights regarding the improvement and development of EVE-NG.
本論文將比較分析 EVE-NG 與其他流行的網路模擬工具，如 Cisco Packet Tracer 與 GNS3，以找出其各自的優缺點。本文將透過評估學生對 EVE-NG 功能的滿意度，對 EVE-NG 進行徹底的評估。此外，還將收集和分析學生的寶貴反饋和建議，為 EVE-NG 的改進和發展提供真知灼見。

The main goal of our research is to create a valid constraint when using a simulation tool for network devices. Similar work was already done by our colleague Jakab in a paper [3] where he described a simulation tool packet tracer used for student education. Georgi Tsochev compared several simulation tools in his paper [4], where he also describes the basic configuration and parameters of the machines. Valdinei Carlos Oliveira [5] describes eve-ng as a tool that allows users to simulate network architectures that are not financially expensive and also can analyze network behavior, and make adjustments and corrections without dropping the real network. The competitive tool GNS3, as presented by Emiliano [6], is asserted to be a time-saving instrument in a learning environment for all network professionals, whether beginners or advanced. According to his words, GNS3 enables the configuration and testing of network topologies, even for less proficient users.
我們研究的主要目標是在使用網路設備的模擬工具時，建立一個有效的約束。我們的同事 Jakab 在一篇論文 [3] 中已經做了類似工作，他描述了一個用於學生教育的模擬工具 packet tracer。Georgi Tsochev 在他的論文 [4] 中比較了幾種模擬工具，他也描述了機器的基本設定和參數。Valdinei Carlos Oliveira [5] 描述 eve-ng 是一個可以讓使用者模擬網路架構的工具，不需要昂貴的財務費用，也可以分析網路行為，並在不丟掉真實網路的情況下進行調整和修正。Emiliano [6] 所提出的競爭性工具 GNS3 斷言是所有網路專業人員 (無論是初學者或進階者) 在學習環境中可節省時間的工具。根據他的說法，GNS3 即使對不太精通的使用者而言，也能進行網路拓樸的設定與測試。

The impact of a student’s presence on his performance has been also a topic of research interest. Bystrom and Barfield [7] found that a sense of presence is a key contributing factor to higher task performance based on their comparison of results from six virtual environments. Additional studies, such as the work of Barfield and Weghorst [8], support this argument and highlight the mediating effect of enjoyment on the presence-performance relationship. However, the causal link between presence and performance has been challenged. Mania and Chalmers in [9] suggested that presence is not always positively associated with task performance, as high-fidelity simulations should be as effective as the real world. Similarly, Youngblut and Huie [10] reported no significant difference in task performance based on variations in presence. Ma and Nickerson [11] have concluded that the task of conducting large-scale educational tests while simultaneously controlling factors such as instructor ability poses significant challenges.
學生的臨場感對其表現的影響也一直是研究興趣的課題。Bystrom 和 Barfield [7] 在比較了六種虛擬環境的結果後發現，臨場感是提高任務表現的關鍵因素。其他的研究，例如 Barfield 和 Weghorst [8] 的工作，也支持這個論點，並強調了樂趣對臨場感-績效關係的中介作用。然而，臨場感和績效之間的因果關係受到了質疑。Mania 和 Chalmers 在 [9] 中提出，臨場感並不總是與任務績效正相關，因為高保真模擬應該和真實世界一樣有效。同樣地，Youngblut 和 Huie [10] 報告指出，根據臨場感的變化，任務表現沒有顯著差異。Ma 和 Nickerson [11] 認為，在進行大規模教育測試的同時，還要控制教師能力等因素，這項任務帶來了巨大的挑戰。

Based on the empirical findings presented, our conclusion supports the notion that amidst the transition to distance learning prompted by the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, the integration of virtual laboratories into the educational framework offers notable advantages rather than detrimental effects on student learning outcomes.
基於所提出的實證研究結果，我們的結論支持以下觀點，即在 COVID-19 大流行所促使的遠距教學轉型中，將虛擬實驗室整合到教育架構中，對學生的學習成果有顯著的優勢，而非有害的影響。

EVE-NG (Emulated Virtual Environment - Next Generation) is a network emulation software. The software allows to create and simulate virtual networks using a wide variety of virtual machines (VMs) and network devices. EVE-NG is designed for network professionals, IT students, and instructors who want to simulate complex network scenarios for testing, training, and certification preparation purposes [12].
EVE-NG (Emulated Virtual Environment - Next Generation) 是一款網路模擬軟體。該軟體允許使用各種虛擬機 (VM) 和網路設備來建立和模擬虛擬網路。EVE-NG 是專為網路專業人員、IT 學生和教師所設計，他們希望模擬複雜的網路情境，以達到測試、訓練和認證準備的目的[12]。

EVE-NG provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface and allows users to create virtual topologies and run devices. The platform also includes built-in network service modules. It allows users to add virtual servers, such as DHCP servers, DNS servers, and web servers, to virtual networks.
EVE-NG 提供易於使用的圖形化使用者介面，並允許使用者建立虛擬拓樸和執行裝置。該平台還包含內建的網路服務模組。它允許使用者在虛擬網路中加入虛擬伺服器，例如 DHCP 伺服器、DNS 伺服器和 Web 伺服器。

EVE-NG can run on a local machine or remote server and supports a variety of hypervisor systems such as VMware ESXi, VirtualBox, and KVM. It also offers a powerful API that allows users to automate network configuration and deployment tasks using scripting languages such as Python [13].
EVE-NG 可在本機或遠端伺服器上執行，並支援多種管理程序系統，例如 VMware ESXi、VirtualBox 和 KVM。它還提供強大的 API，讓使用者可以使用 Python 等腳本語言自動執行網路設定與部署工作 [13]。

The Community Edition is free and provides users with access to most of the basic features of EVE-NG. It supports a wide range of virtualized network devices, basic network topologies, and access to the EVE-NG community forum for support and advice.
社區版是免費的，使用者可以使用 EVE-NG 的大部分基本功能。它支援多種虛擬化網路設備、基本網路拓樸，並可存取 EVE-NG 社群論壇以獲得支援與建議。

The PRO edition is designed for enterprise users, network professionals, and organizations with more demanding network simulation requirements.
PRO 版專為企業用戶、網路專業人士，以及有更高網路模擬需求的組織所設計。

EVE-NG requires an Intel CPU with VT-x/EPT support. It can be run on one of the following: Ubuntu Xe-
EVE-NG 需要支援 VT-x/EPT 的 Intel CPU。它可以在下列其中一個平台上執行：Ubuntu Xe-
nial Xerus 16.04.X LTS 64bit (suggested with any processor), VMware ESXi 6.0 or later, VMware Workstation 12.5 or later, VMware Fusion 8 or later, VMware Player 12.5 or later, or a Google Cloud platform VM (https://ybezrukov.wordpress.com/2020/05/ 22/eve-ng-system-requirements/). The system requirements are contingent upon the size of the lab intended to be run: for a small lab ( 2 or 3 routers), 8 GB memory, 2 VCPU, and 120 GB disk are required; for a medium lab ( 6 up to 10 routers & switches + firewall), $16/32$$16/32$16//3216 / 32 GB memory, 8 VCPU , and 150 GB disk are needed; for a large lab ( 30 up to 40 routers & switches + firewall), 64 GB memory, 20 VCPU, and 150GB disk are necessary (https://dynamips.store/ product/eve-ng-lab-images-downlaod-online/).
VMware Xerus 16.04.X LTS 64bit (建議使用任何處理器)、VMware ESXi 6.0 或更新版本、VMware Workstation 12.5 或更新版本、VMware Fusion 8 或更新版本、VMware Player 12.5 或更新版本，或 Google Cloud 平台虛擬機器 ( https://ybezrukov.wordpress.com/2020/05/ 22/eve-ng-system-requirements/)。系統需求取決於要執行的實驗室規模：小型實驗室（2 或 3 個路由器）需要 8 GB 記憶體、2 VCPU 和 120 GB 磁碟；中型實驗室（6 至 10 個路由器和交換器 + 防火牆）需要 $16/32$$16/32$16//3216 / 32 GB 記憶體、8 VCPU 和 150 GB 磁碟；大型實驗室（30 至 40 個路由器和交換器 + 防火牆）需要 64 GB 記憶體、20 VCPU 和 150 GB 磁碟 ( https://dynamips.store/ product/eve-ng-lab-images-downlaod-online/).

In EVE-NG, virtual machine images are used to create virtual network devices such as routers, switches, firewalls, and servers. These images are essentially preconfigured virtual machines that have been optimized for use in network simulations and can be used to create complex network topologies and test different network configurations. EVE-NG supports a wide range of images. It supports Cisco, Juniper, Palo Alto Networks, Fortinet, and other images. Before adding an image, it is important to ensure that the image is compatible with the software and hardware requirements of the platform [14]. EVE-NG is a network emulation platform that supports a wide range of virtualized network devices. The supported device types include:
在 EVE-NG 中，虛擬機器映像用於建立虛擬網路設備，例如路由器、交換器、防火牆和伺服器。這些映像基本上是預先設定的虛擬機器，已針對網路模擬進行最佳化，可用於建立複雜的網路拓樸和測試不同的網路配置。EVE-NG 支援多種映像。它支援 Cisco、Juniper、Palo Alto Networks、Fortinet 及其他映像。在新增映像之前，必須確保映像與平台的軟硬體需求相容[14]。EVE-NG 是一個網路模擬平台，支援多種虛擬化網路設備。支援的設備類型包括

EVE-NG also supports other devices and appliances that can be imported into the platform as virtual machines, such as Windows and Linux servers, and various network monitoring tools [14].
EVE-NG 也支援其他裝置與設備，這些裝置與設備可以虛擬機器的方式匯入平台，例如 Windows 與 Linux 伺服器，以及各種網路監控工具 [14]。

EVE-NG provides a web-based user interface. It allows users to create and manage network topologies, deploy, and configure virtualized network devices. The web interface is designed to be user-friendly and intuitive. In the EVE-NG Web interface, users can easily create and modify network topologies. The web interface also supports the integration of network automation tools and third-party cloud services, making it a powerful platform for network engineers and administrators.
EVE-NG 提供基於 Web 的使用者介面。它允許使用者建立和管理網路拓樸、部署和設定虛擬化網路設備。Web 介面的設計易於使用且直覺化。在 EVE-NG Web 介面中，使用者可輕鬆建立及修改網路拓樸。Web 介面也支援網路自動化工具與第三方雲端服務的整合，使其成為網路工程師與管理人員的強大平台。

Fig. 1 Web interface
圖 1 網頁介面

EVE-NG provides access to a variety of consoles for managing virtualized network devices, including a device console or a terminal console. EVE-NG provides a native console and an HTML5 console for managing and accessing virtualized network devices in a network simulation environment. Users can access the native console by clicking on the device console icon in the EVE-NG topology diagram.
EVE-NG 提供各種管理虛擬化網路設備的主控台存取，包括設備主控台或終端主控台。EVE-NG 提供本機主控台和 HTML5 主控台，用於在網路模擬環境中管理和存取虛擬化網路設備。使用者可點選 EVE-NG 虛擬網路拓樸圖中的設備主控台圖示來存取本機主控台。

Native console: The native console is the traditional console interface used to access virtualized network devices. The console is a terminal-based console that requires a Telnet or SSH connection to the device. In the case of Windows machines, it also requires and additional software to be installed in order to open telnet-links from the web browser. The native console supports advanced features such as copy and paste, mouse support, and customizable keyboard shortcuts.
本機主控台：本機主控台是用來存取虛擬化網路裝置的傳統主控台介面。主控台是基於終端機的主控台，需要 Telnet 或 SSH 連線到裝置。如果是 Windows 機器，還需要安裝額外的軟體，才能從 Web 瀏覽器開啟 Telnet 連結。本機主控台支援複製和貼上、滑鼠支援和自訂鍵盤捷徑等進階功能。

HTML5 Console: the HTML5 console is a newer console interface that is built into the web interface. It allows users to access virtualized network devices directly through a Web browser without the need for a Telnet or SSH connection. The HTML5 console is based on the noVNC project.
HTML5 主控台：HTML5 主控台是內建於 Web 介面的較新主控台介面。它允許使用者直接透過 Web 瀏覽器存取虛擬化網路裝置，而不需要 Telnet 或 SSH 連線。HTML5 主控台以 noVNC 專案為基礎。

While the HTML5 console simplifies the user experience by providing easier access and requiring no user setup, it may not fully replicate the experience of working with physical hardware and lacks certain advanced features like copy-and-paste functionalities that are available in the console experience. The console experience’s advantage lies in its ability to provide network professionals with a more authentic representation of the interaction with hardware. It allows them to practice and refine their command-line skills, which are essential in real-world networking scenarios. Additionally, the console experience helps bridge the gap between the simulated environment and physical network deployments, ensuring a smoother transition and transfer of skills. Figure 2 shows the UI of the EVENG console environment, which simulates PuTTy windows connected to real-world hardware.
雖然 HTML5 主控台提供更容易的存取方式且不需要使用者設定，簡化了使用者體驗，但它可能無法完全複製使用實體硬體的體驗，而且缺乏某些進階功能，例如複製和貼上功能，而這些功能在主控台體驗中都有提供。主控台體驗的優勢在於能夠提供網路專業人員與硬體互動的更真實呈現。這可讓他們練習並精進命令列技能，而這些技能在真實的網路情境中是不可或缺的。此外，控制台體驗有助於縮短模擬環境與實體網路部署之間的距離，確保更順利的過渡和技能轉移。圖 2 顯示 EVENG 控制台環境的使用者介面，模擬 PuTTy 視窗連接至真實世界的硬體。

Fig. 2 Native console experience
圖 2 原生控制台體驗

EVE-NG offers the flexibility to utilize both console systems for educational purposes. One significant advantage is the ability to employ these systems interchangeably based on specific teaching requirements. By opting for the HTML5 console, the copy-and-paste functionality can be disabled, compelling users to manually retype commands and reinforce their command-writing skills. Conversely, by utilizing the native console, the EVE-NG interface can be accessed, enabling expedited command input through the use of copy-and-paste functionality to enhance the learning process. This versatility allows instructors to adapt the teaching approach to either emphasize command-writing proficiency or accelerate the learning pace.
EVE-NG 可靈活運用兩種控制台系統來達到教學目的。其中一個顯著的優勢是可以根據特定的教學需求交替使用這些系統。如果選擇 HTML5 主控台，就可以停用複製貼上功能，迫使使用者手動重新鍵入指令，強化他們的指令撰寫技巧。相反地，使用原生主控台則可存取 EVE-NG 介面，藉由複製貼上功能加速指令輸入，強化學習過程。這種多樣性讓導師可以調整教學方式，強調指令撰寫能力或加快學習步伐。

Upon initializing a new project in EVE-NG, a menu interface is presented on the left-hand side of the screen. This menu encompasses a variety of options aimed at facilitating device management, object addition, and related functionalities within the project environment. Users can access these options to navigate and interact with the project components effectively.
在 EVE-NG 中初始化新專案時，螢幕左側會出現選單介面。此功能表包含多種選項，目的在於方便專案環境中的裝置管理、物件新增及相關功能。使用者可存取這些選項，以有效地瀏覽專案元件並與之互動。

Add Object:The “Add Object” option allows users to add new virtualized network devices or networks to the simulation environment.
新增物件：「新增物件」選項允許使用者在模擬環境中新增虛擬化網路設備或網路。

Nodes: the “Nodes” option allows users to manage and configure their virtualized network devices in the simulation environment. This includes adding new devices, removing existing devices, and configuring device properties such as hostname, IP address, and interface settings.
節點：「節點」選項允許使用者在模擬環境中管理和設定虛擬化網路設備。這包括新增設備、移除現有設備，以及設定設備屬性，例如主機名稱、IP 位址和介面設定。

Networking: The “Networks” option allows users to manage and configure virtual networks in their simulation environment. This includes adding new networks, deleting existing networks, and configuring network properties such as subnet masks and DHCP settings.
網路：網路」選項允許使用者在模擬環境中管理和設定虛擬網路。這包括新增網路、刪除現有網路，以及設定網路屬性，例如子網路遮罩和 DHCP 設定。

Startup Configuration: The “Startup-configs” option allows users to manage and configure the startup configurations of their virtualized network devices. This includes saving and retrieving device configurations, as well as editing configurations.
啟動組態：Startup-configs」選項允許使用者管理和設定虛擬化網路裝置的啟動組態。這包括儲存和擷取裝置組態，以及編輯組態。

Images: The “Pictures” option allows users to manage and configure the pictures and icons used for their virtualized network devices.
圖片：圖片」選項可讓使用者管理和設定虛擬化網路裝置所使用的圖片和圖示。

Configured Objects: The “Configured Objects” option allows users to view and configure properties and configurations for their virtualized network devices.
Configured Objects（已配置物件）：Configured Objects（已配置物件）」選項允許使用者檢視和配置虛擬化網路裝置的屬性和組態。

More Actions: The “More Actions” option provides users with additional options to manage and configure their virtualized network devices and simulation environments. This includes cloning devices, exporting configurations, importing images and configurations, and other options.
更多動作：更多動作」選項提供使用者其他選項，以管理和設定虛擬化網路裝置和模擬環境。這包括複製裝置、匯出組態、匯入影像和組態，以及其他選項。

Refresh Topology: The “Refresh Topology” option allows users to refresh the network topology diagram to show any changes made to the simulation environment.
刷新拓樸圖：刷新拓樸」選項允許使用者刷新網路拓樸圖，以顯示對模擬環境所做的任何變更。

Lab Page Zoom In/Out: The “Lab Page Zoom-in/out” option allows users to zoom in or out of the network topology diagram to view specific areas in more detail or to get an overview of the entire topology.
實驗室頁面放大/縮小：實驗室頁面放大/縮小」選項允許使用者放大或縮小網路拓樸圖，以檢視特定區域的更多細節或獲得整個拓樸的概觀。

Lab Details: The “Lab Details” option provides users with detailed information about their simulation environment, including device properties, network configurations, and other information.
實驗室詳細資訊：Lab Details（實驗室詳細資料）」選項提供使用者有關其模擬環境的詳細資訊，包括裝置屬性、網路組態及其他資訊。

Close Lab: The “Close Lab” option allows users to close their simulation environment and return to the EVENG control panel.
關閉實驗室：關閉實驗室」選項允許使用者關閉其模擬環境，並返回 EVENG 控制面板。

Lock Lab: The “Lock Lab” option allows users to lock their simulation environment to prevent unauthorized access.
鎖定實驗室：鎖定實驗室」選項允許使用者鎖定其模擬環境，以防止未經授權的存取。

Logout: The “Logout” option allows users to log out of the EVE-NG management interface. [15]
登出：Logout" 選項允許使用者登出 EVE-NG 管理介面。[15]

Fig. 3 Topology page
圖 3 佈局頁面

EVE-NG offers a range of advanced features for creating and managing complex network topologies. Among the advanced features of the EVE lab are:
EVE-NG 提供一系列先進功能，用於建立和管理複雜的網路拓樸。EVE 實驗室的進階功能包括

Multi-user support: EVE-NG allows multiple users to simultaneously access and work in the same lab.
支援多位使用者：EVE-NG 允許多位使用者同時存取並在同一實驗室工作。

Cloud Integration: EVE-NG supports integration with popular cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
雲端整合：EVE-NG 支援與流行的雲端供應商整合，例如 Amazon Web Services (AWS)、Microsoft Azure 及 Google Cloud Platform (GCP)。

High Availability: EVE-NG supports High Availability (HA) configurations that ensure network simulations are not affected by single points of failure.
高可用性：EVE-NG 支援高可用性 (HA) 設定，可確保網路模擬不會受到單點故障的影響。

Real-time traffic analysis: the EVE-NG includes a real-time traffic analyzer (RTA) that can capture and analyze network traffic in real-time.
即時流量分析：EVE-NG 包含即時流量分析器 (RTA)，可即時擷取與分析網路流量。

Integration with external tools: EVE-NG supports integration with a wide range of external tools and services, including packet capture tools, vulnerability scanners, and intrusion detection systems (IDS).
與外部工具整合：EVE-NG 支援與多種外部工具和服務整合，包括封包擷取工具、弱點掃描器和入侵偵測系統 (IDS)。

API Integration: EVE-NG includes a robust API that enables users to automate common tasks such as lab creation and management, virtual machine deployment, and network device configuration.
API 整合：EVE-NG 包含強大的 API，可讓使用者自動執行實驗室建立與管理、虛擬機器部署、網路設備配置等一般工作。

Prominent tools for network simulation and emulation include Cisco Packet Tracer, GNS3, and EVE-NG, each possessing distinct features and capabilities. In terms of platform compatibility, adaptability across Windows, Mac, or Linux systems characterizes GNS3 and Cisco Packet Tracer, while EVE-NG functions as a self-contained virtual machine. Cisco Packet Tracer, requiring a Cisco account for saving features, can only be hosted as an application on a local machine. GNS3 offers setup options on both local and virtual machines, whether locally or remotely hosted. In contrast, EVE-NG features a clientless setup, operating without the need for additional software components on the local device.
網路模擬與仿真的主要工具包括 Cisco Packet Tracer、GNS3 與 EVE-NG，每種工具都擁有不同的特色與功能。在平台相容性方面，GNS3 和 Cisco Packet Tracer 具備跨 Windows、Mac 或 Linux 系統的適應性，而 EVE-NG 則是獨立的虛擬機器。Cisco Packet Tracer 需要 Cisco 帳戶才能儲存功能，因此只能以應用程式的方式託管在本機上。GNS3 提供本機與虛擬機器的設定選項，不論是本機或遠端託管。相較之下，EVE-NG 採用無用戶端設定，無需在本機裝置上安裝額外的軟體元件即可運作。

In networking capabilities, GNS3 is distinguished by its capacity to interconnect virtual and real devices, providing a fusion of virtual and physical network topology. EVENG, on the other hand, is limited to virtual networking. Both tools require Cisco IOS images to function. GNS3 must be obtained through a service contract or educational program, whereas EVE-NG can run either Cisco IOS or VIRL images. Networking capabilities are most limited in Cisco Packet Tracer, which exclusively utilizes its own specific Cisco images with restricted features.
在網路功能方面，GNS3 的特點在於能夠將虛擬與真實裝置互連，提供虛擬與實體網路拓樸的融合。EVENG 則限於虛擬網路。這兩種工具都需要 Cisco IOS 映像才能運作。GNS3 必須透過服務合約或教育計畫取得，而 EVE-NG 則可執行 Cisco IOS 或 VIRL 映像檔。Cisco Packet Tracer 的網路功能最為有限，它只使用本身特定的 Cisco 影像，且功能受限。

Licensing is another area where these tools diverge. GNS3 is open-source and free to use, while EVE-NG offers a free community edition alongside a purchasable Pro edition. The main use case for GNS3 revolves around network emulation and virtualization, making it a suitable choice for various networking projects. On the other hand, EVENG shines in multi-vendor network simulation, enabling a broader scope of network simulation scenarios. Lastly, the Cisco Packet Tracer is requiring a Cisco account for full feature access.
授權是這些工具的另一個不同之處。GNS3 是開放原始碼且免費使用，而 EVE-NG 則提供免費的社群版與可購買的專業版。GNS3 的主要用途圍繞著網路模擬與虛擬化，使其成為各種網路專案的合適選擇。另一方面，EVENG 在多廠商網路模擬方面大放異彩，可支援更廣泛的網路模擬情境。最後，Cisco Packet Tracer 需要 Cisco 帳戶才能使用完整功能。

GNS3 is lauded for its extensive features encapsulated within the open-source software, providing a robust tool for network professionals. The EVE-NG Pro edition includes additional features such as lab timers and Wireshark integration, which improves its functionality and appeal for certain kinds of applications. Cisco Packet Tracer is intended solely for students to learn basic network setups and principles, as it lacks the ability to simulate large and complex networks due to a lack of programmed commands for such configurations.
GNS3 因其在開放原始碼軟體中封裝的廣泛功能而備受稱讚，為網路專業人員提供了強大的工具。EVE-NG Pro 版本包含實驗室計時器和 Wireshark 整合等附加功能，可改善其功能性並吸引特定類型的應用程式。Cisco Packet Tracer 只適用於學生學習基本的網路設定與原理，因為它缺乏模擬大型複雜網路的能力，原因是缺乏針對此類設定的程式化指令。

Installation of the EVE-NG virtual machine image is a straightforward process, albeit one that requires some degree of proficiency with the installation of virtual machines. One of the most technically challenging parts of the installation is the installation of the Cisco IOL (IOS On Linux, also called IOU or IOS On Unix) image and the creation of the iourc license file. IOL is the Linux version of the Cisco router/switch operating system, compiled for the i 386 ar-
EVE-NG 虛擬機器映像的安裝過程簡單直接，儘管需要一定程度的虛擬機器安裝技巧。其中最具技術挑戰性的部分是安裝 Cisco IOL (IOS On Linux，也稱為 IOU 或 IOS On Unix) 映像和建立 iourc 授權檔案。IOL 是 Cisco 路由器/交換器作業系統的 Linux 版本，針對 i 386 編譯。

Table 1 Community and Pro edition comparison of the EVE-NG network emulation software
表 1 EVE-NG 網路模擬軟體的社群版與專業版比較

chitecture.  結構。
Once the EVE-NG is installed, the user can access a simple web management interface that provides a login screen with a predefined username and password. When running locally, such as in a virtual machine in a type 2 hypervisor, a Native console can be selected at login, making every device connection a separate instance of a console program like Putty. This feature enables EVE-NG to replicate the real-life behaviour of console connections. However, when logging in from a remote network, the HTML5 console option must be selected. Unfortunately, this option does not allow copy/paste operations, which reduces the learning rate for students. However, it does teach students to type in the Cisco-style command prompt. Instructors can share preprogrammed network lab files to save time and reduce the manual configuration of each network topology.
EVE-NG 安裝完成後，使用者可以存取一個簡單的網頁管理介面，該介面提供一個預先定義使用者名稱與密碼的登入畫面。在本機執行時，例如在 Type 2 Hypervisor 的虛擬機器中，登入時可選擇 Native 主控台，讓每個裝置連線都成為主控台程式（如 Putty）的獨立實例。此功能可讓 EVE-NG 複製主控台連線的真實行為。然而，從遠端網路登入時，必須選擇 HTML5 主控台選項。不幸的是，這個選項不允許複製/貼上的操作，降低了學生的學習速度。不過，它可以教導學生在 Cisco 風格的命令提示中輸入。教師可以分享預先編程的網路實驗檔案，以節省時間並減少每個網路拓樸的手動設定。

Exporting network configurations had some issues, mainly that the IOL and IOS files differed in export consistency. IOL export was done using EVE-NG GUI, and every router needed an option selected to read the startup configuration from a particular file. IOS images were more difficult to install, and only a limited number of versions were supported. However, their configuration export worked precisely like in real hardware, using the “copy running-config startup-config” command. Adding multiple routers in a lab was straightforward, and even the prefix could be selected to have multiple routers named in order (R1-R4, SW1 SW4). However, adding too many nodes to a lab could cause the hosting server to become overwhelmed, causing a delay or an interrupted connection to the EVE-NG virtual machines. Overall, EVE-NG is a robust network virtualization tool that is well-suited for simulating complex network topologies for students and professionals alike.
匯出網路組態有一些問題，主要是 IOL 和 IOS 檔案在匯出一致性上有所不同。IOL 匯出是使用 EVE-NG GUI 完成的，而且每個路由器都需要選取一個選項，才能從特定檔案讀取啟動組態。IOS 映像檔較難安裝，而且只支援有限的版本。不過，它們的組態匯出功能與真實硬體一樣，都是使用「copy running-config startup-config」指令。在實驗室中加入多個路由器很直接，甚至可以選擇前綴，讓多個路由器依序命名 (R1-R4, SW1 SW4)。然而，在實驗室中加入太多節點可能會造成主機伺服器不堪負荷，導致與 EVE-NG 虛擬機器的連線延遲或中斷。總體而言，EVE-NG 是一個強大的網路虛擬化工具，非常適合學生和專業人士模擬複雜的網路拓樸。

The objective of this research was to understand and evaluate the level of student satisfaction regarding the EVENG tool environment. The methodology adopted involved administering a questionnaire to a group of students.
本研究的目的是了解並評估學生對 EVENG 工具環境的滿意程度。所採用的方法包括對一群學生進行問卷調查。

A total of 21 students participated in this survey. The questionnaire comprised ten questions. The first nine questions were based on a numerical scale ranging from 1 to 5 , where 1 represents the lowest and 5 denotes the highest level of satisfaction. The final question was open-ended, allowing participants to share their opinions and sugges-
共有 21 名學生參與此調查。問卷包括十個問題。前九個問題採用 1 到 5 的數字量表，其中 1 代表最低滿意度，5 代表最高滿意度。最後一條問題是開放式的，允許參與者分享他們的意見和建議。
tions about potential improvements to the EVE-NG setup or recommend other superior tools for emulating complex networking technologies.
有關 EVE-NG 設定的潛在改進建議，或推薦用於模擬複雜網路技術的其他優異工具。

The research aimed to gauge student satisfaction with the EVE-NG tool environment, with findings revealing several insights. When asked about their overall satisfaction with the documentation and setup procedure of EVE-NG, a notable majority of participants gave it the highest rating. To break down the scores, ten students gave it a perfect 5 , six students a commendable 4 , four students marked it at 3 , while only one student rated it a 2 . Remarkably, none of the participants gave the lowest score.
該研究旨在評估學生對EVE-NG工具環境的滿意度，研究結果揭示了幾個重要觀點。當被問及對 EVE-NG 文件與設定程序的整體滿意度時，絕大多數的參與者都給予了最高的評價。在細分分數時，有 10 位學員給了 5 分滿分，6 位學員給了值得讚賞的 4 分，4 位學員給了 3 分，只有 1 位學員給了 2 分。值得注意的是，沒有一位參與者給予最低分。

Moving on to the ease of setting up the EVE-NG virtual machine, students found it relatively straightforward, with an average difficulty rating of just 2.00. Adding a new IOS operating system image to EVE-NG was similarly deemed not too challenging, evidenced by an average difficulty score of 2.05 .
至於設定EVE-NG虛擬機器的難易程度，學生認為相對簡單，平均難易度僅為2.00。在 EVE-NG 中加入新的 IOS 作業系統映像也同樣被認為沒有太大的挑戰性，平均難度為 2.05。

The user experience seemed to be quite favorable, especially regarding the web interface of EVE-NG. On average, students rated the ease of use at 3.14 , while the overall aesthetic appeal of the interface garnered a slightly higher score of 3.57.
用戶體驗似乎相當不錯，尤其是 EVE-NG 的網頁介面。平均來說，學生對於易用性的評分為 3.14，而對於介面的整體美感評分則稍高，為 3.57。

However, when the compatibility aspect was touched upon, the feedback painted a mixed picture, resulting in an average satisfaction score of 2.76 . Reliability appeared to be a concern too, with the tool earning a mean score of 2.05 .
然而，當談到相容性時，回饋的結果卻是好壞參半，平均滿意度為 2.76。可靠性似乎也是一個值得關注的問題，工具的平均得分為 2.05。

In comparison to other tools, EVE-NG was rated against Cisco Packet Tracer and GNS3. While it was deemed slightly less satisfactory than the Cisco Packet Tracer, with a score of 2.35 , it fared better against GNS3, securing a decent average of 3.25 .
與其他工具相比，EVE-NG 的評比對象為 Cisco Packet Tracer 和 GNS3。雖然 EVE-NG 的滿意度略低於 Cisco Packet Tracer（2.35 分），但在 GNS3 的評比中，EVE-NG 的表現較佳，平均分達到 3.25 分。

Furthermore, the open-ended feedback section offered students the chance to voice concerns and suggestions Many highlighted issues like the frequent crashes or subpar performance of EVE-NG. They expressed a desire for enhanced features, including a more diverse range of device types and an expanded port selection. Genuine device port name support and bug fixes were also among the common suggestions. Emphasizing the tool’s learning curve, they advocated for more detailed installation guidelines and hands-on demonstrations. Interestingly, some even went as far as suggesting the development of a brand-new tool, reminiscent of the Cisco Packet Tracer environment
此外，開放式的意見回饋部分讓學生有機會表達他們的疑慮與建議，許多人強調 EVE-NG 經常當機或效能不佳等問題。他們表示希望增強功能，包括更多元化的裝置類型和更多的連接埠選擇。真正的裝置連接埠名稱支援和錯誤修正也是常見的建議。他們強調工具的學習曲線，主張提供更詳細的安裝指引和實際操作示範。有趣的是，有些人甚至建議開發全新的工具，讓人聯想到 Cisco Packet Tracer 環境。

Our study, centered on gauging student satisfaction with the EVE-NG tool environment, provided us with valuable insights that carry significant implications for its future development and deployment.
我們的研究以評估學生對 EVE-NG 工具環境的滿意度為中心，為我們提供了寶貴的見解，對其未來的發展和部署具有重大的意義。

A notable majority of the students expressed satisfaction with the tool’s documentation and setup procedure. This positive feedback underscores that the initial stages of engagement with EVE-NG are both intuitive and userfriendly. However, to maintain this favorable perception, there’s a continuous need to ensure that the documentation remains current, comprehensive, and easy to grasp.
絕大多數的學生對工具的文件和設定程序表示滿意。這種正面的回饋強調了EVE-NG的初始階段既直觀又易於使用。然而，要維持這種良好的印象，就必須持續確保文件的最新性、全面性和易於掌握。

Further, the ease with which students could set up the tool and add new IOS images is an encouraging sign. The initial interaction stages, especially with tech tools, can often determine subsequent engagement levels. A frictionless start often correlates with persistent use, indicating that EVE-NG’s design in these aspects aligns well with user expectations.
此外，學生可以輕鬆設定工具並新增 IOS 圖片，這是一個令人鼓舞的現象。最初的互動階段，尤其是科技工具，通常會決定後續的參與程度。無摩擦的開始通常與持續使用相關，這表明 EVE-NG 在這些方面的設計與使用者的期望非常吻合。

While the interface’s usability and appearance received commendable scores, it’s vital to continuously seek avenues for refinement. As interface expectations evolve rapidly in the tech world, staying abreast of these changes and incorporating timely updates could further elevate user experience.
雖然介面的可用性和外觀獲得了值得稱許的評分，但持續尋求改進的途徑是非常重要的。由於科技界對於介面的期望日新月異，掌握這些變化並及時更新，可以進一步提升使用者體驗。

However, the study’s results also illuminated certain areas of concern. Compatibility and reliability issues, for instance, can pose significant hindrances to user experience. Addressing these challenges should be a priority, as they directly impact the tool’s functional utility. Considering the competitive landscape of network simulation tools, as highlighted by the comparative scores with Cisco Packet Tracer and GNS3, it’s crucial for EVE-NG to fortify its strengths and diligently address its weaknesses.
然而，研究結果也揭示了某些值得關注的領域。例如，相容性和可靠性問題會嚴重妨礙使用者體驗。解決這些挑戰應該是首要任務，因為它們會直接影響工具的功能效用。考慮到網路模擬工具的競爭態勢，正如與 Cisco Packet Tracer 和 GNS3 的比較結果所顯示的，EVE-NG 必須鞏固其優勢，並努力解決其弱點。

The open-ended feedback provided by the students is particularly valuable. Their firsthand experiences and suggestions offer a roadmap for enhancement. Concerns, especially regarding performance bottlenecks, and the desire for feature additions, should guide the next development phases. The recurring mention of a tool akin to Cisco Packet Tracer also hints at a potential market gap, warranting exploration.
學生提供的開放式回饋尤其寶貴。他們的第一手經驗和建議提供了改進的路線圖。特別是關於效能瓶頸的疑慮，以及對新增功能的渴望，都應該成為下一個開發階段的指引。一再提到的類似 Cisco Packet Tracer 的工具也暗示了潛在的市場缺口，值得探討。

To sum up, while EVE-NG has garnered appreciation in multiple domains, this study underscores the importance of continuous evolution. By addressing the highlighted concerns and leveraging the feedback, EVE-NG can fortify its position in the realm of network simulation tools, ensuring enduring relevance and user satisfaction.
總而言之，雖然 EVE-NG 已在多個領域獲得好評，但本研究強調持續演進的重要性。透過解決所強調的問題並運用回饋，EVE-NG 可以鞏固其在網路模擬工具領域的地位，確保持久的相關性與使用者滿意度。

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under Grants APVV SK-CZ-RD-210028, APVV-22-0414 & APVV-SK-TW-21-0002; the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Slovak Academy of Sciences under Grants VEGA 1/0685/23 & VEGA 2/0165/21 funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic; by
本研究得到了斯洛伐克研究與發展署（Grants APVV SK-CZ-RD-210028、APVV-22-0414 和 APVV-SK-TW-21-0002）、斯洛伐克共和國教育、科學、研究與體育部科學撥款機構（Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic）和斯洛伐克科學院（Slovak Academy of Sciences）的資助，這些基金由斯洛伐克共和國教育、科學、研究與體育部（Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic）資助，基金名為 VEGA 1/0685/23 和 VEGA 2/0165/21。
the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, TU Košice under the Grant FEI-2023-95 and from the Operational program Integrated infrastructure projects ITMS 313011W988 & ITMS 313011V422 co-financed by the ERDF.
由 TU Košice 電機工程與資訊學院根據 FEI-2023-95 補助金以及由 ERDF 共同資助的整合基礎建設專案 ITMS 313011W988 & ITMS 313011V422 營運計畫所提供。

[1] Linda Marie HARASIM, Starr Roxanne HILTZ, Lucio TELES, Murray TUROFF, et al. Learning networks: A field guide to teaching and learning online. MIT press, 1995.
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Received June 30, 2023, accepted November 20, 2023
2023年6月30日收到，2023年11月20日接受

Maroš Harahus has been a PhD student at the Department of Electronics and Multimedia Telecommunications since 1 September 2021. His dissertation work includes automatic text correction and natural language processing, vector data representation, training language models in the Spacy library, and machine translation using the Fairseq toolkit. Within the project, he will actively collaborate with his team, solving individual tasks and helping to develop software solutions.
Maroš Harahus 自 2021 年 9 月 1 日起成為電子與多媒體電信系的博士生。他的論文工作包括自動文字修正與自然語言處理、向量資料表示、在 Spacy 函式庫中訓練語言模型，以及使用 Fairseq 工具包進行機器翻譯。在本專案中，他將積極與團隊合作，解決個別任務，並協助開發軟體解決方案。

Matúš Čavojský received M.Sc. degree in computer networks from the Technical University of Košice, Slovakia in 2022. Currently, he is a PhD student at the Department
Matúš Čavojský 於 2022 年獲得斯洛伐克 Košice 技術大學的電腦網路碩士學位。目前，他是斯洛伐克科希策科技大學計算機網絡系的博士生。
of Electronics and Multimedia Telecommunications of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice since 2022. His scientific research is focused on data analysis and artificial intelligence for cybersecurity. In addition, he also investigates questions related to split and edge computing systems.
自 2022 年起擔任科希策科技大學電機工程與資訊學院電子與多媒體電信學系教授。他的科學研究重點是網路安全的資料分析和人工智慧。此外，他也研究與分割和邊緣計算系統相關的問題。

Gabriel Bugár received M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in telecommunication from the Technical University of Košice, Slovakia in 2007 and 2010, respectively. Currently, he is an Associate Professor with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Technical University of Košice, Slovakia. He was also involved in the development activities of Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN). His research interests include cognitive networks, the co-existence of heterogeneous networks, machine learning principles applications, image processing, and e-learning.
Gabriel Bugár 分別於 2007 年和 2010 年獲得斯洛伐克科希策科技大學的電信碩士和博士學位。目前，他是斯洛伐克 Košice 科技大學電機工程系的副教授。他也曾參與諾基亞西門子網路 (NSN) 的開發活動。他的研究興趣包括認知網路、異質網路共存、機器學習原理應用、影像處理和電子學習。

Matúš Pleva graduated PhD . in telecommunications from the Department of Electronics and Multimedia Communications of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics at the Technical University of Kosice (2010). He works as an associate professor in the field of informatics and is Head of the Department. His research interests are acoustic modeling, acoustic event detection, speaker recognition, speech processing, human-machine interaction, embedded systems and parallel computing, security & biometrics, computer networking, IoT, etc. He is an ACM and HiPEAC member.
Matúš Pleva 畢業於科西策技術大學電機工程與資訊學院電子與多媒體通訊系的電信博士學位（2010 年）。他是資訊學領域的副教授，也是該系的系主任。他的研究興趣包括聲學建模、聲學事件偵測、喇叭識別、語音處理、人機互動、嵌入式系統與平行運算、安全與生物識別、電腦網路、物聯網等。他是 ACM 和 HiPEAC 會員。