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BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
业务需求规格

(BRS) （BRS）

DATA PIPELINE CARRIER PIPELINE DATA EXCHANGE STRUCTURE (PDES)
数据管道载体管道数据交换结构（PDES）

Table of Contents 目录

Document History ..... 3 文件历史 .....3
Change Log ..... 3
更改日志 .....3
1.0 Preamble ..... 4
1.0 序言 .....4
2.0 References ..... 4
2.0 参考资料 .....4
3.0 Objective ..... .5
3.0 目标 ......5
4.0 Scope ..... 5
4.0 范围 .....5
4.1 Description ..... 5
4.1 说明 .....5
4.2 Context. ..... 5
4.2 背景。.....5
5.0 Business Requirements Elaboration ..... 6
5.0 业务需求阐述 .....6
5.1 Business Requirements List ..... 6
5.1 业务需求列表 .....6
5.2 Definition of Business Terms ..... 7
5.2 商业术语的定义 .....7
5.3 Business Requirements View ..... 8
5.3 业务需求视图 .....8
5.3.1 Overall Business Process Use Case, Partner View and Conceptual Model ..... 8
5.3.1 总体业务流程用例、合作伙伴视图和概念模型 .....8
5.3.2 Waypoint A. 1 - Consignment Completion point ..... 9
5.3.2 航点 A. 1 - 发货完成点 .....9
5.3.3 Waypoint A. 2 - Departure from the country of export. ..... 11
5.3.3 航点 A. 2 - 离开出口国。.....11
5.3.4 Waypoint A.3 - Arrival declaration ..... 12
5.3.4 航点 A.3 - 抵达申报 .....12
5.3.5 Waypoint A. 4 - Delivery of Consignment .. ..... 14
5.3.5 航点 A. 4 - 交付货物 ... .....14
5.4 Business Choreography View ..... 15
5.4 业务编排视图 .....15
5.4.1 Business Transaction View - Transactions and Authorized Roles ..... 15
5.4.1 业务交易视图 - 交易和授权角色 .....15
5.4.2 Business Collaboration View - Linked Transactions ..... 16
5.4.2 业务协作视图--关联交易 .....16
5.4.3 Business Realization View - Business Partner Types and Authorized Roles Error! Bookmark
5.4.3 业务实现视图 - 业务伙伴类型和授权角色 错误！书签
not defined. 未定义。
Document History 文件历史
Phase Status Date Last Modified 最后修改日期
Draft development 发展草案 Initial 22-AUG-2017
Figure 01: PDES Document History
图 01：PDES 文件历史
Change Log 更改日志
Date of Change 变更日期 Version
Paragraph
Changed
Summary of Changes 变化摘要
August 2017 0.1 Initial Creation 初始创建
September 2017 2017 年 9 月 0.2
After sending for internal review, added feedback
送交内部审查后，增加了反馈意见
around the link to the eCMR project and
围绕与 eCMR 项目的链接和
commonality of the waypoints.
航点的共性。
October 2017 0.3
Feedback from forum in Rome on wording,
罗马论坛对措辞的反馈意见、
difference between MMT and Pipeline
MMT 和管道的区别
January 2018 0.4 Feedback from Interim Meeting in Paris
巴黎临时会议的反馈意见
April 2018 0.5
Overview of the BRS and feedback from Geneva
BRS 概览和日内瓦的反馈意见
Forum
April 2019 0.6 Feedback from Geneva Forum
日内瓦论坛的反馈意见
July 2019 0.7
Berlin working group to finalize draft for review.
柏林工作组确定草案供审查。
Updated use cases. 更新用例。
August 2019 0.8 Updating BRS required segments
更新 BRS 所需分段
August 2019 0.9 Draft for Public Review
供公众审查的草案
February 2020 2020 年 2 月 1.0 Updates from the public review
公众评审的最新情况
Figure 02: PDES Document Change Log
图 02：PDES 文件更改日志

1.0 Preamble 1.0 序言

Easing modern trade flow requires improvements across the entire supply chain, including commercial and regulatory management. Key to managing these new demands and making optimum choices is to capture and use the right data at the right time from the right source. With this objective in mind, a number of pilot projects has led to the development of an end to end data carrier that describes the data to be sent between trading partners and to regulatory authorities through a "seamless integrated transaction." This process has necessitated a major rationalization of current business requirements and approaches in order to ensure capturing accurate data at its source.
要缓解现代贸易流动的压力，就必须改进整个供应链，包括商业和监管管理。管理这些新需求和做出最佳选择的关键是在正确的时间从正确的来源获取和使用正确的数据。考虑到这一目标，一些试点项目开发出了端到端数据载体，描述了通过 "无缝集成交易 "在贸易伙伴之间以及向监管机构发送的数据。在这一过程中，有必要对当前的业务要求和方法进行重大的合理化调整，以确保从源头上获取准确的数据。
In today's global supply chain business processes, information about transactions resides in siloed business and government systems. The information which is shared is often reinterpreted or filtered. As a result, the flow of goods is accompanied by information streams of poor quality. The lack of reliable, accurate and complete data makes it hard to achieve supply chain visibility. This, in turn, makes decision making, risk detection, efficient risk management, supply chain optimization by companies and supervision by regulatory inspection agencies very difficult.
在当今的全球供应链业务流程中，有关交易的信息存在于各自为政的企业和政府系统中。共享的信息往往被重新解释或过滤。因此，伴随货物流动的是质量低下的信息流。由于缺乏可靠、准确和完整的数据，很难实现供应链的可视性。这反过来又给企业的决策、风险检测、高效风险管理、供应链优化和监管检查机构的监督带来了很大困难。
The concept of a Data Pipeline allows data that originates at its source to be provided once and used multiple times throughout the supply chain, regardless of the mode of transport, party or regulatory agency that needs to access the data.
数据管道的概念允许在源头提供一次数据，并在整个供应链中多次使用，而不受运输方式、当事方或需要访问数据的监管机构的影响。
In the Data Pipeline concept, information is structured around waypoints when information is injected into the Data Pipeline ("input waypoints") or when information is extracted from the Data Pipeline ("output waypoints"). Various events take place in the process and movement of goods and these can potentially be "input waypoints", "output waypoints" or both.
在数据管道概念中，当信息注入数据管道（"输入航点"）或从数据管道中提取信息（"输出航点"）时，信息是围绕航点结构的。在货物的加工和运输过程中会发生各种事件，这些事件可能是 "输入航点"，也可能是 "输出航点 "或两者兼而有之。
Connectivity infrastructures for information sharing such as Data Pipeline environments enable better quality data, supply chain visibility and information sharing. They open new possibilities for system-based audit and the development of smart software applications to offer value-added services to business, such as automated planning and scheduling, and for regulatory agencies, such as automated monitoring and targeting.
数据管道环境等用于信息共享的连接基础设施能够提供更高质量的数据、供应链可视性和信息共享。它们为基于系统的审计和智能软件应用程序的开发提供了新的可能性，从而为企业（如自动规划和调度）和监管机构（如自动监控和目标定位）提供增值服务。
In such a Data Pipeline approach, the quantity of data in the pipeline therefore grows as the goods move from seller and/or consignor to consignee and/or buyer while at the same time ensuring the quality of the data as it is coming from its source. These Data Pipelines will need to have a sequence of generic waypoints, but these will be constructed individually based on customer needs or mode of transport meaning that each one may be different.
因此，在这种数据管道方法中，管道中的数据量会随着货物从卖方和/或发货人到收货人和/或买方的移动而增加，同时确保数据的质量，因为数据是从源头开始的。这些数据管道需要有一系列通用的航点，但这些航点将根据客户需求或运输方式单独构建，这意味着每个航点都可能不同。

2.0 References 2.0 参考资料

3.0 Objective 3.0 目标

The objective of this document is to outline and standardize the information entities of the Data Pipeline Carrier, which is based on the Multi Modal Transport Reference Data Model (MMT RDM). Data Pipelines in general may operate independently of each other, but should be interoperable in respect of the data, with the goal that the intended recipients can receive data in a standardized format that reduces the integration effort of data into their systems. Data Pipelines may be entirely private to a specific entity or eventually open (public) and accept complimentary data from any source that provides accurate and accountable information relevant to the transport process.
本文件旨在概述数据管道载体的信息实体并将其标准化，该载体基于多式联运参考数据模型 （MMT RDM）。一般来说，数据管道可以相互独立运行，但在数据方面应具有互操作性，目的是让目标接收方能以标准化格式接收数据，从而减少将数据整合到其系统中的工作量。数据管道可以完全对特定实体保密，也可以最终开放（公开），并接受来自任何提供与传输过程相关的准确和可靠信息的来源的补充数据。

4.0 Scope 4.0 范围

4.1 Description 4.1 说明

The project scope is to standardize and harmonize messages related to the cross-border exchange of goods for any mode of transport to be exchanged between multiple actors within a supply chain, either directly within one or between corresponding Data Pipelines. The Data Pipeline works on the principle that advance data from trusted sources is made available at the earliest opportunity to those that need and require the data.
该项目的范围是标准化和统一与任何运输方式的跨境货物交换有关的信息，以便供应链中的多个参与者之间直接在一个数据管道内或在相应的数据管道之间进行交换。数据管道的工作原则是尽早向需要和要求数据的人提供来自可信来源的先期数据。
The Data Pipeline can be used in conjunction with documents, but the primary focus is on processdriven data exchange.
数据管道可与文档结合使用，但主要侧重于流程驱动的数据交换。
Events that take place at key points in time during the process are known as "waypoints." The definition of all possible waypoints is not within the scope of this document as these may vary depending on the needs of the business partners and the mode of transport.
在流程中的关键时间点发生的事件称为 "航点"。所有可能的航点都不在本文件的讨论范围之内，因为这些航点可能会根据业务合作伙伴的需求和运输方式而有所不同。
Future waypoints may be defined for specific modes of transport or business processes to suit as appropriate. The White Paper "Data Pipeline Concept for Improving Data Quality in the Supply Chain" outlines multimodal waypoints that could be used in international supply chains.
未来的航点可根据具体的运输方式或业务流程进行定义。白皮书 "提高供应链数据质量的数据管道概念 "概述了可用于国际供应链的多模式航点。
This document describes a typical scenario in all modes of transport, using these 4 key waypoints:
本文件介绍了所有运输方式中使用这 4 个关键航点的典型情景：
  1. Consignment Completion Point
    托运完成点
  2. Departure from the Country of Export
    离开出口国
  3. Arrival Declaration 抵达申报
  4. Delivery of Consignment 交付托运货物
4.2 Context 4.2 背景
Context Category 背景类别 Description
Business Process 业务流程
Data exchange via Pipeline Data Exchange Structure
通过管道数据交换结构进行数据交换
BUY-SHIP-PAY / Multi Modal Transport RDM / PDES
即买即付/多式联运 RDM / PDES
Product Classification 产品分类 All
Industry Classification 行业分类 All
Geopolitical Global
Official Constraints 官方限制 None
Business Process Role 业务流程角色 Sender of information; user of information
信息发送者；信息使用者
Context Category 背景类别 Description
Supporting Role 配角
Buyer, Seller, Transport Service Buyer, Transport Service Provider,
买方、卖方、运输服务买方、运输服务提供商、
Declarant, Customs, Regulatory Agency, Consignor, Consignee, loT
申报人、海关、监管机构、发货人、收货人、loT
device.
System Capabilities 系统功能 No limitations 无限制
Figure 03: Context Categories for PDES
图 03：PDES 的背景类别

5.0 Business Requirements Elaboration
5.0 业务需求阐述

5.1 Business Requirements List
5.1 业务需求清单

In the Date Pipeline concept, information is structured around waypoints when information is injected into the Data Pipeline ("input waypoints") or when information is extracted from the pipeline ("output waypoints"). Various events take place in the process and movement of goods and these can potentially be "input waypoints", "output waypoints" or both.
在 "数据管道 "概念中，当信息注入数据管道（"输入航点"）或从管道中提取信息（"输出航点"）时，信息是围绕航点结构的。在货物的流程和移动过程中会发生各种事件，这些事件可能是 "输入航点"，也可能是 "输出航点 "或两者兼而有之。
The definition of all possible waypoints is not within the scope of this document as these may vary depending on the needs of the business partners and the mode of transport.
所有可能的航点都不在本文件的讨论范围之内，因为这些航点可能会根据业务伙伴的需求和运输方式而有所不同。
Future waypoints may be defined for specific modes of transport or business processes to suit as appropriate. The White Paper "Data Pipeline Concept for Improving Data Quality in the Supply Chain" outlines multimodal waypoints that could be used in international supply chains. The injection of information can have multiple sources just as the users of the information in the pipeline could be multiple. For this reason, using a clear semantic standard based on the UN/CEFACT MMT RDM is very important.
未来的航点可根据具体的运输方式或业务流程进行定义。白皮书 "提高供应链数据质量的数据管道概念 "概述了可用于国际供应链的多模式航点。信息的注入可以有多个来源，就像管道中的信息用户可以有多个一样。因此，使用基于 UN/CEFACT MMT RDM 的明确语义标准非常重要。
This document describes a typical scenario relevant to all modes of transport, using these 4 key OUTPUT waypoints:
本文件利用这 4 个关键的 "输出 "途径点，描述了与所有运输方式相关的典型情景：
  1. Consignment Completion Point
    托运完成点
  2. Departure from the Country of Export
    离开出口国
  3. Arrival declaration 抵达申报
  4. Delivery of Consignment 交付托运货物
Number Business Requirement Statement
业务需求说明 		Business Transaction Name
业务交易名称
A.1
The point that the goods are physically loaded into a
货物被实际装入运输工具的时间点
container, a unit load device (ULD) or into the packaging
容器、单元装载装置 (ULD) 或装入包装内
for its main transport.
为其主要交通工具。
The Consignor or Transport Service Provider should have
发货人或运输服务提供商应具备以下条件
all information concerning the commercial aspects of
所有涉及以下方面的商业信息
the goods and the scheduled main transport.
货物和预定的主要运输工具。
Consignment completion 寄售完成
point
A.2
The point at which the goods have actually left the port
货物实际离港的时间点
of loading, confirming the transport has taken place.
确认运输已经完成。
The Transport Service Provider should have all
运输服务供应商应具备以下所有条件
information concerning the actual transportation.
有关实际运输的信息。
This information can be transmitted to the Consignee or
该信息可传送给收货人或
Buyer as well as to Regulatory Agencies in the country of
买方以及买方所在国的监管机构
arrival in order to plan their arrivals.
以便计划他们的抵达时间。
Departure from the country
离开该国
of export
A.3
The point at which the required customs declaration for
海关要求报关的时间点
the arrival of the goods takes place.
货物到达。
Arrival declaration 抵达申报
Number Business Requirement Statement
业务需求说明 		Business Transaction Name
业务交易名称
The information can be transmitted directly to the
信息可直接传输到
relevant Regulatory Agency or alternatively to the
相关监管机构，或
declarant who uses the information for these regulatory
将信息用于这些监管目的的申报人
procedures.
A. 4
The point at which the consignment is actually delivered
实际交付托运货物的时间点
to the consignee or Delivery Party under the transport
根据运输合同向收货人或交货方支付的费用
contract.
The information can be transmitted to the Consignee, a
该信息可传送给收货人，或
Transport Service Provider or the Buyer.
运输服务提供商或买方。
Delivery of consignment 交付货物
Figure 04: PDES Business Requirement List
图 04：PDES 业务需求列表
Number Data Requirement Statement
数据要求说明
B1
The data pipeline specification should provide interoperability with the UN/CEFACT
数据管道规范应提供与 UN/CEFACT 的互操作性。
Multi-Modal Transport Reference Data Model (MMT RDM)
多式联运参考数据模型（MMT RDM）
Figure 05: PDES Data Requirement Statement Template
图 05：PDES 数据要求声明模板

5.2 Definition of Business Terms
5.2 商业术语的定义

The main terms are defined in the MMT RDM; the PDES is fully compliant with all of these definitions. The PDES makes reference to the following additional terms:
主要术语的定义见《监测、评估和报告需求管理》；政 策制订和评价服务完全符合所有这些定义。政 策制订和评价服务参考了以下附加术语：
Term Definition
Cross Border Agency, 跨境机构、
Regulatory Agency 监管机构
An agency operating at the border handling the regulatory
在边境开展业务的机构，负责监管
aspects of entry of goods into a territory, including relevant
货物入境的各个方面，包括相关的
security procedures. 安全程序。
eCMR
Contract of carriage by road (eCMR) means a contract in which a
公路运输合同（eCMR）是指以下合同
transport company, against the payment of freight, undertakes to
运输公司在支付运费后，承诺
carry goods from one place to another. In the CMR Convention, a
将货物从一个地方运到另一个地方。在《公路货运公约》中
contract of carriage is confirmed by the making out of a
运输合同通过签发
consignment note. 托运单。
IoT Device
An electronic device that may connect to the Internet to exchange
可连接互联网进行交换的电子设备
information with a software application that collects/receives,
通过软件应用程序收集/接收信息、
stores and communications this information with users with or
存储这些信息，并与用户进行通信，无论用户是否
without the use of an loT platform.
无需使用 loT 平台。
PDES
Pipeline Data Exchange Structure, the data structure defined in
管道数据交换结构，是在
the project to provide the data in a Data Pipeline environment,
项目在数据管道环境中提供数据、
the PDES is a subset of the Multi Modal Transport Reference Data
多式联运参考数据的子集
Model (MMT RDM). 模型（MMT RDM）。
Transport Service Buyer 运输服务采购员
The buyer of transport services as stipulated in a Transport
运输服务合同中规定的运输服务买方
Service Contract. 服务合同。
Transport Service Provider
运输服务提供商
The provider i.e. seller of transport services as stipulated in a
运输服务提供者，即运输服务合同中规定的卖方。
Transport Service Contract.
运输服务合同。
Term Definition
ULD
Unit Load Device. Standardized containers used for transporting
单位装载装置。用于运输以下物品的标准化容器
cargo in the air mode of transport. ULDs may also be used in the
在空运方式中，ULD 也可用于运输货物。ULD 还可用于
pre-carriage and post-carriage of the cargo, with the main
货物的装运前和装运后，主要包括
transport being air cargo.
运输方式为空运。
WMS Warehouse Management System
仓库管理系统
Figure 06: PDES Definition of Terms
图 06：PDES 术语定义

5.3 Business Requirements View
5.3 业务需求视图

5.3.1 Overall Business Process Use Case, Partner View and Conceptual Model
5.3.1 总体业务流程用例、合作伙伴视图和概念模型
Figure 07: PDES Business Process Use Case Diagram
图 07：PDES 业务流程用例图
The Data Pipeline is established through "input waypoints" and "output waypoints." Those who provide the information in the input waypoints are the source of the information; the intention is to try to get the information from its source. Those who use the information are the reasons for the output waypoints. Depending on the design of the Data Pipeline itself, only parts of the information may be made available at the output waypoint, i.e. information necessary for a specific procedure. The participants and stakeholders may in some cases be simultaneously both source of some original information and user of other information which preceded their operation. These participants and stakeholders include: Buyer, Seller, Transport Service Buyer, Transport Service Provider, Declarant, Customs, Regulatory Agency, Consignor, Consignee, loT Device, Insurance Service Provider, Finance Service Provider, WMS...
数据管道是通过 "输入航点 "和 "输出航点 "建立的。在输入航点中提供信息的人是信息的来源；目的是从信息来源获取信息。使用信息的人是输出航点的原因。根据数据管道本身的设计，输出航点可能只提供部分信息，即特定程序所需的信息。在某些情况下，参与方和利益相关方可能同时既是某些原始信息的来源，也是其运行前其他信息的用户。这些参与者和利益相关者包括买方、卖方、运输服务买方、运输服务提供商、申报人、海关、监管机构、发货人、收货人、loT 设备、保险服务提供商、金融服务提供商、WMS...
Buy/Ship/Pay - 购买/发货/付款
Cross-Border Trade, Transport & Customs
跨境贸易、运输和海关
Business Entity Overview
企业实体概述
Figure 08: PDES overall Conceptual Model
图 08：政评处整体概念模型

5.3.2 Waypoint A. 1 - Consignment Completion point
5.3.2 航点 A. 1 --托运完成点

A. 1 Consignment Completion Point
A.1 个托运完成点

General 一般情况

Name Consignment Completion Point
托运完成点
Description
The point that the goods are physically loaded into its transport
货物实际装入运输工具的时间点
equipment such as a container, a unit load device (ULD) or into
设备，如集装箱、单元装载设备 (ULD) 或装入
the packaging for its main transport.
主要运输包装。
Details
Classified to Business Areas
按业务领域分类
and Process Areas 和工艺领域
Participants and their interests
参与者及其兴趣 		Consignee, Consignor, Delivery Party
收货人、发货人、交货方
Stakeholders and their 利益相关者及其
interests
Insurance Service Providers, Finance Service Providers
保险服务提供商、金融服务提供商
Reference(s)
Start / End Characteristics
开始/结束特征
The Despatch Party has a consignment to be transported and
发货方有待运货物，并且
knows the mode of transport (air, road, sea or rail).
知道运输方式（空运、陆运、海运或铁路）。
The consignment has been or will be loaded into one or more
托运货物已装入或将装入一个或多个
specific pieces of transport equipment.
特定的运输设备。
The Consignor has advised the Transport Service Provider when the
发货人已通知运输服务提供商何时发货。
consignment will be ready for pick-up.
托运将准备就绪。
The Transport Service Provider has space available on a specific
运输服务提供商在特定的
means of transport. 交通工具。
The Transport Service Provider and the Consignor/Despatch Party
运输服务提供商和发货人/发货方
have a contractual relationship.
有合同关系。
The Despatch Party knows explicitly the number of items, weight
发运方明确知道物品的数量、重量、包装和运输方式。
of the consignment loaded into the specific transport equipment
装入特定运输设备的托运货物的数量
along with any transport equipment references or seals.
以及任何运输设备的参考资料或封条。
The Despatch process may also trigger payment and could be a
发货流程也可能触发付款，并可能成为
useful waypoint in the supply chain.
供应链中的有用航点。
Post-condition
The Consignment is secured, loaded and departs the Despatch
确保托运货物安全、装载并离开发货地
Party to the next location in the movement.
前往运动中的下一个地点。
Begins When
Stuffing of the container, the ULD or the packaging for main
集装箱、ULD 或主要包装的装填
transport.
Ends When
Doors closed on the container, the ULD or the packaging for main
集装箱、ULD 或主要包装上的门关闭
transport. Eventually any seals affixed.
运输。最后贴上封条。
Actions None
Exceptions None
Relationships
eCMR eCMR process shares this waypoint and could compliment
eCMR eCMR 流程共享这一航点，可补充
the data at this waypoint for cross border road movements.
该航点的数据用于跨境公路运输。
The eCMR needs to provide trust that the data hasn't been
eCMR 需要让人相信数据没有被篡改。
changed from this waypoint. Data could be added to the message
从该航点更改。可在信息中添加数据
schema to accommodate this mode of transport requirement.
模式，以满足这种运输方式的要求。
None
Affected Business Processes
受影响的业务流程
Figure 09: PDES Business Process Worksheet; Consignment Completion Point
图 09：PDES 业务流程工作表；托运完成点
Figure 10: PDES Business Process Activity Diagram; Consignment Completion Point
图 10：PDES 业务流程活动图；托运完成点

5.3.3 Waypoint A. 2 - Departure from the country of export
5.3.3 航点 A. 2 - 离开出口国

A. 2 Departure from the country of export
A.2 离开出口国
General
Name Departure from the country of export
离开出口国
Description
Departure of the Transport Means from the country of export,
运输工具离开出口国、
which could be the vessel or flight departure to its next or final
这可能是船只或航班出发前往下一个目的地或最终目的地。
destination.
Details
Classified to Business Areas
按业务领域分类
and Process Areas 和工艺领域
Business Area: Multi-Modal Transport
业务领域：多式联运
Process Area: Ship 工艺领域：船舶
Participants and their interests
参与者及其兴趣
Transport Service Provider, Carrier, Subsequent Carrier, Despatch
运输服务提供商、承运人、后续承运人、发货
Party
Stakeholders and their 利益相关者及其
interests
Reference(s)
Start / End Characteristics
开始/结束特征
Pre-condition
The consignment has been loaded and delivered to a port for the
货物已装船并运抵港口，以便
modes Sea, Air and Rail.
海运、空运和铁路。
In the case of road movements, the consignment maybe going
在公路运输的情况下，托运货物可能会
directly from the Despatch party to the Delivery Party, so this
直接从发货方到交货方，因此这
would mean that A1 and A2 would be the same.
就意味着 A1 和 A2 相同。
The Transport Service Provider has space available on a specific
运输服务提供商在特定的
means of transport, and the consignment has been accepted for
运输工具，且托运货物已被接受，以便
carriage on the means of transport.
运输工具上的运输。
Where applicable any customs and security formalities have been
在适用情况下，任何海关和安全手续均已完成
completed and goods are cleared for transport.
完成，货物清关运输。
Post-condition
The consignment is secured, loaded and departed from the
托运货物的安全、装载和离开
port/place of loading for onward transport to the next location.
装货港/装货地，以便运往下一个地点。
A.2 Departure from the country of export
A.2 离开出口国
Begins When
The planned itinerary is confirmed.
计划行程已确定。
The actual date and time of departure is confirmed.
实际出发日期和时间已确认。
Ends When
The Carrier or Transport Service Provider has loaded the goods
承运人或运输服务提供商已装载货物
onto the means of transport and departed the country of export.
装上运输工具，离开出口国。
Actions Transportation is en route.
交通正在途中。
Exceptions None
Relationships None
Included Business Processes
包括业务流程
Departure confirmation 出发确认
Transshipment events 转运活动
Affected Business Processes
受影响的业务流程 		None
Figure 11: PDES Business Process Worksheet; Departure from the country of export
图 11：PDES 业务流程工作表；离开出口国
Figure 12: PDES Business Process Activity Diagram; Departure from the country of export
图 12：PDES 业务流程活动图；离开出口国

5.3.4 Waypoint A. 3 - Arrival declaration
5.3.4 航点 A. 3 - 抵达申报

A. 3 Arrival declaration
A.3 抵达申报

General 一般情况

Name Arrival declaration 抵达申报
Description
The point at which the required customs declaration for the
货物所需报关单的报关地点
arrival of the goods takes place.
货物到达。
Details
Business Area: Regulatory
业务领域：监管
Process Area: Ship 工艺领域：船舶
Classified to Business Areas
按业务领域分类
and Process Areas 和工艺领域
Carrier, Border Agencies
承运人、边境机构
Participants and their interests
参与者及其兴趣
Stakeholders and their 利益相关者及其
interests
A. 3 Arrival declaration
A.3 抵达申报
Reference(s) 参考文献
Start / End Characteristics
开始/结束特征
Pre-condition
The consignment will need to cross a border into a different
托运货物需要跨越边境进入不同的
country or customs regime and will require a declaration to be
国家或海关制度，并将要求申报
made.
Post-condition
The consignment crosses through the border and continues its
这批货物越过边境，继续前行。
onward journey to the Delivery Party.
前往交货方。
Begins When
Consignment arrives at the border. In some countries, this can be
货物抵达边境。在某些国家，这可能是
initiated prior to the arrival.
在抵达前启动。
Ends When Cleared by regulatory authority for entry into the territory.
获得监管机构的入境许可。
Actions
Information in the Data Pipeline could be provided earlier at the
数据管道中的信息可在以下阶段提前提供
request/consent of regulatory agencies.
监管机构的要求/同意。
Road transport may need to provide cabotage history for a driver
公路运输可能需要提供司机的驾驶记录
to ensure that he/she transits a country as opposed to working in
确保他/她在一个国家过境，而不是在另一个国家工作。
that country. This history could be linked to the Data Pipeline
该国家。这段历史可以与数据管道联系起来
entries, providing further trust.
条目，提供进一步的信任。
Exceptions
Customs Goods Arrival Declaration
海关货物抵达申报单
Security clearance 安全审查
Statistical compilation for administrative purposes
用于行政目的的统计汇编
Relationships
eCMR messages could be used to make advanced/on-demand
eCMR 信息可用于高级/按需
consignment data available to the border agencies.
向边境机构提供托运数据。
Included Business Processes
包括业务流程
Affected Business Processes
受影响的业务流程
Figure 13: PDES Business Process Worksheet; Arrival declaration
图 13：PDES 业务流程工作表；抵达申报
Figure 14: PDES Business Process Activity Diagram; Arrival declaration
图 14：PDES 业务流程活动图；抵达申报
5.3.5 Waypoint A. 4 - Delivery of Consignment
5.3.5 航点 A. 4 - 交付货物
A. 4 Delivery of consignment
A.4 货物交付
General 一般情况
Name Delivery of consignment 交付货物
Description
The point at which the consignment is actually delivered to the
托运货物实际送达的时间点
Consignee or Delivery Party under the transport contract.
运输合同下的收货人或交货方。
Details
Business Area: Multi-Modal Transport
业务领域：多式联运
Process Area: Ship 工艺领域：船舶
Classified to Business Areas
按业务领域分类
and Process Areas 和工艺领域
Consignee, Delivery Party, Transport Service Provider
收货人、交货方、运输服务提供商
Participants and their interests
参与者及其兴趣 		Finance Service Provider
金融服务提供商
Stakeholders and their 利益相关者及其
interests
Reference(s)
Start
Start / End Characteristics
开始/结束特征
Pre-condition
The consignment is scheduled to arrive at the Delivery Party
托运货物计划抵达交货方
location and seal numbers and 'paperwork' will be checked before
地点、印章编号和 "文件 "将在检查之前进行
accepting the consignment.
接受托运。
Post-condition
The Delivery Party accepts the delivered consignment.
交货方接受交付的货物。
The consignment is unloaded at the Delivery Party location, the
托运货物在交货方地点卸货后，交货方必须
carrier may or may not have empty equipment or goods to be
承运人可能有，也可能没有空的设备或货物。
returned.
Begins When Goods arrive at final destination
货物抵达最终目的地
Ends When Consignee accepts the arrival
收货人接受抵达
Actions
The Delivery Party accepts the goods and confirms the correct
交货方接受货物并确认正确无误。
package count upon delivery from the carrier.
承运商交货时的包裹数量。
This count will be used to confirm safe receipt, advise of any
这次清点将用于确认安全收货，告知任何
damages and to follow up on any customs declarations that may
损害赔偿，并跟进可能存在的任何海关申报单。
have taken place in the event of inaccuracy or if further
如果出现不准确的情况，或如果进一步的
information is required.
需要提供信息。
The Delivery Party may confirm if the container has been opened
交货方可确认集装箱是否已被打开
and re-sealed by checking the seal number or on advice from a
并通过核对封条编号或根据专业人员的建议重新密封。
customs or border authority or based on modern methods of
海关或边境当局或基于现代方法的
transmission such as loT device.
传输，如 loT 设备。
Exceptions
Relationships
Customs arrival declarations and import declarations (if the piece
到货报关单和进口报关单（如果物品
count indicates a discrepancy)
计数表示差异）
Included Business Processes
包括业务流程
Affected Business Processes
受影响的业务流程
Payment to the Transport Service Provider (for completion of the delivery) / potential conclusion of the contract of carriage Payment to the Seller (for delivery of the goods) / potential conclusion of the contract of sale
向运输服务提供商付款（完成交货）/可能订立运输合同 向卖方付款（交付货物）/可能订立销售合同
Pre-receipt of goods into a warehouse (by connecting this information to a WMS for example)
货物入库前的预接收（例如，通过将此信息连接到 WMS 系统）
Figure 15: PDES Business Process Worksheet; Delivery of consignment
图 15：PDES 业务流程工作表；交付托运货物
Figure 16: PDES Business Process Activity Diagram; Delivery of consignment
图 16：PDES 业务流程活动图；交付货物

5.4 Business Choreography View
5.4 业务编排视图

5.4.1 Business Transaction View - Transactions and Authorized Roles
5.4.1 业务交易视图 - 交易和授权角色

This document covers the main output waypoint information of the PDES. The users of the information at each waypoint can be varied depending on their business needs of the data. Furthermore, the various input and output waypoints may vary depending on the needs of the business partners and the mode of transport.
本文件涵盖了 PDES 的主要输出航点信息。每个航点信息的用户可根据其对数据的业务需求而有所不同。此外，各种输入和输出航点也可能因业务合作伙伴的需求和运输方式而有所不同。
The White Paper on Data Pipeline describes a number of potential input and output waypoints. These are described in the following activity diagram:
数据管道白皮书》描述了一些潜在的输入和输出途径点。下面的活动图对此进行了描述：
Figure 17: PDES example of potential Business Transaction Activity Diagram
图 17：潜在业务交易活动图的 PDES 示例
These interactions are between the Data Source (which can be multiple participants) and a platform/database (Data Pipeline Carrier); and between the platform/database (the Data Pipeline Carrier) and the User of the information (which can be multiple participants).
这些交互发生在数据源（可以是多个参与者）和平台/数据库（数据管道载体）之间，以及平台/数据库（数据管道载体）和信息用户（可以是多个参与者）之间。
These transactions allow the exchange of small snippets of information instead of transmitting complete documents; the result is that this exchange model can potentially replace these traditional methods of data communication.
这些交易允许交换小段信息，而不是传输完整的文件；因此，这种交换模式有可能取代这些传统的数据通信方法。
For this reason, it is not possible to describe a "requestor" and "responder" view as these do not interact directly with each other but with a platform/database (Data Pipeline Carrier).
因此，无法描述 "请求者 "和 "响应者 "视图，因为它们之间不是直接交互，而是与平台/数据库（数据管道载体）交互。

5.4.2 Business Collaboration View and Business Realization View
5.4.2 业务协作视图和业务实现视图

The source of the data and the users of the data in the generic example which was defined in the White Paper are mapped here.
白皮书》中定义的通用示例中的数据源和数据用户在这里进行了映射。
Figure 18: PDES example of Business Collaboration Activity Diagram
图 18：业务协作活动图的 PDES 示例
  1. See UNECE « White Paper on Data Pipeline Concept for improving Data Quality in the Supply Chain”, April 2018.
    参见联合国欧洲经济委员会 "提高供应链数据质量的数据管道概念白皮书"，2018 年 4 月。